Improved work zone design guidelines and enhanced model of travel delays in work zones : Phase I, portability and scalability of interarrival and service time probability distribution functions for different locations in Ohio and the establishment of impr

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

Problem: Work zones on heavily traveled divided highways present problems to motorists in the form of traffic delays and increased accident risks due to sometimes reduced motorist guidance, dense traffic, and other driving difficulties. To minimize t...

Work zone and operation enhancements.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-02-01

Oregon Department of Transportation contractors are required to implement Traffic Control Plans (TCPs) to protect and direct traffic through work zones. The design and implementation of TCPs have shown variation from project-to-project across the Sta...

23 CFR 630.1004 - Definitions and explanation of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of the work zone design on worker safety. The number of worker fatalities and injuries at a given... activities. A work zone is typically marked by signs, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, and...

23 CFR 630.1004 - Definitions and explanation of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the work zone design on worker safety. The number of worker fatalities and injuries at a given... activities. A work zone is typically marked by signs, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, and...

23 CFR 630.1004 - Definitions and explanation of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of the work zone design on worker safety. The number of worker fatalities and injuries at a given... activities. A work zone is typically marked by signs, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, and...

23 CFR 630.1004 - Definitions and explanation of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of the work zone design on worker safety. The number of worker fatalities and injuries at a given... activities. A work zone is typically marked by signs, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, and...

23 CFR 630.1004 - Definitions and explanation of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of the work zone design on worker safety. The number of worker fatalities and injuries at a given... activities. A work zone is typically marked by signs, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, and...

Implementation guide for monitoring work zone safety and mobility impacts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This implementation guide describes the conceptual framework, data requirements, and computational procedures for determining the safety and mobility impacts of work zones in Texas. Researchers designed the framework and procedures to assist district...

Design of portable rumble strips.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-12-01

"In 2003, the states involved in the Midwest Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative identified : portable rumble strips (i.e., rumble strips that require no adhesive or fasteners, making them : applicable for very short term work zones) as a high prio...

Development of recommendations for arterial lane closures to optimize traffic operations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

The 2010 FDOT Design Standards provide information regarding traffic control through work zones at multilane arterials. : However, there are currently no quantitative guidelines for optimizing signal control around work zones. The objective of this :...

Work zone traffic management synthesis : work zone pedestrian protection

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-08-01

This Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) data analysis was intended to examine, in a practical way, the LTPP database and to identify the site conditions and design features that significantly affect transverse joint faulting. Key products develope...

Optimal design of work zone median crossovers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

The use of temporary median crossovers in work zones allows for the closure of one side of a multi-lane roadway while : maintaining two-way traffic on the opposite side. This process provides the ability for construction and maintenance crews : to co...

Evaluation of radar activated changeable message sign for work zone speed control.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The Maine Department of Transportation recently tested new equipment designed to help reduce the : incidence of speeding in construction work zones. The project utilized a radar-activated, trailer mounted, : changeable message sign (CMS). The CMS spe...

Recent findings relating to firefighter safety zones

Treesearch

Bret Butler; Russ Parsons; William Mell

2015-01-01

Designation of safety zones is a primary duty of all wildland firefighters. Unfortunately, information regarding what constitutes an adequate safety zone is inadequately defined. Measurements of energy release from wildland fires have been used to develop an empirically based safety zone guideline. The basis for this work is described here.

Work zone impacts assessment : an approach to assess and management work zone safety and mobility impacts of road projects

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-05-01

To help transportation agencies understand and implement the provisions of the Rule, FHWA has : developed four guidance documents. This Guide is designed to help transportation agencies : develop and/or update their own policies, processes, and proce...

An assessment of schoolyard features and behavior patterns in children's utilization and physical activity.

PubMed

Anthamatten, Peter; Brink, Lois; Kingston, Beverly; Kutchman, Eve; Lampe, Sarah; Nigg, Claudio

2014-03-01

Careful research that elucidates how behavior relates to design in the context of elementary school grounds can serve to guide cost-efficient design with the goal of encouraging physical activity (PA). This work explores patterns in children's PA behavior within playground spaces with the specific goal of guiding healthy playground design. Data on children's utilization and PA behavior in 6 playgrounds divided into 106 observation zones were collected in 2005 and 2006 at Denver elementary school playgrounds using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth. Analyses of variance and t tests determined whether there were differences in utilization and behavior patterns across observations zones and between genders. This study provides evidence that children prefer to use certain types of playground zones and that they are more likely to practice moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in some zones. The authors observed statistically significant differences between genders. Boys were more likely to engage in MVPA in zones without equipment, girls were more likely to use zones with equipment. This work suggests that the inclusion or omission of specific playground features may have an impact on the way that children use the spaces.

Development of a new model for batch sedimentation and application to secondary settling tanks design.

PubMed

Karamisheva, Ralica D; Islam, M A

2005-01-01

Assuming that settling takes place in two zones (a constant rate zone and a variable rate zone), a model using four parameters accounting for the nature of the water-suspension system has been proposed for describing batch sedimentation processes. The sludge volume index (SVI) has been expressed in terms of these parameters. Some disadvantages of the SVI application as a design parameter have been pointed out, and it has been shown that a relationship between zone settling velocity and sludge concentration is more consistent for describing the settling behavior and for design of settling tanks. The permissible overflow rate has been related to the technological parameters of secondary settling tank by simple working equations. The graphical representations of these equations could be used to optimize the design and operation of secondary settling tanks.

Zoned near-zero refractive index fishnet lens antenna: Steering millimeter waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pacheco-Peña, V., E-mail: victor.pacheco@unavarra.es; Orazbayev, B., E-mail: b.orazbayev@unavarra.es; Beaskoetxea, U., E-mail: unai.beaskoetxea@unavarra.es

2014-03-28

A zoned fishnet metamaterial lens is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated at millimeter wavelengths to work as a negative near-zero refractive index lens suitable for compact lens antenna configurations. At the design frequency f = 56.7 GHz (λ{sub 0} = 5.29 mm), the zoned fishnet metamaterial lens, designed to have a focal length FL = 9λ{sub 0}, exhibits a refractive index n = −0.25. The focusing performance of the diffractive optical element is briefly compared with that of a non-zoned fishnet metamaterial lens and an isotropic homogeneous zoned lens made of a material with the same refractive index. Experimental and numerically-computed radiation diagrams of the fabricated zoned lens are presentedmore » and compared in detail with that of a simulated non-zoned lens. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, demonstrating an enhancement generated by the zoned lens of 10.7 dB, corresponding to a gain of 12.26 dB. Moreover, beam steering capability of the structure by shifting the feeder on the xz-plane is demonstrated.« less

Vehicle emission implications of drivers' smart advisory system for traffic operations in work zones.

PubMed

Li, Qing; Qiao, Fengxiang; Yu, Lei

2016-05-01

Wireless communication systems have been broadly applied in various complicated traffic operations to improve mobility and safety on roads, which may raise a concern about the implication of the new technology on vehicle emissions. This paper explores how the wireless communication systems improve drivers' driving behaviors and its contributions to the emission reduction, in terms of Operating Mode (OpMode) IDs distribution used in emission estimation. A simulated work zone with completed traffic operation was selected as a test bed. Sixty subjects were recruited for the tests, whose demographic distribution was based on the Census data in Houston, Texas. A scene of a pedestrian's crossing in the work zone was designed for the driving test. Meanwhile, a wireless communication system called Drivers Smart Advisory System (DSAS) was proposed and introduced in the driving simulation, which provided drivers with warning messages in the work zone. Two scenarios were designed for a leading vehicle as well as for a following vehicle driving through the work zone, which included a base test without any wireless communication systems, and a driving test with the trigger of the DSAS. Subjects' driving behaviors in the simulation were recorded to evaluate safety and estimate the vehicle emission using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released emission model MOVES. The correlation between drivers' driving behavior and the distribution of the OpMode ID during each scenario was investigated. Results show that the DSAS was able to induce drivers to accelerate smoothly, keep longer headway distance and stop earlier for a hazardous situation in the work zone, which driving behaviors result in statistically significant reduction in vehicle emissions for almost all studied air pollutants (p-values range from 4.10E-51 to 2.18E-03). The emission reduction was achieved by the switching the distribution of the OpMode IDs from higher emission zones to lower emission zones. Transportation section is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Many studies demonstrate that the wireless communication system dedicated for safety and mobility issues may contribute to the induction in vehicle emissions through changing driving behaviors. An insight into the correlation between the driving behaviors and the distribution of Operating Mode (OpMode) IDs is essential to enhance the emission reduction. The result of this study shows that with a Drivers Smart Advisory System (DSAS) drivers accelerated smoothly and stopped earlier for a hazardous situation, which induce the switch of the OpMode IDs from high emission zones to lower emission zones.

Optimized square Fresnel zone plates for microoptics applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rico-García, José María; Salgado-Remacha, Francisco Javier; Sanchez-Brea, Luis Miguel; Alda, Javier

2009-06-01

Polygonal Fresnel zone plates with a low number of sides have deserved attention in micro and nanoptics, because they can be straightforwardly integrated in photonic devices, and, at the same time, they represent a balance between the high-focusing performance of a circular zone plate and the easiness of fabrication at micro and nano-scales of polygons. Among them, the most representative family are Square Fresnel Zone Plates (SFZP). In this work, we propose two different customized designs of SFZP for optical wavelengths. Both designs are based on the optimization of a SFZP to perform as close as possible as a usual Fresnel Zone Plate. In the first case, the criterion followed to compute it is the minimization of the difference between the area covered by the angular sector of the zone of the corresponding circular plate and the one covered by the polygon traced on the former. Such a requirement leads to a customized polygon-like Fresnel zone. The simplest one is a square zone with a pattern of phases repeating each five zones. On the other hand, an alternative SFZP can be designed guided by the same criterion but with a new restriction. In this case, the distance between the borders of different zones remains unaltered. A comparison between the two lenses is carried out. The irradiance at focus is computed for both and suitable merit figures are defined to account for the difference between them.

Maintenance of Traffic for Innovative Geometric Design Work Zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

Currently there are no guidelines within the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) on construction phasing and maintenance of traffic (MOT) for retrofit construction and maintenance projects involving innovative geometric designs. The res...

Hot zone design for controlled growth to mitigate cracking in laser crystal growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hui; Zheng, Lili; Fang, Haisheng

2011-03-01

Cracking is a major problem during large diameter crystal growth. The objective of this work is to design an effective hot zone for a controlled growth of Yb:S-FAP [Yb3+:Sr5(PO4)3F] laser crystal by the Czochralski technology and effective cooling that can reduce stress. Theoretical and numerical analyses are performed to study the causes of cracking, mitigate the major cracking, as well as reduce cooling time. In the current system, three locations in the crystal are prone to crack, such as the top shoulder of the crystal, the middle portion above the crucible edge, and the bottom tail portion. Based on numerical simulations, we propose a new hot zone design and cooling procedure to grow and cool large diameter crystal without cracking.

Reflections on the Ecolab and the Zone of Proximal Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luckin, Rosemary; du Boulay, Benedict

2016-01-01

In 1999 we reported a study that explored the way that Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development could be used to inform the design of an Interactive Learning Environment called the Ecolab. Two aspects of this work have subsequently been used for further research. Firstly, there is the interpretation of the ZPD and its associated theory that was…

Numerical simulation of the stress distribution in a coal mine caused by a normal fault

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hongmei; Wu, Jiwen; Zhai, Xiaorong

2017-06-01

Luling coal mine was used for research using FLAC3D software to analyze the stress distribution characteristics of the two sides of a normal fault zone with two different working face models. The working faces were, respectively, on the hanging wall and the foot wall; the two directions of mining were directed to the fault. The stress distributions were different across the fault. The stress was concentrated and the influenced range of stress was gradually larger while the working face was located on the hanging wall. The fault zone played a negative effect to the stress transmission. Obviously, the fault prevented stress transmission, the stress concentrated on the fault zone and the hanging wall. In the second model, the stress on the two sides decreased at first, but then increased continuing to transmit to the hanging wall. The concentrated stress in the fault zone decreased and the stress transmission was obvious. Because of this, the result could be used to minimize roadway damage and lengthen the time available for coal mining by careful design of the roadway and working face.

Use of incentive/disincentive contracting to mitigate work zone traffic impacts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-11-01

Incentive/disincentive clauses (I/D) are designed to award payments to contractors if they complete work ahead of schedule and to deduct payments if they exceed the completion time. A previously unanswered question is, Did the costs of the actual ...

WORKING WITH WHAEM2000: CAPTURE ZONE DELINEATION FOR A CITY WELLFIELD IN A VALLEY FILL GLACIAL OUTWASH AQUIFER SUPPORTING WELLHEAD PROTECTION

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this document is to introduce through a case study the use of the ground water geohydrology computer program WhAEM for Microsoft Windows (32-bit), or WhAEM2000. WhAEM2000 is a public domain, ground-water flow model designed to facilitate capture zone delineation an...

Experimental design for estimating parameters of rate-limited mass transfer: Analysis of stream tracer studies

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wagner, Brian J.; Harvey, Judson W.

1997-01-01

Tracer experiments are valuable tools for analyzing the transport characteristics of streams and their interactions with shallow groundwater. The focus of this work is the design of tracer studies in high-gradient stream systems subject to advection, dispersion, groundwater inflow, and exchange between the active channel and zones in surface or subsurface water where flow is stagnant or slow moving. We present a methodology for (1) evaluating and comparing alternative stream tracer experiment designs and (2) identifying those combinations of stream transport properties that pose limitations to parameter estimation and therefore a challenge to tracer test design. The methodology uses the concept of global parameter uncertainty analysis, which couples solute transport simulation with parameter uncertainty analysis in a Monte Carlo framework. Two general conclusions resulted from this work. First, the solute injection and sampling strategy has an important effect on the reliability of transport parameter estimates. We found that constant injection with sampling through concentration rise, plateau, and fall provided considerably more reliable parameter estimates than a pulse injection across the spectrum of transport scenarios likely encountered in high-gradient streams. Second, for a given tracer test design, the uncertainties in mass transfer and storage-zone parameter estimates are strongly dependent on the experimental Damkohler number, DaI, which is a dimensionless combination of the rates of exchange between the stream and storage zones, the stream-water velocity, and the stream reach length of the experiment. Parameter uncertainties are lowest at DaI values on the order of 1.0. When DaI values are much less than 1.0 (owing to high velocity, long exchange timescale, and/or short reach length), parameter uncertainties are high because only a small amount of tracer interacts with storage zones in the reach. For the opposite conditions (DaI ≫ 1.0), solute exchange rates are fast relative to stream-water velocity and all solute is exchanged with the storage zone over the experimental reach. As DaI increases, tracer dispersion caused by hyporheic exchange eventually reaches an equilibrium condition and storage-zone exchange parameters become essentially nonidentifiable.

Improving work zone safety for freight vehicles : effective design patterns for vehicle mounted attenuators.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-12-01

This report presents a study of driver perceptions using a driving simulator carried out on the effectiveness of : four markings which vary in striping patterns and color combinations used at the rear of vehicle mounted : attenuators (VMAs) in work z...

47 CFR 24.243 - The cost-sharing formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...; monitoring or control equipment; engineering costs (design/path survey); installation; systems testing; FCC filing costs; site acquisition and civil works; zoning costs; training; disposal of old equipment; test...

Cable median barrier maintenance manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-08-01

This implementation guide describes the conceptual framework, data requirements, and computational procedures for determining the safety and mobility impacts of work zones in Texas. Researchers designed the framework and procedures to assist district...

WorkZoneQ user guide for two-lane freeway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

WorkZoneQ was developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to implement the results of the previous study, : Queue and Users Costs in Highway Work Zones. This report contains the WorkZoneQ user guide. WorkZoneQ : consists of eight Excel ...

Sample transportation management plans and templates.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

This Guide consisting of samples, templates, and tips is designed to help transportation agencies with the : development and implementation of their own Transportation Management Plans (TMPs). Understanding : the work zone impacts is critical to deve...

Speed behaviour in work zone crossovers. A driving simulator study.

PubMed

Domenichini, Lorenzo; La Torre, Francesca; Branzi, Valentina; Nocentini, Alessandro

2017-01-01

Reductions in speed and, more critically, in speed variability between vehicles are considered an important factor to reduce crash risk in work zones. This study was designed to evaluate in a virtual environment the drivers' behaviour in response to nine different configurations of a motorway crossover work zone. Specifically, the speed behaviour through a typical crossover layout, designed in accordance with the Italian Ministerial Decree 10 July 2002, was compared with that of eight alternative configurations which differ in some characteristics such as the sequence of speed limits, the median opening width and the lane width. The influence of variable message signs, of channelizing devices and of perceptual treatments based on Human Factor principles were also tested. Forty-two participants drove in driving simulator scenarios while data on their speeds and decelerations were collected. The results indicated that drivers' speeds are always higher than the temporary posted speed limits for all configurations and that speeds decreases significantly only within the by-passes. However the implementation of higher speed limits, together with a wider median opening and taller channelization devices led to a greater homogeneity of the speeds adopted by the drivers. The presence of perceptual measures generally induced both the greatest homogenization of speeds and the largest reductions in mean speed values. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gas dynamics of reactive gases in swirling-type furnace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akhmetshina, A. I.; Pavlov, G. I.; Sabirzyanov, A. N.; Tikhonov, O. A.

2017-09-01

It is known from the literature that for the complete reaction of two gases (fuel and oxidizer), it is necessary to fulfill three basic conditions: the stoichiometric ratio of reactive gases, qualitative mixing and ensuring the cooling of combustion products without "quenching". Of the above-stated conditions it is more difficult to organize a qualitative mixture formation. This physical process requires additional expenditure of energy flow. In this work we present the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the gas dynamics of a reactive gas mixture in a swirling-type furnace. The design scheme of the furnace includes two reaction zones for combustible components: the first zone is the zone of generation of combustible gases which composition is constant; the second zone of the furnace - zone of a homogeneous combustion reaction.

Work zone safety analysis and modeling: a state-of-the-art review.

PubMed

Yang, Hong; Ozbay, Kaan; Ozturk, Ozgur; Xie, Kun

2015-01-01

Work zone safety is one of the top priorities for transportation agencies. In recent years, a considerable volume of research has sought to determine work zone crash characteristics and causal factors. Unlike other non-work zone-related safety studies (on both crash frequency and severity), there has not yet been a comprehensive review and assessment of methodological approaches for work zone safety. To address this deficit, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing extensive research efforts focused on work zone crash-related analysis and modeling, in the hopes of providing researchers and practitioners with a complete overview. Relevant literature published in the last 5 decades was retrieved from the National Work Zone Crash Information Clearinghouse and the Transport Research International Documentation database and other public digital libraries and search engines. Both peer-reviewed publications and research reports were obtained. Each study was carefully reviewed, and those that focused on either work zone crash data analysis or work zone safety modeling were identified. The most relevant studies are specifically examined and discussed in the article. The identified studies were carefully synthesized to understand the state of knowledge on work zone safety. Agreement and inconsistency regarding the characteristics of the work zone crashes discussed in the descriptive studies were summarized. Progress and issues about the current practices on work zone crash frequency and severity modeling are also explored and discussed. The challenges facing work zone safety research are then presented. The synthesis of the literature suggests that the presence of a work zone is likely to increase the crash rate. Crashes are not uniformly distributed within work zones and rear-end crashes are the most prevalent type of crashes in work zones. There was no across-the-board agreement among numerous papers reviewed on the relationship between work zone crashes and other factors such as time, weather, victim severity, traffic control devices, and facility types. Moreover, both work zone crash frequency and severity models still rely on relatively simple modeling techniques and approaches. In addition, work zone data limitations have caused a number of challenges in analyzing and modeling work zone safety. Additional efforts on data collection, developing a systematic data analysis framework, and using more advanced modeling approaches are suggested as future research tasks.

Guidelines for developing transportation management plans in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

A transportation management plan (TMP) is a comprehensive program of traffic control, communication, operation, and demand management strategies designed to maintain acceptable levels of traffic flow in work zones. A systematic procedure and/or check...

Evaluation of Automated Flagger Assistance Devices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-02-01

Automated flagger assistance devices (AFADs) are designed to improve worker safety by replacing flaggers who are typically located near traffic approaching a work zone. In this study, a new AFAD developed by the Missouri Department of Transportation ...

Design of reliable universal QCA logic in the presence of cell deposition defect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sen, Bibhash; Mukherjee, Rijoy; Mohit, Kumar; Sikdar, Biplab K.

2017-08-01

The emergence of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has resulted in being identified as a promising alternative to the currently prevailing techniques of very large scale integration. QCA can provide low-power nanocircuit with high device density. Keeping aside the profound acceptance of QCA, the challenge that it is facing can be quoted as susceptibility to high error rate. The work produced in this article aims towards the design of a reliable universal logic gate (r-ULG) in QCA (r-ULG along with the single clock zone and r-ULG-II along with multiple clock zones). The design would include hybrid orientation of cells that would realise majority and minority, functions and high fault tolerance simultaneously. The characterisation of the defective behaviour of r-ULGs under different kinds of cell deposition defects is investigated. The outcomes of the investigation provide an indication that the proposed r-ULG provides a fault tolerance of 75% under single clock zone and a fault tolerance of 100% under dual clock zones. The high functional aspects of r-ULGs in the implementation of different logic functions successfully under cell deposition defects are affirmed by the experimental results. The high-level logic around the multiplexer is synthesised, which helps to extend the design capability to the higher-level circuit synthesis.

Freeway work zone lane capacity.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

The focus of this report is a capacity analysis of two long-term urban freeway Work Zones. Work Zone #1 : tapered four mainline lanes to two, using two separate tapers; Work Zone #2 tapered two mainline lanes to one. : Work Zone throughput was analyz...

Analysis of heat recovery of diesel engine using intermediate working fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Lei; Zhang, Jiang; Tan, Gangfeng; Liu, Huaming

2017-07-01

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is an effective way to recovery the engine exhaust heat. The thermal stability of the evaporation system is significant for the stable operation of the ORC system. In this paper, the performance of the designed evaporation system which combines with the intermediate fluid for recovering the exhaust waste heat from a diesel engine is evaluated. The thermal characteristics of the target diesel engine exhaust gas are evaluated based on the experimental data firstly. Then, the mathematical model of the evaporation system is built based on the geometrical parameters and the specific working conditions of ORC. Finally, the heat transfer characteristics of the evaporation system are estimated corresponding to three typical operating conditions of the diesel engine. The result shows that the exhaust temperature at the evaporator outlet increases slightly with the engine speed and load. In the evaporator, the heat transfer coefficient of the Rankine working fluid is slightly larger than the intermediate fluid. However, the heat transfer coefficient of the intermediate fluid in the heat exchanger is larger than the exhaust side. The heat transfer areas of the evaporator in both the two-phase zone and the preheated zone change slightly along with the engine working condition while the heat transfer areas of the overheated zone has changed obviously. The maximum heat transfer rate occurs in the preheating zone while the minimum value occurs in the overheating zone. In addition, the Rankine working fluid temperature at the evaporator outlet is not sensitively affected by the torque and speed of the engine and the organic fluid flow is relatively stable. It is concluded that the intermediate fluid could effectively reduce the physical changes of Rankine working fluid in the evaporator outlet due to changes in engine operating conditions.

Oregon Department of Transportation research leader : fall 2008.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

The newsletter includes: : 1) To ensure safe travel through construction work zones, Traffic Control Plans (TCPs) are developed to communicate required traffic control measures to the construction team. The quality of the design and implementation of...

Non-invasive paper-based microfluidic device for ultra-low detection of urea through enzyme catalysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suresh, Vignesh; Qunya, Ong; Kanta, Bera Lakshmi; Yuh, Lee Yeong; Chong, Karen S. L.

2018-03-01

This work describes the design, fabrication and characterization of a paper-based microfluidic device for ultra-low detection of urea through enzyme catalysis. The microfluidic system comprises an entry port, a fluidic channel, a reaction zone and two electrodes (contacts). Wax printing was used to create fluidic channels on the surface of a chromatography paper. Pre-conceptualized designs of the fluidic channel are wax-printed on the paper substrate while the electrodes are screen-printed. The paper printed with wax is heated to cause the wax reflow along the thickness of the paper that selectively creates hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones inside the paper. Urease immobilized in the reaction zone catalyses urea into releasing ions and, thereby, generating a current flow between the electrodes. A measure of current with respect to time at a fixed potential enables the detection of urea. The methodology enabled urea concentration down to 1 pM to be detected. The significance of this work lies in the use of simple and inexpensive paper-based substrates to achieve detection of ultra-low concentrations of analytes such as urea. The process is non-invasive and employs a less cumbersome two-electrode assembly.

Visual warning system for worker safety on roadside work-zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

Growing traffic on US roadways and heavy construction machinery on road construction sites pose a critical safety : threat to construction workers. This report summarizes the design and development of a worker safety system using : Dedicated Short Ra...

The Impact of Operating Room Layout on Circulating Nurse's Work Patterns and Flow Disruptions: A Behavioral Mapping Study.

PubMed

Bayramzadeh, Sara; Joseph, Anjali; San, Dee; Khoshkenar, Amin; Taaffe, Kevin; Jafarifiroozabadi, Roxana; Neyens, David M

2018-01-01

To assess how the adjacencies of functionally different areas within operating rooms (ORs) can influence the circulating nurse's (CN) workflow patterns and disruptions. The CN plays a significant role in promoting patient safety during surgical procedures by observing, monitoring, and managing potential threats at and around the surgical field. Their work requires constant movement to different parts of the OR to support team members. The layout of the OR and crowded and cluttered environment might impact the CN's workflow and cause disruptions during the surgery. A convenience sample of 25 surgeries were video recorded and thematically coded for CN's activities, locations, and flow disruptions. The OR layout was categorized into transitional zones and functional zones (workstations, supply zones, support zones, and sterile areas around the surgical table). CN's activities were classified into patient-, equipment-, material-, and information-related activities. Flow disruptions included those related to environmental hazards and layout. The CN traveled through multiple zones during 91% of the activities. The CN's workstation acted as a main hub from which the CN made frequent trips to both sides of the surgical table, the foot of the OR table, supply zones, and support zones. Transitional zones accounted for 58.3% of all flow disruption that the CN was involved in whereas 28% occurred in areas surrounding the OR bed. The similarity of the movement and flow disruption patterns, despite variations in OR layout, highlighted the adjacencies required between major zones that CNs regularly visit. These optimum adjacencies should be considered while designing ORs such that they are more efficient and safer.

Use of positive protection in work zones : transportation synthesis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-05-01

The MnDOT Office of Traffic, Safety and Technology is developing a manual on the use of temporary barriers, truck-mounted attenuators and other types of positive protection devices as guidance for designers, construction workers and contractors. To s...

Development of an interactive GIS based work zone traffic control tool.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The purpose of this study was to include consideration for intersections into the previously created GIS traffic control planning tool. Available data for making intersection control calculations were collected and integrated into the design of the t...

Performance Efficiency of a Crash Energy Management System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-03-13

Previous work has led to the development of a crash energy : management (CEM) system designed to distribute crush : throughout unoccupied areas of a passenger train in a collision : event. This CEM system is comprised of crush zones at the : front an...

Use of Additional Lighting for Traffic Control and Speed Reduction in Work Zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-02-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is seeking new approaches to the design of the next national long-distance travel study- advanced methods of capturing and analyzing travel data to support effective, defensible transportation decision-making...

Creation of synthetic homogeneous neighbourhoods using zone design algorithms to explore relationships between asthma and deprivation in Strasbourg, France.

PubMed

Sabel, C E; Kihal, W; Bard, D; Weber, C

2013-08-01

The concept of 'neighbourhood' as a unit of analysis has received considerable research attention over the last decade. Many of these studies raise the question of the influence of local characteristics on variations in health and more recently, researchers have sought to understand how the neighbourhood can influence individual health through individual behaviour. Relatively few studies discuss the question of the borders and definition of a neighbourhood but we know that the results from health or population datasets are very sensitive to how zones are constructed - part of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). In reality, we know that neighbourhoods are not constrained by artificial statistical boundaries, but rather exist as complex multi-dimensional living communities. This paper tries to better represent the reality on the ground of these communities to better inform studies of health. In this work, we have developed an experimental approach for the automated design of neighbourhoods using a small tessellated cell as a basic building block. Using the software AZTool, we considered population, shape and homogeneity constraints to develop a highly innovative approach to zone construction. The paper reports the challenges and compromises involved in building these new synthetic neighbourhoods. We provide a fully worked example of how our new synthetic homogeneous zones perform using data from Strasbourg, France. We examine data on Asthma reported through calls to the emergency services, and compare these rates with an index of multiple deprivation (NDI) which we have constructed and reported elsewhere. Higher correlations between Asthma and NDI were found using our newly constructed synthetic zones than using the existing French census areas of similar size. The significance of our work is that we show that careful construction of neighbourhoods - which we claim are more realistic than census areas - can greatly aid unpacking our understanding of neighbourhood relationships between health and the social and physical environments. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Improving work zone safety through speed management.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Safety hazards are increased in highway work zones as the dynamics of a work zone introduce a constantly changing : environment with varying levels of risk. Excessive speeding through work and maintenance zones is a common occurrence : which elevates...

Resources on work zone safety and mobility performance monitoring and measurement.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

Work zone performance measures are metrics that help quantify how work zones impact travelers, residents, businesses, and workers. Some performance measures describe how an individual work zone impacts these audiences; other performance measures desc...

Improving the effectiveness of smart work zone technologies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

This project evaluates the effectiveness of sensor network systems for work zone traffic estimation. The comparative analysis is : performed on a work zone modeled in microsimulation and calibrated with field data from two Illinois work zones. Realis...

Using the CAE technologies of engineering analysis for designing steam turbines at ZAO Ural Turbine Works

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goloshumova, V. N.; Kortenko, V. V.; Pokhoriler, V. L.; Kultyshev, A. Yu.; Ivanovskii, A. A.

2008-08-01

We describe the experience ZAO Ural Turbine Works specialists gained from mastering the series of CAD/CAE/CAM/PDM technologies, which are modern software tools of computer-aided engineering. We also present the results obtained from mathematical simulation of the process through which high-and intermediate-pressure rotors are heated for revealing the most thermally stressed zones, as well as the results from mathematical simulation of a new design of turbine cylinder shells for improving the maneuverability of these turbines.

Effect of changing driving conditions on driver behavior towards design of a safe and efficient traffic system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

This simulation-based study explores the effects of different work zone configurations, varying distances : between traffic signs, traffic density and individual differences on drivers behavior. Conventional Lane : Merge (CLM) and Joint Lane Merge...

47 CFR 27.1164 - The cost-sharing formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... control equipment; engineering costs (design/path survey); installation; systems testing; FCC filing costs; site acquisition and civil works; zoning costs; training; disposal of old equipment; test equipment... a replacement system, such as equipment and engineering expenses. C may not exceed $250,000 per...

Evaluation of work zone speed limits : an objective and subjective analysis of work zones in Missouri.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-02-01

This study objectively and subjectively examined speed characteristics and driver compliance with the posted speed limit : in Missouri work zones. The objective evaluation collected vehicle speeds from four work zones with different : configurations ...

Optimization of a constrained linear monochromator design for neutral atom beams.

PubMed

Kaltenbacher, Thomas

2016-04-01

A focused ground state, neutral atom beam, exploiting its de Broglie wavelength by means of atom optics, is used for neutral atom microscopy imaging. Employing Fresnel zone plates as a lens for these beams is a well established microscopy technique. To date, even for favorable beam source conditions a minimal focus spot size of slightly below 1μm was reached. This limitation is essentially given by the intrinsic spectral purity of the beam in combination with the chromatic aberration of the diffraction based zone plate. Therefore, it is important to enhance the monochromaticity of the beam, enabling a higher spatial resolution, preferably below 100nm. We propose to increase the monochromaticity of a neutral atom beam by means of a so-called linear monochromator set-up - a Fresnel zone plate in combination with a pinhole aperture - in order to gain more than one order of magnitude in spatial resolution. This configuration is known in X-ray microscopy and has proven to be useful, but has not been applied to neutral atom beams. The main result of this work is optimal design parameters based on models for this linear monochromator set-up followed by a second zone plate for focusing. The optimization was performed for minimizing the focal spot size and maximizing the centre line intensity at the detector position for an atom beam simultaneously. The results presented in this work are for, but not limited to, a neutral helium atom beam. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Seven Experiment Designs Addressing Problems of Safety and Capacity on Two-Lane Rural Highways : Volume 8. Experimental Design and Evaluate Remedial Aids for Intersections with Inadequate Sight Distance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

Americans lose 3.7 billion hours and 2.3 billion gallons of fuel every year sitting in traffic jams, and nearly 24 percent of non-recurring freeway delay, or about 482 million hours, is attributed to work zones. To combat the country's growing transp...

Evaluation Of Traffic Control Devices For Rural High-Speed Maintenance Work Zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-01

This report documents the first year activities of a two-year project in which various work zone traffic control devices, treatments, and practices were implemented and evaluated. The focus was on rural high-speed work zones. Nine work zones were stu...

Integrating Climate Change Resilience Features into the Incremental Refinement of an Existing Marine Park

PubMed Central

Beckley, Lynnath E.; Kobryn, Halina T.; Lombard, Amanda T.; Radford, Ben; Heyward, Andrew

2016-01-01

Marine protected area (MPA) designs are likely to require iterative refinement as new knowledge is gained. In particular, there is an increasing need to consider the effects of climate change, especially the ability of ecosystems to resist and/or recover from climate-related disturbances, within the MPA planning process. However, there has been limited research addressing the incorporation of climate change resilience into MPA design. This study used Marxan conservation planning software with fine-scale shallow water (<20 m) bathymetry and habitat maps, models of major benthic communities for deeper water, and comprehensive human use information from Ningaloo Marine Park in Western Australia to identify climate change resilience features to integrate into the incremental refinement of the marine park. The study assessed the representation of benthic habitats within the current marine park zones, identified priority areas of high resilience for inclusion within no-take zones and examined if any iterative refinements to the current no-take zones are necessary. Of the 65 habitat classes, 16 did not meet representation targets within the current no-take zones, most of which were in deeper offshore waters. These deeper areas also demonstrated the highest resilience values and, as such, Marxan outputs suggested minor increases to the current no-take zones in the deeper offshore areas. This work demonstrates that inclusion of fine-scale climate change resilience features within the design process for MPAs is feasible, and can be applied to future marine spatial planning practices globally. PMID:27529820

Work zone variable speed limit systems: Effectiveness and system design issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

Variable speed limit (VSL) systems have been used in a number of countries, particularly in Europe, as a method to improve flow and increase safety. VSLs use detectors to collect data on current traffic and/or weather conditions. Posted speed limits ...

Work zone variable speed limit systems : effectiveness and system design issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

Variable speed limit (VSL) systems have been used in a number of countries, particularly in Europe, as a method to improve flow and increase safety. VSLs use detectors to collect data on current traffic and/or weather conditions. Posted speed limits ...

Integrated risk management for improving internal traffic control, work-zone safety, and mobility during major construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

Highway construction is among the most dangerous industries in the US. Internal traffic control design, along with how construction : equipment and vehicles interact with the traveling public, have a significant effect on how safe a highway construct...

Analysis of properties laser welded RAK 40/70 steel sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evin, E.; Tomáš, M.; Fujda, M.

2017-11-01

Both, the ecological production and operation of vehicles demand using such materials for deformation zones’ structural parts, which show some specific properties and use innovative technologies to process them. Specific requirements for functionality (strength, stiffness, deformation work, fatigue properties) are closely linked to processability (formability). In the paper are presented results for multiphase TRIP steel RAK40/70 when welded by pulse solid-state fiber laser YLS-5000. Based on microstructure analysis in the fusion zone and heat affected zone the welding parameters were optimised. The influence of laser welding on the strength and deformation properties was verified by characteristics of strength, stiffness and deformation work, as they were calculated from mechanical properties measured by tensile test and three-point bending test. The knowledge gathered in the field of laser welding influence on the strength and deformation properties of multiphase TRIP steel RAK40/70 should help designers when design the lightweight structural parts of the car body.

Development of Diesel Engine Operated Forklift Truck for Explosive Gas Atmospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vishwakarma, Rajendra Kumar; Singh, Arvind Kumar; Ahirwal, Bhagirath; Sinha, Amalendu

2018-02-01

For the present study, a prototype diesel engine operated Forklift truck of 2 t capacity is developed for explosive gas atmosphere. The parts of the Forklift truck are assessed against risk of ignition of the explosive gases, vapors or mist grouped in Gr. IIA and having ignition temperature more than 200°C. Identification of possible sources of ignition and their control or prevention is the main objective of this work. The design transformation of a standard Forklift truck into a special Forklift truck is made on prototype basis. The safety parameters of the improved Forklift truck are discussed in this paper. The specially designed Forklift truck is useful in industries where explosive atmospheres may present during normal working conditions and risk of explosion is a concern during handling or transportation of materials. This indigenous diesel engine based Forklift truck for explosive gas atmosphere classified as Zone 1 and Zone 2 area and gas group IIA is developed first time in India in association with the Industry.

Work zone intrusion alert technologies : assessment and practical guidance : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

A work zone intrusion alert technology is a type of safety system that is used in a roadway work zone to alert field workers and secure time for them to escape when errant vehicles intrude into the work zone. Although such technologies have potential...

Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Anticipated Turnover among Nurses in Sidama Zone Public Health Facilities, South Ethiopia

PubMed Central

Belachew, Tefera; Yimam, Ebrahim

2014-01-01

Background. Workplace turnover is destructive to nursing and patient outcomes as it leads to losing competent and qualified nurses. However, developments of coping strategies demand a clear understanding of workplace variables that either motivate nurses to remain employed or lead them to leave their current jobs. Objective. This study was designed toassess factors influencing job satisfaction and intention to turnover among nurses in Sidama zone public health facilities, in Southern Ethiopia. Method. Cross-sectional study design was carried out on 278 nurses using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods from May 12 to June 05, 2010. Result. A total of 242 nurses were interviewed giving a response rate of 87%. Nearly two-third (68.6%) of the participants were female, and the mean age was 28 (±6.27) years for both sexes. All job satisfaction subscale except benefit and salary subscale were significant predictors of overall job satisfaction. Satisfactions with work environment and group cohesion (AOR: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.12, 0.51]), single cohesion (AOR: 2.56 [95% CI: 1.27, 5.13]), and working in hospital (AOR: 2.19 [95% CI: 1.12, 4.30]) were the final significant predictors of anticipated turnover of Sidama zone nurses. Conclusions. More than any factors managers should consider the modification of working environment and group cohesions rather than trying to modify nurses to retain and maintain more experienced nurses for the organizations. PMID:24707397

Acoustic Emission and Echo Signal Compensation Techniques Applied to an Ultrasonic Logging-While-Drilling Caliper.

PubMed

Yao, Yongchao; Ju, Xiaodong; Lu, Junqiang; Men, Baiyong

2017-06-10

A logging-while-drilling (LWD) caliper is a tool used for the real-time measurement of a borehole diameter in oil drilling engineering. This study introduces the mechanical structure and working principle of a new LWD caliper based on ultrasonic distance measurement (UDM). The detection range is a major performance index of a UDM system. This index is determined by the blind zone length and remote reflecting interface detection capability of the system. To reduce the blind zone length and detect near the reflecting interface, a full bridge acoustic emission technique based on bootstrap gate driver (BGD) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is designed by analyzing the working principle and impedance characteristics of a given piezoelectric transducer. To detect the remote reflecting interface and reduce the dynamic range of the received echo signals, the relationships between the echo amplitude and propagation distance of ultrasonic waves are determined. A signal compensation technique based on time-varying amplification theory, which can automatically change the gain according to the echo arrival time is designed. Lastly, the aforementioned techniques and corresponding circuits are experimentally verified. Results show that the blind zone length in the UDM system of the LWD caliper is significantly reduced and the capability to detect the remote reflecting interface is considerably improved.

Acoustic Emission and Echo Signal Compensation Techniques Applied to an Ultrasonic Logging-While-Drilling Caliper

PubMed Central

Yao, Yongchao; Ju, Xiaodong; Lu, Junqiang; Men, Baiyong

2017-01-01

A logging-while-drilling (LWD) caliper is a tool used for the real-time measurement of a borehole diameter in oil drilling engineering. This study introduces the mechanical structure and working principle of a new LWD caliper based on ultrasonic distance measurement (UDM). The detection range is a major performance index of a UDM system. This index is determined by the blind zone length and remote reflecting interface detection capability of the system. To reduce the blind zone length and detect near the reflecting interface, a full bridge acoustic emission technique based on bootstrap gate driver (BGD) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is designed by analyzing the working principle and impedance characteristics of a given piezoelectric transducer. To detect the remote reflecting interface and reduce the dynamic range of the received echo signals, the relationships between the echo amplitude and propagation distance of ultrasonic waves are determined. A signal compensation technique based on time-varying amplification theory, which can automatically change the gain according to the echo arrival time is designed. Lastly, the aforementioned techniques and corresponding circuits are experimentally verified. Results show that the blind zone length in the UDM system of the LWD caliper is significantly reduced and the capability to detect the remote reflecting interface is considerably improved. PMID:28604603

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section 630.1006 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1006 Work zone safety and mobility...

Work zone simulator analysis : driver performance and acceptance of alternate merge sign configurations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

Improving work zone road safety is an issue of great interest due to the high number of crashes observed in work : zones. Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use a variety of methods to inform drivers of upcoming work zones. One method : used by DOT...

40 CFR 63.1365 - Test methods and initial compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B... establish the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time, and... carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service life...

23 CFR 630.1006 - Work zone safety and mobility policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Work zone safety and mobility policy. 630.1006 Section... policy. Each State shall implement a policy for the systematic consideration and management of work zone impacts on all Federal-aid highway projects. This policy shall address work zone impacts throughout the...

Analysis of passenger-car crash injury severity in different work zone configurations.

PubMed

Osman, Mohamed; Paleti, Rajesh; Mishra, Sabyasachee

2018-02-01

Work zone safety remains a priority to the Federal Highway Administration, State Highway Departments, highway engineers, and the traveling public. Work zones create a hospitable environment for crashes; an issue that gained tremendous share of attention in recent years. Therefore, every effort should be sought out to reduce the injury severity of crashes in work zones. In this paper we attempt to investigate factors contributing to the injury severity of passenger-car crashes in different work zone configurations. Considering the discrete ordinal nature of injury severity categories, a Mixed Generalized Ordered Response Probit (MGORP) modeling framework was developed. The model estimation was undertaken by compiling a database consisting of 10 years of crashes that involved at least one passenger car, and occurred in a work zone. Revealing the underlying factors contributing to injury severity levels for different work zone configurations will allow for distinguishing mitigation methods for higher severity outcomes that best suit each of the depicted work zone layouts. This can be accomplished through the implementation of specific safety measures based on the specific configuration of a work zone as a potential crash location. Elasticity analysis suggests that partial control of access, roadways classified as rural, crashes during evening times, crashes during weekends, and curved roadways are key factors that increase the likelihood of severe outcomes. Also, the effects of several covariates were found to vary across the different work zone configurations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

14 CFR 23.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Designated fire zones; regions included. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. Designated fire zones are— (a) For reciprocating engines— (1) The power section; (2) The accessory section; (3) Any...

14 CFR 23.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Designated fire zones; regions included. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. Designated fire zones are— (a) For reciprocating engines— (1) The power section; (2) The accessory section; (3) Any...

14 CFR 23.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Designated fire zones; regions included. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. Designated fire zones are— (a) For reciprocating engines— (1) The power section; (2) The accessory section; (3) Any...

14 CFR 23.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Designated fire zones; regions included. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. Designated fire zones are— (a) For reciprocating engines— (1) The power section; (2) The accessory section; (3) Any...

14 CFR 23.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Designated fire zones; regions included. 23... Powerplant Powerplant Fire Protection § 23.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. Designated fire zones are— (a) For reciprocating engines— (1) The power section; (2) The accessory section; (3) Any...

Active Work Zone Safety Using Emerging Technologies 2017.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-07-01

Highway construction work zones are hazardous environments characterized by a dynamic and limited work space. A host of interactions between workers, passing commuter vehicles, and moving construction equipment occurs in highway work zones fostering ...

Outdoor concert hall sound design: idea and possible solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Yang-Hann; Lee, Jung-Min; Kim, Wanjung; Kim, Hwan; Choi, Jung-Woo; Wang, Semyung

Sound design of outdoor concert halls needs to satisfy two contradictory objectives: good sound reproduction within the hall, as well as the minimization of external sound radiation. Outdoor concert hall usually has open space, therefore good sound for the listeners can be bad sound for its neighborhood. It would be a good attempt to have a virtual sound wall that can reflect all sound, therefore making a relatively quiet zone in the outside. This attempt can be possible if we could produce invisible but very high impedance mismatch around the hall, for a selected frequency band. This can be possible if we can generate an acoustically bright zone inside and a dark (quite) zone outside. Earlier work [Choi, J.-W. and Kim, Y.-H. (2002). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 1695-1700], at least, assures it is possible for a selected region and frequencies. Simulations show that it is possible for a two-dimensional case. Experimental verification has been also tried. The discrepancies have been explained in terms of the number of loudspeakers, their spatial distributions, spacing with regard to wavelength. The dependency of its performances with respect to the size of bright and dark zone scaled by wavelength of interest has also been explained.

Evaluation of chevron patterns for use on traffic control devices in street and highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

The chevron pattern consists of alternate orange and white stripes that form an arrow pointing in the direction in which traffic is being diverted. The objectives of this research were (1) to select the most effective design for the chevron pattern, ...

Full road closure for work zone operations, a cross-cutting study : reducing congestion and crashes through full road closure for maintenance and construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-08-01

The objective of this report is to raise awareness among designers construction engineers, and managers of the applications and benefits of full road closure during rehabilitation and construction activities. Based on interviews with project personne...

Issues of planning trajectory of parallel robots taking into account zones of singularity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rybak, L. A.; Khalapyan, S. Y.; Gaponenko, E. V.

2018-03-01

A method for determining the design characteristics of a parallel robot necessary to provide specified parameters of its working space that satisfy the controllability requirement is developed. The experimental verification of the proposed method was carried out using an approximate planar 3-RPR mechanism.

Component testing of a ground based gas turbine steam cooled rich-burn primary zone combustor for emissions control of nitrogeneous fuels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schultz, D. F.

1986-01-01

This effort summarizes the work performed on a steam cooled, rich-burn primary zone, variable geometry combustor designed for combustion of nitrogeneous fuels such as heavy oils or synthetic crude oils. The steam cooling was employed to determine its feasibility and assess its usefulness as part of a ground based gas turbine bottoming cycle. Variable combustor geometry was employed to demonstrate its ability to control primary and secondary zone equivalence ratios and overall pressure drop. Both concepts proved to be highly successful in achieving their desired objectives. The steam cooling reduced peak liner temperatures to less than 800 K. This low temperature offers the potential of both long life and reduced use of strategic materials for liner fabrication. These degrees of variable geometry were successfully employed to control air flow distribution within the combustor. A variable blade angle axial flow air swirler was used to control primary zone air flow, while the secondary and tertiary zone air flows were controlled by rotating bands which regulated air flow to the secondary zone quench holes and the dilutions holes respectively.

In-vehicle work zone messages : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

Work zones present an increased risk to drivers and the work crew. To mitigate these risks, this study investigated the : potential effects of in-vehicle messages to communicate work zone events to the driver. The researchers conducted : literature r...

Speeding in highway work zone: An Evaluation of methods of speed control.

PubMed

Ravani, Bahram; Wang, Chao

2018-04-01

Highway workers frequently work in close proximity of live traffic in highway work zones, traffic accidents therefore have devastating effects on worker safety. In order to reduce the potential for such accidents, methods involving use of advisory signs and police presence have been used to mitigate accident risks and improve safety for highway workers. This research evaluates the magnitude of the speeding problem in highway work zones and the effects of four levels of police presence on improving work zone safety. Speed data were collected in six different work zone locations in northern and southern California and used to determine the magnitude and nature of speeding problem in highway work zones. In addition data were collected over 11 test-days in four work zones with four levels of police presence: radar speed display with police decal and lighting, passive use of a police vehicle with radar speed display, passive use of a police vehicle without radar speed display, and active police speed enforcement near work zones. This paper analyzes this data using statistical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of these different methods of speed control on the safety of the work zone. Four Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) were used in this evaluation consisting of average speed reduction, speed variance, 85th percentile speed, and proportion of high speed vehicles. The results indicate that all levels of police presence provided statistically significant improvements in one or more of the MOEs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Iowa Work Zone Fatalities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

From March through November, the Iowa DOT may have up to 500 road construction work zones, and each of the department's maintenance garages may establish one or more short-term work zones per day. Couple that with the work of cities and counties, and...

Thermal dynamic simulation of wall for building energy efficiency under varied climate environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xuejin; Zhang, Yujin; Hong, Jing

2017-08-01

Aiming at different kind of walls in five cities of different zoning for thermal design, using thermal instantaneous response factors method, the author develops software to calculation air conditioning cooling load temperature, thermal response factors, and periodic response factors. On the basis of the data, the author gives the net work analysis about the influence of dynamic thermal of wall on air-conditioning load and thermal environment in building of different zoning for thermal design regional, and put forward the strategy how to design thermal insulation and heat preservation wall base on dynamic thermal characteristic of wall under different zoning for thermal design regional. And then provide the theory basis and the technical references for the further study on the heat preservation with the insulation are in the service of energy saving wall design. All-year thermal dynamic load simulating and energy consumption analysis for new energy-saving building is very important in building environment. This software will provide the referable scientific foundation for all-year new thermal dynamic load simulation, energy consumption analysis, building environment systems control, carrying through farther research on thermal particularity and general particularity evaluation for new energy -saving walls building. Based on which, we will not only expediently design system of building energy, but also analyze building energy consumption and carry through scientific energy management. The study will provide the referable scientific foundation for carrying through farther research on thermal particularity and general particularity evaluation for new energy saving walls building.

Impact of contact lens zone geometry and ocular optics on bifocal retinal image quality

PubMed Central

Bradley, Arthur; Nam, Jayoung; Xu, Renfeng; Harman, Leslie; Thibos, Larry

2014-01-01

Purpose To examine the separate and combined influences of zone geometry, pupil size, diffraction, apodisation and spherical aberration on the optical performance of concentric zonal bifocals. Methods Zonal bifocal pupil functions representing eye + ophthalmic correction were defined by interleaving wavefronts from separate optical zones of the bifocal. A two-zone design (a central circular inner zone surrounded by an annular outer-zone which is bounded by the pupil) and a five-zone design (a central small circular zone surrounded by four concentric annuli) were configured with programmable zone geometry, wavefront phase and pupil transmission characteristics. Using computational methods, we examined the effects of diffraction, Stiles Crawford apodisation, pupil size and spherical aberration on optical transfer functions for different target distances. Results Apodisation alters the relative weighting of each zone, and thus the balance of near and distance optical quality. When spherical aberration is included, the effective distance correction, add power and image quality depend on zone-geometry and Stiles Crawford Effect apodisation. When the outer zone width is narrow, diffraction limits the available image contrast when focused, but as pupil dilates and outer zone width increases, aberrations will limit the best achievable image quality. With two-zone designs, balancing near and distance image quality is not achieved with equal area inner and outer zones. With significant levels of spherical aberration, multi-zone designs effectively become multifocals. Conclusion Wave optics and pupil varying ocular optics significantly affect the imaging capabilities of different optical zones of concentric bifocals. With two-zone bifocal designs, diffraction, pupil apodisation spherical aberration, and zone size influence both the effective add power and the pupil size required to balance near and distance image quality. Five-zone bifocal designs achieve a high degree of pupil size independence, and thus will provide more consistent performance as pupil size varies with light level and convergence amplitude. PMID:24588552

Analysis of the frequency and severity of rear-end crashes in work zones.

PubMed

Qi, Yi; Srinivasan, Raghavan; Teng, Hualiang; Baker, Robert

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence the frequency and severity of rear-end crashes in work zones because rear-end crashes represent a significant proportion of crashes that occur in work zones. Truncated count data models were developed to identify influencing factors on the frequency of read-end crashes in work zones and ordered probit models were developed to evaluate influencing factors on the severity of rear-end crashes in work zones. Most of the variables identified in this study for these 2 models were significant at the 95 percent level. The statistics for models indicate that the 2 developed models are appropriate compared to alternative models. Major findings related to the frequency of rear-end crashes include the following: (1) work zones for capacity and pavement improvements have the highest frequency compared to other types of work zones; (2) work zones controlled by flaggers are associated with more rear-end crashes compared to those controlled by arrow boards; and (3) work zones with alternating one-way traffic tended to have more rear-end crashes compared to those with lane shifts. Major findings related to the severity of the rear-end crashes include the following: (1) rear-end crashes associated with alcohol, night, pedestrians, and roadway defects are more severe, and those associated with careless backing, stalled vehicles, slippery roadways, and misunderstanding flagging signals are less severe; (2) truck involvement and a large number of vehicles in a crash are both associated with increased severity, and (3) rear-end crashes that happened in work zones for bridge, capacity, and pavement are likely to be more severe than others.

On validation of the rain climatic zone designations for Nigeria

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obiyemi, O. O.; Ibiyemi, T. S.; Ojo, J. S.

2017-07-01

In this paper, validation of rain climatic zone classifications for Nigeria is presented based on global radio-climatic models by the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication (ITU-R) and Crane. Rain rate estimates deduced from several ground-based measurements and those earlier estimated from the precipitation index on the Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM) were employed for the validation exercise. Although earlier classifications indicated that Nigeria falls into zones P, Q, N, and K for the ITU-R designations, and zones E and H for Crane's climatic zone designations, the results however confirmed that the rain climatic zones across Nigeria can only be classified into four, namely P, Q, M, and N for the ITU-R designations, while the designations by Crane exhibited only three zones, namely E, G, and H. The ITU-R classification was found to be more suitable for planning microwave and millimeter wave links across Nigeria. The research outcomes are vital in boosting the confidence level of system designers in using the ITU-R designations as presented in the map developed for the rain zone designations for estimating the attenuation induced by rain along satellite and terrestrial microwave links over Nigeria.

Crash characteristics at work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

Work zones tend to cause hazardous conditions for drivers and construction workers since they generate conflicts between construction activities and traffic. A clear understanding of the characteristics of work zone crashes will enhance the selection...

Work zone safety : physical and behavioral barriers in accident prevention.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

This report discusses the usefulness of creating a work zone traffic safety culture as a methodology to improve the overall : safety of both work zone personnel and the traveling public in Missouri. As part of this research, the existing MoDOT : Work...

Definition and automatic anatomy recognition of lymph node zones in the pelvis on CT images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yu; Udupa, Jayaram K.; Odhner, Dewey; Tong, Yubing; Guo, Shuxu; Attor, Rosemary; Reinicke, Danica; Torigian, Drew A.

2016-03-01

Currently, unlike IALSC-defined thoracic lymph node zones, no explicitly provided definitions for lymph nodes in other body regions are available. Yet, definitions are critical for standardizing the recognition, delineation, quantification, and reporting of lymphadenopathy in other body regions. Continuing from our previous work in the thorax, this paper proposes a standardized definition of the grouping of pelvic lymph nodes into 10 zones. We subsequently employ our earlier Automatic Anatomy Recognition (AAR) framework designed for body-wide organ modeling, recognition, and delineation to actually implement these zonal definitions where the zones are treated as anatomic objects. First, all 10 zones and key anatomic organs used as anchors are manually delineated under expert supervision for constructing fuzzy anatomy models of the assembly of organs together with the zones. Then, optimal hierarchical arrangement of these objects is constructed for the purpose of achieving the best zonal recognition. For actual localization of the objects, two strategies are used -- optimal thresholded search for organs and one-shot method for the zones where the known relationship of the zones to key organs is exploited. Based on 50 computed tomography (CT) image data sets for the pelvic body region and an equal division into training and test subsets, automatic zonal localization within 1-3 voxels is achieved.

Work zone intrusion alarm effectiveness.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

16. Abstract : The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) commissioned a study to evaluate how : effective a work zone safety device known as the SonoBlaster! Work Zone Intrusion Alarm would be : in protecting maintenance workers fro...

Research notes : helping businesses in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

Many business owners fear that highway construction projects will significantly reduce traffic to their businesses. Customers complain about the difficulty in finding business driveways in work zones. Drivers are guided through most work zone using o...

Evaluation of Ohio work zone speed zones process.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

This report describes the methodology and results of analyses performed to determine the effectiveness of Ohio Department of Transportation processes for establishing work zone speed zones. Researchers observed motorists speed choice upstream of a...

Remote sensing in the mixing zone. [water pollution in Wisconsin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Villemonte, J. R.; Hoopes, J. A.; Wu, D. S.; Lillesand, T. M.

1973-01-01

Characteristics of dispersion and diffusion as the mechanisms by which pollutants are transported in natural river courses were studied with the view of providing additional data for the establishment of water quality guidelines and effluent outfall design protocols. Work has been divided into four basic categories which are directed at the basic goal of developing relationships which will permit the estimation of the nature and extent of the mixing zone as a function of those variables which characterize the outfall structure, the effluent, and the river, as well as climatological conditions. The four basic categories of effort are: (1) the development of mathematical models; (2) laboratory studies of physical models; (3) field surveys involving ground and aerial sensing; and (4) correlation between aerial photographic imagery and mixing zone characteristics.

Work zone safety analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

This report presents research performed analyzing crashes in work zones in the state of New Jersey so as to : identify critical areas in work zones susceptible to crashes and key factors that contribute to these crashes. A field : data collection on ...

Application of visualization and simulation program to improve work zone safety and mobility.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

A previous study sponsored by the Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative, Feasibility of Visualization and Simulation Applications to Improve Work Zone Safety and Mobility, demonstrated the feasibility of combining readily available, inexpensive...

Application of visualization and simulation program to improve work zone safety and mobility.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

"A previous study sponsored by the Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative, Feasibility of Visualization and Simulation Applications to Improve Work Zone Safety and Mobility, demonstrated the feasibility of combining readily available, inexpensiv...

Effectiveness of work zone intelligent transportation systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

In the last decade, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have increasingly been deployed in work zones by state departments of transportation. Also known as smart work zone systems they improve traffic operations and safety by providing real-time...

Traffic flow characteristic and capacity in intelligent work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-15

Intellgent transportation system (ITS) technologies are utilized to manage traffic flow and safety in : highway work zones. Traffic management plans for work zones require queuing analyses to determine : the anticipated traffic backups, but the predi...

Examining the impact of ASE (automated speed enforcement) in work zones on driver attention : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

Each year, there are over 500 fatal crashes in work zones in the U.S., with over 100 road construction workers : killed on work sites (NSC, 2011; FARS, 2011). Speed and distraction are among the top contributing factors to : work zone crashes (Garber...

Monitoring work zone safety and mobility impacts in Texas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-05-01

In this report, Texas Transportation Institute researchers identify key work zone safety and mobility : performance measures that the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) should target as part of a work : zone monitoring program within a distri...

Modeling merging behavior at lane drops.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

In work-zone configurations where lane drops are present, merging of traffic at the taper presents an operational concern. In : addition, as flow through the work zone is reduced, the relative traffic safety of the work zone is also reduced. Improvin...

Calibration of highway safety manual work zone crash modification factors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

The Highway Safety Manual is the national safety manual that provides quantitative methods for analyzing highway safety. The : HSM presents crash modification factors related to work zone characteristics such as work zone duration and length. These c...

Evaluation of Work Zone Speed Reduction Measures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-04-01

The Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) has made improving work zone (WZ) safety a high priority. Managing vehicle speeds through work zones is perceived to be an important factor in achieving this goal. A number of speed reduction techniques are...

Work zone performance measures pilot test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-04-01

Currently, a well-defined and validated set of metrics to use in monitoring work zone performance do not : exist. This pilot test was conducted to assist state DOTs in identifying what work zone performance : measures can and should be targeted, what...

Portable positive protection : a guide for short duration and short term work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

Transportation agencies, contractors, researchers, and private vendors are actively looking for new methods and devices : to help make construction and maintenance work zones safer while maximizing mobility. Short-term and short-duration : work zones...

Modeling work zone crash frequency by quantifying measurement errors in work zone length.

PubMed

Yang, Hong; Ozbay, Kaan; Ozturk, Ozgur; Yildirimoglu, Mehmet

2013-06-01

Work zones are temporary traffic control zones that can potentially cause safety problems. Maintaining safety, while implementing necessary changes on roadways, is an important challenge traffic engineers and researchers have to confront. In this study, the risk factors in work zone safety evaluation were identified through the estimation of a crash frequency (CF) model. Measurement errors in explanatory variables of a CF model can lead to unreliable estimates of certain parameters. Among these, work zone length raises a major concern in this analysis because it may change as the construction schedule progresses generally without being properly documented. This paper proposes an improved modeling and estimation approach that involves the use of a measurement error (ME) model integrated with the traditional negative binomial (NB) model. The proposed approach was compared with the traditional NB approach. Both models were estimated using a large dataset that consists of 60 work zones in New Jersey. Results showed that the proposed improved approach outperformed the traditional approach in terms of goodness-of-fit statistics. Moreover it is shown that the use of the traditional NB approach in this context can lead to the overestimation of the effect of work zone length on the crash occurrence. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A post audit of a model-designed ground water extraction system.

PubMed

Andersen, Peter F; Lu, Silong

2003-01-01

Model post audits test the predictive capabilities of ground water models and shed light on their practical limitations. In the work presented here, ground water model predictions were used to design an extraction/treatment/injection system at a military ammunition facility and then were re-evaluated using site-specific water-level data collected approximately one year after system startup. The water-level data indicated that performance specifications for the design, i.e., containment, had been achieved over the required area, but that predicted water-level changes were greater than observed, particularly in the deeper zones of the aquifer. Probable model error was investigated by determining the changes that were required to obtain an improved match to observed water-level changes. This analysis suggests that the originally estimated hydraulic properties were in error by a factor of two to five. These errors may have resulted from attributing less importance to data from deeper zones of the aquifer and from applying pumping test results to a volume of material that was larger than the volume affected by the pumping test. To determine the importance of these errors to the predictions of interest, the models were used to simulate the capture zones resulting from the originally estimated and updated parameter values. The study suggests that, despite the model error, the ground water model contributed positively to the design of the remediation system.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hot Impact Toughness of Various Zones of P91 Welded Pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandey, C.; Mahapatra, M. M.

2016-06-01

The new generation super critical thermal power plants are required to operate at enhanced thermal efficiency of over 50% to reduce the fuel consumption and environmental pollution. Creep strength-enhanced ferritic steels, commonly known as Cr-Mo alloys such as P91 (X10CrMoVNb 9-1) are such material of choice for the next generation power plants. The operating requirement of these next generation power plants is that steam temperature of around 650 °C is maintained. For such high-temperature application, creep strength of material is the primary consideration together with adequate weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) toughness. Present work deals with the effect of high service temperature on impact toughness of P91 (X10CrMoVNb 9-1) base material, weld fusion zone, and HAZ. The impact toughness of HAZ for conventional weld groove design and narrow weld groove design has been evaluated experimentally in as-welded and at different post-weld heat treatment conditions. Fractography of the impact toughness specimens of base metal, weld fusion zone, and HAZ was carried out using scanning electron microscope. The effects of heat treatment schemes on the percentage of element present at the fracture surface were also studied.

Work zone performance monitoring application development, research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-01

In 2004, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) updated the work zone regulations to encourage the collection and use of work zone safety and mobility data (23 CFR 630 Subpart J). The new rule essentially requires agencies to use data to generate ...

Evaluation of variable advisory speed limits in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

Variable advisory speed limit (VASL) systems could be effective at both urban and rural work zones, at both uncongested and congested sites. At uncongested urban work zones, the average speeds with VASL were lower than without VASL. But the standard ...

Cost-benefit analysis of sequential warning lights in nighttime work zone tapers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

Improving safety at nighttime work zones is important because of the extra visibility concerns. The deployment of sequential lights is an innovative method for improving driver recognition of lane closures and work zone tapers. Sequential lights are ...

Best practices for INDOT-funded work zone police patrols.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

Transportation agencies across the U.S. are expending a great deal of effort to improve highway work zone safety. Among those efforts : is a special fund for work zone enforcement established by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). The a...

23 CFR 630.1104 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...-aid highway funding. Exposure Control Measures means traffic management strategies to avoid work zone crashes involving workers and motorized traffic by eliminating or reducing traffic through the work zone... including uniformed law enforcement officers, used to reduce the risk of work zone crashes involving...

23 CFR 630.1104 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-aid highway funding. Exposure Control Measures means traffic management strategies to avoid work zone crashes involving workers and motorized traffic by eliminating or reducing traffic through the work zone... including uniformed law enforcement officers, used to reduce the risk of work zone crashes involving...

23 CFR 630.1104 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-aid highway funding. Exposure Control Measures means traffic management strategies to avoid work zone crashes involving workers and motorized traffic by eliminating or reducing traffic through the work zone... including uniformed law enforcement officers, used to reduce the risk of work zone crashes involving...

23 CFR 630.1104 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...-aid highway funding. Exposure Control Measures means traffic management strategies to avoid work zone crashes involving workers and motorized traffic by eliminating or reducing traffic through the work zone... including uniformed law enforcement officers, used to reduce the risk of work zone crashes involving...

23 CFR 630.1104 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-aid highway funding. Exposure Control Measures means traffic management strategies to avoid work zone crashes involving workers and motorized traffic by eliminating or reducing traffic through the work zone... including uniformed law enforcement officers, used to reduce the risk of work zone crashes involving...

24 CFR 597.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE DESIGNATIONS Post-Designation Requirements § 597.400 Reporting. HUD will require periodic reports for the Empowerment Zones and... these reports, such other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones and Enterprise...

24 CFR 597.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE DESIGNATIONS Post-Designation Requirements § 597.400 Reporting. HUD will require periodic reports for the Empowerment Zones and... these reports, such other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones and Enterprise...

24 CFR 597.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE DESIGNATIONS Post-Designation Requirements § 597.400 Reporting. HUD will require periodic reports for the Empowerment Zones and... these reports, such other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones and Enterprise...

33 CFR 156.230 - Factors considered in designating lightering zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Factors considered in designating... Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.230 Factors considered in designating lightering zones. The following factors are considered in designating a lightering zone: (a) The findings of the...

33 CFR 156.230 - Factors considered in designating lightering zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Factors considered in designating... Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.230 Factors considered in designating lightering zones. The following factors are considered in designating a lightering zone: (a) The findings of the...

33 CFR 156.230 - Factors considered in designating lightering zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Factors considered in designating... Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.230 Factors considered in designating lightering zones. The following factors are considered in designating a lightering zone: (a) The findings of the...

33 CFR 156.230 - Factors considered in designating lightering zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Factors considered in designating... Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.230 Factors considered in designating lightering zones. The following factors are considered in designating a lightering zone: (a) The findings of the...

33 CFR 156.230 - Factors considered in designating lightering zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Factors considered in designating... Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.230 Factors considered in designating lightering zones. The following factors are considered in designating a lightering zone: (a) The findings of the...

Highway construction work zone safety performance and improvement in Louisiana : research project capsule.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

While the number of : crashes in Louisiana : construction work zones : has decreased in recent : years, the total count of : work zone crashes is still : significant, warranting : research into how to reduce : crashes. An assessment : of risk factors...

Development of a guideline for work zone diversion rate and capacity reduction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-01

This study develops a comprehensive guideline to estimate the traffic diversion rates and capacity reduction for : work zones. The analysis of the traffic diversion patterns with data from past work zones in the metro freeway : network in Minnesota r...

Capacity and road user cost analysis of selected freeway work zones in Texas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

This research was developed to produce usable and meaningful estimates for work zone capacities under a variety of roadway and traffic conditions, work zone configurations, and lane closure scenarios within Texas. Using data collected at eighteen wor...

Estimation of traffic impacts at work zones : state of the practice.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

Assessing the safety and mobility impacts of work zones across the project development phases of road construction and maintenance projects is an emphasis area of the Federal Highway Administration's Final Rule on Work Zone Safety and Mobility1 (Fina...

Evaluation of work zone split traffic symbol sign : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

Effective signage that is easy to understand facilitates safe driving through a work zone. While the guidance for work zone signage in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is suitable for many conditions, there may be instances where...

Missouri work zone capacity : results of field data analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

This report presents the results of work zone field data analyzed on interstate highways in Missouri to : determine the mean breakdown and queue-discharge flow rates as measures of capacity. Several days of : traffic data collected at a work zone nea...

Studies to assess the impact of nighttime work zone lighting on motorists.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

This report describes the methodology and results of analyses performed to assess the impact of work zone lighting on motorists. Field studies were conducted to provide insight into how drivers eyes react to typical temporary work zone lighting co...

Missouri Work Zone Capacity : Results of Field Data Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

This report presents the results of work zone field data analyzed on interstate highways in Missouri to determine : the mean breakdown and queue-discharge flow rates as measures of capacity. Several days of traffic data : collected at a work zone nea...

Balancing the costs of mobility investments in work zones : phase 1 final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

Work zone safety and mobility continue to be critical transportation concerns in Michigan and elsewhere. : Previous research has led to the development of a variety of tools, performance measures and decision-making frameworks to analyze work zone sa...

National Combustion Code Validated Against Lean Direct Injection Flow Field Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iannetti, Anthony C.

2003-01-01

Most combustion processes have, in some way or another, a recirculating flow field. This recirculation stabilizes the reaction zone, or flame, but an unnecessarily large recirculation zone can result in high nitrogen oxide (NOx) values for combustion systems. The size of this recirculation zone is crucial to the performance of state-of-the-art, low-emissions hardware. If this is a large-scale combustion process, the flow field will probably be turbulent and, therefore, three-dimensional. This research dealt primarily with flow fields resulting from lean direct injection (LDI) concepts, as described in Research & Technology 2001. LDI is a concept that depends heavily on the design of the swirler. The LDI concept has the potential to reduce NOx values from 50 to 70 percent of current values, with good flame stability characteristics. It is cost effective and (hopefully) beneficial to do most of the design work for an LDI swirler using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes are CAE tools that can calculate three-dimensional flows in complex geometries. However, CFD codes are only beginning to correctly calculate the flow fields for complex devices, and the related combustion models usually remove a large portion of the flow physics.

77 FR 66072 - Designation of New Grantee; Foreign Trade Zone 66, Wilmington, NC, and Foreign-Trade Zone 67...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Order No. 1861] Designation of New Grantee; Foreign Trade Zone 66, Wilmington, NC, and Foreign-Trade Zone 67, Morehead City, NC Pursuant to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of June 18, 1934, as amended (19 U.S.C. 81a-81u), and the Foreign-Trade Zones Board Regulations (15 CFR part...

WORKING WITH WHAEM2000: SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT FOR A GLACIAL OUTWASH WELLFIELD, VINCENNES, INDIANA (REVISED MARCH 2003)

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this document is to introduce the use of the ground water geohydrology computer program WhAEM for Microsoft Windows (32-bit), or WhAEM2000. WhAEM2000 is a public domain, ground-water flow model designed to facilitate capture zone delineation and protection area map...

Vibration isolation technology: Sensitivity of selected classes of experiments to residual accelerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, J. Iwan D.

1991-01-01

Work was completed on all aspects of the following tasks: order of magnitude estimates; thermo-capillary convection - two-dimensional (fixed planar surface); thermo-capillary convection - three-dimensional and axisymmetric; liquid bridge/floating zone sensitivity; transport in closed containers; interaction: design and development stages; interaction: testing flight hardware; and reporting. Results are included in the Appendices.

Measuring mountain river discharge using seismographs emplaced within the hyporheic zone

Treesearch

R. E. Anthony; R. C. Aster; S. Ryan; S. Rathburn; M. G. Baker

2018-01-01

Flow and sediment transport dynamics in fluvial systems play critical roles in shaping river morphology, in the design and use of riverine infrastructure, and in the broader management of watersheds. However, these properties are often difficult to measure comprehensively. Previous work has suggested the use of proximal seismic signals resulting from flow and bed load...

Writing Removal and Resistance: Native American Rhetoric in the Composition Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, Daniel

2011-01-01

This essay describes my design and implementation of a composition course focused on the Native American rhetorical device of survivance at work in debates on Indian removal and U.S.-Indian relations in general. Using a contact zone approach, I found that the course improved writing and thinking skills by pushing students out of their ideological…

Evaluation of work zone safety operations and issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-03-01

Work zone activities are one of the areas with a high potential for compromised safety for workers and road users. Various measures have been taken to increase the level of safety in work zones; including the use of double fines for speeding and the ...

Testing and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Advanced Technologies for Work Zones in Nevada

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-08-30

The objective of this study was to evaluate two advanced technologies for improving safety in work zones: 1) speed monitoring display and 2) automatic work zone information system. In the evaluation of the speed monitoring display (also called a spee...

Work zone safety : physical and behavioral barriers in accident prevention.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

This report discusses the usefulness of creating a work zone traffic safety culture as a methodology to improve the overall : safety of both work zone personnel and the traveling public in Missouri. As part of this research, the existing MoDOT : w : ...

Traffic analysis toolbox volume IX : work zone modeling and simulation, a guide for analysts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

This document is the second volume in the FHWA Traffic Analysis Toolbox: Work Zone Analysis series. Whereas the first volume provides guidance to decision-makers at agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of analytical tools in work zone plan...

24 CFR 597.402 - Validation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE... eligibility for and the validity of the designation of any Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community. Determinations of whether any designated Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community remains in good standing shall...

Mobile machine hazardous working zone warning system

DOEpatents

Schiffbauer, William H.; Ganoe, Carl W.

1999-01-01

A warning system is provided for a mobile working machine to alert an individual of a potentially dangerous condition in the event the individual strays into a hazardous working zone of the machine. The warning system includes a transmitter mounted on the machine and operable to generate a uniform magnetic field projecting beyond an outer periphery of the machine in defining a hazardous working zone around the machine during operation thereof. A receiver, carried by the individual and activated by the magnetic field, provides an alarm signal to alert the individual when he enters the hazardous working zone of the machine.

Mobile machine hazardous working zone warning system

DOEpatents

Schiffbauer, W.H.; Ganoe, C.W.

1999-08-17

A warning system is provided for a mobile working machine to alert an individual of a potentially dangerous condition in the event the individual strays into a hazardous working zone of the machine. The warning system includes a transmitter mounted on the machine and operable to generate a uniform magnetic field projecting beyond an outer periphery of the machine in defining a hazardous working zone around the machine during operation. A receiver, carried by the individual and activated by the magnetic field, provides an alarm signal to alert the individual when he enters the hazardous working zone of the machine. 3 figs.

Depletion zones and crystallography on pinched spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jingyuan; Xing, Xiangjun; Yao, Zhenwei

2018-03-01

Understanding the interplay between ordered structures and substrate curvature is an interesting problem with versatile applications, including functionalization of charged supramolecular surfaces and modern microfluidic technologies. In this work, we investigate the two-dimensional packing structures of charged particles confined on a pinched sphere. By continuously pinching the sphere, we observe cleavage of elongated scars into pleats, proliferation of disclinations, and subsequently, emergence of a depletion zone at the negatively curved waist that is completely void of particles. We systematically study the geometrics and energetics of the depletion zone, and reveal its physical origin as a finite size effect, due to the interplay between Coulomb repulsion and concave geometry of the pinched sphere. These results further our understanding of crystallography on curved surfaces, and have implications in design and manipulation of charged, deformable interfaces in various applications.

Communities on the Move: Pedestrian-Oriented Zoning as a Facilitator of Adult Active Travel to Work in the United States.

PubMed

Chriqui, Jamie F; Leider, Julien; Thrun, Emily; Nicholson, Lisa M; Slater, Sandy

2016-01-01

Communities across the United States have been reforming their zoning codes to create pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods with increased street connectivity, mixed use and higher density, open space, transportation infrastructure, and a traditional neighborhood structure. Zoning code reforms include new urbanist zoning such as the SmartCode, form-based codes, transects, transportation and pedestrian-oriented developments, and traditional neighborhood developments. To examine the relationship of zoning code reforms and more active living--oriented zoning provisions with adult active travel to work via walking, biking, or by using public transit. Zoning codes effective as of 2010 were compiled for 3,914 municipal-level jurisdictions located in 471 counties and 2 consolidated cities in 48 states and the District of Columbia, and that collectively covered 72.9% of the U.S. population. Zoning codes were evaluated for the presence of code reform zoning and nine pedestrian-oriented zoning provisions (1 = yes): sidewalks, crosswalks, bike-pedestrian connectivity, street connectivity, bike lanes, bike parking, bike-pedestrian trails/paths, mixed-use development, and other walkability/pedestrian orientation. A zoning scale reflected the number of provisions addressed (out of 10). Five continuous outcome measures were constructed using 2010-2014 American Community Survey municipal-level 5-year estimates to assess the percentage of workers: walking, biking, walking or biking, or taking public transit to work OR engaged in any active travel to work. Regression models controlled for municipal-level socioeconomic characteristics and a GIS-constructed walkability scale and were clustered on county with robust standard errors. Adjusted models indicated that several pedestrian-oriented zoning provisions were statistically associated (p < 0.05 or lower) with increased rates of walking, biking, or engaging in any active travel (walking, biking, or any active travel) to work: code reform zoning, bike parking (street furniture), bike lanes, bike-pedestrian trails/paths, other walkability, mixed-use zoning, and a higher score on the zoning scale. Public transit use was associated with code reform zoning and a number of zoning measures in Southern jurisdictions but not in non-Southern jurisdictions. As jurisdictions revisit their zoning and land use policies, they may want to evaluate the pedestrian-orientation of their zoning codes so that they can plan for pedestrian improvements that will help to encourage active travel to work.

Best practices for maximizing driver attention to work zone warning signs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

Studies have shown that rear-end crashes in the advance warning area for a work zone are the most common type of work zone crashes. Driver inattention (or distraction) is reported as the most common issue and a major contributing factor to those type...

Evaluation of innovative traffic safety devices at short-term work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the usage and effectiveness of innovative traffic control : devices that can be used in short-term work zones. Any device to be used in short-term work zones should command : the respect of ...

Evaluation of technology-enhanced flagger devices : focus group and survey studies in Kansas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

Flagger-controlled work zones, by their very nature tend to utilize fewer traffic control measures than other work zones. Often these work zones are in place for only a short duration of time, so adding signing or positive protection beyond the minim...

23 CFR 630.1012 - Project-level procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1012 Project-level procedures. (a) This section provides guidance and establishes procedures for States to manage the work zone impacts of individual projects. (b) Transportation Management Plan (TMP). A TMP consists of strategies to manage the work zone...

23 CFR 630.1012 - Project-level procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1012 Project-level procedures. (a) This section provides guidance and establishes procedures for States to manage the work zone impacts of individual projects. (b) Transportation Management Plan (TMP). A TMP consists of strategies to manage the work zone...

23 CFR 630.1012 - Project-level procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1012 Project-level procedures. (a) This section provides guidance and establishes procedures for States to manage the work zone impacts of individual projects. (b) Transportation Management Plan (TMP). A TMP consists of strategies to manage the work zone...

23 CFR 630.1012 - Project-level procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1012 Project-level procedures. (a) This section provides guidance and establishes procedures for States to manage the work zone impacts of individual projects. (b) Transportation Management Plan (TMP). A TMP consists of strategies to manage the work zone...

Optimizing work zones for highway maintenance with floating car data (FCD) : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

One of the main tools that the Department of Transportation (DOT) of each state in the United States should have to : support their work zone activities is a sound model that produces adequate work zone schedules for roadway maintenance : and constru...

Synthesis of research on work zone delays and simplified application of QuickZone analysis tool.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

The objectives of this project were to synthesize the latest information on work zone safety and management and identify case studies in which FHWAs decision support tool QuickZone or other appropriate analysis tools could be applied. The results ...

Applications of CPL mask technology for sub-65nm gate imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Litt, Lloyd C.; Conley, Will; Wu, Wei; Peters, Richie; Parker, Colita; Cobb, Jonathan; Kasprowicz, Bryan S.; van den Broeke, Doug; Park, J. C.; Karur-Shanmugam, Ramkumar

2005-05-01

The requirements for critical dimension control on gate layer for high performance products are increasingly demanding. Phase shift techniques provide aerial image enhancement, which can translate into improved process window performance and greater critical dimension (CD) control if properly applied. Unfortunately, the application of hard shifter technology to production requires significant effort in layout and optical proximity correction (OPC) application. Chromeless Phase Lithography (CPL) has several advantages over complementary phase mask (c:PSM) such as use of a single mask, and lack of phase placement 'coloring' conflicts and phase imbalance issues. CPL does have implementation issues that must be resolved before it can be used in full-scale production. CPL mask designs can be approached by separating features into three zones based on several parameters, including size relative to the lithographic resolution of the stepper lens, wavelength, and illumination conditions defined. Features are placed into buckets for different treatment zones. Zone 1 features are constructed with 100% transmission phase shifted structures and Zone 3 features are chrome (binary) structures. Features that fall into Zone 2, which are too wide to be defined using the 100% transmission of pure CPL (i.e. have negative mask error factor, MEEF) are the most troublesome and can be approached in several ways. The authors have investigated the application of zebra structures of various sizes to product type layouts. Previous work to investigate CPL using test structures set the groundwork for the more difficult task of applying CPL rules to actual random logic design layouts, which include many zone transitions. Mask making limitations have been identified that play a role in the zebra sizing that can be applied to Zone 2 features. The elimination of Zone 2 regions was also investigated in an effort to simplify the application of CPL and improve manufacturability of reticle through data enhancements.

78 FR 77597 - Safety Zone; Allied PRA-Solid Works, San Diego Bay; San Diego, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-24

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Allied PRA-Solid Works, San Diego Bay; San Diego, CA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... the Allied PRA--Solid Works fireworks display, which will be conducted from a barge located southwest... Works; San Diego, CA. (a) Location. The limits of the safety zone will include all the navigable waters...

Improvements and new concepts for traffic control in work zones. Volume 4, Speed control in work zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-09-01

Tile objective of the research was to determine or develop effective methods of s1owing traffic to an acceptable speed in work zones. Factors considered in the study included cost, motorist and worker safety, institutional constraints, and probabilit...

Use of police in work zones on highways in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

It is generally accepted that one of the most effective ways of controlling speed in a work zone is to have a staffed police car positioned at the beginning of the work zone with its lights flashing and radar on. Drivers detect the presence of police...

Evaluation of innovative traffic safety devices at short-term work zones : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the usage and effectiveness of innovative traffic control devices that can be used in short-term work zones. Any device to be used in short-term work zones should command the respect of driv...

Evaluation of data from test application of optical speed bars to highway work zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-08-01

The proximity of traffic and workers in highway work zones demand that safety be a high priority. : The issue of traffic speeds in highway work zones has long been an issue receiving much attention. Over the : past three decades, many different measu...

Scheduling work zones in multi-modal networks phase 1: scheduling work zones in transportation service networks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

The purpose of this project is to study the optimal scheduling of work zones so that they have minimum negative impact (e.g., travel delay, gas consumption, accidents, etc.) on transport service vehicle flows. In this project, a mixed integer linear ...

Evaluation of a real-time travel time prediction system in a freeway construction work zone : executive summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

A real-time travel time prediction system (TIPS) was evaluated in a construction work : zone. TIPS includes changeable message signs (CMSs) displaying the travel time and : distance to the end of the work zone to motorists. The travel times displayed...

Analysis of Truck Drivers' Opinions on Safety and Traffic Control on Highway Work Zones - Volume I - Summary of Findings - Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-01

This study was conducted to determine the truck drivers' travel characteristics, concerns about work zone traffic control devices, assessment of work zone features, as well as to determine the location of accidents and bad driving situations based on...

Analysis of Truck Drivers' Opinions on Safety and Traffic Control on Highway Work Zones - Volume II - Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-01

This study was conducted to determine the truck drivers' travel characteristics, concerns about work zone traffic control devices, assessment of work zone features, as well as to determine the location of accidents and bad driving situations based on...

Reduction of speed in work zones using ITS DMS instant feedback to drivers : vehicle speed versus traffic fine.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

Accidents in work zones produced 17 fatalities in Arizona and 840 fatalities and over 40,000 injuries : nationally in 2009. Motorists nationwide can expect to drive through one active work zone for every 100 : miles driven on the National Highway Sys...

Evaluation Of Traffic Control Devices For Rural High-Speed Maintenance Work Zones: Second Year Activities And Final Recommendations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-01

This report documents the second year of a two-year project to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative work zone traffic control devices. Researchers evaluated these devices at short-term rural work zones. During the second year of the project, seve...

24 CFR 597.403 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE... Secretary may revoke the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community if the... the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will...

24 CFR 597.403 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE... Secretary may revoke the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community if the... the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will...

24 CFR 597.300 - HUD action and review of nominations for designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE... the submission of nominations for designation as Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities... designation as Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities which HUD determines have met the criteria required...

24 CFR 597.403 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE... Secretary may revoke the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community if the... the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will...

7 CFR 25.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES General... submitted by applicants; such designations of rural empowerment zones and enterprise communities as are made... communities those nominated areas which are not designated as either a rural empowerment zone or enterprise...

24 CFR 597.403 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES: ROUND ONE... Secretary may revoke the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community if the... the designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will...

7 CFR 25.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES General... submitted by applicants; such designations of rural empowerment zones and enterprise communities as are made... communities those nominated areas which are not designated as either a rural empowerment zone or enterprise...

24 CFR 598.425 - Validation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS Post... of any Empowerment Zone. (b) HUD may approve an Empowerment Zone's request for boundary modification...

Optimization of Highway Work Zone Decisions Considering Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

strategies which can minimize the one-time work zone cost. Considering the complex and combinatorial nature of this optimization problem, a heuristic...combination of lane closure and traffic control strategies which can minimize the one-time work zone cost. Considering the complex and combinatorial nature ...zone) NV # the number of vehicle classes NPV $ Net Present Value p’(t) % Adjusted traffic diversion rate at time t p(t) % Natural diversion rate

Fatal accidents in nighttime vs. daytime highway construction work zones.

PubMed

Arditi, David; Lee, Dong-Eun; Polat, Gul

2007-01-01

Awareness about worker safety in nighttime construction has been a major concern because it is believed that nighttime construction creates hazardous work conditions. However, only a few studies provide valuable comparative information about accident characteristics of nighttime and daytime highway construction activities. This study investigates fatal accidents that occurred in Illinois highway work zones in the period 1996-2001 in order to determine the safety differences between nighttime and daytime highway construction. The lighting and weather conditions were included into the study as control parameters to see their effects on the frequency of fatal accidents occurring in work zones. According to this study, there is evidence that nighttime construction is more hazardous than daytime construction. The inclusion of a weather parameter into the analysis has limited effect on this finding. The study justifies establishing an efficient work zone accident reporting system and taking all necessary measures to enhance safety in nighttime work zones.

24 CFR 597.300 - HUD action and review of nominations for designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND... procedures for the submission of nominations for designation as Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities... designation as Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities which HUD determines have met the criteria required...

24 CFR 597.300 - HUD action and review of nominations for designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND... procedures for the submission of nominations for designation as Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities... designation as Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities which HUD determines have met the criteria required...

14 CFR 25.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... engines; and (7) Combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain... Protection § 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. (a) Designated fire zones are— (1) The engine power section; (2) The engine accessory section; (3) Except for reciprocating engines, any complete...

14 CFR 25.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... engines; and (7) Combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain... Protection § 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. (a) Designated fire zones are— (1) The engine power section; (2) The engine accessory section; (3) Except for reciprocating engines, any complete...

14 CFR 25.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... engines; and (7) Combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain... Protection § 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. (a) Designated fire zones are— (1) The engine power section; (2) The engine accessory section; (3) Except for reciprocating engines, any complete...

14 CFR 25.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... engines; and (7) Combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain... Protection § 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. (a) Designated fire zones are— (1) The engine power section; (2) The engine accessory section; (3) Except for reciprocating engines, any complete...

14 CFR 25.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... engines; and (7) Combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections of turbine engine installations that contain... Protection § 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions included. (a) Designated fire zones are— (1) The engine power section; (2) The engine accessory section; (3) Except for reciprocating engines, any complete...

14 CFR 29.1181 - Designated fire zones: regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... flammable fluids or gases and are isolated from the designated fire zone prescribed in paragraph (a)(6) of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Designated fire zones: regions included. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire...

14 CFR 29.1181 - Designated fire zones: regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... flammable fluids or gases and are isolated from the designated fire zone prescribed in paragraph (a)(6) of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Designated fire zones: regions included. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire...

14 CFR 29.1181 - Designated fire zones: regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... flammable fluids or gases and are isolated from the designated fire zone prescribed in paragraph (a)(6) of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Designated fire zones: regions included. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire...

14 CFR 29.1181 - Designated fire zones: regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... flammable fluids or gases and are isolated from the designated fire zone prescribed in paragraph (a)(6) of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Designated fire zones: regions included. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire...

14 CFR 29.1181 - Designated fire zones: regions included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... flammable fluids or gases and are isolated from the designated fire zone prescribed in paragraph (a)(6) of... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Designated fire zones: regions included. 29... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Powerplant Powerplant Fire...

"Out of My Comfort Zone": Understanding the Impact of a Service-Learning Experience in Rural El Salvador

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beckman, Paula J.; Christenson, Lea Ann

2016-01-01

This qualitative case study was designed to explore student's perceptions of the impact of a two-week service-learning experience in rural El Salvador. Students stayed in an economically impoverished village in rural El Salvador and worked on projects that promoted education for children in the village. Participants included 15 graduate and…

Patient Simulators Train Emergency Caregivers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2014-01-01

Johnson Space Center teamed up with Sarasota, Florida-based METI (now CAE Healthcare) through the STTR program to ruggedize the company’s patient simulators for training astronauts in microgravity environments. The design modifications were implemented in future patient simulators that are now used to train first responders in the US military as well as fire departments and other agencies that work in disaster zones.

Construction Project Administration and Management for Mitigating Work Zone Accidents and Fatalities: An Integrated Risk Management Model

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

The goal of this research is to mitigate the risk of highway accidents (crashes) and fatalities in work zones. The approach of this research has been to address the mitigation of work zone crashes through the creation of a formal risk management mode...

Evaluation of a real-time travel time prediction system in a freeway construction work zone : final report, March 2001.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

A real-time travel time prediction system (TIPS) was evaluated in a construction work zone. TIPS includes changeable message signs (CMSs) displaying the travel time and distance to the end of the work zone to motorists. The travel times displayed by ...

23 CFR 630.1106 - Policy and procedures for work zone safety management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Policy and procedures for work zone safety management... Policy and procedures for work zone safety management. (a) Each agency's policy and processes, procedures... established in accordance with 23 CFR 630.1006, shall include the consideration and management of road user...

Examination of the current practice of lighting in Virginia : nighttime work zones and improving safety through the development of nighttime lighting specifications : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

This project evaluated current nighttime work zone lighting practices for limited-access highways and primary routes in Virginia through (1) an on-site evaluation of lighting levels in work zones; (2) an illuminance characterization of various commer...

Examination of the current practice of lighting in Virginia : nighttime work zones and improving safety through the development of nighttime lighting specifications : summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

This project evaluated current nighttime work zone lighting practices for limited-access highways and primary routes in Virginia through (1) an on-site evaluation of lighting levels in work zones; (2) an illuminance characterization of various commer...

Modeling truck speed in the upstream of one-lane two-way highway work zones : implications on reducing truck-related crashes in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Truck-related crashes constitute a major safety concern for government agencies, the construction industry, and the traveling public. Due to the rising needs in highway maintenance and construction, the number of work zones is increasing throughout t...

Land Use Controls and the Provision of Education. NBER Working Paper No. 17730

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanushek, Eric A.; Yilmaz, Kuzey

2012-01-01

Considerable prior analysis has gone into the study of zoning restrictions on locational choice and on fiscal burdens. The prior work on zoning--particularly fiscal or exclusionary zoning--has provided both inconclusive theoretical results and quite inconsistent empirical support of the theory. More importantly, none of this work addresses…

7 CFR 25.405 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post... revoke the designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, or withdraw status... designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will issue a letter...

7 CFR 25.200 - Nominations by State and local governments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Section 25.200 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE... designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community. Nominated areas can be considered for designation... authority to: (A) Nominate the rural area for designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community and...

7 CFR 25.200 - Nominations by State and local governments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Section 25.200 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE... designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community. Nominated areas can be considered for designation... authority to: (A) Nominate the rural area for designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community and...

7 CFR 25.405 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post... revoke the designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, or withdraw status... designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will issue a letter...

7 CFR 25.200 - Nominations by State and local governments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Section 25.200 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE... designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community. Nominated areas can be considered for designation... authority to: (A) Nominate the rural area for designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community and...

7 CFR 25.405 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post... revoke the designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, or withdraw status... designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will issue a letter...

7 CFR 25.200 - Nominations by State and local governments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 25.200 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE... designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community. Nominated areas can be considered for designation... authority to: (A) Nominate the rural area for designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community and...

7 CFR 25.405 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post... revoke the designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, or withdraw status... designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will issue a letter...

7 CFR 25.405 - Revocation of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post... revoke the designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, or withdraw status... designation of a rural area as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community, the Secretary will issue a letter...

7 CFR 25.200 - Nominations by State and local governments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Section 25.200 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE... designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community. Nominated areas can be considered for designation... authority to: (A) Nominate the rural area for designation as an Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community and...

Data-driven traffic impact assessment tool for work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-03-01

Traditionally, traffic impacts of work zones have been assessed using planning software such as Quick Zone, custom spreadsheets, and others. These software programs generate delay, queuing, and other mobility measures but are difficult to validate du...

Assessment of air quality in and around a steel industry with direct reduction iron route.

PubMed

Jena, Pradip K; Behera, Dillip K; Mishra, C S K; Mohanty, Saswat K

2011-10-01

The coal based Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) route for secondary steel production is now a preferred choice in India. Steel making is invariably associated with emission of air pollutants into the environment. Air quality monitoring was carried out in Winter, Summer and Rainy seasons of 2008 in eight monitoring stations in the work zone and five stations in the residential zone of an Integrated Steel Industry located in Orissa state, India. Four air quality parameters i.e. SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NO2 were monitored. Mean SPM and RSPM values were found to be significantly high (p < 0.01) at stations nearer to source in both work zone and residential zone .The highest average SPM and RSPM values in the work zone recorded were 4869 microg/m3 and 1420 microg/m3 and in the residential zone 294 microg/m3 and 198 microg/m3 respectively. No significant difference in the SO2 and NO2 levels was observed between the work and residential zones. In general, the values of air pollutants were highest in Winter followed by Summer and Rainy season. SPM and RSPM values exceeded the National Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in both the residential and work zones.

Sharp acoustic vortex focusing by Fresnel-spiral zone plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiménez, Noé; Romero-García, Vicent; García-Raffi, Luis M.; Camarena, Francisco; Staliunas, Kestutis

2018-05-01

We report the optimal focusing of acoustic vortex beams by using flat lenses based on a Fresnel-spiral diffraction grating. The flat lenses are designed by spiral-shaped Fresnel zone plates composed of one or several arms. The constructive and destructive interferences of the diffracted waves by the spiral grating result in sharp acoustic vortex beams, following the focal laws obtained in analogy with the Fresnel zone plate lenses. In addition, we show that the number of arms determines the topological charge of the vortex, allowing the precise manipulation of the acoustic wave field by flat lenses. The experimental results in the ultrasonic regime show excellent agreement with the theory and full-wave numerical simulations. A comparison with beam focusing by Archimedean spirals also showing vortex focusing is given. The results of this work may have potential applications for particle trapping, ultrasound therapy, imaging, or underwater acoustic transmitters.

Improving feeding powder distribution to the compaction zone in the roller compaction.

PubMed

Yu, Mingzhe; Omar, Chalak; Schmidt, Alexander; Litster, James D; Salman, Agba D

2018-07-01

In the roller compaction process, powder flow properties have a significant influence on the uniformity of the ribbon properties. The objective of this work was to improve the powder flow in the feeding zone by developing novel feeding guiders which are located in the feeding zone close to the rollers in the roller compactor (side sealing system). Three novel feeding guiders were designed by 3D printing and used in the roller compactor, aiming to control the amount of powder passing across the roller width. The new feeding guiders were used to guide more powder to the sides between the rollers and less powder to the centre comparing to the original feeding elements. Temperature profile and porosity across the ribbon width indicated the uniformity of the ribbon properties. Using the novel feeding guiders resulted in producing ribbons with uniform temperature profile and porosity distribution across the ribbon width. The design of the feeding guiders contributed to improving the tensile strength of the ribbons produced from the compaction stage as well as reducing the fines produced from the crushing stage. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of pin tool design on the material flow of dissimilar AA7075-AA6061 friction stir welds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasan, Mohammed M.; Ishak, M.; Rejab, M. R. M.

2017-10-01

Tool design is the most influential aspect in the friction stir welding (FSW) technology. Influence of pin tool geometry on material flow pattern are studied in this work during the FSW of dissimilar AA7075 and AA6061 aluminium alloys. Three truncated pin tool profiles (threaded, threaded with single flat, and unthreaded with single flat) were used to prepare the weldments. The workpieces were joined using a custom-made clamping system under 1100 rpm of spindle speed, 300 mm/min of traverse rate and 3° of tilt angle. The metallographic analysis showed that defect-free welds can be produced using the three pin tools with significant changes in the mixing stir zone structure. The results declared that the introducing of the flat on the cone of the probe deviates the pattern of the onion rings without changing the chemical composition of the created layers. This in turn improves the hardness distribution and tensile strength of the welded joint. It was also noted that both heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermal-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) are similar in composition to their corresponding base materials (BM).

Design of suitable carrier buffer for free-flow zone electrophoresis by charge-to-mass ratio and band broadening analysis.

PubMed

Kong, Fan-Zhi; Yang, Ying; He, Yu-Chen; Zhang, Qiang; Li, Guo-Qing; Fan, Liu-Yin; Xiao, Hua; Li, Shan; Cao, Cheng-Xi

2016-09-01

In this work, charge-to-mass ratio (C/M) and band broadening analyses were combined to provide better guidance for the design of free-flow zone electrophoresis carrier buffer (CB). First, the C/M analyses of hemoglobin and C-phycocyanin (C-PC) under different pH were performed by CLC Protein Workbench software. Second, band dispersion due to the initial bandwidth, diffusion, and hydrodynamic broadening were discussed, respectively. Based on the analyses of the C/M and band broadening, a better guidance for preparation of free-flow zone electrophoresis CB was obtained. Series of experiments were performed to validate the proposed method. The experimental data showed high accordance with our prediction allowing the CB to be prepared easily with our proposed method. To further evaluate this method, C-PC was purified from crude extracts of Spirulina platensis with the selected separation condition. Results showed that C-PC was well separated from other phycobiliproteins that have similar physicochemical properties, and analytical grade product with purity up to 4.5 (A620/A280) was obtained. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Direct push injection logging for high resolution characterization of low permeability zones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, G.; Knobbe, S.; Butler, J. J., Jr.; Reboulet, E. C.; Borden, R. C.; Bohling, G.

2017-12-01

One of the grand challenges for groundwater protection and contaminated site remediation efforts is dealing with the slow, yet persistent, release of contaminants from low permeability zones. In zones of higher permeability, groundwater flow is relatively fast and contaminant transport can be more effectively affected by treatment activities. In the low permeability zones, however, groundwater flow and contaminant transport are slow and thus become largely insensitive to many in-situ treatment efforts. Clearly, for sites with low permeability zones, accurate depiction of the mass exchange between the low and higher permeability zones is critical for designing successful groundwater protection and remediation systems, which requires certain information such as the hydraulic conductivity (K) and porosity of the subsurface. The current generation of field methods is primarily developed for relatively permeable zones, and little work has been undertaken for characterizing zones of low permeability. For example, the direct push injection logging (DPIL) approach (e.g., Hydraulic Profiling Tool by Geoprobe) is commonly used for high resolution estimation of K over a range of 0.03 to 23 m/d. When K is below 0.03 m/d, the pressure responses from the current DPIL are generally too high for both the formation (potential formation alteration at high pressure) and measuring device (pressure exceeding the upper sensor limit). In this work, we modified the current DPIL tool by adding a low-flow pump and flowmeter so that injection logging can be performed with much reduced flow rates when K is low. Numerical simulations showed that the reduction in injection rates (reduced from 250 to 1 mL/min) allowed pressures to be measurable even when K was as low as 0.001 m/d. They also indicated that as the K decreased, the pore water pressure increase induced by probe advancement had a more significant impact on DPIL results. A new field DPIL profiling procedure was developed for reducing that impact. Our preliminary test results in both the lab and at a field site have demonstrated the promise of the modified DPIL approach as a practical method for characterizing low permeability zones.

Autonomous space processor for orbital debris

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramohalli, Kumar; Campbell, David; Brockman, Jeff P.; Carter, Bruce; Donelson, Leslie; John, Lawrence E.; Marine, Micky C.; Rodina, Dan D.

1989-01-01

This work continues to develop advanced designs toward the ultimate goal of a GETAWAY SPECIAL to demonstrate economical removal of orbital debris utilizing local resources in orbit. The fundamental technical feasibility was demonstrated last year through theoretical calculations, quantitative computer animation, a solar focal point cutter, a robotic arm design and a subscale model. During this reporting period, several improvements are made in the solar cutter, such as auto track capabilities, better quality reflectors and a more versatile framework. The major advance has been in the design, fabrication and working demonstration of a ROBOTIC ARM that has several degrees of freedom. The functions were specifically tailored for the orbital debris handling. These advances are discussed here. Also a small fraction of the resources were allocated towards research in flame augmentation in SCRAMJETS for the NASP. Here, the fundamental advance was the attainment of Mach numbers up to 0.6 in the flame zone and a vastly improved injection system; the current work is expected to achieve supersonic combustion in the laboratory and an advanced monitoring system.

7 CFR 25.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post-Designation Requirements § 25.400 Reporting. (a) Periodic reports. Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion... other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion...

7 CFR 25.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post-Designation Requirements § 25.400 Reporting. (a) Periodic reports. Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion... other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion...

7 CFR 25.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post-Designation Requirements § 25.400 Reporting. (a) Periodic reports. Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion... other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion...

76 FR 61251 - Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; New Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

.... APHIS-2011-0093] Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; New Mexico AGENCY...: We are amending the bovine tuberculosis regulations regarding State and zone classifications by...

7 CFR 25.400 - Reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Post-Designation Requirements § 25.400 Reporting. (a) Periodic reports. Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion... other information relating to designated Empowerment Zones, Enterprise Communities and Champion...

24 CFR 598.4 - Period of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.4 Period of designation. The designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone will remain...

24 CFR 598.4 - Period of designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.4 Period of designation. The designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone will remain in...

Safety of stationary grinding machines - impact resistance of work zone enclosures.

PubMed

Mewes, Detlef; Adler, Christian

2017-09-01

Guards on machine tools are intended to protect persons from being injured by parts ejected with high kinetic energy from the work zone of the machine. Stationary grinding machines are a typical example. Generally such machines are provided with abrasive product guards closely enveloping the grinding wheel. However, many machining tasks do not allow the use of abrasive product guards. In such cases, the work zone enclosure has to be dimensioned so that, in case of failure, grinding wheel fragments remain inside the machine's working zone. To obtain data for the dimensioning of work zone enclosures on stationary grinding machines, which must be operated without an abrasive product guard, burst tests were conducted with vitrified grinding wheels. The studies show that, contrary to widely held opinion, narrower grinding wheels can be more critical concerning the impact resistance than wider wheels although their fragment energy is smaller.

Fuzzy Energy Management for a Catenary-Battery-Ultracapacitor based Hybrid Tramway

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jibin, Yang; Jiye, Zhang; Pengyun, Song

2017-05-01

In this paper, an energy management strategy (EMS) based on fuzzy logic control for a catenary-battery-ultracapacitor powered hybrid modern tramway was presented. The fuzzy logic controller for the catenary zone and catenary-less zone was respectively designed by analyzing the structure and working mode of the hybrid system, then an energy management strategy based on double fuzzy logic control was proposed to enhance the fuel economy. The hybrid modern tramway simulation model was developed based on MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the proposed EMS can satisfy the demand of dynamic performance of the tramway and achieve the power distribution reasonably between the each power source.

Archaeology in the Kilauea East Rift Zone: Part 2, A preliminary sample survey, Kapoho, Kamaili and Kilauea geothermal subzones, Puna District, Hawaii island

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sweeney, M.T.K.; Burtchard, G.C.

This report describes a preliminary sample inventory and offers an initial evaluation of settlement and land-use patterns for the Geothermal Resources Subzones (GRS) area, located in Puna District on the island of Hawaii. The report is the second of a two part project dealing with archaeology of the Puna GRS area -- or more generally, the Kilauea East Rift Zone. In the first phase of the project, a long-term land-use model and inventory research design was developed for the GRS area and Puna District generally. That report is available under separate cover as Archaeology in the Kilauea East Rift Zone,more » Part I: Land-Use Model and Research Design. The present report gives results of a limited cultural resource survey built on research design recommendations. It offers a preliminary evaluation of modeled land-use expectations and offers recommendations for continuing research into Puna`s rich cultural heritage. The present survey was conducted under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy, and subcontracted to International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. (IARII) by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. The purpose of the archaeological work is to contribute toward the preparation of an environmental impact statement by identifying cultural materials which could be impacted through completion of the proposed Hawaii Geothermal Project.« less

Global positioning systems (GPS) and microtechnology sensors in team sports: a systematic review.

PubMed

Cummins, Cloe; Orr, Rhonda; O'Connor, Helen; West, Cameron

2013-10-01

Use of Global positioning system (GPS) technology in team sport permits measurement of player position, velocity, and movement patterns. GPS provides scope for better understanding of the specific and positional physiological demands of team sport and can be used to design training programs that adequately prepare athletes for competition with the aim of optimizing on-field performance. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the depth and scope of reported GPS and microtechnology measures used within individual sports in order to present the contemporary and emerging themes of GPS application within team sports. A systematic review of the application of GPS technology in team sports was conducted. We systematically searched electronic databases from earliest record to June 2012. Permutations of key words included GPS; male and female; age 12-50 years; able-bodied; and recreational to elite competitive team sports. The 35 manuscripts meeting the eligibility criteria included 1,276 participants (age 11.2-31.5 years; 95 % males; 53.8 % elite adult athletes). The majority of manuscripts reported on GPS use in various football codes: Australian football league (AFL; n = 8), soccer (n = 7), rugby union (n = 6), and rugby league (n = 6), with limited representation in other team sports: cricket (n = 3), hockey (n = 3), lacrosse (n = 1), and netball (n = 1). Of the included manuscripts, 34 (97 %) detailed work rate patterns such as distance, relative distance, speed, and accelerations, with only five (14.3 %) reporting on impact variables. Activity profiles characterizing positional play and competitive levels were also described. Work rate patterns were typically categorized into six speed zones, ranging from 0 to 36.0 km·h⁻¹, with descriptors ranging from walking to sprinting used to identify the type of activity mainly performed in each zone. With the exception of cricket, no standardized speed zones or definitions were observed within or between sports. Furthermore, speed zone criteria often varied widely within (e.g. zone 3 of AFL ranged from 7 to 16 km·h⁻¹) and between sports (e.g. zone 3 of soccer ranged from 3.0 to <13 km·h⁻¹ code). Activity descriptors for a zone also varied widely between sports (e.g. zone 4 definitions ranged from jog, run, high velocity, to high-intensity run). Most manuscripts focused on the demands of higher intensity efforts (running and sprint) required by players. Body loads and impacts, also summarized into six zones, showed small variations in descriptions, with zone criteria based upon grading systems provided by GPS manufacturers. This systematic review highlights that GPS technology has been used more often across a range of football codes than across other team sports. Work rate pattern activities are most often reported, whilst impact data, which require the use of microtechnology sensors such as accelerometers, are least reported. There is a lack of consistency in the definition of speed zones and activity descriptors, both within and across team sports, thus underscoring the difficulties encountered in meaningful comparisons of the physiological demands both within and between team sports. A consensus on definitions of speed zones and activity descriptors within sports would facilitate direct comparison of the demands within the same sport. Meta-analysis from systematic review would also be supported. Standardization of speed zones between sports may not be feasible due to disparities in work rate pattern activities.

Evaluation of work zone enhancement software programs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) is looking for software tools that can assist in : developing effective plans to manage and communicate work zone activities. QuickZone, CA4PRS, : VISSIM, and Spreadsheet models are the tools that MoD...

Estimated damage from the Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunami: A model comparisons using fragility curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiebe, D. M.; Cox, D. T.; Chen, Y.; Weber, B. A.; Chen, Y.

2012-12-01

Building damage from a hypothetical Cascadia Subduction Zone tsunami was estimated using two methods and applied at the community scale. The first method applies proposed guidelines for a new ASCE 7 standard to calculate the flow depth, flow velocity, and momentum flux from a known runup limit and estimate of the total tsunami energy at the shoreline. This procedure is based on a potential energy budget, uses the energy grade line, and accounts for frictional losses. The second method utilized numerical model results from previous studies to determine maximum flow depth, velocity, and momentum flux throughout the inundation zone. The towns of Seaside and Canon Beach, Oregon, were selected for analysis due to the availability of existing data from previously published works. Fragility curves, based on the hydrodynamic features of the tsunami flow (inundation depth, flow velocity, and momentum flux) and proposed design standards from ASCE 7 were used to estimate the probability of damage to structures located within the inundations zone. The analysis proceeded at the parcel level, using tax-lot data to identify construction type (wood, steel, and reinforced-concrete) and age, which was used as a performance measure when applying the fragility curves and design standards. The overall probability of damage to civil buildings was integrated for comparison between the two methods, and also analyzed spatially for damage patterns, which could be controlled by local bathymetric features. The two methods were compared to assess the sensitivity of the results to the uncertainty in the input hydrodynamic conditions and fragility curves, and the potential advantages of each method discussed. On-going work includes coupling the results of building damage and vulnerability to an economic input output model. This model assesses trade between business sectors located inside and outside the induction zone, and is used to measure the impact to the regional economy. Results highlight critical businesses sectors and infrastructure critical to the economic recovery effort, which could be retrofitted or relocated to survive the event. The results of this study improve community understanding of the tsunami hazard for civil buildings.

Annular beam shaping system for advanced 3D laser brazing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pütsch, Oliver; Stollenwerk, Jochen; Kogel-Hollacher, Markus; Traub, Martin

2012-10-01

As laser brazing benefits from advantages such as smooth joints and small heat-affected zones, it has become established as a joining technology that is widely used in the automotive industry. With the processing of complex-shaped geometries, recent developed brazing heads suffer, however, from the need for continuous reorientation of the optical system and/or limited accessibility due to lateral wire feeding. This motivates the development of a laser brazing head with coaxial wire feeding and enhanced functionality. An optical system is designed that allows to generate an annular intensity distribution in the working zone. The utilization of complex optical components avoids obscuration of the optical path by the wire feeding. The new design overcomes the disadvantages of the state-of-the-art brazing heads with lateral wire feeding and benefits from the independence of direction while processing complex geometries. To increase the robustness of the brazing process, the beam path also includes a seam tracking system, leading to a more challenging design of the whole optical train. This paper mainly discusses the concept and the optical design of the coaxial brazing head, and also presents the results obtained with a prototype and selected application results.

The generalized mean zone plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Tian; Cheng, Shubo; Tao, Shaohua

2018-06-01

In this paper a generalized mean zone plate is proposed, which generates twin foci located at the positions satisfying the expression of the generalized mean, which includes the m-golden mean, precious mean, and so on. The generalized mean zone plate can be designed to generate twin foci with various position ratios. The diffraction properties of the generalized mean zone plates have been investigated with simulations and experiments. The results show that the ratio of the positions of the twin foci for the generalized mean zone plate can be designed with the selected zone plate parameters.

24 CFR 598.1 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General... the second and third rounds of designations of urban Empowerment Zones, authorized under Subchapter U... contains provisions relating to area requirements, the nomination process for urban Empowerment Zones, and...

24 CFR 598.1 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General... the second and third rounds of designations of urban Empowerment Zones, authorized under Subchapter U... contains provisions relating to area requirements, the nomination process for urban Empowerment Zones, and...

Application of the Sketch Match method in Sulina coastal study area within PEGASO project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marin, Eugenia; Nichersu, Iuliana; Mierla, Marian; Trifanov, Cristian; Nichersu, Iulian

2013-04-01

The Sketch Match approach for Sulina pilot case was carried out in the frame of the project "People for Ecosystem Based Governance in Assessing Sustainable Development of Ocean and Coast" - PEGASO, funded by the Seventh Framework Programme. The PEGASO project has been designed to identify common threats and solutions in relation to the long-term sustainable development and environmental protection of coastal zones bordering the Mediterranean and Black Seas in ways relevant to the implementation of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Protocol (ICZM) for the Mediterranean. PEGASO will use the model of the existing ICZM Protocol for the Mediterranean and adjust it to the needs of the Black Sea through innovative actions, one of them being Refine and develop efficient and easy to use tools for making sustainability assessments in the coastal zone tested through a number of relevant pilot sites. Thus, for the Romania case study, the Sketch Match approach was selected, being an interactive public participation planning method, developed by the Dutch Government, and applied for Sulina area in order to stimulate support and involvement from stakeholders regarding Integrated Coastal Zone Management Protocol by consulting and involving these people in the planning process and making use of a coherent package of interactive methods. Participants were representatives of a wide range of stakeholders, varying from local fisherman to representatives of the Local and County council and Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority. They participated in a two-day design session, focused on problems and potentials of the area, with the aim to work out possible solutions for an integrated coastal spatial planning, focusing on the parallel enhance of the various local functions in the spatial design (coastal area protection next to industry, tourism, nature, recreation, and other activities).

Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones - A Case Study: Work Zone Travel Time System. Reducing Congestion with the Use of a Traffic Management Contract Incentive during the Reconstruction of Arizona State Route 68

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-01

This case study is one in a series of documents that examines the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in work zones. This case study presents information gathered through interviews with key personnel on the Arizona State Route (SR) 68 pr...

Mechanical design of multiple zone plates precision alignment apparatus for hard X-ray focusing in twenty-nanometer scale

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shu, Deming; Liu, Jie; Gleber, Sophie C.

An enhanced mechanical design of multiple zone plates precision alignment apparatus for hard x-ray focusing in a twenty-nanometer scale is provided. The precision alignment apparatus includes a zone plate alignment base frame; a plurality of zone plates; and a plurality of zone plate holders, each said zone plate holder for mounting and aligning a respective zone plate for hard x-ray focusing. At least one respective positioning stage drives and positions each respective zone plate holder. Each respective positioning stage is mounted on the zone plate alignment base frame. A respective linkage component connects each respective positioning stage and the respectivemore » zone plate holder. The zone plate alignment base frame, each zone plate holder and each linkage component is formed of a selected material for providing thermal expansion stability and positioning stability for the precision alignment apparatus.« less

Experimental residual stress evaluation of hydraulic expansion transitions in Alloy 690 steam generator tubing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGregor, R.; Doherty, P.; Hornbach, D.

1995-12-31

Nuclear Steam Generator (SG) service reliability and longevity have been seriously affected worldwide by corrosion at the tube-to-tubesheet joint expansion. Current SG designs for new facilities and replacement projects enhance corrosion resistance through the use of advanced tubing materials and improved joint design and fabrication techniques. Here, transition zones of hydraulic expansions have undergone detailed experimental evaluation to define residual stress and cold-work distribution on and below the secondary-side surface. Using X-ray diffraction techniques, with supporting finite element analysis, variations are compared in tubing metallurgical condition, tube/pitch geometry, expansion pressure, and tube-to-hole clearance. Initial measurements to characterize the unexpanded tubemore » reveal compressive stresses associated with a thin work-hardened layer on the outer surface of the tube. The gradient of cold-work was measured as 3% to 0% within .001 inch of the surface. The levels and character of residual stresses following hydraulic expansion are primarily dependent on this work-hardened surface layer and initial stress state that is unique to each tube fabrication process. Tensile stresses following expansion are less than 25% of the local yield stress and are found on the transition in a narrow circumferential band at the immediate tube surface (< .0002 inch/0.005 mm depth). The measurements otherwise indicate a predominance of compressive stresses on and below the secondary-side surface of the transition zone. Excellent resistance to SWSCC initiation is offered by the low levels of tensile stress and cold-work. Propagation of any possible cracking would be deterred by the compressive stress field that surrounds this small volume of tensile material.« less

No-Discharge Zones (NDZs) by State

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Table that lists currently designated no discharge zones (NDZs) for vessel sewage. For each NDZ, information is provided including the designated water body, type of designation, Federal Register notice, and map.

A knowledge-based approach to automated flow-field zoning for computational fluid dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vogel, Alison Andrews

1989-01-01

An automated three-dimensional zonal grid generation capability for computational fluid dynamics is shown through the development of a demonstration computer program capable of automatically zoning the flow field of representative two-dimensional (2-D) aerodynamic configurations. The applicability of a knowledge-based programming approach to the domain of flow-field zoning is examined. Several aspects of flow-field zoning make the application of knowledge-based techniques challenging: the need for perceptual information, the role of individual bias in the design and evaluation of zonings, and the fact that the zoning process is modeled as a constructive, design-type task (for which there are relatively few examples of successful knowledge-based systems in any domain). Engineering solutions to the problems arising from these aspects are developed, and a demonstration system is implemented which can design, generate, and output flow-field zonings for representative 2-D aerodynamic configurations.

75 FR 60586 - Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; Minnesota

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-01

.... APHIS-2010-0097] Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; Minnesota AGENCY: Animal... are amending the bovine tuberculosis regulations regarding State and zone classifications by... . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Alecia Naugle, Coordinator, National Tuberculosis Eradication...

Research notes : nighttime illumination of work zone flaggers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-05-01

As daytime traffic demands increase, nighttime construction and maintenance work is becoming more prevalent. The effective and efficient illumination of flaggers in these work zones is a significant concern . Insufficient light levels, disabling glar...

24 CFR 597.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES... § 597.200(c). (b) Period of designation. The designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or...

24 CFR 597.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES... § 597.200(c). (b) Period of designation. The designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or...

24 CFR 597.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES... § 597.200(c). (b) Period of designation. The designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or...

24 CFR 597.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES... § 597.200(c). (b) Period of designation. The designation of an urban area as an Empowerment Zone or...

24 CFR 598.300 - Procedure for submitting a nomination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE... designation as Empowerment Zones, including submission deadlines and addresses, in a document announcing the... nominations for designation as Empowerment Zones that HUD determines have met the criteria required by this...

24 CFR 598.300 - Procedure for submitting a nomination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE... designation as Empowerment Zones, including submission deadlines and addresses, in a document announcing the... nominations for designation as Empowerment Zones that HUD determines have met the criteria required by this...

Determining the drivers' acceptance of EFTCD in highway work zones.

PubMed

Bai, Yong; Li, Yingfeng

2011-05-01

Traffic safety is a major concern in the temporary one-lane, two-way highway work zones due to the increasing of construction and maintenance operations. To prevent rear-end crashes and to mitigate the severity of these crashes caused by the inattentive driving, the utilization of the Emergency Flasher Traffic Control Device (EFTCD) was under consideration by government agencies, in addition to existing temporary traffic control devices installed in the one-lane, two-way highway work zones. The EFTCD was a newly proposed traffic warning device implemented through the use of vehicles' hazard warning flashers. The primary objective of the research project was to investigate the drivers' acceptance of the proposed EFTCD by measuring the mean speed changes of vehicles with and without EFTCD and by evaluating the drivers' opinions of the EFTCD using the survey method. Field experimental results revealed that the EFTCD effectively reduced the mean vehicle speeds in the upstream of two work zones. A slow speed is more likely to reduce the severity of a crash in work zones. In addition, survey results indicated that 60% of the drivers thought the EFTCD signified a need for speed reduction and 82% of drivers recommended the implementation of the EFTCD in one-lane, two-way work zones. These results provide the necessary scientific justifications for the government agencies to decide if the EFTCD should be implemented in the one-lane, two-way highway work zones to prevent rear-end crashes and to mitigate the severity of these crashes. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MUZO flight experience with the programmable multizone furnace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lockowandt, Christian; Loth, Kenneth

1993-01-01

The Multi-Zone (MUZO) furnace has been developed for growing germanium (Ge) crystals under microgravity in a Get Away Special (GAS) payload. The MUZO furnace was launched with STS-47 Endeavour in September 1992. The payload worked as planned during the flight and a Ge sample was successfully processed. The experiment has given valuable scientific information. The design and functionality of the payload together with flight experience is reported.

7 CFR 25.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... zones, enterprise communities and champion communities—(1) Round I. The Secretary may designate up to.... (2) Round II. The Secretary may, prior to January 1, 1999, designate up to five rural empowerment zones in addition to those designated in Round I. (3) Round IIS. The Secretary may designate up to 20...

7 CFR 25.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... zones, enterprise communities and champion communities—(1) Round I. The Secretary may designate up to.... (2) Round II. The Secretary may, prior to January 1, 1999, designate up to five rural empowerment zones in addition to those designated in Round I. (3) Round IIS. The Secretary may designate up to 20...

7 CFR 25.4 - Secretarial review and designation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... zones, enterprise communities and champion communities—(1) Round I. The Secretary may designate up to.... (2) Round II. The Secretary may, prior to January 1, 1999, designate up to five rural empowerment zones in addition to those designated in Round I. (3) Round IIS. The Secretary may designate up to 20...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Woohyun; Katipamula, Srinivas; Lutes, Robert G.

This report describes how the intelligent load control (ILC) algorithm can be implemented to achieve peak demand reduction while minimizing impacts on occupant comfort. The algorithm was designed to minimize the additional sensors and minimum configuration requirements to enable a scalable and cost-effective implementation for both large and small-/medium-sized commercial buildings. The ILC algorithm uses an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to dynamically prioritize the available curtailable loads based on both quantitative (deviation of zone conditions from set point) and qualitative rules (types of zone). Although the ILC algorithm described in this report was highly tailored to work with rooftop units,more » it can be generalized for application to other building loads such as variable-air-volume (VAV) boxes and lighting systems.« less

15 CFR 923.47 - Designated State agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... MANAGEMENT COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REGULATIONS Authorities and Organization § 923.47 Designated State... coordinate other State or local programs, plans and/or policies within the coastal zone; (ii) To what extent... management or regulatory authorities affecting the coastal zone presently are administered by the agency; and...

15 CFR 923.47 - Designated State agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MANAGEMENT COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REGULATIONS Authorities and Organization § 923.47 Designated State... coordinate other State or local programs, plans and/or policies within the coastal zone; (ii) To what extent... management or regulatory authorities affecting the coastal zone presently are administered by the agency; and...

Phase 2 development of Great Lakes algorithms for Nimbus-7 coastal zone color scanner

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tanis, Fred J.

1984-01-01

A series of experiments have been conducted in the Great Lakes designed to evaluate the application of the NIMBUS-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). Atmospheric and water optical models were used to relate surface and subsurface measurements to satellite measured radiances. Absorption and scattering measurements were reduced to obtain a preliminary optical model for the Great Lakes. Algorithms were developed for geometric correction, correction for Rayleigh and aerosol path radiance, and prediction of chlorophyll-a pigment and suspended mineral concentrations. The atmospheric algorithm developed compared favorably with existing algorithms and was the only algorithm found to adequately predict the radiance variations in the 670 nm band. The atmospheric correction algorithm developed was designed to extract needed algorithm parameters from the CZCS radiance values. The Gordon/NOAA ocean algorithms could not be demonstrated to work for Great Lakes waters. Predicted values of chlorophyll-a concentration compared favorably with expected and measured data for several areas of the Great Lakes.

Control design based on dead-zone and leakage adaptive laws for artificial swarm mechanical systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Xiaomin; Chen, Y. H.; Zhao, Han

2017-05-01

We consider the control design of artificial swarm systems with emphasis on four characteristics. First, the agent is made of mechanical components. As a result, the motion of each agent is subject to physical laws that govern mechanical systems. Second, both nonlinearity and uncertainty of the mechanical system are taken into consideration. Third, the ideal agent kinematic performance is treated as a desired d'Alembert constraint. This in turn suggests a creative way of embedding the constraint into the control design. Fourth, two types of adaptive robust control schemes are designed. They both contain leakage and dead-zone. However, one design suggests a trade-off between the amount of leakage and the size of dead-zone, in exchange for a simplified dead-zone structure.

Progressive addition spectacle lenses: Design preferences and head movements while reading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preston, Julie Lynn

In a subjective preference study, two key progressive addition lens parameters, near zone width and corridor length, were varied in a double-masked, randomized, clinical trial of 49 patients. Each subject received a complete eye examination and a new frame. Each wore 6 pairs of lenses for one week at a time and completed questionnaires relating to vision, adaptation, and satisfaction. The preferred lens was identified from the three near zone width lenses and from the three corridor length lenses. Patient characteristics were analyzed for their effect on design preference. Satisfaction ratings following a brief experience with each design were compared to ratings after one week of wear in order to ascertain the predictability of initial impressions. One lens design appeared twice in the preference trial, providing an assessment of the repeatability of the rating instrument. The lens design with the widest near zone was rated significantly lower than the other near zone width designs for nearly every question relating to vision, adaptation, and satisfaction. This lens was also least preferred of all the designs. Preferences for corridor length were evenly distributed among the three designs. Of patient characteristics, years of progressive addition lens wear and gender significantly affected design preference in this population. Initial impressions were not predictive of satisfaction after a week of wear. The rating instrument was judged to have low repeatability. In the head movement portion of the study, 18 participants from the preference study wore the three near zone width designs while reading three paragraphs of varying print size. From a 20 second recording for each of three different paragraphs with each lens, measures of head rotation and posture were collected. The amplitude of head rotation was significantly affected by print size but not by lens design. The effective zone widths on the lenses scanned by the eyes and the locations of the reading levels were calculated from the head rotation and posture data. Effective zone widths were narrower than the contour plot widths for each condition.

Small Gas Turbine Combustor Primary Zone Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sullivan, R. E.; Young, E. R.; Miles, G. A.; Williams, J. R.

1983-01-01

A development process is described which consists of design, fabrication, and preliminary test evaluations of three approaches to internal aerodynamic primary zone flow patterns: (1) conventional double vortex swirl stabilization; (2) reverse flow swirl stabilization; and (3) large single vortex flow system. Each concept incorporates special design features aimed at extending the performance capability of the small engine combustor. Since inherent geometry of these combustors result in small combustion zone height and high surface area to volume ratio, design features focus on internal aerodynamics, fuel placement, and advanced cooling. The combustors are evaluated on a full scale annular combustor rig. A correlation of the primary zone performance with the overall performance is accomplished using three intrusion type gas sampling probes located at the exit of the primary zone section. Empirical and numerical methods are used for designing and predicting the performance of the three combustor concepts and their subsequent modifications. The calibration of analytical procedures with actual test results permits an updating of the analytical design techniques applicable to small reverse flow annular combustors.

Investigation of spherical loudspeaker arrays for local active control of sound.

PubMed

Peleg, Tomer; Rafaely, Boaz

2011-10-01

Active control of sound can be employed globally to reduce noise levels in an entire enclosure, or locally around a listener's head. Recently, spherical loudspeaker arrays have been studied as multiple-channel sources for local active control of sound, presenting the fundamental theory and several active control configurations. In this paper, important aspects of using a spherical loudspeaker array for local active control of sound are further investigated. First, the feasibility of creating sphere-shaped quiet zones away from the source is studied both theoretically and numerically, showing that these quiet zones are associated with sound amplification and poor system robustness. To mitigate the latter, the design of shell-shaped quiet zones around the source is investigated. A combination of two spherical sources is then studied with the aim of enlarging the quiet zone. The two sources are employed to generate quiet zones that surround a rigid sphere, investigating the application of active control around a listener's head. A significant improvement in performance is demonstrated in this case over a conventional headrest-type system that uses two monopole secondary sources. Finally, several simulations are presented to support the theoretical work and to demonstrate the performance and limitations of the system. © 2011 Acoustical Society of America

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time; and shall... establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level, adsorption cycle time, number... regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and...

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time; and shall... establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level, adsorption cycle time, number... regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and...

75 FR 24571 - Designation of New Grantee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Order No. 1676] Designation of New Grantee Foreign-Trade Zone 243, Victorville, California Resolution and Order Pursuant to its authority under the... recognizes the City of Victorville as the new grantee of Foreign-Trade Zone 243, subject to the FTZ Act and...

75 FR 24571 - Designation of New Grantee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Order No. 1677] Designation of New Grantee Foreign-Trade Zone 185, Culpeper, Virginia Resolution and Order Pursuant to its authority under the... recognizes the County of Culpeper as the new grantee of Foreign-Trade Zone 185, subject to the FTZ Act and...

77 FR 16661 - Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; NM; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

...-0124] Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; NM; Correction AGENCY: Animal and... in the regulatory text of an interim rule that amended the bovine tuberculosis regulations by establishing two separate zones with different tuberculosis risk classifications for the State of New Mexico...

76 FR 61253 - Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; Minnesota

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

.... APHIS-2011-0100] Tuberculosis in Cattle and Bison; State and Zone Designations; Minnesota AGENCY: Animal... are amending the bovine tuberculosis regulations regarding State and zone classifications by... for tuberculosis. DATES: This interim rule is effective October 4, 2011. We will consider all comments...

Pedestrian-oriented zoning is associated with reduced income and poverty disparities in adult active travel to work, United States.

PubMed

Chriqui, Jamie F; Leider, Julien; Thrun, Emily; Nicholson, Lisa M; Slater, Sandy J

2017-02-01

Active travel to work can provide additional minutes of daily physical activity. While the literature points to the relationship between zoning, equity and socioeconomic status, and physical activity, no study has quantitatively explored these connections. This study examined whether zoning may help to moderate any income and poverty inequities in active travel and taking public transit to work. Research was conducted between May 2012 and June 2015. Zoning data were compiled for 3914 jurisdictions covering 45.45% of the U.S. population located in 471 of the most populous U.S. counties and 2 consolidated cities located in 48 states and the District of Columbia. (Sensitivity analyses also captured unincorporated areas which, with the municipalities, collectively covered ~72% of the U.S. ) Zoning codes were obtained and evaluated to assess the pedestrian-orientation of the zoning codes. Public transit use, active travel to work, median household income, and poverty data were obtained for all study jurisdictions from the 2010-2014 American Community Survey estimates. Associations were examined through multivariate regression models, controlling for community sociodemographics, clustered on county, with robust standard errors. We found that certain pedestrian-oriented zoning provisions (e.g., crosswalks, bike-pedestrian connectivity, street connectivity, bike lanes, bike parking, and more zoning provisions) were associated with reduced income and/or poverty disparities in rates of public transit use and active travel to work. Findings from this study can help to inform cross-sectoral collaborations between the public health, planning, and transportation fields regarding zoning for pedestrian-orientation and active travel. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Design of a High Thermal Gradient Bridgman Furnace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

LeCroy, J. E.; Popok, D. P.

1994-01-01

The Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF) is a Bridgman-Stockbarger microgravity processing facility, designed and manifested to first fly aboard the second United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-2) Space Shuttle mission. The AADSF was principally designed to produce high axial thermal gradients, and is particularly suitable for metals solidification experiments, including non-dilute alloys. To accommodate a wider range of experimental conditions, the AADSF is equipped with a reconfigurable gradient zone. The overall design of the AADSF and the relationship between gradient zone design and furnace performance are described. Parametric thermal analysis was performed and used to select gradient zone design features that fulfill the high thermal gradient requirements of the USMP-2 experiment. The thermal model and analytical procedure, and parametric results leading to the first flight gradient zone configuration, are presented. Performance for the USMP-2 flight experiment is also predicted, and analysis results are compared to test data.

Delineation systems for temporary traffic barriers in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-01-01

Providing for the safety of traffic traversing construction and maintenance work zones is becoming increasingly complex, and over the past several years, temporary concrete barriers have come into use as a means of protecting work crews as well as mo...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

Assessment of Energy Savings Potential from the Use of Demand Control Ventilation Systems in General Office Spaces in California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hong, Tianzhen; Fisk, William J.

2009-07-08

Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) was evaluated for general office spaces in California. A medium size office building meeting the prescriptive requirements of the 2008 California building energy efficiency standards (CEC 2008) was assumed in the building energy simulations performed with the EnergyPlus program to calculate the DCV energy savings potential in five typical California climates. Three design occupancy densities and two minimum ventilation rates were used as model inputs to cover a broader range of design variations. The assumed values of minimum ventilation rates in offices without DCV, based on two different measurement methods, were 81 and 28 cfm per occupant. These rates are based on the co-author's unpublished analyses of data from EPA's survey of 100 U.S. office buildings. These minimum ventilation rates exceed the 15 to 20 cfm per person required in most ventilation standards for offices. The cost effectiveness of applying DCV in general office spaces was estimated via a life cycle cost analyses that considered system costs and energy cost reductions. The results of the energy modeling indicate that the energy savings potential of DCV is largest in the desert area of California (climate zone 14), followed by Mountains (climate zone 16), Central Valley (climate zone 12), North Coast (climate zone 3), and South Coast (climate zone 6). The results of the life cycle cost analysis show DCV is cost effective for office spaces if the typical minimum ventilation rates without DCV is 81 cfm per person, except at the low design occupancy of 10 people per 1000 ft{sup 2} in climate zones 3 and 6. At the low design occupancy of 10 people per 1000 ft{sup 2}, the greatest DCV life cycle cost savings is a net present value (NPV) ofmore » $$0.52/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 14, followed by $$0.32/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 16 and $$0.19/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 12. At the medium design occupancy of 15 people per 1000 ft{sup 2}, the DCV savings are higher with a NPV $$0.93/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 14, followed by $$0.55/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 16, $$0.46/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 12, $$0.30/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 3, $$0.16/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 3. At the high design occupancy of 20 people per 1000 ft{sup 2}, the DCV savings are even higher with a NPV $$1.37/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 14, followed by $$0.86/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 16, $$0.84/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 3, $$0.82/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 12, and $0.65/ft{sup 2} in climate zone 6. DCV was not found to be cost effective if the typical minimum ventilation rate without DCV is 28 cfm per occupant, except at high design occupancy of 20 people per 1000 ft{sup 2} in climate zones 14 and 16. Until the large uncertainties about the base case ventilation rates in offices without DCV are reduced, the case for requiring DCV in general office spaces will be a weak case.« less

Preliminary results from the hydrodynamic element of the 1994 entrapment zone study

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burau, J.R.; Stacey, M.; Gartner, J.W.

1995-01-01

This article discusses preliminary results from analyses of USGS hydrodynamic data collected as part of the 1994 Interagency Ecological Program entrapment zone study. The USGS took part in three 30-hour cruises and deployed instruments for measuring currents and salinity from April to June. This article primarily focuses on the analysis of data from five Acoustic Doppler Current ProUers (ADCPs) deployed in Carquinez Strait, Suisun Bay, and the Western Delta. From these analyses a revised conceptual model of the hydrodynamics of the entrapment/null zone has evolved. The ideas discussed in this newsletter article are essentially working hypotheses, which are presented here to stimulate discussion and further analyses. In this article we discuss the currently-held conceptual model of entrapment and present data that are inconsistent with this conceptual model. Finally, we suggest a revised conceptual model that is consistent with all of the hydrodynamic data collected to date and describe how the 1995 study incorporates our revised conceptual model into its design.

Effect of electromagnetic interaction during fusion welding of AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel on the corrosion resistance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García-Rentería, M. A.; López-Morelos, V. H.; González-Sánchez, J.; García-Hernández, R.; Dzib-Pérez, L.; Curiel-López, F. F.

2017-02-01

The effect of electromagnetic interaction of low intensity (EMILI) applied during fusion welding of AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel on the resistance to localised corrosion in natural seawater was investigated. The heat affected zone (HAZ) of samples welded under EMILI showed a higher temperature for pitting initiation and lower dissolution under anodic polarisation in chloride containing solutions than samples welded without EMILI. The EMILI assisted welding process developed in the present work enhanced the resistance to localised corrosion due to a modification on the microstructural evolution in the HAZ and the fusion zone during the thermal cycle involved in fusion welding. The application of EMILI reduced the size of the HAZ, limited coarsening of the ferrite grains and promoted regeneration of austenite in this zone, inducing a homogeneous passive condition of the surface. EMILI can be applied during fusion welding of structural or functional components of diverse size manufactured with duplex stainless steel designed to withstand aggressive environments such as natural seawater or marine atmospheres.

Crash characteristics at work zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-05-01

Work zones tend to cause hazardous conditions for vehicle drivers and construction workers since they generate conflicts between construction activities and the traffic, and therefore aggravate the existing traffic conditions.

Design and fabrication of the progressive addition lenses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Linling; Qian, Lin; Yu, Jingchi

2011-11-01

The use of progressive addition lenses (PALs) for the correction of presbyopia has increased dramatically in recent years. These lenses are now being used as the preferred alternative to bifocal and trifocal lenses in many parts of the world. Progressive addition lenses are a kind of opthalmic lenses with freeform surface. The surface curvature of the Progressive addition lenses varies gradually from a minimum value in the upper area, to a maximum value in the lower area. Thus a PAL has a surface with three zones which have very small astigmatism: far-view zone, near-view zone, and intermediate zone. The far view zone and near view zone have relatively constant powers and connected by the intermediate zone with power varies progressively. The design and fabrication technologies of progressive addition lenses have fast progresses because of the massive development of the optical simulation software, multi-axis ultraprecision machining technologies and CNC machining technologies. The design principles of progressive addition lenses are discussed in a historic review. Several kinds of design methods are illustrated, and their advantages and disadvantages are also represented. In the current study, it is shown that the optical characteristics of the different progressive addition lenses designs are significantly different from one another. The different fabrication technologies of Progressive addition lenses are also discussed in the paper. Plastic injection molding and precision-machine turning are the common fabrication technologies for exterior PALs and Interior PALs respectively.

An intelligent decision support system for work zone traffic management and planning.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

Periodic resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction work is needed on the aging highway system in the state of Ohio to maintain a desired level of service for the traveling public. However, temporary work zones on highways disrupt t...

Integrated risk management for improving internal traffic control, work-zone safety, and mobility during major construction : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-10-01

Construction work zones are among the most dangerous places to work in any industry in the world. This is because many factors in construction, such as constant change in working environments and driver errors, contribute to a workplace with a higher...

Optimal working zone division for safe track maintenance in The Netherlands.

PubMed

den Hertog, D; van Zante-de Fokkert, J I; Sjamaar, S A; Beusmans, R

2005-09-01

After a sequence of serious accidents, the safety of rail track workers became an urgent and political problem in The Netherlands. It turned out that the rail track workers had one of the most dangerous jobs. The board of the Dutch Railways decided that the Dutch railway infrastructure had to be divided into so-called working zones. Moreover, to carry out maintenance activities, that particular working zone of the railway system had to be taken out of service. An essential problem was how to divide the Dutch railway infrastructure into working zones such that all parties involved are satisfied. Since many parties with conflicting interests were involved, this problem was extremely difficult. In this paper we show the division rules we developed, and which had been implemented in The Netherlands.

Neural network to diagnose lining condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yemelyanov, V. A.; Yemelyanova, N. Y.; Nedelkin, A. A.; Zarudnaya, M. V.

2018-03-01

The paper presents data on the problem of diagnosing the lining condition at the iron and steel works. The authors describe the neural network structure and software that are designed and developed to determine the lining burnout zones. The simulation results of the proposed neural networks are presented. The authors note the low learning and classification errors of the proposed neural networks. To realize the proposed neural network, the specialized software has been developed.

Boussinesq Modeling for Inlets, Harbors & Structures (Bouss-2D)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-27

subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 27...work applications. It may be used from deep to shallow water to simulate the nonlinear wave processes of interest in the open coast, nearshore zone...design, and operation of coastal navigation and flooding projects. It provides key engineering estimates for coastal and hydraulic engineering practice

An intelligent decision support system for work zone traffic management and planning : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

Problem: Periodic resurfacing, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction work is needed on the aging highway system in the state of Ohio to maintain a desired level of service for the traveling public. However, temporary work zones on highways ...

Portable work zone barrier-"mobile barriers" mobile barrier trailer : final report, December 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

This work has focused on the fabrication and implementation of the MBT-1 Beam which is a : truck mounted, moveable, expandable beam that provides positive work zone protection : comparable to a fixed concrete barrier. It is specifically intended to e...

First in...Last Out: History of the U.S. Army Pathfinder (1942-2011)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-21

Extraction Zone FRAGO Fragmentary Order GMRS Ground Marked Release System GZ Glider Zone HE Heavy Drop HLZ Helicopter Landing Zone LOC Lines of...balloon parachutists to design a parachute suitable to be used by winged aviators. Leo Stevens designed and constructed a cone shape model with a body...pilots with parachutes. These parachutes were static-line-activated; much like Leo Stevens 20 design the pilots wore a canvas body harness over their

Planning and design of Berg-en-Dal, a new camp in Kruger National Park

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Riet, W. F.; Cooks, J.

1990-05-01

The premise of this article is that the planning and design of new rest camps in conservation areas should be based on ecological principles in such a way that the plant ecology within the camp be an integral part and extension of the natural ecology of its immediate vicinity. This is desirable so that visitors to the camp will be provided not only with facilities for resting, eating, and sleeping, but also be able to enjoy and study the natural environment in a relaxed atmosphere. The Berg-en-Dal rest camp, which was established in Kruger National Park, was planned in such a way and designed according to the principles outlined by the authors in a companion article. The planning included six zones: a control zone, day visitor zone, overnight visitor zone, staff accommodation zone, recreation zone, and service zone. The point is stressed that plant species selected to be used as additional vegetation to those already growing in the camp were endemic to the nine landscape facets identified in the camp. The design allowed for separation of the various land-use zones in such a way that they would complement each other rather than be a hindrance to each other. The camp has been built according to the plans included in this article and has proved to be a great success. The conclusion is drawn that the planning principles are sound and should be used in the future for the planning and design of rest camps for conservation areas in South Africa.

33 CFR 165.154 - Safety and Security Zones; Captain of the Port Long Island Sound Zone Safety and Security Zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...; Captain of the Port Long Island Sound Zone Safety and Security Zones. 165.154 Section 165.154 Navigation... Long Island Sound Zone Safety and Security Zones. The following areas are designated safety and... navigable waters of Long Island Sound, from surface to bottom, North and Northeast of a line running from...

77 FR 50929 - Security Zones; 2012 RNC Bridge Security Zones, Captain of the Port St. Petersburg Zone, Tampa, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-23

...-AA87 Security Zones; 2012 RNC Bridge Security Zones, Captain of the Port St. Petersburg Zone, Tampa, FL... temporary security zones around certain bridges on the waters of Pinellas County and Tampa Bay, Florida..., or mooring on waters within 50 yards of the designated bridges during the times that the security...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 63 - Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded (Fbio) in a Biological Treatment Unit

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... designed and operated to approach or achieve uniform biomass distribution and organic compound... required by the rule. Unless otherwise specified, the procedures presented in this appendix are designed to... subdivided into a series of zones that have uniform characteristics within each zone. The number of zones...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 63 - Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded (Fbio) in a Biological Treatment Unit

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... designed and operated to approach or achieve uniform biomass distribution and organic compound... required by the rule. Unless otherwise specified, the procedures presented in this appendix are designed to... subdivided into a series of zones that have uniform characteristics within each zone. The number of zones...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 63 - Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded (Fbio) in a Biological Treatment Unit

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... designed and operated to approach or achieve uniform biomass distribution and organic compound... required by the rule. Unless otherwise specified, the procedures presented in this appendix are designed to... subdivided into a series of zones that have uniform characteristics within each zone. The number of zones...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 63 - Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded (Fbio) in a Biological Treatment Unit

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... designed and operated to approach or achieve uniform biomass distribution and organic compound... required by the rule. Unless otherwise specified, the procedures presented in this appendix are designed to... subdivided into a series of zones that have uniform characteristics within each zone. The number of zones...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 63 - Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded (Fbio) in a Biological Treatment Unit

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... designed and operated to approach or achieve uniform biomass distribution and organic compound... required by the rule. Unless otherwise specified, the procedures presented in this appendix are designed to... subdivided into a series of zones that have uniform characteristics within each zone. The number of zones...

Codes That Support Smart Growth Development

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Provides examples of local zoning codes that support smart growth development, categorized by: unified development code, form-based code, transit-oriented development, design guidelines, street design standards, and zoning overlay.

Design and simulation of high resolution optical imaging system based on near-field using solid immersion lens with NA = 2.2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbasian, Karim; Sadeghi, Rasool; Sadeghi, Parvin

2014-03-01

In this work, by changing annular aperture zones transmittance, we could get a spot size smaller than any reported one by utilizing annular aperture. Where, by dividing the annular aperture to more than three zones and utilizing of Sony corporation Produced SIL that has NA higher than 2, we could improve imaging resolution for radial polarization (RP); also we could decrease the FWHM from around ? to near ?. Here, the FWHM variation, according to the refractive index changing, has decreased to zero for RP. After that, circular polarization (CP) has been introduced to get a spot size less than ?. This image resolution improving can be applied to enhance optical data storage, microscopes and lithographic and other high accurate optical systems.

Addressing work zone traffic safety issues in Arizona.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-03-01

The occurrence of work zone crashes is expected to increase in Arizona with the Arizona Department of Transportations (ADOTs) shifted emphasis from constructing new roadways to preserving existing facilities. Identifying factors that contribute...

Synthesis of work-zone performance measures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The main objective of this synthesis was to identify and summarize how agencies collect, analyze, and report different work-zone : traffic-performance measures, which include exposure, mobility, and safety measures. The researchers also examined comm...

Uncertainty analysis of accident notification time and emergency medical service response time in work zone traffic accidents.

PubMed

Meng, Qiang; Weng, Jinxian

2013-01-01

Taking into account the uncertainty caused by exogenous factors, the accident notification time (ANT) and emergency medical service (EMS) response time were modeled as 2 random variables following the lognormal distribution. Their mean values and standard deviations were respectively formulated as the functions of environmental variables including crash time, road type, weekend, holiday, light condition, weather, and work zone type. Work zone traffic accident data from the Fatality Analysis Report System between 2002 and 2009 were utilized to determine the distributions of the ANT and the EMS arrival time in the United States. A mixed logistic regression model, taking into account the uncertainty associated with the ANT and the EMS response time, was developed to estimate the risk of death. The results showed that the uncertainty of the ANT was primarily influenced by crash time and road type, whereas the uncertainty of EMS response time is greatly affected by road type, weather, and light conditions. In addition, work zone accidents occurring during a holiday and in poor light conditions were found to be statistically associated with a longer mean ANT and longer EMS response time. The results also show that shortening the ANT was a more effective approach in reducing the risk of death than the EMS response time in work zones. To shorten the ANT and the EMS response time, work zone activities are suggested to be undertaken during non-holidays, during the daytime, and in good weather and light conditions.

Optical design of soft multifocal contact lens with uniform optical power in center-distance zone with optimized NURBS.

PubMed

Vu, Lien T; Chen, Chao-Chang A; Yu, Chia-Wei

2018-02-05

This study aims to develop a new optical design method of soft multifocal contact lens (CLs) to obtain uniform optical power in large center-distance zone with optimized Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS). For the anterior surface profiles of CLs, the NURBS design curves are optimized to match given optical power distributions. Then, the NURBS in the center-distance zones are fitted in the corresponding spherical/aspheric curves for both data points and their centers of curvature to achieve the uniform power. Four cases of soft CLs have been manufactured by casting in shell molds by injection molding and then measured to verify the design specifications. Results of power profiles of these CLs are concord with the given clinical requirements of uniform powers in larger center-distance zone. The developed optical design method has been verified for multifocal CLs design and can be further applied for production of soft multifocal CLs.

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and mobility. At a minimum, this shall involve an FHWA review of conformance of the State's policies and...

The optics of occupational progressive lenses.

PubMed

Sheedy, James E; Hardy, Raymond F

2005-08-01

Occupational progressive lenses (OPLs) utilize progressive power optics and are designed primarily to meet near and intermediate viewing needs such as working at a computer workstation for presbyopic patients. OPLs are fabricated to have the prescribed near power in the lower part of the lens and the power in the upper portion of the lens is determined by the amount of power "degression" (decrease in plus power) relative to the near power. Independent measurements of the optical characteristics of these lenses have not been reported previously. Manufacturers of 7 different OPL designs provided sample lenses for a patient with +2.50 D add that were measured with a Rotlex Class Plus lens analyzer (Rotlex Inc., Israel). Power measurements were normalized to the location specified by the manufacturer, and the vertical location of each lens was normalized to pupil center based on manufacturer fitting guidelines. Large optical differences exist among the OPL designs. The results show clear differences between the designs in terms of the add powers, their vertical location, and zone width. The size and location of the near, near-intermediate, far-intermediate, and far viewing zones were determined. The literature and clinical experience support that OPLs are successful at meeting the computer, general office, and other intermediate viewing distance needs of many patients. However, because of the large differences in the several OPL designs, patient success can likely be enhanced by selecting the design that best suits his or her viewing needs.

Thermal Design, Analysis, and Testing of the Quench Module Insert Bread Board

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breeding, Shawn; Khodabandeh, Julia

2002-01-01

Contents include the following: Quench Module Insert (QMI) science requirements. QMI interfaces. QMI design layout. QMI thermal analysis and design methodology. QMI bread board testing and instrumentation approach. QMI thermal probe design parameters. Design features for gradient measurement. Design features for heated zone measurements. Thermal gradient analysis results. Heated zone analysis results. Bread board thermal probe layout. QMI bread board correlation and performance. Summary and conclusions.

Geopathic stress zones: short-term effects on work performance and well-being?

PubMed

Augner, Christoph; Hacker, Gerhard W; Jekel, Ilse

2010-06-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether two different locations in the same room as tested by dowsers ("geopathic stress zone" [GSZ] versus "more neutral zone" [NZ]) would show significant short-term effects on work performance and well-being. It was also tested whether a device reported to "neutralize" GSZ would influence results obtained with the specific setup used in this study. This was a blinded, randomized, short-term laboratory experiment using a within-subject design. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Research Institute for Frontier Questions of Medicine and Biotechnology at Salzburg Federal Hospital. The subjects were 26 persons, aged 20-57. Participants had to accomplish reaction tasks during three different conditions: GSZ, NZ, and GSZ with a device reported to "neutralize" GSZ. These conditions were counterbalanced into six different sequences and randomized to the subjects. At the end of each condition, a standardized well-being questionnaire had to be completed. Dependent variables were reactive stress tolerance (reaction time, timely right answers, right answers, false answers, left out) and well-being (described by six adjectives). No location-dependent effects on performance during reactive stress tolerance test were seen. For well-being, analysis of variance revealed a trend (p = 0.07) and showed significantly poorer well-being during the GSZ condition compared to NZ (p = 0.01). This study shows that well-being can be location dependent and that this might be caused by a so-called GSZ. However, in our short-term experiment, factors of work performance tested remained unaffected.

Super-resolution Microscopical Localization of Dopamine Receptors 1 and 2 in Rat Hippocampal Synaptosomes.

PubMed

Miklosi, Andras G; Del Favero, Giorgia; Bulat, Tanja; Höger, Harald; Shigemoto, Ryuichi; Marko, Doris; Lubec, Gert

2018-06-01

Although dopamine receptors D1 and D2 play key roles in hippocampal function, their synaptic localization within the hippocampus has not been fully elucidated. In order to understand precise functions of pre- or postsynaptic dopamine receptors (DRs), the development of protocols to differentiate pre- and postsynaptic DRs is essential. So far, most studies on determination and quantification of DRs did not discriminate between subsynaptic localization. Therefore, the aim of the study was to generate a robust workflow for the localization of DRs. This work provides the basis for future work on hippocampal DRs, in light that DRs may have different functions at pre- or postsynaptic sites. Synaptosomes from rat hippocampi isolated by a sucrose gradient protocol were prepared for super-resolution direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) using Bassoon as a presynaptic zone and Homer1 as postsynaptic density marker. Direct labeling of primary validated antibodies against dopamine receptors D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) with Alexa Fluor 594 enabled unequivocal assignment of D1R and D2R to both, pre- and postsynaptic sites. D1R immunoreactivity clusters were observed within the presynaptic active zone as well as at perisynaptic sites at the edge of the presynaptic active zone. The results may be useful for the interpretation of previous studies and the design of future work on DRs in the hippocampus. Moreover, the reduction of the complexity of brain tissue by the use of synaptosomal preparations and dSTORM technology may represent a useful tool for synaptic localization of brain proteins.

Low NO sub x heavy fuel combustor concept program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Russell, P.; Beal, G.; Hinton, B.

1981-01-01

A gas turbine technology program to improve and optimize the staged rich lean low NOx combustor concept is described. Subscale combustor tests to develop the design information for optimization of the fuel preparation, rich burn, quick air quench, and lean burn steps of the combustion process were run. The program provides information for the design of high pressure full scale gas turbine combustors capable of providing environmentally clean combustion of minimally of minimally processed and synthetic fuels. It is concluded that liquid fuel atomization and mixing, rich zone stoichiometry, rich zone liner cooling, rich zone residence time, and quench zone stoichiometry are important considerations in the design and scale up of the rich lean combustor.

Work zone performance monitoring application development.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requires state transportation agencies to (a) collect and analyze safety and mobility data to manage the work zone impacts of individual projects during construction and (b) improve overall agency processes a...

Traffic incident management in construction and maintenance work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

In 2004, the Federal Highway Administration published updated rules governing work zone safety and mobility; all highway construction and maintenance projects using federal-aid highway funds are required to develop transportation management plans (TM...

Optimized active traffic management and speed harmonization in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

Traffic and demand management are major strategies to control delay and congestion in : highway bottlenecks including work zones. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) : introduced innovative strategies, called Active Traffic and Demand Managemen...

Improving Night Work Zone Traffic Control

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-08-01

The purpose of this study was to examine traffic control for night work zones from the perspective of both transportation agencies and motorists. This was accomplished by investigating practices of state departments of transportation (DOTs), identify...

Using modeling and simulation tools for work zone analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-05-01

Work Zone Planning and Management have become more challenging because of increasing travel demand and an aging roadway network infrastructure facing more frequent maintenance and major rehabilitation projects, while still needing to transport people...

33 CFR 165.T09-0263 - Safety zone; Red River Safety Zone, Red River, MN.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... across latitude 46°20'00” N, including those portions of the river in Wilkin, Clay, Norman, Polk... designated on-scene representative. (2) This safety zone is closed to all vessel traffic, except as may be... vessel. The Captain of the Port Duluth or his designated on-scene representative may be contacted via VHF...

State Enterprise Zone Programs: Have They Worked?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Alan H.; Fisher, Peter S.

The effectiveness of state enterprise zone programs was examined by using a hypothetical-firm model called the Tax and Incentives Model-Enterprise Zones (TAIM-ez) model to analyze the value of enterprise zone incentives to businesses across the United States and especially in the 13 states that had substantial enterprise zone programs by 1990. The…

Designing and researching of the virtual display system based on the prism elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasilev, V. N.; Grimm, V. A.; Romanova, G. E.; Smirnov, S. A.; Bakholdin, A. V.; Grishina, N. Y.

2014-05-01

Problems of designing of systems for virtual display systems for augmented reality placed near the observers eye (so called head worn displays) with the light guide prismatic elements are considered. Systems of augmented reality is the complex consists of the image generator (most often it's the microdisplay with the illumination system if the display is not self-luminous), the objective which forms the display image practically in infinity and the combiner which organizes the light splitting so that an observer could see the information of the microdisplay and the surrounding environment as the background at the same time. This work deals with the system with the combiner based on the composite structure of the prism elements. In the work three cases of the prism combiner design are considered and also the results of the modeling with the optical design software are presented. In the model the question of the large pupil zone was analyzed and also the discontinuous character (mosaic structure) of the angular field in transmission of the information from the microdisplay to the observer's eye with the prismatic structure are discussed.

Geologic framework, evolution, and sediment resources for restoration of the Louisiana Coastal Zone

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kulp, Mark; Penland, Shea; Williams, S. Jeffress; Jenkins, Chris; Flocks, Jim; Kindinger, Jack

2005-01-01

The Louisiana Coastal Zone along the north-central Gulf of Mexico represents one of America's most important coastal ecosystems in terms of natural resources, human infrastructure, and cultural heritage. This zone also has the highest rates of coastal erosion and wetland loss in the nation because of a complex combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities during the past century. In response to the dramatic land loss, regional-scale restoration plans are being developed through a partnership of federal and state agencies. One objective is to maintain the barrier island and tidal inlet systems, thereby reducing the impact of storm surge and interior wetland loss. Proposed shore line restoration work relies primarily upon the use of large volumes of sand-rich sediment for shoreline stabilization and the implementation of the shoreline projects. Although sand-rich sediment is required for the Louisiana restoration projects, it is of limited availability within the generally clay to silt-rich, shallow strata of the Louisiana Coastal Zone. Locating volumetrically significant quantities of sand-rich sediment presents a challenge and requires detailed field investigations using direct sampling and geophysical sensing methods. Consequently, there is a fundamental need to thoroughly understand and map the distribution and textural character {e.g., sandiness) of sediment resources within the Coastal Zone for the most cost-effective design and completion of restoration projects.

Corridor-based forecasts of work-zone impacts for freeways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-09

This project developed an analysis methodology and associated software implementation for the evaluation of : significant work zone impacts on freeways in North Carolina. The FREEVAL-WZ software tool allows the analyst : to predict the operational im...

Crashworthiness testing of a portable maintenance work-zone barrier.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

Barrier and shadow vehicles generally provide Caltrans maintenance workers protection from errant vehicles entering the work zones, from the upstream direction of traffic flow. This type of protection does not protect workers from vehicles entering t...

Vehicle accidents in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and characteristics of safety problems, in terms of reported accidents, that are associated with moving vehicular traffic around and through highway work zones. This was accomplished by exami...

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) work zone driver model software

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

FHWA and the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Volpe Center are developing a work zone car-following model and simulation software that interfaces with existing microsimulation tools, enabling more accurate simulation of car-following through...

Crash Tests of Work Zone Traffic Control Devices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1990-02-01

Full-scale vehicle crash tests evaluated performance of typical work zone traffic control devices. Modified test procedures and evaluation criteria from NCHRP Report 230 were used in 108 tests, providing significant insight into impact performance. P...

Longitudinal channelizing devices along business entrances in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

This report documents the efforts and results of research to evaluate the effectiveness of alternatives to the : use of channelizing drums for driveway delineation in work zones. The Florida Department of : Transportation (FDOT) had originally sought...

Safety assessment tool for construction zone work phasing plans

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is the compilation of national safety research that provides quantitative methods for : analyzing highway safety. The HSM presents crash modification functions related to freeway work zone characteristics such as : wor...

Work zone positive protection guidelines for Idaho.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-01

The Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 23 Part 630 Subpart K - Temporary Traffic Control (630.1102630.1110) rule states : that positive protection shall be considered where work zone conditions place workers at increased risk from motorized : ...

Evaluation of mobile work zone alarm systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

Maintenance of highways often involves mobile work zones for various types of low speed moving operations such as : striping and sweeping. The speed differential between the moving operation and traffic, and the increasing problem of : distracted dri...

On-off nonlinear active control of floor vibrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Díaz, Iván M.; Reynolds, Paul

2010-08-01

Human-induced floor vibrations can be mitigated by means of active control via an electromagnetic proof-mass actuator. Previous researchers have developed a system for floor vibration comprising linear velocity feedback control (LVFC) with a command limiter (saturation in the command signal to avoid actuator overloading). The performance of this control is highly dependent on the linear gain utilised, which has to be designed for a particular excitation and might not be optimum for other excitations. This work explores the use of on-off nonlinear velocity feedback control (NLVFC) as the natural evolution of LVFC when high gains and/or significant vibration level are present together with saturation in the control law. Firstly, the describing function tool is employed to analyse the stability properties of: (1) LVFC with saturation, (2) on-off NLVFC with a dead zone and (3) on-off NLVFC with a switching-off function. Particular emphasis is paid to the resulting limit cycle behaviour and the design of appropriate dead zone and switching-off levels to avoid it. Secondly, experimental trials using the three control laws are conducted on a laboratory test floor. The results corroborate the analytical stability predictions. The pros of on-off NLVFC are that no gain has to be chosen and maximum actuator energy is delivered to cancel the vibration. In contrast, the requirement to select a dead zone or switching-off function provides a drawback in its application.

7 CFR 25.301 - Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas. 25.301 Section 25.301 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES... rural areas. In choosing among nominated rural areas eligible for designation as Empowerment Zone...

7 CFR 25.301 - Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas. 25.301 Section 25.301 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES... rural areas. In choosing among nominated rural areas eligible for designation as Empowerment Zone...

7 CFR 25.301 - Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas. 25.301 Section 25.301 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES... rural areas. In choosing among nominated rural areas eligible for designation as Empowerment Zone...

A crush zone design for an existing passenger rail cab car

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-11-05

A Crash Energy Management (CEM) cab car crush zone : design has been developed for retrofit onto an existing Budd : M1 cab car. This design is to be used in the upcoming fullscale : train-to-train test of a CEM consist impacting a standing : freight ...

7 CFR 25.301 - Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas. 25.301 Section 25.301 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES... rural areas. In choosing among nominated rural areas eligible for designation as Empowerment Zone...

7 CFR 25.301 - Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Selection factors for designation of nominated rural areas. 25.301 Section 25.301 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES... rural areas. In choosing among nominated rural areas eligible for designation as Empowerment Zone...

23 CFR 630.1108 - Work zone safety management measures and strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... workers and road users, such as: (1) Work zones that provide workers no means of escape from motorized... exposure to motorized traffic and exposure of road users to work activities, while also providing adequate... individual projects, such as: (1) Full road closures; (2) Ramp closures; (3) Median crossovers; (4) Full or...

23 CFR 630.1108 - Work zone safety management measures and strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... workers and road users, such as: (1) Work zones that provide workers no means of escape from motorized... exposure to motorized traffic and exposure of road users to work activities, while also providing adequate... individual projects, such as: (1) Full road closures; (2) Ramp closures; (3) Median crossovers; (4) Full or...

23 CFR 630.1108 - Work zone safety management measures and strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... workers and road users, such as: (1) Work zones that provide workers no means of escape from motorized... exposure to motorized traffic and exposure of road users to work activities, while also providing adequate... individual projects, such as: (1) Full road closures; (2) Ramp closures; (3) Median crossovers; (4) Full or...

23 CFR 630.1108 - Work zone safety management measures and strategies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... workers and road users, such as: (1) Work zones that provide workers no means of escape from motorized... exposure to motorized traffic and exposure of road users to work activities, while also providing adequate... individual projects, such as: (1) Full road closures; (2) Ramp closures; (3) Median crossovers; (4) Full or...

49 CFR 1105.9 - Coastal Zone Management Act requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. 1105.9... ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS § 1105.9 Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. (a) If the proposed action affects land or water uses within a State coastal zone designated pursuant to the Coastal Zone Management Act (16 U.S.C...

49 CFR 1105.9 - Coastal Zone Management Act requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. 1105.9... ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS § 1105.9 Coastal Zone Management Act requirements. (a) If the proposed action affects land or water uses within a State coastal zone designated pursuant to the Coastal Zone Management Act (16 U.S.C...

33 CFR 165.30 - Security zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Security zones. 165.30 Section... AND WATERWAYS SAFETY REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS Security Zones § 165.30 Security zones. (a) A security zone is an area of land, water, or land and water which is so designated by...

24 CFR 598.605 - Implementation plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS Empowerment Zone... requirements that the state and local governments, as Empowerment Zone designees, have agreed to meet as...

Work zone positive protection guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

The goal of this project was to develop implementation guidance that the Texas Department of : Transportation (TxDOT) can use to make better decisions regarding when and where to use positive : protection in work zones and when to consider exposure c...

Evaluation of arrow panel displays for temporary work zones : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-08-01

The Oregon Department of Transportation evaluated the effectiveness of a sequentially flashing diamond arrow panel display as advance caution warning in temporary work zones. This display was evaluated by comparing it with two others; the flash...

Use of intelligent transportation systems in rural work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-01

This project defined an approach to integrating data collected and traveler information displayed in a work zone : with a regional transportation management center and/or other state websites. The project conducted a literature : review to define the...

Improving work-zone delineation on limited access highways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate vehicle guidance through work zones by evaluating the effectiveness of two primary components of traffic control relative to delineation. First, a comparison of the steady-burn lights presently used on top...

Work zone lane closure analysis model.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

At the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), the tool used by traffic engineers to predict whether a queue will form at a freeway work zone is the Excel-based "Lane Rental Model" developed at the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (OkDOT) ...

Studies to determine the effectiveness of longitudinal channelizing devices in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

This report describes the methodology and results of analyses performed to determine whether the following longitudinal : channelizing device (LCD) applications improve the traffic safety and operations of work zones relative to the use of standard :...

Highway work zone capacity estimation using field data from Kansas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

Although extensive research has been conducted on urban freeway capacity estimation methods, minimal research has been : carried out for rural highway sections, especially sections within work zones. This study attempted to fill that void for rural :...

Vehicle accidents at maintenance and utility work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and characteristics of safety problems, in terms of reported accidents, that are associated with moving vehicular traffic around and through highway maintenance and utility work zones. This w...

Computing moving and intermittent queue propagation in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-07-01

Drivers may experience intermittent congestion and moving queue conditions in work zones due to several reasons such as presence of lane closure, roadway geometric changes, higher demand, lower speed, and reduced capacity. The congestion and queue ha...

Assessing public inconvenience in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-06-01

The traveling public is making increasingly frequent contact with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) when entering a work zone. Because ODOT remains very sensitive to the needs of the public, it is important to understand their opinions a...

Analysis of the influence of the interlayer staggered zone in the basalt of Jinsha River Basin on the main buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Qiaona; Huang, Jiangwei

2018-02-01

In this paper, the finite element software FEFLOW is used to simulate the seepage field of the interlayer staggered zone C2 in the basalt of Jinsha River Basin. The influence of the interlayer staggered zone C2 on the building is analyzed. Combined with the waterproof effect of current design scheme of anti-seepage curtain, the seepage field in the interlayer staggered zone C2 is discussed under different design schemes. The optimal design scheme of anti-seepage curtain is put forward. The results showed that the case four can effectively reduce the head and hydraulic gradient of underground powerhouse area, and improve the groundwater seepage field in the plant area.

Ecologically and economically conscious design of the injected pultrusion process via multi-objective optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srinivasagupta, Deepak; Kardos, John L.

2004-05-01

Injected pultrusion (IP) is an environmentally benign continuous process for low-cost manufacture of prismatic polymer composites. IP has been of recent regulatory interest as an option to achieve significant vapour emissions reduction. This work describes the design of the IP process with multiple design objectives. In our previous work (Srinivasagupta D et al 2003 J. Compos. Mater. at press), an algorithm for economic design using a validated three-dimensional physical model of the IP process was developed, subject to controllability considerations. In this work, this algorithm was used in a multi-objective optimization approach to simultaneously meet economic, quality related, and environmental objectives. The retrofit design of a bench-scale set-up was considered, and the concept of exergy loss in the process, as well as in vapour emission, was introduced. The multi-objective approach was able to determine the optimal values of the processing parameters such as heating zone temperatures and resin injection pressure, as well as the equipment specifications (die dimensions, heater, puller and pump ratings) that satisfy the various objectives in a weighted sense, and result in enhanced throughput rates. The economic objective did not coincide with the environmental objective, and a compromise became necessary. It was seen that most of the exergy loss is in the conversion of electric power into process heating. Vapour exergy loss was observed to be negligible for the most part.

Quadrupole mass filter: design and performance for operation in stability zone 3.

PubMed

Syed, Sarfaraz U A H; Hogan, Thomas J; Antony Joseph, Mariya J; Maher, Simon; Taylor, Stephen

2013-10-01

The predicted performance of a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) operating in Mathieu stability zone 3 is described in detail using computer simulations. The investigation considers the factors that limit the ultimate maximum resolution (Rmax) and percentage transmission (%Tx), which can be obtained for a given QMF for a particular scan line of operation. The performance curve (i.e., the resolution (R) versus number (N) of radio frequency (rf) cycles experienced by the ions in the mass filter) has been modeled for the upper and lower tip of stability zone 3. The saturation behavior of the performance curve observed in practice for zone 3 is explained. Furthermore, new design equations are presented by examining the intersection of the scan line with stability zone 3. Resolution versus transmission characteristics of stability zones 1 and 3 are compared and the dependence of performance for zones 1 and 3 is related to particular instrument operating parameters.

Creating Indices Representing the Atmospheric Conditions throughout Japan by Using Frontal Zone Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, N.

2015-12-01

The climate of Japan exhibits mid-latitude and east coast condition characteristics within the continent, which leads to the large meridional range of the frontal migration and the resultant large annual seasonal change. Therefore, describing the long-term behavior of frontal zones is important for understanding the seasonal, interannual, and long-term variations of the Japanese climate. The purpose of this work is to create indices representing the atmospheric conditions throughout Japan by using frontal zone data created by an objective method at pentad intervals for the period 1948-2013. The indexation was conducted by principal component analyses on the distribution maps of the frontal frequencies near frontal zones, which are defined as the latitude indicating the maximum of the frontal frequencies along each longitude in the climatological mean field. This work focuses on the first four factors, PC1-4, which indicate high contribution rates. The distribution maps of factor loadings were interpreted in the following manner as variations of the frontal zone: PC1, north-south variations in the locations of the frontal zone; PC2, frontal frequencies around the frontal zone; PC3, the running direction of the frontal zone, whether northwest-southeast or southwest-northeast; and PC4, west-east variations of the frontal frequencies. These factors could be regarded as the indices representing the atmospheric conditions throughout Japan. The result of correlation analysis among the indices in this work and those representing global climatic phenomena such as Niño3 sea surface temperature (SST), in addition to Pacific decadal and Arctic oscillations, indicated the comprehensive relationships revealed in previous research. Furthermore, several long-term trend characteristics were exhibited, such as the southward shift of frontal zones in mid- and late spring and the increase of frontal frequencies around frontal zones in mid- and late summer. Thus, the simple indices created in this work verify the effectiveness in the investigation of climate change with regard to the seasonal march.

The development of a rail passenger coach car crush-zone

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-04-22

This paper presents information on the design of a rail : vehicle crush zone for better occupant protection. The overall : design requirements and characteristics are described and the : configuration for the various structural subsystems is presente...

Vessel Sewage Discharges: No-Discharge Zones (NDZs)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

States may petition the EPA to establish areas, called no discharge zones (NDZs), where vessel sewage discharges are prohibited. This page describes how NDZs are designated, the types of designations, who enforces them, and how to comply.

Integration, Authenticity, and Relevancy in College Science through Engineering Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Ken L., Jr.; Hoffman, Adam R.

2018-01-01

Engineering design is an ideal perspective for engaging students in college science classes. An engineering design problem-solving framework was used to create a general chemistry lab activity focused on an important environmental issue--dead zones. Dead zones impact over 400 locations around the world and are a result of nutrient pollution, one…

Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page provides an overview Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System water quality modeling and decision support system designed for environmental impact assessment of mixing zones resulting from wastewater discharge from point sources

33 CFR 165.104 - Safety Zone: Vessel Launches, Bath Iron Works, Kennebec River, Bath, Maine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY REGULATED NAVIGATION... Bath Iron Works dry dock while it is being moved to and from its moored position at the Bath Iron Works... into or movement within this zone is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port, Portland...

Demonstration of innovative techniques for work zone safety data analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-07-15

Based upon the results of the simulator data analysis, additional future research can be : identified to validate the driving simulator in terms of similarities with Ohio work zones. For : instance, the speeds observed in the simulator were greater f...

23 CFR 630.1002 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1002 Purpose. Work zones directly impact the safety and mobility of road users and highway workers. These safety and mobility impacts are exacerbated by an aging...

23 CFR 630.1002 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1002 Purpose. Work zones directly impact the safety and mobility of road users and highway workers. These safety and mobility impacts are exacerbated by an aging...

23 CFR 630.1002 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1002 Purpose. Work zones directly impact the safety and mobility of road users and highway workers. These safety and mobility impacts are exacerbated by an aging...

Minimizing traffic-related work zone crashes in Illinois.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

This report presents the findings of a research project to study and develop recommendations to minimize work : zone crashes in Illinois. The objectives of this project were (1) to provide in-depth comprehensive review of the : latest literature on t...

Analysis of existing work-zone devices with MASH safety performance criteria.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-02-01

Crashworthy, work-zone, portable sign support systems accepted under NCHRP Report No. 350 were analyzed to : predict their safety peformance according to the TL-3 MASH evaluation criteria. An analysis was conducted to determine : which hardware param...

Portable traffic management system smart work zone application : operational test evaluation report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-05-01

As part of its statewide Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) sponsored an operational test of the Portable Traffic Management System (PTMS) in a work zone application in cooperation with its pr...

0-6781 : improved nighttime work zone channelization in confined urban projects.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

Turning into and out of driveways in confined or : dense urban work zones can present significant : challenges to drivers, especially during nighttime : conditions when other visual cues about the : driveways may be masked in the dark. These : challe...

Investigation of alternative work zone merging sign configurations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

This study investigated the effect of an alternative merge sign configuration within a freeway work zone. In this alternative : configuration, the graphical lane closed sign from the MUTCD was compared with a MERGE/arrow sign on one side and a : RIGH...

Evaluation of a mobile work zone barrier system : appendices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

A high percentage of highway maintenance activities and some construction activities are performed in a travel lane, median, or shoulder while the public travels by at relatively high speeds in very close proximity to the workers. Work zone traffic c...

Calibration of work zone impact analysis software for Missouri.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

This project calibrated two software programs used for estimating the traffic impacts of work zones. The WZ Spreadsheet : and VISSIM programs were recommended in a previous study by the authors. The two programs were calibrated using : field data fro...

Simplified web-based decision support method for traffic management and work zone analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

Traffic congestion mitigation is one of the key challenges that transportation planners and operations engineers face when planning for construction and maintenance activities. There is a wide variety of approaches and methods that address work zone ...

Improved business driveway delineation in urban work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

This report documents the efforts and results of a two-year research project aimed at improving driveway : delineation in work zones. The first year of the project included a closed-course study to identify the most : promising driveway delineation a...

Evaluation of modified work zone traffic control devices at business accesses

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

Modified work zone traffic control devices at business accesses were evaluated on two Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) projects in 1999 and 2000. On one section project, blue Temporary Business Access" signs were used at business accesses d...

Examination of factors associated in motorcycle crashes in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

This paper analyzes the factors associated with motorcycle crashes in work zones. This analysis was completed : through the collection and inspection of three types of data: 1) practices used throughout the country on this topic, : 2) crash reports a...

Evaluation of a mobile work zone barrier system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

A high percentage of highway maintenance activities and some construction activities are performed in a travel lane, median, or shoulder while the public travels by at relatively high speeds in very close proximity to the workers. Work zone traffic c...

Frequency of work zone accidents on construction projects : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-08-01

The overall objective of this research was to study work zone accidents in New York State, with particular attention to the : occurrence and mitigation of rear-end vehicle accidents. The specific objectives were to: : - Recommend changes to the NYSDO...

Work-zone traffic performance measures : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 2004 Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule applies to all state and local government agencies that receive federal-aid highway funding after October 12, 2007. This rule was an update to the former regulation (23...

A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints

PubMed Central

Avgoulas, Evangelos I.; Sutcliffe, Michael P. F.

2016-01-01

There are a great variety of joint types used in nature which can inspire engineering joints. In order to design such biomimetic joints, it is at first important to understand how biological joints work. A comprehensive literature review, considering natural joints from a mechanical point of view, was undertaken. This was used to develop a taxonomy based on the different methods/functions that nature successfully uses to attach dissimilar tissues. One of the key methods that nature uses to join dissimilar materials is a transitional zone of stiffness at the insertion site. This method was used to propose bio-inspired solutions with a transitional zone of stiffness at the joint site for several glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) to steel adhesively bonded joint configurations. The transition zone was used to reduce the material stiffness mismatch of the joint parts. A numerical finite element model was used to identify the optimum variation in material stiffness that minimises potential failure of the joint. The best bio-inspired joints showed a 118% increase of joint strength compared to the standard joints. PMID:28773688

Formulation design for target delivery of iron nanoparticles to TCE zones.

PubMed

Wang, Ziheng; Acosta, Edgar

2013-12-01

Nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (NZVI) are effective reducing agents for some dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants such as trichloroethylene (TCE). However, target delivery of iron nanoparticles to DNAPL zones in the aquifer remains an elusive feature for NZVI technologies. This work discusses three strategies to deliver iron nanoparticles to DNAPL zones. To this end, iron oxide nanoparticles coated with oleate (OL) ions were used as stable analogs for NZVI. The OL-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are rendered lipophilic via (a) the addition of CaCl2, (b) acidification, or (c) the addition of a cationic surfactant, benzethonium chloride (BC). Mixtures of OL and BC show promise as a target delivery strategy due to the high stability of the nanoparticles in water, and their preferential partition into TCE in batch experiments. Column tests show that while the OL-BC coated iron oxide nanoparticles remain largely mobile in TCE-free columns, a large fraction of these particles are retained in TCE-contaminated columns, confirming the effectiveness of this target delivery strategy. © 2013.

A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints.

PubMed

Avgoulas, Evangelos I; Sutcliffe, Michael P F

2016-07-12

There are a great variety of joint types used in nature which can inspire engineering joints. In order to design such biomimetic joints, it is at first important to understand how biological joints work. A comprehensive literature review, considering natural joints from a mechanical point of view, was undertaken. This was used to develop a taxonomy based on the different methods/functions that nature successfully uses to attach dissimilar tissues. One of the key methods that nature uses to join dissimilar materials is a transitional zone of stiffness at the insertion site. This method was used to propose bio-inspired solutions with a transitional zone of stiffness at the joint site for several glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) to steel adhesively bonded joint configurations. The transition zone was used to reduce the material stiffness mismatch of the joint parts. A numerical finite element model was used to identify the optimum variation in material stiffness that minimises potential failure of the joint. The best bio-inspired joints showed a 118% increase of joint strength compared to the standard joints.

Analytical study of a microfludic DNA amplification chip using water cooling effect.

PubMed

Chen, Jyh Jian; Shen, Chia Ming; Ko, Yu Wei

2013-04-01

A novel continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip has been analyzed in our work. Two temperature zones are controlled by two external controllers and the other temperature zone at the chip center is controlled by the flow rate of the fluid inside a channel under the glass chip. By employing a water cooling channel at the chip center, the sequence of denaturation, annealing, and extension can be created due to the forced convection effect. The required annealing temperature of PCR less than 313 K can also be demonstrated in this chip. The Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cooling channel with the thin aluminum cover is utilized to enhance the temperature uniformity. The size of this chip is 76 mm × 26 mm × 3 mm. This device represents the first demonstration of water cooling thermocycling within continuous-flow PCR microfluidics. The commercial software CFD-ACE+(TM) is utilized to determine the distances between the heating assemblies within the chip. We investigate the influences of various chip materials, operational parameters of the cooling channel and geometric parameters of the chip on the temperature uniformity on the chip surface. Concerning the temperature uniformity of the working zones and the lowest temperature at the annealing zone, the air gap spacing of 1 mm and the cooling channel thicknesses of 1 mm of the PMMA channel with an aluminum cover are recommended in our design. The hydrophobic surface of the PDMS channel was modified by filling it with 20 % Tween 20 solution and then adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution to the PCR mixture. DNA fragments with different lengths (372 bp and 478 bp) are successfully amplified with the device.

Tough and tunable adhesion of hydrogels: experiments and models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Teng; Yuk, Hyunwoo; Lin, Shaoting; Parada, German A.; Zhao, Xuanhe

2017-06-01

As polymer networks infiltrated with water, hydrogels are major constituents of animal and plant bodies and have diverse engineering applications. While natural hydrogels can robustly adhere to other biological materials, such as bonding of tendons and cartilage on bones and adhesive plaques of mussels, it is challenging to achieve such tough adhesions between synthetic hydrogels and engineering materials. Recent experiments show that chemically anchoring long-chain polymer networks of tough synthetic hydrogels on solid surfaces create adhesions tougher than their natural counterparts, but the underlying mechanism has not been well understood. It is also challenging to tune systematically the adhesion of hydrogels on solids. Here, we provide a quantitative understanding of the mechanism for tough adhesions of hydrogels on solid materials via a combination of experiments, theory, and numerical simulations. Using a coupled cohesive-zone and Mullins-effect model validated by experiments, we reveal the interplays of intrinsic work of adhesion, interfacial strength, and energy dissipation in bulk hydrogels in order to achieve tough adhesions. We further show that hydrogel adhesion can be systematically tuned by tailoring the hydrogel geometry and silanization time of solid substrates, corresponding to the control of energy dissipation zone and intrinsic work of adhesion, respectively. The current work further provides a theoretical foundation for rational design of future biocompatible and underwater adhesives.

Unsteady Aerodynamic Response of a Linear Cascade of Airfoils in Separated Flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Capece, Vincent R.; Ford, Christopher; Bone, Christopher; Li, Rui

2004-01-01

The overall objective of this research program was to investigate methods to modify the leading edge separation region, which could lead to an improvement in aeroelastic stability of advanced airfoil designs. The airfoil section used is representative of current low aspect ratio fan blade tip sections. The experimental potion of this study investigated separated zone boundary layer from removal through suction slots. Suction applied to a cavity in the vicinity of the separation onset point was found to be the most effective location. The computational study looked into the influence of front camber on flutter stability. To assess the influence of the change in airfoil shape on stability the work-per-cycle was evaluated for torsion mode oscillations. It was shown that the front camberline shape can be an important factor for stabilizing the predicted work-per-cycle and reducing the predicted extent of the separation zone. In addition, data analysis procedures are discussed for reducing data acquired in experiments that involve periodic unsteady data. This work was conducted in support of experiments being conducted in the NASA Glenn Research Center Transonic Flutter Cascade. The spectral block averaging method is presented. This method is shown to be able to account for variations in airfoil oscillation frequency that can occur in experiments that force oscillate the airfoils to simulate flutter.

A Method for Response Time Measurement of Electrosensitive Protective Devices.

PubMed

Dźwiarek, Marek

1996-01-01

A great step toward the improvement of safety at work was made when electrosensitive protective devices (ESPDs) were applied to the protection of press and robot-assisted manufacturing system operators. The way the device is mounted is crucial. The parameters of ESPD mounting that ensure safe distance from the controlled dangerous zone are response time, sensitivity, and the dimensions of the detection zone. The proposed experimental procedure of response time measurement is realized in two steps, with a test piece penetrating the detection zone twice. In the first step, low-speed penetration (at a speed v m ) enables the detection zone border to be localized. In the second step of measurement, the probe is injected at a high speed V d . The actuator rod position is measured and when it is equal to the value L registered by the earlier measurements, counting time begins as well as the monitoring of the state of the equipment under test (EUT) output relays. After the state changes, time tp is registered. The experimental procedure is realized on a special experimental stand. Because the stand has been constructed for certification purposes, the design satisfies the requirements imposed by Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny (PKN, 1995). The experimental results prove the measurement error to be smaller than ± 0.6 ms.

Safety evaluation of joint and conventional lane merge configurations for freeway work zones.

PubMed

Ishak, Sherif; Qi, Yan; Rayaprolu, Pradeep

2012-01-01

Inefficient operation of traffic in work zone areas not only leads to an increase in travel time delays, queue length, and fuel consumption but also increases the number of forced merges and roadway accidents. This study evaluated the safety performance of work zones with a conventional lane merge (CLM) configuration in Louisiana. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the crash rates for accidents involving fatalities, injuries, and property damage only (PDO) in each of the following 4 areas: (1) advance warning area, (2) transition area, (3) work area, and (4) termination area. The analysis showed that the advance warning area had higher fatality, injury, and PDO crash rates when compared to the transition area, work area, and termination area. This finding confirmed the need to make improvements in the advance warning area where merging maneuvers take place. Therefore, a new lane merge configuration, called joint lane merge (JLM), was proposed and its safety performance was examined and compared to the conventional lane merge configuration using a microscopic simulation model (VISSIM), which was calibrated with real-world data from an existing work zone on I-55 and used to simulate a total of 25 different scenarios with different levels of demand and traffic composition. Safety performance was evaluated using 2 surrogate measures: uncomfortable decelerations and speed variance. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether the differences in safety performance between both configurations were significant. The safety analysis indicated that JLM outperformed CLM in most cases with low to moderate flow rates and that the percentage of trucks did not have a significant impact on the safety performance of either configuration. Though the safety analysis did not clearly indicate which lane merge configuration is safer for the overall work zone area, it was able to identify the possibly associated safety changes within the work zone area under different traffic conditions. Copyright © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Does zoning winter recreationists reduce recreation conflict?

Treesearch

Aubrey Miller; Jerry J. Vaske; John R. Squires; Lucretia E. Olson

2016-01-01

Parks and protected area managers use zoning to decrease interpersonal conflict between recreationists. Zoning, or segregation, of recreation - often by nonmotorized and motorized activity - is designed to limit physical interaction while providing recreation opportunities to both groups. This article investigated the effectiveness of zoning to reduce recreation...

Does zoning winter recreationists reduce recreation conflict?

Treesearch

Aubrey D. Miller; Jerry J. Vaske; John R. Squires; Lucretia E. Olson; Elizabeth K. Roberts

2017-01-01

Parks and protected area managers use zoning to decrease interpersonal conflict between recreationists. Zoning, or segregation, of recreation - often by nonmotorized and motorized activity - is designed to limit physical interaction while providing recreation opportunities to both groups. This article investigated the effectiveness of zoning to reduce recreation...

23 CFR 650.211 - Guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Protection Agency guidance document for the design of projects within coastal zone management areas. 3 This... requirements of section 6217(g) of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508... located in the coastal zone management areas of States with coastal zone management programs approved by...

23 CFR 650.211 - Guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Protection Agency guidance document for the design of projects within coastal zone management areas. 3 This... requirements of section 6217(g) of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508... located in the coastal zone management areas of States with coastal zone management programs approved by...

23 CFR 650.211 - Guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Protection Agency guidance document for the design of projects within coastal zone management areas. 3 This... requirements of section 6217(g) of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508... located in the coastal zone management areas of States with coastal zone management programs approved by...

23 CFR 650.211 - Guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Protection Agency guidance document for the design of projects within coastal zone management areas. 3 This... requirements of section 6217(g) of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508... located in the coastal zone management areas of States with coastal zone management programs approved by...

23 CFR 650.211 - Guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Protection Agency guidance document for the design of projects within coastal zone management areas. 3 This... requirements of section 6217(g) of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508... located in the coastal zone management areas of States with coastal zone management programs approved by...

Effectiveness of changeable message signs in controlling vehicle speeds in work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-01-01

Work zone speeds have customarily been regulated by standard regulatory or advisory speed signs. However, most drivers do not slow down in response to these static speed control measures. The changeable message sign (CMS) with radar unit has dynamic ...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 630.1008 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and... sustain their respective work zone safety and mobility policies. State-level processes and procedures...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 630.1008 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and... sustain their respective work zone safety and mobility policies. State-level processes and procedures...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 630.1008 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and... sustain their respective work zone safety and mobility policies. State-level processes and procedures...

Mash evaluation of TxDOT high-mounting-height temporary work zone sign support system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

The objective of this research was to develop a nonproprietary, lightweight, crashworthy, temporary work-zone single sign support for use with an aluminum sign substrate. The device is intended to meet the evaluation criteria in American Association ...

Guidance on data needs, availability, and opportunities for work zone performance measures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-03-01

Current Federal Regulations (23 CFR 630 Subpart J) encourage States to collect and analyze both safety and mobility data to support the initiation and enhancement of agency-level processes and procedures addressing work zone impacts. The purpose of t...

Using historical crash data as part of traffic work zone safety planning and project management strategies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

This funding enabled the project entitled, USING HISTORICAL CRASH DATA AS PART OF TRAFFIC WORK ZONE SAFETY : PLANNING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES to address the following: : Evaluate current organizational strategies with respect to w...

Developing a smartphone based warning system application to enhance the safety at work zones : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

Collisions in the work zone have always been a contributing factor to compromising safety on urban roadways. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the State Transportation Authorities have implemented many safety countermeasu...

Improving safety in high-speed work zones : a Super 70 study : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

Highway work zones, particularly those on urban high-speed roads, require special attention and adequate traffic management to reduce the adverse impact of altered geometry and traffic that differ from typical conditions. Super 70 was an urban recons...

Evaluation of the late merge work zone traffic control strategy.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

Several alternative lane merge strategies have been proposed in recent years to process vehicles through work zone lane closures more safely and efficiently. Among these is the late merge. With the late merge, drivers are instructed to use all lanes ...

Utilization of remote traffic monitoring devices for urban freeway work zone assessment.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

The objective of this project was to promote and facilitate analysis and evaluation of the impacts of road construction activities in Smart : Work Zone Deployment Initiative (SWZDI) states. : The two primary objectives of this project were to assess ...

Evaluation of the work zone safety and mobility rule.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

The Work Zone Safety and Mobile Rule (Rule) was published in the Federal Register in September 2004 indicating that all state and local governments receiving Federal-aid funding were required to comply with provisions of the Rule no later than Octobe...

Feasibility of lane closures using probe data : technical brief.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

This study developed an on-line system analysis tool called the Work Zone Interactive : Management Application - Planning (WIMAP-P), an easy-to-use and easy-to-learn tool for : predicting the traffic impact caused by work zone lane closures on freewa...

A numerical insight into elastomer normally closed micro valve actuation with cohesive interfacial cracking modelling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Dongyang; Ba, Dechun; Hao, Ming; Duan, Qihui; Liu, Kun; Mei, Qi

2018-05-01

Pneumatic NC (normally closed) valves are widely used in high density microfluidics systems. To improve actuation reliability, the actuation pressure needs to be reduced. In this work, we utilize 3D FEM (finite element method) modelling to get an insight into the valve actuation process numerically. Specifically, the progressive debonding process at the elastomer interface is simulated with CZM (cohesive zone model) method. To minimize the actuation pressure, the V-shape design has been investigated and compared with a normal straight design. The geometrical effects of valve shape has been elaborated, in terms of valve actuation pressure. Based on our simulated results, we formulate the main concerns for micro valve design and fabrication, which is significant for minimizing actuation pressures and ensuring reliable operation.

Using an integrative mock-up simulation approach for evidence-based evaluation of operating room design prototypes.

PubMed

Bayramzadeh, Sara; Joseph, Anjali; Allison, David; Shultz, Jonas; Abernathy, James

2018-07-01

This paper describes the process and tools developed as part of a multidisciplinary collaborative simulation-based approach for iterative design and evaluation of operating room (OR) prototypes. Full-scale physical mock-ups of healthcare spaces offer an opportunity to actively communicate with and to engage multidisciplinary stakeholders in the design process. While mock-ups are increasingly being used in healthcare facility design projects, they are rarely evaluated in a manner to support active user feedback and engagement. Researchers and architecture students worked closely with clinicians and architects to develop OR design prototypes and engaged clinical end-users in simulated scenarios. An evaluation toolkit was developed to compare design prototypes. The mock-up evaluation helped the team make key decisions about room size, location of OR table, intra-room zoning, and doors location. Structured simulation based mock-up evaluations conducted in the design process can help stakeholders visualize their future workspace and provide active feedback. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

33 CFR 165.1401 - Apra Harbor, Guam-safety zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... zones. (a) The following is designated as Safety Zone A—The waters of the Pacific Ocean and Apra Outer...′47″ N and 144°39′01.9″ E. Based on World Geodetic System 1984 Datum) (b) The following is designated... the center of Naval Wharf Kilo. (Located at 13°26′43″ N, 144°37′46.7″ E. Based on World Geodetic...

33 CFR 165.1401 - Apra Harbor, Guam-safety zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... zones. (a) The following is designated as Safety Zone A—The waters of the Pacific Ocean and Apra Outer...′47″ N and 144°39′01.9″ E. Based on World Geodetic System 1984 Datum) (b) The following is designated... the center of Naval Wharf Kilo. (Located at 13°26′43″ N, 144°37′46.7″ E. Based on World Geodetic...

33 CFR 165.1401 - Apra Harbor, Guam-safety zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... zones. (a) The following is designated as Safety Zone A—The waters of the Pacific Ocean and Apra Outer...′47″ N and 144°39′01.9″ E. Based on World Geodetic System 1984 Datum) (b) The following is designated... the center of Naval Wharf Kilo. (Located at 13°26′43″ N, 144°37′46.7″ E. Based on World Geodetic...

33 CFR 165.1401 - Apra Harbor, Guam-safety zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... zones. (a) The following is designated as Safety Zone A—The waters of the Pacific Ocean and Apra Outer...′47″ N and 144°39′01.9″ E. Based on World Geodetic System 1984 Datum) (b) The following is designated... the center of Naval Wharf Kilo. (Located at 13°26′43″ N, 144°37′46.7″ E. Based on World Geodetic...

33 CFR 165.1401 - Apra Harbor, Guam-safety zones.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... zones. (a) The following is designated as Safety Zone A—The waters of the Pacific Ocean and Apra Outer...′47″ N and 144°39′01.9″ E. Based on World Geodetic System 1984 Datum) (b) The following is designated... the center of Naval Wharf Kilo. (Located at 13°26′43″ N, 144°37′46.7″ E. Based on World Geodetic...

Proposed positive protection guidance for Kansas : synthesis of work zone positive protection devices and state of practice.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-02-01

The United States experiences over 700 fatalities and over 37,000 injuries each year in temporary : construction and maintenance work zones. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has implemented : Temporary Traffic Control Devices 23 CFR 630 Subp...

Applicability of Zipper Merge Versus Early Merge in Kentucky Work Zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-12-24

In an effort to improve work zone safety and streamline traffic flows, a number of state transportation agencies (STAs) have experimented with the zipper merge. The zipper merge differs from a conventional, or early, merge in that vehicles do not mer...

Minimizing user delay and crash potential through highway work zone planning.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

Lane closures due to highway work zones introduce many challenges to ensuring smooth traffic operations and a : safe environment for drivers and workers. In addition, merging has been found to be one of the most stressful : aspects of driving and a m...

Intelligent Transportation Systems In Work Zones: A Cross-Cutting Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-11-01

Work zones cause congestion, and result in more than 800 fatalities and 37,000 injuries in the U.S. every year. However, as our infrastructure ages, there is an increasing need for the maintenance and rehabilitation of our roadways, which means more ...

Considerations for the Development of Work Zone Mobility Performance Measures and Thresholds for Virginia Freeways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

"The Federal Highway Administration has been encouraging states to improve their monitoring and tracking of the : mobility impacts of work zones. The use of mobility performance measures will enable agencies to assess better the : contribution of wor...

24 CFR 983.155 - Completion of housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... with local requirements (such as code and zoning requirements); and (ii) An architect's certification that the housing complies with: (A) HUD housing quality standards; (B) State, local, or other building codes; (C) Zoning; (D) The rehabilitation work write-up (for rehabilitated housing) or the work...

24 CFR 983.155 - Completion of housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... with local requirements (such as code and zoning requirements); and (ii) An architect's certification that the housing complies with: (A) HUD housing quality standards; (B) State, local, or other building codes; (C) Zoning; (D) The rehabilitation work write-up (for rehabilitated housing) or the work...

24 CFR 983.155 - Completion of housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... with local requirements (such as code and zoning requirements); and (ii) An architect's certification that the housing complies with: (A) HUD housing quality standards; (B) State, local, or other building codes; (C) Zoning; (D) The rehabilitation work write-up (for rehabilitated housing) or the work...

24 CFR 983.155 - Completion of housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... with local requirements (such as code and zoning requirements); and (ii) An architect's certification that the housing complies with: (A) HUD housing quality standards; (B) State, local, or other building codes; (C) Zoning; (D) The rehabilitation work write-up (for rehabilitated housing) or the work...

24 CFR 983.155 - Completion of housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... with local requirements (such as code and zoning requirements); and (ii) An architect's certification that the housing complies with: (A) HUD housing quality standards; (B) State, local, or other building codes; (C) Zoning; (D) The rehabilitation work write-up (for rehabilitated housing) or the work...

Customer satisfaction with the FHWA peer-to-peer program : a qualitative assessment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-07-01

This report is a synthesis of research findings and current practices in controlling and protecting pedestrian traffic in work zones. The information presented here is based on a review of research reports and work zone manuals from a selection of st...

Testing of alternative supporting materials for portable roll-up signs used for maintenance work zones : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

Portable roll-up signs are currently used by the Texas Department of Transportation for identification of short-term maintenance/work zones and emergency operations. These signs have fiberglass frames that directly support diamond-shaped and rectangu...

Investigation of truck mounted attenuator (TMA) crashes in work zones in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

Truck mounted attenuators (TMAs) are deployed on shadow vehicles in work zones to mitigate the effects of errant : vehicles that strike the shadow vehicle, either by smoothly decelerating the vehicle to a stop when hit head-on or by redirecting : the...

33 CFR 165.5 - Establishment procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... safety zone or security zone is made less than 5 working days before the zone is to be established, the request may be made orally, but it must be followed by a written request within 24 hours. (Requests for...

Developing an Agro-Ecological Zoning Model for Tumbleweed (Salsola kali), as Energy Crop in Drylands of Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falasca, Silvia; Pitta-Alvarez, Sandra; Ulberich, Ana

2016-12-01

Salsola kali is considered extremely valuable as an energy crop worldwide because it adapts easily to environments with strong abiotic stresses (hydric, saline and alkaline) and produces large amounts of biomass in drylands. This species is categorized as an important weed in Argentina. The aim of this work was to design an agro-ecological zoning model for tumbleweed in Argentina, employing a Geography Information System. Based on the bioclimatic requirements for the species and the climatic data for Argentina (1981-2010 period), an agro-climatic suitability map was drawn. This map was superimposed on the saline and alkaline soil maps delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization for dry climates, generating the agro-ecological zoning on a scale of 1 : 500 000. This zoning revealed very suitable and suitable cultivation areas on halomorphic soils. The potential growing areas extend from N of the Salta province (approximately 22° S) to the Santa Cruz province (50° S). The use of tumbleweed on halomorphic soils under semi-arid to arid conditions, for the dual purpose of forage use and source of lignocellulosic material for bioenergy, could improve agricultural productivity in these lands. Furthermore, it could also contribute to their environmental sustainability, since the species can be used to reclaim saline soils over the years. Based on international bibliography, the authors outlined an agro-ecological zoning model. This model may be applied to any part of the world, using the agro-ecological limits presented here.

[Knowledge of the "Gräfenberg zone" and female ejaculation in ancient Indian sexual science. A medical history contribution].

PubMed

Syed, R

1999-01-01

Ancient Indian texts in sexology (kamaśastra) from the 11th century onwards prove that their authors knew about the area later termed the "Gräfenberg zone" in Europe, as well as about the female ejaculation connected with the stimulation of this area. The Gräfenberg zone is a sexually arousable zone in the front part of the vagina, stimulation of which can lead to the discharge of liquid from the urethra, a phenomenon which is described as female ejaculation. The german gynaecologist Ernst Gräfenberg, who worked in America, described this zone, situated beneath the clitoris, for the first time (at least in this century) in Western medicine in an article published in 1950. (There are, however, evidences, that the 17th-century anatomist Regnier de Graaf had knowledge about the mentioned erogenous zone as well as female ejaculation.) Since the 1980s the so-called Gräfenberg zone, popularly termed "G-spot", and female ejaculation have been controversially discussed medically as well as in popular science, first in the United States, then in Europe; both phenomena have meanwhile been accepted as facts in medical manuals and reference books (e.g. the "Pschyrembel"). Whereas the oldest and most well-known sexological-erotological work of Ancient India, the Kamasutra, dating probably from the third century A.D., apparently did not know the Gräfenberg zone and female ejaculation, texts such as the Pañcasayaka (11th century), Jayamangala (Yaśodhara's commentary on the Kamasutra from the 13th century), the Ratirahasya (13th century), as well as the late kamaśastra-works Smaradipika and Anangaranga (16th century?) demonstrably describe both, the Gräfenberg zone and female ejaculation, in great detail. The female ejaculation is described already in the 7th century in a non-kamaśastra-text, in a work of the poet Amaru called the Amaruśataka.

Analysis of work zone rear-end crash risk for different vehicle-following patterns.

PubMed

Weng, Jinxian; Meng, Qiang; Yan, Xuedong

2014-11-01

This study evaluates rear-end crash risk associated with work zone operations for four different vehicle-following patterns: car-car, car-truck, truck-car and truck-truck. The deceleration rate to avoid the crash (DRAC) is adopted to measure work zone rear-end crash risk. Results show that the car-truck following pattern has the largest rear-end crash risk, followed by truck-truck, truck-car and car-car patterns. This implies that it is more likely for a car which is following a truck to be involved in a rear-end crash accident. The statistical test results further confirm that rear-end crash risk is statistically different between any two of the four patterns. We therefore develop a rear-end crash risk model for each vehicle-following pattern in order to examine the relationship between rear-end crash risk and its influencing factors, including lane position, the heavy vehicle percentage, lane traffic flow and work intensity which can be characterized by the number of lane reductions, the number of workers and the amount of equipment at the work zone site. The model results show that, for each pattern, there will be a greater rear-end crash risk in the following situations: (i) heavy work intensity; (ii) the lane adjacent to work zone; (iii) a higher proportion of heavy vehicles and (iv) greater traffic flow. However, the effects of these factors on rear-end crash risk are found to vary according to the vehicle-following patterns. Compared with the car-car pattern, lane position has less effect on rear-end crash risk in the car-truck pattern. The effect of work intensity on rear-end crash risk is also reduced in the truck-car pattern. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of flaggers and spotters in directing work zone traffic for Illinois expressways and freeways.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

This research project focused on assessing the effectiveness and essential role of flaggers and spotters in : directing traffic for expressway and freeway work zones in Illinois with a posted speed limit greater than 40 mph. : The objectives of this ...

Proposed positive protection guidance for Kansas : synthesis of work zone positive protection devices and state practice : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-02-01

The United States experiences over 700 fatalities and over 37,000 injuries each year in : temporary construction and maintenance work zones. The Federal Highway Administration : (FHWA) has implemented Temporary Traffic Control Devices 23 CFR 630 Subp...

Impact of lane closures on roadway capacity, phase 2 : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

Maintenance or construction on two-lane roads often requires setting up a work zone which closes one lane and uses the other for both traffic directions. Workers posted at each end of the work zone allow traffic to flow alternately one way and then t...

Shorter duration, safer work zones, more satisfied travelers : successful applications of full road closure in work zones

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-06-01

In January 1996, US Department of Transportation Secretary Federico Pena unveiled the Operation Timesaver initiative at the annual meeting of the transportation Research Board (TRB). The Secretary set a national goal of building and deploying an Inte...

33 CFR 165.119 - Safety Zone; Captain of the Port Boston Fireworks display zones, Boston Harbor, Boston, MA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Boston Fireworks display zones, Boston Harbor, Boston, MA. 165.119 Section 165.119 Navigation and... zones, Boston Harbor, Boston, MA. (a) Boston Inner Harbor. The following areas are designated as safety...°02′36.5″ W (NAD 1983), located off of Long Wharf, Boston MA. (3) Fan Pier Safety Zone. All U.S...

Construction of Architectural Structures in Cultural Heritage Protection Zones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zagroba, Marek; Gawryluk, Dorota

2017-10-01

The article raises issues of constructing contemporary architectural structures in cultural heritage protection zones, using the case study of a building located within the campus of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. Questions revolving around the construction of this building arise from the need to preserve the surrounding historic heritage, and deal with landscaping, architectural and construction solutions as well as interior design. All these problems grow in importance when dealing with such unique buildings like the discussed example of a laboratory building for the Civil Engineering Department, built on a site within a conservation zone of the university campus. The specific character of the building and the specialist equipment with which it was to be furnished (a resistance testing machine, a 17-meter-long wave flume) necessitated a series of analyses. In turn, the fact that the new building was to be erected in the conservation zone meant that collaboration with the Heritage Conservation Office had to be undertaken at the stage of making the plan and continued during the construction works. The Heritage Officer’s recommendations concerning the building’s shape, divisions, dimensions, materials used, etc., created a situation where the team of designers and architects had to become engaged in the process of landscape and spatial management. The above requirements concerned the functions of the building and its siting on a land parcel that was difficult to handle, also because of the protected trees growing there. Other constraints included the small size of this site, the developed surroundings, and the pre-defined programme of functions and use of the new building. All the above circumstances made the task difficult and demanded good coordination between individual teams of engineers and architects, both at the stage of making the plan and during the construction works. Many of the heritage protection zones are spoilt with inappropriate buildings and structures. The historic part of the university campus in Olsztyn, in the town’s suburb called Kortowo, is an example. Some of the architecture in this area present features characteristics for socialist realism, which causes disharmony with the remaining late-19th century buildings. This paper is dedicated to the question of how to harmonise new buildings with historic ones, and how to strive towards maintaining spatial order. The case discussed in this article proves that such efforts, even when drastic solutions like demolition are needed, can be successful.

Collaborating on convergent technologies: education and practice.

PubMed

Gorman, Michael E

2004-05-01

Converging technologies will require collaboration across disciplines. A good metaphor for such collaborations is the kind of trading zone that emerges whenever human beings from different cultures interact. NBIC must avoid trading zones that are dominated by one discipline or set of interests and instead encourage multiple stakeholders to form a shared mental model of what needs to be accomplished. An example is drawn from current work on societal dimensions of nanotechnology. Students need to gain experience working in such trading zones, in addition to acquiring disciplinary depth.

77 FR 41688 - Security Zones; 2012 Republican National Convention, Captain of the Port St. Petersburg Zone...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

...-AA87 Security Zones; 2012 Republican National Convention, Captain of the Port St. Petersburg Zone... prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg or a designated representative. DATES... temporary final rule, call or email Marine Science Technician First Class Nolan L. Ammons, Sector St...

33 CFR 165.805 - Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Security Zones; Calcasieu River... § 165.805 Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana. (a) Location. (1) The following areas are designated as fixed security zones (all coordinates are based upon North American Datum of...

33 CFR 165.805 - Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Security Zones; Calcasieu River... § 165.805 Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana. (a) Location. (1) The following areas are designated as fixed security zones (all coordinates are based upon North American Datum of...

33 CFR 165.805 - Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Security Zones; Calcasieu River... § 165.805 Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana. (a) Location. (1) The following areas are designated as fixed security zones (all coordinates are based upon North American Datum of...

33 CFR 165.805 - Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Security Zones; Calcasieu River... § 165.805 Security Zones; Calcasieu River and Ship Channel, Louisiana. (a) Location. (1) The following areas are designated as fixed security zones (all coordinates are based upon North American Datum of...

77 FR 40521 - Security Zones, Seattle's Seafair Fleet Week Moving Vessels, Puget Sound, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-10

... 1625-AA87 Security Zones, Seattle's Seafair Fleet Week Moving Vessels, Puget Sound, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The U.S. Coast Guard is establishing security zones around designated participating vessels that are not protected by the Naval Vessel Protection Zone in Seattle's...

77 FR 39632 - Seattle Seafair Unlimited Hydroplane Race

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

... of Lake Washington bounded by the Interstate 90 (Mercer Island/Lacey V. Murrow) Bridge, the western... shoreline of Mercer Island. The regulated area has been divided into two zones. The zones are separated by a... course and then to the northerly tip of Ohlers Island in Andrews Bay. The western zone is designated Zone...

The Influence of the Aspheric Profiles for Transition Zone on Optical Performance of Human Eye After Conventional Ablation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, L.

2014-12-01

The analysis in the impact of transition zone on the optical performance of human eye after laser refractive surgery is important for improving visual correction technology. By designing the ablation profiles of aspheric transition zone and creating the ablation profile for conventional refractive surgery in optical zone, the influence of aspheric transition zone on residual aberrations was studied. The results indicated that the ablation profiles of transition zone had a significant influence on the residual wavefront aberrations. For a hyperopia correction, the profile #9 shows a larger induced coma and spherical aberration when the translation of the centre of pupil remains constant. However, for a myopia astigmatism correction, the induced coma and spherical aberration in profile #1 shows relatively larger RMS values than those in other profiles. Therefore, the residual higher order aberrations may be decreased by optimizing ablation profiles of transition zone, but they cannot be eliminated. In order to achieve the best visual performance, the design of ablation pattern of transition zone played a crucial role.

Crash Energy Management Crush Zone Designs : Features, Functions and Forms

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-03-13

On March 23, 2006, a full-scale test was conducted on a passenger train retrofitted with newly developed cab and coach car crush zone designs. This test was conducted as part of a larger testing program to establish the degree of enhanced performance...

Optical design of endoscopic shape-tracker using quantum dots embedded in fiber bundles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eisenstein, Jessica; Gavalis, Robb; Wong, Peter Y.; Cao, Caroline G. L.

2009-08-01

Colonoscopy is the current gold standard for colon cancer screening and diagnosis. However, the near-blind navigation process employed during colonoscopy results in endoscopist disorientation and scope looping, leading to missed detection of tumors, incorrect localization, and pain for the patient. A fiber optic bend sensor, which would fit into the working channel of a colonoscope, is developed to aid navigation through the colon during colonoscopy. The bend sensor is comprised of a bundle of seven fibers doped with quantum dots (QDs). Each fiber within the bundle contains a unique region made up of three zones with differently-colored QDs, spaced 120° apart circumferentially on the fiber. During bending at the QD region, light lost from the fiber's core is coupled into one of the QD zones, inducing fluorescence of the corresponding color whose intensity is proportional to the degree of bending. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor camera is used to obtain an image of the fluorescing end faces of the fiber bundle. The location of the fiber within the bundle, the color of fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity are used to determine the bundle's bending location, direction, and degree of curvature, respectively. Preliminary results obtained using a single fiber with three QD zones and a seven-fiber bundle containing one active fiber with two QDs (180° apart) demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. Further developments on fiber orientation during bundling and the design of a graphical user interface to communicate bending information are also discussed.

Investigation the Amplitude Uniformity on the Surface of the Wide-Blade Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Horn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hai Nguyen, Thanh; Thanh Quang, Quang; Luat Tran, Cong; Loc Nguyen, Huu

2017-10-01

Ultrasonic welding has been applied for joining thermoplastic components due to their advantages such as clean, fast and reliable. The basic principle is to use the mechanical energy of ultrasonic frequency vibration to produce the molten pool at the interface of the joined components under high pressure to create solid-state welding joints. Depending on the specific application, the ultrasonic horn is designed to generate suitable amplitudes on the surface of the welding zone. Uniformity of the amplitudes can be a challenge as the welding area increases. Therefore, design a welding horn in order to obtain the uniform amplitudes at the large area is significant difficult. This work presents a method for obtaining the uniform amplitudes at the working surface of the stepped wide-blade horn. Finite element method is used to analyze the amplitude distribution at the horn surface of 250 × 34 mm2 with working frequency of 15 kHz and aluminum alloy 7075. The uniformity of amplitude is obtained by changing the shape of the horn.

Evaluation of two polyimides and of an improved liner retention design for self-lubricating bushings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sliney, H. E.

1984-01-01

Two different polyimide polymers were studied and the effectiveness of a design feature to improve retention of the self lubricating composite liners under high load was evaluated. The basic bearing design consisted of a molded layer of chopped graphite-fiber-reinforced-polyimide (GFRP) composite bonded to the bore of a steel bushing. The friction, wear, and load carrying ability of the bushings were determined in oscillating tests at 25, 260 and 315 C at radial unit loads up to 260 MPa. Friction coefficients were typically 0.15 to 0.25. Bushings with liners containing a new partially fluorinated polymer were functional, but had a lower load capacity and higher wear rate than those containing a more conventional, high temperature polyimide. The liner retention design feature reduced the tendency of the liners to crack and work out of the contact zone under high oscillating loads.

New York City's iZone. CRPE Working Paper #2011-1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lake, Robin; Gross, Betheny

2011-01-01

Can public schools learn to embrace innovation and employ cutting edge technology to solve students' most persistent learning problems? In 2010, New York City's Department of Education (NYCDOE) created the Innovation Zone (iZone) to try to accomplish just that. This report reflects the findings of a CRPE study of the iZone, its goals and…

Evaluation of temporary traffic signals in conjunction with pilot car operations at two-way long temporary work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Portable Traffic Signal (PTS) systems at long, rural : two-lane work zones and to compare three different conditions for controlling one-lane traffic in conjunction with pilot car : opera...

A demonstration of expert systems applications in transportation engineering : volume II, TRANZ, a prototype expert system for traffic control in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-01-01

The development of a prototype knowledge-based expert system (KBES) for selecting appropriate traffic control strategies and management techniques around highway work zones was initiated. This process was encompassed by the steps that formulate the p...

Evaluation of knowledge transfer in an immersive virtual learning environment for the transportation community : research project capsule.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

In 2008 alone, 720 individuals were killed in a : construction or maintenance work zone in the : United States. However, since 2003, the total : number of individuals killed in a construction or : maintenance work zone in the US reached a : staggerin...

Effects of road construction intensity and operations on rural freeway work zone capacity.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-11-01

Capacity is affected by construction type and its intensity on adjacent open traffic lanes. The effect on capacity is a function of : vehicles moving in and out of the closed lanes of the work zone, and the presence of heavy construction vehicles. Co...

Improving the effectiveness of nighttime temporary traffic control warning devices, volume 1 : evaluation of lights on nighttime work zone channelization devices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

Currently, the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) is one of the few state transportation agencies that : require warning lights on nighttime work zone channelization devices, such as drums and barricades. The intent : of the steady-burn, am...

Work zone simulator analysis : driver performance and acceptance of Missouri alternate lane shift configurations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-13

The objective of this project is to evaluate MoDOTs alternate lane shift sign configuration for work zones. The single sign proposed by MoDOT provides the traveler with enough information to let them know that all lanes are available to shift arou...

Evaluation of Traffic Information and Prediction System (TIPS) as work zone traffic control.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-03-01

As part of a pavement rehabilitation project on I-64, the Traffic Information and Prediction System (TIPS) was installed as a a means of providing real-time data for motorists in advance and through the work zone. This system collects real-time data ...

Photo radar speed enforcement in a state highway work zone : demonstration project Yeon Avenue.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

The 2007 Oregon legislative assembly passed House Bill 2466, allowing the Oregon Department of Transportation to use photo radar in ODOT work zones on non-interstate state highways and required ODOT to report back to them on the safety impacts of thi...

Crossing Comfort Zones.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madison, D. Soyini

1993-01-01

Offers a narrative based on a real event, in the form of a "docustory," describing that moment when teaching worked--when, in an instructional setting, communication was "perfect" or "excellent." Describes how three very different students, in a course on the cultures of women of color, moved beyond comfort zones while working together on a class…

Public opinion and understanding of advance warning arrow displays used in short-term, mobile, and moving work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-03-01

"In long-term work zones on multilane highways and/or freeways, the Federal Highway Administration has interpreted the : Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices to mean that only one advance warning arrow displays can be used to denote : the closur...

Development and MASH full-scale crash testing of a high-mounting-height temporary single sign support with aluminum sign.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-03-01

Work zone traffic control devices such as temporary single sign supports are a primary means to communicate : information to motorists in work zone areas. The Federal Highway Administration and the Manual on Uniform Traffic : Control Devices require ...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... review are intended to lead to improvements in work zone processes and procedures, data and information... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State-level processes and procedures. 630.1008 Section... OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and...

Reducing work zone crashes by using vehicle's flashers as a warning sign : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

Rural two-lane highways constitute a large percentage of the highway system in Kansas. Preserving, expending, : and enhancing these highways require the set-up of a large number of one-lane, two-way work zones where traffic : safety has been a severe...

Comparing in Cylinder Pressure Modelling of a DI Diesel Engine Fuelled on Alternative Fuel Using Two Tabulated Chemistry Approaches.

PubMed

Ngayihi Abbe, Claude Valery; Nzengwa, Robert; Danwe, Raidandi

2014-01-01

The present work presents the comparative simulation of a diesel engine fuelled on diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel. Two models, based on tabulated chemistry, were implemented for the simulation purpose and results were compared with experimental data obtained from a single cylinder diesel engine. The first model is a single zone model based on the Krieger and Bormann combustion model while the second model is a two-zone model based on Olikara and Bormann combustion model. It was shown that both models can predict well the engine's in-cylinder pressure as well as its overall performances. The second model showed a better accuracy than the first, while the first model was easier to implement and faster to compute. It was found that the first method was better suited for real time engine control and monitoring while the second one was better suited for engine design and emission prediction.

Experiments and modelling of surge in small centrifugal compressor for automotive engines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Galindo, J.; Serrano, J.R.; Climent, H.

2008-01-15

In this paper the surge phenomenon in small centrifugal compressors used for turbocharging internal combustion engines is analyzed. The experimental work was focused on the measurement of compressor behaviour within the surge zone by means of a specifically designed facility. The presented model is based on the introduction of a fluid inertia term that accounts for the non quasi steady effects and the use of a compressor map extended to the surge and negative flows zone obtained from experimental tests. The compressor model was implemented in a one-dimensional gas-dynamic model. The comparison of the modelled and measured evolution of instantaneousmore » pressure during deep surge operation shows good agreement. Furthermore, the model is also able to predict the amplitude and frequency of pressure pulses when the compressor operates in surge with different outlet duct lengths. (author)« less

Update on the distribution of Mansonella perstans in the southern part of Cameroon: influence of ecological factors and mass drug administration with ivermectin.

PubMed

Wanji, Samuel; Tayong, Dizzle Bita; Layland, Laura E; Datchoua Poutcheu, Fabrice R; Ndongmo, Winston Patrick Chounna; Kengne-Ouafo, Jonas Arnaud; Ritter, Manuel; Amvongo-Adjia, Nathalie; Fombad, Fanny Fri; Njeshi, Charity Nya; Nkwescheu, Armand Seraphin; Enyong, Peter A; Hoerauf, Achim

2016-05-31

Mansonellosis remains one of the most neglected of tropical diseases and its current distribution in the entire forest block of southern Cameroon is unknown. In order to address this issue, we have surveyed the distribution of Mansonella perstans in different bioecological zones and in addition, elucidated the influence of multiple rounds of ivermectin (IVM) based mass drug administration (MDA). A mixed design was used. Between 2000 and 2014, both cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys were carried out in 137 communities selected from 12 health districts belonging to five main bioecological zones of the southern part of Cameroon. The zones comprised of grassland savanna (GS), mosaic forest savanna (MFS), forested savanna (FS), deciduous equatorial rainforest (DERF) and the dense humid equatorial rainforest (DHERF). The survey was carried out in some areas with no treatment history as well as those currently under IVM MDA. Individuals within the participatory communities were screened for the presence of M. perstans microfilariae (mf) in peripheral blood by the calibrated thick film method to determine both prevalence and geometric mean intensities at the community level. Apart from sporadic cases in savanna areas, distribution of M. perstans was strongly linked to the equatorial rainforest zones. Before CDTI, the highest mean prevalence (70.0 %) and intensity (17,382.2 mf/ml) were obtained in communities in Mamfes' DHERF areas followed by communities in the DHERF zone of Lolodorf (53.8 % and 7,814.8 mf/ml, respectively). A longitudinal survey in Mamfe further showed that M. perstans infections had reduced by 34.5 % in DERF (P < 0.001) but not DHERF zones after ten years of IVM MDA. Further data from the cross-sectional study revealed that there was a decrease in prevalence in DHERF zones only after ten years of MDA. In DERF zones however, the infection was relatively lower after four years of MDA. The distribution of M. perstans in the southern part of Cameroon varies with bioecological zones and IVM MDA history. The zones with high prevalence and intensities lie in forested areas while those with low endemicity are in the savanna areas. MDA with ivermectin induced significant reduction in the endemicity of mansonellosis in the decidious equatorial rainforest. In contrast, the prevalence and intensity remained relatively high and stable in the dense humid equatorial rainforest zones even after a decade of mass drug administration with ivermectin. Since it is known that M. perstans down-regulates host's immune system, the findings from this work would be useful in designing studies to understand the impact of M. perstans on host immune response to vaccination and co-infection with other pathogens such as Mycobacterium spp. and Plasmodium spp. in areas of contrasting endemicities.

Cost of riparian buffer zones: A comparison of hydrologically adapted site-specific riparian buffers with traditional fixed widths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, T.; Lundström, J.; Kuglerová, L.; Laudon, H.; Öhman, K.; Ågren, A. M.

2016-02-01

Traditional approaches aiming at protecting surface waters from the negative impacts of forestry often focus on retaining fixed width buffer zones around waterways. While this method is relatively simple to design and implement, it has been criticized for ignoring the spatial heterogeneity of biogeochemical processes and biodiversity in the riparian zone. Alternatively, a variable width buffer zone adapted to site-specific hydrological conditions has been suggested to improve the protection of biogeochemical and ecological functions of the riparian zone. However, little is known about the monetary value of maintaining hydrologically adapted buffer zones compared to the traditionally used fixed width ones. In this study, we created a hydrologically adapted buffer zone by identifying wet areas and groundwater discharge hotspots in the riparian zone. The opportunity cost of the hydrologically adapted riparian buffer zones was then compared to that of the fixed width zones in a meso-scale boreal catchment to determine the most economical option of designing riparian buffers. The results show that hydrologically adapted buffer zones were cheaper per hectare than the fixed width ones when comparing the total cost. This was because the hydrologically adapted buffers included more wetlands and low productive forest areas than the fixed widths. As such, the hydrologically adapted buffer zones allows more effective protection of the parts of the riparian zones that are ecologically and biogeochemically important and more sensitive to disturbances without forest landowners incurring any additional cost than fixed width buffers.

78 FR 57837 - Grant of Authority; Establishment of a Foreign-Trade Zone Under the Alternative Site Framework...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of June 18, 1934, as amended (19 U.S.C. 81a-81u... zones in or adjacent to U.S. Customs and Border Protection ports of entry; Whereas, the Board adopted... establishing a foreign-trade zone, designated on the records of the Board as Foreign-Trade Zone No. 287, as...

75 FR 76319 - Amendments to National Marine Sanctuary Regulations Regarding Low Overflights in Designated Zones

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... Administrative practice and procedure, Environmental protection, Fish, Harbors, Marine pollution, Marine...-0073-01] RIN 0648-AX79 Amendments to National Marine Sanctuary Regulations Regarding Low Overflights in Designated Zones AGENCY: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

24 CFR 598.1 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General... the second and third rounds of designations of urban Empowerment Zones, authorized under Subchapter U... requirement of, Round II in this part is also a reference to, or requirement of, Round III. (b) This part...