Why is working memory capacity related to matrix reasoning tasks?

PubMed

Harrison, Tyler L; Shipstead, Zach; Engle, Randall W

2015-04-01

One of the reasons why working memory capacity is so widely researched is its substantial relationship with fluid intelligence. Although this relationship has been found in numerous studies, researchers have been unable to provide a conclusive answer as to why the two constructs are related. In a recent study, researchers examined which attributes of Raven's Progressive Matrices were most strongly linked with working memory capacity (Wiley, Jarosz, Cushen, & Colflesh, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 256-263, 2011). In that study, Raven's problems that required a novel combination of rules to solve were more strongly correlated with working memory capacity than were problems that did not. In the present study, we wanted to conceptually replicate the Wiley et al. results while controlling for a few potential confounds. Thus, we experimentally manipulated whether a problem required a novel combination of rules and found that repeated-rule-combination problems were more strongly related to working memory capacity than were novel-rule-combination problems. The relationship to other measures of fluid intelligence did not change based on whether the problem required a novel rule combination.

Responding to the 2015 CMS Proposed Rule Changes for LTC Facilities: A Call to Redouble Efforts to Prepare Students and Practitioners for Nursing Homes.

PubMed

Bern-Klug, Mercedes; Connolly, Robert; Downes, Deirdre; Galambos, Colleen; Kusmaul, Nancy; Kane, Rosalie; Hector, Paige; Beaulieu, Elise

2016-01-01

In July of 2015, the Federal Register published for public comment proposed rule changes for nursing homes certified to receive Medicare and/or Medicaid. If the final rules are similar to the proposed rules, they will represent the largest change in federal rules governing nursing homes since the Nursing Home Reform Act which was part of OBRA 1987. The proposed changes have the potential to enhance the quality of care and quality of life of nursing home residents. Many of the proposed changes would directly affect the practice of social work and would likely expand the role for nursing home social workers. This article discusses the role that members of the National Nursing Home Social Work Network (NNHSW Network) played in developing and submitting a response to CMS. The article provides the context for the publication of the proposed rules, describes the process used by the NNHSW Network to develop and build support for comments on these rules, and also includes the actual comments submitted to CMS. Social work education programs and continuing education programs throughout the country will continue to have an important role to play in helping to prepare social work students and practitioners for a career in long-term care.

29 CFR 2700.1 - Scope; applicability of other rules; construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... work injustice, in which event the former rules of procedure would continue to apply. (b) Applicability... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Scope; applicability of other rules; construction. 2700.1... COMMISSION PROCEDURAL RULES General Provisions § 2700.1 Scope; applicability of other rules; construction. (a...

A multilayer perceptron solution to the match phase problem in rule-based artificial intelligence systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sartori, Michael A.; Passino, Kevin M.; Antsaklis, Panos J.

1992-01-01

In rule-based AI planning, expert, and learning systems, it is often the case that the left-hand-sides of the rules must be repeatedly compared to the contents of some 'working memory'. The traditional approach to solve such a 'match phase problem' for production systems is to use the Rete Match Algorithm. Here, a new technique using a multilayer perceptron, a particular artificial neural network model, is presented to solve the match phase problem for rule-based AI systems. A syntax for premise formulas (i.e., the left-hand-sides of the rules) is defined, and working memory is specified. From this, it is shown how to construct a multilayer perceptron that finds all of the rules which can be executed for the current situation in working memory. The complexity of the constructed multilayer perceptron is derived in terms of the maximum number of nodes and the required number of layers. A method for reducing the number of layers to at most three is also presented.

77 FR 421 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Long Island, New York Inland Waterway From East Rockaway Inlet...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-05

..., mile 6.1, across Narrow Bay, between Smith Point and Fire Island, New York. This temporary final rule..., (76 FR 60733) and that work was unexpectedly delayed. This rule provides a time extension so that the rehabilitation can be completed in the shortest possible time frame. Without this rule the work would have to be...

77 FR 43721 - Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines for Violations of Mandatory Health or Safety...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-26

... Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines for Violations of Mandatory Health or Safety Standards... effectiveness of information collection requirements contained in the final rule on Examinations of Work Areas... requirements in MSHA's final rule on Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines for Violations of...

CAUT Guidelines for the Use of Copyrighted Material

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canadian Association of University Teachers, 2013

2013-01-01

Copyright protects the users, creators and owners of expressive works such as paintings, literature, video and music. It does this by setting the rules governing the reproduction of such works. One of these rules is that in certain circumstances it is lawful to reproduce works (or parts of works) without permission or payment. The purpose of this…

Improve Tracking of Workplace Injuries and Illnesses. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-05-12

OSHA is issuing a final rule to revise its Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses regulation. The final rule requires employers in certain industries to electronically submit to OSHA injury and illness data that employers are already required to keep under existing OSHA regulations. The frequency and content of these establishment-specific submissions is set out in the final rule and is dependent on the size and industry of the employer. OSHA intends to post the data from these submissions on a publicly accessible Web site. OSHA does not intend to post any information on the Web site that could be used to identify individual employees. The final rule also amends OSHA's recordkeeping regulation to update requirements on how employers inform employees to report work-related injuries and illnesses to their employer. The final rule requires employers to inform employees of their right to report work-related injuries and illnesses free from retaliation; clarifies the existing implicit requirement that an employer's procedure for reporting work-related injuries and illnesses must be reasonable and not deter or discourage employees from reporting; and incorporates the existing statutory prohibition on retaliating against employees for reporting work-related injuries or illnesses. The final rule also amends OSHA's existing recordkeeping regulation to clarify the rights of employees and their representatives to access the injury and illness records.

Impact of new duty-hour rules on residency training.

PubMed

Duran-Nelson, Alisa; Van Camp, Joan; Ling, Louis

2010-11-01

On the surface, changing the rules related to the number of hours residents work per day and per week sounds like a good idea. Theoretically, residents who work fewer hours would be less tired and provide better patient care. But even small changes in residency training programs have implications for the quality of the educational experience and the cost of training, as well as patient care. This article highlights the challenges that two Minnesota residency programs are facing as they adapt to the new rules around residents' work hours.

45 CFR 286.95 - What, if any, are the special rules concerning counting work for two-parent families?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... counting work for two-parent families? 286.95 Section 286.95 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public....95 What, if any, are the special rules concerning counting work for two-parent families? Parents in a two-parent family may share the number of hours required to be considered as engaged in work. ...

Object-Driven and Temporal Action Rules Mining

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hajja, Ayman

2013-01-01

In this thesis, I present my complete research work in the field of action rules, more precisely object-driven and temporal action rules. The drive behind the introduction of object-driven and temporally based action rules is to bring forth an adapted approach to extract action rules from a subclass of systems that have a specific nature, in which…

Working Memory Development in Monolingual and Bilingual Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morales, Julia; Calvo, Alejandra; Bialystok, Ellen

2013-01-01

Two studies are reported comparing the performance of monolingual and bilingual children on tasks requiring different levels of working memory. In the first study, 56 5-year-olds performed a Simon-type task that manipulated working memory demands by comparing conditions based on two rules and four rules and manipulated conflict resolution demands…

78 FR 48860 - New England Fishery Management Council; Public Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-12

... ABC Control Rule Working Group (ABC WG) and Electronic Monitoring Working Group (EM WG). DATES: The first meeting of the ABC Control Rule Working Group will be on Tuesday, September 3, 2013. The meeting..., times and places for the meetings will be posted on the Council's Web site, http://nefmc.org/ . FOR...

Rule-Based Category Learning in Children: The Role of Age and Executive Functioning

PubMed Central

Rabi, Rahel; Minda, John Paul

2014-01-01

Rule-based category learning was examined in 4–11 year-olds and adults. Participants were asked to learn a set of novel perceptual categories in a classification learning task. Categorization performance improved with age, with younger children showing the strongest rule-based deficit relative to older children and adults. Model-based analyses provided insight regarding the type of strategy being used to solve the categorization task, demonstrating that the use of the task appropriate strategy increased with age. When children and adults who identified the correct categorization rule were compared, the performance deficit was no longer evident. Executive functions were also measured. While both working memory and inhibitory control were related to rule-based categorization and improved with age, working memory specifically was found to marginally mediate the age-related improvements in categorization. When analyses focused only on the sample of children, results showed that working memory ability and inhibitory control were associated with categorization performance and strategy use. The current findings track changes in categorization performance across childhood, demonstrating at which points performance begins to mature and resemble that of adults. Additionally, findings highlight the potential role that working memory and inhibitory control may play in rule-based category learning. PMID:24489658

Discrepant feeling rules and unscripted emotion work: women coping with termination for fetal anomaly.

PubMed

McCoyd, Judith L M

2009-10-01

The sociology of emotion is rapidly evolving and has implications for medical settings. Advancing medical technologies create new contexts for decision-making and emotional reaction that are framed by "feeling rules." Feeling rules guide not only behavior, but also how one believes one should feel, thereby causing one to attempt to bring one's authentic feelings into line with perceived feeling rules. Using qualitative data, the theoretical existence of feeling rules in pregnancy and prenatal testing is confirmed. Further examination extends this analysis: at times of technological development feeling rules are often discrepant, leaving patients with unscripted emotion work. Data from a study of women who interrupted anomalous pregnancies indicate that feeling rules are unclear when competing feeling rules are operating during times of societal and technological change. Because much of this occurs below the level of consciousness, medical and psychological services providers need to be aware of potential discrepancies in feeling rules and assist patients in identifying the salient feeling rules. Patients' struggles ease when they can recognize the discrepancies and assess their implications for decision-making and emotional response. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Cognitive changes in conjunctive rule-based category learning: An ERP approach.

PubMed

Rabi, Rahel; Joanisse, Marc F; Zhu, Tianshu; Minda, John Paul

2018-06-25

When learning rule-based categories, sufficient cognitive resources are needed to test hypotheses, maintain the currently active rule in working memory, update rules after feedback, and to select a new rule if necessary. Prior research has demonstrated that conjunctive rules are more complex than unidimensional rules and place greater demands on executive functions like working memory. In our study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants performed a conjunctive rule-based category learning task with trial-by-trial feedback. In line with prior research, correct categorization responses resulted in a larger stimulus-locked late positive complex compared to incorrect responses, possibly indexing the updating of rule information in memory. Incorrect trials elicited a pronounced feedback-locked P300 elicited which suggested a disconnect between perception, and the rule-based strategy. We also examined the differential processing of stimuli that were able to be correctly classified by the suboptimal single-dimensional rule ("easy" stimuli) versus those that could only be correctly classified by the optimal, conjunctive rule ("difficult" stimuli). Among strong learners, a larger, late positive slow wave emerged for difficult compared with easy stimuli, suggesting differential processing of category items even though strong learners performed well on the conjunctive category set. Overall, the findings suggest that ERP combined with computational modelling can be used to better understand the cognitive processes involved in rule-based category learning.

Getting Things Done Key to Utilization of People.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pollok, Ted

1979-01-01

Presented are 16 practical rules based upon the experiences of successful managers that can help executives get more things accomplished by their subordinates. The rules include: delegate responsibility, acknowledge good work, schedule work breaks, encourage suggestions, and handle grievances promptly. (JMD)

Work-zone traffic performance measures : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 2004 Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule applies to all state and local government agencies that receive federal-aid highway funding after October 12, 2007. This rule was an update to the former regulation (23...

76 FR 58176 - Swap Transaction Compliance and Implementation Schedule: Trading Documentation and Margining...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

...)-(iii) is intended to work together with, and serve as a cross-reference to, rules proposed by the... Documentation proposal, proposed Sec. 23.504(b)(3)(iii) and (iv) are intended to work together with rules... require that SDs or MSPs work with their non-registrant counterparties to comply with these requirements...

New Rule Use Drives the Relation between Working Memory Capacity and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiley, Jennifer; Jarosz, Andrew F.; Cushen, Patrick J.; Colflesh, Gregory J. H.

2011-01-01

The correlation between individual differences in working memory capacity and performance on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) is well documented yet poorly understood. The present work proposes a new explanation: that the need to use a new combination of rules on RAPM problems drives the relation between performance and working…

The influence of work characteristics, emotional display rules and affectivity on burnout and job satisfaction: A survey among geriatric care workers.

PubMed

Rouxel, Géraldine; Michinov, Estelle; Dodeler, Virginie

2016-10-01

Previous studies have demonstrated that geriatric care employees are exposed to a large number of factors that can affect their levels of job satisfaction and occupational stress. Although working with elderly people is emotionally demanding, little research has been done on the role played by perceptions of emotional display rules, alongside more traditional work characteristics and individual factors, in the prediction of geriatric care employees' wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to examine the role played by work characteristics (job demands, job control, emotional display rules) and individual (affectivity) factors to predict job satisfaction and burnout among French geriatric care nurses. Questionnaires were sent to 891 employees working in 32 geriatric care centers in France. A total of 371 valid questionnaires (response rate: 41.60%) were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Results revealed two main processes of burnout and job satisfaction among women geriatric care workers, namely a salutogenic process and a pathogenic process. As expected, negative affectivity, low job status, perceived negative display rules and job demands are involved in the pathogenic process; while positive affectivity, perceived positive display rules and job control are implied in the salutogenic one. More specifically, as expected, negative affectivity is a positive predictor of burnout, both directly and indirectly through its impact on perceived negative display rules and job demands. Moreover, negative affectivity was negatively related to job satisfaction. Simultaneously, positive affectivity can predict job satisfaction, both directly and indirectly through its impact on perceived positive display rules and job control. Positive affectivity is also a negative predictor of burnout. Practical implications are discussed to support intervention programs that develop healthy workplaces, and also to inform nurses about how to manage emotional display rules in retirement homes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estimating The Cost of Work Rule Changes in Transit

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-06-01

In many transit labor negotiations, management and labor want to explore a variety of changes in work rules. A dozen or more changes may be desired in a typical negotiation. To assess the cost implications of these proposals, a complete schedule runc...

77 FR 4654 - Senior Community Service Employment Program; Final Rule, Additional Indicator on Volunteer Work

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

... rule amends our regulations regarding Performance Accountability for title V of the Older Americans Act... on September 1, 2010. 75 FR 53786. Previously, an interim final rule (IFR) on performance measures... performance through regulation. OAA Sec. 513(b)(3). As established in the SCSEP Final Rule published September...

Employer's Pocket Guide on Youth Employment. Youth Rules!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Labor, 2004

2004-01-01

Through the YouthRules! initiative, the U.S. Department of Labor and its strategic partners seek to promote positive and safe work experiences for young workers. YouthRules! strives to educate teens, parents, educators, employers and the public on Federal and State rules regarding young workers. Components of the initiative include a website…

Mission Impossible: Learning How a Classroom Works before It's Too Late!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tattershall, Sandra

1987-01-01

The article looks at the implicit rules of classroom functioning and the importance of students learning these rules, either through osmosis or direct rule instruction, during the first few weeks of school. Speech language pathologists can help at risk students identify critical components of teacher behavior and classroom rules. (DB)

Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. Chapter Twelve, Revised. Audiovisual Media and Special Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Library Association, Chicago, IL.

Chapter 12 of the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules has been revised to provide rules for works in the principal audiovisual media (motion pictures, filmstrips, videorecordings, slides, and transparencies) as well as instructional aids (charts, dioramas, flash cards, games, kits, microscope slides, models, and realia). The rules for main and added…

Combination Rules for Morse-Based van der Waals Force Fields.

PubMed

Yang, Li; Sun, Lei; Deng, Wei-Qiao

2018-02-15

In traditional force fields (FFs), van der Waals interactions have been usually described by the Lennard-Jones potentials. Conventional combination rules for the parameters of van der Waals (VDW) cross-termed interactions were developed for the Lennard-Jones based FFs. Here, we report that the Morse potentials were a better function to describe VDW interactions calculated by highly precise quantum mechanics methods. A new set of combination rules was developed for Morse-based FFs, in which VDW interactions were described by Morse potentials. The new set of combination rules has been verified by comparing the second virial coefficients of 11 noble gas mixtures. For all of the mixed binaries considered in this work, the combination rules work very well and are superior to all three other existing sets of combination rules reported in the literature. We further used the Morse-based FF by using the combination rules to simulate the adsorption isotherms of CH 4 at 298 K in four covalent-organic frameworks (COFs). The overall agreement is great, which supports the further applications of this new set of combination rules in more realistic simulation systems.

Occupational injury and illness recording and reporting requirements--NAICS update and reporting revisions. Final rule.

PubMed

2014-09-18

OSHA is issuing a final rule to update the appendix to its Injury and Illness Recording and Reporting regulation. The appendix contains a list of industries that are partially exempt from requirements to keep records of work-related injuries and illnesses due to relatively low occupational injury and illness rates. The updated appendix is based on more recent injury and illness data and lists industry groups classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The current appendix lists industries classified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). The final rule also revises the requirements for reporting work-related fatality, injury, and illness information to OSHA. The current regulation requires employers to report work-related fatalities and in-patient hospitalizations of three or more employees within eight hours of the event. The final rule retains the requirement for employers to report work-related fatalities to OSHA within eight hours of the event but amends the regulation to require employers to report all work-related in-patient hospitalizations, as well as amputations and losses of an eye, to OSHA within 24 hours of the event.

45 CFR 260.73 - How do existing welfare reform waivers affect the participation rates and work rules?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2013-10-01 2012-10-01 true How do existing welfare reform waivers affect the participation rates and work rules? 260.73 Section 260.73 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare..., experimental and control cases not otherwise exempted, in calculating the rate; (ii) Defining work activities...

45 CFR 260.73 - How do existing welfare reform waivers affect the participation rates and work rules?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2014-10-01 2012-10-01 true How do existing welfare reform waivers affect the participation rates and work rules? 260.73 Section 260.73 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare..., experimental and control cases not otherwise exempted, in calculating the rate; (ii) Defining work activities...

20 CFR 404.1013 - Included-excluded rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

....1013 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1013 Included-excluded rule. (a) If part of your work for an employer during a pay period is...

20 CFR 404.1013 - Included-excluded rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

....1013 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1013 Included-excluded rule. (a) If part of your work for an employer during a pay period is...

20 CFR 404.1013 - Included-excluded rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

....1013 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1013 Included-excluded rule. (a) If part of your work for an employer during a pay period is...

20 CFR 404.1013 - Included-excluded rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

....1013 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1013 Included-excluded rule. (a) If part of your work for an employer during a pay period is...

20 CFR 404.1013 - Included-excluded rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

....1013 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Employment, Wages, Self-Employment, and Self-Employment Income Work Excluded from Employment § 404.1013 Included-excluded rule. (a) If part of your work for an employer during a pay period is...

Part-time Labor, Work Rules, and Transit Costs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

This report examines two major issues: (1)the impact of labor union work rules : on bus transit operating costs and (2)the magnitude of cost savings that can be : expected from the use of part-time drivers. These issues are examined within : the cont...

A Bayesian Scoring Technique for Mining Predictive and Non-Spurious Rules

PubMed Central

Batal, Iyad; Cooper, Gregory; Hauskrecht, Milos

2015-01-01

Rule mining is an important class of data mining methods for discovering interesting patterns in data. The success of a rule mining method heavily depends on the evaluation function that is used to assess the quality of the rules. In this work, we propose a new rule evaluation score - the Predictive and Non-Spurious Rules (PNSR) score. This score relies on Bayesian inference to evaluate the quality of the rules and considers the structure of the rules to filter out spurious rules. We present an efficient algorithm for finding rules with high PNSR scores. The experiments demonstrate that our method is able to cover and explain the data with a much smaller rule set than existing methods. PMID:25938136

A Bayesian Scoring Technique for Mining Predictive and Non-Spurious Rules.

PubMed

Batal, Iyad; Cooper, Gregory; Hauskrecht, Milos

Rule mining is an important class of data mining methods for discovering interesting patterns in data. The success of a rule mining method heavily depends on the evaluation function that is used to assess the quality of the rules. In this work, we propose a new rule evaluation score - the Predictive and Non-Spurious Rules (PNSR) score. This score relies on Bayesian inference to evaluate the quality of the rules and considers the structure of the rules to filter out spurious rules. We present an efficient algorithm for finding rules with high PNSR scores. The experiments demonstrate that our method is able to cover and explain the data with a much smaller rule set than existing methods.

Timely Diagnostic Feedback for Database Concept Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Jian-Wei; Lai, Yuan-Cheng; Chuang, Yuh-Shy

2013-01-01

To efficiently learn database concepts, this work adopts association rules to provide diagnostic feedback for drawing an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD). Using association rules and Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) techniques, this work implements a novel Web-based Timely Diagnosis System (WTDS), which provides timely diagnostic feedback…

78 FR 15394 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-11

...-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Adopting... paragraph (d) it contains a provision establishing how the transition period from NYSE Rule 477 will work... to announce the effective date of the new rules at least 30 days in advance in an Information...

38. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

38. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

27. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

25. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

30. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

11. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

18. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

6. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

13. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

34. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

7. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

36. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

8. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

33. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

21. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

16. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

10. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

37. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

17. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

24. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

31. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

28. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

26. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

39. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

39. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

3. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

19. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

1. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

12. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

20. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

14. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

15. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

29. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

2. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

23. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

5. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

35. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

32. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

22. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

9. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

4. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. PHOTOCOPIES OF TITLE PAGE, BOOKPLATE, MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE AND PLATES ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLES OF CARPENTERS' WORK PUBLISHED IN ARTICLES OF THE CARPENTERS' COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA AND THEIR RULES FOR MEASURING AND VALUING HOUSE CARPENTERS' WORK (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellars, 1786). - Carpenters' Company, Rule Book (carpentry manual), Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Scalability of a Methodology for Generating Technical Trading Rules with GAPs Based on Risk-Return Adjustment and Incremental Training

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de La Cal, E. A.; Fernández, E. M.; Quiroga, R.; Villar, J. R.; Sedano, J.

In previous works a methodology was defined, based on the design of a genetic algorithm GAP and an incremental training technique adapted to the learning of series of stock market values. The GAP technique consists in a fusion of GP and GA. The GAP algorithm implements the automatic search for crisp trading rules taking as objectives of the training both the optimization of the return obtained and the minimization of the assumed risk. Applying the proposed methodology, rules have been obtained for a period of eight years of the S&P500 index. The achieved adjustment of the relation return-risk has generated rules with returns very superior in the testing period to those obtained applying habitual methodologies and even clearly superior to Buy&Hold. This work probes that the proposed methodology is valid for different assets in a different market than previous work.

Common-Sense Rule Inference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lombardi, Ilaria; Console, Luca

In the paper we show how rule-based inference can be made more flexible by exploiting semantic information associated with the concepts involved in the rules. We introduce flexible forms of common sense reasoning in which whenever no rule applies to a given situation, the inference engine can fire rules that apply to more general or to similar situations. This can be obtained by defining new forms of match between rules and the facts in the working memory and new forms of conflict resolution. We claim that in this way we can overcome some of the brittleness problems that are common in rule-based systems.

Decision-making competence in younger and older adults: which cognitive abilities contribute to the application of decision rules?

PubMed

Rosi, Alessia; Bruine de Bruin, Wändi; Del Missier, Fabio; Cavallini, Elena; Russo, Riccardo

2017-12-28

Older adults perform worse than younger adults when applying decision rules to choose between options that vary along multiple attributes. Although previous studies have shown that general fluid cognitive abilities contribute to the accurate application of decision rules, relatively little is known about which specific cognitive abilities play the most important role. We examined the independent roles of working memory, verbal fluency, semantic knowledge, and components of executive functioning. We found that age-related decline in applying decision rules was statistically mediated by age-related decline in working memory and verbal fluency. Our results have implications for theories of aging and decision-making.

75 FR 60263 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Offering a Construction Requirement-8(a) Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

... geographical area where the work is to be performed. However, the SBA regulation requires the offering letters... September 30, 1993. This rule is not a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804. B. Regulatory Flexibility Act The Regulatory Flexibility Act does not apply to this rule. This final rule does not constitute a significant FAR...

Stressed out and overcommitted! The relationships between time demands and family rules and parents’ and their child’s weight status

PubMed Central

Hearst, Mary O.; Sevcik, Sarah; Fulkerson, Jayne A.; Pasch, Keryn E.; Harnack, Lisa J.; Lytle, Leslie A.

2013-01-01

Objective To determine the relationship between parent time demands and presence and enforcement of family rules and parent/child dyad weight status. Methods Dyads of one child/parent per family (n=681dyads), Twin Cities, Minnesota, 2007–2008 had measured height/weight and a survey of demographics, time demands and family rules-related questions. Parent/child dyads were classified into four healthy weight/overweight categories. Multivariate linear associations were analyzed with SAS, testing for interaction by work status and family composition (p<0.10). Results In adjusted models, lack of family rules and difficulty with rule enforcement were statistically lower in dyads in which the parent/child was healthy weight compared to dyads in which the parent/child was both overweight (Difference in family rules scores=0.49, p=0.03; difference in rule enforcement scores=1.09, p=<0.01). Of parents who worked full-time, healthy weight dyads reported lower time demands than other dyads (Difference in time demands scores=1.44, p=0.01). Conclusions Family experiences of time demands and use of family rules are related to the weight status of parents and children within families. PMID:22228775

The Role of Culture and Acculturation in Researchers' Perceptions of Rules in Science.

PubMed

Antes, Alison L; English, Tammy; Baldwin, Kari A; DuBois, James M

2018-04-01

Successfully navigating the norms of a society is a complex task that involves recognizing diverse kinds of rules as well as the relative weight attached to them. In the United States (U.S.), different kinds of rules-federal statutes and regulations, scientific norms, and professional ideals-guide the work of researchers. Penalties for violating these different kinds of rules and norms can range from the displeasure of peers to criminal sanctions. We proposed that it would be more difficult for researchers working in the U.S. who were born in other nations to distinguish the seriousness of violating rules across diverse domains. We administered a new measure, the evaluating rules in science task (ERST), to National Institutes of Health-funded investigators (101 born in the U.S. and 102 born outside of the U.S.). The ERST assessed perceptions of the seriousness of violating research regulations, norms, and ideals, and allowed us to calculate the degree to which researchers distinguished between the seriousness of each rule category. The ERST also assessed researchers' predictions of the seriousness that research integrity officers (RIOs) would assign to the rules. We compared researchers' predictions to the seriousness ratings of 112 RIOs working at U.S. research-intensive universities. U.S.-born researchers were significantly better at distinguishing between the seriousness of violating federal research regulations and violating ideals of science, and they were more accurate in their predictions of the views of RIOs. Acculturation to the U.S. moderated the effects of nationality on accuracy. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of future research and education.

The Effects of Concurrent Verbal and Visual Tasks on Category Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miles, Sarah J.; Minda, John Paul

2011-01-01

Current theories of category learning posit separate verbal and nonverbal learning systems. Past research suggests that the verbal system relies on verbal working memory and executive functioning and learns rule-defined categories; the nonverbal system does not rely on verbal working memory and learns non-rule-defined categories (E. M. Waldron…

75 FR 53952 - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

.../Annual Catch Target Control Rule Working Group. DATES: The first meeting will convene at 9 a.m. on Monday.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Annual Catch Limit/Annual Catch Target Control Rule Working Group will review and... limit and annual catch target. For fisheries that have the annual catch limit allocated into sectors...

76 FR 56357 - Expedited Vocational Assessment Under the Sequential Evaluation Process

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... work. This proposed new process would not disadvantage any claimant or change the ultimate conclusion... demands of unskilled work.\\28\\ If any of these rules would indicate that the claimant may be disabled or... to them, and an explanation of how we will apply the new rules. [[Page 56360

The Virtual Factory Teaching System (VFTS): Project Review and Results.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kazlauskas, E. J.; Boyd, E. F., III; Dessouky, M. M.

This paper presents a review of the Virtual Factory Teaching (VFTS) project, a Web-based, multimedia collaborative learning network. The system allows students, working alone or in teams, to build factories, forecast demand for products, plan production, establish release rules for new work into the factory, and set scheduling rules for…

When Simple Things Are Meaningful: Working Memory Strength Predicts Children's Cognitive Flexibility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blackwell, Katharine A.; Cepeda, Nicholas J.; Munakata, Yuko

2009-01-01

People often perseverate, repeating outdated behaviors despite correctly answering questions about rules they should be following. Children who perseverate are slower to respond to such questions than children who successfully switch to new rules, even after controlling for age and processing speed. Thus, switchers may have stronger working memory…

U.S. EPA Lead and Copper Corrosion Research Program Update

EPA Science Inventory

The Lead and Copper Rule was established to reduce lead and copper in consumer’s tap water. As a result a great deal of work has been conducted by U.S. EPA researchers, and others, in support of the Rule. Despite that work, there are still needs and related issues that are not ...

75 FR 10688 - Seaway Regulations and Rules: Periodic Update, Various Categories

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... inspection'', vessels will be required to provide a safe and approved means of boarding for inspectors... significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. Federalism The Corporation has analyzed this rule...)--Working (Canadian Stations in Sector 1 and the Welland Canal). 156.6 MHz--(channel 12)--Working (U.S...

Working draft of the FDA GMP final rule (Part II).

PubMed

Donawa, M E

1995-11-01

Part I of this two-part series provided information on the proposed design control provisions of the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) working draft of the final rule for new good manufacturing practice regulations for medical devices. The final rule could be published in April or May 1996. It would be in force 180 days after the date of publication. Design control requirements may become effective some months later. This article describes recommended modifications of three provisions that have been intensely discussed during recent FDA-sponsored public meetings.

Basic Questions for Introductory Sociology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parmley, Ingram C.

1980-01-01

Looks at five questions that serve as the core of an introductory sociology course, presenting the essence of sociology without inundating the student with information: What is sociology? How do societies develop rules for living? What if the rules don't work? How are new rules developed? So what? (AYC)

Requiem for the max rule?

PubMed Central

Ma, Wei Ji; Shen, Shan; Dziugaite, Gintare; van den Berg, Ronald

2015-01-01

In tasks such as visual search and change detection, a key question is how observers integrate noisy measurements from multiple locations to make a decision. Decision rules proposed to model this process haven fallen into two categories: Bayes-optimal (ideal observer) rules and ad-hoc rules. Among the latter, the maximum-of-outputs (max) rule has been most prominent. Reviewing recent work and performing new model comparisons across a range of paradigms, we find that in all cases except for one, the optimal rule describes human data as well as or better than every max rule either previously proposed or newly introduced here. This casts doubt on the utility of the max rule for understanding perceptual decision-making. PMID:25584425

Early effects of resident work-hour restrictions on patient safety: a systematic review and plea for improved studies.

PubMed

Baldwin, Keith; Namdari, Surena; Donegan, Derek; Kamath, Atul F; Mehta, Samir

2011-01-19

since the inception of the eighty-hour work week, work hour restrictions have incited considerable debate. Work hour policies were designed to prevent medical errors and to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. It is unclear whether work hour restrictions have been helpful in medicine in general and in orthopaedic surgery specifically. This systematic review of the literature was designed to determine the success of these restrictions in terms of patient mortality, medical errors, and complications. a systematic review of the literature was performed to determine if work hour rules have improved patient and systems-based outcomes and reduced physician errors as measured by mortality, medical errors, and complications. A random effects model was utilized to determine whether patient mortality rates were improved under the new rules. the odds of patient death before implementation of the work hour rules were 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.17) times those after implementation. These differences were consistent across disciplines. The data concerning medical or surgical complications before and after the institution of the work hour rules were mixed. There was little information in these studies concerning direct medical errors. The odds of death in nonteaching cohorts were not significantly different from that in teaching cohorts. there appears to be a decrease in mortality following the institution of work hour rules. The difference seen in teaching cohorts is not significantly different from that in nonteaching cohorts. It is unclear whether this difference would have been observed even without work hour restrictions. No study has shown a reduction in mortality for orthopaedic patients in teaching cohorts that was greater than that observed in nonteaching cohorts. Because of methodological concerns and the lack of current literature linking physician fatigue and physician underperformance with patient mortality, it is unclear whether the goals of the work hour reductions have been achieved. Furthermore, because of a lack of a so-called dose-response relationship between work hour reduction and patient mortality, it is uncertain whether further reductions would be beneficial. therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Does job complexity mitigate the negative effect of emotion-rule dissonance on employee burnout?

PubMed Central

Kubicek, Bettina; Korunka, Christian

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT In interactions with clients or patients, human service workers are at risk of experiencing discrepancies between felt and organizationally mandated emotions (i.e. emotion-rule dissonance). Given the documented detrimental effects of such discrepancies on employee strain, the present study investigated whether job complexity mitigates the relation between emotion-rule dissonance and employee burnout using data from a two-wave panel study of eldercare workers (N = 583, 16-month time lag). Structural equation modelling revealed that emotion-rule dissonance at Time 1 preceded emotional exhaustion and depersonalization at Time 2. Beyond that, employees whose work offered job complexity were found to suffer less from emotional exhaustion and depersonalization when encountering discrepancies between felt and stipulated emotions compared to employees who conducted noncomplex work. Thus, designing complex tasks appears to be a crucial starting point for alleviating employee burnout in jobs that provoke emotion-rule dissonance. PMID:26681818

Creating an ontology driven rules base for an expert system for medical diagnosis.

PubMed

Bertaud Gounot, Valérie; Donfack, Valéry; Lasbleiz, Jérémy; Bourde, Annabel; Duvauferrier, Régis

2011-01-01

Expert systems of the 1980s have failed on the difficulties of maintaining large rule bases. The current work proposes a method to achieve and maintain rule bases grounded on ontologies (like NCIT). The process described here for an expert system on plasma cell disorder encompasses extraction of a sub-ontology and automatic and comprehensive generation of production rules. The creation of rules is not based directly on classes, but on individuals (instances). Instances can be considered as prototypes of diseases formally defined by "destrictions" in the ontology. Thus, it is possible to use this process to make diagnoses of diseases. The perspectives of this work are considered: the process described with an ontology formalized in OWL1 can be extended by using an ontology in OWL2 and allow reasoning about numerical data in addition to symbolic data.

Loyalty and Creativity in a Disciplinary Organization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirkhaug, Rudi

2009-01-01

The relationship between loyalty to rules and the creativity that attempts to improve those same rules was examined among Norwegian army officers deployed in international operations. Today's army officers are faced with rapidly changing work conditions and unpredictable enemies, both of which challenge and outdate rules and routines. They thus…

A Swarm Optimization approach for clinical knowledge mining.

PubMed

Christopher, J Jabez; Nehemiah, H Khanna; Kannan, A

2015-10-01

Rule-based classification is a typical data mining task that is being used in several medical diagnosis and decision support systems. The rules stored in the rule base have an impact on classification efficiency. Rule sets that are extracted with data mining tools and techniques are optimized using heuristic or meta-heuristic approaches in order to improve the quality of the rule base. In this work, a meta-heuristic approach called Wind-driven Swarm Optimization (WSO) is used. The uniqueness of this work lies in the biological inspiration that underlies the algorithm. WSO uses Jval, a new metric, to evaluate the efficiency of a rule-based classifier. Rules are extracted from decision trees. WSO is used to obtain different permutations and combinations of rules whereby the optimal ruleset that satisfies the requirement of the developer is used for predicting the test data. The performance of various extensions of decision trees, namely, RIPPER, PART, FURIA and Decision Tables are analyzed. The efficiency of WSO is also compared with the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization. Experiments were carried out with six benchmark medical datasets. The traditional C4.5 algorithm yields 62.89% accuracy with 43 rules for liver disorders dataset where as WSO yields 64.60% with 19 rules. For Heart disease dataset, C4.5 is 68.64% accurate with 98 rules where as WSO is 77.8% accurate with 34 rules. The normalized standard deviation for accuracy of PSO and WSO are 0.5921 and 0.5846 respectively. WSO provides accurate and concise rulesets. PSO yields results similar to that of WSO but the novelty of WSO lies in its biological motivation and it is customization for rule base optimization. The trade-off between the prediction accuracy and the size of the rule base is optimized during the design and development of rule-based clinical decision support system. The efficiency of a decision support system relies on the content of the rule base and classification accuracy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 269b.710 - Rules to be liberally construed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... compliance with the terms of the rules and regulations in this subchapter will work an injustice or... and to effectuate the purposes of the policy. (b) When an act is required or allowed to be done at or... shall be manifest that strict adherence will work surprise or injustice or interfere with the proper...

Strategy Selection for Cognitive Skill Acquisition Depends on Task Demands and Working Memory Capacity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinze, Scott R.; Bunting, Michael F; Pellegrino, James W.

2009-01-01

The involvement of working memory capacity (WMC) in ruled-based cognitive skill acquisition is well-established, but the duration of its involvement and its role in learning strategy selection are less certain. Participants (N=610) learned four logic rules, their corresponding symbols, or logic gates, and the appropriate input-output combinations…

High Level Rule Modeling Language for Airline Crew Pairing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mutlu, Erdal; Birbil, Ş. Ilker; Bülbül, Kerem; Yenigün, Hüsnü

2011-09-01

The crew pairing problem is an airline optimization problem where a set of least costly pairings (consecutive flights to be flown by a single crew) that covers every flight in a given flight network is sought. A pairing is defined by using a very complex set of feasibility rules imposed by international and national regulatory agencies, and also by the airline itself. The cost of a pairing is also defined by using complicated rules. When an optimization engine generates a sequence of flights from a given flight network, it has to check all these feasibility rules to ensure whether the sequence forms a valid pairing. Likewise, the engine needs to calculate the cost of the pairing by using certain rules. However, the rules used for checking the feasibility and calculating the costs are usually not static. Furthermore, the airline companies carry out what-if-type analyses through testing several alternate scenarios in each planning period. Therefore, embedding the implementation of feasibility checking and cost calculation rules into the source code of the optimization engine is not a practical approach. In this work, a high level language called ARUS is introduced for describing the feasibility and cost calculation rules. A compiler for ARUS is also implemented in this work to generate a dynamic link library to be used by crew pairing optimization engines.

Expert system shell to reason on large amounts of data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Giuffrida, Gionanni

1994-01-01

The current data base management systems (DBMS's) do not provide a sophisticated environment to develop rule based expert systems applications. Some of the new DBMS's come with some sort of rule mechanism; these are active and deductive database systems. However, both of these are not featured enough to support full implementation based on rules. On the other hand, current expert system shells do not provide any link with external databases. That is, all the data are kept in the system working memory. Such working memory is maintained in main memory. For some applications the reduced size of the available working memory could represent a constraint for the development. Typically these are applications which require reasoning on huge amounts of data. All these data do not fit into the computer main memory. Moreover, in some cases these data can be already available in some database systems and continuously updated while the expert system is running. This paper proposes an architecture which employs knowledge discovering techniques to reduce the amount of data to be stored in the main memory; in this architecture a standard DBMS is coupled with a rule-based language. The data are stored into the DBMS. An interface between the two systems is responsible for inducing knowledge from the set of relations. Such induced knowledge is then transferred to the rule-based language working memory.

Evaluation and Selection of Best Priority Sequencing Rule in Job Shop Scheduling using Hybrid MCDM Technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiran Kumar, Kalla; Nagaraju, Dega; Gayathri, S.; Narayanan, S.

2017-05-01

Priority Sequencing Rules provide the guidance for the order in which the jobs are to be processed at a workstation. The application of different priority rules in job shop scheduling gives different order of scheduling. More experimentation needs to be conducted before a final choice is made to know the best priority sequencing rule. Hence, a comprehensive method of selecting the right choice is essential in managerial decision making perspective. This paper considers seven different priority sequencing rules in job shop scheduling. For evaluation and selection of the best priority sequencing rule, a set of eight criteria are considered. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the methodology of evaluating and selecting the best priority sequencing rule by using hybrid multi criteria decision making technique (MCDM), i.e., analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The criteria weights are calculated by using AHP whereas the relative closeness values of all priority sequencing rules are computed based on TOPSIS with the help of data acquired from the shop floor of a manufacturing firm. Finally, from the findings of this work, the priority sequencing rules are ranked from most important to least important. The comprehensive methodology presented in this paper is very much essential for the management of a workstation to choose the best priority sequencing rule among the available alternatives for processing the jobs with maximum benefit.

Requiem for the max rule?

PubMed

Ma, Wei Ji; Shen, Shan; Dziugaite, Gintare; van den Berg, Ronald

2015-11-01

In tasks such as visual search and change detection, a key question is how observers integrate noisy measurements from multiple locations to make a decision. Decision rules proposed to model this process have fallen into two categories: Bayes-optimal (ideal observer) rules and ad-hoc rules. Among the latter, the maximum-of-outputs (max) rule has been the most prominent. Reviewing recent work and performing new model comparisons across a range of paradigms, we find that in all cases except for one, the optimal rule describes human data as well as or better than every max rule either previously proposed or newly introduced here. This casts doubt on the utility of the max rule for understanding perceptual decision-making. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Working draft of the FDA GMP final rule (Part I).

PubMed

Donawa, M E

1995-10-01

On 24 July 1995, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a notice of availability of a working draft of a final rule for new good manufacturing practice (GMP) regulations for medical devices. The new regulations could be in force by late 1996. This is the first of a two-part series of articles discussing key provisions of the working draft and their importance to companies marketing or planning to market devices in the US.

Learning General Phonological Rules from Distributional Information: A Computational Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calamaro, Shira; Jarosz, Gaja

2015-01-01

Phonological rules create alternations in the phonetic realizations of related words. These rules must be learned by infants in order to identify the phonological inventory, the morphological structure, and the lexicon of a language. Recent work proposes a computational model for the learning of one kind of phonological alternation, allophony…

The New Rules of Measurement: What Every Psychologist and Educator Should Know.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Embretson, Susan E., Ed.; Hershberger, Scott L., Ed.

Scholars from psychology and education describe how the new rules of measurement work and how they differ from the old rules. The collection provides an integrated and comprehensive reference source concerned with contemporary issues and approaches in testing and measurement. The chapters are: (1) "Issues in the Measurement of Cognitive…

"Chaos Rules" Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, David

2011-01-01

About 20 years ago, while lost in the midst of his PhD research, the author mused over proposed titles for his thesis. He was pretty pleased with himself when he came up with "Chaos Rules" (the implied double meaning was deliberate), or more completely, "Chaos Rules: An Exploration of the Work of Instructional Designers in Distance Education." He…

Theoretical and subjective bit assignments in transform picture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, H. W., Jr.

1977-01-01

It is shown that all combinations of symmetrical input distributions with difference distortion measures give a bit assignment rule identical to the well-known rule for a Gaussian input distribution with mean-square error. Published work is examined to show that the bit assignment rule is useful for transforms of full pictures, but subjective bit assignments for transform picture coding using small block sizes are significantly different from the theoretical bit assignment rule. An intuitive explanation is based on subjective design experience, and a subjectively obtained bit assignment rule is given.

75 FR 57496 - Notice of Proposed Supplementary Rule To Require the Use of Certified Noxious-Weed-Free Forage...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... mulch for project work. This action is a cooperative effort between the BLM, the U.S. Forest Service... a week. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Public Comment Procedures You may mail comments to Roger... work. Once this rule becomes effective, there will be a 60-day grace period for enforcement of this...

Lead-based paint awareness, work practices, and compliance during residential construction and renovation.

PubMed

Blando, James D; Antoine, Nickita; Lefkowitz, Daniel

2013-05-01

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently implemented the Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) rule that applies to pre-1978 residences because of the potential presence of lead-based paint. Enforcement of this rule may be difficult and therefore it is crucial to understand the awareness and beliefs of contractors and the general public because these will likely be major determinants of exposures resulting from residential renovation work. The study described in this article utilized two mailed surveys: one directed to the general public and the other directed to contractors. The surveys were conducted in New Jersey and Virginia. Field observations were also recorded for work sites in New Jersey. Results indicated a high awareness among the general public about the hazards of lead, a low level of screening by children's doctors for lead exposure, frequent use of work practices that generate lots of dust, poor hygiene among contractors, and the potential for low compliance of contractors with the RRP rule. In particular, contractors who do not believe lead is a serious health hazard are expected to have the lowest compliance with the RRP rule. These findings serve as targets for effective public health interventions through education and outreach.

76 FR 76815 - Business Opportunity Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-08

...The Commission is adopting final amendments to its Trade Regulation Rule entitled ``Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Business Opportunities'' (``Business Opportunity Rule'' or ``Rule''). Among other things, the Business Opportunity Rule has been amended to broaden its scope to cover business opportunity sellers not covered by the interim Business Opportunity Rule, such as sellers of work-at-home opportunities, and to streamline and simplify the disclosures that sellers must provide to prospective purchasers. The final Rule is based upon the comments received in response to an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``ANPR''), an Initial Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``INPR''), a Revised Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (``RNPR''), a public workshop, a Staff Report, and other information discussed herein. This document also contains the text of the final Rule and the Rule's Statement of Basis and Purpose (``SBP''), including a Regulatory Analysis.

77 FR 4064 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-26

... comply with Rule 9b-1. These respondents work together to prepare a single ODD covering options traded on..., Washington, DC 20549-0213 Extension: Rule 9b-1, OMB Control No. 3235-0480, SEC File No. 270-429 Notice is...'') a request for extension of the existing collection of information provided for in the following rule...

Visualizing and Understanding l'Hopital's Rule

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Sheldon P.

2017-01-01

This article uses dynamic software in Excel to demonstrate several ways in which graphical and numerical approaches can be introduced both to enhance student understanding of l'Hopital's Rule and to explain why the Rule actually works to give the "right" answers. One of the approaches used is to visualize what is happening by examining…

Visualizing and understanding l'hopital's rule

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon, Sheldon P.

2017-11-01

This article uses dynamic software in Excel to demonstrate several ways in which graphical and numerical approaches can be introduced both to enhance student understanding of l'Hopital's Rule and to explain why the Rule actually works to give the 'right' answers. One of the approaches used is to visualize what is happening by examining the limits with both l'Hopital's Rule and the associated Taylor approximation to the function. The dynamic software allows students to experiment with the ideas.

Streamling the Change Management with Business Rules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savela, Christopher

2015-01-01

Will discuss how their organization is trying to streamline workflows and the change management process with business rules. In looking for ways to make things more efficient and save money one way is to reduce the work the workflow task approvers have to do when reviewing affected items. Will share the technical details of the business rules, how to implement them, how to speed up the development process by using the API to demonstrate the rules in action.

Talk about New Rules! Exploring the Community College Role in Meeting the Educational Needs of an Aging Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garvey, Dennis M.

2007-01-01

Life courses have traditionally been seen as a linear progression from school to work to retirement. Now, as our population ages, a circular life course is emerging with education, work, and leisure intertwined. This article explores the "New Rules of Business" for a community college where residents age 55+ represent 34% of the population.

Are stimulus-response rules represented phonologically for task-set preparation and maintenance?

PubMed

van 't Wout, Félice; Lavric, Aureliu; Monsell, Stephen

2013-09-01

Accounts of task-set control generally assume that the current task's stimulus-response (S-R) rules must be elevated to a privileged state of activation. How are they represented in this state? In 3 task-cuing experiments, we tested the hypothesis that phonological working memory is used to represent S-R rules for task-set control by getting participants to switch between 2 sets of arbitrary S-R rules and manipulating the articulatory duration (Experiment 1) or phonological similarity (Experiments 2 and 3) of the names of the stimulus terms. The task cue specified which of 2 objects (Experiment 1) or consonants (Experiment 2) in a display to identify with a key press. In Experiment 3, participants switched between identifying an object/consonant and its color/visual texture. After practice, neither the duration nor the similarity of the stimulus terms had detectable effects on overall performance, task-switch cost, or its reduction with preparation. Only in the initial single-task training blocks was phonological similarity a significant handicap. Hence, beyond a very transient role, there is no evidence that (declarative) phonological working memory makes a functional contribution to representing S-R rules for task-set control, arguably because once learned, they are represented in nonlinguistic procedural working memory. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

Bilinearity, Rules, and Prefrontal Cortex

PubMed Central

Dayan, Peter

2007-01-01

Humans can be instructed verbally to perform computationally complex cognitive tasks; their performance then improves relatively slowly over the course of practice. Many skills underlie these abilities; in this paper, we focus on the particular question of a uniform architecture for the instantiation of habitual performance and the storage, recall, and execution of simple rules. Our account builds on models of gated working memory, and involves a bilinear architecture for representing conditional input-output maps and for matching rules to the state of the input and working memory. We demonstrate the performance of our model on two paradigmatic tasks used to investigate prefrontal and basal ganglia function. PMID:18946523

Anytime synthetic projection: Maximizing the probability of goal satisfaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Drummond, Mark; Bresina, John L.

1990-01-01

A projection algorithm is presented for incremental control rule synthesis. The algorithm synthesizes an initial set of goal achieving control rules using a combination of situation probability and estimated remaining work as a search heuristic. This set of control rules has a certain probability of satisfying the given goal. The probability is incrementally increased by synthesizing additional control rules to handle 'error' situations the execution system is likely to encounter when following the initial control rules. By using situation probabilities, the algorithm achieves a computationally effective balance between the limited robustness of triangle tables and the absolute robustness of universal plans.

Improving the Interpretability of Classification Rules Discovered by an Ant Colony Algorithm: Extended Results.

PubMed

Otero, Fernando E B; Freitas, Alex A

2016-01-01

Most ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms for inducing classification rules use a ACO-based procedure to create a rule in a one-at-a-time fashion. An improved search strategy has been proposed in the cAnt-Miner[Formula: see text] algorithm, where an ACO-based procedure is used to create a complete list of rules (ordered rules), i.e., the ACO search is guided by the quality of a list of rules instead of an individual rule. In this paper we propose an extension of the cAnt-Miner[Formula: see text] algorithm to discover a set of rules (unordered rules). The main motivations for this work are to improve the interpretation of individual rules by discovering a set of rules and to evaluate the impact on the predictive accuracy of the algorithm. We also propose a new measure to evaluate the interpretability of the discovered rules to mitigate the fact that the commonly used model size measure ignores how the rules are used to make a class prediction. Comparisons with state-of-the-art rule induction algorithms, support vector machines, and the cAnt-Miner[Formula: see text] producing ordered rules are also presented.

Are Stimulus-Response Rules Represented Phonologically for Task-Set Preparation and Maintenance?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van 't Wout, Félice; Lavric, Aureliu; Monsell, Stephen

2013-01-01

Accounts of task-set control generally assume that the current task's stimulus-response (S-R) rules must be elevated to a privileged state of activation. How are they represented in this state? In 3 task-cuing experiments, we tested the hypothesis that phonological working memory is used to represent S-R rules for task-set control by getting…

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

12 CFR 796.6 - What other definitions and rules of construction apply for purposes of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What other definitions and rules of... RESTRICTIONS FOR CERTAIN NCUA EXAMINERS § 796.6 What other definitions and rules of construction apply for... federally insured credit union or other company only if the person works directly on matters for, or on...

78 FR 73472 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Application of Certain Clauses to Acquisitions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-06

... 252.211-7008, Use of Government-Assigned Serial Numbers, and DFARS 252.232-7006, Wide Area WorkFlow... harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. This is not a significant regulatory action and, therefore... September 30, 1993. This rule is not a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804. III. Regulatory Flexibility Act DoD...

'They stand you in a corner; you are not to speak': nurses tell of abusive indoctrination in work teams dominated by bullies.

PubMed

Hutchinson, Marie; Vickers, Margaret H; Jackson, Debra; Wilkes, Lesley

2006-05-01

This paper reports some of the findings from the first qualitative stage of a large national study of bullying in the nursing workplace currently being undertaken in Australia. The findings reported here reveal how relationships between bullies were embedded within informal organizational alliances, enabling bullies to control work teams and use emotional abuse and psychological violence as a means of enforcing bully-defined 'rules of work'. Within nursing teams, bullies controlled work roles, tasks, and status in the nursing hierarchy through enforcing their 'rules'. Bullies enforced these rules through a process of ritual indoctrination, destroying the self-confidence and self-image of those targeted, and forcing them to eventually resign their position or acquiesce to survive. The merciless, calculated and deliberate nature of the bullying resulted in profound harm for many of those targeted. The findings of this research have implications for the understanding and management of workplace bullying.

Safety rules and regulations on mine sites - the problem and a solution.

PubMed

Laurence, David

2005-01-01

Many accidents and incidents on mine sites have a causal factor in the rules and regulations that supposedly are in place to prevent the incident from occurring. The causes involve a lack of awareness or understanding, ignorance, or deliberate violations. The issue of mine rules, procedures, and regulations is a central focus of this paper, highlighted by this recent comment - "very few people have accidents for which there is no procedure in place..." An attitudinal survey was conducted at 33 mines throughout NSW, Queensland and international mine sites involving almost 500 mineworkers. The survey was in the form of a self-completing questionnaire, consisting of approximately 65 questions. It aimed to seek the opinions of the mining workforce on safety rules and regulations generally, as well as how they apply to their specific jobs on a mine site. The research also aimed to investigate: (a) the level of awareness and understanding of mine rules and procedures such as manager's rules and safe work procedures (SWPs); (b) the level of awareness and understanding of mine safety regulations and legislation; (c) the extent of communication of and commitment to rules and regulations; (d) the extent of compliance with rules and regulations; and (e) attitudes regarding errors, risk-taking, and accidents and their interaction with rules and regulations. The sample consisted of a random selection of underground and open pit mines, extracting coal, metals, or industrial minerals. The insights provided by the mineworkers enabled a set of principles to be developed to guide mine management and regulators in the development of more effective rules and regulations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT ON THE MINING INDUSTRY: (a) Management and regulators should not continue to produce more and more rules and regulations to cover every aspect of mining. (b) Detailed prescriptive regulations, detailed safe work procedures, and voluminous safety management plans will not "connect" with a miner. (c) Achieving more effective rules and regulations is not the only answer to a safer workplace.

Decision Rules and Group Rationality: Cognitive Gain or Standstill?

PubMed Central

Curşeu, Petru Lucian; Jansen, Rob J. G.; Chappin, Maryse M. H.

2013-01-01

Recent research in group cognition points towards the existence of collective cognitive competencies that transcend individual group members’ cognitive competencies. Since rationality is a key cognitive competence for group decision making, and group cognition emerges from the coordination of individual cognition during social interactions, this study tests the extent to which collaborative and consultative decision rules impact the emergence of group rationality. Using a set of decision tasks adapted from the heuristics and biases literature, we evaluate rationality as the extent to which individual choices are aligned with a normative ideal. We further operationalize group rationality as cognitive synergy (the extent to which collective rationality exceeds average or best individual rationality in the group), and we test the effect of collaborative and consultative decision rules in a sample of 176 groups. Our results show that the collaborative decision rule has superior synergic effects as compared to the consultative decision rule. The ninety one groups working in a collaborative fashion made more rational choices (above and beyond the average rationality of their members) than the eighty five groups working in a consultative fashion. Moreover, the groups using a collaborative decision rule were closer to the rationality of their best member than groups using consultative decision rules. Nevertheless, on average groups did not outperformed their best member. Therefore, our results reveal how decision rules prescribing interpersonal interactions impact on the emergence of collective cognitive competencies. They also open potential venues for further research on the emergence of collective rationality in human decision-making groups. PMID:23451050

Decision rules and group rationality: cognitive gain or standstill?

PubMed

Curşeu, Petru Lucian; Jansen, Rob J G; Chappin, Maryse M H

2013-01-01

Recent research in group cognition points towards the existence of collective cognitive competencies that transcend individual group members' cognitive competencies. Since rationality is a key cognitive competence for group decision making, and group cognition emerges from the coordination of individual cognition during social interactions, this study tests the extent to which collaborative and consultative decision rules impact the emergence of group rationality. Using a set of decision tasks adapted from the heuristics and biases literature, we evaluate rationality as the extent to which individual choices are aligned with a normative ideal. We further operationalize group rationality as cognitive synergy (the extent to which collective rationality exceeds average or best individual rationality in the group), and we test the effect of collaborative and consultative decision rules in a sample of 176 groups. Our results show that the collaborative decision rule has superior synergic effects as compared to the consultative decision rule. The ninety one groups working in a collaborative fashion made more rational choices (above and beyond the average rationality of their members) than the eighty five groups working in a consultative fashion. Moreover, the groups using a collaborative decision rule were closer to the rationality of their best member than groups using consultative decision rules. Nevertheless, on average groups did not outperformed their best member. Therefore, our results reveal how decision rules prescribing interpersonal interactions impact on the emergence of collective cognitive competencies. They also open potential venues for further research on the emergence of collective rationality in human decision-making groups.

The Effect of a History-Fitness Updating Rule on Evolutionary Games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Wen-Bo; Cao, Xian-Bin; Liu, Run-Ran; Jia, Chun-Xiao

In this paper, we introduce a history-fitness-based updating rule into the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) on square lattices, and study how it works on the evolution of cooperation level. Under this updating rule, the player i will firstly select player j from its direct neighbors at random and then compare their fitness which is determined by the current payoff and history fitness. If player i's fitness is larger than that of j, player i will be more likely to keep its own strategy. Numerical results show that the cooperation level is remarkably promoted by the history-fitness-based updating rule. Moreover, there exists a moderate mixing proportion of current payoff and history fitness that can induce the optimal fitness, where the highest cooperation level is obtained. Our work may shed some new light on the ubiquitous cooperative behaviors in nature and society induced by the history factor.

76 FR 82117 - Regulations Implementing the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act: Recreational Vessels

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-30

...This final rule contains regulations implementing amendments to the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA) by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), relating to the exclusion of certain recreational-vessel workers from the LHWCA's definition of ``employee.'' These regulations clarify both the definition of ``recreational vessel'' and those circumstances under which workers are excluded from LHWCA coverage when working on those vessels. The final rule also withdraws a proposed rule that would have codified current case law and the Department's longstanding view that employees are covered under the LHWCA so long as some of their work constitutes ``maritime employment'' within the meaning of the statute.

[On the necessity to prepare new "Rules for the organization and conduction of forensic biological examination and studies by the State Forensic Examination Boards of the Russian Federation"].

PubMed

Gusarov, A A

2010-01-01

The author substantiates the necessity to prepare new "Rules for the organization and conduction of forensic biological examination and studies by the State Forensic Examination Boards of the Russian Federation". Their long-term absence of the reviewed document has negatively influenced the quality of work of these facilities. The structure and contents of the three previous versions of the Rules for the study of material evidence (1934, 1956, and 1996) are analysed. The structure of the new variant is designed to optimize the work of forensic medical examination bureaus and the performance of relevant studies.

78 FR 35650 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-13

... this new AIM feature will function as described in rule filing SR-CBOE-2013- 048. B. Self-Regulatory... the necessary system work and perform sufficient testing to ensure that this new AIM feature functions... Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change Relating to Rule 6.74A June 7, 2013. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the...

The Use of Marking Rules in Semantic Systems. Working Papers of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 26.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geoghegan, William H.

This paper discusses the type of marking rule normally used in the production and interpretation of message forms for which semantic marking is possible. The structure and use of such rules is illustrated through a recent study of the semantics of personal address among the Balangingi' Samal, a Muslim group of the southern Philippines. The rule…

C4ISR Architecture Working Group (AWG), Architecture Framework Version 2.0.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-12-18

Vision Name Name/identifier of document that contains doctrine, goals, or vision Type Doctrine, goals, or vision Description Text summary description...e.g., organization, directive, order) Description Text summary of tasking •Rules, Criteria, or Conventions Name Name/identifier of document that...contains rules, criteria, or conventions Type One of: rules, criteria, or conventions Description Text summary description of contents or

Mathematical modelling of contact of ruled surfaces: theory and practical application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panchuk, K. L.; Niteyskiy, A. S.

2016-04-01

In the theory of ruled surfaces there are well known researches of contact of ruled surfaces along their common generator line (Klein image is often used [1]). In this paper we propose a study of contact of non developable ruled surfaces via the dual vector calculus. The advantages of this method have been demonstrated by E. Study, W. Blaschke and D. N. Zeiliger in differential geometry studies of ruled surfaces in space R3 over the algebra of dual numbers. A practical use of contact is demonstrated by the example modeling of the working surface of the progressive tool for tillage.

Category Learning Strategies in Younger and Older Adults: Rule Abstraction and Memorization

PubMed Central

Wahlheim, Christopher N.; McDaniel, Mark A.; Little, Jeri L.

2016-01-01

Despite the fundamental role of category learning in cognition, few studies have examined how this ability differs between younger and older adults. The present experiment examined possible age differences in category learning strategies and their effects on learning. Participants were trained on a category determined by a disjunctive rule applied to relational features. The utilization of rule- and exemplar-based strategies was indexed by self-reports and transfer performance. Based on self-reported strategies, both age groups had comparable frequencies of rule- and exemplar-based learners, but older adults had a higher frequency of intermediate learners (i.e., learners not identifying with a reliance on either rule- or exemplar-based strategies). Training performance was higher for younger than older adults regardless of the strategy utilized, showing that older adults were impaired in their ability to learn the correct rule or to remember exemplar-label associations. Transfer performance converged with strategy reports in showing higher fidelity category representations for younger adults. Younger adults with high working memory capacity were more likely to use an exemplar-based strategy, and older adults with high working memory capacity showed better training performance. Age groups did not differ in their self-reported memory beliefs, and these beliefs did not predict training strategies or performance. Overall, the present results contradict earlier findings that older adults prefer rule- to exemplar-based learning strategies, presumably to compensate for memory deficits. PMID:26950225

Enumeration of Ring–Chain Tautomers Based on SMIRKS Rules

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

A compound exhibits (prototropic) tautomerism if it can be represented by two or more structures that are related by a formal intramolecular movement of a hydrogen atom from one heavy atom position to another. When the movement of the proton is accompanied by the opening or closing of a ring it is called ring–chain tautomerism. This type of tautomerism is well observed in carbohydrates, but it also occurs in other molecules such as warfarin. In this work, we present an approach that allows for the generation of all ring–chain tautomers of a given chemical structure. Based on Baldwin’s Rules estimating the likelihood of ring closure reactions to occur, we have defined a set of transform rules covering the majority of ring–chain tautomerism cases. The rules automatically detect substructures in a given compound that can undergo a ring–chain tautomeric transformation. Each transformation is encoded in SMIRKS line notation. All work was implemented in the chemoinformatics toolkit CACTVS. We report on the application of our ring–chain tautomerism rules to a large database of commercially available screening samples in order to identify ring–chain tautomers. PMID:25158156

The Construct of Attention in Schizophrenia

PubMed Central

Luck, Steven J.; Gold, James M.

2008-01-01

Schizophrenia is widely thought to involve deficits of attention. However, the term attention can be defined so broadly that impaired performance on virtually any task could be construed as evidence for a deficit in attention, and this has slowed cumulative progress in understanding attention deficits in schizophrenia. To address this problem, we divide the general concept of attention into two distinct constructs: input selection, the selection of task-relevant inputs for further processing; and rule selection, the selective activation of task-appropriate rules. These constructs are closely tied to working memory, because input selection mechanisms are used to control the transfer of information into working memory and because working memory stores the rules used by rule selection mechanisms. These constructs are also closely tied to executive function, because executive systems are used to guide input selection and because rule selection is itself at key aspect of executive function. Within the domain of input selection, it is important to distinguish between the control of selection—the processes that guide attention to task-relevant inputs—and the implementation of selection—the processes that enhance the processing of the relevant inputs and suppress the irrelevant inputs. Current evidence suggests that schizophrenia involves a significant impairment in the control of selection but little or no impairment in the implementation of selection. Consequently, the CNTRICS participants agreed by consensus that attentional control should be a priority target for measurement and treatment research in schizophrenia. PMID:18374901

32 CFR 770.54 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES RULES LIMITING PUBLIC ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New... logistic support for assigned ships and service craft; to perform authorized work in connection with...

Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW): Final Air Toxics Rule Fact Sheets

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains an October 1999 fact sheet for the final NESHAP for POTW. This page also contains a December 2002 fact sheet with information regarding the new final amendments to the rule for the NESHAP.

Atmospheric Downscaling using Genetic Programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zerenner, Tanja; Venema, Victor; Simmer, Clemens

2013-04-01

Coupling models for the different components of the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-System requires up-and downscaling procedures. Subject of our work is the downscaling scheme used to derive high resolution forcing data for land-surface and subsurface models from coarser atmospheric model output. The current downscaling scheme [Schomburg et. al. 2010, 2012] combines a bi-quadratic spline interpolation, deterministic rules and autoregressive noise. For the development of the scheme, training and validation data sets have been created by carrying out high-resolution runs of the atmospheric model. The deterministic rules in this scheme are partly based on known physical relations and partly determined by an automated search for linear relationships between the high resolution fields of the atmospheric model output and high resolution data on surface characteristics. Up to now deterministic rules are available for downscaling surface pressure and partially, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, for near surface temperature and radiation. Aim of our work is to improve those rules and to find deterministic rules for the remaining variables, which require downscaling, e.g. precipitation or near surface specifc humidity. To accomplish that, we broaden the search by allowing for interdependencies between different atmospheric parameters, non-linear relations, non-local and time-lagged relations. To cope with the vast number of possible solutions, we use genetic programming, a method from machine learning, which is based on the principles of natural evolution. We are currently working with GPLAB, a Genetic Programming toolbox for Matlab. At first we have tested the GP system to retrieve the known physical rule for downscaling surface pressure, i.e. the hydrostatic equation, from our training data. We have found this to be a simple task to the GP system. Furthermore we have improved accuracy and efficiency of the GP solution by implementing constant variation and optimization as genetic operators. Next we have worked on an improvement of the downscaling rule for the two-meter-temperature. We have added an if-function with four input arguments to the function set. Since this has shown to increase bloat we have additionally modified our fitness function by including penalty terms for both the size of the solutions and the number intron nodes, i.e program parts that are never evaluated. Starting from the known downscaling rule for the two-meter temperature, which linearly exploits the orography anomalies allowed or disallowed by a certain temperature gradient, our GP system has been able to find an improvement. The rule produced by the GP clearly shows a better performance concerning the reproduced small-scale variability.

CARIBIAM: constrained Association Rules using Interactive Biological IncrementAl Mining.

PubMed

Rahal, Imad; Rahhal, Riad; Wang, Baoying; Perrizo, William

2008-01-01

This paper analyses annotated genome data by applying a very central data-mining technique known as Association Rule Mining (ARM) with the aim of discovering rules and hypotheses capable of yielding deeper insights into this type of data. In the literature, ARM has been noted for producing an overwhelming number of rules. This work proposes a new technique capable of using domain knowledge in the form of queries in order to efficiently mine only the subset of the associations that are of interest to investigators in an incremental and interactive manner.

Drug Plan Coverage Rules

MedlinePlus

... the first time Filling a prescription without your new plan card Costs for Medicare drug coverage Joining a health or drug plan How Part D works with other insurance Find health & drug plans Drug plan coverage rules Note Call your Medicare drug plan to find ...

14 CFR 91.501 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... (8) Passenger ground transportation. (9) Flight planning and weather contract services. (10) An... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine...) Ferry or training flights; (2) Aerial work operations such as aerial photography or survey, or pipeline...

14 CFR 91.501 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (8) Passenger ground transportation. (9) Flight planning and weather contract services. (10) An... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine...) Ferry or training flights; (2) Aerial work operations such as aerial photography or survey, or pipeline...

14 CFR 91.501 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... (8) Passenger ground transportation. (9) Flight planning and weather contract services. (10) An... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine...) Ferry or training flights; (2) Aerial work operations such as aerial photography or survey, or pipeline...

14 CFR 91.501 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... (8) Passenger ground transportation. (9) Flight planning and weather contract services. (10) An... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine...) Ferry or training flights; (2) Aerial work operations such as aerial photography or survey, or pipeline...

14 CFR 91.501 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... (8) Passenger ground transportation. (9) Flight planning and weather contract services. (10) An... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine...) Ferry or training flights; (2) Aerial work operations such as aerial photography or survey, or pipeline...

The Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Production-Rule Interpreter.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s) .Heinz M. McArthur 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK AREA & WORK UNIT...implementation of two prototype interpreters for Omega, an object-oriented, production- rule programming language. The first implementation is a throw- away...production-rule programming language. The first implementa- tion is a throw-away prototype written in LISP; the second implementation is a more complete

A Cognitive Architecture for Human Performance Process Model Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-11-01

individually defined, updatable world representation which is a description of the world as the operator knows it. It contains rules for decisions, an...operate it), and rules of engagement (knowledge about the operator’s expected behavior). The HPP model works in the following way. Information enters...based models depict the problem-solving processes of experts. The experts’ knowledge is represented in symbol structures, along with rules for

Antecedents and consequences of emotional display rule perceptions.

PubMed

Diefendorff, James M; Richard, Erin M

2003-04-01

Central to all theories of emotional labor is the idea that individuals follow emotional display rules that specify the appropriate expression of emotions on the job. This investigation examined antecedents and consequences of emotional display rule perceptions. Full-time working adults (N = 152) from a variety of occupations provided self-report data, and supervisors and coworkers completed measures pertaining to the focal employees. Results using structural equation modeling revealed that job-based interpersonal requirements, supervisor display rule perceptions, and employee extraversion and neuroticism were predictive of employee display rule perceptions. Employee display rule perceptions, in turn, were related to self-reported job satisfaction and coworker ratings of employees' emotional displays on the job. Finally, neuroticism had direct negative relationships with job satisfaction and coworker ratings of employees' emotional displays.

Mining knowledge from corpora: an application to retrieval and indexing.

PubMed

Soualmia, Lina F; Dahamna, Badisse; Darmoni, Stéfan

2008-01-01

The present work aims at discovering new associations between medical concepts to be exploited as input in retrieval and indexing. Association rules method is applied to documents. The process is carried out on three major document categories referring to e-health information consumers: health professionals, students and lay people. Association rules evaluation is founded on statistical measures combined with domain knowledge. Association rules represent existing relations between medical concepts (60.62%) and new knowledge (54.21%). Based on observations, 463 expert rules are defined by medical librarians for retrieval and indexing. Association rules bear out existing relations, produce new knowledge and support users and indexers in document retrieval and indexing.

Public Health and Politics: Using the Tax Code to Expand Advocacy.

PubMed

Gorovitz, Eric

2017-03-01

Protecting the public's health has always been an inherently political endeavor. The field of public health, however, is conspicuously and persistently absent from sustained, sophisticated engagement in political processes, particularly elections, that determine policy outcomes. This results, in large part, from widespread misunderstanding of rules governing how, and how much, public advocates working in tax-exempt organizations can participate in public policy development. This article briefly summarizes the rules governing public policy engagement by exempt organizations. It then describes different types of exempt organizations, and how they can work together to expand engagement. Next, it identifies several key mechanisms of policy development that public health advocates could influence. Finally, it suggests some methods of applying the tax rules to increase participation in these arenas.

29 CFR 1606.7 - Speak-English-only rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION GUIDELINES ON DISCRIMINATION... on national origin which could result in a discriminatory working environment. 7 Therefore, the... Commission will consider the employer's application of the rule as evidence of discrimination on the basis of...

29 CFR 1606.7 - Speak-English-only rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION GUIDELINES ON DISCRIMINATION... on national origin which could result in a discriminatory working environment. 7 Therefore, the... Commission will consider the employer's application of the rule as evidence of discrimination on the basis of...

29 CFR 1606.7 - Speak-English-only rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION GUIDELINES ON DISCRIMINATION... on national origin which could result in a discriminatory working environment. 7 Therefore, the... Commission will consider the employer's application of the rule as evidence of discrimination on the basis of...

29 CFR 1606.7 - Speak-English-only rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION GUIDELINES ON DISCRIMINATION... on national origin which could result in a discriminatory working environment. 7 Therefore, the... Commission will consider the employer's application of the rule as evidence of discrimination on the basis of...

29 CFR 1606.7 - Speak-English-only rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION GUIDELINES ON DISCRIMINATION... on national origin which could result in a discriminatory working environment. 7 Therefore, the... Commission will consider the employer's application of the rule as evidence of discrimination on the basis of...

Internal Federal Railroad Administration draft rulemaking document

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-03-08

THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFTOF THE RULE FOR PARTICULAR APPLICABILITY : FOR THE ORLANDO MAGLEV SYSTEM - IT IS STILL A WORKING DRAFT AND : IS BEING DISTRIBUTED SO THAT EVERYONE THAT IS PART OF DRAFTING : THIS RULE CAN HAVE ONE MORE OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW BO...

76 FR 2906 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Request for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

... burden under the Rule. As e-commerce continues to grow, it is likely that even more retailers are posting... half of the work required to comply with the Pre-Sale Availability Rule is clerical in nature, e.g...

A Queer Politics of Emotion: Reimagining Sexualities and Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neary, Aoife; Gray, Breda; O'Sullivan, Mary

2016-01-01

This paper draws together [Hochschild's (1979) "Emotion Work, Feeling Rules and Social Structure." "American Journal of Sociology" 85: 551-575; (1983) "The Managed Heart: Commercialisation of Human Feeling." London: University of California Press] concepts of "emotional labour" and "feeling rules"…

A novel way of integrating rule-based knowledge into a web ontology language framework.

PubMed

Gamberger, Dragan; Krstaçić, Goran; Jović, Alan

2013-01-01

Web ontology language (OWL), used in combination with the Protégé visual interface, is a modern standard for development and maintenance of ontologies and a powerful tool for knowledge presentation. In this work, we describe a novel possibility to use OWL also for the conceptualization of knowledge presented by a set of rules. In this approach, rules are represented as a hierarchy of actionable classes with necessary and sufficient conditions defined by the description logic formalism. The advantages are that: the set of the rules is not an unordered set anymore, the concepts defined in descriptive ontologies can be used directly in the bodies of rules, and Protégé presents an intuitive tool for editing the set of rules. Standard ontology reasoning processes are not applicable in this framework, but experiments conducted on the rule sets have demonstrated that the reasoning problems can be successfully solved.

Adaptive decision rules for the acquisition of nature reserves.

PubMed

Turner, Will R; Wilcove, David S

2006-04-01

Although reserve-design algorithms have shown promise for increasing the efficiency of conservation planning, recent work casts doubt on the usefulness of some of these approaches in practice. Using three data sets that vary widely in size and complexity, we compared various decision rules for acquiring reserve networks over multiyear periods. We explored three factors that are often important in real-world conservation efforts: uncertain availability of sites for acquisition, degradation of sites, and overall budget constraints. We evaluated the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing optimal and heuristic decision rules and developed a new set of adaptive decision rules that combine the strengths of existing optimal and heuristic approaches. All three of the new adaptive rules performed better than the existing rules we tested under virtually all scenarios of site availability, site degradation, and budget constraints. Moreover, the adaptive rules required no additional data beyond what was readily available and were relatively easy to compute.

Integrated layout based Monte-Carlo simulation for design arc optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Dongbing; Clevenger, Larry; Zhuang, Lei; Liebmann, Lars; Wong, Robert; Culp, James

2016-03-01

Design rules are created considering a wafer fail mechanism with the relevant design levels under various design cases, and the values are set to cover the worst scenario. Because of the simplification and generalization, design rule hinders, rather than helps, dense device scaling. As an example, SRAM designs always need extensive ground rule waivers. Furthermore, dense design also often involves "design arc", a collection of design rules, the sum of which equals critical pitch defined by technology. In design arc, a single rule change can lead to chain reaction of other rule violations. In this talk we present a methodology using Layout Based Monte-Carlo Simulation (LBMCS) with integrated multiple ground rule checks. We apply this methodology on SRAM word line contact, and the result is a layout that has balanced wafer fail risks based on Process Assumptions (PAs). This work was performed at the IBM Microelectronics Div, Semiconductor Research and Development Center, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533

20 CFR 10.500 - What are the basic rules governing continuing receipt of compensation benefits and return to work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... work? (a) Benefits are available only while the effects of a work-related condition continue... work is available within the employee's demonstrated commuting area and the employee's qualifications...

20 CFR 10.500 - What are the basic rules governing continuing receipt of compensation benefits and return to work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... work? (a) Benefits are available only while the effects of a work-related condition continue... work is available within the employee's demonstrated commuting area and the employee's qualifications...

20 CFR 10.500 - What are the basic rules governing continuing receipt of compensation benefits and return to work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... work? (a) Benefits are available only while the effects of a work-related condition continue... work is available within the employee's demonstrated commuting area and the employee's qualifications...

20 CFR 10.500 - What are the basic rules governing continuing receipt of compensation benefits and return to work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... work? (a) Benefits are available only while the effects of a work-related condition continue... current physical limitations, whether the work is available within the employee's demonstrated commuting...

20 CFR 10.500 - What are the basic rules governing continuing receipt of compensation benefits and return to work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... work? (a) Benefits are available only while the effects of a work-related condition continue... current physical limitations, whether the work is available within the employee's demonstrated commuting...

Ionic force field optimization based on single-ion and ion-pair solvation properties: Going beyond standard mixing rules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fyta, Maria; Netz, Roland R.

2012-03-01

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with the SPC/E water model, we optimize ionic force-field parameters for seven different halide and alkali ions, considering a total of eight ion-pairs. Our strategy is based on simultaneous optimizing single-ion and ion-pair properties, i.e., we first fix ion-water parameters based on single-ion solvation free energies, and in a second step determine the cation-anion interaction parameters (traditionally given by mixing or combination rules) based on the Kirkwood-Buff theory without modification of the ion-water interaction parameters. In doing so, we have introduced scaling factors for the cation-anion Lennard-Jones (LJ) interaction that quantify deviations from the standard mixing rules. For the rather size-symmetric salt solutions involving bromide and chloride ions, the standard mixing rules work fine. On the other hand, for the iodide and fluoride solutions, corresponding to the largest and smallest anion considered in this work, a rescaling of the mixing rules was necessary. For iodide, the experimental activities suggest more tightly bound ion pairing than given by the standard mixing rules, which is achieved in simulations by reducing the scaling factor of the cation-anion LJ energy. For fluoride, the situation is different and the simulations show too large attraction between fluoride and cations when compared with experimental data. For NaF, the situation can be rectified by increasing the cation-anion LJ energy. For KF, it proves necessary to increase the effective cation-anion Lennard-Jones diameter. The optimization strategy outlined in this work can be easily adapted to different kinds of ions.

We don't need another hero.

PubMed

Badaracco, J L

2001-09-01

Everybody loves the stories of heroes like Martin Luther King, Jr., Mother Teresa, and Gandhi. But the heroic model of moral leadership usually doesn't work in the corporate world. Modesty and restraint are largely responsible for the achievements of the most effective moral leaders in business. The author, a specialist in business ethics, says the quiet leaders he has studied follow four basic rules in meeting ethical challenges and making decisions. The rules constitute an important resource for executives who want to encourage the development of such leaders among their middle managers. The first rule is "Put things off till tomorrow." The passage of time allows turbulent waters to calm and lets leaders' moral instincts emerge. "Pick your battles" means that quiet leaders don't waste political capital on fights they can't win; they save it for occasions when they really want to fight. "Bend the rules, don't break them" sounds easier than it is--bending the rules in order to resolve a complicated situation requires imagination, discipline, restraint, flexibility, and entrepreneurship. The fourth rule, "Find a compromise," reflects the author's finding that quiet leaders try not to see situations as polarized tests of ethical principles. These individuals work hard to craft compromises that are "good enough"--responsible and workable enough--to satisfy themselves, their companies, and their customers. The vast majority of difficult problems are solved through the consistent striving of people working far from the limelight. Their quiet approach to leadership doesn't inspire, thrill, or provide story lines for uplifting TV shows. But the unglamorous efforts of quiet leaders make a tremendous difference every day in the corporate world.

Exposure to secondhand smoke and voluntary adoption of smoke-free home and car rules among non-smoking South African adults

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a well-established health hazard. To determine the effectiveness of existing smoke-free policies and adoption of smoke-free rules in South Africa, we assessed exposure to SHS from several sources among non-smoking adults during 2010. Methods Data were analyzed for 3,094 adults aged ≥16 years who participated in the 2010 South African Social Attitudes Survey. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were used to assess presence of smoke-free rules among all South Africans, and prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at work, at home, and at hospitality venues among non-smokers. Results Overall, 70.6% of all South African adults had 100% smoke-free rules in their private cars, 62.5% in their homes, while 63.9% worked in places with 100% smoke-free policies. Overall, 55.9% of all non-smokers reported exposure to SHS from at least one source (i.e., in the home, workplace or at a hospitality venue). By specific source of exposure, 18.4% reported being exposed to SHS at work, 25.2% at home, 33.4% in a restaurant, and 32.7% at a bar. Presence of work bans on indoor smoking conferred lower likelihood of SHS exposure at work among non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.60). Similarly, smoke-free home rules decreased the odds of being exposed to SHS at home among non-smokers (aOR =0.16; 95% CI: 0.09-0.30). Conclusion Over half of South African adults reported SHS exposure in the home or at public places such as the workplace and at hospitality venues. This underscores the need for comprehensive smoke-free laws that prohibit smoking in all public indoor areas without exemptions. PMID:24913038

Exposure to secondhand smoke and voluntary adoption of smoke-free home and car rules among non-smoking South African adults.

PubMed

Ayo-Yusuf, Olalekan A; Olufajo, Olubode; Agaku, Israel T

2014-06-10

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a well-established health hazard. To determine the effectiveness of existing smoke-free policies and adoption of smoke-free rules in South Africa, we assessed exposure to SHS from several sources among non-smoking adults during 2010. Data were analyzed for 3,094 adults aged ≥16 years who participated in the 2010 South African Social Attitudes Survey. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were used to assess presence of smoke-free rules among all South Africans, and prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at work, at home, and at hospitality venues among non-smokers. Overall, 70.6% of all South African adults had 100% smoke-free rules in their private cars, 62.5% in their homes, while 63.9% worked in places with 100% smoke-free policies. Overall, 55.9% of all non-smokers reported exposure to SHS from at least one source (i.e., in the home, workplace or at a hospitality venue). By specific source of exposure, 18.4% reported being exposed to SHS at work, 25.2% at home, 33.4% in a restaurant, and 32.7% at a bar. Presence of work bans on indoor smoking conferred lower likelihood of SHS exposure at work among non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.60). Similarly, smoke-free home rules decreased the odds of being exposed to SHS at home among non-smokers (aOR =0.16; 95% CI: 0.09-0.30). Over half of South African adults reported SHS exposure in the home or at public places such as the workplace and at hospitality venues. This underscores the need for comprehensive smoke-free laws that prohibit smoking in all public indoor areas without exemptions.

Architecture For The Optimization Of A Machining Process In Real Time Through Rule-Based Expert System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serrano, Rafael; González, Luis Carlos; Martín, Francisco Jesús

2009-11-01

Under the project SENSOR-IA which has had financial funding from the Order of Incentives to the Regional Technology Centers of the Counsil of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of Andalusia, an architecture for the optimization of a machining process in real time through rule-based expert system has been developed. The architecture consists of an acquisition system and sensor data processing engine (SATD) from an expert system (SE) rule-based which communicates with the SATD. The SE has been designed as an inference engine with an algorithm for effective action, using a modus ponens rule model of goal-oriented rules.The pilot test demonstrated that it is possible to govern in real time the machining process based on rules contained in a SE. The tests have been done with approximated rules. Future work includes an exhaustive collection of data with different tool materials and geometries in a database to extract more precise rules.

Service without a smile: comparing the consequences of neutral and positive display rules.

PubMed

Trougakos, John P; Jackson, Christine L; Beal, Daniel J

2011-03-01

We used an experimental design to examine the intrapersonal and interpersonal processes through which neutral display rules, compared to positive display rules, influence objective task performance of poll workers and ratings provided by survey respondents of the poll workers. Student participants (N = 140) were trained to adhere to 1 of the 2 display rule conditions while delivering opinion surveys to potential patrons of an organization during a 40-min period. Results showed that, compared to positive display rules, neutral display rules resulted in less task persistence and greater avoidance behavior. These effects were mediated through a greater use of expression suppression. In addition, neutral display rules resulted in less positive respondent mood, which accounted for lower ratings of service quality and of overall favorability attitudes toward the sponsoring organization. The importance and ubiquity of neutral display rules are discussed, given the potential for positive and negative consequences at work. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

How synapses can enhance sensibility of a neural network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Protachevicz, P. R.; Borges, F. S.; Iarosz, K. C.; Caldas, I. L.; Baptista, M. S.; Viana, R. L.; Lameu, E. L.; Macau, E. E. N.; Batista, A. M.

2018-02-01

In this work, we study the dynamic range in a neural network modelled by cellular automaton. We consider deterministic and non-deterministic rules to simulate electrical and chemical synapses. Chemical synapses have an intrinsic time-delay and are susceptible to parameter variations guided by learning Hebbian rules of behaviour. The learning rules are related to neuroplasticity that describes change to the neural connections in the brain. Our results show that chemical synapses can abruptly enhance sensibility of the neural network, a manifestation that can become even more predominant if learning rules of evolution are applied to the chemical synapses.

False Position, Double False Position and Cramer's Rule

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boman, Eugene

2009-01-01

We state and prove the methods of False Position (Regula Falsa) and Double False Position (Regula Duorum Falsorum). The history of both is traced from ancient Egypt and China through the work of Fibonacci, ending with a connection between Double False Position and Cramer's Rule.

14 CFR 91.1433 - CAMP: Maintenance and preventive maintenance training program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1433 CAMP: Maintenance and preventive... each person (including inspection personnel) who determines the adequacy of work done is fully informed...

Relationships between lattice energies of inorganic ionic solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaya, Savaş

2018-06-01

Lattice energy, which is a measure of the stabilities of inorganic ionic solids, is the energy required to decompose a solid into its constituent independent gaseous ions. In the present work, the relationships between lattice energies of many diatomic and triatomic inorganic ionic solids are revealed and a simple rule that can be used for the prediction of the lattice energies of inorganic ionic solids is introduced. According to this rule, the lattice energy of an AB molecule can be predicted with the help of the lattice energies of AX, BY and XY molecules in agreement with the experimental data. This rule is valid for not only diatomic molecules but also triatomic molecules. The lattice energy equations proposed in this rule provides compatible results with previously published lattice energy equations by Jenkins, Kaya, Born-Lande, Born-Mayer, Kapustinskii and Reddy. For a large set of tested molecules, calculated percent standard deviation values considering experimental data and the results of the equations proposed in this work are in general between %1-2%.

The effect of negative performance stereotypes on learning.

PubMed

Rydell, Robert J; Rydell, Michael T; Boucher, Kathryn L

2010-12-01

Stereotype threat (ST) research has focused exclusively on how negative group stereotypes reduce performance. The present work examines if pejorative stereotypes about women in math inhibit their ability to learn the mathematical rules and operations necessary to solve math problems. In Experiment 1, women experiencing ST had difficulty encoding math-related information into memory and, therefore, learned fewer mathematical rules and showed poorer math performance than did controls. In Experiment 2, women experiencing ST while learning modular arithmetic (MA) performed more poorly than did controls on easy MA problems; this effect was due to reduced learning of the mathematical operations underlying MA. In Experiment 3, ST reduced women's, but not men's, ability to learn abstract mathematical rules and to transfer these rules to a second, isomorphic task. This work provides the first evidence that negative stereotypes about women in math reduce their level of mathematical learning and demonstrates that reduced learning due to stereotype threat can lead to poorer performance in negatively stereotyped domains. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

Strong support for relocation to other work tasks: A cross-sectional study of attitudes to sickness insurance regulations in Sweden.

PubMed

Hensing, G; Holmgren, K; Rohdén, H

2015-01-01

Profound changes are taking place in the Swedish welfare state. The general population's attitudes are important insofar changes will be perceived as fair and effective to become implemented. The aim was to study attitudes to the strictness of the sick-leave rules, relocation to other work tasks after 3 months of sick leave and applications for new jobs after 6 months of sick leave. Eligible for this questionnaire study were 1,140 individuals aged 19 to 64 years. Their attitudes were analyzed in relation to age, gender, political ideology and health status. Health status was measured as sick-leave experiences, self-reported health and level of symptoms. Showed that 42% considered the sick-leave rules to be too strict, 60% found relocation to other work tasks to be good while 35% found that applications for new work were good. In logistic regression analyses, high sick-leave experience was associated with increased odds of finding the sick-leave rules too strict and disagreement with relocation to other work tasks or application for new jobs. In conclusion, strong support was found for relocation to other work tasks with the present employer. Earlier research on returning to work has found workplace interventions to be efficient. From a policy perspective it seems relevant to promote such interventions given the strong public opinion in their favor.

Patient comes back to ED in scrubs and works an entire shift as a temp.

PubMed

2007-05-01

A former patient in a Tampa, FL, ED, returned to the department in scrubs, claimed to be a temp, and was allowed to work despite not having any ID. To avoid similar problems, your ED should have a well-defined set of rules for people who report for work without an ID and/or do not demonstrate the requisite skills to treat patients. No badge, no work" is a good rule, unless the person is well known to you. All ED staff, including physicians and ancillary workers, should be prepared to produce photo ID immediately upon request. If staff cannot reach you, they should be encouraged to report interlopers to security or local police, as they are guilty of trespassing.

40 CFR 52.2352 - Change to approved plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) rule R307-1-8, Asbestos Work Practices, Contractor Certification, AHERA Accreditation and AHERA Implementation, is removed from Utah's approved State Implementation Plan (SIP). This rule language pertains to... plan. (a) Utah Air Conservation Regulation R307-18-1, New Source Performance Standards, is removed from...

Association-rule-based tuberculosis disease diagnosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asha, T.; Natarajan, S.; Murthy, K. N. B.

2010-02-01

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually spreads through the air and attacks low immune bodies such as patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This work focuses on finding close association rules, a promising technique in Data Mining, within TB data. The proposed method first normalizes of raw data from medical records which includes categorical, nominal and continuous attributes and then determines Association Rules from the normalized data with different support and confidence. Association rules are applied on a real data set containing medical records of patients with TB obtained from a state hospital. The rules determined describes close association between one symptom to another; as an example, likelihood that an occurrence of sputum is closely associated with blood cough and HIV.

Pillars of judgment: how memory abilities affect performance in rule-based and exemplar-based judgments.

PubMed

Hoffmann, Janina A; von Helversen, Bettina; Rieskamp, Jörg

2014-12-01

Making accurate judgments is an essential skill in everyday life. Although how different memory abilities relate to categorization and judgment processes has been hotly debated, the question is far from resolved. We contribute to the solution by investigating how individual differences in memory abilities affect judgment performance in 2 tasks that induced rule-based or exemplar-based judgment strategies. In a study with 279 participants, we investigated how working memory and episodic memory affect judgment accuracy and strategy use. As predicted, participants switched strategies between tasks. Furthermore, structural equation modeling showed that the ability to solve rule-based tasks was predicted by working memory, whereas episodic memory predicted judgment accuracy in the exemplar-based task. Last, the probability of choosing an exemplar-based strategy was related to better episodic memory, but strategy selection was unrelated to working memory capacity. In sum, our results suggest that different memory abilities are essential for successfully adopting different judgment strategies. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

49 CFR 214.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... performance of work on railroad bridges. (b) This subpart prescribes minimum railroad safety rules for... contractors performing work on railroad bridges. (d) Any working conditions involving the protection of railroad employees working on railroad bridges not within the subject matter addressed by this chapter...

Learning to use working memory: a reinforcement learning gating model of rule acquisition in rats

PubMed Central

Lloyd, Kevin; Becker, Nadine; Jones, Matthew W.; Bogacz, Rafal

2012-01-01

Learning to form appropriate, task-relevant working memory representations is a complex process central to cognition. Gating models frame working memory as a collection of past observations and use reinforcement learning (RL) to solve the problem of when to update these observations. Investigation of how gating models relate to brain and behavior remains, however, at an early stage. The current study sought to explore the ability of simple RL gating models to replicate rule learning behavior in rats. Rats were trained in a maze-based spatial learning task that required animals to make trial-by-trial choices contingent upon their previous experience. Using an abstract version of this task, we tested the ability of two gating algorithms, one based on the Actor-Critic and the other on the State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA) algorithm, to generate behavior consistent with the rats'. Both models produced rule-acquisition behavior consistent with the experimental data, though only the SARSA gating model mirrored faster learning following rule reversal. We also found that both gating models learned multiple strategies in solving the initial task, a property which highlights the multi-agent nature of such models and which is of importance in considering the neural basis of individual differences in behavior. PMID:23115551

Memories of an Aid Worker

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daoust, Isabelle

2010-01-01

The author had come to Cote d'Ivoire in April 1999 to work for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), an independent humanitarian organization dedicated to persuading governments to respect the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL), which are found in the Geneva Conventions. These rules provide impartial protection for the…

32 CFR 776.29 - Imputed disqualification: General rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Imputed disqualification: General rule. 776.29... inferences, deductions, or working presumptions that reasonably may be made about the way in which covered... interests of another. When such independence is lacking or unlikely, representation cannot be zealous. (5...

32 CFR 776.29 - Imputed disqualification: General rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Imputed disqualification: General rule. 776.29... inferences, deductions, or working presumptions that reasonably may be made about the way in which covered... interests of another. When such independence is lacking or unlikely, representation cannot be zealous. (5...

18 CFR 12.38 - Time for inspections and reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROJECT WORKS Inspection by Independent Consultant § 12.38 Time for inspections and reports. (a) General rule. After the initial inspection and report under this subpart for a project development, a new... before March 1, 1981 in compliance with the Commission's rules then in effect is deemed to fulfill the...

46 CFR 174.355 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC VESSEL TYPES Special Rules Pertaining to Dry Cargo Ships § 174.355 Definitions. New ship means a... absence of a contract, the construction work of which is begun on or after August 1, 1992; or (iii) Which...

26 CFR 1.401(a)(4)-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Composition-of-work-force method. (3) Minimum-benefit method. (4) Grandfather rules for plans in existence on... allocation rates. (3) Safe harbor testing method for cash balance plans. (d) Safe-harbor testing method for...-crediting period. (e) Family aggregation rules. [Reserved] (f) Governmental plans. [Reserved] (g) Corrective...

77 FR 58527 - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-21

... Shrimp and Special Reef Fish Scientific and Statistical Committees (SSC), including a joint session of... Socioeconomic Scientific and Statistical Committee. DATES: The Standing, Special Shrimp and Special Reef Fish... the ABC Control Rule Working Group on revisions to the ABC control rule implemented in January 2012...

45 CFR 680.11 - Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.11 Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards. (a)(1) Many scientists... field of science, engineering, or education, notwithstanding that the focus of the work may change in...

45 CFR 680.11 - Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.11 Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards. (a)(1) Many scientists... field of science, engineering, or education, notwithstanding that the focus of the work may change in...

45 CFR 680.11 - Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.11 Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards. (a)(1) Many scientists... field of science, engineering, or education, notwithstanding that the focus of the work may change in...

45 CFR 680.11 - Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.11 Staff involvement with NSF proposals and awards. (a)(1) Many scientists... field of science, engineering, or education, notwithstanding that the focus of the work may change in...

Category learning strategies in younger and older adults: Rule abstraction and memorization.

PubMed

Wahlheim, Christopher N; McDaniel, Mark A; Little, Jeri L

2016-06-01

Despite the fundamental role of category learning in cognition, few studies have examined how this ability differs between younger and older adults. The present experiment examined possible age differences in category learning strategies and their effects on learning. Participants were trained on a category determined by a disjunctive rule applied to relational features. The utilization of rule- and exemplar-based strategies was indexed by self-reports and transfer performance. Based on self-reported strategies, the frequencies of rule- and exemplar-based learners were not significantly different between age groups, but there was a significantly higher frequency of intermediate learners (i.e., learners not identifying with a reliance on either rule- or exemplar-based strategies) in the older than younger adult group. Training performance was higher for younger than older adults regardless of the strategy utilized, showing that older adults were impaired in their ability to learn the correct rule or to remember exemplar-label associations. Transfer performance converged with strategy reports in showing higher fidelity category representations for younger adults. Younger adults with high working memory capacity were more likely to use an exemplar-based strategy, and older adults with high working memory capacity showed better training performance. Age groups did not differ in their self-reported memory beliefs, and these beliefs did not predict training strategies or performance. Overall, the present results contradict earlier findings that older adults prefer rule- to exemplar-based learning strategies, presumably to compensate for memory deficits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Enhancing Scheduling Performance for a Wafer Fabrication Factory: The Biobjective Slack-Diversifying Nonlinear Fluctuation-Smoothing Rule

PubMed Central

Chen, Toly; Wang, Yu Cheng

2012-01-01

A biobjective slack-diversifying nonlinear fluctuation-smoothing rule (biSDNFS) is proposed in the present work to improve the scheduling performance of a wafer fabrication factory. This rule was derived from a one-factor bi-objective nonlinear fluctuation-smoothing rule (1f-biNFS) by dynamically maximizing the standard deviation of the slack, which has been shown to benefit scheduling performance by several previous studies. The efficacy of the biSDNFS was validated with a simulated case; evidence was found to support its effectiveness. We also suggested several directions in which it can be exploited in the future. PMID:23509446

On the Universality and Non-Universality of Spiking Neural P Systems With Rules on Synapses.

PubMed

Song, Tao; Xu, Jinbang; Pan, Linqiang

2015-12-01

Spiking neural P systems with rules on synapses are a new variant of spiking neural P systems. In the systems, the neuron contains only spikes, while the spiking/forgetting rules are moved on the synapses. It was obtained that such system with 30 neurons (using extended spiking rules) or with 39 neurons (using standard spiking rules) is Turing universal. In this work, this number is improved to 6. Specifically, we construct a Turing universal spiking neural P system with rules on synapses having 6 neurons, which can generate any set of Turing computable natural numbers. As well, it is obtained that spiking neural P system with rules on synapses having less than two neurons are not Turing universal: i) such systems having one neuron can characterize the family of finite sets of natural numbers; ii) the family of sets of numbers generated by the systems having two neurons is included in the family of semi-linear sets of natural numbers.

From data mining rules to medical logical modules and medical advices.

PubMed

Gomoi, Valentin; Vida, Mihaela; Robu, Raul; Stoicu-Tivadar, Vasile; Bernad, Elena; Lupşe, Oana

2013-01-01

Using data mining in collaboration with Clinical Decision Support Systems adds new knowledge as support for medical diagnosis. The current work presents a tool which translates data mining rules supporting generation of medical advices to Arden Syntax formalism. The developed system was tested with data related to 2326 births that took place in 2010 at the Bega Obstetrics - Gynaecology Hospital, Timişoara. Based on processing these data, 14 medical rules regarding the Apgar score were generated and then translated in Arden Syntax language.

Learning general phonological rules from distributional information: a computational model.

PubMed

Calamaro, Shira; Jarosz, Gaja

2015-04-01

Phonological rules create alternations in the phonetic realizations of related words. These rules must be learned by infants in order to identify the phonological inventory, the morphological structure, and the lexicon of a language. Recent work proposes a computational model for the learning of one kind of phonological alternation, allophony (Peperkamp, Le Calvez, Nadal, & Dupoux, 2006). This paper extends the model to account for learning of a broader set of phonological alternations and the formalization of these alternations as general rules. In Experiment 1, we apply the original model to new data in Dutch and demonstrate its limitations in learning nonallophonic rules. In Experiment 2, we extend the model to allow it to learn general rules for alternations that apply to a class of segments. In Experiment 3, the model is further extended to allow for generalization by context; we argue that this generalization must be constrained by linguistic principles. Copyright © 2014 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Extracting Cross-Ontology Weighted Association Rules from Gene Ontology Annotations.

PubMed

Agapito, Giuseppe; Milano, Marianna; Guzzi, Pietro Hiram; Cannataro, Mario

2016-01-01

Gene Ontology (GO) is a structured repository of concepts (GO Terms) that are associated to one or more gene products through a process referred to as annotation. The analysis of annotated data is an important opportunity for bioinformatics. There are different approaches of analysis, among those, the use of association rules (AR) which provides useful knowledge, discovering biologically relevant associations between terms of GO, not previously known. In a previous work, we introduced GO-WAR (Gene Ontology-based Weighted Association Rules), a methodology for extracting weighted association rules from ontology-based annotated datasets. We here adapt the GO-WAR algorithm to mine cross-ontology association rules, i.e., rules that involve GO terms present in the three sub-ontologies of GO. We conduct a deep performance evaluation of GO-WAR by mining publicly available GO annotated datasets, showing how GO-WAR outperforms current state of the art approaches.

A Decision Making Methodology in Support of the Business Rules Lifecycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wild, Christopher; Rosca, Daniela

1998-01-01

The business rules that underlie an enterprise emerge as a new category of system requirements that represent decisions about how to run the business, and which are characterized by their business-orientation and their propensity for change. In this report, we introduce a decision making methodology which addresses several aspects of the business rules lifecycle: acquisition, deployment and evolution. We describe a meta-model for representing business rules in terms of an enterprise model, and also a decision support submodel for reasoning about and deriving the rules. The possibility for lifecycle automated assistance is demonstrated in terms of the automatic extraction of business rules from the decision structure. A system based on the metamodel has been implemented, including the extraction algorithm. This is the final report for Daniela Rosca's PhD fellowship. It describes the work we have done over the past year, current research and the list of publications associated with her thesis topic.

Hangovers

MedlinePlus

... hangovers are also associated with poor performance and conflict at work. As a general rule, the more ... or work, such as: Absenteeism Trouble completing tasks Conflict with others Falling asleep at school or on ...

OSHA standard for medical surveillance of hazardous waste workers.

PubMed

Melius, J M

1990-01-01

The increasing amount of work involving hazardous waste sites and the heavy involvement of the federal and state governments in this work have led to the gradual development of guidelines and standards providing for occupational safety and health programs for these sites. On March 6, 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration published its final rule governing occupational safety and health matters at hazardous waste sites and emergency operations. This rule is currently scheduled to take effect on March 6, 1990. This chapter will briefly describe this regulation, particularly its medical surveillance requirements.

75 FR 9544 - Inmate Work and Performance Pay Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

... inmate may receive performance pay only for that portion of the month that the inmate was working... Inmate Work and Performance Pay Program AGENCY: Bureau of Prisons, Justice. ACTION: Proposed rule... work and performance pay by removing redundant language and provisions that relate solely to staff...

46 CFR 44.300 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Rules for Assigning Working Freeboards to Hopper Dredges § 44.300 Applicability. This subpart applies to each self-propelled hopper dredge— (a) For which a working freeboard assignment is desired after...

46 CFR 44.300 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Rules for Assigning Working Freeboards to Hopper Dredges § 44.300 Applicability. This subpart applies to each self-propelled hopper dredge— (a) For which a working freeboard assignment is desired after...

20 CFR 332.3 - Mileage and work restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mileage and work restrictions. 332.3 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.3 Mileage and work... solely because of the application to him of a mileage or work restriction agreed upon in a written...

46 CFR 44.330 - Obtaining working freeboards for hopper dredges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Obtaining working freeboards for hopper dredges. 44.330... SERVICE LIMITED DOMESTIC VOYAGES Rules for Assigning Working Freeboards to Hopper Dredges § 44.330 Obtaining working freeboards for hopper dredges. A hopper dredge may be issued a working freeboard on a...

46 CFR 44.330 - Obtaining working freeboards for hopper dredges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Obtaining working freeboards for hopper dredges. 44.330... SERVICE LIMITED DOMESTIC VOYAGES Rules for Assigning Working Freeboards to Hopper Dredges § 44.330 Obtaining working freeboards for hopper dredges. A hopper dredge may be issued a working freeboard on a...

Determining rules for closing customer service centers: A public utility company's fuzzy decision

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dekorvin, Andre; Shipley, Margaret F.; Lea, Robert N.

1992-01-01

In the present work, we consider the general problem of knowledge acquisition under uncertainty. Simply stated, the problem reduces to the following: how can we capture the knowledge of an expert when the expert is unable to clearly formulate how he or she arrives at a decision? A commonly used method is to learn by examples. We observe how the expert solves specific cases and from this infer some rules by which the decision may have been made. Unique to our work is the fuzzy set representation of the conditions or attributes upon which the expert may possibly base his fuzzy decision. From our examples, we infer certain and possible fuzzy rules for closing a customer service center and illustrate the importance of having the decision closely relate to the conditions under consideration.

Theoretical insight into an empirical rule about organic corrosion inhibitors containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Lei; Obot, Ime Bassey; Zheng, Xingwen; Shen, Xun; Qiang, Yujie; Kaya, Savaş; Kaya, Cemal

2017-06-01

Steel is an important material in industry. Adding heterocyclic organic compounds have proved to be very efficient for steel protection. There exists an empirical rule that the general trend in the inhibition efficiencies of molecules containing heteroatoms is such that O < N < S. However, an atomic-level insight into the inhibition mechanism is still lacked. Thus, in this work, density functional theory calculations was used to investigate the adsorption of three typical heterocyclic molecules, i.e., pyrrole, furan, and thiophene, on Fe(110) surface. The approach is illustrated by carrying out geometric optimization of inhibitors on the stable and most exposed plane of α-Fe. Some salient features such as charge density difference, changes of work function, density of states were detailedly described. The present study is helpful to understand the afore-mentioned experiment rule.

Multiple approaches to fine-grained indexing of the biomedical literature.

PubMed

Neveol, Aurelie; Shooshan, Sonya E; Humphrey, Susanne M; Rindflesh, Thomas C; Aronson, Alan R

2007-01-01

The number of articles in the MEDLINE database is expected to increase tremendously in the coming years. To ensure that all these documents are indexed with continuing high quality, it is necessary to develop tools and methods that help the indexers in their daily task. We present three methods addressing a novel aspect of automatic indexing of the biomedical literature, namely producing MeSH main heading/subheading pair recommendations. The methods, (dictionary-based, post- processing rules and Natural Language Processing rules) are described and evaluated on a genetics-related corpus. The best overall performance is obtained for the subheading genetics (70% precision and 17% recall with post-processing rules, 48% precision and 37% recall with the dictionary-based method). Future work will address extending this work to all MeSH subheadings and a more thorough study of method combination.

Simple methods of exploiting the underlying structure of rule-based systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hendler, James

1986-01-01

Much recent work in the field of expert systems research has aimed at exploiting the underlying structures of the rule base for reasons of analysis. Such techniques as Petri-nets and GAGs have been proposed as representational structures that will allow complete analysis. Much has been made of proving isomorphisms between the rule bases and the mechanisms, and in examining the theoretical power of this analysis. In this paper we describe some early work in a new system which has much simpler (and thus, one hopes, more easily achieved) aims and less formality. The technique being examined is a very simple one: OPS5 programs are analyzed in a purely syntactic way and a FSA description is generated. In this paper we describe the technique and some user interface tools which exploit this structure.

An Analysis Pipeline with Statistical and Visualization-Guided Knowledge Discovery for Michigan-Style Learning Classifier Systems

PubMed Central

Urbanowicz, Ryan J.; Granizo-Mackenzie, Ambrose; Moore, Jason H.

2014-01-01

Michigan-style learning classifier systems (M-LCSs) represent an adaptive and powerful class of evolutionary algorithms which distribute the learned solution over a sizable population of rules. However their application to complex real world data mining problems, such as genetic association studies, has been limited. Traditional knowledge discovery strategies for M-LCS rule populations involve sorting and manual rule inspection. While this approach may be sufficient for simpler problems, the confounding influence of noise and the need to discriminate between predictive and non-predictive attributes calls for additional strategies. Additionally, tests of significance must be adapted to M-LCS analyses in order to make them a viable option within fields that require such analyses to assess confidence. In this work we introduce an M-LCS analysis pipeline that combines uniquely applied visualizations with objective statistical evaluation for the identification of predictive attributes, and reliable rule generalizations in noisy single-step data mining problems. This work considers an alternative paradigm for knowledge discovery in M-LCSs, shifting the focus from individual rules to a global, population-wide perspective. We demonstrate the efficacy of this pipeline applied to the identification of epistasis (i.e., attribute interaction) and heterogeneity in noisy simulated genetic association data. PMID:25431544

Work zone performance monitoring application development, research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-01

In 2004, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) updated the work zone regulations to encourage the collection and use of work zone safety and mobility data (23 CFR 630 Subpart J). The new rule essentially requires agencies to use data to generate ...

Making residency work hour rules work.

PubMed

Cohen, I Glenn; Czeisler, Charles A; Landrigan, Christopher P

2013-01-01

In July 2011, the ACGME implemented new rules that limit interns to 16 hours of work in a row, but continue to allow 2nd-year and higher resident physicians to work for up to 28 consecutive hours. Whether the ACGME's 2011 work hour limits went too far or did not go far enough has been hotly debated. In this article, we do not seek to re-open the debate about whether these standards get matters exactly right. Instead, we wish to address the issue of effective enforcement. That is, now that new work hour limits have been established, and given that the ACGME has been unable to enforce work hour limits effectively on its own, what is the best way to make sure the new limits are followed in order to reduce harm to residents, patients, and others due to sleep-deprived residents? We focus on three possible national approaches to the problem, one rooted in funding, one rooted in disclosure, and one rooted in tort law. © 2013 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

77 FR 49741 - Cranes and Derricks in Construction: Demolition and Underground Construction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... Analysis When it issued the final cranes rule, OSHA prepared a final economic analysis (FEA) as required by... construction and cranes engaged in construction work involving demolition. The FEA for the final cranes..., found that the requirements of the rule were technologically and economically feasible. Because the FEA...

Extraction and Measurement of Multi-Level Parallelism in Productions Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-14

the conflict set (agenda): (RULE.A (RULEB ( MATCHA ) (MATCHB) (ACTA)) (ACTB)) where the MATCH predicates are sets of rules in working memory and the act...ACTAfnMATCHB = 0 ) A ( MATCHA n ACTB = 0 )). The non-interference criteria above is conservative and may not detect all possible paral- lelism, but more

Characterizing Rule-Based Category Learning Deficits in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filoteo, J. Vincent; Maddox, W. Todd; Ing, A. David; Song, David D.

2007-01-01

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and normal controls were tested in three category learning experiments to determine if previously observed rule-based category learning impairments in PD patients were due to deficits in selective attention or working memory. In Experiment 1, optimal categorization required participants to base their decision on a…

29 CFR 553.226 - Training time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Training time. 553.226 Section 553.226 Labor Regulations... Enforcement Employees of Public Agencies Tour of Duty and Compensable Hours of Work Rules § 553.226 Training time. (a) The general rules for determining the compensability of training time under the FLSA are set...

Searle on Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, Nigel

1999-01-01

Discusses J. R. Searle's theories about language, based on three works dating from 1969-95. Looks at the distinction made between constitutive rules and regulative rules of language use, his approach to analyzing speech acts, the view of language as a means of stating facts, and the role that our conception of science plays in Searle's theorizing.…

76 FR 74585 - Railroad Workplace Safety; Adjacent-Track On-Track Safety for Roadway Workers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-30

... roadway workers on the ground is engaged in a common task with on-track, self-propelled equipment or..., self-propelled equipment on an occupied track. These amendments to the Roadway Worker Protection Rule... effective, the RWP Rule requires that roadway work groups engaged in ``large-scale maintenance or...

Infant Learning Is Influenced by Local Spurious Generalizations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerken, LouAnn; Quam, Carolyn

2017-01-01

In previous work, 11-month-old infants were able to learn rules about the relation of the consonants in CVCV words from just four examples. The rules involved phonetic feature relations (same voicing or same place of articulation), and infants' learning was impeded when pairs of words allowed alternative possible generalizations (e.g. two words…

40 CFR 721.4568 - Methylpolychloro aliphatic ketone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... this rule, as long as the duration of exposure to P-91-1321 is less than 2 h per work shift. If the... requirements. The provisions of § 721.185 apply to this significant new use rule. (3) Determining whether a... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT SIGNIFICANT NEW USES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical...

40 CFR 52.1323 - Approval status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to the work practice manual, pursuant to this rule, must be submitted to EPA for approval as an... previous January. New source review permits issued pursuant to section 173 of the Clean Air Act will not be deemed valid by EPA unless the provisions of Section V of the emission offset interpretive rule published...

17 CFR 200.80c - Appendix C-Rules and miscellaneous publications available from the Government Printing Office.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... registrations and offerings, net change in corporate securities outstanding, working capital of U.S... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Appendix C-Rules and... Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ORGANIZATION; CONDUCT AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND...

Continuing Education and the Pursuit of Excellence. NCCSCE Working Paper Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Helen Buss

Adapting the principles outlined in "In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best Run Companies" (Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr.) to the operations of continuing education departments, this paper discusses eight rules for success and provides examples of their application. Rule One, "Bias for Action," emphasizes the…

Acquisition of Inductive Biconditional Reasoning Skills: Training of Simultaneous and Sequential Processing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Seong-Soo

1982-01-01

Tenth-grade students (n=144) received training on one of three processing methods: coding-mapping (simultaneous), coding only, or decision tree (sequential). The induced simultaneous processing strategy worked optimally under rule learning, while the sequential strategy was difficult to induce and/or not optimal for rule-learning operations.…

International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs, 2007-2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Service, 2007

2007-01-01

This publication presents changes and modifications for 2007-2008 to the "International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs." It is written to guide fair directors, teachers, scientists, parents, and adult volunteers as they pursue their work of encouraging students to explore and investigate their…

International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs, 2006-2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Service, 2006

2006-01-01

This publication presents changes and modifications for 2006-2007 to the "International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs." It is written to guide fair directors, teachers, scientists, parents, and adult volunteers as they pursue their work of encouraging students to explore and investigate their…

20 CFR 10.300 - What are the basic rules for authorizing emergency medical care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... rules for authorizing emergency medical care? (a) When an employee sustains a work-related traumatic injury that requires medical examination, medical treatment, or both, the employer shall authorize such...-16 within four hours of the claimed injury. If the employer gives verbal authorization for such care...

20 CFR 10.300 - What are the basic rules for authorizing emergency medical care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... rules for authorizing emergency medical care? (a) When an employee sustains a work-related traumatic injury that requires medical examination, medical treatment, or both, the employer shall authorize such...-16 within four hours of the claimed injury. If the employer gives verbal authorization for such care...

20 CFR 10.300 - What are the basic rules for authorizing emergency medical care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... rules for authorizing emergency medical care? (a) When an employee sustains a work-related traumatic injury that requires medical examination, medical treatment, or both, the employer shall authorize such...-16 within four hours of the claimed injury. If the employer gives verbal authorization for such care...

20 CFR 10.300 - What are the basic rules for authorizing emergency medical care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... rules for authorizing emergency medical care? (a) When an employee sustains a work-related traumatic injury that requires medical examination, medical treatment, or both, the employer shall authorize such...-16 within four hours of the claimed injury. If the employer gives verbal authorization for such care...

20 CFR 10.300 - What are the basic rules for authorizing emergency medical care?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... rules for authorizing emergency medical care? (a) When an employee sustains a work-related traumatic injury that requires medical examination, medical treatment, or both, the employer shall authorize such...-16 within four hours of the claimed injury. If the employer gives verbal authorization for such care...

Working with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to obtain approval of products under the Animal Rule.

PubMed

Park, Glen D; Mitchel, Jules T

2016-06-01

While the development of medical products and approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is well known, the development of countermeasures against exposure to toxic levels of radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents requires special consideration, and there has been, to date, little experience in working with the FDA to obtain approval of these products. The FDA has published a regulation entitled "Approval of Biological Products when Human Efficacy Studies are not Ethical or Feasible." This regulation, known simply as the "Animal Rule," was designed to permit approval or licensing of drugs and biologics when efficacy studies in humans are not ethical or feasible. To date, 12 products have been approved under the Animal Rule. It is highly recommended that sponsors of products that are to be developed under the Animal Rule meet with the FDA and other government entities early in the development process to ensure that the efficacy and safety studies that are planned will meet the FDA's requirements for approval of the product. © 2016 New York Academy of Sciences.

Rule-based topology system for spatial databases to validate complex geographic datasets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martinez-Llario, J.; Coll, E.; Núñez-Andrés, M.; Femenia-Ribera, C.

2017-06-01

A rule-based topology software system providing a highly flexible and fast procedure to enforce integrity in spatial relationships among datasets is presented. This improved topology rule system is built over the spatial extension Jaspa. Both projects are open source, freely available software developed by the corresponding author of this paper. Currently, there is no spatial DBMS that implements a rule-based topology engine (considering that the topology rules are designed and performed in the spatial backend). If the topology rules are applied in the frontend (as in many GIS desktop programs), ArcGIS is the most advanced solution. The system presented in this paper has several major advantages over the ArcGIS approach: it can be extended with new topology rules, it has a much wider set of rules, and it can mix feature attributes with topology rules as filters. In addition, the topology rule system can work with various DBMSs, including PostgreSQL, H2 or Oracle, and the logic is performed in the spatial backend. The proposed topology system allows users to check the complex spatial relationships among features (from one or several spatial layers) that require some complex cartographic datasets, such as the data specifications proposed by INSPIRE in Europe and the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) for Cadastral data.

20 CFR 332.3 - Mileage and work restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mileage and work restrictions. 332.3 Section 332.3 Employees' Benefits RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.3 Mileage and work...

Stochastic Dynamics Underlying Cognitive Stability and Flexibility

PubMed Central

Ueltzhöffer, Kai; Armbruster-Genç, Diana J. N.; Fiebach, Christian J.

2015-01-01

Cognitive stability and flexibility are core functions in the successful pursuit of behavioral goals. While there is evidence for a common frontoparietal network underlying both functions and for a key role of dopamine in the modulation of flexible versus stable behavior, the exact neurocomputational mechanisms underlying those executive functions and their adaptation to environmental demands are still unclear. In this work we study the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying cue based task switching (flexibility) and distractor inhibition (stability) in a paradigm specifically designed to probe both functions. We develop a physiologically plausible, explicit model of neural networks that maintain the currently active task rule in working memory and implement the decision process. We simplify the four-choice decision network to a nonlinear drift-diffusion process that we canonically derive from a generic winner-take-all network model. By fitting our model to the behavioral data of individual subjects, we can reproduce their full behavior in terms of decisions and reaction time distributions in baseline as well as distractor inhibition and switch conditions. Furthermore, we predict the individual hemodynamic response timecourse of the rule-representing network and localize it to a frontoparietal network including the inferior frontal junction area and the intraparietal sulcus, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This refines the understanding of task-switch-related frontoparietal brain activity as reflecting attractor-like working memory representations of task rules. Finally, we estimate the subject-specific stability of the rule-representing attractor states in terms of the minimal action associated with a transition between different rule states in the phase-space of the fitted models. This stability measure correlates with switching-specific thalamocorticostriatal activation, i.e., with a system associated with flexible working memory updating and dopaminergic modulation of cognitive flexibility. These results show that stochastic dynamical systems can implement the basic computations underlying cognitive stability and flexibility and explain neurobiological bases of individual differences. PMID:26068119

Truncated Sum Rules and Their Use in Calculating Fundamental Limits of Nonlinear Susceptibilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzyk, Mark G.

Truncated sum rules have been used to calculate the fundamental limits of the nonlinear susceptibilities and the results have been consistent with all measured molecules. However, given that finite-state models appear to result in inconsistencies in the sum rules, it may seem unclear why the method works. In this paper, the assumptions inherent in the truncation process are discussed and arguments based on physical grounds are presented in support of using truncated sum rules in calculating fundamental limits. The clipped harmonic oscillator is used as an illustration of how the validity of truncation can be tested and several limiting cases are discussed as examples of the nuances inherent in the method.

77 FR 8174 - EPAAR Prescription for Work Assignments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

...: EPA will amend the EPA Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR) prescription for the work assignment clause. This final rule provides revised language to the prescription for the work assignment clause, incorporating prescriptive language that provides further instructions on the use of the related clause. DATES...

Estimation of traffic impacts at work zones : state of the practice.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

Assessing the safety and mobility impacts of work zones across the project development phases of road construction and maintenance projects is an emphasis area of the Federal Highway Administration's Final Rule on Work Zone Safety and Mobility1 (Fina...

Neuromodulation of Prefrontal Cortex in Non-Human Primates by Dopaminergic Receptors during Rule-Guided Flexible Behavior and Cognitive Control

PubMed Central

Vijayraghavan, Susheel; Major, Alex J.; Everling, Stefan

2017-01-01

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is indispensable for several higher-order cognitive and executive capacities of primates, including representation of salient stimuli in working memory (WM), maintenance of cognitive task set, inhibition of inappropriate responses and rule-guided flexible behavior. PFC networks are subject to robust neuromodulation from ascending catecholaminergic systems. Disruption of these systems in PFC has been implicated in cognitive deficits associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past four decades, a considerable body of work has examined the influence of dopamine on macaque PFC activity representing spatial WM. There has also been burgeoning interest in neuromodulation of PFC circuits involved in other cognitive functions of PFC, including representation of rules to guide flexible behavior. Here, we review recent neuropharmacological investigations conducted in our laboratory and others of the role of PFC dopamine receptors in regulating rule-guided behavior in non-human primates. Employing iontophoresis, we examined the effects of local manipulation of dopaminergic subtypes on neuronal activity during performance of rule-guided pro- and antisaccades, an experimental paradigm sensitive to PFC integrity, wherein deficits in performance are reliably observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders. We found dissociable effects of dopamine receptors on neuronal activity for rule representation and oculomotor responses and discuss these findings in the context of prior studies that have examined the role of dopamine in spatial delayed response tasks, attention, target selection, abstract rules, visuomotor learning and reward. The findings we describe here highlight the common features, as well as heterogeneity and context dependence of dopaminergic neuromodulation in regulating the efficacy of cognitive functions of PFC in health and disease. PMID:29259545

'Business before pleasure': the golden rule of sex work, payment schedules and gendered experiences of violence.

PubMed

Manning, Elizabeth; Bungay, Vicky

2017-03-01

A widespread rule of sex work is that payment occurs before service provision. Drawing on a subset of data collected as part of an ethnographic study conducted in metro Vancouver, Canada, this paper explores the temporal and gendered connections between payment and financial violence in a semi-criminalised indoor sex industry. A detailed examination of the timing of payment with 51 independent indoor sex workers reveals the gendered nature of the violence and its direct connection to anti-violence strategies indoor sex workers employ. We found that women (including transgender women) (n = 26) and men (n = 25) use payment schedules to minimise potential violence, but in divergent ways. Sex workers adhere to, negotiate and reject the golden rule of payment in advance based on different experiences of gendered violence. Through a gendered relational analysis, we show the contextual relationship between men and women as they negotiate payment schedules in their sex work interactions. These findings offer insight into the significance that the timing of payment has in sex workers' anti-violence practices.

The Foreseeable Harms of Trump's Global Gag Rule.

PubMed

Bingenheimer, Jeffrey B; Skuster, Patty

2017-09-01

As one of his first acts as President of the United States, Donald Trump signed an executive order reinstating a version of the global gag rule. Under this rule, US grantees are barred from receiving global health funding if they engage in abortion-related work: not only abortion services, but also abortion referrals and counseling or advocacy for the liberalization of abortion laws. Critics of the Trump global gag rule generally raise three classes of objections: (1) that the rule fails to accomplish its presumed objective of reducing the number of abortions; (2) that it negatively affects the health and well-being of individuals and populations in affected countries; and (3) that it interferes with governments' ability to meet their international obligations. In this commentary, we examine the scientific and policy bases for these criticisms. © 2017 The Population Council, Inc.

Why Seemingly Trivial Events Sometimes Evoke Strong Emotional Reactions: The Role of Social Exchange Rule Violations.

PubMed

Leary, Mark R; Diebels, Kate J; Jongman-Sereno, Katrina P; Fernandez, Xuan Duong

2015-01-01

People sometimes display strong emotional reactions to events that appear disproportionate to the tangible magnitude of the event. Although previous work has addressed the role that perceived disrespect and unfairness have on such reactions, this study examined the role of perceived social exchange rule violations more broadly. Participants (N = 179) rated the effects of another person's behavior on important personal outcomes, the degree to which the other person had violated fundamental rules of social exchange, and their reactions to the event. Results showed that perceptions of social exchange rule violations accounted for more variance in participants' reactions than the tangible consequences of the event. The findings support the hypothesis that responses that appear disproportionate to the seriousness of the eliciting event are often fueled by perceived rule violations that may not be obvious to others.

29 CFR 553.224 - “Work period” defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false âWork periodâ defined. 553.224 Section 553.224 Labor... Enforcement Employees of Public Agencies Tour of Duty and Compensable Hours of Work Rules § 553.224 “Work period” defined. (a) As used in section 7(k), the term “work period” refers to any established and...

20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2013-04-01 2012-04-01 true Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2014-04-01 2012-04-01 true Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

20 CFR 332.5 - Equivalent of full-time work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Equivalent of full-time work. 332.5 Section... INSURANCE ACT MILEAGE OR WORK RESTRICTIONS AND STAND-BY OR LAY-OVER RULES § 332.5 Equivalent of full-time work. An employee who has the equivalent of full-time work with respect to service on days within a...

37 CFR 255.8 - Public performances of sound recordings and musical works.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES ADJUSTMENT OF ROYALTY PAYABLE... sound recording or the musical work embodied therein, including by means of a digital transmission...

37 CFR 255.8 - Public performances of sound recordings and musical works.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES ADJUSTMENT OF ROYALTY PAYABLE... sound recording or the musical work embodied therein, including by means of a digital transmission...

37 CFR 255.8 - Public performances of sound recordings and musical works.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES ADJUSTMENT OF ROYALTY PAYABLE... sound recording or the musical work embodied therein, including by means of a digital transmission...

37 CFR 255.8 - Public performances of sound recordings and musical works.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES ADJUSTMENT OF ROYALTY PAYABLE... sound recording or the musical work embodied therein, including by means of a digital transmission...

37 CFR 255.8 - Public performances of sound recordings and musical works.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT ARBITRATION ROYALTY PANEL RULES AND PROCEDURES ADJUSTMENT OF ROYALTY PAYABLE... sound recording or the musical work embodied therein, including by means of a digital transmission...

Expedited vocational assessment under the sequential evaluation process. Final rules.

PubMed

2012-07-25

We are revising our rules to give adjudicators the discretion to proceed to the fifth step of the sequential evaluation process for assessing disability when we have insufficient information about a claimant's past relevant work history to make the findings required for step 4. If an adjudicator finds at step 5 that a claimant may be unable to adjust to other work existing in the national economy, the adjudicator will return to the fourth step to develop the claimant's work history and make a finding about whether the claimant can perform his or her past relevant work. We expect that this new expedited process will not disadvantage any claimant or change the ultimate conclusion about whether a claimant is disabled, but it will promote administrative efficiency and help us make more timely disability determinations and decisions.

The ethical framework for performing research with rare inherited neurometabolic disease patients.

PubMed

Giannuzzi, Viviana; Devlieger, Hugo; Margari, Lucia; Odlind, Viveca Lena; Ragab, Lamis; Bellettato, Cinzia Maria; D'Avanzo, Francesca; Lampe, Christina; Cassis, Linda; Cortès-Saladelafont, Elisenda; Cazorla, Ángels Garcia; Barić, Ivo; Cvitanović-Šojat, Ljerka; Fumić, Ksenija; Dali, Christine I; Bartoloni, Franco; Bonifazi, Fedele; Scarpa, Maurizio; Ceci, Adriana

2017-03-01

The need for performing clinical trials to develop well-studied and appropriate medicines for inherited neurometabolic disease patients faces ethical concerns mainly raising from four aspects: the diseases are rare; include young and very young patients; the neurological impairment may compromise the capability to provide 'consent'; and the genetic nature of the disease leads to further ethical implications. This work is intended to identify the ethical provisions applicable to clinical research involving these patients and to evaluate if these cover the ethical issues. Three searches have been performed on the European regulatory/legal framework, the literature and European Union-funded projects. The European legal framework offers a number of ethical provisions ruling the clinical research on paediatric, rare, inherited diseases with neurological symptoms. In the literature, relevant publications deal with informed consent, newborn genetic screenings, gene therapy and rights/interests of research participants. Additional information raised from European projects on sharing patients' data from different countries, the need to fill the gap of the regulatory framework and to improve information to stakeholders and patients/families. Several recommendations and guidelines on ethical aspects are applicable to the inherited neurometabolic disease research in Europe, even though they suffer from the lack of a common ethical approach. What is Known: • When planning and conducting clinical trials, sponsors and researchers know that clinical trials are to be performed according to well-established ethical rules, and patients should be aware about their rights. • In the cases of paediatric patients, vulnerable patients unable to provide consent, genetic diseases' further rules apply. What is New: • This work discusses which ethical rules apply to ensure protection of patient's rights if all the above-mentioned features coexist. • This work shows available data and information on how these rules have been applied.

Judge Rules Plagiarism-Detection Tool Falls under "Fair Use"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Jeffrey R.

2008-01-01

Judge Claude M. Hilton, of the U.S. District Court in Alexandria, Virginia, in March found that scanning the student papers for the purpose of detecting plagiarism is a "highly transformative" use that falls under the fair-use provision of copyright law. He ruled that the company "makes no use of any work's particular expressive or creative…

Technology: Digital Photography in an Inner-City Fifth Grade, Part 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riner, Phil

2005-01-01

Last month, Phil Riner began discussing his project of teaching digital photography and prosocial behavior skills to inner-city fifth-graders. This work led him to generate some very specific procedures for camera care and use. Phil also taught the students some simple rules for taking better photos. These rules fell into four broad categories:…

Ability-Grouping and Academic Inequality: Evidence from Rule-Based Student Assignments. NBER Working Paper No. 14911

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, C. Kirabo

2009-01-01

In Trinidad and Tobago students are assigned to secondary schools after fifth grade based on achievement tests, leading to large differences in the school environments to which students of differing initial levels of achievement are exposed. Using both a regression discontinuity design and rule-based instrumental variables to address…

Pre-School Education Legislation: Curriculum Guidelines for Pre-School Education Ruling No. 5220/97.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ministry of Education, Lisbon (Portugal).

This pamphlet discusses new curriculum guidelines, as approved under Ruling number 5220/97, for preschool education in Portugal. The law defines preschool as a first step in basic education that complements the education provided by the family, and recommends that schools work in collaboration with parents to foster the training and balanced…

An Axiomatic Theory of Cognition and Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grunig, James E.; And Others

Noting that although a great deal of empirical research has been done to investigate the writing rules commonly taught, this paper points out that no one has yet constructed a deep theory of the relationship between cognition and writing that confirms the writing rules and explains how they work. The paper then uses theories and research in the…

Career Intelligence: The 12 New Rules for Work and Life Success.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moses, Barbara

This book, which is intended for workers, parents, and managers, presents 12 new rules for success in today's radically changed workplace and explains how workers can position themselves to thrive in it. The titles and topics of the book's 11 chapters are as follows: "The New Landscape" (economic and social realities of today's workplace); "Facing…

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; social issues fact sheet 08: The "Golden Rule" and other lessons on communicating about hazards

Treesearch

Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service

2004-01-01

Other fact sheets identified considerations for communicating about hazards, talked about the importance of working locally, and discussed the seven laws of effective hazard communication. This fact sheet introduces the "Golden Rule" of hazard communication and shares some final lessons from hazard educators.

26 CFR 1.367(a)-1T - Transfers to foreign corporations subject to section 367(a): In general (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... share of partnership property shall be determined under the rules and principles of sections 701 through... shall be determined under the rules and principles of sections 701 through 761 and the regulations... in manufacturing activities or in marketing activities. A working interest in oil and gas properties...

Hallways Paved with Good Intentions: Analyzing Rules and Procedures in Non-Classroom Middle School Spaces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wellenreiter, Benjamin R.

2018-01-01

Non-classroom school spaces such as cafeterias, hallways, and locker rooms have complex structures that require analysis to maintain or improve school climate. Middle level educators are encouraged to observe, question, and evaluate rules and procedures to ensure these spaces are safe and socially just. Educators should work to view these spaces…

Iso-vector form factors of the delta and nucleon in QCD sum rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ozpineci, A.

Form factors are important non-perturbative properties of hadrons. They give information about the internal structure of the hadrons. In this work, iso-vector axial-vector and iso-vector tensor form factors of the nucleon and the iso-vector axial-vector {Delta}{yields}N transition form factor calculations in QCD Sum Rules are presented.

Determining rules for closing customer service centers: A public utility company's fuzzy decision

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dekorvin, Andre; Shipley, Margaret F.

1992-01-01

In the present work, we consider the general problem of knowledge acquisition under uncertainty. A commonly used method is to learn by examples. We observe how the expert solves specific cases and from this infer some rules by which the decision was made. Unique to this work is the fuzzy set representation of the conditions or attributes upon which the decision make may base his fuzzy set decision. From our examples, we infer certain and possible rules containing fuzzy terms. It should be stressed that the procedure determines how closely the expert follows the conditions under consideration in making his decision. We offer two examples pertaining to the possible decision to close a customer service center of a public utility company. In the first example, the decision maker does not follow too closely the conditions. In the second example, the conditions are much more relevant to the decision of the expert.

Pragmatic Leadership Advice from Donald Rumsfeld

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Teany, Douglas R.

2003-01-01

When President Gerald Ford appointed Donald Rumsfeld as his Secretary of Defense in 1975, Rumsfeld became the youngest defense secretary in US. history. Today, as defense secretary for President George W. Bush, Rumsfeld is the most senior appointee to hold that post. Between political assignments, he became an expert at turning around troubled corporations. His work at G.D. Searle-now a subsidiary of Pharmacia-earned him awards as an outstanding chief executive officer in the pharmaceutical industry. Rumsfeld's management philosophy is unique and direct, and the best part is he's written it down. While serving in the Ford administration, Rumsfeld wrote a white paper titled Rumsfeld's Rules. These rules were written as guiding principles for White House staff. First published in 1980, the rules were revised and expanded in 2001 to include broader insights on management, work and leadership. They reflect more than 40 years of Rumsfeld's wisdom and experience.

Rule-based optimization and multicriteria decision support for packaging a truck chassis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, Martin; Lindroth, Peter; Welke, Richard

2017-06-01

Trucks are highly individualized products where exchangeable parts are flexibly combined to suit different customer requirements, this leading to a great complexity in product development. Therefore, an optimization approach based on constraint programming is proposed for automatically packaging parts of a truck chassis by following packaging rules expressed as constraints. A multicriteria decision support system is developed where a database of truck layouts is computed, among which interactive navigation then can be performed. The work has been performed in cooperation with Volvo Group Trucks Technology (GTT), from which specific rules have been used. Several scenarios are described where the methods developed can be successfully applied and lead to less time-consuming manual work, fewer mistakes, and greater flexibility in configuring trucks. A numerical evaluation is also presented showing the efficiency and practical relevance of the methods, which are implemented in a software tool.

Rule Based Category Learning in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

PubMed Central

Price, Amanda; Filoteo, J. Vincent; Maddox, W. Todd

2009-01-01

Measures of explicit rule-based category learning are commonly used in neuropsychological evaluation of individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the pattern of PD performance on these measures tends to be highly varied. We review the neuropsychological literature to clarify the manner in which PD affects the component processes of rule-based category learning and work to identify and resolve discrepancies within this literature. In particular, we address the manner in which PD and its common treatments affect the processes of rule generation, maintenance, shifting and selection. We then integrate the neuropsychological research with relevant neuroimaging and computational modeling evidence to clarify the neurobiological impact of PD on each process. Current evidence indicates that neurochemical changes associated with PD primarily disrupt rule shifting, and may disturb feedback-mediated learning processes that guide rule selection. Although surgical and pharmacological therapies remediate this deficit, it appears that the same treatments may contribute to impaired rule generation, maintenance and selection processes. These data emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the impact of PD and its common treatments when considering the neuropsychological profile of the disease. PMID:19428385

Logic Learning Machine creates explicit and stable rules stratifying neuroblastoma patients

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor. About fifty percent of high risk patients die despite treatment making the exploration of new and more effective strategies for improving stratification mandatory. Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen tension occurring in poorly vascularized areas of the tumor associated with poor prognosis. We had previously defined a robust gene expression signature measuring the hypoxic component of neuroblastoma tumors (NB-hypo) which is a molecular risk factor. We wanted to develop a prognostic classifier of neuroblastoma patients' outcome blending existing knowledge on clinical and molecular risk factors with the prognostic NB-hypo signature. Furthermore, we were interested in classifiers outputting explicit rules that could be easily translated into the clinical setting. Results Shadow Clustering (SC) technique, which leads to final models called Logic Learning Machine (LLM), exhibits a good accuracy and promises to fulfill the aims of the work. We utilized this algorithm to classify NB-patients on the bases of the following risk factors: Age at diagnosis, INSS stage, MYCN amplification and NB-hypo. The algorithm generated explicit classification rules in good agreement with existing clinical knowledge. Through an iterative procedure we identified and removed from the dataset those examples which caused instability in the rules. This workflow generated a stable classifier very accurate in predicting good and poor outcome patients. The good performance of the classifier was validated in an independent dataset. NB-hypo was an important component of the rules with a strength similar to that of tumor staging. Conclusions The novelty of our work is to identify stability, explicit rules and blending of molecular and clinical risk factors as the key features to generate classification rules for NB patients to be conveyed to the clinic and to be used to design new therapies. We derived, through LLM, a set of four stable rules identifying a new class of poor outcome patients that could benefit from new therapies potentially targeting tumor hypoxia or its consequences. PMID:23815266

Logic Learning Machine creates explicit and stable rules stratifying neuroblastoma patients.

PubMed

Cangelosi, Davide; Blengio, Fabiola; Versteeg, Rogier; Eggert, Angelika; Garaventa, Alberto; Gambini, Claudio; Conte, Massimo; Eva, Alessandra; Muselli, Marco; Varesio, Luigi

2013-01-01

Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor. About fifty percent of high risk patients die despite treatment making the exploration of new and more effective strategies for improving stratification mandatory. Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen tension occurring in poorly vascularized areas of the tumor associated with poor prognosis. We had previously defined a robust gene expression signature measuring the hypoxic component of neuroblastoma tumors (NB-hypo) which is a molecular risk factor. We wanted to develop a prognostic classifier of neuroblastoma patients' outcome blending existing knowledge on clinical and molecular risk factors with the prognostic NB-hypo signature. Furthermore, we were interested in classifiers outputting explicit rules that could be easily translated into the clinical setting. Shadow Clustering (SC) technique, which leads to final models called Logic Learning Machine (LLM), exhibits a good accuracy and promises to fulfill the aims of the work. We utilized this algorithm to classify NB-patients on the bases of the following risk factors: Age at diagnosis, INSS stage, MYCN amplification and NB-hypo. The algorithm generated explicit classification rules in good agreement with existing clinical knowledge. Through an iterative procedure we identified and removed from the dataset those examples which caused instability in the rules. This workflow generated a stable classifier very accurate in predicting good and poor outcome patients. The good performance of the classifier was validated in an independent dataset. NB-hypo was an important component of the rules with a strength similar to that of tumor staging. The novelty of our work is to identify stability, explicit rules and blending of molecular and clinical risk factors as the key features to generate classification rules for NB patients to be conveyed to the clinic and to be used to design new therapies. We derived, through LLM, a set of four stable rules identifying a new class of poor outcome patients that could benefit from new therapies potentially targeting tumor hypoxia or its consequences.

29 CFR 553.224 - “Work period” defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âWork periodâ defined. 553.224 Section 553.224 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS APPLICATION... Enforcement Employees of Public Agencies Tour of Duty and Compensable Hours of Work Rules § 553.224 “Work...

26 CFR 1.105-4 - Wage continuation plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... regular wages of $70 per week, normally works five days (Monday through Friday) during each week. A is... sickness. For example, employee A becomes absent from work because of sickness on Friday, October 4, 1963...) by the number of work days in a normal work week. This rule may be illustrated by the following...

5 CFR 531.605 - Determining an employee's official worksite.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... telework agreement, the following rules apply: (1) If the employee is scheduled to work at least twice each... duties. (2) If the employee's work involves recurring travel or the employee's work location varies on a recurring basis, the official worksite is the location where the work activities of the employee's position...

75 FR 41994 - Federal Management Regulation; Home-to-Work Transportation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-20

...; Docket 2010-0013, Sequence 1] RIN 3090-AJ05 Federal Management Regulation; Home-to-Work Transportation... clarify existing Home-to-Work Transportation policy. This final rule updates and clarifies who is not... establish policy regarding home-to-work transportation. Section 102-5.20 defines who is not covered by the...

How do pre-adolescent children interpret conditionals?

PubMed

Markovits, Henry; Brisson, Janie; de Chantal, Pier-Luc

2016-12-01

Studies examining children's basic understanding of conditionals have led to very different conclusions. On the one hand, conditional inference tasks suggest that young children are able to interpret familiar conditionals in a complex manner. In contrast, truth-table tasks suggest that before adolescence, children have limited (conjunctive) representations of conditionals. We hypothesized that the latter results are due to use of what are essentially arbitrary conditionals. To examine this, we gave a truth-table task using two kinds of conditional rules, Arbitrary and Imaginary categorical rules (If an animal is a bori, then it has red wings) to 9- and 12-year-olds. Results with the Arbitrary rules were consistent with those found in previous studies, with the most frequent interpretation being the Conjunctive one. However, among even the youngest children, the most frequent interpretation of the Imaginary categorical rules was the defective conditional, which is only found with much older adolescents with Arbitrary rules. These results suggest that working memory limitations are not an important developmental factor in how young children interpret conditional rules.

Traffic incident management in construction and maintenance work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

In 2004, the Federal Highway Administration published updated rules governing work zone safety and mobility; all highway construction and maintenance projects using federal-aid highway funds are required to develop transportation management plans (TM...

78 FR 79674 - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... Working Group (Working Group) and Standing and Special Reef Fish Scientific and Statistical Committees..., Senior Fishery Biologist, Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council; telephone: (813) 348-1630; fax: (813... the individual meeting agendas are as follows: ABC Control Rule Working Group Agenda, Wednesday...

77 FR 31724 - Exchange Visitor Program-Summer Work Travel; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-30

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE 22 CFR Part 62 RIN 1400-AD14 [Public Notice 7902] Exchange Visitor Program--Summer Work Travel; Correction AGENCY: Department of State. ACTION: Interim final rule; correction SUMMARY: This document contains minor corrections to the Exchange Visitor Program--Summer Work Travel...

Impact of the Spanish smoking legislations in the adoption of smoke-free rules at home: a longitudinal study in Barcelona (Spain).

PubMed

Lidón-Moyano, Cristina; Martínez-Sánchez, Jose M; Fu, Marcela; Ballbè, Montse; Martín-Sánchez, Juan Carlos; Martínez, Cristina; Saltó, Esteve; Fernández, Esteve

2016-09-01

To assess the impact of two Spanish smoking legislations in the adoption of voluntary smoke-free-homes rules in Spain. This is a longitudinal study, before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans (in 2005 and 2010), in a representative sample (n=1245) of non-institutionalised adults (≥16 years) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2013-2014. The final sample analysed was 736 individuals (400 women and 336 men). We defined smoking rules in the houses as complete (when smoking was not allowed in the household), partial (when smoking was allowed in some places inside the house) or absent (when smoking was allowed everywhere). We calculated relative changes in the prevalence of smoking rules in homes before and after 2 national smoking legislations by means of prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs. The households with voluntary smoke-free rules (complete or partial) relatively increased 31% after Spanish smoking bans (from 55.6% to 72.6%, p<0.001). The houses with complete rules relatively increased 57% (from 23.9% to 37.6%, p<0.001) whereas the houses with partial rules increased 11% (from 31.7% to 35.0%, p=0.148). The increase of any type of rules (complete and partial) was statistically significantly independent of sex (PR between 1.29 and 1.33), age (PR between 1.24 and 1.33), educational level (PR between 1.19 and 1.47) and minimum age in house (PR between 1.12 and 1.40). However, this increase was statistically and significantly higher only among never smokers (PR=1.46) at baseline. The implementation of the smoke-free regulations in public and work places in Spain was associated with an increasing of voluntary adoption of smoke-free rules in homes. According to our data, the Spanish smoking bans did not shift the tobacco consumption from public and work places to private places (homes). Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Gender differences: emotional expression and feelings of personal inauthenticity.

PubMed

Simpson, Patricia A; Stroh, Linda K

2004-08-01

This survey study examined the emotional expression content of human resources jobs and how the content varies by gender. On the basis of findings, it appeared that women more often conform to feminine display rules, which require the suppression of negative emotions and the simulation of positive emotions. In contrast, men more often adopted masculine display rules, which require the suppression of positive emotions and the simulation of negative ones. For both men and women, emotional dissonance generated by a feminine display-rule pattern was positively correlated with feelings of personal inauthenticity at work. Gender modified the relationship between emotional dissonance and gender only in that women who adopted the masculine display-rule pattern reported feeling the least personally inauthentic of all. (c) 2004 APA

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: A Theoretical Framework for the Assessment of Continuous Colormaps.

PubMed

Bujack, Roxana; Turton, Terece L; Samsel, Francesca; Ware, Colin; Rogers, David H; Ahrens, James

2018-01-01

A myriad of design rules for what constitutes a "good" colormap can be found in the literature. Some common rules include order, uniformity, and high discriminative power. However, the meaning of many of these terms is often ambiguous or open to interpretation. At times, different authors may use the same term to describe different concepts or the same rule is described by varying nomenclature. These ambiguities stand in the way of collaborative work, the design of experiments to assess the characteristics of colormaps, and automated colormap generation. In this paper, we review current and historical guidelines for colormap design. We propose a specified taxonomy and provide unambiguous mathematical definitions for the most common design rules.

A Physical Interpretation of the Titius-Bode Rule and Its Connection to the Closed Orbits of Bertrand's Theorem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christodoulou, Dimitris M.; Kazanas, Demosthenes

2017-01-01

We consider the geometric Titius-Bode rule for the semimajor axes of planetary orbits. We derive an equivalent rule for the midpoints of the segments between consecutive orbits along the radial direction and we interpret it physically in terms of the work done in the gravitational field of the Sun by particles whose orbits are perturbed around each planetary orbit. On such energetic grounds, it is not surprising that some exoplanets in multiple-planet extrasolar systems obey the same relation. However, it is surprising that this simple interpretation of the Titius-Bode rule also reveals new properties of the bound closed orbits predicted by Bertrand's theorem, which has been known since 1873.

A physical interpretation of the Titius-Bode rule and its connection to the closed orbits of Bertrandʼs theorem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christodoulou, Dimitris M.; Kazanas, Demosthenes

2017-12-01

We consider the geometric Titius-Bode rule for the semimajor axes of planetary orbits. We derive an equivalent rule for the midpoints of the segments between consecutive orbits along the radial direction and we interpret it physically in terms of the work done in the gravitational field of the Sun by particles whose orbits are perturbed around each planetary orbit. On such energetic grounds, it is not surprising that some exoplanets in multiple-planet extrasolar systems obey the same relation. However, it is surprising that this simple interpretation of the Titius-Bode rule also reveals new properties of the bound closed orbits predicted by Bertrand’s theorem, which has been known since 1873.

Hidden electronic rule in the “cluster-plus-glue-atom” model

PubMed Central

Du, Jinglian; Dong, Chuang; Melnik, Roderick; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki; Wen, Bin

2016-01-01

Electrons and their interactions are intrinsic factors to affect the structure and properties of materials. Based on the “cluster-cluster-plus-glue-atom” model, an electron counting rule for complex metallic alloys (CMAs) has been revealed in this work (i. e. the CPGAMEC rule). Our results on the cluster structure and electron concentration of CMAs with apparent cluster features, indicate that the valence electrons’ number per unit cluster formula for these CMAs are specific constants of eight-multiples and twelve-multiples. It is thus termed as specific electrons cluster formula. This CPGAMEC rule has been demonstrated as a useful guidance to direct the design of CMAs with desired properties, while its practical applications and underlying mechanism have been illustrated on the basis of CMAs’ cluster structural features. Our investigation provides an aggregate picture with intriguing electronic rule and atomic structural features of CMAs. PMID:27642002

Why Seemingly Trivial Events Sometimes Evoke Strong Emotional Reactions: The Role of Social Exchange Rule Violations

PubMed Central

Leary, Mark R.; Diebels, Kate J.; Jongman-Sereno, Katrina P.; Fernandez, Xuan Duong

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT People sometimes display strong emotional reactions to events that appear disproportionate to the tangible magnitude of the event. Although previous work has addressed the role that perceived disrespect and unfairness have on such reactions, this study examined the role of perceived social exchange rule violations more broadly. Participants (N = 179) rated the effects of another person’s behavior on important personal outcomes, the degree to which the other person had violated fundamental rules of social exchange, and their reactions to the event. Results showed that perceptions of social exchange rule violations accounted for more variance in participants’ reactions than the tangible consequences of the event. The findings support the hypothesis that responses that appear disproportionate to the seriousness of the eliciting event are often fueled by perceived rule violations that may not be obvious to others. PMID:26331429

Algorithmic and heuristic processing of information by the nervous system.

PubMed

Restian, A

1980-01-01

Starting from the fact that the nervous system must discover the information it needs, the author describes the way it decodes the received message. The logical circuits of the nervous system, submitting the received signals to a process by means of which information brought is discovered step by step, participates in decoding the message. The received signals, as information, can be algorithmically or heuristically processed. Algorithmic processing is done according to precise rules, which must be fulfilled step by step. By algorithmic processing, one develops somatic and vegetative reflexes as blood pressure, heart frequency or water metabolism control. When it does not dispose of precise rules of information processing or when algorithmic processing needs a very long time, the nervous system must use heuristic processing. This is the feature that differentiates the human brain from the electronic computer that can work only according to some extremely precise rules. The human brain can work according to less precise rules because it can resort to trial and error operations, and because it works according to a form of logic. Working with superior order signals which represent the class of all inferior type signals from which they begin, the human brain need not perform all the operations that it would have to perform by superior type of signals. Therefore the brain tries to submit the received signals to intensive as possible superization. All informational processing, and especially heuristical processing, is accompanied by a certain affective color and the brain cannot operate without it. Emotions, passions and sentiments usually complete the lack of precision of the heuristical programmes. Finally, the author shows that informational and especially heuristical processes study can contribute to a better understanding of the transition from neurological to psychological activity.

Compartmental and Spatial Rule-Based Modeling with Virtual Cell.

PubMed

Blinov, Michael L; Schaff, James C; Vasilescu, Dan; Moraru, Ion I; Bloom, Judy E; Loew, Leslie M

2017-10-03

In rule-based modeling, molecular interactions are systematically specified in the form of reaction rules that serve as generators of reactions. This provides a way to account for all the potential molecular complexes and interactions among multivalent or multistate molecules. Recently, we introduced rule-based modeling into the Virtual Cell (VCell) modeling framework, permitting graphical specification of rules and merger of networks generated automatically (using the BioNetGen modeling engine) with hand-specified reaction networks. VCell provides a number of ordinary differential equation and stochastic numerical solvers for single-compartment simulations of the kinetic systems derived from these networks, and agent-based network-free simulation of the rules. In this work, compartmental and spatial modeling of rule-based models has been implemented within VCell. To enable rule-based deterministic and stochastic spatial simulations and network-free agent-based compartmental simulations, the BioNetGen and NFSim engines were each modified to support compartments. In the new rule-based formalism, every reactant and product pattern and every reaction rule are assigned locations. We also introduce the rule-based concept of molecular anchors. This assures that any species that has a molecule anchored to a predefined compartment will remain in this compartment. Importantly, in addition to formulation of compartmental models, this now permits VCell users to seamlessly connect reaction networks derived from rules to explicit geometries to automatically generate a system of reaction-diffusion equations. These may then be simulated using either the VCell partial differential equations deterministic solvers or the Smoldyn stochastic simulator. Copyright © 2017 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 2253 - TRICARE; Coverage of National Cancer Institute (NCI) Sponsored Phase I Studies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

... works. Phase II studies usually focus on a particular type of cancer. A Phase III trial tests a new drug... Secretary, DoD. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule adds coverage of National Cancer Institute (NCI... evaluate how a new drug should be given (by mouth, injected into the blood, or injected into the muscle...

77 FR 71101 - Electronic Filing in the Copyright Office of Notices of Intention To Obtain a Section 115...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-29

...: Copyright Office, Library of Congress. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Copyright Office is amending its... musical work and include an address at which notice can be served. In addition, the Copyright Office is amending its regulations to clarify the rules for filing physical Notices of Intention, to clarify that it...

The Effect of Family Size on Incentive Effects of Welfare Transfers in Two-Parent Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewin, Alisa C.; Maurin, Eric

2005-01-01

Family size is an important determinant of family well-being, and it is a good predictor of poverty. This study examines effects of waiving the 100-hour rule, by family size, and distinguishes between the "work-incentive effects" and the "eligibility effects" of the waiver. The 100-hour rule limits eligibility to aid to…

Secure ADS-B: Towards Airborne Communications Security in the Federal Aviation Administration’s Next Generation Air Transportation System

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

76 5.2 Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.3 Recommendations for Future Work...Global Positioning System ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IFF Identification Friend or Foe IFR Instrument Flight Rules IMO...Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR ). Under VFR, typically used by General Aviation (GA) aircraft operating under 18,000 feet, the pilot is primarily responsible

Different Executive Functions Support Different Kinds of Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence from 2-, 3-, and 4-Year-Olds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blakey, Emma; Visser, Ingmar; Carroll, Daniel J.

2016-01-01

Improvements in cognitive flexibility during the preschool years have been linked to developments in both working memory and inhibitory control, though the precise contribution of each remains unclear. In the current study, one hundred and twenty 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds completed two rule-switching tasks. In one version, children switched rules in…

From Card Catalogues to WebPACs: Celebrating Cataloguing in the 20th Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorman, Michael

This paper provides an overview of cataloging in the 20th century. Highlights include: (1) issues in 1901, including the emerging cooperative cataloging system and the work of Charles Ammi Cutter; (2) the 1908 code, i.e., "Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries," published in British and American editions; (3) the Vatican rules, a code…

76 FR 50926 - Civilian Board of Contract Appeals; Rules of Procedure of the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-17

... working hours, they may be transmitted at any time from any location with Internet access. This amendment... Internet address for the Board. In addition, section 6101.5(c) is amended to correct an error in printing... [Rule 25]. (a) * * * (1) * * * In addition, all Board decisions are posted weekly on the Internet. The...

Refining the Relationships among Historical Figures by Implementing Inference Rules in SWRL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fajrin Ariyani, Nurul; Saralita, Madis; Sarwosri; Sarno, Riyanarto

2018-03-01

The biography of historical figures is often fascinating to be known. Everything about their character, work, invention, and personal life sometimes are presented in their biography. The social and family relationships among historical figures also put into concern, especially for political figures, heroes, kings or persons who have ever been ruled a monarchy in their past. Some biographies can be found in Wikipedia as articles. Most of the social and family relationship contents of these figures are not completely depicted due to a various article’s contributors and sources. Fortunately, the missing relatives of a person might reside in the other figures’ biography in different pages. Each Wikipedia article has metadata which represents its essential information of content. By processing the metadata obtained from DBpedia and composing the inferencing rules (in the form of ontology) to identify the relationships content, it can generate several new inferred facts that complement the existing relationships. This work proposes a methodology for finding missing relationships among historical figures using inference rules in an ontology. As a result, our method can present new facts about the relationships that absent in the existing Wikipedia articles.

Quantitative genetic versions of Hamilton's rule with empirical applications

PubMed Central

McGlothlin, Joel W.; Wolf, Jason B.; Brodie, Edmund D.; Moore, Allen J.

2014-01-01

Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness revolutionized our understanding of the evolution of social interactions. Surprisingly, an incorporation of Hamilton's perspective into the quantitative genetic theory of phenotypic evolution has been slow, despite the popularity of quantitative genetics in evolutionary studies. Here, we discuss several versions of Hamilton's rule for social evolution from a quantitative genetic perspective, emphasizing its utility in empirical applications. Although evolutionary quantitative genetics offers methods to measure each of the critical parameters of Hamilton's rule, empirical work has lagged behind theory. In particular, we lack studies of selection on altruistic traits in the wild. Fitness costs and benefits of altruism can be estimated using a simple extension of phenotypic selection analysis that incorporates the traits of social interactants. We also discuss the importance of considering the genetic influence of the social environment, or indirect genetic effects (IGEs), in the context of Hamilton's rule. Research in social evolution has generated an extensive body of empirical work focusing—with good reason—almost solely on relatedness. We argue that quantifying the roles of social and non-social components of selection and IGEs, in addition to relatedness, is now timely and should provide unique additional insights into social evolution. PMID:24686930

Evaluating MEDEVAC Force Structure Requirements Using an Updated Army Scenario, Total Army Analysis Admission Data, Monte Carlo Simulation, and Theater Structure.

PubMed

Fulton, Lawrence; Kerr, Bernie; Inglis, James M; Brooks, Matthew; Bastian, Nathaniel D

2015-07-01

In this study, we re-evaluate air ambulance requirements (rules of allocation) and planning considerations based on an Army-approved, Theater Army Analysis scenario. A previous study using workload only estimated a requirement of 0.4 to 0.6 aircraft per admission, a significant bolus over existence-based rules. In this updated study, we estimate requirements for Phase III (major combat operations) using a simulation grounded in previously published work and Phase IV (stability operations) based on four rules of allocation: unit existence rules, workload factors, theater structure (geography), and manual input. This study improves upon previous work by including the new air ambulance mission requirements of Department of Defense 51001.1, Roles and Functions of the Services, by expanding the analysis over two phases, and by considering unit rotation requirements known as Army Force Generation based on Department of Defense policy. The recommendations of this study are intended to inform future planning factors and already provided decision support to the Army Aviation Branch in determining force structure requirements. Reprint & Copyright © 2015 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Skills, rules and knowledge in aircraft maintenance: errors in context

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hobbs, Alan; Williamson, Ann

2002-01-01

Automatic or skill-based behaviour is generally considered to be less prone to error than behaviour directed by conscious control. However, researchers who have applied Rasmussen's skill-rule-knowledge human error framework to accidents and incidents have sometimes found that skill-based errors appear in significant numbers. It is proposed that this is largely a reflection of the opportunities for error which workplaces present and does not indicate that skill-based behaviour is intrinsically unreliable. In the current study, 99 errors reported by 72 aircraft mechanics were examined in the light of a task analysis based on observations of the work of 25 aircraft mechanics. The task analysis identified the opportunities for error presented at various stages of maintenance work packages and by the job as a whole. Once the frequency of each error type was normalized in terms of the opportunities for error, it became apparent that skill-based performance is more reliable than rule-based performance, which is in turn more reliable than knowledge-based performance. The results reinforce the belief that industrial safety interventions designed to reduce errors would best be directed at those aspects of jobs that involve rule- and knowledge-based performance.

76 FR 25277 - Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines and Pattern of Violations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

..., 1219-AB73 Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines and Pattern of Violations AGENCY: Mine... four public hearings on the Agency's proposed rules for Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal... 1219-AB75'' for Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines' submissions, and with ``RIN 1219...

20 CFR 220.128 - Age as a vocational factor.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... or her ability to— (i) Adapt to a new work situation; and (ii) Do work in competition with others. (2... new work situation. In some circumstances, the Board considers age 45 a handicap in adapting to a new work setting (see Rule 201.17 in appendix 2 of this part). (c) Person approaching advanced age. If the...

46 CFR Sec. 2 - Use of contract for competitive bid and negotiated price awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ship repair work awarded as a result of competitive bidding or negotiation. As a general rule all work... shall be rejected. If the ship's availability permits a new Invitation for Bids for the work in question... the accomplishment of work under the NSA-LUMPSUMREP Contract will be permitted in lieu of competitive...

10 CFR 2.643 - Acceptance and docketing of application for limited work authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Acceptance and docketing of application for limited work authorization. 2.643 Section 2.643 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION RULES OF PRACTICE FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING... Construct Certain Utilization Facilities; and Advance Issuance of Limited Work Authorizations Phased...

77 FR 55903 - Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-11

... and MSPs, trade associations, public interest groups, traders, and other interested parties. In... for the Proposed Rules The Working Group of Commercial Energy Firms (The Working Group) [[Page 55905... CEA. The Working Group believes that the Commission could meet its statutory mandate by publishing...

75 FR 18133 - Pay for Sunday Work

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-09

...-AM08 Pay for Sunday Work AGENCY: Office of Personnel Management. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The U... provisions of 5 U.S.C. 5546(a), the statute governing the payment of Sunday premium pay for work performed on Sundays. The revised Sunday premium pay regulations would eliminate references to ``full-time'' employees...

Work zone positive protection guidelines for Idaho.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-01

The Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 23 Part 630 Subpart K - Temporary Traffic Control (630.1102630.1110) rule states : that positive protection shall be considered where work zone conditions place workers at increased risk from motorized : ...

Connections between the Sznajd model with general confidence rules and graph theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timpanaro, André M.; Prado, Carmen P. C.

2012-10-01

The Sznajd model is a sociophysics model that is used to model opinion propagation and consensus formation in societies. Its main feature is that its rules favor bigger groups of agreeing people. In a previous work, we generalized the bounded confidence rule in order to model biases and prejudices in discrete opinion models. In that work, we applied this modification to the Sznajd model and presented some preliminary results. The present work extends what we did in that paper. We present results linking many of the properties of the mean-field fixed points, with only a few qualitative aspects of the confidence rule (the biases and prejudices modeled), finding an interesting connection with graph theory problems. More precisely, we link the existence of fixed points with the notion of strongly connected graphs and the stability of fixed points with the problem of finding the maximal independent sets of a graph. We state these results and present comparisons between the mean field and simulations in Barabási-Albert networks, followed by the main mathematical ideas and appendices with the rigorous proofs of our claims and some graph theory concepts, together with examples. We also show that there is no qualitative difference in the mean-field results if we require that a group of size q>2, instead of a pair, of agreeing agents be formed before they attempt to convince other sites (for the mean field, this would coincide with the q-voter model).

Medication use in pregnancy and the pregnancy and lactation labeling rule.

PubMed

Sahin, L; Nallani, S C; Tassinari, M S

2016-07-01

On 30 June 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) took effect. This rule sets new and improved standards for the inclusion of information about the use of prescription drugs and biological products during pregnancy and lactation. The new labeling requirements have important implications for clinical pharmacology as there is a subheading that is dedicated to inclusion of clinical pharmacology information that inform dosing during pregnancy and the postpartum period, if available. Published 2016. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

C-Language Integrated Production System, Version 5.1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Riley, Gary; Donnell, Brian; Ly, Huyen-Anh VU; Culbert, Chris; Savely, Robert T.; Mccoy, Daniel J.; Giarratano, Joseph

1992-01-01

CLIPS 5.1 provides cohesive software tool for handling wide variety of knowledge with support for three different programming paradigms: rule-based, object-oriented, and procedural. Rule-based programming provides representation of knowledge by use of heuristics. Object-oriented programming enables modeling of complex systems as modular components. Procedural programming enables CLIPS to represent knowledge in ways similar to those allowed in such languages as C, Pascal, Ada, and LISP. Working with CLIPS 5.1, one can develop expert-system software by use of rule-based programming only, object-oriented programming only, procedural programming only, or combinations of the three.

Measuring the attitudes and impact of the eighty-hour workweek rules on orthopaedic surgery residents.

PubMed

Kusuma, Sharat K; Mehta, Samir; Sirkin, Michael; Yates, Adolph J; Miclau, Theodore; Templeton, Kimberly J; Friedlaender, Gary E

2007-03-01

The literature on graduate medical education contains anecdotal reports of some effects of the new eighty-hour workweek on the attitudes and performance of residents. However, there are relatively few studies detailing the attitudes of large numbers of residents in a particular surgical specialty toward the new requirements. Between July and November 2004, a survey created by the Academic Advocacy Committee of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons was distributed by mail, fax, and e-mail to a total of 4207 orthopaedic residents at the postgraduate year-1 through year-6 levels of training. The survey responses were tabulated electronically, and the results were recorded. The survey response rate was 13.2% (554 residents). Sixty-eight percent (337) of the 495 respondents whose postgraduate-year level was known were at the postgraduate year-4 level or higher. Attitudes concerning the duty rules were mixed. Twenty-three percent of the 554 respondents thought that eighty hours constituted an appropriate number of duty hours per week; 41% believed that eighty hours were too many, and 34% thought that eighty hours were not sufficient. Thirty-three percent of the respondents had worked greater than eighty hours during at least a single one-week period since the new rules were implemented; this occurred more commonly among the postgraduate year-3 and more junior residents. Orthopaedic trauma residents had the most difficulty adhering to the new duty-hour restrictions. Eighty-two percent of the respondents indicated that their residency programs have been forced to make changes to their call schedules or to hire ancillary staff to address the rules. The use of physician assistants, night-float systems, and so-called home-call assignments were the most common strategies used to achieve compliance. Resident attitudes toward the work rules are mixed. The rules have forced residency programs to restructure. Junior residents have more favorable attitudes toward the new standards than do senior residents. Self-reporting of duty hours is the most common method of monitoring in orthopaedic training programs. Such systems allow ample opportunity for inaccuracies in the measurement of hours worked. Although residents report an improved quality of life as a result of these new rules, the attitude that the quality of training is diminished persists.

29 CFR 785.12 - Work performed away from the premises or job site.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Work performed away from the premises or job site. 785.12... of Principles Employees âsuffered Or Permittedâ to Work § 785.12 Work performed away from the premises or job site. The rule is also applicable to work performed away from the premises or the job site...

B.L. v. M.L., 3 October 1988.

PubMed

1988-01-01

The court held that a wife who had not made either a direct or indirect contribution to the family home would be given a 50% beneficial interest in that home upon divorce a mensa et thoro. It based its ruling on Article 41.2 of the Irish Constitution, under which the State has a specific duty to try to ensure that mothers are not obliged by economic necessity to engage in work to the neglect of their duties in the home. It ruled that a woman should have her work as a homemaker and mother taken into account in calculating her contribution toward acquisition of the home. full text

Mining Research on Vibration Signal Association Rules of Quayside Container Crane Hoisting Motor Based on Apriori Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chencheng; Tang, Gang; Hu, Xiong

2017-07-01

Shore-hoisting motor in the daily work will produce a large number of vibration signal data,in order to analyze the correlation among the data and discover the fault and potential safety hazard of the motor, the data are discretized first, and then Apriori algorithm are used to mine the strong association rules among the data. The results show that the relationship between day 1 and day 16 is the most closely related, which can guide the staff to analyze the work of these two days of motor to find and solve the problem of fault and safety.

A theoretical framework for constructing elastic/plastic constitutive models of triaxial tests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collins, Ian F.; Hilder, Tamsyn

2002-11-01

Modern ideas of thermomechanics are used to develop families of models describing the elastic/plastic behaviour of cohesionless soils deforming under triaxial conditions. Once the form of the free energy and dissipation potential functions have been specified, the corresponding yield loci, flow rules, isotropic and kinematic hardening rules as well as the elasticity law are deduced in a systematic manner. The families contain the classical linear frictional (Coulomb type) models and the classical critical state models as special cases. The generalized models discussed here include non-associated flow rules, shear as well as volumetric hardening, anisotropic responses and rotational yield loci. The various parameters needed to describe the models can be interpreted in terms of ratio of the plastic work, which is dissipated, to that which is stored. Non-associated behaviour is found to occur whenever this division between dissipated and stored work is not equal. Micro-level interpretations of stored plastic work are discussed. The models automatically satisfy the laws of thermodynamics, and there is no need to invoke any stability postulates. Some classical forms of the peak-strength/dilatancy relationship are established theoretically. Some representative drained and undrained paths are computed.

The ethical implications of Paul Meehl's work on comparing clinical versus actuarial prediction methods.

PubMed

Dawes, Robyn M

2005-10-01

Paul E. Meehl's work comparing statistical versus actuarial prediction-and the large body of research that followed by others on the same topic-was mainly theoretical and empirical. Meehl also suggested that this work led to a "practical" conclusion, which was quite strong. The author argues that, in addition, it leads to an ethical conclusion, equally strong. Whether the scientific findings are combined with an overarching ethical principle that the best predictions possible should be made for clients, or whether these findings are framed as delineating what can be done for clients-and that clinicians ought not to attempt to do what they cannot-the conclusion is the same. Whenever statistical prediction rules (SPR's) are available for making a relevant prediction, they should be used in preference to intuition. Any modification of these rules should be systematic and subject to the same type of evaluation originally used to assess the SPR's themselves. It is even possible to develop near-optimal rules in new situations. Providing service that assumes that clinicians "can do better" simply based on self-confidence or plausibility in the absence of evidence that they can actually do so is simply unethical. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

76 FR 26232 - EPAAR Prescription for Work Assignments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-06

...: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amends the EPA Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR) to update policy, procedures, and contract clauses. The proposed rule provides revised language to the prescription for the work assignment clause, incorporating prescriptive language that provides further instructions...

48 CFR 752.231-71 - Salary supplements for HG employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... allowances for which the HG employee would qualify under HG rules or practice for the performance of his/hers..., honoraria and payment for work carried out outside of normal working hours are not considered to be salary...

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule: a practical guide for researchers.

PubMed

Gunn, Patrick P; Fremont, Allen M; Bottrell, Melissa; Shugarman, Lisa R; Galegher, Jolene; Bikson, Tora

2004-04-01

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule, intended to address potential threats to patient privacy posed by the computerization and standardization of medical records, provides a new floor level of federal protection for health information in all 50 states. In most cases, compliance with the Privacy Rule was required as of April 2003. Yet considerable confusion and concern remain about the Privacy Rule and the specific changes it requires in the way healthcare providers, health plans, and others use, maintain, and disclose health information. Researchers worry that the Privacy Rule could hinder their access to health information needed to conduct their research. In this article, we explain how the final version of the Privacy Rule governs disclosure of health information, assess implications of the Privacy Rule for research, and offer practical suggestions for researchers who require access to health information. The Privacy Rule is fundamentally changing the way that healthcare providers, health plans, and others use, maintain, and disclose health information and the steps that researchers must take to obtain health data. The Privacy Rule requires researchers who seek access to identifiable health information to obtain written authorization from subjects, or, alternatively, to demonstrate that their research protocols meet certain Privacy Rule requirements that permit access without written authorization. To ensure continued access to data, researchers will need to work more closely than before with healthcare providers, health plans, and other institutions that generate and maintain health information.

Hyper-heuristic Evolution of Dispatching Rules: A Comparison of Rule Representations.

PubMed

Branke, Jürgen; Hildebrandt, Torsten; Scholz-Reiter, Bernd

2015-01-01

Dispatching rules are frequently used for real-time, online scheduling in complex manufacturing systems. Design of such rules is usually done by experts in a time consuming trial-and-error process. Recently, evolutionary algorithms have been proposed to automate the design process. There are several possibilities to represent rules for this hyper-heuristic search. Because the representation determines the search neighborhood and the complexity of the rules that can be evolved, a suitable choice of representation is key for a successful evolutionary algorithm. In this paper we empirically compare three different representations, both numeric and symbolic, for automated rule design: A linear combination of attributes, a representation based on artificial neural networks, and a tree representation. Using appropriate evolutionary algorithms (CMA-ES for the neural network and linear representations, genetic programming for the tree representation), we empirically investigate the suitability of each representation in a dynamic stochastic job shop scenario. We also examine the robustness of the evolved dispatching rules against variations in the underlying job shop scenario, and visualize what the rules do, in order to get an intuitive understanding of their inner workings. Results indicate that the tree representation using an improved version of genetic programming gives the best results if many candidate rules can be evaluated, closely followed by the neural network representation that already leads to good results for small to moderate computational budgets. The linear representation is found to be competitive only for extremely small computational budgets.

Evolving fuzzy rules for relaxed-criteria negotiation.

PubMed

Sim, Kwang Mong

2008-12-01

In the literature on automated negotiation, very few negotiation agents are designed with the flexibility to slightly relax their negotiation criteria to reach a consensus more rapidly and with more certainty. Furthermore, these relaxed-criteria negotiation agents were not equipped with the ability to enhance their performance by learning and evolving their relaxed-criteria negotiation rules. The impetus of this work is designing market-driven negotiation agents (MDAs) that not only have the flexibility of relaxing bargaining criteria using fuzzy rules, but can also evolve their structures by learning new relaxed-criteria fuzzy rules to improve their negotiation outcomes as they participate in negotiations in more e-markets. To this end, an evolutionary algorithm for adapting and evolving relaxed-criteria fuzzy rules was developed. Implementing the idea in a testbed, two kinds of experiments for evaluating and comparing EvEMDAs (MDAs with relaxed-criteria rules that are evolved using the evolutionary algorithm) and EMDAs (MDAs with relaxed-criteria rules that are manually constructed) were carried out through stochastic simulations. Empirical results show that: 1) EvEMDAs generally outperformed EMDAs in different types of e-markets and 2) the negotiation outcomes of EvEMDAs generally improved as they negotiated in more e-markets.

The Path to Advanced Practice Licensure for Clinical Nurse Specialists in Washington State.

PubMed

Schoonover, Heather

The aim of this study was to provide a review of the history and process to obtaining advanced practice licensure for clinical nurse specialists in Washington State. Before 2016, Washington State licensed certified nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, and certified nurse anesthetists under the designation of an advanced registered nurse practitioner; however, the state did not recognize clinical nurse specialists as advanced practice nurses. The work to drive the rule change began in 2007. The Washington Affiliate of the National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists used the Power Elite Theory to guide advocacy activities, building coalitions and support for the desired rule changes. On January 8, 2016, the Washington State Nursing Care Quality Assurance Commission voted to amend the state's advanced practice rules, including clinical nurse specialists in the designation of an advanced practice nurse. Since the rule revision, clinical nurse specialists in Washington State have been granted advanced registered nurse practitioner licenses. Driving changes in state regulatory rules requires diligent advocacy, partnership, and a deep understanding of the state's rule-making processes. To be successful in changing rules, clinical nurse specialists must build strong partnerships with key influencers and understand the steps in practice required to make the desired changes.

Rules out of Roles: Differences in Play Language and Their Developmental Significance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Yongho; Kellogg, David

2007-01-01

Using a discourse analytic approach from the work of Hoey (1991) and a dual processing model from Wray (2000), this paper compares the language produced by the same classes of children when they are engaged in role-play and when they are playing rule-based games. We find that role-play tends to be richer in "frozen" pair parts, where the responses…

Conference Rules, Part 2: How to Present Papers at a Scholarly Conference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerber, Linda K.

2008-01-01

The purpose of the seven rules discussed in this article is to enable the presenter to embrace his/her anxieties and put them to work: (1) Observe time limits scrupulously; (2) Write for the real audience (a paper written for the ears to hear is different from a paper written for the eyes to read); (3) Rehearse; (4) Refrain from fidgeting; (5)…

The Reasons Young Children Give to Peers When Explaining Their Judgments of Moral and Conventional Rules

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mammen, Maria; Köymen, Bahar; Tomasello, Michael

2018-01-01

Moral justifications work, when they do, by invoking values that are shared in the common ground of the interlocutors. We asked 3- and 5-year-old peer dyads (N = 144) to identify and punish norm transgressors. In the moral condition, the transgressor violated a moral norm (e.g., by stealing); in the social rules condition, she/he violated a…

The System of Textbook Approval in Poland under Communist Rule (1944-1989) as a Tool of Power of the Regime

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wojdon, Joanna

2015-01-01

This paper analyses the process of production and regulation of school textbooks in Poland under communist rule. The stages of textbook approval were as follows: selection of authors; editorial work at the publishing house; discussions in the commissions of the Ministry of Education; decisions of the censorship office. It is argued that the Polish…

20 CFR 652.210 - What are the Act's requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; and (3) UI program staff receive information about UI claimants' ability or availability for work, or... administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? 652.210 Section 652.210 Employees' Benefits... requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? (a) State UI law or rules...

20 CFR 652.210 - What are the Act's requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; and (3) UI program staff receive information about UI claimants' ability or availability for work, or... administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? 652.210 Section 652.210 Employees' Benefits... requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? (a) State UI law or rules...

20 CFR 652.210 - What are the Act's requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...; and (3) UI program staff receive information about UI claimants' ability or availability for work, or... administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? 652.210 Section 652.210 Employees' Benefits... requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? (a) State UI law or rules...

20 CFR 652.210 - What are the Act's requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; and (3) UI program staff receive information about UI claimants' ability or availability for work, or... administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? 652.210 Section 652.210 Employees' Benefits... requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? (a) State UI law or rules...

20 CFR 652.210 - What are the Act's requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; and (3) UI program staff receive information about UI claimants' ability or availability for work, or... administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? 652.210 Section 652.210 Employees' Benefits... requirements for administration of the work test and assistance to UI claimants? (a) State UI law or rules...

Revisiting the rotating call schedule in less than 80 hours per week.

PubMed

Roses, Robert E; Foley, Paul J; Paulson, Emily C; Pray, Lori; Kelz, Rachel R; Williams, Noel N; Morris, Jon B

2009-01-01

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) work-hour restrictions have prompted many surgical training programs to adopt a night-float resident coverage system (NF). Dissatisfaction with NF prompted us to transition to a rotating junior resident call model (Q4) with 24-hour call shifts at the outset of the 2007-2008 academic year. We performed a prospective study to determine the influence of this transition on resident education, morale, and quality of life, as well as on ACGME work rule compliance and American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) scores. Residents were surveyed after 1 year of NF and again 1 year after the introduction of Q4. Responses to a series of statements about the influence of the call model (NF or Q4) on educational opportunities and morale were solicited. The survey used a 5-point Likert response scale (1 = complete disagreement to 5 = complete agreement). Median values of participant responses were calculated and compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Compliance with ACGME work rules, ABSITE scores, and operative case logs from the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 academic years were also compared. Residents were significantly more enthusiastic about Q4 compared with NF, particularly when asked about the influence these systems had on morale (median response = 4.0 [Q4] compared with 2.0 [NF]; p = 0.001) and engagement of residents by the teaching faculty (median response = 4.0 [Q4] compared with 1.0 [NF]; p = 0.001). Case logs revealed a similar operative experience for first-year residents irrespective of the call schedule (p = 0.51). Excellent compliance with ACGME work rules was maintained as reflected by the percentage of monthly 80-hour violations per resident months worked (3% [Q4] compared with 0.7% [NF]). No difference was observed in the ABSITE scores of first-year residents (a mean percentile point increase of 1 was found after the introduction of Q4). Educational opportunities, compliance with ACGME work rules, and ABSITE scores can be preserved despite a transition from NF to Q4. Residents greatly prefer a rotating call schedule.

DTFP-Growth: Dynamic Threshold-Based FP-Growth Rule Mining Algorithm Through Integrating Gene Expression, Methylation, and Protein-Protein Interaction Profiles.

PubMed

Mallik, Saurav; Bhadra, Tapas; Mukherji, Ayan; Mallik, Saurav; Bhadra, Tapas; Mukherji, Ayan; Mallik, Saurav; Bhadra, Tapas; Mukherji, Ayan

2018-04-01

Association rule mining is an important technique for identifying interesting relationships between gene pairs in a biological data set. Earlier methods basically work for a single biological data set, and, in maximum cases, a single minimum support cutoff can be applied globally, i.e., across all genesets/itemsets. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose dynamic threshold-based FP-growth rule mining algorithm that integrates gene expression, methylation and protein-protein interaction profiles based on weighted shortest distance to find the novel associations among different pairs of genes in multi-view data sets. For this purpose, we introduce three new thresholds, namely, Distance-based Variable/Dynamic Supports (DVS), Distance-based Variable Confidences (DVC), and Distance-based Variable Lifts (DVL) for each rule by integrating co-expression, co-methylation, and protein-protein interactions existed in the multi-omics data set. We develop the proposed algorithm utilizing these three novel multiple threshold measures. In the proposed algorithm, the values of , , and are computed for each rule separately, and subsequently it is verified whether the support, confidence, and lift of each evolved rule are greater than or equal to the corresponding individual , , and values, respectively, or not. If all these three conditions for a rule are found to be true, the rule is treated as a resultant rule. One of the major advantages of the proposed method compared with other related state-of-the-art methods is that it considers both the quantitative and interactive significance among all pairwise genes belonging to each rule. Moreover, the proposed method generates fewer rules, takes less running time, and provides greater biological significance for the resultant top-ranking rules compared to previous methods.

76 FR 35801 - Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines and Pattern of Violations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

..., 1219-AB73 Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines and Pattern of Violations AGENCY: Mine... public hearings on the Agency's proposed rules for Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines... Underground Coal Mines' submissions, and with ``RIN 1219-AB73'' for Pattern of Violations' submissions...

76 FR 11187 - Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines for Violations of Mandatory Health or Safety...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-01

... Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines for Violations of Mandatory Health or Safety Standards... rule addressing Examinations of Work Areas in Underground Coal Mines for Violations of Mandatory Health..., and weekly examinations of underground coal mines. This extension gives commenters an additional 30...

20 CFR 416.960 - When we will consider your vocational background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... applying for supplemental security income benefits based on disability, and we cannot decide whether you... in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (b) Past relevant work. We will first compare our... work. See § 416.920(h) for an exception to this rule. (1) Definition of past relevant work. Past...

20 CFR 416.960 - When we will consider your vocational background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... applying for supplemental security income benefits based on disability, and we cannot decide whether you... in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (b) Past relevant work. We will first compare our... work. See § 416.920(h) for an exception to this rule. (1) Definition of past relevant work. Past...

26 CFR 31.3221-3 - Supplemental tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... case of an office worker who receives an annual salary based on an 8-hour, 5-day-a-week work schedule... is imposed for each work-hour for which the employer pays compensation, as defined in section 3231(e... provides rules for determining the number of taxable work-hours. (2) Overview. Paragraph (b) of this...

Uncovering and Explaining Variance in the Features and Outcomes of Contingent Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lautsch, Brenda A.

2002-01-01

Internal labor market theory and data from two case studies were used to construct four models of contingent work (integration, seasonal, separation, two tier) with different performance objectives, technology, work practices, and worker outcomes. Each model involved practices related to job descriptions, wage, rules, and career ladders that…

Perception of the Work Environment and Support for Open Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Dennis R.; And Others

1978-01-01

Forty male and 45 female educators were administered the Work Preference Schedule and the Barth Scale for purposes of determining the relationship between educators' perceptions of work environment and degree of support for open education. Those supporting open education tended not to prefer rules, regulations, and standard operating procedures.…

Facilitating Interdisciplinary Work: Using Quality Assessment to Create Common Ground

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oberg, Gunilla

2009-01-01

Newcomers often underestimate the challenges of interdisciplinary work and, as a rule, do not spend sufficient time to allow them to overcome differences and create common ground, which in turn leads to frustration, unresolved conflicts, and, in the worst case scenario, discontinued work. The key to successful collaboration is to facilitate the…

The neural basis for novel semantic categorization.

PubMed

Koenig, Phyllis; Smith, Edward E; Glosser, Guila; DeVita, Chris; Moore, Peachie; McMillan, Corey; Gee, Jim; Grossman, Murray

2005-01-15

We monitored regional cerebral activity with BOLD fMRI during acquisition of a novel semantic category and subsequent categorization of test stimuli by a rule-based strategy or a similarity-based strategy. We observed different patterns of activation in direct comparisons of rule- and similarity-based categorization. During rule-based category acquisition, subjects recruited anterior cingulate, thalamic, and parietal regions to support selective attention to perceptual features, and left inferior frontal cortex to helps maintain rules in working memory. Subsequent rule-based categorization revealed anterior cingulate and parietal activation while judging stimuli whose conformity with the rules was readily apparent, and left inferior frontal recruitment during judgments of stimuli whose conformity was less apparent. By comparison, similarity-based category acquisition showed recruitment of anterior prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, presumably to support successful retrieval of previously encountered exemplars from long-term memory, and bilateral temporal-parietal activation for perceptual feature integration. Subsequent similarity-based categorization revealed temporal-parietal, posterior cingulate, and anterior prefrontal activation. These findings suggest that large-scale networks support relatively distinct categorization processes during the acquisition and judgment of semantic category knowledge.

The study on dynamic cadastral coding rules based on kinship relationship

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Huan; Liu, Nan; Liu, Renyi; Lu, Jingfeng

2007-06-01

Cadastral coding rules are an important supplement to the existing national and local standard specifications for building cadastral database. After analyzing the course of cadastral change, especially the parcel change with the method of object-oriented analysis, a set of dynamic cadastral coding rules based on kinship relationship corresponding to the cadastral change is put forward and a coding format composed of street code, block code, father parcel code, child parcel code and grandchild parcel code is worked out within the county administrative area. The coding rule has been applied to the development of an urban cadastral information system called "ReGIS", which is not only able to figure out the cadastral code automatically according to both the type of parcel change and the coding rules, but also capable of checking out whether the code is spatiotemporally unique before the parcel is stored in the database. The system has been used in several cities of Zhejiang Province and got a favorable response. This verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the coding rules to some extent.

EDRN Breast and Ovary Cancer CVC, Study 2: Phase 3 retrospective validation of ovarian cancer early detection markers in serial preclinical samples from the PLCO trial — EDRN Public Portal

Cancer.gov

Over 70% of women with ovarian/fallopian tube cancer (OC) are diagnosed with advanced stage disease which has a 5-year relative survival rate of 30%. Five-year survival is 90% when disease is confined to the ovaries, but overall survival is poor because only 25% of cases are found early. Screening for ovarian cancer using tools with high sensitivity is potentially cost-effective, but because OC is so rare, very high specificity is needed to achieve an acceptable PPV. We have conducted preliminary work both in clinical and in preclinical (CARET) samples. We have identified candidate markers, developed assays for novel markers including HE4 and MSLN, and evaluated their diagnostic performance. We evaluated the markers’ contribution to a diagnostic panel in a standard set in order to identify the best of the candidates and developed methods for combining markers to define a decision rule for a marker panel. We found that our PEB rule yields comparable performance to the Single Threshold (ST) rule 2 years earlier, using the same two markers. The PEB makes an even larger contribution with the 4-marker panel. The 4-marker panel with the PEB rule represents a substantial improvement over any of the other decision rules as a first-line screen to select women for imaging. Our goal in the proposed work is to estimate the improvement in performance possible in the PLCO serial samples.

Fuzzylot: a novel self-organising fuzzy-neural rule-based pilot system for automated vehicles.

PubMed

Pasquier, M; Quek, C; Toh, M

2001-10-01

This paper presents part of our research work concerned with the realisation of an Intelligent Vehicle and the technologies required for its routing, navigation, and control. An automated driver prototype has been developed using a self-organising fuzzy rule-based system (POPFNN-CRI(S)) to model and subsequently emulate human driving expertise. The ability of fuzzy logic to represent vague information using linguistic variables makes it a powerful tool to develop rule-based control systems when an exact working model is not available, as is the case of any vehicle-driving task. Designing a fuzzy system, however, is a complex endeavour, due to the need to define the variables and their associated fuzzy sets, and determine a suitable rule base. Many efforts have thus been devoted to automating this process, yielding the development of learning and optimisation techniques. One of them is the family of POP-FNNs, or Pseudo-Outer Product Fuzzy Neural Networks (TVR, AARS(S), AARS(NS), CRI, Yager). These generic self-organising neural networks developed at the Intelligent Systems Laboratory (ISL/NTU) are based on formal fuzzy mathematical theory and are able to objectively extract a fuzzy rule base from training data. In this application, a driving simulator has been developed, that integrates a detailed model of the car dynamics, complete with engine characteristics and environmental parameters, and an OpenGL-based 3D-simulation interface coupled with driving wheel and accelerator/ brake pedals. The simulator has been used on various road scenarios to record from a human pilot driving data consisting of steering and speed control actions associated to road features. Specifically, the POPFNN-CRI(S) system is used to cluster the data and extract a fuzzy rule base modelling the human driving behaviour. Finally, the effectiveness of the generated rule base has been validated using the simulator in autopilot mode.

48 CFR 6103.302 - Filing claims [Rule 302].

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... received by the Office of the Clerk of the Board during the Board's working hours. The Board's mailing... is: (202) 606-0019. The Board's working hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Eastern Time, on each day...

77 FR 63831 - Consumer Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-17

... from its Disability Working Group concerning updating of the Commission's rules regarding Speech-to... recommendation for the Committee's consideration, also proposed by its Disability Working Group, urges the Commission to include people with disabilities, low income, and underserved populations in its Mobile Health...

A tweaking principle for executive control: neuronal circuit mechanism for rule-based task switching and conflict resolution.

PubMed

Ardid, Salva; Wang, Xiao-Jing

2013-12-11

A hallmark of executive control is the brain's agility to shift between different tasks depending on the behavioral rule currently in play. In this work, we propose a "tweaking hypothesis" for task switching: a weak rule signal provides a small bias that is dramatically amplified by reverberating attractor dynamics in neural circuits for stimulus categorization and action selection, leading to an all-or-none reconfiguration of sensory-motor mapping. Based on this principle, we developed a biologically realistic model with multiple modules for task switching. We found that the model quantitatively accounts for complex task switching behavior: switch cost, congruency effect, and task-response interaction; as well as monkey's single-neuron activity associated with task switching. The model yields several testable predictions, in particular, that category-selective neurons play a key role in resolving sensory-motor conflict. This work represents a neural circuit model for task switching and sheds insights in the brain mechanism of a fundamental cognitive capability.

On thermal conductivity of gas mixtures containing hydrogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhukov, Victor P.; Pätz, Markus

2017-06-01

A brief review of formulas used for the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures in CFD simulations of rocket combustion chambers is carried out in the present work. In most cases, the transport properties of mixtures are calculated from the properties of individual components using special mixing rules. The analysis of different mixing rules starts from basic equations and ends by very complex semi-empirical expressions. The formulas for the thermal conductivity are taken for the analysis from the works on modelling of rocket combustion chambers. \\hbox {H}_2{-}\\hbox {O}_2 mixtures are chosen for the evaluation of the accuracy of the considered mixing rules. The analysis shows that two of them, of Mathur et al. (Mol Phys 12(6):569-579, 1967), and of Mason and Saxena (Phys Fluids 1(5):361-369, 1958), have better agreement with the experimental data than other equations for the thermal conductivity of multicomponent gas mixtures.

Are organizational justice rules gendered? Reactions to men's and women's justice violations.

PubMed

Caleo, Suzette

2016-10-01

Research has shown that gender role prescriptions can bias reactions to men's and women's work behaviors. The current work draws upon this idea and extends it to consider violations of procedural and interactional justice rules. The results of four experimental studies demonstrate that men and women receive differential performance evaluation ratings and reward recommendations when they violate those organizational justice rules that coincide with the content of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Specifically, women were rated less favorably than men when they exhibited interactional injustice (Study 1 and Study 4), but not when they engaged in procedural injustice (Study 2). Findings also indicate that interactional justice violations (e.g., being impolite, not caring about the well-being of subordinates), but not procedural justice violations, are deemed less acceptable for female managers than male managers (Study 3). Overall, the findings suggest that reactions to injustice can be influenced by expectations of how men and women should behave. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

7 CFR 1753.77 - Methods of minor construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Minor Construction... Contract Form 773, “Miscellaneous Construction Work and Maintenance Services”, by RUS Contract Form 515, or by work order construction. The rules for using Form 515 for minor construction are contained in...

77 FR 54646 - Social Security Acquiescence Ruling (AR) 12-1(8); Correction; Petersen v. Astrue, 633 F.3d 633...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... Technician Who Worked in Noncovered Employment is Exempt From the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP)--Title... Cir. 2011); Whether a National Guard Technician Who Worked in Noncovered Employment is Exempt From the...

Research directed toward improved echelles for the ultraviolet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Research was undertaken to demonstrate that improved efficiencies for low frequency gratings are obtainable with the careful application of present technology. The motivation for the study was the desire to be assured that the grating-efficiency design goals for potential Space Telescope spectrographs can be achieved. The work was organized to compare gratings made with changes in the three specific parameters: the ruling tool profile, the coating material, and the lubricants used during the ruling process. A series of coatings and test gratings were fabricated and were examined for surface smoothness with a Nomarski Differential Interference Microscope and an electron microscope. Photomicrographs were obtained to show the difference in smoothness of the various coatings and rulings. Efficiency measurements were made for those test rulings that showed good groove characteristics: smoothness, proper ruling depth, and absence of defects. The intuitive feeling that higher grating efficiency should be correlated with the degree of smoothness of both the coating and the grating is supported by the results.

Impact of OSHA final rule--recording hearing loss: an analysis of an industrial audiometric dataset.

PubMed

Rabinowitz, Peter M; Slade, Martin; Dixon-Ernst, Christine; Sircar, Kanta; Cullen, Mark

2003-12-01

The 2003 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Occupational Injury and Illness Recording and Reporting Final Rule changed the definition of recordable work-related hearing loss. We performed a study of the Alcoa Inc. audiometric database to evaluate the impact of this new rule. The 2003 rule increased the rate of potentially recordable hearing loss events from 0.2% to 1.6% per year. A total of 68.6% of potentially recordable cases had American Academy of Audiology/American Medical Association (AAO/AMA) hearing impairment at the time of recordability. On average, recordable loss occurred after onset of impairment, whereas the non-age-corrected 10-dB standard threshold shift (STS) usually preceded impairment. The OSHA Final Rule will significantly increase recordable cases of occupational hearing loss. The new case definition is usually accompanied by AAO/AMA hearing impairment. Other, more sensitive metrics should therefore be used for early detection and prevention of hearing loss.

Complexity, Training Paradigm Design, and the Contribution of Memory Subsystems to Grammar Learning

PubMed Central

Ettlinger, Marc; Wong, Patrick C. M.

2016-01-01

Although there is variability in nonnative grammar learning outcomes, the contributions of training paradigm design and memory subsystems are not well understood. To examine this, we presented learners with an artificial grammar that formed words via simple and complex morphophonological rules. Across three experiments, we manipulated training paradigm design and measured subjects' declarative, procedural, and working memory subsystems. Experiment 1 demonstrated that passive, exposure-based training boosted learning of both simple and complex grammatical rules, relative to no training. Additionally, procedural memory correlated with simple rule learning, whereas declarative memory correlated with complex rule learning. Experiment 2 showed that presenting corrective feedback during the test phase did not improve learning. Experiment 3 revealed that structuring the order of training so that subjects are first exposed to the simple rule and then the complex improved learning. The cumulative findings shed light on the contributions of grammatical complexity, training paradigm design, and domain-general memory subsystems in determining grammar learning success. PMID:27391085

Molecular Dynamics Evaluation of Dielectric-Constant Mixing Rules for H2O-CO2 at Geologic Conditions

PubMed Central

Mountain, Raymond D.; Harvey, Allan H.

2015-01-01

Modeling of mineral reaction equilibria and aqueous-phase speciation of C-O-H fluids requires the dielectric constant of the fluid mixture, which is not known from experiment and is typically estimated by some rule for mixing pure-component values. In order to evaluate different proposed mixing rules, we use molecular dynamics simulation to calculate the dielectric constant of a model H2O–CO2 mixture at temperatures of 700 K and 1000 K at pressures up to 3 GPa. We find that theoretically based mixing rules that depend on combining the molar polarizations of the pure fluids systematically overestimate the dielectric constant of the mixture, as would be expected for mixtures of nonpolar and strongly polar components. The commonly used semiempirical mixing rule due to Looyenga works well for this system at the lower pressures studied, but somewhat underestimates the dielectric constant at higher pressures and densities, especially at the water-rich end of the composition range. PMID:26664009

Molecular Dynamics Evaluation of Dielectric-Constant Mixing Rules for H2O-CO2 at Geologic Conditions.

PubMed

Mountain, Raymond D; Harvey, Allan H

2015-10-01

Modeling of mineral reaction equilibria and aqueous-phase speciation of C-O-H fluids requires the dielectric constant of the fluid mixture, which is not known from experiment and is typically estimated by some rule for mixing pure-component values. In order to evaluate different proposed mixing rules, we use molecular dynamics simulation to calculate the dielectric constant of a model H 2 O-CO 2 mixture at temperatures of 700 K and 1000 K at pressures up to 3 GPa. We find that theoretically based mixing rules that depend on combining the molar polarizations of the pure fluids systematically overestimate the dielectric constant of the mixture, as would be expected for mixtures of nonpolar and strongly polar components. The commonly used semiempirical mixing rule due to Looyenga works well for this system at the lower pressures studied, but somewhat underestimates the dielectric constant at higher pressures and densities, especially at the water-rich end of the composition range.

26 CFR 1.132-5 - Working condition fringes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Assume further that the Daily Lease Value, as defined in § 1.61-21(d)(4)(ii), of each automobile is $50... prescribed in § 1.274-6T during a period with respect to a vehicle (as defined in § 1.61-21(e)(2)), that rule... further that the special rule provided in § 1.61-21(d) is used yielding an Annual Lease Value, as defined...

OSHA sets final ergonomics rule.

PubMed

Tabone, S

2001-02-01

After years of advocating for an ergonomic regulation through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), at last on November 14, 2000, the final standards were issued. The OSHA Ergonomic Standards are designed to prevent musculoskeletal injury by matching workplace conditions to job demands. This rule will provide long awaited relief to nurses in direct care who have worked for years without benefit, in most cases, of technology that could have prevented ergonomic injury.

Analyzing Divisia Rules Extracted from a Feedforward Neural Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

assumptions. (Barnett and work, Data Mining, Rule Generation Serletis give a detailed treatment of the the- ory of monetary aggregation [1].) However, 1... Serletis , A. (Eds.) (2000), The The- Swizerland, 1995. ory of Monetary Aggregation, North-H ollandeAmsterdam, Chgaptero , pp.- [11] Vincent A. Schmidt and...gas, Nevada, 2002. sets. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 1:485-512, 1997. Reprinted in Barnett, WA. [12] Vincent A. Schmidt and Jane M. Binner. and Serletis

A Rule-Based Policy-Level Model of Nonsuperpower Behavior in Strategic Conflicts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

a mechanism. The human mind tends to work linearly and to focus implicitly on a few variables. Experience results in subconscious models with far...which is slower. Alternatives to the current ROSIE implementation include reprogramming Scenario Agent in the C language (the language used for the Red...perception, opportunity perception, opportunity response, and assertiveness. As rules are refined, maintenance and reprogramming of the model will be required

Scalable Adaptive Architectures for Maritime Operations Center Command and Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-06

the project to investigate the possibility of using earlier work on the validation and verification of rule bases in addressing the dynamically ...support the organization. To address the dynamically changing rules of engagement of a maritime force as it crosses different geographical areas, GMU... dynamic analysis, makes use of an Occurrence Graph that corresponds to the dynamics (or execution) of the Petri Net, to capture properties

Association algorithm to mine the rules that govern enzyme definition and to classify protein sequences.

PubMed

Chiu, Shih-Hau; Chen, Chien-Chi; Yuan, Gwo-Fang; Lin, Thy-Hou

2006-06-15

The number of sequences compiled in many genome projects is growing exponentially, but most of them have not been characterized experimentally. An automatic annotation scheme must be in an urgent need to reduce the gap between the amount of new sequences produced and reliable functional annotation. This work proposes rules for automatically classifying the fungus genes. The approach involves elucidating the enzyme classifying rule that is hidden in UniProt protein knowledgebase and then applying it for classification. The association algorithm, Apriori, is utilized to mine the relationship between the enzyme class and significant InterPro entries. The candidate rules are evaluated for their classificatory capacity. There were five datasets collected from the Swiss-Prot for establishing the annotation rules. These were treated as the training sets. The TrEMBL entries were treated as the testing set. A correct enzyme classification rate of 70% was obtained for the prokaryote datasets and a similar rate of about 80% was obtained for the eukaryote datasets. The fungus training dataset which lacks an enzyme class description was also used to evaluate the fungus candidate rules. A total of 88 out of 5085 test entries were matched with the fungus rule set. These were otherwise poorly annotated using their functional descriptions. The feasibility of using the method presented here to classify enzyme classes based on the enzyme domain rules is evident. The rules may be also employed by the protein annotators in manual annotation or implemented in an automatic annotation flowchart.

ConGEMs: Condensed Gene Co-Expression Module Discovery Through Rule-Based Clustering and Its Application to Carcinogenesis.

PubMed

Mallik, Saurav; Zhao, Zhongming

2017-12-28

For transcriptomic analysis, there are numerous microarray-based genomic data, especially those generated for cancer research. The typical analysis measures the difference between a cancer sample-group and a matched control group for each transcript or gene. Association rule mining is used to discover interesting item sets through rule-based methodology. Thus, it has advantages to find causal effect relationships between the transcripts. In this work, we introduce two new rule-based similarity measures-weighted rank-based Jaccard and Cosine measures-and then propose a novel computational framework to detect condensed gene co-expression modules ( C o n G E M s) through the association rule-based learning system and the weighted similarity scores. In practice, the list of evolved condensed markers that consists of both singular and complex markers in nature depends on the corresponding condensed gene sets in either antecedent or consequent of the rules of the resultant modules. In our evaluation, these markers could be supported by literature evidence, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway and Gene Ontology annotations. Specifically, we preliminarily identified differentially expressed genes using an empirical Bayes test. A recently developed algorithm-RANWAR-was then utilized to determine the association rules from these genes. Based on that, we computed the integrated similarity scores of these rule-based similarity measures between each rule-pair, and the resultant scores were used for clustering to identify the co-expressed rule-modules. We applied our method to a gene expression dataset for lung squamous cell carcinoma and a genome methylation dataset for uterine cervical carcinogenesis. Our proposed module discovery method produced better results than the traditional gene-module discovery measures. In summary, our proposed rule-based method is useful for exploring biomarker modules from transcriptomic data.

An improved cellular automaton method to model multispecies biofilms.

PubMed

Tang, Youneng; Valocchi, Albert J

2013-10-01

Biomass-spreading rules used in previous cellular automaton methods to simulate multispecies biofilm introduced extensive mixing between different biomass species or resulted in spatially discontinuous biomass concentration and distribution; this caused results based on the cellular automaton methods to deviate from experimental results and those from the more computationally intensive continuous method. To overcome the problems, we propose new biomass-spreading rules in this work: Excess biomass spreads by pushing a line of grid cells that are on the shortest path from the source grid cell to the destination grid cell, and the fractions of different biomass species in the grid cells on the path change due to the spreading. To evaluate the new rules, three two-dimensional simulation examples are used to compare the biomass distribution computed using the continuous method and three cellular automaton methods, one based on the new rules and the other two based on rules presented in two previous studies. The relationship between the biomass species is syntrophic in one example and competitive in the other two examples. Simulation results generated using the cellular automaton method based on the new rules agree much better with the continuous method than do results using the other two cellular automaton methods. The new biomass-spreading rules are no more complex to implement than the existing rules. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wizard of Work. V.A. Employment & Training Project. The Magic Continues. Final Report & Project Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaither, Dick; Baker, John

An Indianapolis (Indiana) project gave disadvantaged junior high and high school students summer jobs in various departments of a Veterans' Administration hospital. The project combined work with at least 1 hour per day of computerized instruction in basic mathematics and language, work maturity, and specific job competencies. Rules were strict,…

Swift and Smart Decision Making: Heuristics that Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoy, Wayne K.; Tarter, C. J.

2010-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the research literature on decision making and identify and develop a set of heuristics that work for school decision makers. Design/methodology/approach: This analysis is a synthesis of the research on decision-making heuristics that work. Findings: A set of nine rules for swift and smart decision…

A New Safety Net for Low-Income Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zedlewski, Sheila; Chaudry, Ajay; Simms, Margaret

2008-01-01

During the 1990s, the federal government promised low-income families that work would pay. Parents moved into jobs in response to new welfare rules requiring work, tax credits and other work supports that boosted take-home pay. Unfortunately, the record shows that low-income families have not progressed much. Many do not bring home enough to cover…

76 FR 11844 - Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee; Transport Airplane and Engine Issue Area-Phase 2 of Low...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... new designs, the working group should state the rationale and not repeat the information previously... design changes, or would an operational rule be sufficient? In responding, the working group should... the public that the ARAC working group has completed activity for Phase 1 of the task and will begin...

Are Parental Welfare Work Requirements Good for Disadvantaged Children? Evidence from Age-of-Youngest-Child Exemptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herbst, Chris M.

2017-01-01

This paper assesses the impact of welfare reform's parental work requirements on low-income children's cognitive and social-emotional development. The identification strategy exploits an important feature of the work requirement rules--namely, age-of-youngest-child exemptions--as a source of quasi-experimental variation in first-year maternal…

Investigation of model-based physical design restrictions (Invited Paper)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucas, Kevin; Baron, Stanislas; Belledent, Jerome; Boone, Robert; Borjon, Amandine; Couderc, Christophe; Patterson, Kyle; Riviere-Cazaux, Lionel; Rody, Yves; Sundermann, Frank; Toublan, Olivier; Trouiller, Yorick; Urbani, Jean-Christophe; Wimmer, Karl

2005-05-01

As lithography and other patterning processes become more complex and more non-linear with each generation, the task of physical design rules necessarily increases in complexity also. The goal of the physical design rules is to define the boundary between the physical layout structures which will yield well from those which will not. This is essentially a rule-based pre-silicon guarantee of layout correctness. However the rapid increase in design rule requirement complexity has created logistical problems for both the design and process functions. Therefore, similar to the semiconductor industry's transition from rule-based to model-based optical proximity correction (OPC) due to increased patterning complexity, opportunities for improving physical design restrictions by implementing model-based physical design methods are evident. In this paper we analyze the possible need and applications for model-based physical design restrictions (MBPDR). We first analyze the traditional design rule evolution, development and usage methodologies for semiconductor manufacturers. Next we discuss examples of specific design rule challenges requiring new solution methods in the patterning regime of low K1 lithography and highly complex RET. We then evaluate possible working strategies for MBPDR in the process development and product design flows, including examples of recent model-based pre-silicon verification techniques. Finally we summarize with a proposed flow and key considerations for MBPDR implementation.

Chiral corrections to the Adler-Weisberger sum rule

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beane, Silas R.; Klco, Natalie

2016-12-01

The Adler-Weisberger sum rule for the nucleon axial-vector charge, gA , offers a unique signature of chiral symmetry and its breaking in QCD. Its derivation relies on both algebraic aspects of chiral symmetry, which guarantee the convergence of the sum rule, and dynamical aspects of chiral symmetry breaking—as exploited using chiral perturbation theory—which allow the rigorous inclusion of explicit chiral symmetry breaking effects due to light-quark masses. The original derivations obtained the sum rule in the chiral limit and, without the benefit of chiral perturbation theory, made various attempts at extrapolating to nonvanishing pion masses. In this paper, the leading, universal, chiral corrections to the chiral-limit sum rule are obtained. Using PDG data, a recent parametrization of the pion-nucleon total cross sections in the resonance region given by the SAID group, as well as recent Roy-Steiner equation determinations of subthreshold amplitudes, threshold parameters, and correlated low-energy constants, the Adler-Weisberger sum rule is confronted with experimental data. With uncertainty estimates associated with the cross-section parametrization, the Goldberger-Treimann discrepancy, and the truncation of the sum rule at O (Mπ4) in the chiral expansion, this work finds gA=1.248 ±0.010 ±0.007 ±0.013 .

Learning temporal rules to forecast instability in continuously monitored patients

PubMed Central

Dubrawski, Artur; Wang, Donghan; Hravnak, Marilyn; Clermont, Gilles; Pinsky, Michael R

2017-01-01

Inductive machine learning, and in particular extraction of association rules from data, has been successfully used in multiple application domains, such as market basket analysis, disease prognosis, fraud detection, and protein sequencing. The appeal of rule extraction techniques stems from their ability to handle intricate problems yet produce models based on rules that can be comprehended by humans, and are therefore more transparent. Human comprehension is a factor that may improve adoption and use of data-driven decision support systems clinically via face validity. In this work, we explore whether we can reliably and informatively forecast cardiorespiratory instability (CRI) in step-down unit (SDU) patients utilizing data from continuous monitoring of physiologic vital sign (VS) measurements. We use a temporal association rule extraction technique in conjunction with a rule fusion protocol to learn how to forecast CRI in continuously monitored patients. We detail our approach and present and discuss encouraging empirical results obtained using continuous multivariate VS data from the bedside monitors of 297 SDU patients spanning 29 346 hours (3.35 patient-years) of observation. We present example rules that have been learned from data to illustrate potential benefits of comprehensibility of the extracted models, and we analyze the empirical utility of each VS as a potential leading indicator of an impending CRI event. PMID:27274020

Analyzing Large Gene Expression and Methylation Data Profiles Using StatBicRM: Statistical Biclustering-Based Rule Mining

PubMed Central

Maulik, Ujjwal; Mallik, Saurav; Mukhopadhyay, Anirban; Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra

2015-01-01

Microarray and beadchip are two most efficient techniques for measuring gene expression and methylation data in bioinformatics. Biclustering deals with the simultaneous clustering of genes and samples. In this article, we propose a computational rule mining framework, StatBicRM (i.e., statistical biclustering-based rule mining) to identify special type of rules and potential biomarkers using integrated approaches of statistical and binary inclusion-maximal biclustering techniques from the biological datasets. At first, a novel statistical strategy has been utilized to eliminate the insignificant/low-significant/redundant genes in such way that significance level must satisfy the data distribution property (viz., either normal distribution or non-normal distribution). The data is then discretized and post-discretized, consecutively. Thereafter, the biclustering technique is applied to identify maximal frequent closed homogeneous itemsets. Corresponding special type of rules are then extracted from the selected itemsets. Our proposed rule mining method performs better than the other rule mining algorithms as it generates maximal frequent closed homogeneous itemsets instead of frequent itemsets. Thus, it saves elapsed time, and can work on big dataset. Pathway and Gene Ontology analyses are conducted on the genes of the evolved rules using David database. Frequency analysis of the genes appearing in the evolved rules is performed to determine potential biomarkers. Furthermore, we also classify the data to know how much the evolved rules are able to describe accurately the remaining test (unknown) data. Subsequently, we also compare the average classification accuracy, and other related factors with other rule-based classifiers. Statistical significance tests are also performed for verifying the statistical relevance of the comparative results. Here, each of the other rule mining methods or rule-based classifiers is also starting with the same post-discretized data-matrix. Finally, we have also included the integrated analysis of gene expression and methylation for determining epigenetic effect (viz., effect of methylation) on gene expression level. PMID:25830807

Analyzing large gene expression and methylation data profiles using StatBicRM: statistical biclustering-based rule mining.

PubMed

Maulik, Ujjwal; Mallik, Saurav; Mukhopadhyay, Anirban; Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra

2015-01-01

Microarray and beadchip are two most efficient techniques for measuring gene expression and methylation data in bioinformatics. Biclustering deals with the simultaneous clustering of genes and samples. In this article, we propose a computational rule mining framework, StatBicRM (i.e., statistical biclustering-based rule mining) to identify special type of rules and potential biomarkers using integrated approaches of statistical and binary inclusion-maximal biclustering techniques from the biological datasets. At first, a novel statistical strategy has been utilized to eliminate the insignificant/low-significant/redundant genes in such way that significance level must satisfy the data distribution property (viz., either normal distribution or non-normal distribution). The data is then discretized and post-discretized, consecutively. Thereafter, the biclustering technique is applied to identify maximal frequent closed homogeneous itemsets. Corresponding special type of rules are then extracted from the selected itemsets. Our proposed rule mining method performs better than the other rule mining algorithms as it generates maximal frequent closed homogeneous itemsets instead of frequent itemsets. Thus, it saves elapsed time, and can work on big dataset. Pathway and Gene Ontology analyses are conducted on the genes of the evolved rules using David database. Frequency analysis of the genes appearing in the evolved rules is performed to determine potential biomarkers. Furthermore, we also classify the data to know how much the evolved rules are able to describe accurately the remaining test (unknown) data. Subsequently, we also compare the average classification accuracy, and other related factors with other rule-based classifiers. Statistical significance tests are also performed for verifying the statistical relevance of the comparative results. Here, each of the other rule mining methods or rule-based classifiers is also starting with the same post-discretized data-matrix. Finally, we have also included the integrated analysis of gene expression and methylation for determining epigenetic effect (viz., effect of methylation) on gene expression level.

18 CFR 12.40 - Quality control programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PROJECT WORKS Other Responsibilities of Applicant or Licensee § 12.40 Quality control programs. (a) General rule. During any construction, repair, or modification of project works, including any corrective... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Quality control...

18 CFR 12.40 - Quality control programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PROJECT WORKS Other Responsibilities of Applicant or Licensee § 12.40 Quality control programs. (a) General rule. During any construction, repair, or modification of project works, including any corrective... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Quality control...

18 CFR 12.40 - Quality control programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PROJECT WORKS Other Responsibilities of Applicant or Licensee § 12.40 Quality control programs. (a) General rule. During any construction, repair, or modification of project works, including any corrective... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Quality control...

[Some similarities between the work of M.C. Escher and plastic surgery].

PubMed

Marck, K W

2002-12-21

At first sight there would appear to be no similarities between the work of the Dutch graphic artist M.C. Escher and plastic surgery. M.C. Escher was a gifted graphic artist who produced a large collection of work. Most of his fame is due to the works that play with symmetry, space and infinity and leave the viewer astounded. However, how Escher came to produce these works is less well known. A theory which he developed himself formed the basis of the regular plane division. It later became apparent that this theory almost completely agreed with the mathematics of plane division. Two movements (isometries) defined in mathematics, translation and rotation, are equivalent to two techniques for transferring local skin in plastic surgery, namely, advancement and transposition. Escher's performance on the plane of a sheet of paper and a plastic surgeon's performance on the plane of the skin, therefore have a similar mathematical background. Escher has visualised these mathematical rules in an unusual and artistic manner, whereas plastic surgeons apply these rules in the grace of an elastic and healing nature.

Combating Corruption: How the Rule of Law Can Defeat a Culture of Impunity in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

empowerment of the Afghan public to participate in accountable and transparent government.95 Presently, the Justice Sector Support Program ( JSSP ) is...engaged in a multi-prong effort to develop and strengthen the capacity of the Afghan criminal justice sector.96 JSSP works with state justice...enforce the rule of law.101 Measuring Success Through CJIATF-Shafafiyat, JSSP , and similar efforts, formal justice institutions have been

Maximizing Intelligence Sharing Within the Los Angeles Police Department

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

p. 31). 13 one set of rules the gangs’ rules, and their loyalty is usually first and foremost to the group itself, not the city or country in...evaporating distinctions between the groups as the following compelling example demonstrates. Diana Dean, a U.S. Customs Inspector working Port...to flee the location but was pursued by three agents. The customs officials thought they were dealing with a drug smuggler. However, the lone

Assessment of Solder Joint Fatigue Life Under Realistic Service Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamasha, Sa'd.; Jaradat, Younis; Qasaimeh, Awni; Obaidat, Mazin; Borgesen, Peter

2014-12-01

The behavior of lead-free solder alloys under complex loading scenarios is still not well understood. Common damage accumulation rules fail to account for strong effects of variations in cycling amplitude, and random vibration test results cannot be interpreted in terms of performance under realistic service conditions. This is a result of the effects of cycling parameters on materials properties. These effects are not yet fully understood or quantitatively predictable, preventing modeling based on parameters such as strain, work, or entropy. Depending on the actual spectrum of amplitudes, Miner's rule of linear damage accumulation has been shown to overestimate life by more than an order of magnitude, and greater errors are predicted for other combinations. Consequences may be particularly critical for so-called environmental stress screening. Damage accumulation has, however, been shown to scale with the inelastic work done, even if amplitudes vary. This and the observation of effects of loading history on subsequent work per cycle provide for a modified damage accumulation rule which allows for the prediction of life. Individual joints of four different Sn-Ag-Cu-based solder alloys (SAC305, SAC105, SAC-Ni, and SACXplus) were cycled in shear at room temperature, alternating between two different amplitudes while monitoring the evolution of the effective stiffness and work per cycle. This helped elucidate general trends and behaviors that are expected to occur in vibrations of microelectronics assemblies. Deviations from Miner's rule varied systematically with the combination of amplitudes, the sequences of cycles, and the strain rates in each. The severity of deviations also varied systematically with Ag content in the solder, but major effects were observed for all the alloys. A systematic analysis was conducted to assess whether scenarios might exist in which the more fatigue-resistant high-Ag alloys would fail sooner than the lower-Ag ones.

Aspiration dynamics in structured population acts as if in a well-mixed one.

PubMed

Du, Jinming; Wu, Bin; Wang, Long

2015-01-26

Understanding the evolution of human interactive behaviors is important. Recent experimental results suggest that human cooperation in spatial structured population is not enhanced as predicted in previous works, when payoff-dependent imitation updating rules are used. This constraint opens up an avenue to shed light on how humans update their strategies in real life. Studies via simulations show that, instead of comparison rules, self-evaluation driven updating rules may explain why spatial structure does not alter the evolutionary outcome. Though inspiring, there is a lack of theoretical result to show the existence of such evolutionary updating rule. Here we study the aspiration dynamics, and show that it does not alter the evolutionary outcome in various population structures. Under weak selection, by analytical approximation, we find that the favored strategy in regular graphs is invariant. Further, we show that this is because the criterion under which a strategy is favored is the same as that of a well-mixed population. By simulation, we show that this holds for random networks. Although how humans update their strategies is an open question to be studied, our results provide a theoretical foundation of the updating rules that may capture the real human updating rules.

An evaluation of rise time characterization and prediction methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Leick D.

1994-01-01

One common method of extrapolating sonic boom waveforms from aircraft to ground is to calculate the nonlinear distortion, and then add a rise time to each shock by a simple empirical rule. One common rule is the '3 over P' rule which calculates the rise time in milliseconds as three divided by the shock amplitude in psf. This rule was compared with the results of ZEPHYRUS, a comprehensive algorithm which calculates sonic boom propagation and extrapolation with the combined effects of nonlinearity, attenuation, dispersion, geometric spreading, and refraction in a stratified atmosphere. It is shown there that the simple empirical rule considerably overestimates the rise time estimate. In addition, the empirical rule does not account for variations in the rise time due to humidity variation or propagation history. It is also demonstrated that the rise time is only an approximate indicator of perceived loudness. Three waveforms with identical characteristics (shock placement, amplitude, and rise time), but with different shock shapes, are shown to give different calculated loudness. This paper is based in part on work performed at the Applied Research Laboratories, the University of Texas at Austin, and supported by NASA Langley.

Monitoring Agents for Assisting NASA Engineers with Shuttle Ground Processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Semmel, Glenn S.; Davis, Steven R.; Leucht, Kurt W.; Rowe, Danil A.; Smith, Kevin E.; Boeloeni, Ladislau

2005-01-01

The Spaceport Processing Systems Branch at NASA Kennedy Space Center has designed, developed, and deployed a rule-based agent to monitor the Space Shuttle's ground processing telemetry stream. The NASA Engineering Shuttle Telemetry Agent increases situational awareness for system and hardware engineers during ground processing of the Shuttle's subsystems. The agent provides autonomous monitoring of the telemetry stream and automatically alerts system engineers when user defined conditions are satisfied. Efficiency and safety are improved through increased automation. Sandia National Labs' Java Expert System Shell is employed as the agent's rule engine. The shell's predicate logic lends itself well to capturing the heuristics and specifying the engineering rules within this domain. The declarative paradigm of the rule-based agent yields a highly modular and scalable design spanning multiple subsystems of the Shuttle. Several hundred monitoring rules have been written thus far with corresponding notifications sent to Shuttle engineers. This chapter discusses the rule-based telemetry agent used for Space Shuttle ground processing. We present the problem domain along with design and development considerations such as information modeling, knowledge capture, and the deployment of the product. We also present ongoing work with other condition monitoring agents.

A novel methodology for building robust design rules by using design based metrology (DBM)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Myeongdong; Choi, Seiryung; Choi, Jinwoo; Kim, Jeahyun; Sung, Hyunju; Yeo, Hyunyoung; Shim, Myoungseob; Jin, Gyoyoung; Chung, Eunseung; Roh, Yonghan

2013-03-01

This paper addresses a methodology for building robust design rules by using design based metrology (DBM). Conventional method for building design rules has been using a simulation tool and a simple pattern spider mask. At the early stage of the device, the estimation of simulation tool is poor. And the evaluation of the simple pattern spider mask is rather subjective because it depends on the experiential judgment of an engineer. In this work, we designed a huge number of pattern situations including various 1D and 2D design structures. In order to overcome the difficulties of inspecting many types of patterns, we introduced Design Based Metrology (DBM) of Nano Geometry Research, Inc. And those mass patterns could be inspected at a fast speed with DBM. We also carried out quantitative analysis on PWQ silicon data to estimate process variability. Our methodology demonstrates high speed and accuracy for building design rules. All of test patterns were inspected within a few hours. Mass silicon data were handled with not personal decision but statistical processing. From the results, robust design rules are successfully verified and extracted. Finally we found out that our methodology is appropriate for building robust design rules.

A Rule Based Approach to ISS Interior Volume Control and Layout

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peacock, Brian; Maida, Jim; Fitts, David; Dory, Jonathan

2001-01-01

Traditional human factors design involves the development of human factors requirements based on a desire to accommodate a certain percentage of the intended user population. As the product is developed human factors evaluation involves comparison between the resulting design and the specifications. Sometimes performance metrics are involved that allow leniency in the design requirements given that the human performance result is satisfactory. Clearly such approaches may work but they give rise to uncertainty and negotiation. An alternative approach is to adopt human factors design rules that articulate a range of each design continuum over which there are varying outcome expectations and interactions with other variables, including time. These rules are based on a consensus of human factors specialists, designers, managers and customers. The International Space Station faces exactly this challenge in interior volume control, which is based on anthropometric, performance and subjective preference criteria. This paper describes the traditional approach and then proposes a rule-based alternative. The proposed rules involve spatial, temporal and importance dimensions. If successful this rule-based concept could be applied to many traditional human factors design variables and could lead to a more effective and efficient contribution of human factors input to the design process.

Interaction rules for symbol-oriented graphical user interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brinkschulte, Uwe; Vogelsang, Holger; Wolf, Luc

1999-03-01

This work describes a way of interactive manipulation of structured objects by interaction rules. Symbols are used as graphical representation of object states. State changes lead to different visual symbol instances. The manipulation of symbols using interactive devices lead to an automatic state change of the corresponding structured object without any intervention of the application. Therefore, interaction rules are introduced. These rules describe the way a symbol may be manipulated and the effects this manipulation has on the corresponding structured object. The rules are interpreted by the visualization and interaction service. For each symbol used, a set of interaction rules can be defined. In order to be the more general as possible, all the interactions on a symbol are defined as a triple, which specifies the preconditions of all the manipulations of this symbol, the manipulations themselves, and the postconditions of all the manipulations of this symbol. A manipulation is a quintuplet, which describes the possible initial events of the manipulation, the possible places of these events, the preconditions of this manipulation, the results of this manipulation, and the postconditions of this manipulation. Finally, reflection functions map the results of a manipulation to the new state of a structured object.

[Hazardous materials and work safety in veterinary practice. 1: Hazardous material definition and characterization, practice documentation and general rules for handling].

PubMed

Sliwinski-Korell, A; Lutz, F

1998-04-01

In the last years the standards for professional handling of hazardous material as well as health and safety in the veterinary practice became considerably more stringent. This is expressed in various safety regulations, particularly the decree of hazardous material and the legislative directives concerning health and safety at work. In part 1, a definition based on the law for hazardous material is given and the potential risks are mentioned. The correct documentation regarding the protection of the purchase, storage, working conditions and removal of hazardous material and of the personal is explained. General rules for the handling of hazardous material are described. In part 2, particular emphasis is put on the handling of flammable liquids, disinfectants, cytostatica, pressurised gas, liquid nitrogen, narcotics, mailing of potentially infectious material and safe disposal of hazardous waste. Advice about possible unrecognized hazards and references is also given.

Work zone impacts assessment : an approach to assess and management work zone safety and mobility impacts of road projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-05-01

To help transportation agencies understand and implement the provisions of the Rule, FHWA has : developed four guidance documents. This Guide is designed to help transportation agencies : develop and/or update their own policies, processes, and proce...

18 CFR 12.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... work; (iv) Unusual concrete deterioration or cracking, including development of new cracks or the... ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL POWER ACT SAFETY OF WATER POWER PROJECTS AND PROJECT WORKS General Provisions § 12.3 Definitions. (a) General rule. For purposes of this part, terms defined in section 3 of the...

30 CFR 48.6 - Experienced miner training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (b) Experienced miners must complete the training prescribed in this section before beginning work... to work environment. The course shall include a visit and tour of the mine. The methods of mining... responsibilities of such supervisors and miners' representatives; and an introduction to the operator's rules and...

24 CFR 585.313 - Labor standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... assistance is involved. However, where the trainees' performance of public and Indian housing work is subject... such laborers and mechanics on assisted housing shall be subject to the provisions of the Contract Work... and HUD rules, regulations and requirements. (2) The labor standards requirements in paragraph (b)(1...

26 CFR 1.25A-5 - Special rules relating to characterization and timing of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... also provides Student A with an education loan and pays Student A for working in a work/study job in...,000. Example 2. (i) In December 1998, Student B, a senior at College Y, pays $2,000 for qualified...

Correlates of Work Adjustment among the Mentally Retarded.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ho, Hua-Kuo

The study sought to determine the relationships between work adjustment and selected personal, educational, vocational, and familial variables among 116 mentally retarded trainees from two vocational training programs in Taiwan. Findings included, among others: older trainees were more likely to accept rules/authority than younger workers; males…

Do Raffles Boys "Rule" and Anglo-Chinese Boys "Own" Singapore? Analysing School-to-Work Correspondences in an Elite Developmental State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chua, Vincent

2015-01-01

This paper utilises ideas of correspondence as a way of thinking about intersections between school and work in Singapore's developmental state. Whereas the principle of correspondence predicts segregated patterns of association between school and work, this paper shows how a developmentalist form of political economy gives rise to crosscutting,…

29 CFR 785.13 - Duty of management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Permittedâ to Work § 785.13 Duty of management. In all such cases it is the duty of the management to exercise its control and see that the work is not performed if it does not want it to be performed. It... against such work is not enough. Management has the power to enforce the rule and must make every effort...

29 CFR 785.12 - Work performed away from the premises or job site.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Work performed away from the premises or job site. 785.12 Section 785.12 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... premises or job site. The rule is also applicable to work performed away from the premises or the job site...

29 CFR 778.502 - Artificially labeling part of the regular wages a “bonus”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., if an employer has agreed to pay an employee $300 a week without regard to the number of hours worked... number of hours worked in the week. The situation is not altered if the employer continues to pay the... worked (Walling v. Youngerman-Reynolds Hardwood Company, 325 U.S. 419). (e) The general rule may be...

29 CFR 778.502 - Artificially labeling part of the regular wages a “bonus”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., if an employer has agreed to pay an employee $300 a week without regard to the number of hours worked... number of hours worked in the week. The situation is not altered if the employer continues to pay the... worked (Walling v. Youngerman-Reynolds Hardwood Company, 325 U.S. 419). (e) The general rule may be...

29 CFR 778.502 - Artificially labeling part of the regular wages a “bonus”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., if an employer has agreed to pay an employee $300 a week without regard to the number of hours worked... number of hours worked in the week. The situation is not altered if the employer continues to pay the... worked (Walling v. Youngerman-Reynolds Hardwood Company, 325 U.S. 419). (e) The general rule may be...

29 CFR 778.502 - Artificially labeling part of the regular wages a “bonus”.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., if an employer has agreed to pay an employee $300 a week without regard to the number of hours worked... number of hours worked in the week. The situation is not altered if the employer continues to pay the... worked (Walling v. Youngerman-Reynolds Hardwood Company, 325 U.S. 419). (e) The general rule may be...

Age Differences in Visual Working Memory Capacity: Not Based on Encoding Limitations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowan, Nelson; AuBuchon, Angela M.; Gilchrist, Amanda L.; Ricker, Timothy J.; Saults, J. Scott

2011-01-01

Why does visual working memory performance increase with age in childhood? One recent study (Cowan et al., 2010b) ruled out the possibility that the basic cause is a tendency in young children to clutter working memory with less-relevant items (within a concurrent array, colored items presented in one of two shapes). The age differences in memory…

Radiation and ionization energy loss simulation for the GDH sum rule experiment in Hall-A at Jefferson Lab

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yan, Xin -Hu; Ye, Yun -Xiu; Chen, Jian -Ping

2015-07-17

The radiation and ionization energy loss are presented for single arm Monte Carlo simulation for the GDH sum rule experiment in Hall-A at Jefferson Lab. Radiation and ionization energy loss are discussed formore » $$^{12}C$$ elastic scattering simulation. The relative momentum ratio $$\\frac{\\Delta p}{p}$$ and $$^{12}C$$ elastic cross section are compared without and with radiation energy loss and a reasonable shape is obtained by the simulation. The total energy loss distribution is obtained, showing a Landau shape for $$^{12}C$$ elastic scattering. This simulation work will give good support for radiation correction analysis of the GDH sum rule experiment.« less

A novel chaotic based image encryption using a hybrid model of deoxyribonucleic acid and cellular automata

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Enayatifar, Rasul; Sadaei, Hossein Javedani; Abdullah, Abdul Hanan; Lee, Malrey; Isnin, Ismail Fauzi

2015-08-01

Currently, there are many studies have conducted on developing security of the digital image in order to protect such data while they are sending on the internet. This work aims to propose a new approach based on a hybrid model of the Tinkerbell chaotic map, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and cellular automata (CA). DNA rules, DNA sequence XOR operator and CA rules are used simultaneously to encrypt the plain-image pixels. To determine rule number in DNA sequence and also CA, a 2-dimension Tinkerbell chaotic map is employed. Experimental results and computer simulations, both confirm that the proposed scheme not only demonstrates outstanding encryption, but also resists various typical attacks.

Passive acquisition of CLIPS rules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kovarik, Vincent J., Jr.

1991-01-01

The automated acquisition of knowledge by machine has not lived up to expectations, and knowledge engineering remains a human intensive task. Part of the reason for the lack of success is the difference in the cognitive focus of the expert. The expert must shift his or her focus from the subject domain to that of the representation environment. In doing so this cognitive shift introduces opportunity for errors and omissions. Presented here is work that observes the expert interact with a simulation of the domain. The system logs changes in the simulation objects and the expert's actions in response to those changes. This is followed by the application of inductive reasoning to move the domain specific rules observed to general domain rules.

Integrating the ECG power-line interference removal methods with rule-based system.

PubMed

Kumaravel, N; Senthil, A; Sridhar, K S; Nithiyanandam, N

1995-01-01

The power-line frequency interference in electrocardiographic signals is eliminated to enhance the signal characteristics for diagnosis. The power-line frequency normally varies +/- 1.5 Hz from its standard value of 50 Hz. In the present work, the performances of the linear FIR filter, Wave digital filter (WDF) and adaptive filter for the power-line frequency variations from 48.5 to 51.5 Hz in steps of 0.5 Hz are studied. The advantage of the LMS adaptive filter in the removal of power-line frequency interference even if the frequency of interference varies by +/- 1.5 Hz from its normal value of 50 Hz over other fixed frequency filters is very well justified. A novel method of integrating rule-based system approach with linear FIR filter and also with Wave digital filter are proposed. The performances of Rule-based FIR filter and Rule-based Wave digital filter are compared with the LMS adaptive filter.

Loading Deformation Characteristic Simulation Study of Engineering Vehicle Refurbished Tire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiang, Wang; Xiaojie, Qi; Zhao, Yang; Yunlong, Wang; Guotian, Wang; Degang, Lv

2018-05-01

The paper constructed engineering vehicle refurbished tire computer geometry model, mechanics model, contact model, finite element analysis model, did simulation study on load-deformation property of engineering vehicle refurbished tire by comparing with that of the new and the same type tire, got load-deformation of engineering vehicle refurbished tire under the working condition of static state and ground contact. The analysis result shows that change rules of radial-direction deformation and side-direction deformation of engineering vehicle refurbished tire are close to that of the new tire, radial-direction and side-direction deformation value is a little less than that of the new tire. When air inflation pressure was certain, radial-direction deformation linear rule of engineer vehicle refurbished tire would increase with load adding, however, side-direction deformation showed linear change rule, when air inflation pressure was low; and it would show increase of non-linear change rule, when air inflation pressure was very high.

The Ottawa Knee Rule: Examining Use in an Academic Emergency Department

PubMed Central

Beutel, Bryan G.; Trehan, Samir K.; Shalvoy, Robert M.; Mello, Michael J.

2012-01-01

Introduction: The Ottawa Knee Rule is a validated clinical decision rule for determining whether knee radiographs should be obtained in the setting of acute knee trauma. The objectives of this study were to assess physician knowledge of, barriers to implementation of, and compliance with the Ottawa Knee Rule in academic emergency departments (EDs), and evaluate whether patient characteristics predict guideline noncompliance. Methods: A 10 question online survey was distributed to all attending ED physicians working at three affiliated academic EDs to assess knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practice behaviors related to the Ottawa Knee Rule. We also performed a retrospective ED record review of patients 13 years of age and older who presented with acute knee trauma to the 3 study EDs during the 2009 calendar year, and we analyzed ED records for 19 variables. Results: ED physicians (n = 47) correctly answered 73.2% of questions assessing knowledge of the Ottawa Knee Rule. The most commonly cited barriers to implementation were “patient expectations” and system issues, such as “orthopedics referral requirement.” We retrospectively reviewed 838 records, with 260 eligible for study inclusion. The rate of Ottawa Knee Rule compliance was retrospectively determined to be 63.1%. We observed a statistically significant correlation between Ottawa Knee Rule compliance and patient age, but not gender, insurance status, or provider type, among others. Conclusion: Compliance with the Ottawa Knee Rule among academic ED healthcare providers is poor, which was predicted by patient age and not other physician or patient variables. Improving compliance will require comprehensive educational and systemic interventions. PMID:23251717

Association algorithm to mine the rules that govern enzyme definition and to classify protein sequences

PubMed Central

Chiu, Shih-Hau; Chen, Chien-Chi; Yuan, Gwo-Fang; Lin, Thy-Hou

2006-01-01

Background The number of sequences compiled in many genome projects is growing exponentially, but most of them have not been characterized experimentally. An automatic annotation scheme must be in an urgent need to reduce the gap between the amount of new sequences produced and reliable functional annotation. This work proposes rules for automatically classifying the fungus genes. The approach involves elucidating the enzyme classifying rule that is hidden in UniProt protein knowledgebase and then applying it for classification. The association algorithm, Apriori, is utilized to mine the relationship between the enzyme class and significant InterPro entries. The candidate rules are evaluated for their classificatory capacity. Results There were five datasets collected from the Swiss-Prot for establishing the annotation rules. These were treated as the training sets. The TrEMBL entries were treated as the testing set. A correct enzyme classification rate of 70% was obtained for the prokaryote datasets and a similar rate of about 80% was obtained for the eukaryote datasets. The fungus training dataset which lacks an enzyme class description was also used to evaluate the fungus candidate rules. A total of 88 out of 5085 test entries were matched with the fungus rule set. These were otherwise poorly annotated using their functional descriptions. Conclusion The feasibility of using the method presented here to classify enzyme classes based on the enzyme domain rules is evident. The rules may be also employed by the protein annotators in manual annotation or implemented in an automatic annotation flowchart. PMID:16776838

Cell division plane orientation based on tensile stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

PubMed Central

Louveaux, Marion; Julien, Jean-Daniel; Mirabet, Vincent; Boudaoud, Arezki; Hamant, Olivier

2016-01-01

Cell geometry has long been proposed to play a key role in the orientation of symmetric cell division planes. In particular, the recently proposed Besson–Dumais rule generalizes Errera’s rule and predicts that cells divide along one of the local minima of plane area. However, this rule has been tested only on tissues with rather local spherical shape and homogeneous growth. Here, we tested the application of the Besson–Dumais rule to the divisions occurring in the Arabidopsis shoot apex, which contains domains with anisotropic curvature and differential growth. We found that the Besson–Dumais rule works well in the central part of the apex, but fails to account for cell division planes in the saddle-shaped boundary region. Because curvature anisotropy and differential growth prescribe directional tensile stress in that region, we tested the putative contribution of anisotropic stress fields to cell division plane orientation at the shoot apex. To do so, we compared two division rules: geometrical (new plane along the shortest path) and mechanical (new plane along maximal tension). The mechanical division rule reproduced the enrichment of long planes observed in the boundary region. Experimental perturbation of mechanical stress pattern further supported a contribution of anisotropic tensile stress in division plane orientation. Importantly, simulations of tissues growing in an isotropic stress field, and dividing along maximal tension, provided division plane distributions comparable to those obtained with the geometrical rule. We thus propose that division plane orientation by tensile stress offers a general rule for symmetric cell division in plants. PMID:27436908

Decree No. 1991, Regulations to the Law on Foreigners, 30 June 1986.

PubMed

1988-01-01

Among other things, these Regulations set forth rules on requirements for visas established in the Ecuador Law on Foreigners. They list the amounts of income from abroad or investments in Ecuador required of foreigners entering Ecuador with immigrant visas, documents needed by persons working permanently in enterprises and institutions under immigrant visas, and methods of proof of dependency for persons entering on immigrant visas as dependents. In this context, they provide that persons with foreign income must receive at least $1,000 per month, with an increase of 80% Ecuadorian personnel; that persons entering as workers must inform authorities of changes in work status; and that persons entering as dependents may themselves work only if their sponsor dies or the means of subsistence of the sponsor decrease. The Regulations also set forth requirements for persons entering Ecuador on nonimmigrant visas, such as refugees, students, temporary workers, religious personnel, and those in transit. With respect to refugees, the rules provide that false statements made in an application will trigger an expulsion order; that foreign nationals coming from a country other than that where they suffered persecution will not be admitted unless they were in that country in direct transit; that refugees may not leave the country without express permission; and that, if the conditions justifying asylum change, a refugee will be required to leave the country. With respect to workers, the rules provide that an applicant must show a need for a foreign worker that cannot be fulfilled by an Ecuadorian worker and must show a work contract or appointment. With respect to those in transit, the rules provide that no visa is required and that entry will be denied to those lacking permission to enter the country of destination and transit through countries bordering Ecuador that are on their route. Persons in this category may stay in Ecuador for only a limited time--usually 10 days for persons en route and three months for visitors. The Regulations also contain provisions on the modification of immigration status, including the rule that the status of those in transit may not be modified. In addition, they set forth the functions of the Consultative Council on Migration Policy. Among these is the task of promoting internal migration to sparsely populated areas of the country. full text

Transition Flight Control Room Automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Welborn, Curtis Ray

1990-01-01

The Workstation Prototype Laboratory is currently working on a number of projects which we feel can have a direct impact on ground operations automation. These projects include: The Fuel Cell Monitoring System (FCMS), which will monitor and detect problems with the fuel cells on the Shuttle. FCMS will use a combination of rules (forward/backward) and multi-threaded procedures which run concurrently with the rules, to implement the malfunction algorithms of the EGIL flight controllers. The combination of rule based reasoning and procedural reasoning allows us to more easily map the malfunction algorithms into a real-time system implementation. A graphical computation language (AGCOMPL). AGCOMPL is an experimental prototype to determine the benefits and drawbacks of using a graphical language to design computations (algorithms) to work on Shuttle or Space Station telemetry and trajectory data. The design of a system which will allow a model of an electrical system, including telemetry sensors, to be configured on the screen graphically using previously defined electrical icons. This electrical model would then be used to generate rules and procedures for detecting malfunctions in the electrical components of the model. A generic message management (GMM) system. GMM is being designed as a message management system for real-time applications which send advisory messages to a user. The primary purpose of GMM is to reduce the risk of overloading a user with information when multiple failures occurs and in assisting the developer in devising an explanation facility. The emphasis of our work is to develop practical tools and techniques, while determining the feasibility of a given approach, including identification of appropriate software tools to support research, application and tool building activities.

Transition flight control room automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Welborn, Curtis Ray

1990-01-01

The Workstation Prototype Laboratory is currently working on a number of projects which can have a direct impact on ground operations automation. These projects include: (1) The fuel cell monitoring system (FCMS), which will monitor and detect problems with the fuel cells on the shuttle. FCMS will use a combination of rules (forward/backward) and multithreaded procedures, which run concurrently with the rules, to implement the malfunction algorithms of the EGIL flight controllers. The combination of rule-based reasoning and procedural reasoning allows us to more easily map the malfunction algorithms into a real-time system implementation. (2) A graphical computation language (AGCOMPL) is an experimental prototype to determine the benefits and drawbacks of using a graphical language to design computations (algorithms) to work on shuttle or space station telemetry and trajectory data. (3) The design of a system will allow a model of an electrical system, including telemetry sensors, to be configured on the screen graphically using previously defined electrical icons. This electrical model would then be used to generate rules and procedures for detecting malfunctions in the electrical components of the model. (4) A generic message management (GMM) system is being designed for real-time applications as a message management system which sends advisory messages to a user. The primary purpose of GMM is to reduce the risk of overloading a user with information when multiple failures occur and to assist the developer in the devising an explanation facility. The emphasis of our work is to develop practical tools and techniques, including identification of appropriate software tools to support research, application, and tool building activities, while determining the feasibility of a given approach.

Predicting the duration of sickness absence for patients with common mental disorders in occupational health care.

PubMed

Nieuwenhuijsen, Karen; Verbeek, Jos H A M; de Boer, Angela G E M; Blonk, Roland W B; van Dijk, Frank J H

2006-02-01

This study attempted to determine the factors that best predict the duration of absence from work among employees with common mental disorders. A cohort of 188 employees, of whom 102 were teachers, on sick leave with common mental disorders was followed for 1 year. Only information potentially available to the occupational physician during a first consultation was included in the predictive model. The predictive power of the variables was tested using Cox's regression analysis with a stepwise backward selection procedure. The hazard ratios (HR) from the final model were used to deduce a simple prediction rule. The resulting prognostic scores were then used to predict the probability of not returning to work after 3, 6, and 12 months. Calculating the area under the curve from the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve tested the discriminative ability of the prediction rule. The final Cox's regression model produced the following four predictors of a longer time until return to work: age older than 50 years [HR 0.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.3-0.8], expectation of duration absence longer than 3 months (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8), higher educational level (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8), and diagnosis depression or anxiety disorder (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-0.9). The resulting prognostic score yielded areas under the curves ranging from 0.68 to 0.73, which represent acceptable discrimination of the rule. A prediction rule based on four simple variables can be used by occupational physicians to identify unfavorable cases and to predict the duration of sickness absence.

Work Values and College Major Choice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balsamo, Michela; Lauriola, Marco; Saggino, Aristide

2013-01-01

Our study sought to clarify the nature of the known individual differences in work values associated with academic college major choice, specifically the question whether these precede or follow the choice of an academic major. To rule out environmental influences during academic study, group differences in five value orientations were evaluated…

Involvement of Working Memory in College Students' Sequential Pattern Learning and Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kundey, Shannon M. A.; De Los Reyes, Andres; Rowan, James D.; Lee, Bern; Delise, Justin; Molina, Sabrina; Cogdill, Lindsay

2013-01-01

When learning highly organized sequential patterns of information, humans and nonhuman animals learn rules regarding the hierarchical structures of these sequences. In three experiments, we explored the role of working memory in college students' sequential pattern learning and performance in a computerized task involving a sequential…

20 CFR 416.971 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... you are able to work at the substantial gainful activity level. If you are able to engage in substantial gainful activity, we will find that you are not disabled. (We explain the rules for persons who... Determining Disability and Blindness Substantial Gainful Activity § 416.971 General. The work, without regard...

20 CFR 404.1571 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... you are able to work at the substantial gainful activity level. If you are able to engage in substantial gainful activity, we will find that you are not disabled. (We explain the rules for persons who...- ) Determining Disability and Blindness Substantial Gainful Activity § 404.1571 General. The work, without regard...

20 CFR 404.1571 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... you are able to work at the substantial gainful activity level. If you are able to engage in substantial gainful activity, we will find that you are not disabled. (We explain the rules for persons who...- ) Determining Disability and Blindness Substantial Gainful Activity § 404.1571 General. The work, without regard...

20 CFR 416.971 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... you are able to work at the substantial gainful activity level. If you are able to engage in substantial gainful activity, we will find that you are not disabled. (We explain the rules for persons who... Determining Disability and Blindness Substantial Gainful Activity § 416.971 General. The work, without regard...

18 CFR 12.12 - Maintenance of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL POWER ACT SAFETY OF WATER POWER PROJECTS AND PROJECT WORKS Reports and Records § 12.12 Maintenance of records. (a) Kinds of records—1) General rule. Except as... project works; and (B) Any reports of project modifications, conditions affecting the safety of the...

18 CFR 4.37 - Rules of preference among competing applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., EXEMPTIONS, AND DETERMINATION OF PROJECT COSTS Application for Preliminary Permit, License or Exemption... application for a preliminary permit and an accepted application for a license propose project works that... for project works that would develop, conserve, and utilize, in whole or in part, the same water...

18 CFR 4.37 - Rules of preference among competing applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., EXEMPTIONS, AND DETERMINATION OF PROJECT COSTS Application for Preliminary Permit, License or Exemption... application for a preliminary permit and an accepted application for a license propose project works that... for project works that would develop, conserve, and utilize, in whole or in part, the same water...

18 CFR 4.37 - Rules of preference among competing applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., EXEMPTIONS, AND DETERMINATION OF PROJECT COSTS Application for Preliminary Permit, License or Exemption... application for a preliminary permit and an accepted application for a license propose project works that... for project works that would develop, conserve, and utilize, in whole or in part, the same water...

18 CFR 4.37 - Rules of preference among competing applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., EXEMPTIONS, AND DETERMINATION OF PROJECT COSTS Application for Preliminary Permit, License or Exemption... application for a preliminary permit and an accepted application for a license propose project works that... for project works that would develop, conserve, and utilize, in whole or in part, the same water...

18 CFR 4.37 - Rules of preference among competing applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., EXEMPTIONS, AND DETERMINATION OF PROJECT COSTS Application for Preliminary Permit, License or Exemption... application for a preliminary permit and an accepted application for a license propose project works that... for project works that would develop, conserve, and utilize, in whole or in part, the same water...

76 FR 36908 - Draft Competition Rules for a Global Appliance Efficiency Award for Televisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-23

... solicitation of comments. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is working with partner governments... program can be directed to: Mr. Arne Jacobson, Senior Advisor, DOE Office of Policy and International... working groups, covering standards and test procedures, awards, procurement, incentives, and cross-cutting...

40 CFR 745.86 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... that no pregnant woman resides there, a declaration that the housing is not a child-occupied facility... the work practices to be used during the renovation will not necessarily include all of the lead-safe work practices contained in EPA's renovation, repair, and painting rule, the signature of the owner...

75 FR 54524 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Guidance on Personal Services (DFARS Case 2009...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-08

... parts 211 and 237 are being amended to (1) require that statements of work or performance work statements clearly distinguish between Government employees and contractor employees and (2) ensure that... Department, including several checklists currently used. This interim rule adopts best practices and...

29 CFR 1904.0 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Purpose § 1904.0 Purpose. The purpose of this rule (Part 1904) is to require employers to record and report work-related fatalities, injuries and illnesses. Note to § 1904.0: Recording or reporting a work-related injury, illness, or fatality does not mean that the...

29 CFR 1904.0 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... REPORTING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Purpose § 1904.0 Purpose. The purpose of this rule (Part 1904) is to require employers to record and report work-related fatalities, injuries and illnesses. Note to § 1904.0: Recording or reporting a work-related injury, illness, or fatality does not mean that the...

78 FR 45452 - Mailing of Tickets Under the Ticket To Work Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-29

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 20 CFR Part 411 [Docket No. SSA-2011-0034] RIN 0960-AH34 Mailing of Tickets Under the Ticket To Work Program AGENCY: Social Security Administration. ACTION: Final rule..., Office of Employment Support Programs, Social Security Administration, 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore...

Boundaries in the Practice of Humanistic Counselling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owen, Ian R.

1997-01-01

Uses the concept of boundary to describe the ground rules, quality, and type of therapeutic relationships in a humanistic form of counseling--a form that blends Rogerian principles with ideas taken from psychodynamic practice. Discusses the work of Robert Langs, boundaries in person-centered work, and the limits of boundaries. (RJM)

A Work Revolution in U.S. Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Business Week, 1983

1983-01-01

Changes in work rules are moving the workplace away from rigid labor practices created by labor/management. A more flexible structure is evolving that can adapt to new technology and provide new products at competitive cost. Discusses the movement and the impact of international competition/deregulation on the trend. (JN)

[Pressing problems of labor hygiene and occupational pathology among office workers].

PubMed

Dudarev, A A; Sorokin, G A

2012-01-01

Northwest public health research center, Ministry of health and social affairs, St.-Petersburg. The article substantiates the conception of "office room", "office worker", estimates the basic diseases and symptoms among office workers (SBS-syndrome, BRI-illnesses, BRS-symptoms). Complex of indoor factors of office environment are analyzed, which influence the health status of personnel--indoor air quality (microclimate, aerosols, chemical, biological pollution, air ionization), external physical factors, ergonomics, intensity and tension of work, psychosocial factors. Comparison of Russian and foreign approaches to the hygienic estimation and rating of these factors was carried out. Owing to inadequacy of Russian hygienic rules to modern requirements, the necessity of working out of a complex of sanitary rules focused particularly on office workers is proved.

E-learning environment as intelligent tutoring system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagyová, Ingrid

2017-07-01

The development of computers and artificial intelligence theory allow their application in the field of education. Intelligent tutoring systems reflect student learning styles and adapt the curriculum according to their individual needs. The building of intelligent tutoring systems requires not only the creation of suitable software, but especially the search and application of the rules enabling ICT to individually adapt the curriculum. The main idea of this paper is to attempt to specify the rules for dividing the students to systematically working students and more practically or pragmatically inclined students. The paper shows that monitoring the work of students in e-learning environment, analysis of various approaches to educational materials and correspondence assignments show different results for the defined groups of students.

Effect of crystallographic orientations of grains on the global mechanical properties of steel sheets by depth sensing indentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burik, P.; Pesek, L.; Kejzlar, P.; Andrsova, Z.; Zubko, P.

2017-01-01

The main idea of this work is using a physical model to prepare a virtual material with required properties. The model is based on the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties. The macroscopic (global) mechanical properties of steel are highly dependent upon microstructure, crystallographic orientation of grains, distribution of each phase present, etc... We need to know the local mechanical properties of each phase separately in multiphase materials. The grain size is a scale, where local mechanical properties are responsible for the behavior. Nanomechanical testing using depth sensing indentation (DSI) provides a straightforward solution for quantitatively characterizing each of phases in microstructure because it is very powerful technique for characterization of materials in small volumes. The aim of this experimental investigation is: (i) to prove how the mixing rule works for local mechanical properties (indentation hardness HIT) in microstructure scale using the DSI technique on steel sheets with different microstructure; (ii) to compare measured global properties with properties achieved by mixing rule; (iii) to analyze the effect of crystallographic orientations of grains on the mixing rule.

Atlantis: An Open Architecture for Synergy of Process-Centered Environments and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

revision phase would be followed, after which a second review would be scheduled , and so forth, until the review succeeds. 2.3 Realization of the...normal rules, when Summit rules are inferred they are enqueued in a separate Summit queue and are scheduled for execution only after local forward... scheduling and activating activities according to the defined process; reac- tively triggering activities based on state changes; monitoring the process

Smart rules: six ways to get people to solve problems without you.

PubMed

Morieux, Yves

2011-09-01

As the world has become more complex, companies have steadily increased their performance requirements: Now they strive to offer low prices and high quality; to customize products for local markets and standardize them for greater returns; to innovate and be efficient. The typical corporate response to such conflicting goals complicates things further: Firms restructure and try to align their organizations with extra coordinating functions, processes, and incentives. This approach does more harm than good. Managers' time gets sucked up by reports and meetings, leaving little time to work with employees. But there is a better way, says BCG senior partner Yves Morieux: Instead of strangling employees with new rules and procedures, create an environment in which they're compelled to work with one another to develop solutions to complex challenges. Managers can create this environment by applying six "smart rules": (1) improve understanding of what coworkers do and the real constraints they face, (2) determine which people are the firm's natural integrators and strengthen their roles, (3) expand the amount of power available to everyone, (4) increase the need for reciprocity in the system, (5) make employees feel the "shadow of the future," and (6) hold uncooperative people accountable. By tapping employees' ingenuity through the use of smart rules, firms can manage complexity quickly and creatively-and streamline their organizations.

29 CFR 553.230 - Maximum hours standards for work periods of 7 to 28 days-section 7(k).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum hours standards for work periods of 7 to 28 days... Compensation Rules § 553.230 Maximum hours standards for work periods of 7 to 28 days—section 7(k). (a) For... in the work period bears to 28. (c) The ratio of 212 hours to 28 days for employees engaged in fire...

Toward an Executive Origin for Acquired Phonological Dyslexia: A Case of Specific Deficit of Context-Sensitive Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Rules

PubMed Central

Auclair-Ouellet, Noémie; Fossard, Marion; St-Pierre, Marie-Catherine; Macoir, Joël

2013-01-01

Phonological dyslexia is a written language disorder characterized by poor reading of nonwords when compared with relatively preserved ability in reading real words. In this study, we report the case of FG, a 74-year-old man with phonological dyslexia. The nature and origin of his reading impairment were assessed using tasks involving activation and explicit manipulation of phonological representations as well as reading of words and nonwords in which the nature and complexity of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules (GPC rules) were manipulated. FG also underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment battery in which he showed impaired performance in tests exploring verbal working memory and executive functions. FG showed no phonological impairment, and his performance was also largely unimpaired for reading words, with no effect of concreteness, grammatical class, morphological complexity, length or nature and complexity of the GPC rules. However, he showed substantial difficulties when asked to read nonwords with contextual GPC rules. The contribution of FG’s executive deficits to his performance in reading is discussed. PMID:22713417

Comparative study of multimodal biometric recognition by fusion of iris and fingerprint.

PubMed

Benaliouche, Houda; Touahria, Mohamed

2014-01-01

This research investigates the comparative performance from three different approaches for multimodal recognition of combined iris and fingerprints: classical sum rule, weighted sum rule, and fuzzy logic method. The scores from the different biometric traits of iris and fingerprint are fused at the matching score and the decision levels. The scores combination approach is used after normalization of both scores using the min-max rule. Our experimental results suggest that the fuzzy logic method for the matching scores combinations at the decision level is the best followed by the classical weighted sum rule and the classical sum rule in order. The performance evaluation of each method is reported in terms of matching time, error rates, and accuracy after doing exhaustive tests on the public CASIA-Iris databases V1 and V2 and the FVC 2004 fingerprint database. Experimental results prior to fusion and after fusion are presented followed by their comparison with related works in the current literature. The fusion by fuzzy logic decision mimics the human reasoning in a soft and simple way and gives enhanced results.

Comparative Study of Multimodal Biometric Recognition by Fusion of Iris and Fingerprint

PubMed Central

Benaliouche, Houda; Touahria, Mohamed

2014-01-01

This research investigates the comparative performance from three different approaches for multimodal recognition of combined iris and fingerprints: classical sum rule, weighted sum rule, and fuzzy logic method. The scores from the different biometric traits of iris and fingerprint are fused at the matching score and the decision levels. The scores combination approach is used after normalization of both scores using the min-max rule. Our experimental results suggest that the fuzzy logic method for the matching scores combinations at the decision level is the best followed by the classical weighted sum rule and the classical sum rule in order. The performance evaluation of each method is reported in terms of matching time, error rates, and accuracy after doing exhaustive tests on the public CASIA-Iris databases V1 and V2 and the FVC 2004 fingerprint database. Experimental results prior to fusion and after fusion are presented followed by their comparison with related works in the current literature. The fusion by fuzzy logic decision mimics the human reasoning in a soft and simple way and gives enhanced results. PMID:24605065

A clinical return-to-work rule for patients with back pain.

PubMed

Dionne, Clermont E; Bourbonnais, Renée; Frémont, Pierre; Rossignol, Michel; Stock, Susan R; Larocque, Isabelle

2005-06-07

Tools for early identification of workers with back pain who are at high risk of adverse occupational outcome would help concentrate clinical attention on the patients who need it most, while helping reduce unnecessary interventions (and costs) among the others. This study was conducted to develop and validate clinical rules to predict the 2-year work disability status of people consulting for nonspecific back pain in primary care settings. This was a 2-year prospective cohort study conducted in 7 primary care settings in the Quebec City area. The study enrolled 1007 workers (participation, 68.4% of potential participants expected to be eligible) aged 18-64 years who consulted for nonspecific back pain associated with at least 1 day's absence from work. The majority (86%) completed 5 telephone interviews documenting a large array of variables. Clinical information was abstracted from the medical files. The outcome measure was "return to work in good health" at 2 years, a variable that combined patients' occupational status, functional limitations and recurrences of work absence. Predictive models of 2-year outcome were developed with a recursive partitioning approach on a 40% random sample of our study subjects, then validated on the rest. The best predictive model included 7 baseline variables (patient's recovery expectations, radiating pain, previous back surgery, pain intensity, frequent change of position because of back pain, irritability and bad temper, and difficulty sleeping) and was particularly efficient at identifying patients with no adverse occupational outcome (negative predictive value 78%- 94%). A clinical prediction rule accurately identified a large proportion of workers with back pain consulting in a primary care setting who were at a low risk of an adverse occupational outcome.

A clinical return-to-work rule for patients with back pain

PubMed Central

Dionne, Clermont E.; Bourbonnais, Renée; Frémont, Pierre; Rossignol, Michel; Stock, Susan R.; Larocque, Isabelle

2005-01-01

Background Tools for early identification of workers with back pain who are at high risk of adverse occupational outcome would help concentrate clinical attention on the patients who need it most, while helping reduce unnecessary interventions (and costs) among the others. This study was conducted to develop and validate clinical rules to predict the 2-year work disability status of people consulting for nonspecific back pain in primary care settings. Methods This was a 2-year prospective cohort study conducted in 7 primary care settings in the Quebec City area. The study enrolled 1007 workers (participation, 68.4% of potential participants expected to be eligible) aged 18–64 years who consulted for nonspecific back pain associated with at least 1 day's absence from work. The majority (86%) completed 5 telephone interviews documenting a large array of variables. Clinical information was abstracted from the medical files. The outcome measure was “return to work in good health” at 2 years, a variable that combined patients' occupational status, functional limitations and recurrences of work absence. Predictive models of 2-year outcome were developed with a recursive partitioning approach on a 40% random sample of our study subjects, then validated on the rest. Results The best predictive model included 7 baseline variables (patient's recovery expectations, radiating pain, previous back surgery, pain intensity, frequent change of position because of back pain, irritability and bad temper, and difficulty sleeping) and was particularly efficient at identifying patients with no adverse occupational outcome (negative predictive value 78%– 94%). Interpretation A clinical prediction rule accurately identified a large proportion of workers with back pain consulting in a primary care setting who were at a low risk of an adverse occupational outcome. PMID:15939915

Visual artificial grammar learning: comparative research on humans, kea (Nestor notabilis) and pigeons (Columba livia)

PubMed Central

Stobbe, Nina; Westphal-Fitch, Gesche; Aust, Ulrike; Fitch, W. Tecumseh

2012-01-01

Artificial grammar learning (AGL) provides a useful tool for exploring rule learning strategies linked to general purpose pattern perception. To be able to directly compare performance of humans with other species with different memory capacities, we developed an AGL task in the visual domain. Presenting entire visual patterns simultaneously instead of sequentially minimizes the amount of required working memory. This approach allowed us to evaluate performance levels of two bird species, kea (Nestor notabilis) and pigeons (Columba livia), in direct comparison to human participants. After being trained to discriminate between two types of visual patterns generated by rules at different levels of computational complexity and presented on a computer screen, birds and humans received further training with a series of novel stimuli that followed the same rules, but differed in various visual features from the training stimuli. Most avian and all human subjects continued to perform well above chance during this initial generalization phase, suggesting that they were able to generalize learned rules to novel stimuli. However, detailed testing with stimuli that violated the intended rules regarding the exact number of stimulus elements indicates that neither bird species was able to successfully acquire the intended pattern rule. Our data suggest that, in contrast to humans, these birds were unable to master a simple rule above the finite-state level, even with simultaneous item presentation and despite intensive training. PMID:22688635

Individual differences in learning and transfer: stable tendencies for learning exemplars versus abstracting rules.

PubMed

McDaniel, Mark A; Cahill, Michael J; Robbins, Mathew; Wiener, Chelsea

2014-04-01

We hypothesize that during training some learners may focus on acquiring the particular exemplars and responses associated with the exemplars (termed exemplar learners), whereas other learners attempt to abstract underlying regularities reflected in the particular exemplars linked to an appropriate response (termed rule learners). Supporting this distinction, after training (on a function-learning task), participants displayed an extrapolation profile reflecting either acquisition of the trained cue-criterion associations (exemplar learners) or abstraction of the function rule (rule learners; Studies 1a and 1b). Further, working memory capacity (measured by operation span [Ospan]) was associated with the tendency to rely on rule versus exemplar processes. Studies 1c and 2 examined the persistence of these learning tendencies on several categorization tasks. Study 1c showed that rule learners were more likely than exemplar learners (indexed a priori by extrapolation profiles) to resist using idiosyncratic features (exemplar similarity) in generalization (transfer) of the trained category. Study 2 showed that the rule learners but not the exemplar learners performed well on a novel categorization task (transfer) after training on an abstract coherent category. These patterns suggest that in complex conceptual tasks, (a) individuals tend to either focus on exemplars during learning or on extracting some abstraction of the concept, (b) this tendency might be a relatively stable characteristic of the individual, and (c) transfer patterns are determined by that tendency.

Individual Differences in Learning and Transfer: Stable Tendencies for Learning Exemplars versus Abstracting Rules

PubMed Central

McDaniel, Mark A.; Cahill, Michael J.; Robbins, Mathew; Wiener, Chelsea

2013-01-01

We hypothesize that during training some learners may focus on acquiring the particular exemplars and responses associated with the exemplars (termed exemplar learners), whereas other learners attempt to abstract underlying regularities reflected in the particular exemplars linked to an appropriate response (termed rule learners). Supporting this distinction, after training (on a function-learning task), participants either displayed an extrapolation profile reflecting acquisition of the trained cue-criterion associations (exemplar learners) or abstraction of the function rule (rule learners; Studies 1a and 1b). Further, working memory capacity (measured by Ospan) was associated with the tendency to rely on rule versus exemplar processes. Studies 1c and 2 examined the persistence of these learning tendencies on several categorization tasks. Study 1c showed that rule learners were more likely than exemplar learners (indexed a priori by extrapolation profiles) to resist using idiosyncratic features (exemplar similarity) in generalization (transfer) of the trained category. Study 2 showed that the rule learners but not the exemplar learners performed well on a novel categorization task (transfer) after training on an abstract coherent category. These patterns suggest that in complex conceptual tasks, (a) individuals tend to either focus on exemplars during learning or on extracting some abstraction of the concept, (b) this tendency might be a relatively stable characteristic of the individual, and (c) transfer patterns are determined by that tendency. PMID:23750912

Seven Rules on Having a Happy Marriage along with Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maatta, Kaarina; Uusiautti, Satu

2012-01-01

In modern society, men and women want to have a successful marriage and a career. However, people are faced with new demands at work and home, and therefore, finding a balance between work and family life is a real challenge. In this article, the data consist of stories written by Finns who have been married for more than 10 years (N = 342 married…

Ground Rules in Team Projects: Findings from a Prototype System to Support Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whatley, Janice

2009-01-01

Student team project work in higher education is one of the best ways to develop team working skills at the same time as learning about the subject matter. As today's students require the freedom to learn at times and places that better match their lifestyles, there is a need for any support for team project work to be also available online. Team…

Efficiency in Rule- vs. Plan-Based Movements Is Modulated by Action-Mode.

PubMed

Scheib, Jean P P; Stoll, Sarah; Thürmer, J Lukas; Randerath, Jennifer

2018-01-01

The rule/plan motor cognition (RPMC) paradigm elicits visually indistinguishable motor outputs, resulting from either plan- or rule-based action-selection, using a combination of essentially interchangeable stimuli. Previous implementations of the RPMC paradigm have used pantomimed movements to compare plan- vs. rule-based action-selection. In the present work we attempt to determine the generalizability of previous RPMC findings to real object interaction by use of a grasp-to-rotate task. In the plan task, participants had to use prospective planning to achieve a comfortable post-handle rotation hand posture. The rule task used implementation intentions (if-then rules) leading to the same comfortable end-state. In Experiment A, we compare RPMC performance of 16 healthy participants in pantomime and real object conditions of the experiment, within-subjects. Higher processing efficiency of rule- vs. plan-based action-selection was supported by diffusion model analysis. Results show a significant response-time increase in the pantomime condition compared to the real object condition and a greater response-time advantage of rule-based vs. plan-based actions in the pantomime compared to the real object condition. In Experiment B, 24 healthy participants performed the real object RPMC task in a task switching vs. a blocked condition. Results indicate that plan-based action-selection leads to longer response-times and less efficient information processing than rule-based action-selection in line with previous RPMC findings derived from the pantomime action-mode. Particularly in the task switching mode, responses were faster in the rule compared to the plan task suggesting a modulating influence of cognitive load. Overall, results suggest an advantage of rule-based action-selection over plan-based action-selection; whereby differential mechanisms appear to be involved depending on the action-mode. We propose that cognitive load is a factor that modulates the advantageous effect of implementation intentions in motor cognition on different levels as illustrated by the varying speed advantages and the variation in diffusion parameters per action-mode or condition, respectively.

Striatal degeneration impairs language learning: evidence from Huntington's disease.

PubMed

De Diego-Balaguer, R; Couette, M; Dolbeau, G; Dürr, A; Youssov, K; Bachoud-Lévi, A-C

2008-11-01

Although the role of the striatum in language processing is still largely unclear, a number of recent proposals have outlined its specific contribution. Different studies report evidence converging to a picture where the striatum may be involved in those aspects of rule-application requiring non-automatized behaviour. This is the main characteristic of the earliest phases of language acquisition that require the online detection of distant dependencies and the creation of syntactic categories by means of rule learning. Learning of sequences and categorization processes in non-language domains has been known to require striatal recruitment. Thus, we hypothesized that the striatum should play a prominent role in the extraction of rules in learning a language. We studied 13 pre-symptomatic gene-carriers and 22 early stage patients of Huntington's disease (pre-HD), both characterized by a progressive degeneration of the striatum and 21 late stage patients Huntington's disease (18 stage II, two stage III and one stage IV) where cortical degeneration accompanies striatal degeneration. When presented with a simplified artificial language where words and rules could be extracted, early stage Huntington's disease patients (stage I) were impaired in the learning test, demonstrating a greater impairment in rule than word learning compared to the 20 age- and education-matched controls. Huntington's disease patients at later stages were impaired both on word and rule learning. While spared in their overall performance, gene-carriers having learned a set of abstract artificial language rules were then impaired in the transfer of those rules to similar artificial language structures. The correlation analyses among several neuropsychological tests assessing executive function showed that rule learning correlated with tests requiring working memory and attentional control, while word learning correlated with a test involving episodic memory. These learning impairments significantly correlated with the bicaudate ratio. The overall results support striatal involvement in rule extraction from speech and suggest that language acquisition requires several aspects of memory and executive functions for word and rule learning.

Supervised Learning in Spiking Neural Networks for Precise Temporal Encoding.

PubMed

Gardner, Brian; Grüning, André

2016-01-01

Precise spike timing as a means to encode information in neural networks is biologically supported, and is advantageous over frequency-based codes by processing input features on a much shorter time-scale. For these reasons, much recent attention has been focused on the development of supervised learning rules for spiking neural networks that utilise a temporal coding scheme. However, despite significant progress in this area, there still lack rules that have a theoretical basis, and yet can be considered biologically relevant. Here we examine the general conditions under which synaptic plasticity most effectively takes place to support the supervised learning of a precise temporal code. As part of our analysis we examine two spike-based learning methods: one of which relies on an instantaneous error signal to modify synaptic weights in a network (INST rule), and the other one relying on a filtered error signal for smoother synaptic weight modifications (FILT rule). We test the accuracy of the solutions provided by each rule with respect to their temporal encoding precision, and then measure the maximum number of input patterns they can learn to memorise using the precise timings of individual spikes as an indication of their storage capacity. Our results demonstrate the high performance of the FILT rule in most cases, underpinned by the rule's error-filtering mechanism, which is predicted to provide smooth convergence towards a desired solution during learning. We also find the FILT rule to be most efficient at performing input pattern memorisations, and most noticeably when patterns are identified using spikes with sub-millisecond temporal precision. In comparison with existing work, we determine the performance of the FILT rule to be consistent with that of the highly efficient E-learning Chronotron rule, but with the distinct advantage that our FILT rule is also implementable as an online method for increased biological realism.

Physiotherapy clinical educators' perceptions and experiences of clinical prediction rules.

PubMed

Knox, Grahame M; Snodgrass, Suzanne J; Rivett, Darren A

2015-12-01

Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are widely used in medicine, but their application to physiotherapy practice is more recent and less widespread, and their implementation in physiotherapy clinical education has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the experiences and perceptions of physiotherapy clinical educators regarding CPRs, and whether they are teaching CPRs to students on clinical placement. Cross-sectional observational survey using a modified Dillman method. Clinical educators (n=211, response rate 81%) supervising physiotherapy students from 10 universities across 5 states and territories in Australia. Half (48%) of respondents had never heard of CPRs, and a further 25% had never used CPRs. Only 27% reported using CPRs, and of these half (51%) were rarely if ever teaching CPRs to students in the clinical setting. However most respondents (81%) believed CPRs assisted in the development of clinical reasoning skills and few (9%) were opposed to teaching CPRs to students. Users of CPRs were more likely to be male (p<0.001), have post-professional qualifications (p=0.020), work in private practice (p<0.001), and work in the area of musculoskeletal physiotherapy (p<0.001) compared with non-users. The CPRs most commonly known, used and taught were the Ottawa Ankle Rule, the Ottawa Knee Rule, and Wells' Rule for Deep Vein Thrombosis. Students are unlikely to be learning about CPRs on clinical placement, as few clinical educators use them. Clinical educators will require training in CPRs and assistance in teaching them if students are to better learn about implementing CPRs in physiotherapy clinical practice. Copyright © 2015 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Machine Learning Approach to Discover Rules for Expressive Performance Actions in Jazz Guitar Music.

PubMed

Giraldo, Sergio I; Ramirez, Rafael

2016-01-01

Expert musicians introduce expression in their performances by manipulating sound properties such as timing, energy, pitch, and timbre. Here, we present a data driven computational approach to induce expressive performance rule models for note duration, onset, energy, and ornamentation transformations in jazz guitar music. We extract high-level features from a set of 16 commercial audio recordings (and corresponding music scores) of jazz guitarist Grant Green in order to characterize the expression in the pieces. We apply machine learning techniques to the resulting features to learn expressive performance rule models. We (1) quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the induced models, (2) analyse the relative importance of the considered musical features, (3) discuss some of the learnt expressive performance rules in the context of previous work, and (4) assess their generailty. The accuracies of the induced predictive models is significantly above base-line levels indicating that the audio performances and the musical features extracted contain sufficient information to automatically learn informative expressive performance patterns. Feature analysis shows that the most important musical features for predicting expressive transformations are note duration, pitch, metrical strength, phrase position, Narmour structure, and tempo and key of the piece. Similarities and differences between the induced expressive rules and the rules reported in the literature were found. Differences may be due to the fact that most previously studied performance data has consisted of classical music recordings. Finally, the rules' performer specificity/generality is assessed by applying the induced rules to performances of the same pieces performed by two other professional jazz guitar players. Results show a consistency in the ornamentation patterns between Grant Green and the other two musicians, which may be interpreted as a good indicator for generality of the ornamentation rules.

Evolving learning rules and emergence of cooperation in spatial prisoner's dilemma.

PubMed

Moyano, Luis G; Sánchez, Angel

2009-07-07

In the evolutionary Prisoner's dilemma (PD) game, agents play with each other and update their strategies in every generation according to some microscopic dynamical rule. In its spatial version, agents do not play with every other but, instead, interact only with their neighbours, thus mimicking the existing of a social or contact network that defines who interacts with whom. In this work, we explore evolutionary, spatial PD systems consisting of two types of agents, each with a certain update (reproduction, learning) rule. We investigate two different scenarios: in the first case, update rules remain fixed for the entire evolution of the system; in the second case, agents update both strategy and update rule in every generation. We show that in a well-mixed population the evolutionary outcome is always full defection. We subsequently focus on two-strategy competition with nearest-neighbour interactions on the contact network and synchronised update of strategies. Our results show that, for an important range of the parameters of the game, the final state of the system is largely different from that arising from the usual setup of a single, fixed dynamical rule. Furthermore, the results are also very different if update rules are fixed or evolve with the strategies. In these respect, we have studied representative update rules, finding that some of them may become extinct while others prevail. We describe the new and rich variety of final outcomes that arise from this co-evolutionary dynamics. We include examples of other neighbourhoods and asynchronous updating that confirm the robustness of our conclusions. Our results pave the way to an evolutionary rationale for modelling social interactions through game theory with a preferred set of update rules.

Rules and guidelines in clinical practice: a qualitative study in operating theatres of doctors' and nurses' views

PubMed Central

McDonald, R; Waring, J; Harrison, S; Walshe, K; Boaden, R

2005-01-01

Background: The current orthodoxy within patient safety research and policy is characterised by a faith in rules based systems which limit the capacity for individual discretion, and hence fallibility. However, guidelines have been seen as stifling innovation and eroding trust. Our objectives were to explore the attitudes towards guidelines of doctors and nurses working together in surgical teams and to examine the extent to which trusting relationships are maintained in a context governed by explicit rules. Methods: Fourteen consultant grade surgeons of mixed specialty, 12 consultant anaesthetists, and 15 nurses were selected to reflect a range of roles. Participant observation was combined with semi-structured interviews. Results: Doctors' views about the contribution of guidelines to safety and to clinical practice differed from those of nurses. Doctors rejected written rules, instead adhering to the unwritten rules of what constitutes acceptable behaviour for members of the medical profession. In contrast, nurses viewed guideline adherence as synonymous with professionalism and criticised doctors for failing to comply with guidelines. Conclusions: While the creation of a "safety culture" requires a shared set of beliefs, attitudes and norms in relation to what is seen as safe clinical practice, differences of opinion on these issues exist which cannot be easily reconciled since they reflect deeply ingrained beliefs about what constitutes professional conduct. While advocates of standardisation (such as nurses) view doctors as rule breakers, doctors may not necessarily regard guidelines as legitimate or identify with the rules written for them by members of other social groups. Future safety research and policy should attempt to understand the unwritten rules which govern clinical behaviour and examine the ways in which such rules are produced, maintained, and accepted as legitimate. PMID:16076795

Rule-based support system for multiple UMLS semantic type assignments

PubMed Central

Geller, James; He, Zhe; Perl, Yehoshua; Morrey, C. Paul; Xu, Julia

2012-01-01

Background When new concepts are inserted into the UMLS, they are assigned one or several semantic types from the UMLS Semantic Network by the UMLS editors. However, not every combination of semantic types is permissible. It was observed that many concepts with rare combinations of semantic types have erroneous semantic type assignments or prohibited combinations of semantic types. The correction of such errors is resource-intensive. Objective We design a computational system to inform UMLS editors as to whether a specific combination of two, three, four, or five semantic types is permissible or prohibited or questionable. Methods We identify a set of inclusion and exclusion instructions in the UMLS Semantic Network documentation and derive corresponding rule-categories as well as rule-categories from the UMLS concept content. We then design an algorithm adviseEditor based on these rule-categories. The algorithm specifies rules for an editor how to proceed when considering a tuple (pair, triple, quadruple, quintuple) of semantic types to be assigned to a concept. Results Eight rule-categories were identified. A Web-based system was developed to implement the adviseEditor algorithm, which returns for an input combination of semantic types whether it is permitted, prohibited or (in a few cases) requires more research. The numbers of semantic type pairs assigned to each rule-category are reported. Interesting examples for each rule-category are illustrated. Cases of semantic type assignments that contradict rules are listed, including recently introduced ones. Conclusion The adviseEditor system implements explicit and implicit knowledge available in the UMLS in a system that informs UMLS editors about the permissibility of a desired combination of semantic types. Using adviseEditor might help accelerate the work of the UMLS editors and prevent erroneous semantic type assignments. PMID:23041716

Extraction of spatial-temporal rules from mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea Based on rough set theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Y.; Fan, X.; He, Z.; Su, F.; Zhou, C.; Mao, H.; Wang, D.

2011-06-01

In this paper, a rough set theory is introduced to represent spatial-temporal relationships and extract the corresponding rules from typical mesoscale-eddy states in the South China Sea (SCS). Three decision attributes are adopted in this study, which make the approach flexible in retrieving spatial-temporal rules with different features. Spatial-temporal rules of typical states in the SCS are extracted as three decision attributes, which then are confirmed by the previous works. The results demonstrate that this approach is effective in extracting spatial-temporal rules from typical mesoscale-eddy states, and therefore provides a powerful approach to forecasts in the future. Spatial-temporal rules in the SCS indicate that warm eddies following the rules are generally in the southeastern and central SCS around 2000 m isobaths in winter. Their intensity and vorticity are weaker than those of cold eddies. They usually move a shorter distance. By contrast, cold eddies are in 2000 m-deeper regions of the southwestern and northeastern SCS in spring and fall. Their intensity and vorticity are strong. Usually they move a long distance. In winter, a few rules are followed by cold eddies in the northern tip of the basin and southwest of Taiwan Island rather than warm eddies, indicating cold eddies may be well-regulated in the region. Several warm-eddy rules are achieved west of Luzon Island, indicating warm eddies may be well-regulated in the region as well. Otherwise, warm and cold eddies are distributed not only in the jet flow off southern Vietnam induced by intraseasonal wind stress in summer-fall, but also in the northern shallow water, which should be a focus of future study.

A Machine Learning Approach to Discover Rules for Expressive Performance Actions in Jazz Guitar Music

PubMed Central

Giraldo, Sergio I.; Ramirez, Rafael

2016-01-01

Expert musicians introduce expression in their performances by manipulating sound properties such as timing, energy, pitch, and timbre. Here, we present a data driven computational approach to induce expressive performance rule models for note duration, onset, energy, and ornamentation transformations in jazz guitar music. We extract high-level features from a set of 16 commercial audio recordings (and corresponding music scores) of jazz guitarist Grant Green in order to characterize the expression in the pieces. We apply machine learning techniques to the resulting features to learn expressive performance rule models. We (1) quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the induced models, (2) analyse the relative importance of the considered musical features, (3) discuss some of the learnt expressive performance rules in the context of previous work, and (4) assess their generailty. The accuracies of the induced predictive models is significantly above base-line levels indicating that the audio performances and the musical features extracted contain sufficient information to automatically learn informative expressive performance patterns. Feature analysis shows that the most important musical features for predicting expressive transformations are note duration, pitch, metrical strength, phrase position, Narmour structure, and tempo and key of the piece. Similarities and differences between the induced expressive rules and the rules reported in the literature were found. Differences may be due to the fact that most previously studied performance data has consisted of classical music recordings. Finally, the rules' performer specificity/generality is assessed by applying the induced rules to performances of the same pieces performed by two other professional jazz guitar players. Results show a consistency in the ornamentation patterns between Grant Green and the other two musicians, which may be interpreted as a good indicator for generality of the ornamentation rules. PMID:28066290

A path planning method for robot end effector motion using the curvature theory of the ruled surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güler, Fatma; Kasap, Emin

Using the curvature theory for the ruled surfaces a technique for robot trajectory planning is presented. This technique ensures the calculation of robot’s next path. The positional variation of the Tool Center Point (TCP), linear velocity, angular velocity are required in the work area of the robot. In some circumstances, it may not be physically achievable and a re-computation of the robot trajectory might be necessary. This technique is suitable for re-computation of the robot trajectory. We obtain different robot trajectories which change depending on the darboux angle function and define trajectory ruled surface family with a common trajectory curve with the rotation trihedron. Also, the motion of robot end effector is illustrated with examples.

Electron-ion coupling in semiconductors beyond Fermi's Golden Rule [On the electron-ion coupling in semiconductors beyond Fermi's Golden Rule

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Medvedev, Nikita; Li, Zheng; Tkachenko, Victor

2017-01-31

In the present study, a theoretical study of electron-phonon (electron-ion) coupling rates in semiconductors driven out of equilibrium is performed. Transient change of optical coefficients reflects the band gap shrinkage in covalently bonded materials, and thus, the heating of atomic lattice. Utilizing this dependence, we test various models of electron-ion coupling. The simulation technique is based on tight-binding molecular dynamics. Our simulations with the dedicated hybrid approach (XTANT) indicate that the widely used Fermi's golden rule can break down describing material excitation on femtosecond time scales. In contrast, dynamical coupling proposed in this work yields a reasonably good agreement ofmore » simulation results with available experimental data.« less

Universal Computation and Construction in GoL Cellular Automata

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goucher, Adam P.

This chapter is concerned with the developments of universal computation and construction within Conway's Game of Life (GoL). I will begin by describing the history of the concepts and mechanisms for universal computation and construction in GoL, before explaining how a Universal Computer-Constructor (UCC) would operate in this automaton. Moreover, I shall present the design of a working UCC in the rule. It is both capable of computing any calculation (i.e. it is Turing-complete) and constructing most, if not all, of the constructible configurations within the rule. It cannot construct patterns which have no predecessor; neither can any machine in the rule (for obvious reasons). As such, it is more accurately a general constructor, rather than a universal constructor.

Automated identification of protein-ligand interaction features using Inductive Logic Programming: a hexose binding case study.

PubMed

A Santos, Jose C; Nassif, Houssam; Page, David; Muggleton, Stephen H; E Sternberg, Michael J

2012-07-11

There is a need for automated methods to learn general features of the interactions of a ligand class with its diverse set of protein receptors. An appropriate machine learning approach is Inductive Logic Programming (ILP), which automatically generates comprehensible rules in addition to prediction. The development of ILP systems which can learn rules of the complexity required for studies on protein structure remains a challenge. In this work we use a new ILP system, ProGolem, and demonstrate its performance on learning features of hexose-protein interactions. The rules induced by ProGolem detect interactions mediated by aromatics and by planar-polar residues, in addition to less common features such as the aromatic sandwich. The rules also reveal a previously unreported dependency for residues cys and leu. They also specify interactions involving aromatic and hydrogen bonding residues. This paper shows that Inductive Logic Programming implemented in ProGolem can derive rules giving structural features of protein/ligand interactions. Several of these rules are consistent with descriptions in the literature. In addition to confirming literature results, ProGolem's model has a 10-fold cross-validated predictive accuracy that is superior, at the 95% confidence level, to another ILP system previously used to study protein/hexose interactions and is comparable with state-of-the-art statistical learners.

On the origin of Hill's causal criteria.

PubMed

Morabia, A

1991-09-01

The rules to assess causation formulated by the eighteenth century Scottish philosopher David Hume are compared to Sir Austin Bradford Hill's causal criteria. The strength of the analogy between Hume's rules and Hill's causal criteria suggests that, irrespective of whether Hume's work was known to Hill or Hill's predecessors, Hume's thinking expresses a point of view still widely shared by contemporary epidemiologists. The lack of systematic experimental proof to causal inferences in epidemiology may explain the analogy of Hume's and Hill's, as opposed to Popper's, logic.

Design, development and first validation of a transcoding system from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10 in the IT.DRG Italian project.

PubMed

Della Mea, Vincenzo; Vuattolo, Omar; Frattura, Lucilla; Munari, Flavia; Verdini, Eleonora; Zanier, Loris; Arcangeli, Laura; Carle, Flavia

2015-01-01

In Italy, ICD-9-CM is currently used for coding health conditions at hospital discharge, but ICD-10 is being introduced thanks to the IT-DRG Project. In this project, one needed component is a set of transcoding rules and associated tools for easing coders work in the transition. The present paper illustrates design and development of those transcoding rules, and their preliminary testing on a subset of Italian hospital discharge data.