Sample records for xiao ian abikaasaga

  1. Ian Baring-Gould | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Competition, and Integrated Deployment programs, Ian assists organizations in the deployment of wind technologies and provides information on the appropriate implementation of wind energy. Ian also manages the

  2. Ian in the Department

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wheater, J. F.

    When Ian came to Oxford almost a decade ago he brought with him experience of very different institutions but also respect and sensitivity towards this one. It did not take him long to appreciate the fundamental good sense of the English custom of the coffee break at 11 and the tea break at 4. But Ian was a dynamo and we learned that the true purpose of the coffee break is to initiate a physics discussion which, had it not been for the intervention of lunch, would still have been going on at tea time. Ian was a man at ease with himself and forever generous to others. He was an ever-present inhabitant of the Discussion Room in Keble Road and loved to include anyone who was interested in the subject under consideration. Students, post-docs, staff; we have spent many happy hours exploring the magical world of theoretical physics in Ian's company…

  3. Obituary: Ian R. Bartky, 1934-2007

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dick, Steven J.

    2009-01-01

    Ian Robertson Bartky, a physical chemist who turned to history for his second career, died 18 December 2007 of complications from lung cancer. He was 73. In addition to his scientific career, he will be remembered for his meticulous research on the evolution of time systems, especially for his two books Selling the True Time: Nineteenth Century Timekeeping in America (Stanford University Press, 2000), and One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (Stanford University Press, 2007). Ian was born on 15 March 1934 in Chicago, Illinois. He was the son of Walter Bartky, a Professor of Astronomy at the University of Chicago, and eventually its Dean of the Division of Physical Sciences. The elder Bartky's astronomy textbook, Highlights of Astronomy, published in 1935 and reprinted as late as 1964, includes a considerable discussion of time and standard meridians, which may have influenced Ian, even though his father died in 1958 at the age of 57 when Ian would have been only in his early 20s. Imbued with the love of science from his father, Ian graduated from Illinois Institute of Technology, and went on to obtain his doctorate in physical chemistry from the University of California Berkeley. He mentor was Nobelist William F. Giauque, and Ian always spoke fondly of Giauque's influence in setting rigorous standards that Ian followed when he joined the National Bureau of Standards [NBS] in 1961. Ian spent most of his career there, and it was there that he acquired his professional interest in time, notably when the House Commerce Committee asked him in the mid-1970s to determine whether the dates of Daylight Saving Time should be extended. This resulted in an NBS report in 1976, which concluded that any energy savings would be miniscule. With his usual attention to detail, Ian researched the entire history of the problem, and thus acquired his second great love after science--history. With Elizabeth Harrison he published a well-known article on the issues

  4. Ian Wallace (Profile).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stott, Jon C.

    1989-01-01

    Interviews Canadian children's author-illustrator Ian Wallace. Discusses the development of several of Wallace's books, including "Chin Chiang and the Dragon's Dance" and "The Sparrow's Song," as well as his development as an artist. (MM)

  5. Ian S. E. Carmichael (1930-2011)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lange, Rebecca

    2012-02-01

    Ian S. E. Carmichael, who had a highly imaginative research career and was legendary for his successful mentoring of graduate students, died in Berkeley, Calif., on 26 August 2011. Ian applied thermodynamic theory, experiment, and the ground truth of fieldwork to the study of magmatic rocks. Throughout the arc of his career, he played a critical role in transforming igneous petrology from a discipline that was largely descriptive to one that is rigorously quantitative. Ian was born in London on 29 March 1930 and was educated at Westminster School. He spent 2 years in the British Army (as a parachutist and a second lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers), where he saw service in Egypt, Palestine, and Sudan. He obtained his B.A. and M.A. in geology at Cambridge University in 1954 and then traveled to Canada, where he prospected for copper and wintered in the Arctic. Ian returned to England and obtained his Ph.D. in 1958 at Imperial College London. His thesis, on Thingmuli volcano in eastern Iceland, addressed one of the most contentious issues in Earth science at the time (before the days of isotope geochemistry and plate tectonics), namely, the origin of silicic magma from basalt in the absence of preexisting continental crust. The problem went to the heart of crustal evolution.

  6. Ian Falconer and Olivia

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pierpont, Katherine

    2006-01-01

    Katherine Pierpont tells of the creation and development of the popular children's book, "Olivia Forms a Band," by author/illustrator Ian Falconer. In this story, Olivia, a pig, and her mother, father , and brothers are off to have a picnic and see fireworks. Olivia insists that if there are fireworks, there must be a band, even if she must…

  7. Ian Donald Moore (1951-1993)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Early on September 28,1993 our friend and colleague, Ian Moore passed away after a brief but courageous fight with cancer. Ian was born in Melbourne, Australia. He obtained his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering (with honors) in 1973 and his Master of Engineering Science in Civil Engineering in 1975, both from Monash University. After completing his Ph.D. in Agricultural Engineering at the University of Minnesota in 1979, he joined the Department of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, as an Assistant Professor. In 1983 he returned with his family to Australia to work as a Senior Research Scientist in the Canberra Laboratory of the then CSIRO Division of Water and Land Resources as a hydrologist in the Physical Hydrology and Water Quality Program. He left the Canberra Laboratory in 1986 for an appointment as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Minnesota, where he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1989.

  8. Ian: a 7-year old with prenatal drug exposure and early exposure to family violence.

    PubMed

    Stein, Martin T; Drahota, Amy; Chavira, Denise A

    2008-12-01

    A 7(1/2)-year-old boy is brought to a new primary care pediatrician because his grandparents, who have legal custody, want a "fresh look" at his behavior. Ian's grandmother begins the history with the comment, "He started out kind of rough." He was exposed to methamphetamine and marijuana throughout gestation and his mother had bipolar disease and hypertension. A Cesarean section for failure to progress was followed by normal Apgar scores and an unremarkable neonatal course. Ian's parents physically fought during the first 6 months of his life; at that time, the parents separated and the grandparents assumed care. Ian was expelled from three preschools due to physical aggression directed at other children. He also found it difficult to separate from his grandmother. In first grade, Ian often ran out of the classroom and was verbally, and at one time, physically abuse to his teacher. When he was expelled from school, the grandparents decided to home school Ian. Ian learned to read about 100 words and his spelling improved. Currently, Ian is in the first grade in a class of 10 children with behavioral problems; Ian has his own aid to insure his safety while in school. His teacher reports frequent fidgety behavior, difficulty sitting in his seat or at circle time, and trouble focusing on learning tasks. While his grandparents describe Ian as a "sweet and happy" child at home, they are concerned with repetitive behaviors (e.g., frequent flushing of the toilet because he worried that it is broken and brushing his teeth over 10 times each day), fear of leaving the house, and insisting on order to certain things such as his toys and having a "meltdown" when they are not in order. Severe tantrums are limited to once each month. A receptive and expressive language disorder was diagnosed at 4-years old followed by speech therapy and a social skills-language group program. A few months before the current pediatric visit, Ian had psychoeducational testing: The Wechsler

  9. Ian: a 7-year old with prenatal drug exposure and early exposure to family violence.

    PubMed

    Drahota, Amy; Chavira, Denise A; Stein, Martin T

    2010-04-01

    A 7(1/2)-year-old boy is brought to a new primary care pediatrician because his grandparents, who have legal custody, want a "fresh look" at his behavior. Ian's grandmother begins the history with the comment, "He started out kind of rough." He was exposed to methamphetamine and marijuana throughout gestation and his mother had bipolar disease and hypertension. A Cesarean section for failure to progress was followed by normal Apgar scores and an unremarkable neonatal course. Ian's parents physically fought during the first 6 months of his life; at that time, the parents separated and the grandparents assumed care. Ian was expelled from three preschools due to physical aggression directed at other children. He also found it difficult to separate from his grandmother. In first grade, Ian often ran out of the classroom and was verbally, and at one time, physically abuse to his teacher. When he was expelled from school, the grandparents decided to home school Ian. Ian learned to read about 100 words and his spelling improved. Currently, Ian is in the first grade in a class of 10 children with behavioral problems; Ian has his own aid to insure his safety while in school. His teacher reports frequent fidgety behavior, difficulty sitting in his seat or at circle time, and trouble focusing on learning tasks. While his grandparents describe Ian as a "sweet and happy" child at home, they are concerned with repetitive behaviors (e.g., frequent flushing of the toilet because he worried that it is broken and brushing his teeth over 10 times each day), fear of leaving the house, and insisting on order to certain things such as his toys and having a "meltdown" when they are not in order. Severe tantrums are limited to once each month. A receptive and expressive language disorder was diagnosed at 4-years old followed by speech therapy and a social skills-language group program. A few months before the current pediatric visit, Ian had psychoeducational testing: The Wechsler

  10. Ian Hacking, Learner Categories and Human Taxonomies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Andrew

    2008-01-01

    I use Ian Hacking's views to explore ways of classifying people, exploiting his distinction between indifferent kinds and interactive kinds, and his accounts of how we "make up" people. The natural kind/essentialist approach to indifferent kinds is explored in some depth. I relate this to debates in psychiatry about the existence of mental…

  11. Transgenic rescue demonstrates involvement of the Ian5 gene in T cell development in the rat.

    PubMed

    Michalkiewicz, Mieczyslaw; Michalkiewicz, Teresa; Ettinger, Ruth A; Rutledge, Elizabeth A; Fuller, Jessica M; Moralejo, Daniel H; Van Yserloo, Brian; MacMurray, Armand J; Kwitek, Anne E; Jacob, Howard J; Lander, Eric S; Lernmark, Ake

    2004-10-04

    A single point mutation in a novel immune-associated nucleotide gene 5 (Ian5) coincides with severe T cell lymphopenia in BB rats. We used a transgenic rescue approach in lymphopenic BB-derived congenic F344.lyp/lyp rats to determine whether this mutation is responsible for lymphopenia and to establish the functional importance of this novel gene. A 150-kb P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) transgene harboring a wild-type allele of the rat Ian5 gene restored Ian5 transcript and protein levels, completely rescuing the T cell lymphopenia in the F344.lyp/lyp rats. This successful complementation provides direct functional evidence that the Ian5 gene product is essential for maintaining normal T cell levels. It also demonstrates that transgenic rescue in the rat is a practical and definitive method for revealing the function of a novel gene.

  12. Heat shock protein 27 is a potential indicator for response to YangZheng XiaoJi and chemotherapy agents in cancer cells.

    PubMed

    Owen, Sioned; Zhao, Huishan; Dart, Alwyn; Wang, Yamei; Ruge, Fiona; Gao, Yong; Wei, Cong; Wu, Yiling; Jiang, Wen G

    2016-11-01

    Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a member of the heat shock protein family which has been linked to tumour progression and, most interestingly, to chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients. The present study examined the potential interplay between HSP27 and YangZheng XiaoJi, a traditional Chinese medicine used in cancer treatment. A range of cell lines from different tumour types including pancreatic, lung, gastric, colorectal, breast, prostate and ovarian cancer (both wild-type and resistant) were used. Levels and activation of HSP27 and its potential associated signalling pathways were evaluated by protein array and western blotting. Knockdown of HSP27 in cancer cells was achieved using siRNA. Localisation and co-localisation of HSP27 and other proteins were carried out by immunofluorescence. Cell growth and migration were evaluated in their response to a range of chemotherapeutic agents. The present study first identified, by way of protein array, that YangZheng XiaoJi was able to inhibit the phosphorylation of HSP27 protein in cancer cells. We further demonstrated that HSP27, which is co-localised with caspase-9, can be blocked from localising in focal adhesions and co-localising with caspase-9 by YangZheng XiaoJi. The study also demonstrated that YangZheng XiaoJi was able to sensitise cancer cells including those cells that were resistant to chemotherapy, to chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, knocking down HSP27 markedly reduced the migration of cancer cells and increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to the inhibitory effect on cellular migration by YangZheng XiaoJi. YangZheng XiaoJi can act as an agent in first sensitising cancer cells to chemotherapy and secondly to overcome, to some degree, chemoresistance when used in an appropriate fashion in patients who have active HSP27.

  13. 1. Historic American Buildings Survey Ian McLaughlin Photographer October 27, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. Historic American Buildings Survey Ian McLaughlin Photographer October 27, 1936 DETAIL OF DOORWAY IN WING (FROM NORTHEAST 10:15 a.m.) oldest part - "Level Green", Charles Town, Jefferson County, WV

  14. Ian Douglass Coulter, PhD

    PubMed Central

    Brown, Douglas M

    2004-01-01

    This paper focuses on Dr. Ian Coulter’s accomplishments from the time he became Executive Vice-President of CMCC in 1981, until he ended his presidency with a year’s administrative leave in 1990. Annual planning initiatives, pedagogy, scholarship, conflicts, and the quest for university affiliation are discussed as well as his legacy to the College and the chiropractic profession. The term “adventurous” was first attributed to Coulter by Oswald Hall, PhD, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto who had worked closely with Coulter in a major investigation of the chiropractic profession from 1976 to 1979. Throughout this article the author tries to capture the spirit of daring, innovation and intellect that permeated Coulter’s presidency, enthralling his advocates and confounding his detractors. PMID:17549218

  15. Ian Curtis: Punk rock, epilepsy, and suicide.

    PubMed

    Tuft, Mia; Gjelsvik, Bergljot; Nakken, Karl O

    2015-11-01

    Ian Curtis was the front man of the post-punk band Joy Division. He suffered from epilepsy and actively incorporated his experiences of the disease in his lyrics. Curtis had frequent epileptic seizures, both on and off stage. After dying from suicide in 1980, he became a legend in the post-punk milieu. The impact which the epilepsy, the epilepsy treatment, and comorbid depression had on his artistic life and premature death is not well known. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. [Clinical efficacy of special effect san xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus].

    PubMed

    Li, Zhi-Qiang; Chang, Hong-Juan; Sang, Wen-Feng

    2013-01-01

    To investigate the clinical efficacies of the special effect San Xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its impact on inflammatory factors. 116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into control group and observation group from Aug. 2010 to Aug. 2012, and each group had 58 cases. Both of the two groups were given the conventional basic treatment and 0.5 g/time, oral, 2 times/d of metformin. The observation group was received 1 dose/d of special effect San Xiao decoction on the basis of the basic treatment, and the treatment course was 12 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 ( IL-6) and c-reactive protein (CRP) were observed after the treatment. The FBG, PBG, HbA1c and insulin sensitive index (ISI) of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); BMI and body weight of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05); The blood sugar control effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05); The hypoglycemia incidence of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01); TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01). The clinical efficacy of the special effect San Xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus is significant, it has the role of alleviating inflammatory response for diabetes and it also has less adverse reactions, which is worth to be applied in clinical.

  17. Isotopic studies of planetary and nuclear materials: A scientific tribute to Ian Douglass Hutcheon (1947-2015)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huss, Gary R.

    2017-03-01

    This issue of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is a scientific tribute to Dr. Ian D. Hutcheon (Fig. 1), who passed away on March 26th, 2015. Ian was a pioneer in the fields of isotope cosmochemistry and nuclear forensics, a friend and colleague to many of us, and an effective and dedicated mentor to young scientists. His scientific interests were wide-ranging and are reflected in the papers in this issue. Many of the authors worked closely with him over the years.

  18. The variable position of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in the mandibular ramus: a computed tomography (CT) study.

    PubMed

    Yeh, Andrew Y E; Finn, Brian P; Jones, Robert H B; Goss, Alastair N

    2018-06-01

    This study was designed to quantify the important anatomical landmarks and the path of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) within the human mandibular body and ramus, in particular with reference to the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Four hundred and eleven CT scans were studied, 299 of these were involved in determining the position of lingula; and 230 were involved in determining the course of IAN in the mandibular molar region, namely from the mesial of the mandibular first molar to the distal of the mandibular second molar; 118 were involved with both measurements. On average, the lingula was located 17.0 ± 2.2 mm from the external oblique ridge; 11.6 ± 2.0 mm from the internal oblique ridge; 17.2 ± 2.7 mm from the sigmoid notch; and 15.6 ± 1.9 mm from the posterior border of the mandible. The course of the IAN in the mandibular molar region was found to descend vertically from the distal of the mandibular second molar (7) to reach its lowest point between the first and second molars (6 and 7), and then ascend towards the mesial of the first molar (6). Horizontally, the IAN was found to traverse medially between the distal of the 7 and the middle of the 7, and then changes its path laterally towards the mesial of the 6. Precise knowledge of the individual's position of the IAN will help surgical planning.

  19. Anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal formulation Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san in a rat model of chronic stress.

    PubMed

    Cao, Guo-Ping; Gui, Dan; Fu, Lu-Di; Guo, Zhou-Ke; Fu, Wen-Jun

    2016-08-01

    Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san is a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formulation widely used for the treatment of neuropsychological disorders. The present study examined the anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects of Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san in a rat model of chronic stress. The results of an elevated plus maze test showed that Dan‑zhi‑xiao‑yao‑san significantly attenuated the levels of anxiety-induced stress as evidenced by increases in the time spent in the open arm region, as well as the percentage of entries into this area. In addition, Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san alleviated stress‑induced neuronal death, as indicated by histological examination. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggested that the anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects of Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san may be mediated via attenuation of chronic stress‑induced upregulation of α‑synuclein and corticosterone, and downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the hippocampal region of the brain at the mRNA and protein level. In addition, Dan‑zhi‑xiao‑yao‑san decreased the serum levels of stress‑induced corticosterone in the model animals. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Dan‑zhi‑xiao‑yao‑san exerted anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects in a rat model of chronic stress via attenuation of stress‑induced upregulation of α‑synuclein and corticosterone, and downregulation of PP2A in the hippocampus.

  20. Infection by rhinovirus: similarity of clinical signs included in the case definition of influenza IAn/H1N1.

    PubMed

    de Oña Navarro, Maria; Melón García, Santiago; Alvarez-Argüelles, Marta; Fernández-Verdugo, Ana; Boga Riveiro, Jose Antonio

    2012-08-01

    Although new influenza virus (IAn/H1N1) infections are mild and indistinguishable from any other seasonal influenza virus infections, there are few data on comparisons of the clinical features of infection with (IAn/H1N1) and with other respiratory viruses. The incidence, clinical aspects and temporal distribution of those respiratory viruses circulating during flu pandemic period were studied. Respiratory samples from patients with acute influenza-like symptoms were collected from May 2009 to December 2009. Respiratory viruses were detected by conventional culture methods and genome amplification techniques. Although IAn/H1N1 was the virus most frequently detected, several other respiratory viruses co-circulated with IAn/H1N1 during the pandemic period, especially rhinovirus. The similarity between clinical signs included in the clinical case definition for influenza and those caused by other respiratory viruses, particularly rhinovirus, suggest that a high percentage of viral infections were clinically diagnosed as case of influenza. Our study offers useful information to face future pandemics caused by influenza virus, indicating that differential diagnoses are required in order to not overestimate the importance of the pandemic. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

  1. Ian Hinchliffe Answers Your Higgs Boson Questions

    ScienceCinema

    Hinchliffe, Ian

    2017-12-09

    contingent with the ATLAS experiment at CERN, answers many of your questions about the Higgs boson. Ian invited viewers to send in questions about the Higgs via email, Twitter, Facebook, or YouTube in an "Ask a Scientist" video posted July 3: http://youtu.be/xhuA3wCg06s CERN's July 4 announcement that the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider have discovered a particle "consistent with the Higgs boson" has raised questions about what scientists have found and what still remains to be found -- and what it all means. If you have suggestions for future "Ask a Scientist" videos, post them below or send ideas to askascientist@lbl.gov

  2. Ian Hinchliffe Answers Your Higgs Boson Questions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hinchliffe, Ian

    contingent with the ATLAS experiment at CERN, answers many of your questions about the Higgs boson. Ian invited viewers to send in questions about the Higgs via email, Twitter, Facebook, or YouTube in an "Ask a Scientist" video posted July 3: http://youtu.be/xhuA3wCg06s CERN's July 4 announcement that the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider have discovered a particle "consistent with the Higgs boson" has raised questions about what scientists have found and what still remains to be found -- and what it all means. If you have suggestions for future "Ask a Scientist" videos, post them belowmore » or send ideas to askascientist@lbl.gov« less

  3. Does additional cone beam computed tomography decrease the risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury in high-risk cases undergoing third molar surgery?Does CBCT decrease the risk of IAN injury?

    PubMed

    Korkmaz, Y T; Kayıpmaz, S; Senel, F C; Atasoy, K T; Gumrukcu, Z

    2017-05-01

    The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of additional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging on decreasing the risk of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury during third molar removal in patients at high risk and to assess the surgical outcomes. The study sample included patients considered at high risk for IAN injury based on panoramic radiography (PAN) evaluation. The primary predictor was the type of imaging method (PAN only or with additional CBCT). The other variables were demographic and anatomical/radiographic factors. The primary outcome variable was IAN injury. The secondary outcome variables were the preoperative surgical plan and surgical results including IAN exposure and duration of surgery. The sample comprised 122 patients (139 teeth) aged 18-48 years. Postoperative temporary IAN injury was present in three (4.2%) cases in the CBCT group and 11 (16.4%) in the PAN group at 7 days after surgery. However, none of the patients had a permanent IAN injury at the 6-month follow-up. Additional CBCT imaging was not superior to PAN in reducing IAN injury after third molar surgery during long-term follow-up. Nonetheless, CBCT may decrease the prevalence of temporary IAN injury and improve the surgical outcomes in high-risk patients. Copyright © 2017 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Renewable Energy in China: Xiao Qing Dao Village Power Wind/Diesel Hybrid Pilot Project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    2006-01-01

    In 2000, DOE/NREL and the State Power Corporation of China (SPCC) developed a pilot project to electrify Xiao Qing Dao, a small island located in China's Yellow Sea. The project demonstrates the practicality of renewable energy systems for medium-scale, off-grid applications. It consists of four 10 k-W wind turbines connected to a 30-kW diesel generator, a 40-kW inverter and a battery bank.

  5. Systematic chemical profiling of a multicomponent Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupoletime-of-flight mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Wang, Fenrong; Ai, Yu; Wu, Yun; Ma, Wen; Bian, Qiaoxia; Lee, David Y-W; Dai, Ronghua

    2015-03-01

    Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan, a Chinese herbal formula consisting of 11 different herbs, has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the chemical compositions of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan are not completely characterized. In the present study, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method in positive and negative ion modes was employed to identify biochemical constitutes in Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan. As a result, a total of 76 compounds including alkaloids, monoterpene glycosides, iridoids, phenolic acids, and tanshinones, coumarins, lactones, flavones, and their glycosides, triterpenes, and triterpene saponins were characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with reference standards within 5 ppm error or by reference to the reference literature. These results would provide the basis for a further in vivo study of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan and information for potential new drug candidates for treating arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. "A'ole" Drugs! Cultural Practices and Drug Resistance of Rural Hawai'ian Youths

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Po'A-Kekuawela, Ka'Ohinani; Okamoto, Scott K.; Nebre, La Risa H.; Helm, Susana; Chin, Coralee I. H.

    2009-01-01

    This qualitative study examined how Native Hawai'ian youths from rural communities utilized cultural practices to promote drug resistance and/or abstinence. Forty-seven students from five different middle schools participated in gender-specific focus groups that focused on the cultural and environmental contexts of drug use for Native Hawai'ian…

  7. An ecological compensation standard based on emergy theory for the Xiao Honghe River Basin.

    PubMed

    Guan, Xinjian; Chen, Moyu; Hu, Caihong

    2015-01-01

    The calculation of an ecological compensation standard is an important, but also difficult aspect of current ecological compensation research. In this paper, the factors affecting the ecological-economic system in the Xiao Honghe River Basin, China, including the flow of energy, materials, and money, were calculated using the emergy analysis method. A consideration of the relationships between the ecological-economic value of water resources and ecological compensation allowed the ecological-economic value to be calculated. On this basis, the amount of water needed for dilution was used to develop a calculation model for the ecological compensation standard of the basin. Using the Xiao Honghe River Basin as an example, the value of water resources and the ecological compensation standard were calculated using this model according to the emission levels of the main pollutant in the basin, chemical oxygen demand. The compensation standards calculated for the research areas in Xipin, Shangcai, Pingyu, and Xincai were 34.91 yuan/m3, 32.97 yuan/m3, 35.99 yuan/m3, and 34.70 yuan/m3, respectively, and such research output would help to generate and support new approaches to the long-term ecological protection of the basin and improvement of the ecological compensation system.

  8. Who's there? - First morphological and DNA barcoding catalogue of the shallow Hawai'ian sponge fauna.

    PubMed

    Núñez Pons, Laura; Calcinai, Barbara; Gates, Ruth D

    2017-01-01

    The sponge fauna has been largely overlooked in the Archipelago of Hawai'i, notwithstanding the paramount role of this taxon in marine ecosystems. The lack of knowledge about Porifera populations inhabiting the Hawai'ian reefs limits the development of ecological studies aimed at understanding the functioning of these marine systems. Consequently, this project addresses this gap by describing the most representative sponge species in the shallow waters of the enigmatic bay of Kane'ohe Bay, in O'ahu Island. A total of 30 species (28 demosponges and two calcareous sponges) living associated to the reef structures are here reported. Six of these species are new records to the Hawai'ian Porifera catalogue and are suspected to be recent introductions to these islands. Morphological descriptions of the voucher specimens are provided, along with sequencing data of two partitions involving the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker and a fragment covering partial (18S and 28S) and full (ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) nuclear ribosomal genes. Species delimitations based on genetic distances were calculated to valitate how taxonomic assignments from DNA barcoding aligned with morphological identifications. Of the 60 sequences submitted to GenBank ~88% are the first sequencing records for the corresponding species and genetic marker. This work compiles the first catalogue combining morphological characters with DNA barcoding of Hawai'ian sponges, and contributes to the repository of public databases through the Sponge Barcoding Project initiative.

  9. [Simultaneous determination of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudoephedrine and amygdalin in xiao'er pingchuan qutan granule by HPLC].

    PubMed

    Yang, De-Bin; Tong, Yan; Ma, Zhen-Shan; Wang, Lin; Dong, Mei-Hong; Li, Yan-Ling; Wang, Jin-Yu

    2013-03-01

    To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin in Xiao'er Pingchuan Qutan granule. Pheny ether chromatographic column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (containing 0.1% three ethylamine) (3:97) as the mobile phase. The UV detection wavelength was at 210 nm, with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and column temperature was at 35 degrees C. The linearity of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin ranged between 0.078 60-3.144 microg (r = 1.000 0), 0.103 4-2.068 microg (r = 0.999 7) and 0.430 5-3.157 microg (r = 0.999 8), respectively. Their average recoveries were 98.46% (RSD 1.1%), 103.0% (RSD 1.5%) and 97.15% (RSD 2.1%), respectively. The method is simple, stable and reliable that it can be used to determine the content of ephedrine hydrochloride, D-pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin in Xiao'er Pingchuan Qutan granule.

  10. An uncommon clinical feature of IAN injury after third molar removal: a delayed paresthesia case series and literature review.

    PubMed

    Borgonovo, Andrea; Bianchi, Albino; Marchetti, Andrea; Censi, Rachele; Maiorana, Carlo

    2012-05-01

    After an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury, the onset of altered sensation usually begins immediately after surgery. However, it sometimes begins after several days, which is referred to as delayed paresthesia. The authors considered three different etiologies that likely produce inflammation along the nerve trunk and cause delayed paresthesia: compression of the clot, fibrous reorganization of the clot, and nerve trauma caused by bone fragments during clot organization. The aim of this article was to evaluate the etiology of IAN delayed paresthesia, analyze the literature, present a case series related to three different causes of this pathology, and compare delayed paresthesia with the classic immediate symptomatic paresthesia.

  11. Is Filial Piety a Virtue? a Reading of the "Xiao Jing" ("Classic of Filial Piety") from the Perspective of Ideology Critique

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yan, Hektor K. T.

    2017-01-01

    The recent revival of Confucianism in the PRC raises questions regarding the legitimacy of cultivating Confucian virtues such as "ren" ([Chinese characters omitted] benevolence), "li" ([Chinese characters omitted] propriety) and "xiao" ([Chinese characters omitted] "filial piety" or "family…

  12. Who’s there? – First morphological and DNA barcoding catalogue of the shallow Hawai’ian sponge fauna

    PubMed Central

    Gates, Ruth D.

    2017-01-01

    The sponge fauna has been largely overlooked in the Archipelago of Hawai’i, notwithstanding the paramount role of this taxon in marine ecosystems. The lack of knowledge about Porifera populations inhabiting the Hawai’ian reefs limits the development of ecological studies aimed at understanding the functioning of these marine systems. Consequently, this project addresses this gap by describing the most representative sponge species in the shallow waters of the enigmatic bay of Kane’ohe Bay, in O’ahu Island. A total of 30 species (28 demosponges and two calcareous sponges) living associated to the reef structures are here reported. Six of these species are new records to the Hawai’ian Porifera catalogue and are suspected to be recent introductions to these islands. Morphological descriptions of the voucher specimens are provided, along with sequencing data of two partitions involving the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker and a fragment covering partial (18S and 28S) and full (ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) nuclear ribosomal genes. Species delimitations based on genetic distances were calculated to valitate how taxonomic assignments from DNA barcoding aligned with morphological identifications. Of the 60 sequences submitted to GenBank ~88% are the first sequencing records for the corresponding species and genetic marker. This work compiles the first catalogue combining morphological characters with DNA barcoding of Hawai’ian sponges, and contributes to the repository of public databases through the Sponge Barcoding Project initiative. PMID:29267311

  13. Comparison of Bacterial Diversity in Azorean and Hawai’ian Lava Cave Microbial Mats

    PubMed Central

    MARSHALL HATHAWAY, JENNIFER J.; GARCIA, MATTHEW G.; BALASCH, MONICA MOYA; SPILDE, MICHAEL N.; STONE, FRED D.; DAPKEVICIUS, MARIA DE LURDES N. E.; AMORIM, ISABEL R.; GABRIEL, ROSALINA; BORGES, PAULO A. V.; NORTHUP, DIANA E.

    2015-01-01

    Worldwide, lava caves host colorful microbial mats. However, little is known about the diversity of these microorganisms, or what role they may play in the subsurface ecosystem. White and yellow microbial mats were collected from four lava caves each on the Azorean island of Terceira and the Big Island of Hawai’i, to compare the bacterial diversity found in lava caves from two widely separated archipelagos in two different oceans at different latitudes. Scanning electron microscopy of mat samples showed striking similarities between Terceira and Hawai’ian microbial morphologies. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed to determine the diversity within these lava caves. Fifteen bacterial phyla were found across the samples, with more Actinobacteria clones in Hawai’ian communities and greater numbers of Acidobacteria clones in Terceira communities. Bacterial diversity in the subsurface was correlated with a set of factors. Geographical location was the major contributor to differences in community composition (at the OTU level), together with differences in the amounts of organic carbon, nitrogen and copper available in the lava rock that forms the cave. These results reveal, for the first time, the similarity among the extensive bacterial diversity found in lava caves in two geographically separate locations and contribute to the current debate on the nature of microbial biogeography. PMID:26924866

  14. Sunday Schools and English Teaching: Re-Reading Ian Hunter and the Emergence of "English" in the United States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brass, Jory

    2011-01-01

    This article represents an "overdue encounter" with the ideas of Ian Hunter to reconsider the historical emergence and descent of English teaching in the United States. Influenced by Hunter's account of the "pastoral" and "bureaucratic" genealogy of English teaching in England, my historical study documented…

  15. Genoprotective effect of the Chinese herbal decoction xiao jian zhong tang.

    PubMed

    Szeto, Yim-Tong; Cheng, Ngok-Fung; Pak, Sok-Cheon; Kalle, Wouter

    2013-03-01

    The Chinese herbal decoction formula Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (XJZT) is one of the classic formulas from the classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Previous studies on XJZT found that it is effective for treating peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, functional gastroenteritis and similar psychosomatic disorders of the digestive organs. It has also been shown that all the herbs used in XJZT contain antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the in vitro DNA protection effect of the individual herb extracts and the whole formula. Water extract of the herbs and XJZT were used to pre-treat human lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were then exposed to hydrogen peroxide. The in vitro DNA protection effect of the herbs was investigated by comet assay. No DNA protective effect (P < 0.05) was found for individual herb extracts, but XJZT showed protection of human lymphocytic DNA upon oxidative stress (P < 0.05). The in vitro DNA protection effect of XJZT was conferred by the synergistic effect of the herbs, while the individual herbs had no such effect.

  16. [Estimation of carbonaceous gases emission from forest fires in Xiao Xing'an Mountains of Northeast China in 1953-2011].

    PubMed

    Hu, Hai-Qing; Luo, Bi-Zhen; Wei, Shu-Jing; Sun, Long; Wei, Shu-Wei; Wen, Zheng-Min

    2013-11-01

    Based on the forest resources investigation data and the forest fire inventory in 1953-2011, in combining with our field research in burned areas and our laboratory experiments, this paper estimated the carbonaceous gases carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emission from the forest fires in Xiao Xing' an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China in 1953-2011. The total carbon emission from the forest fires in the Xiao Xing'an Mountains in 1953-2011 was 1.12 x 10(7) t, and the annual emission was averagely 1.90 x10(5) t, accounting for 1.7% of the annual average total carbon emission from the forest fires in China. The emission of CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC was 3.39 x 10(7), 1.94 x 10(5), 1.09 x 10(5), and 7.46 x 10(4) t, respectively, and the corresponding annual average emission was 5.74 x 10(5), 3.29 x 10(4), 1.85 x 10(3), and 1.27 x 10(3) t, accounting for 1.4%, 1.2%, 1.7%, and 1.1% of the annual carbonaceous gases emitted from the forest fires in China, respectively. The combustion efficiency and the carbon emission per unit burned area of different forest types decreased in order of coniferous forest > broad-leaved forest > coniferous broadleaved mixed forest. Some rational forest fire management measures were put forward.

  17. New plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase, AAC(6')-Ian, and ESBL, TLA-3, from a Serratia marcescens clinical isolate.

    PubMed

    Jin, Wanchun; Wachino, Jun-Ichi; Kimura, Kouji; Yamada, Keiko; Arakawa, Yoshichika

    2015-05-01

    Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates showing amikacin resistance (MIC 64 to >256 mg/L) in the absence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase (MTase) genes were found. The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying amikacin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates that do not produce 16S rRNA MTases. PCR was performed to detect already-known amikacin resistance determinants. Cloning experiments and sequence analyses were performed to characterize unknown amikacin resistance determinants. Transfer of amikacin resistance determinants was performed by conjugation and transformation. The complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmids was determined by next-generation sequencing technology. Amikacin resistance enzymes were purified with a column chromatography system. The enzymatic function of the purified protein was investigated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC. Among the 14 isolates, 9 were found to carry already-known amikacin resistance determinants such as aac(6')-Ia and aac(6')-Ib. Genetic analyses revealed the presence of a new amikacin acetyltransferase gene, named aac(6')-Ian, located on a 169 829 bp transferable plasmid (p11663) of the Serratia marcescens strain NUBL-11663, one of the five strains negative for known aac(6') genes by PCR. Plasmid p11663 also carried a novel ESBL gene, named blaTLA-3. HPLC and TLC analyses demonstrated that AAC(6')-Ian catalysed the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A onto an amine at the 6'-position of various aminoglycosides. We identified aac(6')-Ian as a novel amikacin resistance determinant together with a new ESBL gene, blaTLA-3, on a transferable plasmid of a S. marcescens clinical isolate. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  18. Study on the effect of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San decoction on patients with functional dyspepsia.

    PubMed

    Qu, Yang; Gan, Hong Quan; Mei, Qi Bing; Liu, Li

    2010-02-01

    The effect of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) decoction on patients with functional dyspepsia was studied by means of electrogastrography (EGG) and symptoms of dyspepsia were assessed. Twenty patients with functional dyspepsia were selected; before and after internal treatment with JWXYS, the integrated symptoms of the patients were down-regulated from 18.55 +/- 3.24 (before treatment) to 11.65 +/- 2.37 (after treatment) (p < 0.01); electrogastrography showed that all the EGG parameters of the patients were outside the normal range. After treatment with JWXYS, all these indices improved before and after dinner. The results showed that the JWXYS decoction could not only improve the symptoms, but also adjust the abnormal gastric motility and gastric myoelectrical activity of patients with functional dyspepsia. (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  19. Concepts, Diagnosis and the History of Medicine: Historicising Ian Hacking and Munchausen Syndrome.

    PubMed

    Millard, Chris

    2017-08-01

    Concepts used by historians are as historical as the diagnoses or categories that are studied. The example of Munchausen syndrome (deceptive presentation of illness in order to adopt the 'sick role') is used to explore this. Like most psychiatric diagnoses, Munchausen syndrome is not thought applicable across time by social historians of medicine. It is historically specific, drawing upon twentieth-century anthropology and sociology to explain motivation through desire for the 'sick role'. Ian Hacking's concepts of 'making up people' and 'looping effects' are regularly utilised outside of the context in which they are formed. However, this context is precisely the same anthropological and sociological insight used to explain Munchausen syndrome. It remains correct to resist the projection of Munchausen syndrome into the past. However, it seems inconsistent to use Hacking's concepts to describe identity formation before the twentieth century as they are given meaning by an identical context.

  20. Concepts, Diagnosis and the History of Medicine: Historicising Ian Hacking and Munchausen Syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Millard, Chris

    2017-01-01

    Summary Concepts used by historians are as historical as the diagnoses or categories that are studied. The example of Munchausen syndrome (deceptive presentation of illness in order to adopt the ‘sick role’) is used to explore this. Like most psychiatric diagnoses, Munchausen syndrome is not thought applicable across time by social historians of medicine. It is historically specific, drawing upon twentieth-century anthropology and sociology to explain motivation through desire for the ‘sick role’. Ian Hacking’s concepts of ‘making up people’ and ‘looping effects’ are regularly utilised outside of the context in which they are formed. However, this context is precisely the same anthropological and sociological insight used to explain Munchausen syndrome. It remains correct to resist the projection of Munchausen syndrome into the past. However, it seems inconsistent to use Hacking’s concepts to describe identity formation before the twentieth century as they are given meaning by an identical context. PMID:29713120

  1. Effects of simulated warming on soil respiration to XiaoPo lake

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Shuangkai; Chen, Kelong; Wu, Chengyong; Mao, Yahui

    2018-02-01

    The main flux of carbon cycling in terrestrial and atmospheric ecosystems is soil respiration, and soil respiration is one of the main ways of soil carbon output. This is of great significance to explore the dynamic changes of soil respiration rate and its effect on temperature rise, and the correlation between environmental factors and soil respiration. In this study, we used the open soil carbon flux measurement system (LI-8100, LI-COR, NE) in the experimental area of the XiaoPo Lake wetland in the Qinghai Lake Basin, and the Kobresia (Rs) were measured, and the soil respiration was simulated by simulated temperature (OTC) and natural state. The results showed that the temperature of 5 cm soil was 1.37 °C higher than that of the control during the experiment, and the effect of warming was obvious. The respiration rate of soil under warming and natural conditions showed obvious diurnal variation and monthly variation. The effect of warming on soil respiration rate was promoted and the effect of precipitation on soil respiration rate was inhibited. Further studies have shown that the relationship between soil respiration and 5 cm soil temperature under the control and warming treatments can be described by the exponential equation, and the correlation analysis between the two plots shows a very significant exponential relationship (p < 0.001). The warming treatment not only increased the Q10 value of soil respiration rate, but also increased the sensitivity of soil respiration rate. The relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture can be explained by the quadratic linear equation (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that under the condition of sufficient rainfall, the soil temperature is the main influencing factor of soil respiration in this region.

  2. A Chinese herbal medicine, jia-wei-xiao-yao-san, prevents dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.

    PubMed

    Chien, Shu-Chen; Chang, Wei-Chiao; Lin, Pu-Hua; Chang, Wei-Pin; Hsu, Shih-Chung; Chang, Jung-Chen; Wu, Ya-Chieh; Pei, Jin-Kuo; Lin, Chia-Hsien

    2014-01-01

    Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san (JWXYS) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used to treat neuropsychological disorders. Only a few of the hepatoprotective effects of JWXYS have been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of JWXYS on dimethylnitrosamine- (DMN-) induced chronic hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in rats and to clarify the mechanism through which JWXYS exerts these effects. After the rats were treated with DMN for 3 weeks, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels were significantly elevated, whereas the albumin level decreased. Although DMN was continually administered, after the 3 doses of JWXYS were orally administered, the SGOT and SGPT levels significantly decreased and the albumin level was significantly elevated. In addition, JWXYS treatment prevented liver fibrosis induced by DMN. JWXYS exhibited superoxide-dismutase-like activity and dose-dependently inhibited DMN-induced lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity in the liver of rats. Our findings suggest that JWXYS exerts antifibrotic effects against DMN-induced chronic hepatic injury. The possible mechanism is at least partially attributable to the ability of JWXYS to inhibit reactive-oxygen-species-induced membrane lipid peroxidation.

  3. Understanding the polypharmacological anticancer effects of Xiao Chai Hu Tang via a computational pharmacological model

    PubMed Central

    ZHENG, CHUN-SONG; WU, YIN-SHENG; BAO, HONG-JUAN; XU, XIAO-JIE; CHEN, XING-QIANG; YE, HONG-ZHI; WU, GUANG-WEN; XU, HUI-FENG; LI, XI-HAI; CHEN, JIA-SHOU; LIU, XIAN-XIANG

    2014-01-01

    Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT), a traditional herbal formula, is widely administered as a cancer treatment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its anticancer effects are not fully understood. In the present study, a computational pharmacological model that combined chemical space mapping, molecular docking and network analysis was employed to predict which chemical compounds in XCHT are potential inhibitors of cancer-associated targets, and to establish a compound-target (C-T) network and compound-compound (C-C) association network. The identified compounds from XCHT demonstrated diversity in chemical space. Furthermore, they occupied regions of chemical space that were the same, or close to, those occupied by drug or drug-like compounds that are associated with cancer, according to the Therapeutic Targets Database. The analysis of the molecular docking and the C-T network demonstrated that the potential inhibitors possessed the properties of promiscuous drugs and combination therapies. The C-C network was classified into four clusters and the different clusters contained various multi-compound combinations that acted on different targets. The study indicated that XCHT has a polypharmacological role in treating cancer and the potential inhibitory components of XCHT require further investigation as potential therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. PMID:24926384

  4. Who Guards the Guardians? Ian Kennedy, Bioethics and the ‘Ideology of Accountability’ in British Medicine

    PubMed Central

    Wilson, Duncan

    2012-01-01

    Summary This article charts the history of bioethics in Britain through the work of the academic lawyer Ian Kennedy. From the late 1970s, Kennedy claimed that external oversight, which he termed ‘bioethics’, was needed to make medicine accountable to patients and the public. I believe these arguments provide a window onto the historical factors that generated the demand for bioethics, and help us determine why it became influential in recent decades. I detail how Kennedy's argument resonated with the Conservative enthusiasm for audit and consumer choice in the 1980s. Contrary to traditional portrayals of bioethics as a critique of medicine, I also show that Kennedy promised it would benefit doctors by improving decision making and maintaining public confidence. This analysis reframes bioethics as an important constituent of the ‘audit society’: fulfilling the neo-liberal demand for oversight and the medical demand for legitimacy.

  5. Sex Complexity and Politics in Black Dogs by Ian McEwan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abbasiyannejad, Mina; Talif, Rosli

    Ian McEwan's Black Dogs (BD) is a story of socio-political conflict during the critical era of the Cold War. Black Dogs is riddled with party (political) domination and its outcomes in society. Europe is still suffering the consequences of the Second World War, perhaps the biggest war of the twentieth century. In the aftermath of such worldwide upheaval, the conflicts that were in tandem with the scramble for political domination emerged in diverse ways, affecting nations and their human populations. Systematic sexual assault during the war years showed that sex was used both for intimidation and humiliation. This study attempts to picture the multidimensional aspects of politics which are practically related to the most intimate human relationship, that is, sex. It pictures how personal is equated with the political and vice versa. The theory of sexual politics is the theoretical framework used to scrutinize power-structure relationship. By reviewing the major conflicts in such a scenario, as the Cold War, and societal restriction, this study concludes that conflict in the macrocosm (world and society) affects the microcosm (individual) in McEwan's Black Dogs. It provides a rather broad picture of politics and sexuality and highlights the stresses of wider society on human dysfunctional relationships. Rape as a tactic of war for a political goal demonstrates another aspect of sex. Reviewing the period in which the story takes place and relating it to the conflicts in society, the study goes beyond simple cause and effect problems among individuals and portrays a holistic view of sexuality and society.

  6. Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San on the Peripheral and Lymphatic Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel in Rats.

    PubMed

    Hou, Mei-Ling; Lu, Chia-Ming; Tsai, Tung-Hu

    2016-01-01

    Paclitaxel is effective against breast cancer. The herbal medicine, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS), is the most frequent prescription used to relieve the symptoms of breast cancer treatments. The aim of the study was to investigate the herb-drug interaction effects of a herbal medicine on the distribution of paclitaxel to lymph. A validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was used to determine the paclitaxel levels in rat plasma and lymph after intravenous infusion of paclitaxel alone with or without 7 days of JWXYS pretreatment. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that paclitaxel concentrations in plasma exceeded those in lymph by approximately 3.6-fold. The biodistribution of paclitaxel from plasma to lymph was 39 ± 5%; however, this increased to 45 ± 4% with JWXYS pretreatment. With JWXYS pretreatment, the AUC and C max of paclitaxel in plasma were significantly reduced by approximately 1.5-fold, compared to paclitaxel alone. Additionally, JWXYS decreased the AUC and C max of paclitaxel in lymph. However, the lymph absorption rate of paclitaxel with or without JWXYS pretreatment was not significantly changed (27 ± 3 and 30 ± 2%, resp.). Our findings demonstrate that when paclitaxel is prescribed concurrently with herbal medicine, monitoring of the blood pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel is recommended.

  7. Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San on the Peripheral and Lymphatic Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel in Rats

    PubMed Central

    Hou, Mei-Ling; Lu, Chia-Ming

    2016-01-01

    Paclitaxel is effective against breast cancer. The herbal medicine, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS), is the most frequent prescription used to relieve the symptoms of breast cancer treatments. The aim of the study was to investigate the herb-drug interaction effects of a herbal medicine on the distribution of paclitaxel to lymph. A validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was used to determine the paclitaxel levels in rat plasma and lymph after intravenous infusion of paclitaxel alone with or without 7 days of JWXYS pretreatment. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that paclitaxel concentrations in plasma exceeded those in lymph by approximately 3.6-fold. The biodistribution of paclitaxel from plasma to lymph was 39 ± 5%; however, this increased to 45 ± 4% with JWXYS pretreatment. With JWXYS pretreatment, the AUC and C max of paclitaxel in plasma were significantly reduced by approximately 1.5-fold, compared to paclitaxel alone. Additionally, JWXYS decreased the AUC and C max of paclitaxel in lymph. However, the lymph absorption rate of paclitaxel with or without JWXYS pretreatment was not significantly changed (27 ± 3 and 30 ± 2%, resp.). Our findings demonstrate that when paclitaxel is prescribed concurrently with herbal medicine, monitoring of the blood pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel is recommended. PMID:27057200

  8. Simultaneous determination of 12 chemical constituents in the traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Hongmin; Chen, Shiwei; Qin, Feng; Huang, Xi; Ren, Ping; Gu, Xinqi

    2008-12-15

    An HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 components in Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei (XYSJW): geniposide, puerarin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, naringin, paeonol, daidzein, glycyrrhizic acid, honokiol, and magnolol. These were separated in less than 70 min using a Waters Symmetry Shield RP 18 column with gradient elution using (A) acetonitrile, (B) water, and (C) acetic acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and with a PDA detector. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r(2)>0.9992) within the test ranges. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection. The proposed method enables in a single run the simultaneous identification and determination for quality control of 12 multi-structural components of XYSJW forming the basis of its therapeutic effect.

  9. [Natural or interactive kinds? The transient mental disorders in Ian Hacking's lectures at the Collège de France (2000-2006)].

    PubMed

    Delille, Emmanuel; Kirsch, Marc

    2016-12-01

    The concepts developed by Ian Hacking during his lectures at the Collège de France (2000-2006) have provided an important contribution to the debates within the field of philosophy of psychiatry. Professor at the Chair of Philosophy and History of Scientific Concepts after Michel Foucault, Hacking is the author of a reflection on the classification of mental disorders, which arises from the problem of the natural kinds. In order to explain the case studies developed in Hacking's Paris lectures, we first go back to the definition of a series of concepts, then we discuss the status of his scientific metaphors. Finally we analyze the relationship between the notions, respectively, of "transient mental illness" and "culture-bound syndrome". We emphasize that the latter derives from the Canadian transcultural psychiatry.

  10. [Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter Properties in a Constructed Wetland of Xiao River, Hebei].

    PubMed

    Ma, Li-na; Zhang, Hui; Tan, Wen-bing; Yu, Min-da; Huang, Zhi-gang; Gao, Ru-tai; Xi, Bei-dou; He, Xiao-song

    2016-01-01

    The evolution of water DOC and COD, and the source, chemical structure, humification degree and redox of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a constructed wetland of Xiao River, Hebei, was investigated by 3D excitation--emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with ultraviolet spectroscopy and chemical reduction, in order to explore the geochemical processes and environmental effects of DOM. Although DOC contributes at least 60% to COD, its decrease in the constructed wetland is mainly caused by the more extensive degradation of elements N, H, S, and P than C in DOM, and 65% is contributed from the former. DOM is mainly consisted of microbial products based on proxies f470/520 and BIX, indicating that DOM in water is apparently affected by microbial degradation. The result based on PARAFAC model shows that DOM in the constructed wetland contains protein-like and humus-like components, and Fulvic- and humic-like components are relatively easier to degrade than protein-like components. Fulvic- and humic-like components undergo similar decomposition in the constructed wetland. A common source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) exists; both CDOM and FDOM are mainly composed of a humus-like material and do not exhibit selective degradation in the constructed wetland. The proxies E2 /E3, A240-400, r(A, C) and HIX in water have no changes after flowing into the constructed wetland, implying that the humification degree of DOM in water is hardly affected by wet constructed wetland. However, the constructed wetland environment is not only beneficial in forming the reduced state of DOM, but also facilitates the reduction of ferric. It can also improve the capability of DOM to function as an electron shuttle. This result may be related to the condition that the aromatic carbon of DOM can be stabilized well in the constructed wetland.

  11. Chemical profiling approach to evaluate the influence of traditional and simplified decoction methods on the holistic quality of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Yan, Xuemei; Zhang, Qianying; Feng, Fang

    2016-04-01

    Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction, consisting of Rheum officinale Baill, Mirabilitum, Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of jaundice. As described in "Jin Kui Yao Lue", a traditional multistep decoction of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction was required while simplified one-step decoction was used in recent repsorts. To investigate the chemical difference between the decoctions obtained by the traditional and simplified preparations, a sensitive and reliable approach of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was established. As a result, a total of 105 compounds were detected and identified. Analysis of the chromatogram profiles of the two decoctions showed that many compounds in the decoction of simplified preparation had changed obviously compared with those in traditional preparation. The changes of constituents would be bound to cause the differences in the therapeutic effects of the two decoctions. The present study demonstrated that certain preparation methods significantly affect the holistic quality of traditional Chinese medicines and the use of a suitable preparation method is crucial for these medicines to produce special clinical curative effect. This research results elucidated the scientific basis of traditional preparation methods in Chinese medicines. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. The Four-Herb Chinese Medicine Formula Tuo-Li-Xiao-Du-San Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats through Reducing Inflammation and Increasing Angiogenesis

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Xiao-na; Ma, Ze-jun; Wang, Ying; Li, Yu-zhu; Sun, Bei; Guo, Xin; Pan, Cong-qing; Chen, Li-ming

    2016-01-01

    Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious complication that often leads to amputation or even death with limited effective treatments. Tuo-Li-Xiao-Du-San (TLXDS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula for refractory wounds, has been prescribed for nearly 400 years in China and shows good efficacy in promoting healing. In this study, we explored the effect of TLXDS on healing of diabetic wounds and investigated underlying mechanisms. Four weeks after intravenous injection of streptozotocin, two full-thickness excisional wounds were created with a 10 mm diameter sterile biopsy punch on the back of rats. The ethanol extract of TLXDS was given once daily by oral gavage. Wound area, histological change, inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis were evaluated. TLXDS treatment significantly accelerated healing of diabetic rats and improved the healing quality. These effects were associated with reduced neutrophil infiltration and macrophage accumulation, enhanced angiogenesis, and increased collagen deposition. This study shows that TLXDS improves diabetes-impaired wound healing. PMID:27057551

  13. Xiao Yao San Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats with Chronic Immobilization Stress through Modulation of Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System.

    PubMed

    Ding, Xiu-Fang; Zhao, Xiao-Hua; Tao, Yang; Zhong, Wei-Chao; Fan, Qin; Diao, Jian-Xin; Liu, Yuan-Liang; Chen, Yu-Yao; Chen, Jia-Xu; Lv, Zhi-Ping

    2014-01-01

    Most research focuses on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPGA) axis systems of abnormalities of emotions and behaviors induced by stress, while no studies of Chinese herbal medicine such as Xiao Yao San (XYS) on the mechanisms of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system have been reported. Therefore, experiments were carried out to observe mechanism of LC-NE system in response to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and explore the antidepressant effect of XYS. Rat model was established by CIS. LC morphology in rat was conducted. The serum norepinephrine (NE) concentrations and NE biosynthesis such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), and corticotrophin-releasing-factor (CRF) in LC were determined. Results showed that there were no discernible alterations in LC in rats. The serum NE concentrations, positive neurons, mean optical density (MOD), and protein levels of TH, DBH, and CRF in model group were significantly increased compared to the control group. But XYS-treated group displayed a significantly decreased in NE levels and expressions of TH, DBH, and CRF compared to the model group. In conclusion, CIS can activate LC-NE system to release NE and then result in a significant decrease in rats. XYS treatment can effectively improve depressive-like behaviors in rats through inhibition of LC-NE neurons activity.

  14. Serum metabonomics study of anti-depressive effect of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.

    PubMed

    Xiong, Zhili; Yang, Jie; Huang, Yue; Zhang, Kuo; Bo, Yunhai; Lu, Xiumei; Su, Guangyue; Ma, Jie; Yang, Jingyu; Zhao, Longshan; Wu, Chunfu

    2016-09-01

    Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) has been proven to be effective for the clinical treatment of depression. However, the mechanisms of definite antidepressant-like effects and detailed metabolic biomarkers were still unclear in this prior study. Here, we have investigated the metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model after treatment with XCHT. Metabonomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to profile the metabolic fingerprints of serum obtained from a rat model with chronic unpredictable mild stress with and without XCHT treatment. The model rats showed a significant decrease in sucrose preference and food consumption, and these depression-like symptoms were significantly improved by XCHT. Through principal component analysis (PCA), nine potential biomarkers of tryptophan, uric acid, phenylalanine, cholic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine (C18:0 LPC, C16:0 LPC, C16:1 LPC, C18:1 LPC, C20:4 LPC) were characterized as potential biomarkers involved the pathogenesis of depression. The therapeutic effect of XCHT on depression may involve in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation response. The present investigation highlights that metabonomics is a valuable tool for studying the essence of depression as well as evaluating the efficacy of the corresponding drug treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Xiao Yao San Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats with Chronic Immobilization Stress through Modulation of Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System

    PubMed Central

    Ding, Xiu-Fang; Zhao, Xiao-Hua; Tao, Yang; Zhong, Wei-Chao; Fan, Qin; Diao, Jian-Xin; Liu, Yuan-Liang; Chen, Yu-Yao; Chen, Jia-Xu; Lv, Zhi-Ping

    2014-01-01

    Most research focuses on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPGA) axis systems of abnormalities of emotions and behaviors induced by stress, while no studies of Chinese herbal medicine such as Xiao Yao San (XYS) on the mechanisms of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system have been reported. Therefore, experiments were carried out to observe mechanism of LC-NE system in response to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and explore the antidepressant effect of XYS. Rat model was established by CIS. LC morphology in rat was conducted. The serum norepinephrine (NE) concentrations and NE biosynthesis such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), and corticotrophin-releasing-factor (CRF) in LC were determined. Results showed that there were no discernible alterations in LC in rats. The serum NE concentrations, positive neurons, mean optical density (MOD), and protein levels of TH, DBH, and CRF in model group were significantly increased compared to the control group. But XYS-treated group displayed a significantly decreased in NE levels and expressions of TH, DBH, and CRF compared to the model group. In conclusion, CIS can activate LC-NE system to release NE and then result in a significant decrease in rats. XYS treatment can effectively improve depressive-like behaviors in rats through inhibition of LC-NE neurons activity. PMID:25610478

  16. Xiao-Yao-San, a Chinese Medicine Formula, Ameliorates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Induced Polycystic Ovary in Rat

    PubMed Central

    Sun, Hao-Yu; Li, Quan; Liu, Yu-Ying; Wei, Xiao-Hong; Pan, Chun-Shui; Fan, Jing-Yu; Han, Jing-Yan

    2017-01-01

    Chronic stress induces endocrine disturbance, which contributes to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition that remains a challenge for clinicians to cope with. The present study investigated the effect of Xiao-Yao-San (XYS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for treatment of gynecological disease, on the chronic stress-induced polycystic ovary and its underlying mechanism. Female Sprague-Dwaley rats underwent a 3 weeks chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure to establish the PCOS model, followed by 4 weeks treatment with XYS (0.505 g/kg or 1.01 g/kg) by gavage. Granulosa cells were exposed to noradrenaline (1 mM) in vitro for 24 h, followed by incubation with or without XYS-treated rat serum for 24 h. Post-treatment with XYS ameliorated CUMS-induced irregular estrous cycles and follicles development abnormalities, decrease of estradiol and progesterone level as well as increase of luteinizing hormone in serum, reduced cystic follicles formation and the apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells, attenuated the increase in dopamine beta hydroxylase and c-fos level in locus coeruleus, the noradrenaline level in serum and ovarian tissue, and the expression of beta 2 adrenergic receptor in ovarian tissue. Besides, XYS alleviated the reduction of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase polypeptide I and protein kinase B, as well as the increase of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-I to microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II conversion both in vivo and in vitro. This study demonstrated XYS as a potential strategy for CUMS induced polycystic ovary, and suggested that the beneficial role of XYS was correlated with the regulation of the sympathetic nerve activity. PMID:29018356

  17. An 80-year summer temperature history from the Xiao Dongkemadi ice core in the central Tibetan Plateau and its association with atmospheric circulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xiangying; Ding, Yongjian; Yu, Zhongbo; Mika, Sillanpää; Liu, Shiyin; Shangguan, Donghui; Lu, Chengyang

    2015-02-01

    The climate significance of oxygen isotopes from the central Tibetan Plateau (cTP) ice cores is a debated issue because of large scale atmospheric circulation. A high-resolution δ18O record was recovered from the Xiao Dongkemadi (XD) ice core, which expanded the spatial coverage of δ18O data in this region. Annual average δ18O correlated significantly with nearby MJJAS air temperatures, suggesting the δ18O can be used as a proxy to reconstruct regional climate change. The reconstructed temperature anomaly is related to the regional and global warming trends, and the greater warming amplitude since 1970s is related to the elevation dependency of the warming signal. The close relationship of the warming to variations in glacier mass balances and discharge reveal that recent warming has led to obvious glacier shrinkage and runoff increase. Correlation analysis suggests that monsoon and westerly moisture substantially influence the cTP ice core records, along with an increase in their level of contribution to the XD core accumulation in recent decades, and confirms a teleconnection of regional climate of the cTP ice cores with climate parameters in the Indian and North Atlantic Oceans.

  18. The West family chiropractic dynasty: celebrating a century of accomplishment in Canada: Part II: Samson J. West, David I. West, Neil A. West, Megan L. West, R. Ian Buchanan and James L. West.

    PubMed

    Brown, Douglas M

    2011-06-01

    This historical paper documents the unbroken legacy of the West family of chiropractors which has flourished in Canada for over 100 years. Part I, unearthed the origins, development and careers of Archibald West, the founder of this dynasty, his son Samuel and grandson Stephen. Part II, delves into the life of Archie's brother Samson, and Samson's chiropractic progeny: grandsons David and Neil, and great granddaughter Megan. Then it goes back to look at Stephen West's nephew, R. Ian Buchanan and ends with a descendant of another branch of the family tree, James L. West.

  19. Metabolites identification of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan in rat urine by UPLC coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Wang, Fenrong; Wu, Yun; Ai, Yu; Bian, Qiaoxia; Ma, Wen; Lee, David Y-W; Dai, Ronghua

    2016-03-01

    Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), a Chinese herbal formula, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the in vivo integrated metabolism of its multiple components remains unknown. In this paper, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed for detection and identification of HLXLD metabolites in rat urine at high and normal clinical dosages. The prototype constituents and their metabolites in urine were analyzed. The mass measurements were accurate within 8 ppm, and subsequent fragment ions offered higher quality structural information for interpretation of the fragmentation pathways of various compounds. A total of 85 compounds were detected in high dosages urine samples by a highly sensitive extracted ion chromatograms method, including 31 parent compounds and 54 metabolites. Our results indicated that phase 2 reactions (e.g. glucuronidation, glutathionidation and sulfation) were the main metabolic pathways of lactones, alkaloids and flavones, while phase I reactions (e.g. hydrogenation and hydroxylation) were the major metabolic reaction for coumarins, paeoniflorin and iridoids. This investigation provided important structural information on the metabolism of HLXLD and provided scientific evidence to obtain a more comprehensive metabolic profile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  20. The effects of sewage discharge on water quality and phytoplankton of Hawai'ian coastal waters.

    PubMed

    Parnell, P Ed

    2003-05-01

    The effects of sewage discharge on algal populations and the quality of Hawai'ian coastal waters were investigated. Two outfalls were studied. One discharges primary treated sewage and the other discharges secondary treated sewage but are otherwise similar. This enabled comparisons of the effects of these different levels of treatment on the water quality and algal productivity of receiving waters. Plumes were followed and repeatedly sampled in a time-series manner. Rhodamine dye was used as a conservative tracer to compare the dilution behavior of the plume constituents MRP, NO(3)+NO(2), NH(4), Silicate, TDP, TDN, total bacteria, PC, and PN. Rates of initial dilution ranged from two to almost three orders of magnitude, and were in reasonable agreement with engineering model predictions. Dilution of plume constituents approximated that of Rhodamine until background concentrations were reached, typically within 10 min of discharge. Chl a concentrations did not increase through time in the primary sewage plume but did increase up to 30% in the secondary sewage plume. However, rates of far-field dilution were so rapid that the increase could not have been due to algal growth. The increase was attributed to the plume mixing with a water mass whose relative chl a concentrations were greater. Rates of secondary dilution ranged from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude resulting in total dilutions of 10(5)-10(6) within 3 h of discharge. These rates of secondary dilution were much greater than model predictions. From a nutrient standpoint, secondary treatment exhibited no advantages over primary treatment because dilutions were so rapid. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.

  1. Arachidonic acid metabonomics study for understanding therapeutic mechanism of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan on rat model of rheumatoid arthritis.

    PubMed

    Wang, Nannan; Zhao, Xiaoning; Huai, Jiaxin; Li, Yiran; Cheng, Congcong; Bi, Kaishun; Dai, Ronghua

    2018-05-10

    Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of HLXLD on anti-inflammatory activity. A metabolomic approach based on UFLC-MS/MS to profile arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic changes was used. The cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) catalyzed metabolites in plasma were quantified on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the rats injected with Complete Freund's adjuvant and orally administrated with HLXLD, methotrexate and dexamethasone in parallel as the positive control drugs. Nineteen metabolites involved in COX and LOX pathways in RA model group were significant increased compared with normal group (P < 0.05), including 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 15-HETE, 8-HETE, leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), PGI 2 , PGD 2 , PGF 2α , thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ), etc. From day 7 to day 28, the trajectory direction of HLXLD group and positive control groups gradually moved towards the initial space, and the concentrations of AA and its metabolites after HLXLD treatment were significantly reduced in dual pathways compared to control groups. HLXLD induced a substantial change in the AA metabolic profiles through refrain the expression of COX and LOX. The present investigation also highlights that distinct ingredients of this formula tend to inhibit different target to achieve a therapeutic effect. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  2. Catherine Cesarsky elected President of the International Astronomical Union and Ian Corbett elected Assistant General Secretary

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2006-08-01

    The General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), meeting in Prague (Czech Republic), has elected the ESO Director General, Dr. Catherine Cesarsky, as President for a three-year period (2006-2009). The IAU is a body of distinguished professional astronomers, founded in 1919 to promote and safeguard the science of astronomy in all its aspects through international cooperation. It now has almost 10 000 individual members drawn from all continents. Dr. Cesarsky is the first woman to receive this high distinction. At the same General Assembly, Dr. Ian Corbett, ESO's Deputy Director General, was elected Assistant General Secretary for 2006-2009, with the expectation of becoming General Secretary in 2009-2012. ESO PR Photo 32/06 ESO PR Photo 32/06 The New IAU Officers Prof. Ron Ekers, the outgoing IAU President said: "The past few years have been highly productive for astronomy, with many discoveries giving new insights into our Universe which have excited scientists and general public alike. Catherine Cesarsky is internationally honoured as a scientist, and I am delighted that she has agreed to serve the IAU as President. She has already given invaluable service to the IAU and I am confident that she will provide outstanding leadership as President." "It is a great honour and a pleasure for me to be President of the International Astronomical Union for the next three years, especially in view of the proposed International Year of Astronomy in 2009, in which the IAU will play a leading role as a catalyst and a coordinator," said Catherine Cesarsky. "I am very much looking forward to working with my colleagues in the IAU to ensure that this is a great success." Dr. Cesarsky, ESO Director General since 1999, is known for her successful research activities in several central areas of modern astrophysics. She first worked on the theory of cosmic ray propagation and acceleration, and galactic gamma-ray emission. Later, she led the design and construction of

  3. Effect of Hua Yu Xiao Zheng decoction on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 in rats with endometriosis.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zhen-Zhen; Gong, Xin

    2017-12-01

    The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Hua Yu Xiao Zheng (HYXZ) decoction, on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model and to determine the possible underlying regulatory mechanisms. A total of 108 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (n=12) and endometriosis group (EM group; n=96), in which endometriosis was surgically induced in model rats by autotransplantation of endometrial tissues and 72 rats survived. After 3 weeks, the EM model rats were randomly divided into four subgroups (n=18), including the untreated model group, and three groups administered 7, 14 or 21 g/kg HYXZ decoction. Following 28 days of treatment, the associated proteins and genes of ectopic endometrial tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Compared with the model group, the size of the endometriotic implants decreased significantly in the HYXZ-treated groups. Furthermore, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were significantly decreased in HYXZ-treated groups compared with the model group. These results indicate that HYXZ affected the inhibition of angiogenesis and decreased the endometriotic implant volumes and histopathological scores. The effectiveness of HYXZ may be partially attributed to the decrease of VEGF and Ang-2 expression levels in the ectopic endometrium.

  4. Identification of the absorbed components and metabolites of modified Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan in rat plasma by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS.

    PubMed

    Wang, Nannan; Zhao, Xiaoning; Li, Yiran; Cheng, Congcong; Huai, Jiaxin; Bi, Kaishun; Dai, Ronghua

    2018-06-01

    To reveal the material basis of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), a sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was developed to identify the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of HLXLD. The plasma samples were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS C 18 column (75 × 3.0 mm, 2.2 μm) using a gradient elution program. With the optimized conditions and single sample injection of each positive or negative ion mode, a total of 109 compounds, including 78 prototype compounds and 31 metabolites, were identified or tentatively characterized. The fragmentation patterns of representative compounds were illustrated as well. The results indicated that aromatization and hydration were the main metabolic pathways of lactones and tanshinone-related metabolites; demethylation and oxidation were the major metabolic pathways of alkaloid-related compounds; methylation and sulfation were the main metabolic pathways of phenolic acid-related metabolites. It is concluded the developed UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method with high sensitivity and resolution is suitable for identifying and characterizing the absorbed components and metabolites of HLXLD, and the results will provide essential data for further studying the relationship between the chemical components and pharmacological activity of HLXLD. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  5. 3.0 Tesla MRI in the early evaluation of inferior alveolar nerve neurological complications after mandibular third molar extraction: a prospective study

    PubMed Central

    Pranno, N; Barchetti, F; Sorrentino, V; Lo Mele, L

    2014-01-01

    Objectives: To evaluate the use of 3.0 T MRI in the prognosis of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sensory disorders after mandibular third molar extraction, in the early post-operative period. Methods: 343 IANs were examined before and 3 days after surgery. Two radiologists evaluated the course of the nerve and the relative signal intensity (RSI). Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to evaluate the interobserver (k = 0.891) and intra-observer variability (ICC = 0.927; 0.914, respectively). The IANs were divided into four groups on the basis of neurosensory disorders recovery time. ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences among the RSIs of the four groups, and multiple comparisons were performed with Tukey's range test. Results: No differences in the course of IANs were found before and after surgery. In 280 IANs, no iatrogenic paraesthesia was found (Group A). 63 IANs showed a neurosensory impairment. 38 IANs showed recovery of post-operative paraesthesia at 3-month follow-up (Group B). 16 IANs showed a full recovery of iatrogenic paraesthesia at 6-month follow-up (Group C). Seven IANs displayed a full recovery at 12-month follow-up and two IANs showed persistence of neurosensory disorders at 18-month follow-up (Group D). The one-way ANOVA results indicated statistically significant difference among all groups (p < 0.05), except between Groups C and D (p = 0.504). Conclusions: The early evaluation of RSI values represents a valid tool to determine the prognosis of IAN sensory disorders after mandibular third molar extraction. PMID:24947977

  6. Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang shows preventive effect of asthma in an allergic asthma mouse model through neurotrophin regulation

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background This study investigates the effect of Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT) on neurotrophin in an established mouse model of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-induced acute allergic asthma and in a LA4 cell line model of lung adenoma. The effects of XQLT on the regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and immunoglobulin E were measured. Methods LA4 cells were stimulated with 100 μg/ml Der p 24 h and the supernatant was collected for ELISA analysis. Der p-stimulated LA4 cells with either XQLT pre-treatment or XQLT co-treatment were used to evaluate the XQLT effect on neurotrophin. Balb/c mice were sensitized on days 0 and 7 with a base-tail injection of 50 μg Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) that was emulsified in 50 μl incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). On day 14, mice received an intra-tracheal challenge of 50 μl Der p (2 mg/ml). XQLT (1g/Kg) was administered orally to mice either on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 as a preventive strategy or on day 15 as a therapeutic strategy. Results XQLT inhibited expression of those NGF, BDNF and thymus-and activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) in LA4 cells that were subjected to a Der p allergen. Both preventive and therapeutic treatments with XQLT in mice reduced AHR. Preventive treatment with XQLT markedly decreased NGF in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and BDNF in serum, whereas therapeutic treatment reduced only serum BDNF level. The reduced NGF levels corresponded to a decrease in AHR by XQLT treatment. Reduced BALF NGF and TARC and serum BDNF levels may have been responsible for decreased eosinophil infiltration into lung tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that p75NTR and TrkA levels were reduced in the lungs of mice under both XQLT treatment protocols, and this reduction may have been correlated with the prevention of the asthmatic reaction by XQLT. Conclusion XQLT alleviated allergic inflammation including AHR, Ig

  7. Room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) optimizes the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behavioural effects of traditional Xiao-Yao-San in mice

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) is a Chinese medicinal formula for treating anxiety and depression. This study aims to evaluate the use of a room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) to extract the major active components of XYS and enhance their psycho-pharmacological effects. Methods The neuroprotective roles of XYS/RTSES against reserpine-derived neurotoxicity were evaluated using a glial cell injury system (in vitro) and a depression-like C57BL/6 J mouse model (in vivo). The anxiolytic-behavioural effects were measured by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and the antidepressant effects were evaluated by the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were assayed by ELISA. The expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex was examined by western blotting. Results XYS/RTSES (300 μg/mL) diminished reserpine-induced glial cell death more effectively than either XYS (300 μg/mL) or fluoxetine (30 μM) at 24 h (P = 0.0481 and P = 0.054, respectively). Oral administration of XYS/RTSES (500 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive weeks significantly elevated the ratios of entries (open arms/closed arms; P = 0.0177) and shuttle activity (P = 0.00149) on the EPM test, and reduced the immobility time by 90% on the TST (P = 0.00000538) and FST (P = 0.0000053839). XYS/RTSES also improved the regulation of blood glucose (P = 0.0305) and increased the insulin sensitivity (P = 0.0093). The Western blot results indicated that the activation of cerebral 5-HT1A receptors may be involved in the mechanisms of XYS/RTSES actions. Conclusion The RTSES could provide a novel method for extracting effective anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like substances. XYS/RTSES improved the regulation of blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in reserpine-induced anxiety and depression. Neuroprotection of glial cells and activation of cerebral 5-HT1A receptors were also involved. PMID:23134744

  8. Accumulation of Arsenic Speciation and In Vivo Toxicity Following Oral Administration of a Chinese Patent Medicine Xiao-Er-Zhi-Bao-Wan in Rats

    PubMed Central

    Luo, Jiaoyang; Han, Xu; Dou, Xiaowen; Zhang, Lei; Yang, Shihai; Yang, Meihua

    2017-01-01

    Realgar-containing traditional Chinese medicines such as Xiao-Er-Zhi-Bao-Wan (XEZBW), have been widely used for thousands of years. However, events associated with arsenic-induced ailments have increasingly become a public concern. To address the toxicity of XEZBW, we studied the histopathology and blood biochemistry of rats exposed to XEZBW using technology like high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled mass spectrometry to determine arsenic speciation. Our results demonstrated that dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) increased from 18.57 ± 7.45 to 22.74 ± 7.45 ng/g in rat kidney after oral administration for 7 and 14 days, which was 10-fold higher than the levels observed in controls. Trivalent arsenite As(III) showed a large increase on day 7 (26.99 ± 1.98 ng/g), followed by a slight decrease on day 14 (13.67 ± 6.48 ng/g). Total arsenic levels on day 7 (185.52 ± 24.56 ng/g) and day 14 (198.57 ± 26.26 ng/g) were nearly twofold higher than that in the control group (92.77 ± 14.98 ng/g). Histopathological analysis showed mild injury in the liver and kidney of rats subjected to oral administration of realgar for 14 days. As in the XEZBW groups, a mild injury in these organs was observed after administration for 14 days. This study inferred that the toxicity of arsenic was concentration- and time-dependent. The accumulation of DMA, a byproduct of choline metabolism, was responsible for inducing higher toxicity. Therefore, we concluded that measuring the levels of DMA, instead of total arsenic, might be more suitable for evaluating the toxicity of realgar-containing traditional Chinese medicines. PMID:28790918

  9. Anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection after an inferior alveolar nerve block.

    PubMed

    Dunbar, D; Reader, A; Nist, R; Beck, M; Meyers, W J

    1996-09-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the intraosseous (IO) injection to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block in human first molars. Using a repeated-measures design, 40 subjects randomly received either a combination IAN block + IO injection (on the distal of the first molar) using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or an IAN block+mock IO injection (gingival penetration only) at two successive appointments. The first molar and adjacent teeth, and contralateral canine (+/-controls) were blindly tested with an Analytic Technology pulp tester at 2-min cycles for 60 min. An 80 reading was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. One hundred percent of the subjects had lip numbness with the IAN block. For the first molar, anesthetic success, defined as achieving an 80 reading within 15 min and keeping this reading for 60 min, was 42% with the IAN and 90% with the IAN + IO. Anesthetic failure defined as never achieving two 80 readings during the 60 min was 32% with the IAN and 0% with the IAN + IO. The onset of anesthesia was immediate with the IO injection. Eighty percent of the subjects sampled had a subjective increase in heart rate with the IO injection. The IO injection and postinjection questionnaire recorded low pain ratings.

  10. Fighting addiction's death row: British Columbia Supreme Court Justice Ian Pitfield shows a measure of legal courage

    PubMed Central

    2008-01-01

    The art in law, like medicine, is in its humanity. Nowhere is the humanity in law more poignant than in BC Supreme Court Justice Ian Pitfield's recent judgment in the legal case aimed at protecting North America's only supervised injection facility (SIF) as a healthcare program: PHS Community Services Society versus the Attorney General of Canada. In order to protect the SIF from politicization, the PHS Community Services Society, the community organization that established and operates the program, along with two people living with addiction and three lawyers working for free, pro bono publico, took the federal government of Canada to court. The courtroom struggle that ensued was akin to a battle between David and Goliath. The judge in the case, Justice Pitfield, ruled in favour of the PHS and gave the Government of Canada one year to bring the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) into compliance with the country's Charter of Rights and Freedoms. If parliament fails to do so, then the CDSA will evaporate from enforceability and law in June of 2009. Despite the fact that there are roughly twelve million intravenous drug addiction users in the world today, politics andprejudice oards harm reduction are still a barrier to the widespread application of the "best medicine" available for serious addicts. Nowhere is this clearer than in the opposition by conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper and his faithful servant, federal health minister Tony Clement, towards Vancouver's SIF ("Insite"). The continued angry politicization of addiction will only lead to the tragic loss of life, as addicts are condemned to death from infectious diseases (HIV & hepatitis) and preventable overdoses. In light of the established facts in science, medicine and now law, political opposition to life-saving population health programs (including SIFs) to address the effects of addiction is a kind of implicit capital punishment for the addicted. This commentary examines the socio

  11. Herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction of a traditional chinese medicine jia-wei-xiao-yao-san with 5-Fluorouracil in the blood and brain of rat using microdialysis.

    PubMed

    Chiang, Meng-Hsuan; Chang, Li-Wen; Wang, Ju-Wen; Lin, Lie-Chwen; Tsai, Tung-Hu

    2015-01-01

    According to a survey from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) is the most popular Chinese medicine for cancer patients in Taiwan. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a general anticancer drug for the chemotherapy. To investigate the herb-drug interaction of JWXYS on pharmacokinetics of 5-FU, a microdialysis technique coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to monitor 5-FU in rat blood and brain. Rats were divided into four parallel groups, one of which was treated with 5-FU (100 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and the remaining three groups were pretreated with a different dose of JWXYS (600, 1200, or 2400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) followed by a combination with 5-FU. This study demonstrates that 5-FU with JWXYS (600 mg/kg/day or 1200 mg/kg/day) has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in the blood and brain. However, JWXYS (2400 mg/kg/day) coadministered with 5-FU extends the elimination half-life and increases the volume of distribution of 5-FU in the blood. The elimination half-life of 5-FU in the brain for the pretreatment group with 2400 mg/kg/day of JWXYS is significantly longer than that for the group treated with 5-FU alone and also reduces the clearance. This study provides practical dosage information for clinical practice and proves the safety of 5-FU coadministered with JWXYS.

  12. Herb-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San with 5-Fluorouracil in the Blood and Brain of Rat Using Microdialysis

    PubMed Central

    Chiang, Meng-Hsuan; Chang, Li-Wen; Wang, Ju-Wen; Lin, Lie-Chwen; Tsai, Tung-Hu

    2015-01-01

    According to a survey from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) is the most popular Chinese medicine for cancer patients in Taiwan. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a general anticancer drug for the chemotherapy. To investigate the herb-drug interaction of JWXYS on pharmacokinetics of 5-FU, a microdialysis technique coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to monitor 5-FU in rat blood and brain. Rats were divided into four parallel groups, one of which was treated with 5-FU (100 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and the remaining three groups were pretreated with a different dose of JWXYS (600, 1200, or 2400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) followed by a combination with 5-FU. This study demonstrates that 5-FU with JWXYS (600 mg/kg/day or 1200 mg/kg/day) has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in the blood and brain. However, JWXYS (2400 mg/kg/day) coadministered with 5-FU extends the elimination half-life and increases the volume of distribution of 5-FU in the blood. The elimination half-life of 5-FU in the brain for the pretreatment group with 2400 mg/kg/day of JWXYS is significantly longer than that for the group treated with 5-FU alone and also reduces the clearance. This study provides practical dosage information for clinical practice and proves the safety of 5-FU coadministered with JWXYS. PMID:25861367

  13. Pharmacokinetic comparison of five tanshinones in normal and arthritic rats after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan or its single herb extract by UPLC-MS/MS.

    PubMed

    Ma, Wen; Peng, Yan; Wang, Weihui; Bian, Qiaoxia; Wang, Nannan; Lee, David Y-W; Dai, Ronghua

    2016-10-01

    A fast, sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation and pharmacokinetic study of five tanshinones (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone), the bio-active ingredients of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD) in rat plasma. After liquid-liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (75 × 3.0 mm, 2.2 µm particles) and eluted with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05% formic acid aqueous solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, and the total run time was 7.0 min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification were 0.050-0.400 ng/mL for all the analytes. Linearity, precision and accuracy, the mean extraction recoveries and matrix effects all satisfied criteria for acceptance. This validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of five bio-active components in rat plasma after oral administration of HLXLD or Salvia miltiorrhiza extract in normal and arthritic rats. The results showed that there were different pharmacokinetic characteristics among different groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  14. The immune-regulating effect of Xiao'er Qixingcha in constipated mice induced by high-heat and high-protein diet.

    PubMed

    Qu, Chang; Yang, Guang-Hua; Zheng, Rong-Bo; Yu, Xiu-Ting; Peng, Shao-Zhong; Xie, Jian-Hui; Chen, Jian-Nan; Wang, Xiu-Fen; Su, Zi-Ren; Zhang, Xiao-Jun

    2017-03-31

    Xiao'er Qixingcha (EXQ) has been extensively applied to relieve dyspepsia and constipation in children for hundreds of years in China. However, the therapeutic mechanism underlying its efficacy remained to be defined. The present study aimed to clarify the possible laxative and immune-regulating effects of EXQ on two models of experimental constipation in mice, which mimicked the pediatric constipation caused by high-heat and high-protein diet (HHPD). The two models of constipated mice were induced by HHPD or HHPD + atropine respectively. To investigate the laxative and immune-regulating activities of EXQ, animals were treated with three doses of EXQ (0.75, 1.5 and 3 g/kg) for 7 consecutive days. The fecal output parameters (number and weight), weight of intestinal content and, the thymus and spleen indexes were measured. The levels of sIgA, IL-10, TNF-α and LPS in colon and serum were determined by ELISA. Furthermore, the pathological changes of colon tissue were examined after routine H&E staining. Both HHPD and HHPD + atropine treatments obviously inhibited the fecal output and reduced the colonic sIgA, prominently increased the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in colonic tissue and elevated the contents of LPS in serum and colonic tissues. In contrast, oral administration of EXQ significantly improved the feces characters and dose-dependently decreased the intestinal changes in both models. In HHPD model test, EXQ efficaciously boosted the sIgA level in a dose-dependent manner, significantly elicited decreases in TNF-α and IL-10 levels, and evidently decreased the spleen and thymus indexes. In HHPD + atropine model test, EXQ treatment reversed the pathological changes by not only dramatically decreasing the spleen index and the levels of LPS and IL-10, but also markedly elevating the thymus index. Furthermore, microscopic observation revealed that EXQ treatment maintained the integrity of colonic mucosa, and protected the colonic tissues from inflammation in the

  15. Reflective Learning in Practice.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brockbank, Anne, Ed.; McGill, Ian, Ed.; Beech, Nic, Ed.

    This book contains 22 papers on reflective learning in practice. The following papers are included: "Our Purpose" (Ann Brockbank, Ian McGill, Nic Beech); "The Nature and Context of Learning" (Ann Brockbank, Ian McGill, Nic Beech); "Reflective Learning and Organizations" (Ann Brockbank, Ian McGill, Nic Beech);…

  16. JiangTang XiaoKe granule attenuates cathepsin K expression and improves IGF-1 expression in the bone of high fat diet induced KK-Ay diabetic mice.

    PubMed

    Guo, Yubo; Wang, Lili; Ma, Rufeng; Mu, Qianqian; Yu, Na; Zhang, Yi; Tang, Yuqing; Li, Yu; Jiang, Guangjian; Zhao, Dandan; Mo, Fangfang; Gao, Sihua; Yang, Meijuan; Kan, Feifei; Ma, Qun; Fu, Min; Zhang, Dongwei

    2016-03-01

    To assess the beneficial effects of JiangTang XiaoKe (JTXK) granule on the bone metabolism in high fat diet (HFD) fed KK-Ay diabetic mice. The KK-Ay mice were used as a diabetic model, while C57BL/6 mice were utilized as the non-diabetic control. The left tibia was used for determining bone mineral density (BMD) and bone ash coefficient. The HE and alizarin red S staining of femur were employed to evaluate bone pathology and calcium deposition. The expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and cathepsin K were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. JTXK granule significantly improved the bone ash coefficient, the distribution of trabecular bone and the calcification nodules deposition in KK-Ay mice with diabetes. IGF-1 and ALP expressions were significantly decreased, and cathepsin K expression was dramatically increased in the HFD fed KK-Ay diabetic model mice, which can be reversed by JTXK granule treatment. JTXK granule at medium or high dosage was more efficient in improving diabetic bone quality when compared with that in mice with a low dosage. However, the BMD values in each group of KK-Ay diabetic mice were not significantly different. We demonstrate that cathepsin K expression is increased in KK-Ay diabetic mouse model. JTXK granule treatment inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and promotes the new bone formation by decreasing cathepsin K activity and increasing IGF-1 and ALP levels. These changes may contribute to the increase of bone strength and thus reducing the risk of bone fractures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. [Correlations between standing trees trunk decay degree and soil physical-chemical properties in Korean pine-broadleaved mixed forest in Xiao Xing'an Mountains of Northeast China].

    PubMed

    Sun, Tian-Yong; Wang, Li-Hai; Sun, Mo-Long

    2013-07-01

    Standing trees decay often causes vast loss of timber resources. To investigate the correlations between the standing trees decay and the site conditions is of importance to scientifically and reasonably manage forests and to decrease wood resources loss. By using Resistograph and meter ruler, a measurement was made on the decay degree of the trunk near root and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of 15 mature Korean pine standing trees in a Korean pine-broadleaved mixed forest in Xiao Xing' an Mountains in May, 2011. In the meantime, soil samples were collected from the root zones of standing trees and the upslope and downslope 5 meters away from the trunks, respectively. Five physical-chemical properties including moisture content, bulk density, total porosity, pH value, and organic matter content of the soil samples were tested. The regression equations concerning the trunk decay degree of the standing trees, their DBH, and the 5 soil properties were established. The results showed that the trunk decay degree of the mature Korean pine standing trees had higher correlations with the bulk density, total porosity, pH value, and organic matter content (R = 0.687), and significant positive correlation with the moisture content (R = 0.507) of the soils at the root zones of standing trees, but less correlation with the 5 properties of the soils at both upslope and downslope 5 meters away from the trunks. The trunk decay degree was decreased when the soil moisture content was below 18.4%. No significant correlation was observed between the trunk decay degree of mature Korean pine standing trees and the tree age.

  18. Anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin.

    PubMed

    Guglielmo, A; Reader, A; Nist, R; Beck, M; Weaver, J

    1999-03-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of a supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin. Through use of a repeated-measures design, 40 subjects randomly received 3 combinations of injections at 3 separate appointments. The combinations were as follows: inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block (with 3% mepivacaine) + intraosseous injection of 1.8 mL of 2% mepivacaine with 1:20,000 levonordefrin; IAN block + intraosseous injection of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (positive control); IAN block + mock intraosseous injection (negative control). Each first molar, second molar, and second premolar was blindly tested with a pulp tester at 2-minute cycles for 60 minutes after injection. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive readings of 80 were obtained. Heart rate (pulse rate) was measured with a pulse oximeter. One hundred percent of the subjects had lip numbness with the IAN block + intraosseous mock technique and IAN block + intraosseous techniques. The anesthetic success rates for IAN block + mock intraosseous injection, IAN block + intraosseous lidocaine, and IAN block + intraosseous mepivacaine, respectively, were as follows: 80%, 100%, and 100% for the first molar; 90%, 100%, and 100% for the second molar; 77%, 97%, and 97% for the second premolar. For the first molar and second premolar, the differences were significant (P< .05) when the intraosseous mepivacaine and lidocaine techniques were compared with the IAN block + mock intraosseous injection. There were no significant differences between the intraosseous mepivacaine and lidocaine techniques. Eighty percent of the subjects had a mean increase in heart rate of 23-24 beats per minute with the intraosseous injection of the mepivacaine and lidocaine solutions; there were no significant differences between results with the 2 solutions. We concluded that intraosseous injection of 1.8 mL of 2

  19. Is endodontic treatment necessary during coronectomy procedure?

    PubMed

    Sencimen, Metin; Ortakoglu, Kerim; Aydin, Cumhur; Aydintug, Yavuz S; Ozyigit, Aykut; Ozen, Tuncer; Gunaydin, Yilmaz

    2010-10-01

    Close proximity of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) to the third molar roots can result in nerve injuries during extraction of third molars. Consequently, it is necessary to determine the relationship of the nerve and roots to avoid damage to the IAN. Computed tomography scans are widely used to determine the correct relationship between the IAN and lower third molars. The study consisted of 10 patients with 16 lower third molars in close relationship with the IAN who were divided into a study group and a control group. The patients in the study group were treated via coronectomies performed with endodontic treatments. The patients in the control group underwent coronectomies without endodontic treatment. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year. We had to extract 7 of the roots because of the infection in 8 patients belonging to the study group, which were treated endodontically. Moreover, there were 3 cases of IAN damage because of the extraction in the study group. However, in the control group, no infection was determined and IAN damage was absent. Coronectomy appears to be a reliable technique to protect the IAN from damage. This procedure has a low incidence of complications. Endodontic treatment does not affect the success of this method according to our results. Copyright © 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Comparison of anesthetic efficacy between lidocaine with and without magnesium sulfate USP 50% for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

    PubMed

    Shetty, Krishna Prasad; Satish, Sarvepalli Venkata; Kilaru, Krishna Rao; Sardar, Poonam; Luke, Alexander M

    2015-04-01

    The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy between lidocaine with and without magnesium sulfate USP 50% for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. One hundred patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular posterior teeth were selected for the study. The patients received 1 mL magnesium sulfate USP 50% or distilled water (placebo) 1 hour before administration of conventional IAN block. Endodontic access cavity preparation was initiated 15 minutes after the IAN block injection. Lip numbness was recorded for all the patients. Success of IAN block was defined as no or mild pain on the visual analogue scale during access cavity preparation and initial instrumentation. The success rate for the IAN block was 58% for magnesium sulfate group and 32% for the placebo group, with statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .016). In mandibular posterior teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, preoperative administration of 1 mL magnesium sulfate USP 50% resulted in statistically significant increase in success of IAN block compared with placebo. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Longitudinal Treatment Outcomes of Microsurgical Treatment of Neurosensory Deficit after Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Prospective Case Series.

    PubMed

    Leung, Yiu Yan; Cheung, Lim Kwong

    2016-01-01

    To prospectively evaluate the longitudinal subjective and objective outcomes of the microsurgical treatment of lingual nerve (LN) and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury after third molar surgery. A 1-year longitudinal observational study was conducted on patients who received LN or IAN repair after third molar surgery-induced nerve injury. Subjective assessments ("numbness", "hyperaesthesia", "pain", "taste disturbance", "speech" and "social life impact") and objective assessments (light touch threshold, two-point discrimination, pain threshold, and taste discrimination) were recorded. 12 patients (10 females) with 10 LN and 2 IAN repairs were recruited. The subjective outcomes at post-operative 12 months for LN and IAN repair were improved. "Pain" and "hyperaesthesia" were most drastically improved. Light touch threshold improved from 44.7 g to 1.2 g for LN repair and 2 g to 0.5 g for IAN repair. Microsurgical treatment of moderate to severe LN injury after lower third molar surgery offered significant subjective and objective sensory improvements. 100% FSR was achieved at post-operative 6 months.

  2. Intrinsically active and pacemaker neurons in pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal populations.

    PubMed

    Illes, Sebastian; Jakab, Martin; Beyer, Felix; Gelfert, Renate; Couillard-Despres, Sébastien; Schnitzler, Alfons; Ritter, Markus; Aigner, Ludwig

    2014-03-11

    Neurons generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) self-organize into functional neuronal assemblies in vitro, generating synchronous network activities. Intriguingly, PSC-derived neuronal assemblies develop spontaneous activities that are independent of external stimulation, suggesting the presence of thus far undetected intrinsically active neurons (IANs). Here, by using mouse embryonic stem cells, we provide evidence for the existence of IANs in PSC-neuronal networks based on extracellular multielectrode array and intracellular patch-clamp recordings. IANs remain active after pharmacological inhibition of fast synaptic communication and possess intrinsic mechanisms required for autonomous neuronal activity. PSC-derived IANs are functionally integrated in PSC-neuronal populations, contribute to synchronous network bursting, and exhibit pacemaker properties. The intrinsic activity and pacemaker properties of the neuronal subpopulation identified herein may be particularly relevant for interventions involving transplantation of neural tissues. IANs may be a key element in the regulation of the functional activity of grafted as well as preexisting host neuronal networks.

  3. Intrinsically Active and Pacemaker Neurons in Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Populations

    PubMed Central

    Illes, Sebastian; Jakab, Martin; Beyer, Felix; Gelfert, Renate; Couillard-Despres, Sébastien; Schnitzler, Alfons; Ritter, Markus; Aigner, Ludwig

    2014-01-01

    Summary Neurons generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) self-organize into functional neuronal assemblies in vitro, generating synchronous network activities. Intriguingly, PSC-derived neuronal assemblies develop spontaneous activities that are independent of external stimulation, suggesting the presence of thus far undetected intrinsically active neurons (IANs). Here, by using mouse embryonic stem cells, we provide evidence for the existence of IANs in PSC-neuronal networks based on extracellular multielectrode array and intracellular patch-clamp recordings. IANs remain active after pharmacological inhibition of fast synaptic communication and possess intrinsic mechanisms required for autonomous neuronal activity. PSC-derived IANs are functionally integrated in PSC-neuronal populations, contribute to synchronous network bursting, and exhibit pacemaker properties. The intrinsic activity and pacemaker properties of the neuronal subpopulation identified herein may be particularly relevant for interventions involving transplantation of neural tissues. IANs may be a key element in the regulation of the functional activity of grafted as well as preexisting host neuronal networks. PMID:24672755

  4. Third Generation Gangs Revisited: The Iraq Insurgency

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-09-01

    9 Ian F.W. Beckett , Modern Insurgencies and Counter-insurgencies (London: Routledge, 2001), 70. 10 Ibid, 74. 11 Steven Metz and Raymond Millen...Intensity Conflict,” RAND Corporation (Santa Monica, CA, 1991), 34. 15 Ibid, 21. 16 Ibid, 13. 17 Ian F.W. Beckett , Modern Insurgencies and Counter...Argentina’s Lost Patrol (Yale University Press, 1995), 84. 25 Ian F.W. Beckett , Modern Insurgencies and Counter-insurgencies (London: Routledge, 2001

  5. Anesthetic efficacy of a repeated intraosseous injection given 30 min following an inferior alveolar nerve block/intraosseous injection.

    PubMed

    Reitz, J; Reader, A; Nist, R; Beck, M; Meyers, W J

    1998-01-01

    To determine whether a repeated intraosseous (IO) injection would increase or prolong pulpal anesthesia, we measured the degree of anesthesia obtained by a repeated IO injection given 30 min following a combination inferior alveolar nerve block/intraosseous injection (IAN/IO) in mandibular second premolars and in first and second molars. Using a repeated-measures design, we randomly assigned 38 subjects to receive two combinations of injections at two separate appointments. The combinations were an IAN/IO injection followed approximately 30 min later by another IO injection of 0.9 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and a combination IAN/IO injection followed approximately 30 min later by a mock IO injection. The second premolar, first molar, and second molar were blindly tested with an Analytic Technology pulp tester at 2-min cycles for 120 min postinjection. Anesthesia was considered successful when two consecutive readings of 80 were obtained. One hundred percent of the subjects had lip numbness with IAN/IO and with IAN/IO plus repeated IO techniques. Rates of anesthetic success for the IAN/IO and for the IAN/IO plus repeated IO injection, respectively, were 100% and 97% for the second premolar, 95% and 95% for the first molar, and 87% and 87% for the second molar. The repeated IO injection increased pulpal anesthesia for approximately 14 min in the second premolar and for 6 min in the first molar, but no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were shown. In conclusion, the repeated IO injection of 0.9 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine given 30 min following a combination IAN/IO injection did not significantly increase pulpal anesthesia in mandibular second premolars or in first and second molars.

  6. Local vs general anaesthesia in the development of neurosensory disturbances after mandibular third molars extraction: A retrospective study of 534 cases.

    PubMed

    Costantinides, F; Biasotto, M; Maglione, M; Di Lenarda, R

    2016-11-01

    The choice of the anaesthetic modality is one of the primary steps during planning of third molar surgery. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of developing neurological injures of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) in patients treated for wisdom teeth removal under general anaesthesia (GA) with a group treated under local anaesthesia (LA). This is an observational retrospective, unicentric study; between September 2013 and September 2014, 534 patients underwent third molar surgery, 194 (36,3%) under GA and 340 (63,7%) under LA by the same oral surgeon. Difference in the incidence of IAN and LN injures between groups have been statistically analyzed with Fisher exact test and estimated odd ratio for development of such complications has been calculated. In GA patients the incidence of IAN and LN injures was 4.6% and 2.1%, respectively while in the LA group it was and 0.3% and 0%, respectively. A significant difference in IAN and LN involvement between groups was observed (IAN lesion: Fisher exact test, p<0.001; LN lesions: Fisher exact test, p<0.05). The estimated odd ratio for development of IAN injures after GA was 16.49 (95% CI: 2.07-131.19) and was not calculable for LN injures because no cases were observed in the LA group. Since GA is a perioperative variable that seems to significantly increase the risk of developing IAN and LN lesions, when treating patients that request GA, they must be adequately informed that an higher incidence of post-surgical sensory disturbances is expected.

  7. Virtual Surgical Planning for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Reconstruction.

    PubMed

    Miloro, Michael; Markiewicz, Michael R

    2017-11-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes after preoperative virtual surgical planning (VSP) for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) reconstruction in ablative mandibular surgery. We performed a retrospective evaluation of consecutive surgical cases using standard VSP for hard tissue resection and reconstructive surgery in addition to IAN VSP performed simultaneously during surgery. Cases were assessed regarding the planning time, additional costs involved, surgeon's subjective impression of the process, accuracy of the prediction during surgery, and operative time during surgery compared with cases performed without VSP. The study sample was composed of 5 cases of mandibular resection for benign disease, with bony, soft tissue, and neural reconstruction with the use of VSP. The addition of IAN reconstruction to the VSP session added no additional expense to the planning session but resulted in an additional 22.5 minutes (±7.5 minutes) for the webinar session. From a subjective standpoint, IAN VSP provided the surgeon with a discreet plan for surgery. From an objective standpoint, IAN VSP provided the exact length and diameter of nerve graft required for surgery, facilitated the surgeon's ability to visualize the actual nerve graft procedure, and limited the additional time required for simultaneous nerve reconstruction. Despite perceived prejudice against simultaneous IAN reconstruction with complex mandibular resection and reconstruction, the use of IAN VSP may facilitate the actual surgical procedure and result in considerably improved patient outcomes without considerable additional time or cost associated with this protocol. Copyright © 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Treated With Tamoxifen.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jiun-Liang; Chang, Chun-Ju; Wang, Jir-You; Wen, Che-Sheng; Tseng, Ling-Ming; Chang, Wen-Chi; Noomhorm, Nattanant; Liu, Hui-Ju; Chen, Wei-Shone; Chiu, Jen-Hwey; Shyr, Yi-Ming

    2014-05-01

    There is epidemiological evidence that Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) is the most common Chinese medicine decoction coprescribed with tamoxifen (Tam) when breast cancer is treated by hormonal therapy. However, whether there is interaction between JWXYS and Tam remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of JWXYS on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with Tam. In vitro cultured MCF-7 cells were cotreated with JWXYS and Tam. This was followed by MTT ([4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl]- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and cell cycle analysis to assess cell proliferation; Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of various proteins involved in growth-related signal pathways. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect autophagy among the cancer cells. In vivo analysis used female athymic nude mice implanted with MCF-7 cells; these mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups. All mice were killed humanely after 21 days of treatment; body weight, tumor volume, and tumor weight were then measured. JWXYS was not cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells, based on the fact that there were no statistically significant changes between the JWXYS + Tam groups and the Tam-alone group in cell numbers, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation signals, the latter including the expression levels of AKT, ERK, P38, p27(Kip1), and light chain (LC3)-I, II. Furthermore, using the MCF-7 xenograft mouse model, there were no significant changes between the JWXYS (1.3-3.9 gm/kg) + Tam groups and the Tam-alone group in terms of tumor weight and the protein expression levels of AKT, ERK, P38, and p27 (Kip1). However, there was a significant decrease in LC3-II protein expression with the low-dose JWXYS + Tam group but not with the middle- or high-dose JWXYS + Tam groups compared with the Tam-alone group. Based on in vitro studies and in vivo functional studies, there is no obvious interaction between JWXYS and Tam. However

  9. A hydrophobic hole transporting system to improve moisture stability of perovskite solar cells (Conference Presentation)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiao, Lixin

    2016-09-01

    Non-ion additive hole-transporting material (HTM) of hydrophobic oligothiophene derivative named DR3TBDTT and triphenylamine derivative of N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-N,N-diphenyl-4,4-diaminobiphenyl (TPD) were used for the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) was comparable to the device using Li-TFSI doped spiro-MeOTAD. Moreover, the PCE decreases by only 10% after approximately 1000 h without encapsulation, which suggests an alternative method to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells[1-3 ]. Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the energy diagram of the device without lithium salts REFERENCES [1] Zheng, L.; Ma, Y.; Chu, S.; Wang, S.; Qu, B.; Xiao, L.; Chen, Z.;Gong, Q.; Wu, Z.; Hou, X. Nanoscale 6, 8171-8176 (2014). [2] Zheng Lingling, Chung Yao-Hsien, Ma Yingzhuang, Zhang Lipei, Xiao Lixin, Chen Zhijian, Wang Shufeng, Qu Bo and Gong Qihuang, Chem. Commun. 50, 11196-11199 (2014). [3] Ma Yingzhuang, Chung Yao-Hsien, Zheng Lingling, Zhang Danfei, Yu Xiao, Xiao Lixin, Chen Zhijian, Wang Shufeng, Qu Bo, Gong Qihuang, and Zou Dechun, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (12), 6406-6411 (2015)

  10. Evidence-based outcomes following inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury and repair: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Kushnerev, E; Yates, J M

    2015-10-01

    The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual (LN) are susceptible to iatrogenic surgical damage. Systematically review recent clinical evidence regarding IAN/LN repair methods and to develop updated guidelines for managing injury. Recent publications on IAN/LN microsurgical repair from Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were screened by title/abstract. Main texts were appraised for exclusion criteria: no treatment performed or results provided, poor/lacking procedural description, cohort <3 patients. Of 366 retrieved papers, 27 were suitable for final analysis. Treatment type for injured IANs/LNs depended on injury type, injury timing, neurosensory disturbances and intra-operative findings. Best functional nerve recovery occurred after direct apposition and suturing if nerve ending gaps were <10 mm; larger gaps required nerve grafting (sural/greater auricular nerve). Timing of microneurosurgical repair after injury remains debated. Most authors recommend surgery when neurosensory deficit shows no improvement 90 days post-diagnosis. Nerve transection diagnosed intra-operatively should be repaired in situ; minor nerve injury repair can be delayed. No consensus exists regarding optimal methods and timing for IAN/LN repair. We suggest a schematic guideline for treating IAN/LN injury, based on the most current evidence. We acknowledge that additional RCTs are required to provide definitive confirmation of optimal treatment approaches. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. Combined preoperative measurement of three inferior alveolar canal factors using computed tomography predicts the risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury during lower third molar extraction.

    PubMed

    Tachinami, H; Tomihara, K; Fujiwara, K; Nakamori, K; Noguchi, M

    2017-11-01

    A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess the clinical usefulness of combination assessment using computed tomography (CT) images in patients undergoing third molar extraction. This study included 85 patients (124 extraction sites). The relationship between cortication status, buccolingual position, and shape of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) on CT images and the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury after third molar extraction was evaluated. IAN injury was observed at eight of the 124 sites (6.5%), and in five of 19 sites (26.3%) in which cortication was absent+the IAC had a lingual position+the IAC had a dumbbell shape. Significant relationships were found between IAN injury and the three IAC factors (cortication status, IAC position, and IAC shape; P=0.0001). In patients with the three IAC factors, logistic regression analysis indicated a strong association between these factors and IAN injury (P=0.007). An absence of cortication, a lingually positioned IAC, and a dumbbell-shaped IAC are considered to indicate a high risk of IAN injury according to the logistic regression analysis (P=0.007). These results suggest that a combined assessment of these three IAC factors could be useful for the improved prediction of IAN injury. Copyright © 2017 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. The role of intraoperative positioning of the inferior alveolar nerve on postoperative paresthesia after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible: prospective clinical study.

    PubMed

    Hanzelka, T; Foltán, R; Pavlíková, G; Horká, E; Sedý, J

    2011-09-01

    Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) aims to correct congenital or acquired mandibular abnormities. Temporary or permanent neurosensory disturbance is the most frequent complication of BSSO. To evaluate the influence of IAN handling during osteotomy, the authors undertook a prospective study in 290 patients who underwent BSSO. The occurrence and duration of paresthesia was evaluated 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Paresthesia developed immediately after surgery in almost half of the patients. Most cases of paresthesia resolved within 1 year after surgery. A significantly higher prevalence of paresthesia was observed on the left side. The authors found a correlation between the type of IAN position between the left and right side. The type of split (and IAN exposure) did not have a significant effect on the occurrence or duration of neurosensory disturbance of the IAN. The authors did not find a correlation between the occurrence and duration of paresthesia and the direction of BSSO. Mandibular hypoplasia or mandibular progenia did not represent a predisposition for the development of paresthesia. In the development of IAN paresthesia, the type of IAN exposure and the split is less important than the side on which the split is carried out. Copyright © 2011 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Effect of nitrous oxide on the efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

    PubMed

    Stanley, William; Drum, Melissa; Nusstein, John; Reader, Al; Beck, Mike

    2012-05-01

    The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block does not always result in successful pulpal anesthesia. Anesthetic success rates might be affected by increased anxiety. Nitrous oxide has been shown to have both anxiolytic and analgesic properties. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the effect of nitrous oxide on the anesthetic success of the IAN block in patients experiencing symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. One hundred emergency patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth were enrolled in this study. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive an inhalation regimen of nitrous oxide/oxygen mix or room air/oxygen mix (placebo) 5 minutes before the administration of the IAN block. Endodontic access was begun 15 minutes after completion of the IAN block, and all patients had profound lip numbness. Success was defined as no or mild pain (visual analog scale recordings) on access or instrumentation. The success rate for the IAN block was 50% for the nitrous oxide group and 28% for the placebo group. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .024). For mandibular teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, administration of 30%-50% nitrous oxide resulted in a statistically significant increase in the success of the IAN block compared with room air/oxygen. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Powder Metallurgy Processing of High-Strength FeCo Alloys (Preprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-09-01

    Basu, R.-Hai Yu, J. Q. Xiao, A. Parvizi- Majidi , J. Mat. Sci. 36 (2001) 1451 5. E.P. George, A.N. Gubbi, I. Baker, L. Robertson, Mater. Sci. and Eng...A329–331 (2002) 325 6. R. H. Yu, S. Basu, L. Ren, Y. Zhang, A. Parvizi- Majidi , K. M. Unruh, and J. Q. Xiao, IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, (2000) 3388 7. T

  15. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of five phthalides in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan and herb-pair extract.

    PubMed

    Ma, Wen; Wang, Weihui; Peng, Yan; Bian, Qiaoxia; Wang, Nannan; Lee, David Y-W; Dai, Ronghua

    2016-06-01

    A fast, sensitive, and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation and pharmacokinetic study of five phthalides (senkyunolide A, ligustilide, butylidenephthalide, 3-butylphthalide, and levistilide A) in rat plasma after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD) or Angelica sinensis--Ligusticum chuanxiong herb pair (DG-CX) between normal and arthritis rats. After extraction from blood, the analytes and internal standard were subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (75 × 3.0 mm(2) , 2.2 μm particles) and mobile phase was composed of methanol and water (containing 0.05% formic acid) under gradient elution conditions, with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification were 0.192-0.800 ng/mL for all the analytes. Satisfactory linearity, precision, accuracy, mean extraction recovery, and acceptable matrix effect have been achieved. The validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of five bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of HLXLD or DG-CX alone, respectively, between normal and arthritic rats. The results showed that there were unlike characters of pharmacokinetics among different groups. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. Report on PDF Models for Turbulence Chemistry Interaction

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-03-01

    significantly within the flowfield (like rocket plumes or scramjet combustors). For multi-species flows turbulence can increase the apparent mass...Variable Turbulent Schmidt-Number Formulation for Scramjet Applications, AIAA Journal, 44(3), 593–599. [12] Xiao, X., Hassan, H.A., and Baurle, R.A...2006), Modeling Scramjet Flows with Variable Turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt Numbers. AIAA Paper 2006-128. [13] Xiao, X., Hassan, H.A., and Baurle, R.A

  17. New Advances in Molecular Therapy for Muscle Repair after Diseases and Injuries

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-01-01

    cell–based therapies by members of the broader scientific community . MicroCT Core Dr. A. Usas operates vivaCT 40 (Scanco Medical) imaging system that... communication . Project # 5 Final Report** Inhibiting cell death and promoting muscle growth for congenital muscular dystrophy (Xiao Xiao) **Note that...anticipate that these results can be generalized to the treatment of other genetic and acquired causes of muscle wasting. We produced multiple AAV8

  18. Early Support of Intracranial Perfusion

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-10-01

    products to be thawed or otherwise processed to supply coagulation factors such as plasma and platelets in near equivalence with red cells. 8 During...Can pre-hospital patient VS predict injury and intervention? Hu P, Mackenzie C, Dutton R, Sen A, Floccare D, Bochicchio G, Xiao Y, Spearman J...GV, Bochicchio K, Xiao Y, Spearman J, Scalea T. American Telemedicine Association Annual meeting, April, 2008 Challenges in developing real-time

  19. Local vs general anaesthesia in the development of neurosensory disturbances after mandibular third molars extraction: A retrospective study of 534 cases

    PubMed Central

    Biasotto, Matteo; Maglione, Michele; Di Lenarda, Roberto

    2016-01-01

    Background The choice of the anaesthetic modality is one of the primary steps during planning of third molar surgery. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of developing neurological injures of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) in patients treated for wisdom teeth removal under general anaesthesia (GA) with a group treated under local anaesthesia (LA). Material and Methods This is an observational retrospective, unicentric study; between September 2013 and September 2014, 534 patients underwent third molar surgery, 194 (36,3%) under GA and 340 (63,7%) under LA by the same oral surgeon. Differences in the incidence of IAN and LN injures between groups have been statistically analyzed with Fisher exact test and estimated odd ratio for development of such complications has been calculated. Results In GA patients the incidence of IAN and LN injures was 4.6% and 2.1%, respectively while in the LA group it was and 0.3% and 0%, respectively. A significant difference in IAN and LN involvement between groups was observed (IAN lesion: Fisher exact test, p<0.001; LN lesions: Fisher exact test, p<0.05). The estimated odd ratio for development of IAN injures after GA was 16.49 (95% CI: 2.07-131.19) and was not calculable for LN injures because no cases were observed in the LA group. Conclusions Since GA is a perioperative variable that seems to significantly increase the risk of developing IAN and LN lesions, when treating patients that request GA, they must be adequately informed that an higher incidence of post-surgical sensory disturbances is expected. Key words:Third molars, general anaesthesia, local anaesthesia, inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve. PMID:27694783

  20. Quantitative pixel grey measurement of the "high-risk" sign, darkening of third molar roots: a pilot study.

    PubMed

    Szalma, J; Bata, Z; Lempel, E; Jeges, S; Olasz, L

    2013-01-01

    Our aim was to examine the panoramic darkening of the root, which is a "high-risk" sign, using quantitative measurements of pixel grey values to determine different aetiological backgrounds, namely inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) exposure with or without groove formation of the third molar roots or thinning/fenestration of the lingual cortex (LCTF). 38 impacted third molars that had been surgically removed and had darkened roots on panoramic radiographs were included in this retrospective case-control study. 15 IAN exposure cases were selected for the case group, and 23 cases with proven lingual cortical thinning or fenestration were chosen for the control group. The mean pixel grey values of selected areas in the dark band (D) and control areas within the same roots (R) were determined with the ImageTool (University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX) software. The differences in pixel values (R-D) of the IAN and LCTF groups were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson's χ(2) test. The medians of the R-D pixel values were 45.7 in the IAN group and 34.3 in the LCTF group, whereas the interquartile ranges were 12.0 (IAN) and 18.3 (LCTF) (p < 0.001). The R-D critical value at which the outcomes differed significantly was 38. If the differences in pixel grey values (R-D) were higher than 38, the chance of IAN exposure was approximately 32 times higher than the chance of LCTF (χ(2) test, p < 0.001; odds ratio, 32.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.5-293.1). The pre-operative prediction of IAN exposure or lingual cortical thinning in cases with "darkening" is possible based on pixel grey measurements of digital panoramic radiographs.

  1. Microstructural and ultrastructural assessment of inferior alveolar nerve damage following nerve lateralization and implant placement: an experimental study in rabbits.

    PubMed

    Yoshimoto, Marcelo; Watanabe, Il-sei; Martins, Marília T; Salles, Marcos B; Ten Eyck, Gary R; Coelho, Paulo G

    2009-01-01

    The present study assessed damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) following nerve lateralization and implant placement surgery through optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IAN lateralization was performed in 16 adult female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). During the nerve lateralization procedure, one implant was placed through the mandibular canal, and the IAN was replaced in direct contact with the implant. The implant was placed in the right mandible, and the left side was used as a control (no surgical procedure). After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and samples were prepared for optical and TEM analysis of IAN structural damage. Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the number and cross-sectional dimensions of nerve fascicles and myelin sheath thickness between experimental and control groups. The different parameters were compared by one-way analysis of variance at the 95% significance level. Alterations in the perineural and endoneural regions of the IAN, with higher degrees of vascularization, were observed in the experimental group. TEM showed that the majority of the myelinated nerve fibers were not affected in the experimental samples. No significant variation in the number of fascicles was observed, significantly larger fascicle height and width were observed in the control group, and significantly thicker myelin sheaths were observed in the experimental samples. IAN lateralization resulted in substantial degrees of tissue disorganization at the microstructural level because of the presence of edema. However, at the ultrastructural level, small amounts of fiber degeneration were observed.

  2. The prognostic value of panoramic radiography of inferior alveolar nerve damage after mandibular third molar removal: retrospective study of 400 cases.

    PubMed

    Szalma, József; Lempel, Edina; Jeges, Sára; Szabó, Gyula; Olasz, Lajos

    2010-02-01

    The aim of the study was to estimate the accuracy of panoramic radiographic signs predicting inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) paresthesia after lower third molar removal. In a case-control study the sample was composed of 41 cases with postoperative IAN paresthesia and 359 control cases without it. The collected data included "classic" specific signs indicating a close spatial relationship between third molar root and inferior alveolar canal (IAC), root curvatures, and the extent of IAC-root tip overlap. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were completed to estimate the association between radiographic findings and IAN paresthesia. The multivariate logistic analysis identified 3 signs significantly associated with IAN paresthesia (P < .001): interruption of the superior cortex of the canal wall, diversion of the canal, and darkening of the root. The sensitivities and specificities ranged from 14.6% to 68.3% and from 85.5% to 96.9%, respectively. The positive predictive values, calculated to factor a 1.1% prevalence of paresthesia, ranged from 3.6% to 10.9%, whereas the negative predictive values >99%. Panoramic radiography is an inadequate screening method for predicting IAN paresthesia after mandibular third molar removal. Copyright (c) 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Indole-3-acetic acid in Fusarium graminearum: Identification of biosynthetic pathways and characterization of physiological effects.

    PubMed

    Luo, Kun; Rocheleau, Hélène; Qi, Peng-Fei; Zheng, You-Liang; Zhao, Hui-Yan; Ouellet, Thérèse

    2016-09-01

    Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogenic fungus causing fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. This fungus can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a very large amount of IAA accumulates in wheat head tissues during the first few days of infection by F. graminearum. Using liquid culture conditions, we have determined that F. graminearum can use tryptamine (TAM) and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) as biosynthetic intermediates to produce IAA. It is the first time that F. graminearum is shown to use the l-tryptophan-dependent TAM and IAN pathways rather than the indole-3-acetamide or indole-3-pyruvic acid pathways to produce IAA. Our experiments also showed that exogenous IAA was metabolized by F. graminearum. Exogenous IAA, TAM, and IAN inhibited mycelial growth; IAA and IAN also affected the hyphae branching pattern and delayed macroconidium germination. IAA and TAM had a small positive effect on the production of the mycotoxin 15-ADON while IAN inhibited its production. Our results showed that IAA and biosynthetic intermediates had a significant effect on F. graminearum physiology and suggested a new area of exploration for fungicidal compounds. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Bibliography of Soviet Material on Internal Waves, Number 5, June- October 1975

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-11-10

    GiK IAN Arm IAN Az Avtomatika i tclemekhanika Acta physica polonica Akadcmiya nauk Armyanskoy SSR. DokUdy Akademiya nauk Azerbaydzhanskoy...Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanika Physica status solidi Pribory i sistcmy upravleniya Pribory i tckhnika ekspcrimenta Radiotekhnika Radiotckhnika i

  5. Simultaneous determination of seven coumarins by UPLC-MS/MS: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and arthritic rats after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan or single-herb extract.

    PubMed

    Wu, Yun; Wang, Fenrong; Ai, Yu; Ma, Wen; Bian, Qiaoxia; Lee, David Y-W; Dai, Ronghua

    2015-06-01

    A simple, sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of seven coumarins, the bio-active ingredients of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), in rat plasma. The liquid-liquid extraction method with ether-dichloromethane (2:1, v/v) was used to prepare the plasma samples. Analytes and internal standard (IS) of bifendate were separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (75mm×3.0mm, 2.2μm particles) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.05% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole (TQ) tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) were 0.03-0.25ng/mL for all the analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of the seven analytes were well within acceptance criteria (15%). The matrix effect and the mean extraction recoveries of the analytes and IS from rat plasma were all within satisfaction. The validated method has been successfully applied to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of the seven active ingredients in rat plasma between normal and arthritic rats after oral administration of HLXLD, Angelica pubescens extract and Notopterygium incisum extract, respectively. Results showed that there were remarkable differences in pharmacokinetic properties of the analytes among the different groups. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Effects of High Power Lasers, No. 6 March - October 1975

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-11-12

    FZh GiA GiK IAN Arm IAN Az 1 I Avtomatika i tclemekhanika Acta physica polonica Akadcmiya nauk Armyanskoy SSR. Doklady Akademiya nauk...matematika i mckhanika Physica status solidl Pribory i sistemy upravlcniya Pribory i tekhnika ekspcrimenta Radiotekhnika Radiotekhnika i

  7. 75 FR 3250 - The Boeing Company Commercial Aircraft Group, Including On-Site Leased Workers From Comforce...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-20

    ..., Multax, Inconen, CTS, Hi-Tec, Woods, Ciber, Kelly Services, Analysts International Corp, Comsys, Filter..., Comsys, Filter LLC, Excell, Entegee, Chipton-Ross, Ian Martin, Can-Tech, It Services, IDEX Solutions (NW..., Kelly Services, Analysts International Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC, Excell, Entegee, Chipton-Ross, Ian...

  8. A Vibration Device to Control Injection Discomfort.

    PubMed

    Shaefer, Jeffry R; Lee, Stephanie J; Anderson, Nina K

    2017-06-01

    Pain from local anesthesia injections can be reduced by distraction and counter-stimulation techniques. This study investigated the DentalVibe® Injection Comfort System (third-generation, DV3), developed to lessen anesthesia pain through pulsed vibration, a form of counter-stimulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate both the efficacy of DV3 in reducing pain and discomfort from intraoral long buccal (LB) and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injections and the time needed to achieve complete anesthesia during an IAN block. The study enrolled 60 subjects, 30 men and 30 women, aged 21 to 32 years, who rated both injection pain on a visual analog scale and discomfort, unpleasantness, and difficulty in enduring the injection on a modified symptom severity index. Each subject received bilateral LB injections and an IAN block. Using block design, the third-generation DV (DV3) was randomly assigned to either the first or second LB injection and to 30 subjects on their third injection, the IAN block. No topical anesthesia was applied. Subjects receiving DV3 reported significantly less pain, discomfort, unpleasantness, and difficulty in enduring LB and IAN injections (P < .05), regardless of whether DV3 was used on the first or second LB injection. Time to complete anesthesia was not significantly different (P > .05) when DV3 was used on IAN block injections. The DV3 significantly (P < .02) reduced pain/discomfort from anesthetic injections in this pilot study, in which many subjects were either dental or medical students familiar with performing and enduring injections. More studies are warranted on layperson populations.

  9. Atomic Layer Deposition Enabled Interconnect Technology for Vertical Nanowire Arrays

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-06-01

    Diodes”, Nano Lett., Vol. 5, No. 11, 2005. [5] Hwa-Mok Kim, Tae Won Kang and Kwan Soo Chung,“Nanoscale Ultraviolet-Light- Emitting Diodes Using Wide...Bandgap Gallium Nitride Nanorods”, Adv. Materi. 2003, 15, No. 7-8. [6] Candace K. Chan, Hailin Peng, Gao Liu, Kevin McIlwrath, Xiao Feng Zhang...Coatings”Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 19, 1801 2007. [13] Candace K. Chan, Hailin Peng, Gao Liu, Kevin McIlwrath, Xiao Feng Zhang, Robert A. Huggins

  10. A representative prescription for emotional disease, Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan restores 5-HT system deficit through interfering the synthesis and transshipment in chronic mild stress-induced depressive rats.

    PubMed

    Dong, Xian-Zhe; Li, Zhao-Liang; Zheng, Xiao-Li; Mu, Li-Hua; Zhang, Gang-qiang; Liu, Ping

    2013-12-12

    Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan (DZ, also known as Kai-Xin-San) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of emotional disease. Previously, we have found that in a variety of animal models of depression (such as tail suspension model, model of chronic fatigue and forced swimming model) DZ demonstrated significant antidepressant behavior and promoted the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). However, the mechanisms of 5-HT regulation are still unclear. Therefore, the current study is designed to further investigate the antidepressant effect of DZ by observing its influence on 5-HT synthesis, metabolism, transport and other key links, so as to clarify the molecular mechanism of its 5-HT regulation. Solitary rising combined with the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) was used to establish the rat model of depression. The rats were given DZ for 3 weeks, the behavior change and the following items in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected simultaneously: 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) were observed. Our results showed that treatment with the DZ significantly improved the behavior and simultaneously increased the 5-HT level in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex tissues and hippocampus extracellular of depressive rats. In future studies revealed that DZ could significantly increase the protein and mRNA expression of the key enzymes TPH during the 5-HT synthesis process in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the depressed rats, and suppress the expression of 5-HTT protein and mRNA at the same time. But it had no effects on MAO-A and MAO-B activities. We believe that antidepressant effect of DZ is caused by the increase of 5-HT synthesis and reduction of 5-HT re-uptake, and eventually increase the content of 5-HT in the brain and the synaptic gaps. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

  11. Therapeutic Effects of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Plus Tamoxifen vs. Tamoxifen for the Treatment of Mammary Gland Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

    PubMed Central

    Li, Hao-Tian; Liu, Hong-Hong; Yang, Yu-Xue; Wang, Tao; Zhou, Xue-Lin; Yu, Yang; Li, Su-Na; Zheng, Yi; Zhang, Ping; Wang, Rui-Lin; Li, Jian-Yu; Wei, Shi-Zhang; Li, Kun; Li, Peng-Yan; Qian, Li-Qi

    2018-01-01

    As a common disorder that accounts for over 70% of all breast disease cases, mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) causes a severe problem for the quality of patients' life, and confers an increased risk of breast carcinoma. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MGH remain unclear, and the safety and efficacy of current western drug therapy for MGH still need to be improved. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted by our team to determine whether a TCM formula named Ru-Pi-Xiao in combination with tamoxifen or Ru-Pi-Xiao treated alone can show more prominent therapeutic effects against MGH with fewer adverse reactions than that of tamoxifen. Studies published before June 2017 were searched based on standardized searching rules in several mainstream medical databases. A total of 27 articles with 4,368 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the combination of Ru-Pi-Xiao and tamoxifen could exhibit better therapeutic effects against MGH than that of tamoxifen (OR: 3.79; 95% CI: 3.09–4.65; P < 0.00001) with a lower incidence of adverse reactions (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.28–0.43; P < 0.00001). The results also suggested that this combination could improve the level of progesterone (MD: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.72–2.71; P < 0.00001) and decrease the size of breast lump (MD: −0.67; 95% CI: −0.86 to −0.49; P < 0.00001) to a greater extent, which might provide a possible explanation for the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Ru-Pi-Xiao plus tamoxifen. In conclusion, Ru-Pi-Xiao and related preparations could be recommended as auxiliary therapy combined tamoxifen for the treatment of MGH. PMID:29456506

  12. An easy way to apply orthodontic extraction for impacted lower third molar compressing to the inferior alveolar nerve.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yong; He, Dongmei; Yang, Chi; Wang, Baoli; Qian, Wentao

    2012-04-01

    To study the results of an easy orthodontic extraction method for impacted lower third molar removal which had roots compressing to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Forty patients were divided into two groups according to their desire. Orthodontic traction group (n=20) had brackets or mini bone screws on the antagonist maxillary molars as anchorage for orthodontic traction from 3 to 10 weeks until the roots' tip was away from the IAN, the tooth was then removed. Traditional extraction group (n=20) had the tooth removed immediately by the same surgeon. Post-operative results were compared between the two groups. All 20 patients in the orthodontic extraction group had their lower impacted third molar removed easily without lower lip numbness after surgery, while 5 patients in the traditional extraction group had transient IAN injury and went away 1 week later. There were no anchorage teeth and adjacent mandibular second molar loose or displacement. Application of orthodontic brackets or mini bone screws on the antagonist maxillary molars is an easy way for orthodontic extraction of impacted lower third molar with roots' tip compressed to the IAN. It is an effective way to avoid IAN injury during tooth extraction. Copyright © 2011 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. The anatomical relationship between the roots of mandibular second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve.

    PubMed

    Chong, B S; Quinn, A; Pawar, R R; Makdissi, J; Sidhu, S K

    2015-06-01

    To evaluate the anatomical relationship between the roots of mandibular second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in relation to the risk of potential nerve injury during root canal treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from the patient record database at a dental hospital were selected. The anonymized CBCT images were reconstructed and examined in three planes (coronal, axial and sagittal) using 3D viewing software. The relationship between each root apex of mandibular second molars and the IAN was evaluated by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances from coronal CBCT sections, and the actual distance was then calculated mathematically using Pythagoras' theorem. In 55% of the 272 mandibular second molar roots evaluated, from a total of 134 scans, the distance between the anatomical root apex and the IAN was ≤3 mm. In over 50% of the cases evaluated, there was an intimate relationship between the roots of mandibular second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Therefore, root canal treatment of mandibular second molars may pose a more significant potential risk of IAN injury; necessary precautions should be exercised, and the prudent use of CBCT should be considered if an intimate relationship is suspected. © 2014 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  14. Effects of High Power Lasers, Number 4

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1974-10-31

    KhMM FMiM FTP FTT FZh GiA GiK IAN Arm IAN Az Avtomatika i tclctnukhanika Acta physica polonica Akadcmiya na,uk Armyanskoy SSR. Doklady...obraztsy, tovarnyye znaki Postepy firyki Physics abstracts Prikladnaya mekhanikö Prikladnaya matcmatika i mckhanika Physica status solidi Pribory i

  15. 76 FR 51432 - The Boeing Company; Amended Certification Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-18

    ... Internatinal Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC, Excell, Entegee, Chipton-Ross, Ian Martin, Can-Tech, IT Services, IDEX... Internatinal Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC, Excell, Entegee, Chipton-Ross, Ian Martin, Can-Tech, IT Services, IDEX..., Inconen, CTS, Hi-Tec, Woods, Ciber, Kelly Services, Analysts International Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC...

  16. Enhanced Production of Two Bioactive Isoflavone Aglycones in Astragalus membranaceus Hairy Root Cultures by Combining Deglycosylation and Elicitation of Immobilized Edible Aspergillus niger.

    PubMed

    Jiao, Jiao; Gai, Qing-Yan; Niu, Li-Li; Wang, Xi-Qing; Guo, Na; Zang, Yu-Ping; Fu, Yu-Jie

    2017-10-18

    A cocultivation system of Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) and immobilized food-grade fungi was established for the enhanced production of calycosin (CA) and formononetin (FO). The highest accumulations of CA (730.88 ± 63.72 μg/g DW) and FO (1119.42 ± 95.85 μg/g DW) were achieved in 34 day-old AMHRCs cocultured with immobilized A. niger (IAN) for 54 h, which were 7.72- and 18.78-fold higher than CA and FO in nontreated control, respectively. IAN deglycosylation could promote the formation of CA and FO by conversion of their glycoside precursors. IAN elicitation could intensify the generation of endogenous signal molecules involved in plant defense response, which contributed to the significantly up-regulated expression of genes in CA and FO biosynthetic pathway. Overall, the coupled culture of IAN and AMHRCs offered a promising and effective in vitro approach to enhance the production of two health-promoting isoflavone aglycones for possible nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses.

  17. Endocrine Pancreas Regeneration

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-01

    Rehman KK, Bertera S, Zhang J, Chen C, Papworth G, Watkins S, Trucco M, Robbins PD, Li J,Xiao X: Widespread and stable pancreatic gene transfer by AAV...G, Watkins S, Trucco M, Robbins PD, Li J,Xiao X: Widespread and stable pancreatic gene transfer by AAV vectors via different routes. Diabetes 55...J Clin Invest 114:877-883, 2004. 15. Tian C, Bagley J, Cretin N, Seth N, Wucherpfennig KW, Iacomini J: Prevention of type 1 diabetes by gene

  18. Abusing the privelege to care: shame on us.

    PubMed

    Churchill, Karin M

    Ian Peate, Consultant Editor of BJN, wrote the editorial 'Abusing the privelege: to care - shame on us' which was adapted and published on the BBC website (http://tinyurl.com/6cf2q5t). There was an overwhelming response to Ian's piece and some examples are shown here.

  19. Soviet Material on Internal Wave Effects, No. 4, September 1975

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-09-01

    UzbSSR DBAN EOM FAiO FGiV FiKhOM F-KhMM FMiM FTP FTT FZh GiA GiK IAN Arm IAN Az Avtomatika i telemekhanika Acta physica polonica ...promyshlennyye obraztsy, tovarnyye znaki Postepy fizyki Physics abstracts Prikladnaya mekhanika Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanika Physica status

  20. Effect of Buffered 4% Lidocaine on the Success of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study.

    PubMed

    Schellenberg, Jared; Drum, Melissa; Reader, Al; Nusstein, John; Fowler, Sara; Beck, Mike

    2015-06-01

    Medical studies have suggested that buffering local anesthetic may increase the ability to achieve anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 4% buffered lidocaine on the anesthetic success of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block in patients experiencing symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. One hundred emergency patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth randomly received a conventional IAN block using either 2.8 mL 4% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 2.8 mL 4% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine buffered with sodium bicarbonate in a double-blind manner. For the buffered solution, each cartridge was buffered with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate using the OnPharma (Los Gatos, CA) system to produce a final concentration of 0.18 mEq/mL sodium bicarbonate. Fifteen minutes after administration of the IAN block, profound lip numbness was confirmed, and endodontic access was initiated. Success was defined as no or mild pain (≤54 mm on a 170-mm visual analog scale) on access or instrumentation of the root canal. The success rate for the IAN block was 32% for the buffered group and 40% for the nonbuffered group, with no significant difference (P = .4047) between the groups. Injection pain ratings for the IAN block were not significantly (P = .9080) different between the 2 formulations. For mandibular posterior teeth, a 4% buffered lidocaine formulation did not result in a statistically significant increase in the success rate or a decrease in injection pain of the IAN block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  1. Comparative Assessment of Phenolic Content and in Vitro Antioxidant Capacity in the Pulp and Peel of Mango Cultivars

    PubMed Central

    Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood; Guo, Xinbo; Fu, Xiong; Zhou, Lin; Chen, Youngsheng; Zhu, Yong; Yan, Huaifeng; Liu, Rui Hai

    2015-01-01

    Mango (Mangifera indica L.), also called “the king of fruits”, is one of the most popular fruits in tropical regions. Pulp and peel samples of mango cultivars were analyzed to estimate total phenolic, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents. Phenolic acids, hydrophilic peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (hydro-PSC) and oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) in vitro were also determined. Total phenolics and flavonoid contents were found maximum in the peel of Xiao Tainang and Da Tainang cultivars, respectively, whereas Xiao Tainang also exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. Noteworthy, concentrations of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acids at 79.15, 64.33, 33.75, 27.19 and 13.62 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) were quantified for Da Tainang, Xiao Tainang and of Jidan cultivars, respectively. Comparatively, a higher level of phenolics and significant antioxidant capacity in mango peel indicated that it might be useful as a functional food and value-added ingredient to promote human health. PMID:26075869

  2. Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling (HLXL)-Dan, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a multi-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial.

    PubMed

    Lao, L; Hochberg, M; Lee, D Y W; Gilpin, A M K; Fong, H H S; Langenberg, P; Chen, K; Li, E K; Tam, L S; Berman, B

    2015-12-01

    To examine the efficacy and safety of Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling (HLXL)-Dan, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). A multi-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II dose-escalation clinical trial was conducted. Eligible patients who fulfilled American College of Rheumatology criteria were randomized to receive either HLXL or placebo. Clinical assessments included measurement of knee pain and function with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), patient global assessment (PGA), and knee pain scores every 2 weeks. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) was established to review the data for ensuring the quality of the trial. In the first stage, 28 participants were randomized to receive either low-dose HLXL-Dan (2400 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks. The results showed no statistical difference between the two groups. The study was then re-designed following the recommendation of DSMB. Ninety-two patients were enrolled in the second stage and were randomized to receive either high-dose HLXL-Dan (4000 mg/day for week 1-2, and 5600 mg/day for week 3-8) or placebo for 8 weeks. All outcome assessments showed significant improvements for both groups after 8 weeks but no significant between-group differences. The change (mean ± SD) of WOMAC pain and WOMAC function scores of HLXL and placebo group after 8 weeks were -1.2 ± 1.7 vs -1.4 ± 1.5, and -1.1 ± 1.6 vs -1.3 ± 1.5 respectively. No serious adverse events were reported. Although safe to use, an 8-week treatment of HLXL-Dan was not superior to placebo for reduction in pain or functional improvement in patients with knee OA. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00755326). Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Effect of preoperative alprazolam on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

    PubMed

    Khademi, Abbas Ali; Saatchi, Masoud; Minaiyan, Mohsen; Rostamizadeh, Nasim; Sharafi, Fatemeh

    2012-10-01

    Success of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block decreases in patients with irreversible pulpitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of alprazolam on the success of the IAN block for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Sixty patients with irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular molar were selected for this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The patients received identical capsules of either 0.5 mg of alprazolam or placebo 45 minutes before the administration of a conventional IAN block. Access cavity preparation was initiated 15 minutes after the IAN block injection. Lip numbness was recorded for all the patients. Success was defined as no or mild pain on the basis of visual analogue scale recordings during access cavity preparation and initial instrumentation. Data were analyzed by t test, Mann-Whitney, and χ(2) tests. The success rate was 53% for alprazolam group and 40% for placebo group, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .301). Within the scope of the current study, preoperative oral administration of 0.5 mg of alprazolam did not improve the success of the IAN block in mandibular molars in patients with irreversible pulpitis, and the success rate was not adequate to ensure profound pulpal anesthesia. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Trigemino-gustatory interactions: a randomized controlled clinical trial assessing the effects of selective anesthesia of dental afferents on taste thresholds.

    PubMed

    Lecor, Papa Abdou; Touré, Babacar; Boucher, Yves

    2018-03-01

    This study aimed at analyzing the effect of the temporary removal of trigeminal dental afferents on electrogustometric thresholds (EGMt). EGMt were measured in 300 healthy subjects randomized in three groups, in nine loci on the right and left side (RS, LS) of the tongue surface before and after anesthesia. Group IAN (n = 56 RS, n = 44 LS) received intraosseous local anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Group MdN received mandibular nerve (MdN) block targeting IAN before its entrance into the mandibular foramen (n = 60, RS, and n = 40, LS); group MxN receiving maxillary nerve (MxN) anesthesia (n = 56 RS and n = 44 LS) was the control group. Differences between mean EGMt were analyzed with the Wilcoxon test; correlation between type of anesthesia and EGMt was performed with Spearman's rho, all with a level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Significant EGMt (μA) differences before and after anesthesia were found in all loci with MdN and IAN on the ipsilateral side (p < 0.05), but not with MxN. Anesthesia of the MdN was positively correlated with the increase in EGMt (p < 0.001). Selective anesthesia of IAN was positively correlated only with the increase in EGMt measured at posterior and dorsal loci of the tongue surface (p < 0.01). The increase in EGMt following IAN anesthesia suggests a participation of dental afferents in taste perception. Extraction of teeth may impair food intake not only due to impaired masticatory ability but also to alteration of neurological trigemino-gustatory interactions. PACTR201602001452260.

  5. Radiographic considerations for the regional anatomy in the posterior mandible.

    PubMed

    Yashar, Natasha; Engeland, Christopher G; Rosenfeld, Alan L; Walsh, Timothy P; Califano, Joseph V

    2012-01-01

    Previous studies of the inferior alveolar nerve have used cadaveric specimens in small patient groups. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy in the posterior mandible with respect to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) using computed tomography (CT) images in a large patient population. We hypothesize that CT scans are an important component of a thorough treatment plan for minimizing risk to the IAN and optimizing surgical outcomes. CT scans of 195 patients (62 males and 133 females; age range: 22 to 88 years) were evaluated retrospectively. With the aid of computer software, cross-sectional images were examined at 5-mm increments distal to the mental foramen to the ascending ramus. Four measurements were made at each cross-sectional image. The distances from the IAN to the: 1) alveolar crest (CN); 2) buccal cortical plate (BN); 3) lingual cortical plate (LN); and 4) inferior border (IN) were measured. Most measurements for males and females were significantly different. Mean values were as follows (males/females): CN, 13.85 ± 0.43/11.98 ± 0.40 mm (P <0.01); BN, 4.98 ± 0.15/4.47 ± 0.11 mm (P <0.01); LN, 2.93 ± 0.12/3.19 ± 0.10 mm (P <0.10); and IN, 7.76 ± 0.16/7.00 ± 0.15 mm (P <0.01). The 95% confidence intervals indicated that many patients had limited bone volume in the buccal shelf or ascending ramus. Given the high degree of variability in mandibular bone volume surrounding the IAN and the position of the IAN, the use of CT scans should be considered for surgical procedures in the posterior mandible when there is risk of injury to the IAN.

  6. Anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of the intraosseous injection of 1.5% etidocaine (1:200,000 epinephrine) after an inferior alveolar nerve block.

    PubMed

    Stabile, P; Reader, A; Gallatin, E; Beck, M; Weaver, J

    2000-04-01

    The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy and heart rate effects of an intraosseous (IO) injection of 1.5% etidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine after an inferior alveolar nerve block. In a repeated-measures designed study, 48 subjects randomly received 2 combinations of injections at 2 separate appointments. The combinations were an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block (with 3% mepivacaine) + IO injection with 1.8 mL of 1.5% etidocaine hydrochloride containing 1:200,000 epinephrine, and an IAN + mock IO injection. The first molar was blindly tested with a pulp tester at 2-minute cycles for 60 minutes after the injection. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings (no subject response) were obtained. Heart rate (pulse rate) was measured with a pulse oximeter. Lip numbness occurred in 100% of the subjects with both the techniques. For the first molar, anesthetic success for the IAN + mock IO and the IAN + IO etidocaine hydrochloride groups, respectively, were 81% and 100%. The differences were significant (P <.05) when the IAN + IO etidocaine hydrochloride technique was compared with the IAN + mock IO. A mean increase in heart rate of 32 beats/min occurred in 90% of the subjects with the IO injection of the etidocaine hydrochloride solution. In 89% of these subjects, the heart rate returned to within 5 beats of baseline values 4 minutes or less after solution deposition. The IO injection of 1.8 mL of 1.5% etidocaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 epinephrine, when used to augment an inferior alveolar nerve block, significantly increased anesthetic success in the first molar. The majority of subjects receiving the IO injection of the etidocaine hydrochloride solution had a transient increase in heart rate.

  7. Implementation of an improved adaptive-implicit method in a thermal compositional simulator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tan, T.B.

    1988-11-01

    A multicomponent thermal simulator with an adaptive-implicit-method (AIM) formulation/inexact-adaptive-Newton (IAN) method is presented. The final coefficient matrix retains the original banded structure so that conventional iterative methods can be used. Various methods for selection of the eliminated unknowns are tested. AIM/IAN method has a lower work count per Newtonian iteration than fully implicit methods, but a wrong choice of unknowns will result in excessive Newtonian iterations. For the problems tested, the residual-error method described in the paper for selecting implicit unknowns, together with the IAN method, had an improvement of up to 28% of the CPU time over the fullymore » implicit method.« less

  8. All Prime Contract Awards by State or Country, Place, and Contractor, FY 84. Part 13 (Abingdon, Virginia - F. E. Warren AFB, Wyoming).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-01-01

    43 ** 0 4c 3 CL .C. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU)))))))))))))))))))))))))U ,0-< ian 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 NO *I , 0’-I)I N--NNN...N ---- ---- N I OD 𔃺 -C (D OII IA IAN CY CCOCO I C N(l!Co- i ID if); 0.- - -- - -.-.-- 0 -.-.-- 0 𔃺 0’ 0-. m o-- 0- 1 1 l) 0-MC)C)0 0 0 r-I iC l...r-- - r l- r - - - r- - 𔃺 NI A N N IN N It IAN Ii NNN N. N IN 𔃺 CD’ ---- -~ -YCjN - N NN(’! -l mC YciC Ck 𔃺 0 0 0 0 0 L) ’N; N N :3 Z)N D N N7 N7

  9. Response to Comment on "The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming".

    PubMed

    Hicks Pries, Caitlin E; Castanha, C; Porras, R; Phillips, Claire; Torn, M S

    2018-02-23

    Temperature records and model predictions demonstrate that deep soils warm at the same rate as surface soils, contrary to Xiao et al 's assertions. In response to Xiao et al 's critique of our Q 10 analysis, we present the results with all data points included, which show Q 10 values of >2 throughout the soil profile, indicating that all soil depths responded to warming. Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  10. I Guess the Joke Was on Me: A Reality Rub Reclaiming Intervention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoyt, Lisa; Fecser, Frank A.

    2011-01-01

    Ian is a 17-year-old student attending a therapeutic school in an urban district. He was referred less than a year ago due to behavioral and academic issues at the comprehensive high school. One instance in his art class, Ian overreacted when his teacher misinterpreted his humor, leading to a major school crisis. Learning to recognize the early…

  11. Autogenous Partial Bone Chip Grafting on the Exposed Inferior Alveolar Nerve After Cystic Enucleation.

    PubMed

    Seo, Mi Hyun; Eo, Mi Young; Cho, Yun Ju; Kim, Soung Min; Lee, Suk Keun

    2018-03-01

    This prospective study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of the new approach of partial autogenous bone chip grafts for the treatment of mandibular cystic lesions related to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). A total of 38 patients treated for mandibular cysts or benign tumors were included in this prospective study and subsequently divided into 3 groups depending on the bone grafting method used: cystic enucleation without a bone graft (group 1), partial bone chip graft covering the exposed IAN (group 2), and autogenous bone graft covering the entire defect (group 3). We evaluated the symptoms, clinical signs, and radiographic changes using dental panorama preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic densities were compared using Adobe Photoshop CS5 (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical evaluation with SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL), and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Radiopacities were the most increased at 1 year postoperative in group 3; groups 2 and 3 did not show statistically significant differences, whereas groups 1 and 3 were statistically significant. In terms of radiographic bone healing with clinical regeneration of the exposed IAN, healing occurred in all patients, although the best healing was achieved in group 2.This autogenous partial bone chip grafting procedure to cover the exposed IAN is suggested as a new surgical protocol for the treatment of cystic lesions associated with the IAN.

  12. A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of three monoterpene glycosides and four alkaloids in rat plasma: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan and single herb extract.

    PubMed

    Ai, Yu; Wu, Yun; Wang, Fenrong; Ma, Wen; Bian, Qiaoxia; Lee, David Y-W; Dai, Ronghua

    2015-03-01

    The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantitation of three monoterpene glycosides (paeoniflorin, alibiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin) and four alkaloids (tetrahydropalmatine, corydaline, dehydrocorydaline and berberine), the main active ingredients of Radix Paeoniae Rubra extract (RPE) and Corydalis yanhusuo extract (CYE) in Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), and to compare the pharmacokinetics of these active ingredients in normal and arthritic rats orally administrated with HLXLD or RPE/CYE alone. The analytes and internal standard (IS) (geniposide) were separated on a XBridge C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.01% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The detection of the analytes was performed on Acquity UPLC-MS/MS system with an electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode via polarity switching between negative (for monoterpene glycosides) and positive (for alkaloids) ionization mode. The lower limits of quantification were 2.5, 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.2, 0.02 and 0.01 ng/ml for paeoniflorin, alibiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, tetrahydropalmatine, corydaline, dehydrocorydaline and berberine, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of analytes were well within acceptance criteria (15%). The mean extraction recoveries of analytes and IS from rat plasma were all more than 83.1%. The validated method has been successfully applied to determination of the analytes. Results showed that there were remarkable differences in pharmacokinetic properties of the analytes between herbal formula and single herb group, normal and arthritic group. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  13. Immigration: Terrorist Grounds for Exclusion and Removal of Aliens

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-12

    Assistant Secretary of State Janice Jacobs, January 11, 2010. For background, see Testimony of Maura Harty, Assistant Secretary of State for Consular...the Republic of South Africa. 79 Ian Kelly , On-the-Record Briefing, U.S. Department of State, Washington , DC, December 28, 2009. Immigration...the Department’s advisory opinion, the consular officer must enter 80 Ian Kelly , On-the

  14. Citizens in the Crosshairs: Ready, Aim, Hold Your Fire?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-21

    Citizens in the Crosshairs: Ready, Aim, Hold Your Fire ? by Colonel Ian G. Corey United States Army United States...SUBTITLE Citizens in the Crosshairs: Ready, Aim, Hold Your Fire ? 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6...YOUR FIRE ? by Colonel Ian G. Corey United States Army Professor Daniel Y. Coulter Project Adviser This SRP

  15. Piezosurgery for Sagittal Split Osteotomy: Procedure Duration and Postoperative Sensory Perturbation.

    PubMed

    Köhnke, Robert; Kolk, Andreas; Kluwe, Lan; Ploder, Oliver

    2017-09-01

    To evaluate piezosurgery for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) for its duration and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) perturbation. In this prospective randomized study, the authors evaluated 100 BSSO procedures in 50 patients. Piezoelectric (group I) and conventional (group II) osteotomies were carried out on each side of the mandible of a patient by 2 specialists. The surgeons had at least 1 year of experience using piezosurgery. The period from incision to complete splitting of the mandibular bone was recorded (ie, procedure duration). The intraoperative status (visibility and relocation) of the IAN also was recorded. The neurosensory function of the IAN was measured by the 2-point discrimination threshold and static light touch methods before surgery and postoperatively (1, 3, and 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months). Parameters were compared between the test groups by the paired t, nonparametric Wilcoxon, or χ 2 test. Intergroup comparison showed the mean duration of osteotomy was significantly shorter for group I (17 ± 6 vs 25 ± 9 minutes; P < .001). The rate of intraoperative exposures of the IAN was slightly lower for group I (68%) compared with group II (81%). However, the difference was not relevant. Neurosensory disturbance and recovery of the IAN did not differ between groups. Piezoelectric osteotomy requires considerably less time than conventional mechanical approaches, but shows no advantage in preventing neurosensory perturbation. Copyright © 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Air Power in the New Counterinsurgency Era: The Strategic Importance of USAF Advisory and Assistance Missions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-01-01

    America alone. See Ian F. W. Beckett , Modern Insurgencies and Counter-Insurgencies: Guerrillas and Their Opponents Since 1750, London, UK: Routledge, 2001...3 Ian F. Beckett , Insurgency in Iraq: An Historical Perspective, Carlisle, Pa.: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, January 2005, p...Mackinlay, Globalisation and Insurgency, London, UK: Interna- tional Institute for Strategic Studies, Adelphi Paper 352, 2002, p. 79. 17 Beckett (2005, p

  17. Hearts and Minds: Its Evolution and Relevance to Counterinsurgency Campaigns

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-12-10

    of the Omani people is described in detail. Other relevant sources include: Ian Beckett , “The British Counter-insurgency Campaign in Dhofar, 1965...several reasons. First, unbeknownst to many, the US achieved not one but three historical counterinsurgency victories in the Philippines: the Phil ...author recommends: Ian Beckett , “The British Counter-insurgency Campaign in Dhofar, 1965-1975,” in Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare, eds. Daniel

  18. Predictive Value of Panoramic Radiography for Injury of Inferior Alveolar Nerve After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery.

    PubMed

    Su, Naichuan; van Wijk, Arjen; Berkhout, Erwin; Sanderink, Gerard; De Lange, Jan; Wang, Hang; van der Heijden, Geert J M G

    2017-04-01

    The purpose of the present systematic review was to assess the added value of panoramic radiography in predicting postoperative injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in the decision-making before mandibular third molar (MM3) surgery. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched electronically to identify the diagnostic accuracy of studies that had assessed the predictive value of 7 panoramic radiographic signs, including root-related signs (darkening of the root, deflection of the root, narrowing of the root, and dark and bifid apex of the root) and canal-related signs (interruption of the white line of the canal, diversion of the canal, and narrowing of the canal) for IAN injury after MM3 surgery. A total of 8 studies qualified for the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the 7 signs ranged from 0.06 to 0.49 and 0.81 to 0.97, respectively. The area under the summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.42 to 0.89. The pooled positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) ranged from 7.5 to 26.6% and 95.9 to 97.7%, respectively. The added value of a positive sign for ruling in an IAN injury (PPV minus the prior probability) ranged from 3.4 to 22.2%. The added value of a negative sign for ruling out an IAN injury (NPV minus [1 minus the prior probability]) ranged from 0.1 to 2.2%. For all 7 signs, the added value of panoramic radiography is too low to consider it appropriate for ruling out postoperative IAN in the decision-making before MM3 surgery. The added value of panoramic radiography for determining the presence of diversion of the canal, interruption of the white line of the canal, and darkening of the root can be considered sufficient for ruling in the risk of postoperative IAN injury in the decision-making before MM3 surgery. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Visa Security Policy: Roles of the Departments of State and Homeland Sec

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-03-08

    determine who, how many, and the scope of their functions. Then-Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Maura Harty described several key...Senate Committees on Appropriations, “Summary of the Fiscal 2007 Supplemental Funding Legislation,” press release, April 23, 2007. 40 Ian Kelly ...On-the-Record Briefing, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC, December 28, 2009. 41 Ian Kelly , On-the-Record Briefing, U.S. Department of State

  20. Report of the Hydrographic Service Royal Australian Navy for the Year Ended 30th June 1989. Issue Number 25

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-30

    charts 369 are Austral- ian and 44 British Admiralty. Australian charts represent 170 in imperial units and 199 in metric units: 92 in metric for...and operations advi(.e for the introduction into service of Vaisala Marwin Systems by the Royal Austral- ian Artiller,. 15 SURVEY INSTRUCTION, RAN... Maitland Pemberton Scott South Seringapatam Timor Trough Wilson Promontory Shark Bay BATHYMETRIC MANUSCRIPT AUSLIG Cove Blue Mud Ba Port Langdon Roper

  1. Anesthetic Success of an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Supplemental Articaine Buccal Infiltration for Molars and Premolars in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis.

    PubMed

    Fowler, Sara; Drum, Melissa; Reader, Al; Beck, Mike

    2016-03-01

    The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the anesthetic success of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block, and supplemental articaine buccal infiltration after a failed IAN block, in first and second molars and premolars in patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. As part of 6 studies, 375 emergency patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis received 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine via an IAN block. After profound lip numbness, endodontic access and instrumentation were initiated. If the patient felt moderate to severe pain, a supplemental buccal infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was administered (204 patients), and endodontic treatment continued. Success was defined as the ability to access and instrument the tooth without pain (visual analogue scale rating of 0) or mild pain (visual analogue scale rating less than or equal to 54 mm). IAN block success was 28% for the first molars, 25% for the second molars, and 39% for the premolars. There were no significant differences when comparing molars with premolars. For the supplemental articaine buccal infiltration, success was 42% for the first molars, 48% for the second molars, and 73% for the premolars. There were no significant differences when comparing the molars, but there was a significant difference when comparing the premolars with the molars. For patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, the success rates for the IAN block and supplemental buccal infiltration of articaine of the molars and premolars would not be high enough to ensure profound pulpal anesthesia. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. A longitudinal model of the dynamics between HMOs' consumer-friendliness and preventive health care utilization.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Qian; Savage, Grant T; Zhuang, Weiling

    2014-01-01

    This study aims at replicating and extending Xiao and Savage's (2008) research to understand the multidimensional aspect of HMOs distinguished by HMOs' consumer-friendliness, and their relationship to consumers' preventive care utilization. This study develops a dynamic model to consider both concurrent and time lagging effects of HMOs' consumer-friendliness. Our data analysis discloses similar relationship patterns as revealed by Xiao and Savage. Additionally, our findings reveal the time-series changes of the influence of HMOs' consumer-friendliness that either the effects of early experienced HMOs' consumer-friendliness wear out totally or HMOs' consumer-friendly characteristics on the concurrent term contain most of the explanatory power.

  3. [Determinants of food and nutrition insecurity: a study conducted in Low-budget Restaurants in Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil].

    PubMed

    Sobrinho, Fernanda Martins; Silva, Yara Cardoso; Abreu, Mery Natali Silva; Pereira, Simone Cardoso Lisboa; Dias Júnior, Cláudio Santiago

    2014-05-01

    The scope of this study is to evaluate the condition of household food and nutrition (in)security (IAN) of the users of low-budget restaurants in Belo Horizonte (BH). This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out on all low-budget restaurants and cafeteria in BH with a sample of 1613 users. The IAN was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and cross-checked with the socioeconomic profile of the users. The Chisquare and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. All p-value < 0.25 variables were included in the multivariate analysis. The groups most exposed to IAN among users of low-budget restaurants are those with a lower socioeconomic level and per capita income class and those with a large number of residents in the household. Also affected are those who admit to having different kinds of wants and needs, and those for whom price and living alone are the main reasons for frequenting low-budget restaurants. The factors affecting the IAN are varied and multifactorial, thus representing a major challenge for public policy makers and for those who live directly with these dietary restrictions. The low-budget restaurants serve as a strategy for promoting healthy eating habits.

  4. Bibliography of Soviet Developments in Superconductivity, January 1975 - June 1976

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-08-31

    superconductors. Acta physica pclonica, A 47, no. 3, 1975, 339-346. 182. Trifan, A. T. Effects of pressure and paramagnetic impurity on...FTT FZh GiA GiK IAN Arm IAN Az Avtomatika i telemekha-iika Acta physic a polonica Akademiya nauk Armyanskoy SSR. Doklady Akademiya nauk...thickness of thin cylindrical superconducting In films near T . Acta physlca polonlca, A47, ID. 3, 1975, 323-327. c I I I I I t t I

  5. An Activation-Based Model of Routine Sequence Errors

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-04-01

    part of the ACT-R frame- work (e.g., Anderson, 1983), we adopt a newer, richer no- tion of priming as part of our approach ( Harrison & Trafton, 2010...2014). Other models of routine sequence errors, such as the in- teractive activation network ( IAN ) model (Cooper & Shal- lice, 2006) and the simple...error patterns that results from an interface layout shift. The ideas behind our expanded priming approach, however, could apply to IAN , which uses

  6. Which risk factors are associated with neurosensory deficits of inferior alveolar nerve after mandibular third molar extraction?

    PubMed

    Kim, Jin-Woo; Cha, In-Ho; Kim, Sun-Jong; Kim, Myung-Rae

    2012-11-01

    Mandibular third molar extraction is a commonly performed procedure and is recognized as a relatively frequent cause of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific risk factors for neurosensory deficits, including age, gender, impaction depth, angulation of the third molar, and various radiographic superimposition signs. In a case-control study of patients who had undergone mandibular third molar extraction, a case group was developed of patients showing neurosensory deficits of the IAN, and a control group was formed of randomly selected patients without any neurosensory symptoms. Bivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between each variable and IAN injury. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratios, P values, and predictive values of the radiographic superimposition signs. Of 12,842 total patients, the study group included 104 cases and 135 controls. The results indicated that older age and deeper impaction status were significant risk factors (P < .05). Darkening of the roots, deflection of the roots, narrowing of the roots, dark and bifid apexes of the roots, and narrowing of the canal were also significant risk factors. The positive predictive values ranged from 0.7% to 6.9% and the negative predictive values from 99% to 100%, with adjustment for the definitive prevalence of IAN injury (0.81%, 104/12,842 patients). However, the relatively low positive predictive value renders questionable the predictability of superimposition signs on orthopantomography. In the absence of specific radiographic signs, the risk of neurosensory deficit of the IAN could be negligible. The sensory symptoms disappeared after 6 months in 92.3% of the patients and 98.1% showed recovery after 1 year. The results of the present study have demonstrated a significant association between several risk factors and neurosensory deficits of the IAN after third molar extraction. With a

  7. Frequency and pattern of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009: analysis of the national health insurance database.

    PubMed

    Chien, Pei-Shan; Tseng, Yu-Fang; Hsu, Yao-Chin; Lai, Yu-Kai; Weng, Shih-Feng

    2013-08-15

    Large-scale pharmaco-epidemiological studies of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treatment of urticaria are few, even though clinical trials showed some CHM are effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions for urticaria by analysing the population-based CHM database in Taiwan. This study was linked to and processed through the complete traditional CHM database of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan during 2009. We calculated the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions used for treatment of urticaria, of which the diagnosis was defined as the single ICD-9 Code of 708. Frequent itemset mining, as applied to data mining, was used to analyse co-prescription of CHM for patients with urticaria. There were 37,386 subjects who visited traditional Chinese Medicine clinics for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009 and received a total of 95,765 CHM prescriptions. Subjects between 18 and 35 years of age comprised the largest number of those treated (32.76%). In addition, women used CHM for urticaria more frequently than men (female:male = 1.94:1). There was an average of 5.54 items prescribed in the form of either individual Chinese herbs or a formula in a single CHM prescription for urticaria. Bai-Xian-Pi (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz) was the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herb while Xiao-Feng San was the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula. The most commonly prescribed CHM drug combination was Xiao-Feng San plus Bai-Xian-Pi while the most commonly prescribed triple drug combination was Xiao-Feng San, Bai-Xian-Pi, and Di-Fu Zi (Kochia scoparia). In view of the popularity of CHM such as Xiao-Feng San prescribed for the wind-heat pattern of urticaria in this study, a large-scale, randomized clinical trial is warranted to research their efficacy and safety.

  8. An orthodontic technique for minimally invasive extraction of impacted lower third molar.

    PubMed

    Ma, Zhi-Gui; Xie, Qian-Yang; Yang, Chi; Xu, Guang-Zhou; Cai, Xie-Yi; Li, Jie-Yan

    2013-08-01

    To present a novel orthodontic approach for minimally invasive extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (M3s) close to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Eight patients (8 M3s) requiring extraction of M3s were included in this study; there were 2 cases of horizontal impaction, 4 of mesioangular impaction, and 2 of vertical impaction. Cone-beam computed tomogram showed that the roots of impacted M3s in 2 cases interrupted the cortices of the mandibular canal, and those in the other 6 cases were very close to the IAN. Orthodontic treatment was performed in this study. The crowns of 5 impacted teeth were surgically exposed before the application of the orthodontic device, whereas bonding was performed directly to the occlusal surface of the other 3 M3s, which had partially erupted. The opposing maxillary M3s were removed in 3 cases. One-step orthodontic extraction was applied to vertically impacted M3s and 2-step treatment was applied to horizontally or mesioangularly impacted M3s. Success was defined as the separation of the impacted tooth from the IAN as visualized on cone-beam computed tomogram. After orthodontic treatment, all impacted M3s were extruded and separated from the IAN (mean, 6.6 months; range, 4 to 10 months), without any neurologic consequences. The average time of extraction was 5 minutes. In all 8 cases, new bone formation occurred distal to the adjacent second molar. This orthodontic technique may be a minimally invasive approach for the extraction of impacted M3s adjacent to the IAN, with a decreased risk of paresthesias and with osteoperiodontal advantages. Copyright © 2013 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Quantitative and comparative liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of hydrogen sulfide and thiol metabolites derivaitized with 2-iodoacetanilide isotopologues.

    PubMed

    Lee, Der-Yen; Huang, Wei-Chieh; Gu, Ting-Jia; Chang, Geen-Dong

    2018-06-01

    Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), previously known as a toxic gas, is now recognized as a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. However, only few methods are available for quantitative determination of H 2 S in biological samples. 2-Iodoacetanilide (2-IAN), a thiol-reacting agent, has been used to tag the reduced cysteine residues of proteins for quantitative proteomics and for detection of cysteine oxidation modification. In this article, we proposed a new method for quantitative analyses of H 2 S and thiol metabolites using the procedure of pre-column 2-IAN derivatization coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). 13 C 6 -Labeled and label-free 2-IAN efficiently react with H 2 S and thiol compounds at pH 9.5 and 65 °C. The derivatives exhibit excellent stability at alkaline conditions, high resolution on reverse phase liquid chromatography and great sensitivity for ESI-MS detection. The measurement of H 2 S, l-cysteine, glutathione, and DL-homocysteine derivatives was validated using 13 C 6 -labeled standard in LC-ESI-MS analyses and exhibited 10 nM-1 μM linear ranges for DL-homocysteine and glutathione and 1 nM-1 μM linear ranges for l-cysteine and H 2 S. In addition, the sequence of derivatization and extraction of metabolites is important in the quantification of thiol metabolites suggesting the presence of matrix effects. Most importantly, labeling with 2-IAN and 13 C 6 -2-IAN isotopologues could achieve quantitative and matched sample comparative analyses with minimal bias using our extraction and labeling procedures before LC-MS analysis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Does the combination of 3% mepivacaine plain plus 2% lidocaine with epinephrine improve anesthesia and reduce the pain of anesthetic injection for the inferior alveolar nerve block? A prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

    PubMed

    Lammers, Emily; Nusstein, John; Reader, Al; Drum, Melissa; Beck, Mike; Fowler, Sara

    2014-09-01

    In theory, using 3% mepivacaine initially for an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block would decrease the pain of injection, provide faster onset, and increase anesthetic success. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained with a combination of 3% mepivacaine/2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) versus a combination of 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine)/2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) in IAN blocks. Injection pain was also studied. One hundred asymptomatic subjects were randomly given a combination of a 1-cartridge volume of 3% mepivacaine plus a 1-cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and a combination of a 1-cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine plus a 1-cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for the IAN block at 2 separate appointments. Subjects rated the pain of injection. The molars, premolars, and incisors were tested with an electric pulp tester in 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes. Anesthetic success was defined as the subject achieving 2 consecutive 80 readings within 15 minutes after completion of the IAN blocks and sustaining the 80 reading for 60 minutes. Success was not significantly different (P > .05) between the 2 combinations. No statistical differences in injection pain or onset times were found. The combination of 3% mepivacaine plus 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was equivalent to the combination of 2 cartridges of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in terms of injection pain, onset time, and pulpal anesthetic success for the IAN block. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Relativistic theory of nuclear spin-rotation tensor with kinetically balanced rotational London orbitals

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Xiao, Yunlong; Zhang, Yong; Liu, Wenjian, E-mail: liuwjbdf@gmail.com

    2014-10-28

    Both kinetically balanced (KB) and kinetically unbalanced (KU) rotational London orbitals (RLO) are proposed to resolve the slow basis set convergence in relativistic calculations of nuclear spin-rotation (NSR) coupling tensors of molecules containing heavy elements [Y. Xiao and W. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 134104 (2013)]. While they perform rather similarly, the KB-RLO Ansatz is clearly preferred as it ensures the correct nonrelativistic limit even with a finite basis. Moreover, it gives rise to the same “direct relativistic mapping” between nuclear magnetic resonance shielding and NSR coupling tensors as that without using the London orbitals [Y. Xiao, Y. Zhang, andmore » W. Liu, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 10, 600 (2014)].« less

  12. Structures of undecagold clusters: Ligand effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Spivey, Kasi; Williams, Joseph I.; Wang, Lichang

    2006-12-01

    The most stable structure of undecagold, or Au 11, clusters was predicted from our DFT calculations to be planar [L. Xiao, L. Wang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 392 (2004) 452; L. Xiao, B. Tollberg, X. Hu, L. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 124 (2005) 114309.]. The structures of ligand protected undecagold clusters were shown to be three-dimensional experimentally. In this work, we used DFT calculations to study the ligand effect on the structures of Au 11 clusters. Our results show that the most stable structure of Au 11 is in fact three-dimensional when SCH 3 ligands are attached. This indicates that the structures of small gold clusters are altered substantially in the presence of ligands.

  13. Text Mining of the Classical Medical Literature for Medicines That Show Potential in Diabetic Nephropathy

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Lei; Li, Yin; Guo, Xinfeng; May, Brian H.; Xue, Charlie C. L.; Yang, Lihong; Liu, Xusheng

    2014-01-01

    Objectives. To apply modern text-mining methods to identify candidate herbs and formulae for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Methods. The method we developed includes three steps: (1) identification of candidate ancient terms; (2) systemic search and assessment of medical records written in classical Chinese; (3) preliminary evaluation of the effect and safety of candidates. Results. Ancient terms Xia Xiao, Shen Xiao, and Xiao Shen were determined as the most likely to correspond with diabetic nephropathy and used in text mining. A total of 80 Chinese formulae for treating conditions congruent with diabetic nephropathy recorded in medical books from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty were collected. Sao si tang (also called Reeling Silk Decoction) was chosen to show the process of preliminary evaluation of the candidates. It had promising potential for development as new agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. However, further investigations about the safety to patients with renal insufficiency are still needed. Conclusions. The methods developed in this study offer a targeted approach to identifying traditional herbs and/or formulae as candidates for further investigation in the search for new drugs for modern disease. However, more effort is still required to improve our techniques, especially with regard to compound formulae. PMID:24744808

  14. Skin and mucosal ischemia as a complication after inferior alveolar nerve block.

    PubMed

    Aravena, Pedro Christian; Valeria, Camila; Nuñez, Nicolás; Perez-Rojas, Francisco; Coronado, Cesar

    2016-01-01

    The anesthetic block of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is one of the most common techniques used in dental practice. The local complications are due to the failures on the anesthetic block or to anatomic variations in the tap site such as intravascular injection, skin ischemia and ocular problems. The aim of this article is to present a case and discuss the causes of itching and burning sensation, blanching, pain and face ischemia in the oral cavity during the IAN block.

  15. Military Review, March 1992. Volume 72, Number 3

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-03-01

    praised for their high- ian struggle for survival. The most vehement in- ly discriminate use offirepower and for taking ad- sist that it is ludicrous...deception planning, believed MILITARY REVIEW * March 1992 67 wetnimadtsoder pe fty ter bukr n - top vegetable garden h aboe weg ian fiord Thanks...likely you are to win. Provers 24-6 NOTES 1. USD ai ofhAmyFldMy anual (FM)90-2, Bat e1ftdDecwalon. 25. Harison , 278. Finaf Draft, (Washingto ,DC: US

  16. British Air Power in Peripheral Conflict, 1919-1976

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-10-01

    Northwest Frontier of Mohn Pimlott, "The British Army: The Dhofar Campaign, 1970-1975," in Ian F.W. Beckett and John Pimlott (eds.), Armed Forces and...Malaya, Singapore, Borneo, and even the Phil - ippines!5 In December 1962, an Indonesian-backed revolt was staged by the "secret army" of Brunei r...BIBLIOGRAPHY 121 Pimlott, John. "The British Army: The Dhofar Campaign, 1970-1975," in Ian F.W. Beckett and John Pimlott (eds.), Armed Forces and

  17. Orthodontic extrusion of the lower third molar with an orthodontic mini implant.

    PubMed

    Park, Wonse; Park, Joon-Soo; Kim, Yun-Mi; Yu, Hyung-Seog; Kim, Kee-Deog

    2010-10-01

    Neurologic changes owing to damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) are the most serious complication of lower third molar (M3) extraction because of their close spatial relationship. We adopted the concept of regional orthodontic treatment and extrusion, using skeletal anchorage with an orthodontic mini implant. Two malformed M3s that were closely apposed to the IAN were extruded with the aid of 3 or 4 orthodontic brackets and a mini implant. Both of the M3s were extruded successfully. The patients experienced little discomfort with the orthodontic appliances and there was neither permanent neurologic damage nor fracture of the root fragments following subsequent M3 extraction. Orthodontic treatment using a miniscrew to separate the IAN and M3, or luxation of the M3 may be a good alternative treatment option for extrusion of a vertically impacted lower M3 with fragile roots. Copyright © 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. THE LAST PURSUIT: The 2d Armored Division’s Exploitation from the Rhine to the Elbe, 24 March-14 April 1945,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-05-23

    34 - .- " MacDonald, Charles B. The Last Offensive. Ryan, Cornelius The Last Battle. 6 . i Toland, Joyn The Last 100 Days. Trahan, E. History of the 2d...18. Weigley, Eisenhower’s Lieutenants, pp. 17-19. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid. 21. Ian V. Hog, The Enccopedia of Infantry Weapons of World~~War II (New York...Hogg, Ian V., The Encyclopedia of Infantry Weapons of World War II . New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1977. Houston, Donald E., Hell on Wheels

  19. Vietnam, 1964-1973: An American Dilemma

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-10-01

    1982) Maitland , Terrence, and Stephen Weiss. Raising the Stakes. Boston: Boston, 1982. (DS 557.7 .M35 1982) McAlister, John T., Jr. The Vietnamese and...1972. (DS 557 .A65 C67) Lung, Hoang Ngoc. Strategy and Tactics. Washington: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1980. (U 742 .L86) Mackay, Ian ...1985. (DS 559.5 .M4 1985) 24 McNeill, Ian . The Team: Australian Army Advisers j Vietna. 1962-1972. New York: Hippocrene, 1984. (DS 558.8 .A8 M36

  20. [A Study on the quotations in the Wu xing da yi (The Gist of Five Phases) cited from Nei jing (Inner Canon)].

    PubMed

    Wang, Zheng-Shan; Zhang, Qi-Cheng

    2013-07-01

    In the Wu xing da yi (The Gist of Five Phases), written by Xiao Ji of the Sui Dynasty, there were 9 quotations cited from Huang di nei jing (Inner Canon of Huangdi). By comparison with current version of Huang di nei jing, most of the descriptions are similar, yet still with some differences, such as yin-yang nature of the five zang visceras, the liver being the root of "pi ji", the spleen being the root of "cang lin" etc. Wu xing da yi epitomizes the books about yin-yang and five phases before the Sui Dynasty, while Xiao Ji's quotations from Huang di nei jing interpreted from the views of yin-yang and five phases, are different from the annotations of later ages.

  1. Inferior alveolar nerve cutting; legal liability versus desired patient outcomes.

    PubMed

    Kim, Soung Min; Lee, Jong Ho

    2017-10-01

    Mandibular angle reduction or reduction genioplasty is a routine well-known facial contouring surgery that reduces the width of the lower face resulting in an oval shaped face. During the intraoral resection of the mandibular angle or chin using an oscillating saw, unexpected peripheral nerve damage including inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage could occur. This study analyzed cases of damaged IANs during facial contouring surgery, and asked what the basic standard of care in these medical litigation-involved cases should be. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 28 patients with IAN damage after mandibular contouring from August 2008 to July 2015. Most of the patients did not have an antipathy to medical staff because they wanted their faces to be ovoid shaped. We summarized three representative cases according to each patient's perceptions and different operation procedures under the approvement by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University. Most of the patients did not want to receive any further operations not due to fear of an operation but because of the changes in their facial appearance. Thus, their fear may be due to a desire for a better perfect outcome, and to avoid unsolicited patient complaints related litigation. This article analyzed representative IAN cutting cases that occurred during mandibular contouring esthetic surgery and evaluated a questionnaire on the standard of care for the desired patient outcomes and the specialized surgeon's position with respect to legal liability.

  2. Anesthetic efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine in patients with irreversible pulpitis after inferior alveolar nerve block: A clinical study.

    PubMed

    Verma, Pushpendra Kumar; Srivastava, Ruchi; Ramesh, Kumar M

    2013-03-01

    The inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) is the most frequently used mandibular injection technique for achieving local anesthesia in endodontics. Supplemental injections are essential to overcome failure of IAN block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection (2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine) in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular posterior teeth when conventional IAN block failed. Thirty emergency patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in a mandibular posterior tooth received an IAN block and experienced moderate to severe pain on endodontic access or initial instrumentation. The X-tip system was used to administer 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. The success of X-tip intraosseous injection was defined as none or mild pain (Heft-Parker visual analogue scale ratings < 54 mm) on endodontic access or initial instrumentation. Ninety-three percent of X-tip injections were successful and 7% were unsuccessful. Discomfort rating for X-tip perforation: 96.66% patients reported none or mild pain, whereas 3.34% reported moderate to severe pain. For discomfort rating during solution deposition, 74.99% patients reported none or mild pain and 24.92% reported moderate to severe pain. Ninety-six percent of the patients had subjective/objective increase in heart rate. Supplemental X-tip intraosseous injection using 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine has a statistically significant influence in achieving pulpal anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

  3. Anesthetic efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine in patients with irreversible pulpitis after inferior alveolar nerve block: A clinical study

    PubMed Central

    Verma, Pushpendra Kumar; Srivastava, Ruchi; Ramesh, Kumar M

    2013-01-01

    Introduction: The inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) is the most frequently used mandibular injection technique for achieving local anesthesia in endodontics. Supplemental injections are essential to overcome failure of IAN block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Aim: To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection (2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine) in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular posterior teeth when conventional IAN block failed. Materials and Methods: Thirty emergency patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in a mandibular posterior tooth received an IAN block and experienced moderate to severe pain on endodontic access or initial instrumentation. The X-tip system was used to administer 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. The success of X-tip intraosseous injection was defined as none or mild pain (Heft-Parker visual analogue scale ratings < 54 mm) on endodontic access or initial instrumentation. Results: Ninety-three percent of X-tip injections were successful and 7% were unsuccessful. Discomfort rating for X-tip perforation: 96.66% patients reported none or mild pain, whereas 3.34% reported moderate to severe pain. For discomfort rating during solution deposition, 74.99% patients reported none or mild pain and 24.92% reported moderate to severe pain. Ninety-six percent of the patients had subjective/objective increase in heart rate. Conclusions: Supplemental X-tip intraosseous injection using 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine has a statistically significant influence in achieving pulpal anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis. PMID:23716971

  4. Diagnostic value of panoramic radiography in predicting inferior alveolar nerve injury after mandibular third molar extraction: a meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Liu, W; Yin, W; Zhang, R; Li, J; Zheng, Y

    2015-06-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of panoramic radiography on inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury after extraction of the mandibular third molar. Relevant studies up to 1 June 2014 that discussed the association of panoramic radiography signs and post-mandibular third molar extraction IAN injury were systematically retrieved from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Springerlink, Web of Science and Cochrane library. The effect size of pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were statistically analysed with Meta-disc 1.4 software. Nine articles were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 0.56 (95% CI: 0.50-0.61) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84-0.87), respectively. The overall PLR was 3.46 (95% CI: 2.02-5.92) and overall NLR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.45-0.73). The pooled estimate of DOR was 6.49 (95% CI: 2.92-14.44). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.7143 ± 0.0604. The meta-analysis indicated that interpretation of panoramic radiography based on darkening of the root had a high specificity in predicting IAN injury after mandibular third molar extraction. However, the ability of this panoramic radiography marker to detect true positive IAN injury was not satisfactory. © 2015 Australian Dental Association.

  5. Arabidopsis Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase 71A13 Catalyzes the Conversion of Indole-3-Acetaldoxime in Camalexin Synthesis[W

    PubMed Central

    Nafisi, Majse; Goregaoker, Sameer; Botanga, Christopher J.; Glawischnig, Erich; Olsen, Carl E.; Halkier, Barbara A.; Glazebrook, Jane

    2007-01-01

    Camalexin (3-thiazol-2-yl-indole) is an indole alkaloid phytoalexin produced by Arabidopsis thaliana that is thought to be important for resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens, such as Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea. It is produced from Trp, which is converted to indole acetaldoxime (IAOx) by the action of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases CYP79B2 and CYP79B3. The remaining biosynthetic steps are unknown except for the last step, which is conversion of dihydrocamalexic acid to camalexin by CYP71B15 (PAD3). This article reports characterization of CYP71A13. Plants carrying cyp71A13 mutations produce greatly reduced amounts of camalexin after infection by Pseudomonas syringae or A. brassicicola and are susceptible to A. brassicicola, as are pad3 and cyp79B2 cyp79B3 mutants. Expression levels of CYP71A13 and PAD3 are coregulated. CYP71A13 expressed in Escherichia coli converted IAOx to indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN). Expression of CYP79B2 and CYP71A13 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in conversion of Trp to IAN. Exogenously supplied IAN restored camalexin production in cyp71A13 mutant plants. Together, these results lead to the conclusion that CYP71A13 catalyzes the conversion of IAOx to IAN in camalexin synthesis and provide further support for the role of camalexin in resistance to A. brassicicola. PMID:17573535

  6. Inferior alveolar nerve function after sagittal split osteotomy by reciprocating saw or piezosurgery instrument: prospective double-blinded study.

    PubMed

    Monnazzi, Marcelo Silva; Real Gabrielli, Mario Francisco; Passeri, Luis Augusto; Cabrini Gabrielli, Marisa Aparecida; Spin-Neto, Rubens; Pereira-Filho, Valfrido Antonio

    2014-06-01

    The aim of this prospective study was to objectively evaluate inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sensory disturbances in patients who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) by comparing 1 side treated with a reciprocating saw with the other side treated with a piezosurgery device. Clinical evaluation of IAN sensory disturbance was undertaken preoperatively and at 1 week, 4 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively in 20 patients who underwent SSRO at the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University. The 20 patients were examined at all periods for IAN functionality by Semmes-Weinstein testing; neither the patients nor the examiner knew which side was treated using piezosurgery or a reciprocating saw. The mean age of the patients was 28.4 years (range, 20 to 48 yr). Before surgery, no patient had impaired function of the IAN in any of the 8 zones in the mental and inferior lip areas. All patients reported feeling the first monofilament at the time of the preoperative test. Seven days postoperatively, all patients reported some kind of altered sensitivity in at least 1 zone evaluated. The results of this study suggest there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity of the labiomental area regarding the instrument used to perform the osteotomy. Future studies will focus on enlarging the sample and evaluating the results. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Coronectomy of third molar: a reduced risk technique for inferior alveolar nerve damage.

    PubMed

    Ahmed, Chkoura; Wafae, El Wady; Bouchra, Taleb

    2011-05-01

    Causing damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) when extracting lower third molars is due to the intimate relationship between the nerve and the roots of the teeth. When the proximity radiologic markers between the IAN and the root of the third molars are present, the technique of coronectomy can be proposed as an alternative to extraction to minimize the risk of nerve injury, with minimal complications. Nerve injury after the extraction of the mandibular third molar is a serious complication. The technique of coronectomy can be proposed to minimize the risk.

  8. Hue-specific colour memory impairment in an individual with intact colour perception and colour naming.

    PubMed

    Jakobson, L S; Pearson, P M; Robertson, B

    2008-01-15

    Cases of hue-selective dyschomatopsias, together with the results of recent optical imaging studies [Xiao, Y., Casti, A. R. R., Xiao, J., & Kaplan, E. (2006). A spatially organized representation of colour in macaque primary visual cortex. Perception, 35, ECVP Abstract Supplement; Xiao, Y., Wang, Y., & Felleman, D. J. (2003). A spatially organized representation of colour in macaque cortical area V2. Nature, 421, 535-539], have provided support for the idea that different colours are processed in spatially distinct regions of extrastriate cortex. In the present report, we provide evidence suggesting that a similar, but distinct, map may exist for representations of colour in memory. This evidence comes from observations of a young woman (QP) who demonstrates an isolated deficit in colour memory secondary to a concussive episode. Despite having normal colour perception and colour naming skills, and above-average memory skills in other domains, QP's ability to recall visually encoded colour information over short retention intervals is dramatically impaired. Her long-term memory for colour and her colour imagery skills are also abnormal. Surprisingly, however, these impairments are not seen with all hues; specifically, her ability to remember or imagine blue shades is spared. This interesting case contributes to the literature suggesting that colour perception, naming, and memory can be clinically dissociated, and provides insights into the organization of colour information in memory.

  9. Frequency and pattern of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009: analysis of the national health insurance database

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Large-scale pharmaco-epidemiological studies of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treatment of urticaria are few, even though clinical trials showed some CHM are effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions for urticaria by analysing the population-based CHM database in Taiwan. Methods This study was linked to and processed through the complete traditional CHM database of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan during 2009. We calculated the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions used for treatment of urticaria, of which the diagnosis was defined as the single ICD-9 Code of 708. Frequent itemset mining, as applied to data mining, was used to analyse co-prescription of CHM for patients with urticaria. Results There were 37,386 subjects who visited traditional Chinese Medicine clinics for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009 and received a total of 95,765 CHM prescriptions. Subjects between 18 and 35 years of age comprised the largest number of those treated (32.76%). In addition, women used CHM for urticaria more frequently than men (female:male = 1.94:1). There was an average of 5.54 items prescribed in the form of either individual Chinese herbs or a formula in a single CHM prescription for urticaria. Bai-Xian-Pi (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz) was the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herb while Xiao-Feng San was the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula. The most commonly prescribed CHM drug combination was Xiao-Feng San plus Bai-Xian-Pi while the most commonly prescribed triple drug combination was Xiao-Feng San, Bai-Xian-Pi, and Di-Fu Zi (Kochia scoparia). Conclusions In view of the popularity of CHM such as Xiao-Feng San prescribed for the wind-heat pattern of urticaria in this study, a large-scale, randomized clinical trial is warranted to research their efficacy and safety. PMID:23947955

  10. Pregabalin in the treatment of inferior alveolar nerve paraesthesia following overfilling of endodontic sealer

    PubMed Central

    Alonso-Ezpeleta, Oscar; Martín, Pablo J.; López-López, José; Castellanos-Cosano, Lizett; Martín-González, Jenifer; Segura-Egea, Juan J.

    2014-01-01

    A case of orofacial pain and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) paraesthesia after extrusion of endodontic sealer within the mandibular canal treated with prednisone and pregabalin is described. A 36-year-old woman underwent root canal treatment of the mandibular second right premolar tooth. Post-operative panoramic radiograph revealed the presence of radiopaque canal sealer in the mandibular canal. Damage to IAN consecutive to extrusion of endodontic sealer was diagnosed. Non-surgical management was decided, including: 1 mg/kg/day prednisone 2 times/day, once-daily regimen, and 150 mg/day pregabalin, two doses per day, monitoring the progress with periodic follow-up visits. Six weeks after the incident the signs and symptoms were gone. The complete resolution of paraesthesia and the control of pain achieved suggest that a non-surgical approach, combining prednisone and the GABA analogue pregabalin, is a good option in the management of the IAN damage subsequent to endodontic sealer extrusion. Key words:Endodontics, inferior alveolar nerve, neuropathic pain, orofacial pain, paraesthesia, pregabalin. PMID:24790724

  11. Inferior alveolar nerve transposition in conjunction with implant placement.

    PubMed

    Ferrigno, Nicola; Laureti, Mauro; Fanali, Stefano

    2005-01-01

    The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of neurosensory disturbance and the cumulative survival and success rates of ITI solid-screw implants placed in conjunction with an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) transposition technique. 46 ITI implants were placed in 15 patients following transposition of the IAN. In 4 patients nerve transpositioning was performed bilaterally, so a total of 19 IAN mobilization surgeries were performed. Neurosensory dysfunction was objectively evaluated by using light touch (LT), pain (PT), and 2-point discrimination (2-DT) tests. In addition, patients were asked to answer a short questionnaire to investigate individual feelings of discomfort and advantages related to this surgical technique. The mean follow-up period was 49.1 months (range, 12 to 78 months). The cumulative implant survival and success rates were 95.7% and 90.5%, respectively. Only 2 implants were lost. Neurosensory disturbance (ie, disturbance registered by the LT, PT, and 2-DT tests) was experienced in 4 of 19 cases. However, at the time of data analysis (12 to 78 months after surgery), all patients indicated that they would go through the surgery again. The IAN transposition technique, when used in the severely atrophied posterior mandible, allowed placement of implants with adequate length and good initial stabilization. All patients felt that they had received significant benefits from their new prostheses. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that lateral nerve transposition can be used as a surgical procedure to enable ITI implant placement in the severely resorbed posterior mandible.

  12. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Lateralization and Transposition for Dental Implant Placement. Part II: a Systematic Review of Neurosensory Complications.

    PubMed

    Abayev, Boris; Juodzbalys, Gintaras

    2015-01-01

    This article, the second in a two-part series, continues the discussion of inferior alveolar nerve lateralization/transposition for dental implant placement. The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature and clinical reports in order to analyse the neurosensory complications, risks and disadvantages of lateralization/transposition of the inferior alveolar nerve followed by implant placement in an edentulous atrophic posterior mandible. A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed and PMC databases, as well as academic sites and books. The articles were searched from January 1997 to July 2014. Articles in English language, which included adult patients between 18 - 80 years of age who had minimal residual bone above the mandibular canal and had undergone inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) repositioning, with minimum 6 months of follow-up, were included. A total of 21 studies were included in this review. Ten were related to IAN transposition, 7 to IAN lateralization and 4 to both transposition and lateralization. The IAN neurosensory disturbance function was present in most patients (99.47% [376/378]) for 1 to 6 months. In total, 0.53% (2/378) of procedures the disturbances were permanent. Inferior alveolar nerve repositioning is related to initial transient change in sensation in the majority of cases. The most popular causes of nerve damage are spatula-caused traction in the mucoperiosteal flap, pressure due to severe inflammation or retention of fluid around the nerve and subsequent development of transient ischemia, and mandibular body fracture.

  13. Inexact adaptive Newton methods

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bertiger, W.I.; Kelsey, F.J.

    1985-02-01

    The Inexact Adaptive Newton method (IAN) is a modification of the Adaptive Implicit Method/sup 1/ (AIM) with improved Newton convergence. Both methods simplify the Jacobian at each time step by zeroing coefficients in regions where saturations are changing slowly. The methods differ in how the diagonal block terms are treated. On test problems with up to 3,000 cells, IAN consistently saves approximately 30% of the CPU time when compared to the fully implicit method. AIM shows similar savings on some problems, but takes as much CPU time as fully implicit on other test problems due to poor Newton convergence.

  14. Cleaning and decompression of inferior alveolar canal to treat dysesthesia and paresthesia following endodontic treatment of a third molar.

    PubMed

    Scala, Rudy; Cucchi, Alessandro; Cappellina, Luca; Ghensi, Paolo

    2014-01-01

    Endodontic overfilling involving the mandibular canal may cause an injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). We report a case of disabling dysesthesia and paresthesia of a 70-year-old man after endodontic treatment of his mandibular left third molar that caused leakage of root canal filling material into the mandibular canal. After radiographic evaluation, extraction of the third molar and distal osteotomy, a surgical exploration was performed and followed by removal of the material and decompression of the IAN. The patient reported an improvement in sensation and immediate disappearance of dysesthesia already from the first postoperative day.

  15. A computational and functional study elicits the ameliorating effect of the Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan on experimental ischemia-induced myocardial injury in rats via inhibition of apoptosis.

    PubMed

    Han, Xiang-Dong; Zhou, Zhi-Wei; Yang, Wei; Ye, Hang-Cheng; Xu, Ying-Zi; Huang, Yun-Feng; Zhang, Tong; Zhou, Shu-Feng

    2015-01-01

    Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and remains a major life-threatening factor in humans. Apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IHD. The Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), one of the commonly used Chinese herbal formulas, consists of Salviae miltiorrhizae, Angelica sinensis, Gummi olibanum, and Commiphora myrrha, with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. However, the mechanism of action and molecular targets of HLXLD in the treatment of IHD are unclear. This study aimed to computationally predict the molecular interactions between the major active components of HLXLD and key regulators of apoptosis and then examine the effect of HLXLD on coronary artery ligation-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats. The molecular interactions between the major active components of HLXLD, including ferulic acid, ligustilide, succinic acid, vanillic acid, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, danshensu, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid C, protocatechuic aldehyde, and β-boswellic acid and human protein molecules including B cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), B cell lymphoma 2 antagonist/killer 1 (Bak1), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), procaspase 3, and caspase 9 with regard to hydrogen bond formation, charge interaction, and π-π stacking using Discovery Studio(®) program 3.1. The 12 HLXLD components were predicted by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) Predictor to have favorable pharmacokinetic and low hepatotoxicity profiles. The acute myocardial ischemia was established by surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were divided into a sham operative group, a model group, a positive control group treated with 0.2 mg/kg isosorbide mononitrate, and groups treated with 2.7, 5.4, or 10.8 g/kg HLXLD. The results showed that administration of HLXLD increased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, heart rate, and maximal rate

  16. A novel surgical approach to impacted mandibular third molars to reduce the risk of paresthesia: a case series.

    PubMed

    Landi, Luca; Manicone, Paolo Francesco; Piccinelli, Stefano; Raia, Alessandro; Raia, Roberto

    2010-05-01

    Extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (M3s) may cause temporary or permanent neurosensorial disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Although the incidence of this complication is low, a great range of variability has been reported in the literature. Several methods to reduce or eliminate this complication have been proposed, such as orthodontic-assisted extraction, extraction of the second molar, or intentional odontoectomy. The purpose of this series of cases is to present a novel approach for a riskless extraction of impacted mandibular M3s in contact with the IAN. Nine consecutive patients (4 male and 5 female; mean age 24.9 years, range 18-43 years) required the extraction of 10 horizontally or mesioangular impacted mandibular M3s. In all cases the M3 was in contact with the IAN with a high risk of nerve injury. A staged approached was proposed and accepted by the patients. This approach consisted in the surgical removal of the mesial portion of the anatomic crown to create adequate space for mesial M3 migration. After the migration of the M3 had taken place, the extraction could then be accomplished in a second surgical session minimizing neurological risks. All M3s moved mesially within 6 months (mean 174.1 days, range 92-354 days) and could be successfully removed without any neurological consequences. This technique may be considered as an alternative approach to the extraction of horizontally or mesioangular impacted M3s in proximity to the IAN. Copyright 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Preparing Science Teachers for Culturally Diverse Students: Developing Cultural Literacy Through Cultural Immersion, Cultural Translators and Communities of Practice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chinn, Pauline W. U.

    2006-09-01

    This three year study of P-12 professional development is grounded in sociocultural theories that hold that building knowledge and relationships among individuals from different cultural backgrounds entails joint activity toward common goals and cultural dialogues mediated by cultural translators. Sixty P-12 pre and in-service teachers in a year long interdisciplinary science curriculum course shared the goal of developing culturally relevant, standards-based science curricula for Native Hawai'ian students. Teachers and Native Hawai'ian instructors lived and worked together during a five day culture-science immersion in rural school and community sites and met several times at school, university, and community sites to build knowledge and share programs. Teachers were deeply moved by immersion experiences, learned to connect cultural understandings, e.g., a Hawai'ian sense of place and curriculum development, and highly valued collaborating with peers on curriculum development and implementation. The study finds that long term professional development providing situated learning through cultural immersion, cultural translators, and interdisciplinary instruction supports the establishment of communities of practice in which participants develop the cross-cultural knowledge and literacy needed for the development of locally relevant, place and standards-based curricula and pedagogy.

  18. Endodontic-related inferior alveolar nerve injuries: A review and a therapeutic flow chart.

    PubMed

    Castro, R; Guivarc'h, M; Foletti, J M; Catherine, J H; Chossegros, C; Guyot, L

    2018-05-03

    Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) lesions related to endodontic treatments can be explained by the anatomical proximity between the apices of the mandibular posterior teeth and the mandibular canal. The aim of this article is to review the management of inferior alveolar nerve lesions due to endodontic treatments and to establish a therapeutic flow chart. A review of publications reporting IAN damage related to endodontic treatment over the past 20 years has been conducted, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist; it combines an electronic search of the Pubmed ® and Google Scholar ® databasis. Forty-two full-text articles corresponding to 115 clinical cases have been selected. Two personal clinical cases were additionally reported. IAN lesions due to endodontic treatments require urgent management. Early surgical removal of the excess of endodontic material, in contact with the nerve allows the best recovery prognosis (72h). Beyond this delay, irreversible nervous lesions prevail and a medical symptomatic treatment, most of the time with pregabalin, must be/can be carried out. A delayed surgical procedure shows some good benefits for patients. However, the healing prognosis remains poorly predictable. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

  19. The Effects of Disease Management on Glycemic Control and Adherence to American Diabetes Association Guidelines in an Air Force Population

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-05-01

    Joynes , & Hollander, 1991). This can be measured in the short term by self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) testing and lab tests for blood... ian n Vi sit An nu al Vi sit W t C he ck E a Vi sit BP C he ck E a Vi sit SM BG E ac h Vi sit Se lf M gm t A ss es s A nn An n Re...tin a Ex am Se m ian n Hg bA 1C An nu al Hg bA 1C In div N ut r R ec Fl u Sh ot * Pn eu m oc c *

  20. Thermal Conductivity Measurement Setup for Low Temperature Characterization of Laser Materials

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-09-01

    JM, Kowalewski K, Guelzow J, Vitali V. Opt. Express. 2010;18:24770. 3. Sanamyan T, Kanskar M, Xiao Y, Kedlaya D, Dubinskii, M. Opt. Express. 2010;19...J ZHANG L MERKLE M DUBINSKIY N TER-GABRIELYAN V FROMZEL 14 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

  1. Can nerve regeneration on an artificial nerve conduit be enhanced by ethanol-induced cervical sympathetic ganglion block?

    PubMed Central

    Sunada, Katsuhisa; Shigeno, Keiji; Nakada, Akira; Honda, Michitaka; Nakamura, Tatsuo

    2017-01-01

    This study aimed to determine whether nerve regeneration by means of an artificial nerve conduit is promoted by ethanol-induced cervical sympathetic ganglion block (CSGB) in a canine model. This study involved two experiments—in part I, the authors examined the effect of CSGB by ethanol injection on long-term blood flow to the orofacial region; part II involved evaluation of the effect of CSGB by ethanol injection on inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) repair using polyglycolic acid-collagen tubes. In part I, seven Beagles were administered left CSGB by injection of 99.5% ethanol under direct visualization by means of thoracotomy, and changes in oral mucosal blood flow in the mental region and nasal skin temperature were evaluated. The increase in blood flow on the left side lasted for 7 weeks, while the increase in average skin temperature lasted 10 weeks on the left side and 3 weeks on the right. In part II, fourteen Beagles were each implanted with a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube across a 10-mm gap in the left IAN. A week after surgery, seven of these dogs were administered CSGB by injection of ethanol. Electrophysiological findings at 3 months after surgery revealed significantly higher sensory nerve conduction velocity and recovery index (ratio of left and right IAN peak amplitudes) after nerve regeneration in the reconstruction+CSGB group than in the reconstruction-only group. Myelinated axons in the reconstruction+CSGB group were greater in diameter than those in the reconstruction-only group. Administration of CSGB with ethanol resulted in improved nerve regeneration in some IAN defects. However, CSGB has several physiological effects, one of which could possibly be the long-term increase in adjacent blood flow. PMID:29220373

  2. Incidence of missed inferior alveolar nerve blocks in vital asymptomatic subjects and in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

    PubMed

    Fowler, Sara; Reader, Al; Beck, Mike

    2015-05-01

    The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of missed inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks by using a 1- or 2-cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in vital asymptomatic teeth and in emergency patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. As part of 37 studies, 3169 subjects/patients were evaluated for missed IAN blocks. The study included 2450 asymptomatic subjects and 719 emergency patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Each subject or patient received either a 1- or 2-cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. A missed block was defined as no lip numbness at 15-20 minutes after the IAN block. The effect of anesthetic volume on the incidence of missed blocks was assessed by using mixed models logistic regression with individual studies as a random effect. The incidence of missed blocks for asymptomatic subjects was 6.3% for the 1-cartridge volume and 3.8% for the 2-cartridge volume. For patients presenting with irreversible pulpitis, the incidence of missed blocks was 7.7% for the 1-cartridge volume and 2.3% for the 2-cartridge volume. In both asymptomatic subjects and patients with irreversible pulpitis, the 2-cartridge volume was significantly (P = .0395) better than the 1-cartridge volume. There were no significant effects for pulpal diagnosis (P = .7523) or the pulpal diagnosis and anesthetic volume interaction (P = .3973). Concerning missed IAN blocks, we concluded that administration of a 2-cartridge volume was significantly better (P = .0395) than a 1-cartridge volume in both asymptomatic subjects and emergency patients presenting with irreversible pulpitis. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. A case of mental nerve paresthesia due to dynamic compression of alveolar inferior nerve along an elongated styloid process.

    PubMed

    Gooris, Peter J J; Zijlmans, Jan C M; Bergsma, J Eelco; Mensink, Gertjan

    2014-07-01

    Spontaneous paresthesia of the mental nerve is considered an ominous clinical sign. Mental nerve paresthesia has also been referred to as numb chin syndrome. Several potentially different factors have been investigated for their role in interfering with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and causing mental nerve neuropathy. In the present case, the patient had an elongated calcified styloid process that we hypothesized had caused IAN irritation during mandibular movement. This eventually resulted in progressive loss of sensation in the mental nerve region. To our knowledge, this dynamic irritation, with complete recovery after resection of the styloid process, has not been previously reported. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Microsurgical Decompression of Inferior Alveolar Nerve After Endodontic Treatment Complications.

    PubMed

    Bianchi, Bernardo; Ferri, Andrea; Varazzani, Andrea; Bergonzani, Michela; Sesenna, Enrico

    2017-07-01

    Iatrogenic injury in oral surgery is the most frequent cause of sensory disturbance in the distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mental nerve.Inferior alveolar nerve damage can occur during third molar extraction, implant location, orthognathic surgery, preprosthetic surgery, salivary gland surgery, local anesthetic injections or during the resection of benign or malignant tumors.Injuries to the IAN can be caused also by endodontic treatment of mandibular molars and premolars when filling material is forced into the tooth and mandibular canal.The sensory disturbances that could follow a damage of the IAN could be hypoesthesia, dysesthesia, hyperesthesia, anesthesia, and sometimes a painful anesthesia that strike ipsilateral lower lip, chin, and teeth. These can undermine life quality by affecting speech, chewing, and social interaction.Treatment of these complications is sometimes difficult and could consist in observation or in surgical decompression of the involved nerve to relieve the patient's symptoms and improve sensory recovery. The most debated points are the timing of intervention and the effective role of decompression in clinical outcome-improvement.The purpose of this article is to show authors' experience with 2 patients treated with microsurgical nerve decompression to remove endodontic material from the mandibular canal and providing also a comprehensive review of the literature.

  5. Applications of Low-Coordination Phosphorus Chemistry in the Chemical Modification of Surfaces

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-11-13

    13, 375 (1989). 184. Louis D. Quin, Narayan D. Sadanani, Catherine Bourdieu , Xiao-Ping Wu, Gyongyi S. Quin, and Ryszard Bodaiski, "Studies with...Catherine Bourdieu , and Gyongyi S. Quin, "The Generation of Metaphosphoramidates by Fragmentation of 2’,3-Oxaphosphabicyclo!2.2.2]octene Perivatives

  6. 77 FR 75361 - 2012-2014 Enterprise Housing Goals

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-20

    ... 20, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul Manchester, Principal Economist, (202) 649-3115; Ian..., Senior Economist, (202) 649-3117, Office of National Mortgage Database; Kevin Sheehan, Assistant General...

  7. Polarized deep inelastic scattering off the neutron from gauge/string duality

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gao Jianhua; Mou Zonggang; Department of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100

    2010-05-01

    We investigate deep inelastic scattering off the polarized 'neutron' using gauge/string duality. The 'neutron' corresponds to a supergravity mode of the neutral dilatino. Through introducing the Pauli interaction term into the action in AdS{sub 5} space, we calculate the polarized deep inelastic structure functions of the 'neutron' in supergravity approximation at large t' Hooft coupling {lambda} and finite x with {lambda}{sup -1/2}<Xiao, we find the structure functions of the 'neutron' are power suppressed at the same order as the ones of themore » ''proton.'' Especially, we find the Burkhardt-Cottingham-like sum rule, which is satisfied in the work by Gao and Xiao, is broken due to the Pauli interaction term. We also illustrate how such a Pauli interaction term can arise naturally from higher dimensional fermion-graviton coupling through the usual Kaluza-Klein reduction.« less

  8. Prostate Dose Escalation by Innovative Inverse Planning-Driven IMRT

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-11-01

    Galvin, J. M.; Low, D.; Palta , J. R.; Rosen, I.; Sharpe, M. B.; Xia, P.; Xiao, Y.; Xing, L.; Yu, C. X., Guidance document on delivery, treatment planning... Palta , J., Implementing IMRT in clinical practice: ajoint document of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and the American

  9. 77 FR 9266 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Pistoia Alliance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-16

    ... filed for the purpose of extending the Act's provisions limiting the recovery of antitrust plaintiffs to... LLC, San Diego, CA; Unilever (UK) Central Resources Limited, London, United Kingdom; Ian Harrow...

  10. Modelling of the impact of biofouling on hydrodynamics downstream of a tidal turbine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bennis, A. C.; Rivier, A.; Dauvin, J. C.

    2016-02-01

    Biological organisms, like barnacles, mussels or bryozoans, colonize rapidly an immersed surface and could form a thickness until several centimeters on it. This biofouling could modify hydrodynamics around tidal turbine by increasing drag and hence resistance and could be detrimental to the performance of turbine (e.g. Orme et al., 2001; Khor and Xiao, 2011). Our work focuses on modifications of vortices downstream of a tidal turbine due to biofouling using CFD. Fixed biological organisms are solved explicitly by the model and are considered by modifying the blade profile. Firstly an airfoil colonized by barnacles is modelled for various fouling height and spacing and results are compared to experimental and simulated data (Orme et al., 2001; Khor and Xiao, 2011) in order to assess the capacity of the model to reproduce the flow around a blade with biofouling. Then a Darrieus vertical axis tidal turbine is modelled using a dynamic mesh. Configuration with smooth clean blades is assessed by comparison with experiments and simulations made by Roa (2011) and Bossard (2012). Biological organisms with various heights, spacing and shapes are fixed on blades and wakes downstream of clean and colonized tidal turbine are compared. Vorticity fields around the tidal turbine are clearly modified when blades are colonized. Samples will be taken from location where farms are planned to be built (Alderney Race/Raz Blanchard) to characterize more precisely the characteristics of species which are liable to fix on tidal turbine.Reference:Bossard (2012). Doctoral dissertation, Université de Grenoble.Khor & Xiao. (2011). Ocean Eng, 38(10), 1065-1079. Orme et al. (2001). Marine Renewable Energy Conference, Newcastle.Roa (2011).Doctoral dissertation, Université de Grenoble.

  11. Managing change in health care institutions. The Austin experience 1973-1983.

    PubMed

    Price, I

    1984-01-01

    This article is written by Ian Price who was engaged as a consultant by the Austin Hospital in 1973 to conduct an organisation study. The result of his work was to establish a divisional organisation which integrated the University of Melbourne into the hospital management structure. His work set in train an extensive organisational development program which has become widely known and regarded in the hospital field. After an absence of nine years Ian Price has taken up an appointment with the Austin an Executive Assistant to the General Manager. This article summarises the process which he adopted and the rationale for the changes which were implemented. The article also presents a brief resume of these changes ten years on.

  12. Prostate Cancer in African-American Men: Serum Biomarkers for Early Detection Using Nanoparticles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-11-01

    breast cancer cells, Nanomedicine, (2008), 3(3), 283-292. 18 22. Shangguan, Dihua; Meng, Ling; Cao, Zehui Charles; Xiao, Zeyu; Fang, Xiaohong; Li...AD_________________ Award Number: W81XWH-06-1-0034 TITLE: Prostate Cancer in African-American Men...ORGANIZATION: Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa, FL 33612-9497 REPORT DATE: November 2008

  13. China Report, Agriculture No. 268

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-08-11

    Shiyuan . His chicken-raising business has developed from the exclusive raising of meat birds and producing of eggs to a series of products such as the...others will also be affected. "Chicken commander" Xiao Shiyuan of Zunyi supplies many of the surrounding chicken-raising households with baby chicks

  14. 76 FR 63986 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Boards Membership

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-14

    ..., Patricia A. Ridenour, Melisa Lee Row, Shelley J. Saunders, Ian C. Shepherd, Gloria Morgan Solomon, Gerald L...-Sibaie, Magdy A. Mayberry, Alan Summitt, Monica J. Wiese, Jeffrey D. Research and Innovative Technology...

  15. 78 FR 16656 - Draft Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan and Environmental Assessment for Natural Resource...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-18

    ... may be sent to: Ian Zelo, NOAA Oil Spill Coordinator, Assessment and Restoration Division, 7600 Sand... are: (1) Improve Helmet Creek, restore juvenile and adult fish passage, (2) Improve water quality, and...

  16. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Lateralization and Transposition for Dental Implant Placement. Part I: a Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques

    PubMed Central

    Juodzbalys, Gintaras

    2015-01-01

    ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this first part of a two-part series was to review the literature concerning the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages and surgical techniques of the lateralization and transposition of the inferior alveolar nerve, followed by the placement of an implant in an edentulous atrophic posterior mandible. Material and Methods A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed and PMC database, academic sites and books. The articles were searched from January 1997 to July 2014 and comprised English-language articles that included adult patients between 18 and 80 years old with minimal residual bone above the mandibular canal who had undergone inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) repositioning with a minimum 6 months of follow-up. Results A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Nine were related to IAN transposition, 4 to IAN lateralization and 3 to both transposition and lateralization. Implant treatment results and complications were presented. Conclusions Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization and transposition in combination with the installation of dental implants is sometimes the only possible procedure to help patients to obtain a fixed prosthesis, in edentulous atrophic posterior mandibles. With careful pre-operative surgical and prosthetic planning, imaging, and extremely precise surgical technique, this procedure can be successfully used for implant placement in edentulous posterior mandibular segments. PMID:25937873

  17. Effect of sodium bicarbonate-buffered lidocaine on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized double-blind study.

    PubMed

    Saatchi, Masoud; Khademi, Abbasali; Baghaei, Badri; Noormohammadi, Hamid

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of buffered with nonbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine solution for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block in patients with mandibular posterior teeth experiencing symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Eighty adult patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth were selected. The patients received 2 cartridges of either 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine buffered with 0.18 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate or 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine with 0.18 mL sterile distilled water using conventional IAN block injections. Endodontic access preparation was initiated 15 minutes after injection. Lip numbness was required for all the patients. Success was determined as no or mild pain on the basis of Heft-Parker visual analog scale recordings upon access cavity preparation or initial instrumentation. Data were analyzed by the t, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square tests. The success rates were 62.5% and 47.5% for buffered and nonbuffered groups, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (P = .381). Buffering the 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate did not improve the success of the IAN block in mandibular molars in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Effect of preoperative acetaminophen/hydrocodone on the efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

    PubMed

    Fullmer, Spencer; Drum, Melissa; Reader, Al; Nusstein, John; Beck, Mike

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the effect of the administration of the combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone on the anesthetic success of mandibular posterior teeth in patients experiencing symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. One hundred emergency patients in moderate to severe pain diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth randomly received, in a double-blind manner, identical capsules of either a combination dose of 1000 mg acetaminophen/10 mg hydrocodone or placebo 60 minutes before the administration of a conventional inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block. Endodontic access was begun 15 minutes after completion of the block, and all patients used for data analysis had profound lip numbness. Success was defined as no or mild pain (visual analog scale recordings) on pulpal access or instrumentation. The success rate for the IAN block was 32% for the combination dose of 1000 mg acetaminophen/10 hydrocodone and 28% for the placebo dose, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .662). A combination dose of 1000 mg acetaminophen/10 mg hydrocodone given 60 minutes before the administration of the IAN block did not result in a statistically significant increase in anesthetic success for mandibular posterior teeth in patients experiencing symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Genetics Home Reference: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy

    MedlinePlus

    ... with brain iron accumulation (NBIA): an update on clinical presentations, histological and genetic underpinnings, and treatment considerations. Mov Disord. 2012 Jan;27(1):42-53. doi: 10.1002/mds.23971. Epub 2011 Oct 26. Review. ... Zhang Y, Xiao J, Wu X. Clinical study and PLA2G6 mutation screening analysis in Chinese ...

  20. Using Knowledge about the Opponent in Game-Tree Search.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-09-01

    Schaeffer’s stimulating enthusiasm and dynamism spurred me on when I seemed to be stuck in perpetual check. Though I interacted with Jaime Carbonell...and Gene, Pierre, Fang and XiaoGang, Sabine and Consuelo. To them, and all the others I had to omit here, my sincere thanks. Finally, all of this

  1. A Simulated Learning Environment of History Games for Enhancing Players' Cultural Awareness

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shih, Ju-Ling; Jheng, Shun-Cian; Tseng, Jia-Jiun

    2015-01-01

    This research attempted to create the historical context of Southern Taiwan in the late nineteenth century based on the martial art novel "Xiao-Mao" (Pussy) by designing a role-play digital game "Taiwan Epic Game" about the war time; in which, Taiwanese history, geography, and culture are presented in an innovative way with…

  2. 77 FR 43900 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Boards Membership

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-26

    ..., Jeffrey F. Peters, Joseph I. Ridenour, Melisa Lee Saunders, Ian C. Shepard, Gloria Morgan Solomon, Gerald..., Magdy A. Mayberry, Alan K. Posten, R. Ryan Poyer, Scott A. Summitt, Monica J. Wiese, Jeffrey D. Research...

  3. Red Genesis: The Hunan First Normal School and the Creation of Chinese Communism, 1903-1921. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Liu, Liyan

    2012-01-01

    How did an obscure provincial teachers college produce graduates who would go on to become founders and ideologues of the Chinese Communist Party? Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng, and others attended the Hunan First Normal School. Focusing on their alma mater, this work explores the critical but overlooked role modern schools played in sowing…

  4. Exploring and Listening to Chinese Classical Ensembles in General Music

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zhang, Wenzhuo

    2017-01-01

    Music diversity is valued in theory, but the extent to which it is efficiently presented in music class remains limited. Within this article, I aim to bridge this gap by introducing four genres of Chinese classical ensembles--Qin and Xiao duets, Jiang Nan bamboo and silk ensembles, Cantonese ensembles, and contemporary Chinese orchestras--into the…

  5. [Textual research of Liu Wan-su's works on consumptive thirst].

    PubMed

    Yang, Shi-Zhe; Zhang, Xian-Zhe

    2007-07-01

    Liu Wan-su's San xiao lun (On Three Consumptions) was the earliest extant monograph dealing with the consumption thirst in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The other book, with the namesake of Liu Wan-su, Su wen bing ji qi yi bao ming ji (Collection for Preserving Life of Pathogenesis in Plain Questions), also included a section of consumption thirst. However, through comparison, the descriptions in both books were quite different and it seemed unlikely that it were written by the same author. Based on textural research of bibliography, it's hard to say if this is a true one. Further, comparison of the book with the texts of consumption thirst in Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang (Elucidated Prescriptions and Expositions of Huangdi's Plain Questions), an authentic book of Liu, a consistency was found between San xiao lun and Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang. It is very unlikely that Su wen bing ji qi yi bao ming ji was written by Liu because of its obvious different writing style.

  6. Chapter II: Twenty Eighth General Assembly Business Sessions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, Robert

    2015-08-01

    The President of the IAU, Prof. Robert Williams, welcomed the delegates and members to this first business session of the General Assembly. The President invited the General Secretary, Dr. Ian Corbett, to start the business session.

  7. A more complete picture of mental health legislation.

    PubMed

    Kettles, Alyson

    2010-09-22

    As research and development officer for mental health at NHS Grampian, I was interested to read Ian Harvey's article on the implementation of the Mental Health Act 2007 in England and Wales (art&science August 25).

  8. Multi-disciplinary interoperability challenges (Ian McHarg Medal Lecture)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Annoni, Alessandro

    2013-04-01

    Global sustainability research requires multi-disciplinary efforts to address the key research challenges to increase our understanding of the complex relationships between environment and society. For this reason dependence on ICT systems interoperability is rapidly growing but, despite some relevant technological improvement is observed, in practice operational interoperable solutions are still lacking. Among the causes is the absence of a generally accepted definition of "interoperability" in all its broader aspects. In fact the concept of interoperability is just a concept and the more popular definitions are not addressing all challenges to realize operational interoperable solutions. The problem become even more complex when multi-disciplinary interoperability is required because in that case solutions for interoperability of different interoperable solution should be envisaged. In this lecture the following definition will be used: "interoperability is the ability to exchange information and to use it". In the lecture the main challenges for addressing multi-disciplinary interoperability will be presented and a set of proposed approaches/solutions shortly introduced.

  9. Cloud Computing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pete Beckman and Ian Foster

    Chicago Matters: Beyond Burnham (WTTW). Chicago has become a world center of "cloud computing." Argonne experts Pete Beckman and Ian Foster explain what "cloud computing" is and how you probably already use it on a daily basis.

  10. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Genomic Instability in Brca-Deficient Cells

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-01

    Emre, N.C., Kohlhammer, H., Dave, S.S., Davis, R.E., Carty, S., Lam , L.T., Shaffer, A.L., Xiao, W., et al. (2008). Molecular subtypes of diffuse large B...Chem. 276, 47759–47762. Ward, I.M., Reina-San-Martin, B., Olaru, A., Minn, K., Tamada, K., Lau , J.S., Cascalho, M., Chen, L., Nussenzweig, A., Livak

  11. Traditional Chinese medicine typing of affective disorders and treatment.

    PubMed

    Zhang, L D; Zhang, Y L; Xu, S H; Zhou, G; Jin, S B

    1994-01-01

    According to the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), 50 patients with affective disorders were typed into the categories of depressed liver resulting in fire, mild Yang deficiency and mild Yin deficiency and were treated with Xiao Yao San Jia Wei. The results are 26 patients with marked improvement, 17 patients with improvement and 7 patients with no improvement.

  12. Reliable Internet Routing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-09-01

    global coordination. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 9(6):681–692, 2001. [39] S. Goldberg, D. Xiao, E. Tromer, B. Barak , and J. Rexford. Path-quality monitoring...RFC 4271). [81] Y. Rekhter, T. Li, and S. Hares. A border gateway protocol 4 (BGP-4), 2006. IETF RFC 4271. [82] E. Rosen , A. Viswanathan, and R. Callon

  13. A cool way to live long.

    PubMed

    Conti, Bruno; Hansen, Malene

    2013-02-14

    In this issue, Xiao et al. challenge the notion that cold temperatures promote longevity solely through thermodynamic effects. They show that low temperatures activate a cold-sensitive cation channel, TRPA-1, which triggers a complex signaling pathway in both neurons and nonneuronal cells to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. X-tip intraosseous injection system as a primary anesthesia for irreversible pulpitis of posterior mandibular teeth: A randomized clinical trail

    PubMed Central

    Razavian, Hamid; Kazemi, Shantia; Khazaei, Saber; Jahromi, Maryam Zare

    2013-01-01

    Background: Successful anesthesia during root canal therapy may be difficult to obtain. Intraosseous injection significantly improves anesthesia's success as a supplemental pulpal anesthesia, particularly in cases of irreversible pulpitis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block in primary anesthesia for mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Forty emergency patients with an irreversible pulpitis of mandibular posterior teeth were randomly assigned to receive either intraosseous injection using the X-tip intraosseous injection system or IAN block as the primary injection method for pulpal anesthesia. Pulpal anesthesia was evaluated using an electric pulp tester and endo ice at 5-min intervals for 15 min. Anesthesia's success or failure rates were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 12 statistical software. Success or failure rates were compared using a Fisher's exact test, and the time duration for the onset of anesthesia was compared using Mann–Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Intraosseous injection system resulted in successful anesthesia in 17 out of 20 patients (85%). Successful anesthesia was achieved with the IAN block in 14 out of 20 patients (70%). However, the difference (15%) was not statistically significant (P = 0.2). Conclusion: Considering the relatively expensive armamentarium, probability of penetrator separation, temporary tachycardia, and possibility of damage to root during drilling, the authors do not suggest intraosseous injection as a suitable primary technique. PMID:23946738

  15. X-tip intraosseous injection system as a primary anesthesia for irreversible pulpitis of posterior mandibular teeth: A randomized clinical trail.

    PubMed

    Razavian, Hamid; Kazemi, Shantia; Khazaei, Saber; Jahromi, Maryam Zare

    2013-03-01

    Successful anesthesia during root canal therapy may be difficult to obtain. Intraosseous injection significantly improves anesthesia's success as a supplemental pulpal anesthesia, particularly in cases of irreversible pulpitis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block in primary anesthesia for mandibular posterior teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Forty emergency patients with an irreversible pulpitis of mandibular posterior teeth were randomly assigned to receive either intraosseous injection using the X-tip intraosseous injection system or IAN block as the primary injection method for pulpal anesthesia. Pulpal anesthesia was evaluated using an electric pulp tester and endo ice at 5-min intervals for 15 min. Anesthesia's success or failure rates were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 12 statistical software. Success or failure rates were compared using a Fisher's exact test, and the time duration for the onset of anesthesia was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Intraosseous injection system resulted in successful anesthesia in 17 out of 20 patients (85%). Successful anesthesia was achieved with the IAN block in 14 out of 20 patients (70%). However, the difference (15%) was not statistically significant (P = 0.2). Considering the relatively expensive armamentarium, probability of penetrator separation, temporary tachycardia, and possibility of damage to root during drilling, the authors do not suggest intraosseous injection as a suitable primary technique.

  16. Does 3-dimensional imaging of the third molar reduce the risk of experiencing inferior alveolar nerve injury owing to extraction?: A meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Clé-Ovejero, Adrià; Sánchez-Torres, Alba; Camps-Font, Octavi; Gay-Escoda, Cosme; Figueiredo, Rui; Valmaseda-Castellón, Eduard

    2017-08-01

    Clinicians generally use panoramic radiographic (PR) images to assess the proximity of the mandibular third molar to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). However, in cases in which a patient needs to undergo a third-molar extraction, many clinicians also assess computed tomographic (CT) images to prevent nerve damage. Two of the authors independently searched MEDLINE (through PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Ovid. The authors included randomized or nonrandomized longitudinal studies whose investigators had compared the number of IAN injuries after third-molar extraction in patients who had undergone preoperative CT with patients who had undergone only PR. The authors analyzed the full text of 26 of the 745 articles they initially selected. They included 6 studies in the meta-analysis. Four of the studies had a high risk of bias, and the investigators of only 1 study had used blinding with the patients. The authors observed no statistically significant differences between groups related to the total number of nerve injuries (risk ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 1.85; P = .91). The prognosis of the injuries was similar for both groups. Although having preoperative CT images might be useful for clinicians in terms of diagnosing and extracting mandibular third molars, having these CT images does not reduce patients' risk of experiencing IAN injuries nor does it affect their prognosis. Copyright © 2017 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. A Survey of the Opinion and Experience of UK Dentists: Part 1: The Incidence and Cause of Iatrogenic Trigeminal Nerve Injuries Related to Dental Implant Surgery.

    PubMed

    Yilmaz, Zehra; Ucer, Cemal; Scher, Edwin; Suzuki, Jon; Renton, Tara

    2016-10-01

    Dental implant-related iatrogenic trigeminal nerve (TG) injuries are proportionally increasing with dental implant surgery. This study, which is presented in greater detail over a series of articles, assessed the experience of implant-related TG nerve injuries among UK dentists. Incidence and cause of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), mental nerve (MN), and lingual nerve (LN) injuries, together with preoperative assessment and the consent process, are presented in this article. A survey was distributed among 405 dentists attending an Association of Dental Implantology congress in the United Kingdom, of which 187 completed the survey. Most responding dentists were full-time general practitioners. Implant dentistry training was predominately through industry-organized courses. Eighty dentists encountered implant-related IAN injuries, whereas 8 encountered LN injuries. Inaccurate radiological identification of the IAN/MN and their anatomical variations (48%) were seen to be the most frequent cause of TG injuries. Disclosure of the relative risk and benefits of alternative implant treatment strategies as part of the informed consent process was not deemed to be essential by 47 (25%) of the participants. Inadequate radiological assessment was the most common cause of TG nerve injury. The use of small field of view cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) is therefore recommended when placing implants in the posterior mandible. Implant surgeons should acquire evidence-based skills in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of TG nerve injury as well as specific training on justification and interpretation of CBCT scans.

  18. The Higgs and All That: How the Universe Works and Why We Should Care

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hinchliffe, Ian

    2013-10-31

    Berkeley Lab's Ian Hinchliffe discusses "The Higgs and all that. How the universe works and why we should care" in this Oct. 28, 2013 talk, which is part of a Science at the Theater event entitled Eight Big Ideas.

  19. The Higgs and All That: How the Universe Works and Why We Should Care

    ScienceCinema

    Hinchliffe, Ian

    2018-01-16

    Berkeley Lab's Ian Hinchliffe discusses "The Higgs and all that. How the universe works and why we should care" in this Oct. 28, 2013 talk, which is part of a Science at the Theater event entitled Eight Big Ideas.

  20. What makes a mathematician?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harris, Margaret

    2017-12-01

    Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaia is surely the only person in history who became a mathematician because of a botched redecoration project. She is one of 25 mathematicians profiled in Ian Stewart's book Significant Figures: the Lives and Work of Great Mathematicians.

  1. An Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (Pbde) (Final)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the final report, <i>An Exposure Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the exposure of Americans to this class of persistent organic pollutants. Individual chapters in this document ...

  2. 75 FR 20385 - Amended Certification Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-19

    ..., Inconen, CTS, Hi-Tec, Woods, Ciber, Kelly Services, Analysts International Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC..., Ciber, Kelly Services, Analysts International Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC, Excell, Entegee, Chipton- Ross..., Kelly Services, Analysts International Corp, Comsys, Filter LLC, Excell, Entegee, Chipton- Ross, Ian...

  3. An Exploratory Study: Assessment of Modeled Dioxin Exposure in Ceramic Art Studios (External Review Draft)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA has released an external review draft entitled, <i>An Exploratory Study: Assessment of Modeled Dioxin Exposure in Ceramic Art Studios(External Review Draft). The public comment period and the external peer-review workshop are separate processes that provide opportunities ...

  4. Teaching Medical Student Psychiatry Through Contemporary Music

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Egan, William H.

    1977-01-01

    An audio technique uses contemporary music recordings to illustrate various personality disorders, including: schizoid, paranoid, compulsive, antisocial, and hysterical. The works of Bob Dylan, Paul Simon, Harry Chapin, the Beatles, Janis Ian, James Taylor, Tammy Wynette, and others are cited. (LBH)

  5. Popular Education and Social Movements in Scotland Today.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crowther, Jim, Ed.; Martin, Ian, Ed.; Shaw, Mae, Ed.

    The following papers are included: "Foreword" (Colin Kirkwood); "Introductory Essay: Popular Education and Social Movements in Scotland Today" (Ian Martin); "Popular Education and the Struggle for Democracy" (Jim Crowther); "Social Movements and the Politics of Educational Change" (Lindsay Paterson);…

  6. WHK Interns Sweep Entire Category at Frederick County Science Fair | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The competitors in the cellular and molecular biology category of the Frederick County Science and Engineering Fair on March 22–23 didn’t stand a chance against the Werner H. Kirsten student interns at the National Cancer Institute at Frederick. These interns swept the entire category, with Madelyne Xiao, a rising intern, winning first place;

  7. Reputation-Based Internet Protocol Security: A Multilayer Security Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-09-01

    secure ad-hoc networks of mobile sensors deployed in a hostile environment . These sensors are normally small 86 and resource...Communications Magazine, 51, 2008. 45. Kumar, S.A. “Classification and Review of Security Schemes in Mobile Comput- ing”. Wireless Sensor Network , 2010... Networks ”. Wireless /Mobile Network Security , 2008. 85. Xiao, Y. “Accountability for Wireless LANs, Ad Hoc Networks , and Wireless

  8. The Role of Stat3 Activation in Androgen Receptor Signaling and Prostate Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-07-01

    S. C. & Xiao, G. (2003) Cancer Metastasis Rev. 22, 405–422. 10. Karin, M. & Greten , F. R. (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 749–759. 11. Karin, M., Cao, Y... Greten , F. R. & Li, Z. W. (2002) Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 301–310. 12. Fan, C. M. & Maniatis, T. (1991) Nature 354, 395–398. 13. Betts, J. C. & Nabel, G

  9. Getting Beyond Taiwan? Chinese Foreign Policy and PLA Modernization

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    Interests] ( Beijing : Guofang Daxue Chubanshe, 2007); and Yang Mingshu, chief ed., Haishang Tongdao Anquan yu Guoji Hezuo [SLOC Security and International... Beijing : Guofang Daxue Chubanshe, 2009); Shou Xiaosong and Xu Jingnian, chief eds., Jundui Yingdui Fei- chuantong Anquan Weixie Yanjiu [Research on the...Xingdong [Non- War Military Operations] ( Beijing : Guofang Daxue Chubanshe, 2006); and Xiao Tianliang, Junshi Liliang de Feizhanzheng Yunyong [Non-War

  10. An Exploratory Study: Assessment of Modeled Dioxin Exposure in Ceramic Art Studios (Final Report, 2008)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the final report, <i>An Exploratory Study: Assessment of Modeled Dioxin Exposure in Ceramic Art Studios. This report investigates the potential dioxin exposure to artists/hobbyists who use ball clay to make pottery and related products. Derm...

  11. New Concepts in Electromagnetic Materials and Antennas

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-01-01

    Bae-Ian Wu Antennas & Electromagnetics Technology Branch Multispectral Sensing & Detection Division JANUARY 2015 Final Report...Signature// //Signature// BRADLEY A. KRAMER, Program Manager TONY C. KIM, Branch Chief Antenna & Electromagnetic Technology ...Branch Antenna & Electromagnetic Technology Branch Multispectral Sensing & Detection Division Multispectral Sensing & Detection Division

  12. COIN Goes GLOCAL: Traditional COIN With a Global Perspective: Does the Current US Strategy Reflect COIN Theory, Doctrine and Principles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-05-17

    Fighting a Global Insurgency” in Parameters Summer 2006. Beckett , Ian F. W., [ed.]. The Roots of Counter-Insurgency : Armies and Guerrilla Warfare...Scranton, Phil (ed.). Beyond September 11: An Anthology of Dissent. London: Pluto Press, 2002. Sepp, Kalev I., “Best Practices in

  13. A Devil in the Details: Matrix-Dependent 40Ca42Ca++/42Ca+ and Its Effects on Estimates of the Initial 41Ca/40Ca in the Solar System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McKeegan, K. D.; Liu, M.-C.

    2015-07-01

    Ian Hutcheon established that the molecular ion interference 40Ca42Ca++/42Ca+ on 41K+ is strongly dependent on the mineral analyzed. Correction for this "matrix effect" led to a downward revision of the initial 41Ca/40Ca of the solar system.

  14. Parallel careers: a parasitologist and a vet.

    PubMed

    Wright, Ian

    2017-09-02

    Ian Wright heads the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) UK and Ireland, which involves some international travel. He and his wife are also practice owners and they have two children. He admits that work-life balance can be a challenge. British Veterinary Association.

  15. Campaigning in the Secondary Theater: Challenges for the Operational Commander

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-04-30

    threat of German and Ital ian forces staged in the Balkans. Greece, already fighting the Italians, initially refused the British offer of assistance...allowed for tremendous flexibility. This was not the case in the Greek campaign. The operational commander General Maitland Wilson, being appointed late

  16. Change in Organizations,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-01-01

    Ian- guage has constraints that limit our thinking to particular contours ( Feyerabend , 1975; Whorf, 1956), those linguistic limits will also shape our...Conflict. New York: Free Press, 1956. Erikson, E. H. Childhood and Society. New York: Norton, 1950. Feyerabend , P. Against Method. London: Verso

  17. An Evaluation of the Human Carcinogenic Potential of Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (An Interim Position Paper)

    EPA Science Inventory

    To determine the merit of a petition to remove ethylene glycol ether (EGBE) from the Agency's Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) list, EPA has developed an interim final position paper, called <i>An Evaluation of the Human Carcinogenic Potential of Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether, tha...

  18. An Evaluation of the Human Carcinogenic Potential of Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (Egbe)

    EPA Science Inventory

    This position paper, <i>An Evaluation of the Human Carcinogenic Potential of Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether, was developed in support of the EPA's evaluation of a petition from the American Chemistry Council requesting to delist EGBE per the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), Titl...

  19. Bristol Bay Assessment – Supplemental Peer Review Reports (May 2012)

    EPA Science Inventory

    These reports represent the results of independent peer reviews of several technical reports submitted to the public docket for the May 2012 draft of the Bristol Bay Assessment, <i>An Assessment of Potential Mining Impacts on Salmon Ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska.

    ...

  20. 75 FR 50945 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney JT8D-209, -217, -217A, -217C, and -219 Turbofan Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-18

    ... per work-hour. Since this is an added inspection requirement, included as part of the normal...: Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., West Building... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ian Dargin, Aerospace Engineer, Engine Certification Office, FAA, Engine and...

  1. On JALT 95: Curriculum and Evaluation. Proceedings of the JALT International Conference on Language Teaching/Learning (22nd, Nagoya, Japan, November 1995). Section Two: Curriculum Design.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Harrison, Ian; And Others

    Texts of conference papers and summaries of colloquia on second language curriculum design are presented, including: "Competency Assessment in Curriculum Renewal" (summary of session with Ian Harrison, Francis Johnson, Christopher Candlin, Anthony Green, David Nunan, Charles Smith); "The Evolving of a Curriculum" (Hiroshi Abe,…

  2. Education and Immigrant Integration in the United States and Canada. Proceedings of a Conference sponsored by the Division of United States Studies and the Canada Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and The Migration Policy Institute (April 25, 2005)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strum, Philippa, Ed.; Biette, David, Ed.

    2005-01-01

    The Conference proceedings include an Introduction by Demetrios Papademetriou. Two panels presented speakers as follows: Panel I: Elementary and Secondary (K-12) Education: (1) Immigrant Integration and "Bilingual" Education (Alec Ian Gershberg); (2) Absent Policies: Canadian Strategies for the Education and Integration of Immigrant…

  3. Science Teacher Education: An International Perspective.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abell, Sandra K., Ed.

    This book presents reform efforts in science teacher education from an international perspective. Chapters include: (1) "International Perspectives on Science Teacher Education: An Introduction" (Sandra K. Abell); (2) "The Development of Preservice Elementary Science Teacher Education in Australia" (Ken Appleton, Ian S. Ginns,…

  4. Examination of a Capabilities-based Prioritization Scheme for Service-Oriented Architecture Afloat

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    Oriented Architecture Afloat 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Matthew C. Horton 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES) Naval...Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943–5000 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES) N/A...within the Internet Protocol Version 4 ( IPv4 ) header (Xiao & Ni, 1999). By manipulating three bits within this byte, applications may specify

  5. Secure Sensor Semantic Web and Information Fusion

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-06-25

    data acquired and transmitted by wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a WSN, due to a need for robustness of monitoring and low cost of the nodes...3 S. Ozdemir and Y. Xiao, “Secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks : A comprehensive overview...Elisa Bertino, and Somesh Jha: Secure data aggregation technique for wireless sensor networks in the presence of collusion attacks. To appear in

  6. Renewable Bio-solar Hydrogen Production from Robust Oxygenic Phototrophs: The Second Generation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-01-22

    Demo Project coPI (2014). 7. Advisory: 2014 DOE-H2A Technoeconomic Review Panel; 2013 DOE- Hydrogen Program; 11. 2013-2014 AFOSR Funded...reinhardtii sta6 mutant. Submitted to The Plant Journal. 8. Xiao Qian, Min Kyung Kim, G. Kenchappa Kumaraswamy, Ananya Agarwal, Desmond S. Lun, and...G. Charles Dismukes. Beyond flux balance analysis of photoautotrophic metabolism: Carbon partitioning into different biopolymers. Submitted. 9

  7. Delta-Tocotrienol: Radiation Protection and Effects on Signal Transduction Pathways

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-15

    Delta- Tocotrienol : Radiation Protection and Effects on Signal Transduction Pathways Venkataraman Srinivasan, PhD Mang Xiao, MD Principal...2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Delta- Tocotrienol : Radiation Protection And Effects On...Mechanisms? 17 Survival of γ-irradiated mouse bone marrow and primary human hematopoietic CD34+ cells was significantly enhanced by Delta- tocotrienol (DT3

  8. ARO Summary Research Report (University of Michigan)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-03

    Federalism, and Cultural Evolution." , Cliodynamics: The Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical History (10 2011) Lu Hong, Scott Page, Maria Riolo...Priorot Conference on Political Economy and the Venice Conference on Behavioral Political Economy. Among other highlights, were presentations by...The Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical History 3(1):81-93, 2012. 4. Jenna Bednar, Yan Chen, and Xiao Liu and Scott Page,“Behavioral spillovers

  9. Resource Sharing: A Necessity for the '80s.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lavo, Barbara, Comp.

    Papers presented at a 1981 seminar on library resource sharing covered topics related to Australasian databases, Australian and New Zealand document delivery systems, and shared acquisition and cataloging for special libraries. The papers included: (1) "AUSINET: Australasia's Information Network?" by Ian McCallum; (2) "Australia/New…

  10. Developments in Prison Service Education and Training. Coombe Lodge Report. Volume 22, Number 1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benson, Ian; And Others

    1990-01-01

    Ten papers are provided on the prison education service in the United Kingdom. "Developments in Prison Service Management" (Ian Benson) describes changes in the past 5 years. "Prison Libraries" (Peter Blunt) describes the background to prison libraries and provides information on the present position. Current approaches to…

  11. The Fundamentals of Genuine Leadership

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-05-01

    ian authorities represent the broad spectrum of acadefnl:, political, spiritual and business leadership . Following the 7 anal ysis we shall attempt to...create "conditions that will promote their charges’ inner maturity too." In other words, the concern of leadership, even business leadership , goes

  12. User Education in the Online Age II. IATUL International Seminar Proceedings, (2nd, Delft, The Netherlands, July 30-August 2, 1984). Vol. 17.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fjallbrant, Nancy, Ed.

    1985-01-01

    Papers presented at an August 1984 international seminar on online user education include "Library Policies and Strategies in The Netherlands" (Chris J. van Wijk, The Netherlands); "Promotion and Marketing of Library Services" (Nancy Fjallbrant, Sweden); "Library Promotion by Computer" (Ian Malley, United Kingdom); "Library User Education and…

  13. 75 FR 50942 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney JT8D-7, -7A, -7B, -9, -9A, -11, -15, -15A, -17, -17A...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-18

    ... actions, and that the average labor rate is $85 per work- hour. Since this is an added inspection... instructions for sending your comments electronically. Mail: Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of... Federal holidays. Fax: (202) 493-2251. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ian Dargin, Aerospace Engineer...

  14. Mothers' Reactions to Their Child's ASD Diagnosis: Predictors That Discriminate Grief from Distress

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wayment, Heidi A.; Brookshire, Kristina A.

    2018-01-01

    We examined whether grief and general distress reactions characterized mothers' reactions to their child's ASD diagnosis, and whether these two types of reactions had unique predictors. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted on data collected from 362 mothers recruited from the Interactive Autism Network (IAN). The mothers were…

  15. Both Perelmans Thrown Down Gauntlets Versus Would-Be ``Science'' But Alas Sadly Mere ``SEANCES'' Put Jargonial-Obfuscation Sociological-Dysfunctionality(S-D) Ridden/Dominated Would-Be ``Sciences'' But Alas Sadly Mere SEANCES in ``Peril, Man''!!!

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carlson, J.; Young, F.; Clay, London; Siegel, Edward Carl-Ludwig (Physical-Mathematicist/Mathsicist)

    2011-03-01

    Both Perelman (Grigory[Poincare-conjecture: partial(with Richard Hamilton!!!)-"sole"-prover: by turning down first the Fields Medal at International Congress of [S-D right there: not mathematICS, but mathematicIANS!!!] Mathematicians (2007: Madrid); then the million-dollar Clay-Institute of Mathemat"ICS" (but really mathematicIANS POLITICIANS: Carlson, Yau,...et. al.) millennium-problem prize, revealing that it and its INSIDER POLITICS/POLITICIANS has/have "Feet of Clay"!!!], as sumarized by Naser-Gruber[Manfold-Destiny, The New Yorker, (August, 2007)] and separately Carlos Castro[with Corredoira: Against the Tid (2008)] put, by revealing the Jargonial-Obfuscation(J.-O.) (Bradshaw[Healing the SHAME that BINDS You, Hazelden(1980s)]-Martin[Brian, Wollongong University]-...ad INFINITUM (i.e. most if not all scientists), ad NAUSEUM!!! (disgusted with "games people play!!!)) S-D ridden/ dominated "games people play" would-be "sciences" (maths, physics,...: ad infinitum; ad NAUSEUM!!!) but alas sadly only mere Bradshaw-Martin S-D DOMINATED "SEANCES"!!!, in "peril, man"!!!

  16. A safe and accurate method to perform esthetic mandibular contouring surgery for Far Eastern Asians.

    PubMed

    Hsieh, A M-C; Huon, L-K; Jiang, H-R; Liu, S Y-C

    2017-05-01

    A tapered mandibular contour is popular with Far Eastern Asians. This study describes a safe and accurate method of using preoperative virtual surgical planning (VSP) and an intraoperative ostectomy guide to maximize the esthetic outcomes of mandibular symmetry and tapering while mitigating injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Twelve subjects with chief complaints of a wide and square lower face underwent this protocol from January to June 2015. VSP was used to confirm symmetry and preserve the IAN while maximizing the surgeon's ability to taper the lower face via mandibular inferior border ostectomy. The accuracy of this method was confirmed by superimposition of the perioperative computed tomography scans in all subjects. No subjects complained of prolonged paresthesia after 3 months. A safe and accurate protocol for achieving an esthetic lower face in indicated Far Eastern individuals is described. Copyright © 2016 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Visa Security Policy: Roles of the Departments of State and Homeland Security

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-30

    Functions in the Major Homeland Security Bills, both by Lisa M. Seghetti and Ruth Ellen Wasem. (Archived reports, available upon request.) 4 Ian Kelly , On...determine who, how many, and the scope of their functions. Then-Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Maura Harty described several key

  18. 78 FR 5431 - Annual Notice of Interest Rates of Federal Student Loans Made Under the William D. Ford Federal...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Annual Notice of Interest Rates of Federal Student Loans Made Under the... amended, the Chief Operating Officer for Federal Student Aid announces the interest rates for the period... interest rates to the public. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ian Foss, U.S. Department of Education, 830...

  19. Aquatic Rational Threshold Value (RTV) Concepts for Army Environmental Impact Assessment.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-07-01

    rreversible impacts. In aquatic impacts. Examination of the etymology of “ration al systems, bot h the possible cause-effect relationships threshold value...namics, aqueous chemistry . toxicology, a driving function. 30 3’ The shading effects of ripar- and aquatic ecology. In addition , when man ’s use ian

  20. Teachers at Work: Two Novels in the Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bullen, Gill; Hodgson, John M. P.

    1980-01-01

    The authors separately discuss novels that "went well" in their secondary school classes, analyze their success, and discuss the ways in which they and their classes shared the books together. The books discussed are Ian Serraillier's "The Silver Sword" and Albert Camus'"The Outsider," published in the United States…

  1. The U.S. Air Service in World War I. Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-01-01

    Ital- ian front. Fur ba ra. In the spring of 1918 an attempt was made to establish a school of aerial gunnery at Furbara, Italy, and instruction...Maj.-Gen. John Maitland Salmond. 14. Original report: 466 individuals. 15. Original report: Total decorations and citations, 530. 16. This sentence

  2. Using Minds to Command the Logic of Things: A Response to Case and Wright.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Paul, Richard

    1997-01-01

    Reviews some of the basic tenets of critical thinking as it applies to social studies, especially those articulated in Roland Case's and Ian Wright's article, "Taking Seriously the Teaching of Critical Thinking." Praises the article but suggests that it would be improved by tightening the central focus. (MJP)

  3. Embodied Discourses of Literacy in the Lives of Two Preservice Teachers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillips, Donna Kalmbach; Larson, Mindy Legard

    2009-01-01

    This study examines the emerging teacher literacy identities of Ian and AJ, two preservice teachers in a graduate teacher education program in the United States. Using a poststructural feminisms theoretical framework, the study illustrates the embodiment of literacy pedagogy discourses in relation to the literacy courses' discourse of…

  4. Scalable Emergency Response System for Oceangoing Assets Report on Brainstorming Concept Evaluations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-04-11

    Andr´e Badertscher, Andr´e Guignard, and Auke Jan Ijspeert, Swimming and Crawling with an Amphibious Snake Robot. 4. Alexander S. Boxerbaum, Philip ... Kotler , Mindy & Hillman, Ian “Japanese Nuclear Energy Policy and Public Opinion” James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy Rice University May 2000

  5. An Approach to Using Toxicogenomic Data in U.S. EPA Human Health Risk Assessments: A Dibutyl Phthalate Case Study (Final Report, 2010)

    EPA Science Inventory

    EPA announced the availability of the final report, <i>An Approach to Using Toxicogenomic Data in U.S. EPA Human Health Risk Assessments: A Dibutyl Phthalate Case Study. This report outlines an approach to evaluate genomic data for use in risk assessment and a case study to ...

  6. Semenovia gyirongensis (Apiaceae), a new species from Xizang, China

    PubMed Central

    Xiao, Qun Ying; Tan, Jin Bo; Hu, Hao Yu; Zhou, Song Dong; He, Xing Jin

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Based on morphology and molecular data, a new species Semenovia gyirongensis Q.Y.Xiao & X.J.He, from Gyirong County, Xizang, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to S. malcolmii (Hemsley & Pearson) Pimenov, but differs in its cylindric much-branched root, intensively branching long underground caudex with distinct nodes, narrowly ovate to ovate terminal leaf lobes, oblong bracts with obtuse-rounded or cuneate apex. PMID:28794682

  7. Linearized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Constrained Nonconvex Regularized Optimization

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-11-22

    structure of the graph, we replace the ℓ1- norm by the nonconvex Capped -ℓ1 norm , and obtain the Generalized Capped -ℓ1 regularized logistic regression...X. M. Yuan. Linearized augmented lagrangian and alternating direction methods for nuclear norm minimization. Mathematics of Computation, 82(281):301...better approximations of ℓ0- norm theoretically and computationally beyond ℓ1- norm , for example, the compressive sensing (Xiao et al., 2011). The

  8. Crytosporidiosis, Isosporiasis, Cyclosporiasis & Sarcocystosis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-01

    States and in 30%-50% of patients with AIDS in the developing world .12 The serological prevalence of Cryptosporidium Report Documentation Page Form...species.47 Virchow observed I. belli, the species that infects humans, in 1860. During World War I Isospora belli was detected in the stools of ...3. Xiao L. Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update. Exp Parasitol. 2010;124:80-89. 4. Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S

  9. A Brain-Based Communication and Orientation System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-10-06

    Review of the BCI Competition IV, Frontiers in Neuroscience, ( 2012): 0. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00055 Eric C. Leuthardt, Xiao-Mei Pei, Jonathan...hardware and software for brain– computer interfaces ( BCIs ), Journal of Neural Engineering, (04 2011): 1. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025001...Cincotti, G. Schalk, Peter Brunner. Current Trends in Brain–Computer Interface ( BCI ) Research and Development, Journal of Neural Engineering, (3 2011

  10. Concept Development: An Operational Framework for Resilience

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-08-27

    85% of the nation’s critical infrastructure, spanning both hard and soft features.16 Without support from the business community , resilience objectives...E., Robert W. Kates, and Shirley B. Laska. “Three Years After Katrina: Lessons for Community Resilience ” Environment, vol. 50, no. 5 (September 2008...Presentation at Building Community Resilience and a Culture of Preparedness.” NORAD and USNORTHCOM Surgeon’s Conference, March 10-12, 2009. Wang, Fan Xiao

  11. Laser Therapy and Pain-Related Behavior after Injury of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve: Possible Involvement of Neurotrophins

    PubMed Central

    de Oliveira Martins, Daniel; Martinez dos Santos, Fabio; Evany de Oliveira, Mara; de Britto, Luiz R.G.; Benedito Dias Lemos, José

    2013-01-01

    Abstract Nerve-related complications have been frequently reported in dental procedures, and a very frequent type of occurrence involves the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). The nerve injury in humans often results in persistent pain accompanied by allodynia and hyperalgesia. In this investigation, we used an experimental IAN injury in rats, which was induced by a Crile hemostatic clamp, to evaluate the effects of laser therapy on nerve repair. We also studied the nociceptive behavior (von Frey hair test) before and after the injury and the behavioral effects of treatment with laser therapy (emitting a wavelength of 904 nm, output power of 70 Wpk, a spot area of ∼0.1 cm2, frequency of 9500 Hz, pulse time 60 ns and an energy density of 6 J/cm2). As neurotrophins are essential for the process of nerve regeneration, we used immunoblotting techniques to preliminarily examine the effects of laser therapy on the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The injured animals treated with laser exhibited an improved nociceptive behavior. In irradiated animals, there was an enhanced expression of NGF (53%) and a decreased BDNF expression (40%) after laser therapy. These results indicate that BDNF plays a locally crucial role in pain-related behavior development after IAN injury, increasing after lesions (in parallel to the installation of pain behavior) and decreasing with laser therapy (in parallel to the improvement of pain behavior). On the other hand, NGF probably contributes to the repair of nerve tissue, in addition to improving the pain-related behavior. PMID:23190308

  12. 75 FR 14643 - Office of New Reactors; Proposed Standard Review Plan, Branch Technical Position 7-19 on Guidance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-26

    ... electronic form, will be posted on the NRC Web site and on the Federal rulemaking Web site http://www... that they do not want publicly disclosed. Federal Rulemaking Web site: Go to http://www.regulations.gov... CONTACT: Mr. Ian C. Jung, Chief, Instrumentation, Controls and Electrical Engineering Branch 2, Division...

  13. Communication as a Symbolic Activity.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ritchie, L. David; Good, Leslie T.

    1989-01-01

    Critiques an article by Ian Angus and John Lannamann on the fragmentation of the communication field ("Questioning the Institutional Boundaries of U. S. Communication Research: An Epistemological Inquiry," v38 n3). Argues that any medium, including the body, can be conceptualized as a system of symbol creation, recognition, and…

  14. 78 FR 57480 - Safety Zone; 2013 Annual Islamorada Swim for Alligator Lighthouse, Atlantic Ocean; Islamorada, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... Captain of the Port Key West or a designated representative. DATES: This rule will be enforced from 8 a.m... rule, call or email Marine Science Technician First Class Ian G. Bowes, Sector Key West Prevention... the Port Key West or a designated representative, all persons and vessels receiving such authorization...

  15. Faith in Schools? Autonomy, Citizenship, and Religious Education in the Liberal State

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    MacMullen, Ian

    2007-01-01

    Should a liberal democratic state permit religious schools? Should it fund them? What principles should govern these decisions in a society marked by religious and cultural pluralism? In "Faith in Schools?", Ian MacMullen tackles these important questions through both political and educational theory, and he reaches some surprising and provocative…

  16. Trouble on My Mind: Toward a Framework of Humanizing Critical Sociocultural Knowledge for Teaching and Teacher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Keffrelyn D.

    2013-01-01

    Drawing from the work of philosophers Sylvia Wynter and Ian Hacking, in this conceptual article I argue why a humanizing critical approach to sociocultural knowledge is needed for teacher education, particularly in preparing teachers to work effectively with black students. In light of enduring concerns in teacher education with improving the…

  17. Task Force Butler: A Case Study in the Employment of an Ad Hoc Unit in Combat Operations, During Operation Dragoon, 1-30 August 1944

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-12-14

    13 It was not until 2 July 1944, that General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, the Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater, was ordered to launch...John. I Remember, Stories of a Combat Infantrymen in World War II. Livermore: Camino Press, 1993. Summer, Ian . The French Army 1939-45 (1). Men-at

  18. Publications | Distributed Generation Market Demand Model | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    , Changgui, Benjamin Sigrin, and Gregory Brinkman The Impacts of Changes to Nevada's Net Metering Policy on Business Model Reforms for Addressing the Financial Impacts of Distributed Solar on Utilities, NREL Authors: Lantz, Eric, Benjamin Sigrin, Michael Gleason, Robert Preus, and Ian Baring-Gould Impacts of

  19. CONASTA Brings Teachers a Kaleidoscope of Science

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Teaching Science, 2015

    2015-01-01

    From star systems to social systems, CONASTA 64 connects teachers to researchers and scientists working on the cutting edge of modern science. We asked two CONASTA 64 Keynote speakers, Steven Tingay and Ian Walker to share their passion for their work and their dedication for giving back to the science community.

  20. Consensus report on the future of animal-free systemic toxicity testing

    EPA Science Inventory

    This is a multi-authored consensus report from conferences held in 2011-2012. Complete author listing is as follows: Marcel Leist1,2, Nina Hasiwa1, Costanza Rovida1, Mardas Daneshian1, David Basketter3, Ian Kimber4, Harvey Clewell5, Tilman Gocht6, Alan Goldberg7, Derek Knight8, G...

  1. Large-Scale Distributed Coalition Formation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-09-01

    Ripeanu, Matei, Adriana Iamnitchi, and Ian Foster. “Mapping the Gnutella Network”. IEEE Internet Computing, 6(1):50–57, 2002. 78. Rowstron, Antony I...for Search. Working Papers 95-02-010, Santa Fe Institute, February 1995. 97. Xu, Yang, Paul Scerri, Bin Yu, Steven Okamoto, Michael Lewis, and Ka

  2. The Exclusion and Distortion of African American Perspectives in Peace Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berlowitz, Marvin J.; Long, Nathan A.; Jackson, Eric R.

    2006-01-01

    In the Fall 2003 issue of Educational Studies, Ian Harris provided a historical assessment of the progress of peace education in the United States, in which he concluded with the sobering observation that, "peace education remains peripheral to mainstream educational endeavors" (349). Harris attributed the failures of peace education to the…

  3. State and Nonstate Associated Gangs: Credible ’Midwives of New Social Orders’

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-05-01

    Anthology, p. 671. 11. Ibid. 12. Lenin, “The Tasks of the Russian Social Democrats,” Anthology, pp. 3-12. 13. Ian Beckett , “The Future of...Building Risk Assessment and Crisis Early Warning Systems, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998. 53. Phil Williams, From the New Middle Ages to a New

  4. A First Step Towards Network Security Virtualization: From Concept to Prototype

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-10-01

    ec2 security groups. http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-network- security.html. [3] Jeffrey R. Ballard, Ian Rae, and Aditya...20] Matthew L. Meola Michael J. Freedman Jennifer Rexford Nate Foster, Rob Harrison and David Walker. Frenetic: A High-Level Langauge for OpenFlow

  5. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Depression: The Research Evidence

    PubMed Central

    Butler, Lee; Pilkington, Karen

    2013-01-01

    Background. Alternative approaches for managing depression are often sought and herbal mixtures are widely used in China. The aim of this paper was to provide an overall picture of the current evidence by analysing published systematic reviews and presenting a supplementary systematic review of trials in Western databases. Methods. Searches were conducted using AMED, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and trial registers. Results were screened and selected trials were evaluated by two reviewers working independently. Systematic reviews were identified and assessed using key criteria. Results. Five systematic reviews were located addressing the Chinese literature, adjunctive use of Chinese herbs, and the formulae Chaihu-Shugan-San, Xiao Yao San, and Free and Easy Wanderer Plus. The supplementary review located 8 trials, 3 of which were not included in previous reviews. Positive results were reported: no significant differences from medication, greater effect than medication or placebo, reduced adverse event rates when combined or compared with antidepressants. However, limitations in methodology and reporting were revealed. Conclusions. Despite promising results, particularly for Xiao Yao San and its modifications, the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine in depression could not be fully substantiated based on current evidence. Further well-designed, well-reported trials that reflect practice may be worth pursuing. PMID:23476701

  6. Concurrent administration of anticancer chemotherapy drug and herbal medicine on the perspective of pharmacokinetics.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Yung-Yi; Hsieh, Chen-Hsi; Tsai, Tung-Hu

    2018-04-01

    With an increasing number of cancer patients seeking an improved quality of life, complementary and alternative therapies are becoming more common ways to achieve such improvements. The potential risks of concurrent administration are serious and must be addressed. However, comprehensive evidence for the risks and benefits of combining anticancer drugs with traditional herbs is rare. Pharmacokinetic investigations are an efficient way to understand the influence of concomitant remedies. Therefore, this study aimed to collect the results of pharmacokinetic studies relating to the concurrent use of cancer chemotherapy and complementary and alternative therapies. According to the National Health Insurance (NHI) database in Taiwan and several publications, the three most commonly prescribed formulations for cancer patients are Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San and Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang. The three most commonly prescribed single herbs for cancer patients are Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, and Astragalus membranaceus. Few studies have discussed herb-drug interactions involving these herbs from a pharmacokinetics perspective. Here, we reviewed Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang, Curcuma longa and milk thistle to provide information based on pharmacokinetic evidence for healthcare professionals to use in educating patients about the risks of the concomitant use of various remedies. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  7. Chinese herbal medicine and depression: the research evidence.

    PubMed

    Butler, Lee; Pilkington, Karen

    2013-01-01

    Background. Alternative approaches for managing depression are often sought and herbal mixtures are widely used in China. The aim of this paper was to provide an overall picture of the current evidence by analysing published systematic reviews and presenting a supplementary systematic review of trials in Western databases. Methods. Searches were conducted using AMED, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and trial registers. Results were screened and selected trials were evaluated by two reviewers working independently. Systematic reviews were identified and assessed using key criteria. Results. Five systematic reviews were located addressing the Chinese literature, adjunctive use of Chinese herbs, and the formulae Chaihu-Shugan-San, Xiao Yao San, and Free and Easy Wanderer Plus. The supplementary review located 8 trials, 3 of which were not included in previous reviews. Positive results were reported: no significant differences from medication, greater effect than medication or placebo, reduced adverse event rates when combined or compared with antidepressants. However, limitations in methodology and reporting were revealed. Conclusions. Despite promising results, particularly for Xiao Yao San and its modifications, the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine in depression could not be fully substantiated based on current evidence. Further well-designed, well-reported trials that reflect practice may be worth pursuing.

  8. The Social Science Teacher; Vol. 4, No. 1, Summer 1974.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Townley, Charles, Ed.

    This new British journal is a medium of communication for those involved in teaching social science and social studies at the secondary and elementary levels. The first article in this issue, Ian Shelton's "The Sociology of Everyday Life," describes an experimental short course in secondary sociology. The course is designed to produce an…

  9. Exploiting Semi-Directional Transceivers for Localization in Communication Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-03-01

    some of those late nights. To Patrick S. and Maura D., you guys made AFIT home away from home for me. Additionally to all of my classmates and...conference on Mobile com- puting and networking, 151–159. IEEE Computer Society, ACM Press, Berkeley, CA, November 1995. 6. Kelly , Ian and Alcherio Martinoli

  10. Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Regulators Workshop: Lessons from Wind

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baring-Gould, E. Ian

    2015-09-03

    Ian Baring-Gould presented these lessons learned from wind energy to an audience of marine hydrokinetic regulators. Lessons learned spanned the areas of technology advances, using collaborative approaches to involve key stakeholders; using baseline studies to measure and prioritize wildlife impacts, and look at avoidance and mitigation options early in the process.

  11. Criticism and the Ethics of Negative Reviews

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peters, Michael A.

    2014-01-01

    This paper is an attempt to work through my own angst at a negative review of my "Education, Philosophy and Politics," reviewed recently by Ian Stronach for the "British Educational Research Journal," and to provide a therapeutic reading of the ethics of negative reviews. What of "shots in the dark" and should there…

  12. The Teacher and the Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Duke, Nell K.; Cervetti, Gina N.; Wise, Crystal N.

    2016-01-01

    "In Becoming a Nation of Readers" ("BNR") (1985), Richard C. Anderson, Elfrieda H. Hiebert, Judith A. Scott, and Ian A. G. Wilkinson argued that the quality of teaching is a powerful influence on children's reading development--more powerful than the influence of the general teaching approach or materials used. In this article,…

  13. All the World's a Stage

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stanistreet, Paul

    2011-01-01

    Open Stages is Britain's biggest amateur theatre project, a hugely ambitious scheme to bring the professional and amateur theatre worlds together. It is a learning project but, as the Royal Shakespeare Company's Ian Wainwright tells this author, it is not only the amateurs who are learning. Wainwright states that the amateur and professional…

  14. Teaching "The Lesson of Satire": Using "The Wipers Times" to Build an Enquiry on the First World War

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Mary; Massey, Carolyn

    2014-01-01

    "Blackadder for real" is how the British journalist and broadcaster, Ian Hislop, characterised "The Wipers Time", the newspaper published on the front line by members of the 12th Battalion Sherwood, and recently brought to a new audience in Hislop's BBC dramatisation. Mary Brown and Carolyn Massey were immediately struck by the…

  15. Proceedings of Technology Showcase Held in Huntsville, Alabama on 7-9 August 1990

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-08-09

    Miese desirable daracteristics are as valid today as they were when the 1553 bus was created, but today IAN tecnology offers an order of magnitude...AP dust) and a dryer (to remove any water) to a compressor which recompresses the vapor before it is pumped into a condenser. The fourth step of the

  16. National Dam Safety Program. MO Noname 27 Dam (MO 10353), Missouri - Nemaha - Nodaway Basin, Holt County, Missouri. Phase I Inspection Report.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-05-01

    life or property. OFl1473 EDTIOM Of I NOV 6S IS OBSOLETE .1 -CA FW IAN "’n.... UNCI.ASSTFTR~n ,SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered...data were developed from the USGS Maitland , Missouri 15 minute topographic quadrangle map. The hydraulic computations for the spillway and dam

  17. Occasional Papers in Open and Distance Learning, Number 13.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Donnan, Peter, Ed.

    Each of the four papers in this collection is concerned with open learning in one form or another. "Open Learning: Some Current Perspectives" (Ian Barnard) addresses the topic of open learning in general, commenting on contemporary views and developments, and defining the term as a collective for approaches and practices that focus on…

  18. ILO/KRIVET National Tripartite Workshop: Workplace Learning in a Globalizing World [Proceedings] (Seoul, South Korea, November 29-30, 2001).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Korea Research Inst. for Vocational Education and Training, Seoul.

    This document contains the following five papers, all in both English and Korean, from a workshop on on-the-job training held in Korea in 2001: "Issues in Knowledge and Skills Development: Globalization and the Effective Use of New Technologies" (S. Ian Cummings); "The Knowledge Economy and Vocational Training Policy in Korea"…

  19. First report of Ceratocystis wilt on `Ohi`a

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    'Ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaudich.) is Hawai'i’s most widespread native tree, occurring from sea level to 2500 m elevation in both dry and wet forests and on substrates ranging from 50 to 4 million years in age (1). It is the most ecologically important native Hawai'ian tree, defining native f...

  20. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Adult and Continuing Education Research Conference (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1999).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    King, Kathleen P., Ed.; Ferro, Trenton R., Ed.

    These proceedings consist of 18 papers from a conference to provide researchers and practitioners with a forum for sharing research findings that focus on the link between research and practice in adult, continuing, and community education. The five invited papers are as follows: "Towards a Pedagogy of Ethical Coercion" (Ian Baptiste); "Circuit of…

  1. Systems Science

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Christakis, Alexander; Hammond, Debora; Jackson, Michael; Laszlo, Alexander; Mitroff, Ian; Snowden, Dave; Troncale, Len; Carr-Chellman, Alison; Spector, J. Michael; Wilson, Brent

    2013-01-01

    Scholars representing the field of systems science were asked to identify what they considered to be the most exciting and imaginative work currently being done in their field, as well as how that work might change our understanding. The scholars included Alexander Christakis, Debora Hammond, Michael Jackson, Alexander Laszlo, Ian Mitroff, Dave…

  2. Focus on Shakespearean Films.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Eckert, Charles W., Ed.

    This is an anthology of reviews and critical pieces of the significant and available Shakespearean films made between 1935 and 1966. Included are three general essays on Shakespearean film by Ian Johnson, Henri Lemaitre, and Geoffrey Reeves. The specific films and their reviewers are: A Midsummer's Night Dream (1935) Allardyce Nicoll and Richard…

  3. The Experiences of Disabled Pupils and Their Families

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lewis, Ann; Davison, Ian; Ellins, Jean; Niblett, Louise; Parsons, Sarah; Robertson, Christopher; Sharpe, Jeremy

    2007-01-01

    In this article, Ann Lewis, Professor of Education at the University of Birmingham, and Ian Davison, Jean Ellins, Louise Niblett, Sarah Parsons, Christopher Robertson and Jeremy Sharpe from the research team provide a summary of discussions and selected recommendations arising from four linked projects run between 2004 and 2006. The projects were…

  4. Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-12-05

    aniracetam was found recently to enhance the conductance of AMPA receptors expressed in oocytes from rat brain mRNA without altering responses by NMDA and...laboratory using the two input paradigm indicates that aniracetam increases control responses by 25 ± 8% (n = 20) but potentiated inputs by only 14 ± 6... aniracetam has no effect on NMDA receptor mediated responses (Xiao et al., in oreo.). These latter experiments used the paradigm established by Muller

  5. Real-Time Dosimetry and Optimization of Prostate Photodynamic Therapy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    photodynamic therapy in patients with prostate cancer,” IPA 9th World Congress of Photodynamic Medicine, (2003). 2. Zhu TC, Diana S, Dimofte A...photodynamic therapy,” IPA 9th World Congress of Photodynamic Medicine, (2003). 3. Zhu TC, Altschuler M, Xiao Y, Finlay J, Dimofte A, Hahn SM, “Light...Optimization of treatment plan using Cimmino algorithm in prostate photodynamic therapy,” IPA 10th World Congress of Photodynamic Medicine, Munich

  6. Delta-Tocotrienol Protects Mouse and Human Hematopoietic Progenitors from Gamma-Irradiation Through Erk/mTOR Signaling

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    δ- tocotrienol protects mouse and human hematopoietic progenitors from γ-irradiation through Erk/mTOR signaling by Xiang Hong Li, Dadin Fu, Nabil H...print] Citation: Li XH, Fu D, Latif NH, Mullaney CP, Ney PH, Mog SR, Whitnall MH, Srinivasan V, and Xiao M. δ- tocotrienol protects mouse and human...2010 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2010 to 00-00-2010 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE !- tocotrienol protects mouse and human hematopoietic

  7. China Report, Economic Affairs No. 349

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-06-13

    land at the project is the highest for the six mine shafts being rush-built in the province this year, the cost of each mu being on average double ...Development Strategy Relationship Discussed (Xiao Heng; NINGXIA RIBAO, 10 Feb 83) 16 a - [III - CC - 83] FINANCE AND BANKING Switch-to- Taxation ...Oceanologists Propose Ambitious Ocean Exploitation Plan (XINHUA, 8 May 83) Local Opposition Delays Building of Key Coal Mine (Hunan Provincial Service

  8. NREL Employees Honored by Industry Associations | News | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    Engineer Ian Metzger has been named by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning achievements by ASHRAE members who have successfully applied innovative building design. The RSF project followed the integrated design process and used design tools and concepts developed by the NREL Building

  9. Helping Students Put Shape on the Past: Systematic Use of Analogies to Accelerate Understanding

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Myson, Ian

    2006-01-01

    One of the challenges facing pupils in the history classroom is conceptual understanding. Pupils also find it difficult to recognise themes or patterns across different parts of time and space. Ian Myson has recognised the importance of analogy as a way to facilitate pupils' understanding. He is quick to recognise, however, that poor use of…

  10. I Love My Librarian Award: An Award That Recognizes Great Librarians Also Highlights the Central Role of Libraries in Communities across America. Carnegie Results

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Deutsch, Abigail

    2013-01-01

    The Carnegie Corporation of New York/"New York Times" I Love My Librar­ian Award publicizes librarians' abilities to improve their communities, and by highlighting the achievements of the winners, inspire other librarians to boost their own performance. Since the award's creation in 2008, it has helped the public to better understand…

  11. Effects of High Power Lasers, Number 5, September 1974 - February 1975

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-05-01

    EOM J AiO FG1V FiKhOM F-KhMM FMiM FTP FTT FZh GiA GiK IAN Arm D\\.N Az SOURCE AB13Ri:viATIONS Avtomatika i tclcmekhanika Acta physica ... polonica Akadcniya nauk Armyanskoy SSR. Doklady Akadcrniya nauk Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR. Doklady Akadcrniya nauk Belorusskoy SSR. Doklady Ak

  12. Strategic Vision: A Selected Bibliography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-03-01

    Ten Speed Press, 2006. 394pp. (HD53 .M31 2006) Morgan, Howard, Phil Harkins, and Marshall Goldsmith, eds. “Coaching for Organizational Change.” In The...349pp. (HF1418.5 .W27 2004) Periodical Articles Beckett , Ian. “The Future of Insurgency.” Small Wars and Insurgencies 16 (March 2005): 22-36

  13. I/MLEs and the Uneven Return of Pastoral Power

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bojesen, Emile

    2017-01-01

    Informed by the work of the work of Michel Foucault, Ian Hunter, and Ansgar Allen, this paper argues that I/MLEs are not the creation of a "modern" or "innovative" learning environment but rather the reclamation of an educational technique that was pioneered en masse almost two centuries ago (and based on practices many…

  14. Co-operative Learning for Students with Difficulties in Learning: A Description of Models and Guidelines for Implementation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Murphy, Ellen; Grey, Ian M.; Honan, Rita

    2005-01-01

    As part of a larger study regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream classroom settings, Ellen Murphy, of the D Clin Psych programme at NUI Galway, with Ian Grey and Rita Honan, from Trinity College, Dublin, reviewed existing literature on co-operative learning in the classroom. In this article, they identify four models…

  15. How Tight is the Linkage Between Trees and Trout?

    Treesearch

    Margaret A. Wilzbach

    1989-01-01

    This paper explores the tightness of the linkage between stream-dwelling salmonids and ripar ian vegetation. Comparison of original distributions of salmonid species with that of vegetation types shows that distribution within a given salmonid species is not limited to a specific vegetation type, and that different salmonid species cooccur within a given vegetation...

  16. Just like Real Scientists

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Betteley, Pat

    2009-01-01

    How do you inspire students to keep records like scientists? Share the primary research of real scientists and explicitly teach students how to keep records--that's how! Therefore, a group of third-grade students and their teacher studied the work of famous primatologist Jane Goodall and her modern-day counterpart Ian Gilby. After learning about…

  17. Medico-Science and School Hygiene: A Contribution to a History of the Senses in Schooling

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Milewski, Patrice

    2014-01-01

    This article takes as its inspiration Ian Grosvenor's conjectural essay presented for the symposium "Historiography of the Future: Looking Back to the Future" held at the International Standing Conference for History of Education (ISCHE) 33 in July 2011 in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. It contributes to a sensory history of schooling by…

  18. The Monthly Sky Guide: Sixth Edition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil

    2003-06-01

    The latest edition of Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion's popular guide to the night sky is updated for planet positions and forthcoming eclipses up to the end of the year 2007. With one chapter for each month of the year, this is an easy-to-use handbook for anyone wanting to identify constellations, star clusters, nebulae, to plot the movement of planets, or witness solar and lunar eclipses. Most of the features discussed are visible to the naked eye and all can be seen with a small telescope or binoculars. Ian Ridpath has been a full-time writer, broadcaster and lecturer on astronomy and space for more than twenty-five years. He has written and edited more than 40 books, including A Comet Called Haley (Cambridge, 1985). Wil Tirion made his first star map in 1977. It showed stars to the magnitude of 6.5 and was issued as a set of maps by the British Astronomical Association in 1981. He has illustrated numerous books and magazines, including The Cambridge Star Atlas (Cambridge, 2001). Previous Edition Pb (1999): 0-521-66771-2

  19. Computer Simulation of Breast Cancer Screening

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-07-01

    21. Tompkins PA, Abreu CC, Carroll FE, Xiao therapeutic medical physics. Med Phys 14. Gentry JR, DeWerd LA. TLD measure- QF, MacDonald CA. Use of...capillary op- 1996; 23:1997-2005. ments of in vivo mammographic expo- tics as a beam intensifier for a Compton 28. Hammerstein GR, Miller DW, White DR...cm), and was only poorly correlated thicker slices. with breast thickness (r2 0.159). The For comparison images and dosimetry , magnification factor

  20. VCSEL End-Pumped Passively Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser with Adjustable Pulse Energy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-02-28

    entire VCSEL array. Neglecting lens aberrations, the focused spot diameter is given by focal length of the lens times the full divergence angle of the...pump intensity distribution generated by a pump-light-focusing lens . ©2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.3530) Lasers Neodymium...Passive Q-Switch and Brewster Plate in a Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 31(10), 1738–1741 (1995). 6. G. Xiao, and M. Bass, “A

  1. Integrated Microfluidic Variable Optical Attenuator

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-11-28

    Quantum Electron. 5, pp. 1289–1297 (1999). 5. G. Z. Xiao, Z. Zhang, and C. P. Grover, “A variable optical attenuator based on a straight polymer –silica...1998). 18. Y. Huang, G.T. Paloczi, J. K. S. Poon, and A. Yariv, “Bottom-up soft-lithographic fabrication of three- dimensional multilayer polymer ...quality without damaging polymer materials under high temperatures, resulting in a core index of 1.561 and cladding index of 1.546. The refractive

  2. Partnership, Efficiency, and Effectiveness--AUA Annual Lecture 2015

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Diamond, Ian

    2016-01-01

    Professor Sir Ian Diamond is Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, an appointment he has held since 1 April 2010. He was previously Chief Executive of the Economic and Social Research Council. He was also Chair of the Research Councils UK Executive Group (2004-2009) the umbrella body that represents all seven UK Research…

  3. Doors Open

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Melia, Ed

    2008-01-01

    Not all of crime writer Ian Rankin's inspiration comes from Edinburgh's mean streets. When it came to writing a Quick Read--one of the short, fast-paced books for reluctant, returning or emergent readers--the Beach Boys provided the unlikely germ for an idea. Despite his success and obvious delight and energy for writing, Rankin admits to being a…

  4. Engineers with nozzles fabricated using a freeform-directed ener

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-03-15

    Engineers from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center's Propulsion Department examine nozzles fabricated using a freeform-directed energy wire deposition process. From left are Paul Gradl, Will Brandsmeier, Ian Johnston and Sandy Greene, with the nozzles, which were built using a NASA-patented technology that has the potential to reduce build time from several months to several weeks.

  5. Sonic Fatigue Design Techniques for Advanced Composite Aircraft Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-04-01

    AFWAL-TR-80.3019 AD A 090553 SONIC FATIGUE DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR ADVANCED COMPOSITE AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES FINAL REPORT Ian Holehouse Rohr Industries...5 2. General Sonic Fatigue Theory .... ....... 7 3. Composite Laminate Analysis .. ....... ... 10 4. Preliminary Sonic Fatigue...overall sonic fatigue design guides. These existing desiyn methcds have been developed for metal structures. However, recent advanced composite

  6. Man: Planetary Disease. The 1971 B. Y. Morrison Memorial Lecture.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McHarg, Ian L.

    The 1971 B.Y. Morrison Memorial Lecture by Ian L. McHarg, noted landscape architect, planner, and lecturer, is presented in this pamphlet. His expose is two-fold. "Man is an epidemic, multiplying at a superexponential rate, destroying the environment upon which he depends, and threatening his own extinction. He treats the world as a storehouse…

  7. Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Watt, Ian, Ed.

    One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by Virginia Woolf, C. S. Lewis, Edmund Wilson, Ian Watt, Alan D. McKillop, Reuben A. Brower, Marvin Mudrick, Mark Schorer, Arnold Kettle, Lionel Trilling, Kingsley Amis, Andrew H. Wright, Donald J. Greene, and D. W.…

  8. Prediction of Supersonic Store Separation Characteristics Including Fuselage and Stores of Noncircular Cross Section. Volume III. Appendices A and B, Details of Program I.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-01

    IZPT,ITH,IDEL,NTAP7,IAR,IAN,IUB, IGB(7) ,IVB,IU,IV,IW,IVA,IWA, ICP, IPHI,IYB,NAG,NAP,NAV,NAS, NASHK, NAFLD ,IAO,IDO,ISKO,TYIMI,IZIM,ISVN,ISKP,NRING,IROW...locations in blank common required in SOLVE NASHIK maximum locations in blank common required in BSHOCK NAFLD maximum locations in blank common

  9. Targeting Neuronal-like Metabolism of Metastatic Tumor Cells as a Novel Therapy for Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-03-01

    Contribution to Project: Ian primarily focuses on developing tissue imaging pipeline and perform imaging data analysis . Funding Support: Partially...3D ReconsTruction), a multi-faceted image analysis pipeline , permitting quantitative interrogation of functional implications of heterogeneous... analysis pipeline , to observe and quantify phenotypic metastatic landscape heterogeneity in situ with spatial and molecular resolution. Our implementation

  10. Invited Lectures from a Spatial Orientation Symposium in Honor of Frederick Guedry, Day 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    111  Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Endolymph Flow around Hair Cell Bundle ̶ Wallace Grant...Wallace Grant: Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Endolymph Flow around Hair Cell Bundle  Ian Curthoys: Update from Sydney  Discussion Tactile...usefulness of preserving free- flowing scholarly discussion. It is in the spirit of those fascinating early discussions among vestibular researchers1

  11. Genomics - the new rock and roll?

    PubMed

    Dunham, I

    2000-10-01

    The end of the beginning of the Human Genome Project was announced on 26 June when the working draft or first assembly was announced. Here, Ian Dunham who led the group at the Sanger Centre that produced the first complete sequence of a human chromosome reflects on how it felt to be with the genome project from the beginning.

  12. Speculative Pedagogy: Education, Entrepreneurialism and the Politics of Inclusion in Contemporary Sweden

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dahlstedt, Magnus; Tesfahuney, Mekonnen

    2010-01-01

    In this paper the authors focus on the consequences of economies and cultures of speculation in the field of education. Education is one of the arenas where the logics of speculation are being played out. It is argued that the major shifts in educational policy over the past decades in Sweden derive from what Ian Baucom aptly called…

  13. A New Version of Optimism for Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bojesen, Emile

    2018-01-01

    The primary purpose of this paper is to outline the conceptual means by which it is possible to be optimistic about education. To provide this outline I turn to Ian Hunter and David Blacker, after a brief introduction to Nietzsche's conceptions of optimism and pessimism, to show why certain forms of optimism in education are either intellectually…

  14. Yeats: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Unterecker, John, Ed.

    One of a series of works aimed at presenting contemporary critical opinion on major authors, this collection includes essays by John Unterecker, W. H. Auden, High Kenner, Giogio Melchiori, Frank Kermode, W. Y. Tindall, T. S. Eliot, R. P. Blackmur, Alex Zwerdling, Curtis Bradford, D. J. Gordon, Ian Fletcher, A. G. Stock, Allen Tate, and Richard…

  15. But What Is There to See? An Exploration of a Great Plains Aesthetic

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tangney, ShaunAnne

    2004-01-01

    In the fall of 2001 I taught a beginning college composition course at Minot State University, a small state university located in the northwestern quadrant of North Dakota. It is typical of such courses to include a fair amount of reading, and one of the texts I assigned was Ian Frazier's "Great Plains". The book is a travelogue that…

  16. [Effects of venom from Sclerodermus sichuanensis Xiao on pupa of Tenebrio molitor].

    PubMed

    Zhuo, Zhi-Hang; Yang, Wei; Qin, Huan; Yang, Chun-Ping; Yang, Hua; Xu, Dan-Ping

    2013-11-01

    To explore the regulatory mechanisms of parasitism of Sclerodermus sichuanensis on Tenebrio molitor, the methods of natural parasitism and venom injection were adopted to investigate the effects of the venom from S. sichuanensis on the pupa of T. molitor in the parasitic process. Under venom injection, the paralytic degree of the pupa had a positive correlation with the concentration of injected venom, and the number of recovered pupa had a negative correlation with the injected venom concentration. The T. molitor pupa was in slight and reversible paralysis when injected with 0.01 VRE (venom reservoir equivalent) of venom, and in non-reversible and complete paralysis when 0.2 VRE was injected. The pupa died massively and appeared a wide range of melanization when injected with soil bacterial suspension alone, but the melanization delayed and the mortality declined significantly when the mixed liquor of bacterium and venom was injected. The bacteriostasis of the venom on Staphylococcus aureus was significantly stronger than that on Escherichia coli. Within a definite range of temperature, the paralytic activity decreased significantly with increasing temperature, the bacteriostasis on S. aureus increased significantly, while that on E. coli was opposite. This study showed that the venom from S. sichuanensis had the effects of paralysis, bacteriostasis, inhibiting exuviations, and delaying melanization.

  17. The Use and the Prescription Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine Among Urolithiasis Patients in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study.

    PubMed

    Lin, Po-Hung; Lin, Shun-Ku; Hsu, Ren-Jun; Cheng, Kuan-Chen; Liu, Jui-Ming

    2016-01-01

    To investigate the pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) usage for urolithiasis patients in Taiwan and to determine the most common Chinese herbal products used for urolithiasis. Retrospective review of urolithiasis patients treated with TCM treatment. One million randomly selected samples in the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2008. Eighty-two thousand five hundred and fifty-one newly diagnosed urolithiasis patients. The correlation between TCM treatment, demographic factors, or medical conditions. A total of 62.6% of urolithiasis patients use TCM treatment. A younger age, female gender, polypharmacy, multiple comorbidities, and stone in the lower urinary tract result in a greater tendency to use TCM, after adjusting for demographic factors. Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San Extract Powder and Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan Extract Powder are the most frequently prescribed Chinese medicine formulae. This is the first study to examine the use of and the prescription pattern for TCM in urolithiasis patients using a random, national population-based sample. More than 62% of urolithiasis patients use TCM, and patients with polypharmacy, multiple comorbidities, and stone in the ureter are more likely to use TCM. The most frequently prescribed Chinese medicine formulae were Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San Extract Powder and Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan Extract Powder, which were reported to retard the progression of renal failure and alleviate flank pain or tenderness.

  18. Rapid screening natural-origin lipase inhibitors from hypolipidemic decoctions by ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Shun; Yu, Runru; Ai, Ni; Fan, Xiaohui

    2015-02-01

    Lipase inhibitors generate hypolipidemic effect that is helpful to control or treat some obesity diseases by inactivating catalytic activity of human pancreatic lipase, a key enzyme involved in triglyceride hydrolysis in vivo. Many traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae have been effectively used to treat obesity and other fat related diseases for centuries and modern biological experiments demonstrate therapeutic effect of these formulae can be linked to their lipid-lowering capability in blood. These observations suggest that these hypolipidemic decoctions (HDs) could be a promising resource of natural-origin lipase inhibitors. This work described a rapid approach for screening lipase inhibitors from four widely used HDs, including Wu-Ling-San (WLS), Ze-Xie decoction (ZX), Xiao-Xian-Xiong decoction (XXX) and Xiao-Chai-Hu decoction (XCH), by ultrafiltration combing with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Our results showed sixteen natural-origin lipase inhibitors were discovered and identified by high resolution and multistage mass spectrometry. Inhibitory activities of two compounds were confirmed by a functional assay of lipase, which validated the reliability of our approach. Molecular docking simulation was then performed to investigate potential mechanism of action for these compounds. Together we present an efficient method for rapid screening lipase inhibitors from complex natural products, which can be easily accommodated to other important enzymatic system with therapeutic values. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. JPRS Report, China Red Flag No 15, 1 August 1987

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-10-07

    9-13) (Xiao Ke) • • • • • 1* Consolidate and Develop a New Type of Army-Government and Army-People Relationship (pp 14-17) (Wang Fang, Li Qing...the Socialist Commodity Economy (pp 44-46) ( Li Guangyuan) 78 ’Emotional Investment’ Viewed From Various Angles (p 47) (Lei Ke) 85 Singing the...counted as a setback, but it was precisely during the setback of the great revolution that our Army was founded. During the 25,000- li Long March

  20. First Public Report on the Military Academy Chinese People’s Liberation Army Military Pictures Collection (Selected Articles),

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-10-10

    Cooperation, by Liu Jienyang, Zhao Rueishan, Ze Fu .......... 35 > A Visit to the Institute of Guided Missile Technology, by Zhang Juzheng, Li Weiliang...4,. *1 .4 9- -I. .p *. .4 I-.- a. S.... .4 11 l.a. 9-.4 *49.4*~*9*~. ° - S’: Key: (1) Analyst Li Xien studies techniques hard in the field in...leader Chairman Hua, Vice Chairmen Ye Jianying , Deng Xiao- ping, Wang Dongxing and other leaders of the party, state and militaryarrived at the

  1. WHK Interns Sweep Entire Category at Frederick County Science Fair | Poster

    Cancer.gov

    By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The competitors in the cellular and molecular biology category of the Frederick County Science and Engineering Fair on March 22–23 didn’t stand a chance against the Werner H. Kirsten student interns at the National Cancer Institute at Frederick. These interns swept the entire category, with Madelyne Xiao, a rising intern, winning first place; Maria Hamscher, second place; Ashley Babyak and Dahlia Kronfli tying for third place; and Maham Ahmed receiving an honorable mention.

  2. Unidirectional Anisotropy in Manganite Based Ferromagnetic-Antiferromagnetic Multilayers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-01-01

    under ductile or tensile strain that results in changes of magnetic anisotropy and MR properties [23-27]. In what follows we report on the magnetic ...Simultaneous Structural, Magnetic , and Electronic Transitions in Lai.- CaMnO3 with x=0.25 and x=0.50, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4488-4491 3. Yu Lu, U, X.W...Gang Xiao, Lecoeur, P., and, McGuire, T.R., (1996) Perovskite oxide superlattices: magnetotransport and magnetic properties Phys. Rev. B54, R3742-3745

  3. The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 73, Number 5, November 1930

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1930-11-01

    SOLDIERS. ARMY SWIMMING IN HAWAll 439 experienceup till a year ago--when he enlisted-this year won the Hawai- ian Open Championship in plain and...34I’m damned if I will goe to warre, And joyne in battle’s hel, Armed with some chaIke, some cotton wayste, And a nickel-playted bel! "Itte makes me

  4. Wind Energy Workforce Development: A Roadmap to a Wind Energy Educational Infrastructure (Presentation)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baring-Gould, I.

    2011-05-01

    Wind Powering America national technical director Ian Baring-Gould made this presentation about workforce development in the wind energy industry to an audience at the American Wind Energy Association's annual WINDPOWER conference in Anaheim. The presentation outlines job projections from the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 report and steps to take at all levels of educational institutions to meet those projections.

  5. Big Science and Big Big Science

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marshall, Steve

    2012-01-01

    In his introduction to the science shows feature in "Primary Science" 115, Ian B. Dunne asks the question "Why have science shows?" He lists a host of very sound reasons, starting with because "science is fun" so why not engage and entertain, inspire, grab attention and encourage them to learn? He goes onto to state that: "Even in today's…

  6. Astrophysical and Geophysical Flows as Dynamical Systems. 1998 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-01-01

    Jerusalem, ISRAEL University of Miami Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Brown University University of Chicago University Politecnica de Catalunya...University Politecnica de Catalunya, SPAIN - Resonant Mode Interactions in Rayleigh-Benard Convection 2:30 pm Ian Melbourne, University of Houston... Transport in a Porous Layer 2:30 pm Michael Proctor, University of Cambridge, UK - Noise Sensitivity in Travelling-Wave Instabilities Week of July

  7. [Where are we in general sociology ?].

    PubMed

    Brian, Eric

    2012-01-01

    Over the last two decades, history and social sciences have experienced a kind of merging, and a vast number of specialized domains have emerged. Yet the durkheim - ian register of "general sociology" seems somehow neglected. Firstly, this article analyzes the reasons for this neglect, and secondly, it indicates how, through a long-term reflexivity, one can formulate a new agenda for general sociology.

  8. JPL-20140817-LDSDf-0001-Flying Saucer Test Flight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-08-17

    Ian Clark, Low Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD) Principal Investigator, narrates balloon launch, rocket firing and parachute testing on June 28, 2014. The LDSD is a concept for slowing a spacecraft entering Mars' atmosphere at supersonic speeds. For this test, the goal was to slow the test vehicle from four times the speed of sound to 2.5 times the speed of sound.

  9. Crime in Liverpool and First World War Soldiers from Hull: Using Databases to Explore the Real Depth in the Data

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillips, Ian

    2015-01-01

    Is it a good thing to have a lot of evidence? Surely the historian would answer that yes, it is: the more evidence that can be used, the better. The problem with this approach, though, is that too much data can be overwhelming for the history student--and, in Ian Phillips's experience, for the history student teacher. In this article Phillips…

  10. Scalable Quantum Networks for Distributed Computing and Sensing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-04-01

    probabilistic measurement , so we developed quantum memories and guided-wave implementations of same, demonstrating controlled delay of a heralded single...Second, fundamental scalability requires a method to synchronize protocols based on quantum measurements , which are inherently probabilistic. To meet...AFRL-AFOSR-UK-TR-2016-0007 Scalable Quantum Networks for Distributed Computing and Sensing Ian Walmsley THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Final Report 04/01

  11. Out of Joint: Independent Air Forces in Democratic Cultures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-01

    28 Ian Drury , “Could this be the...America, 104. 31 Colin Clark, “JSF Costs Rocket 50 Percent,” DoD Buzz Online Defense and Acquisition Journal, http://www.dodbuzz.com/2010/03/11...Clark, Colin , “JSF Costs Rocket 50 Percent,” DoD Buzz Online Defense and Acquisition Journal. Corum, James, S., “The Myth of Air Control

  12. Experimental and Analytical Development of the Application of a Transit Laser Velocimeter

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-01

    from 0.005" brass shim stock with carefully finished edges and chemically blackened surface and is slightly adjustable in position to compensate for...personnel by Mr. T. V. C i e l , ETF . Mr. V i r g i l Cline, PWr, and t h e f a c i l i t y technic ians . A 1" diameter underexpanded unheated

  13. Infection Related Inferior Alveolar Nerve Paresthesia in the Lower Premolar Teeth

    PubMed Central

    2016-01-01

    Introduction. The aim of this paper was to describe two cases of IAN infection-induced paresthesia and to discuss the most appropriate treatment solutions. Methods. For two patients, periapical lesions that induced IAN paresthesia were revealed. In the first case, the tooth was previously endodontically treated, whereas in the second case the lesion was due to pulp necrosis. Results. For the first patient, a progressive healing was observed only after the tooth extraction. In the second patient, the paresthesia had resolved after endodontic treatment. Conclusions. The endodontic-related paresthesia is a rare complication that can be the result of a combination of etiopathogenic mechanisms such as mechanical pressure on the nerve fibers due to the expanding infectious process and the production of microbial toxins. Paresthesia resulting from periapical lesions usually subsides through elimination of infection by root canal treatment. However, if there are no signs of enhancement, the immediate extraction of the tooth is the treatment of choice in order to prevent irreversible paresthesia because it was demonstrated that there is a correlation between the duration of mechanical or chemical irritation and the risk of permanent paresthesia. PMID:27597904

  14. Autorotation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bohr, Jakob; Markvorsen, Steen

    2016-02-01

    A continuous autorotation vector field along a framed space curve is defined, which describes the rotational progression of the frame. We obtain an exact integral for the length of the autorotation vector. This invokes the infinitesimal rotation vector of the frame progression and the unit vector field for the corresponding autorotation vector field. For closed curves we define an autorotation number whose integer value depends on the starting point of the curve. Upon curve deformations, the autorotation number is either constant, or can make a jump of (multiples of) plus-minus two, which corresponds to a change in rotation of multiples of 4π. The autorotation number is therefore not topologically conserved under all transformations. We discuss this within the context of generalised inflection points and of frame revisit points. The results may be applicable to physical systems such as polymers, proteins, and DNA. Finally, turbulence is discussed in the light of autorotation, as is the Philippine wine dance, the Dirac belt trick, and the 4π cycle of the flying snake. This paper is dedicated to Ian K Robinson on the occasion of Ian receiving the Gregori Aminoff Prize 2015.

  15. Identification of Novel Drug Targets and Lead Compounds for Advanced Prostate Cancer through Genomic and Cheminformatic Analyses

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-08-01

    AW, Mo F, Wang K, McConeghy B, Brahmbhatt S, Jong L, Mitchell DM, Johnston RL, Haegert A, Li E, Liew J , Yeung J , Shrestha R, Lapuk AV, McPherson A...Shukin R, Bell RH, Anderson S, Bishop J , Hurtado-Coll A, Xiao H, Chinnaiyan AM, Mehra R, Lin D, Wang Y, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Volik SV, Collins CC...Heterogeneity in the inter-tumor transcriptome of high risk prostate cancer. Genome Biol. (2014). 15: 426. [6]. Song T, Hwang KB, Hsing M, Lee K, Bohn J

  16. Experience with Proctectomy to Manage Combat Casualties Sustaining Catastrophic Perineal Blast Injury Complicated by Invasive Mucor Soft-Tissue Infections

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-03-01

    Complicated by Invasive Mucor Soft-Tissue Infections MAJ Jonathan B. Lundy, MC USA; MAJ Ian R. Driscoll, MC USA ABSTRACT Catastrophic pelviperineal injuries...invasive Mucor species infection. The purpose of this report is to describe two catastrophi- cally injured combat casualties with pelviperineal blast...loss of anal sphincter complex, invasive Mucor species pelvic soft- tissue infection, and continued soilage of perineal wounds. Combat Casualty 1 A 25

  17. Quantum Linear Systems Theory

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-02-15

    Matthew James, Andre Carvalho and Michael Hush completed some work analyzing cross-phase modulation using single photon quantum filtering techniques...ANU Michael Hush January – June, 2012, Postdoc, ANU Matthew R. James Professor, Australian National University Ian R. Petersen Professor...appear, IEEE Trans. Aut. Control., 2013. A. R. R. Carvalho, M. R. Hush , and M. R. James, “Cavity driven by a single photon: Conditional dynamics and

  18. Malaria Vaccine Study Site in Irian Jaya, Indonesia: Plasmodium Falciparum Incidence Measurements and Epidemiologic Considerations in Sample Size Estimation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-01-01

    an’iiel andve hwVr miiinonimmn duhs, Th- %%I 1 7 e d the rro lralJ 1!%-irncd.m lc it, u- I "n’. ea- L’s-’. E - didateJ vacin utp~ ntiltder ~inte (ian’r...start alence of Plaitasdiwn fidkipartom among six of aplaebo-ontolld vacin stdy. ncead-populations with limited histories of exposure toa plceb

  19. Finite Element Model for Nonaxisymmetric Structure with Rate Dependent Yield Conditions.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-02-01

    34 "Y" EL SIGMAR SIGMAZ SIGKAC SIGMARZ SIQGiAZC" I ’ SIGMACR SIGMAN SIGMAS SIGMAT SIGMANS’ 2 " SIGMATNP/n EPSR EPSZ EPSC EPSRZ 3 "EPSZC EPSCR EPSN...CONTINUE 2000 FORMAT( 129H1 EL R Z SIGMAR SIGMAZ SIGMAC SIGMA 1RZ SIGMAZC SIGMACR SIGtIAN SIGMAS SIGMAT SIGMANS SIGtIAST 2 SIGtIATN) 2001 FORMAT(1HO,15,1X

  20. New York Bight Study. Report 2, Development and Application of a Eutrophication/General Water Quality Model

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-04-01

    results 0 0 and provided direct superson. General supervision was provided by Mr. Donald L. Robey, Chief, EPED, and Dr. dmin Harison , Chief, EL. This...were thus completely dependent upon transport and ChWW 5 App5 • PAN& 41 0 C@M On Ian DO Ones Bun dwy Candhln (g 02 mn) nI" l a" 2 - am A6 8.57 7.57

  1. The Synoptician. Volume 2. Number 5. October 1991

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-10-01

    AD-A256 485 _ eLEThe S32NO Ptic ian AUG2 4 C "All the News and Data That’s Fit to Print" October 1991 Volume Two Number 5 In This Issue...S ician, 1 L-etters, 4, 583-586. 4 Platt, T., C. L. Gallegos, and W. G. Harison (1980) assuming that the vertical temperature profile has a

  2. Privacy-Enhancing Technologies for the Internet

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-01-01

    http://www.communities.com/paper/swamp.html 7 David Chaum , ``Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms,’’ Communications of...the ACM, February 1981, vol. 24 no. 2. http://www.eskimo.com/~weidai/mix-net.txt 8 David Chaum , ``Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments...Privacy-enhancing technologies for the Internet Ian Goldberg David Wagner Eric Brewer University of California, Berkeley {iang,daw,brewer

  3. Crisis -- A Leadership Opportunity

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-04-01

    recognized the great value in understanding crisis theory and the leadership strategies to employ during these situations. Additionally, we discovered...ed.: 50. Mitroff, Ian I. Crisis leadership : Planning for the Unthinkable. Hoboken: Wiley, 2004. Murphy, P. (1996). "Chaos Theory as a Model...Crisis–A Leadership Opportunity COL Victor Braden, ARNG CAPT Justin Cooper II, USN COL Michael Klingele, USA Lt Col John P

  4. Fan/Ram Duct Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1973-10-01

    turbofan engine shutoff scheme, the ram duct flow conditions, and the Ian duct shutoff vane area transi- tion schedule. This loss will be...airflow. The performance of the turbofan is neglected until the main engine burner is ignited. At that time it is assumed that the turbo - fan...B. Transient Operation . . .. TRANSIENT TRANSITION TEST CASES A. Turbofan to Ramjet B. Ramjet to Turbo fan CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  5. Suicide Bombers: Profiles, Methods and Techniques

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    in the makeup of suicide terrorists is “just a myth” and that religious convictions, political sentiments, and social conditions are of secondary...most terrorists are young and that their actions and psychological makeup vary according to social and cultural conditions.22 Professor Ian Ross...of the University of Baltimore provides an alternate view and believes that profiling is possible by combining social factors and psychological

  6. RAND Project Air Force Annual Report 2008

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-01-01

    Systems: Past Lessons and Future Recommendations, by Obaid Younossi, Mark A. Lorell, Kevin Brancato, Cynthia R. Cook, Mel Eisman, Bernard Fox, John C...Competency Development: Experience from Prince Sultan Air Base and Eskan Village in Saudi Arabia, by Laura Werber Castaneda, Lawrence M. Hanser, and...Proposal, by Michael R. Thirtle, Michael Boito, Ian P. Cook, Bernard Fox, Phyllis Gilmore, Michelle Grace, Jeff Hagen, Thomas Hamilton

  7. The National Water-Quality Assessment Program Invertebrate Data Analysis System (IDAS) Software: Version 3 (User’s Manual)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-01-01

    Steven Goodbred, Martin Gurtz, Evan Hornig, Clifford Hupp, Terry Maret , Michael Meador, Bruce Moring, Mark Munn, Karen Murray, James Petersen...Zappia, James Coles, Ian Waite, Thomas Abrahamsen, Elise Giddings, Robert Ourso, Mitch Harris, Terry Maret , Dorene MacCoy, Karen Murray, and...appropriate user manuals or online help: http://www.microsoft.com CAUTION: The installation package will alert you when it tries to replace an existing

  8. Shaka Zulu’s Linkage of Strategy and Tactics: An Early Form of Operational Art?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-05-22

    experienced a boom in population resulting from increased alliances.4 Shaka introduced a systematic reorganization of the military, and revolutionized his...birth to a baby boy named Shaka.16 After giving birth to 11Ian Knight, The Zulus (London...as a judge, and in a sense, created a court that constantly busy reviewing disputes. “Seldom had a day gone by without an execution, often on the

  9. Holistic Contract Administration in Army Forces Abroad

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-10-01

    Defense (DoD) civil- ian personnel—i.e., 1910 Quality Assurance Specialist, 1102 Contract Specialist, and 1103 Industrial Property Management Specialist... 1103 -series civilian property ad- ministrators throughout ACC, the battalion experienced diffi- culties hiring for these positions during its deployment...tasks. Counting on 1103 support, ACOs received minimal property training prior to deploy- ment. This proved to be a major setback as ACOs struggled

  10. Surgical Travellers: Tapestry to Bayeux

    PubMed Central

    Hedley-Whyte, John; Milamed, Debra R

    2014-01-01

    The planning for surgery in war was revisited in 1937 when Ian Fraser was elected a member of the Surgical Travellers. At their 1938 Surgical Travellers meeting in Vienna, Ian and Eleanor Fraser were evicted from their hotel room by the Nazis. The 1939 meeting in Belfast discussed the organization of surgery and the conduct of Emergency Medical Service Hospitals in the United Kingdom; the vast majority were to be under civilian government and military control. From 1943 lengthy and informative organizational meetings were held at least monthly under the chairmanship of Sir Alexander Hood, KBE, Head of the RAMC. Surgical Consultants, now Major Generals, Brigadiers or Full Colonels in the British and U.S. Armies stationed in the UK, prepared for the invasion of Europe. The allocation of medical, surgical, nursing and auxiliary responsibilities was delineated. Liaison with the RAF and US Army Air Force was close as it was with the proposed leaders, Ulstermen Brooke and Montgomery. Montgomery chose Arthur Porritt as Surgeon in Chief to Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), and Eisenhower, General Albert W. Kenner. Just after D-Day, Porritt met Ian Fraser, who had waded in on Arromanches Beach. The triage and evacuation plans for Allied casualties had been controversial, particularly as regards Landing Ship Tanks (LSTs). The dispute with the Hood-selected surgeons on one side, against medical and surgical deployment of LSTs, and Admiral Ernest King and Winston Churchill on the other, favouring LST use for surgery and evacuation. King and Churchill were correct but total Allied air superiority allowed wide use of many of the Allies' Dakotas; 10,000 DC-3s were eventually in service. Supported by forty Allied combat planes to each Luftwaffe, the dispute about Landing Ship Tank use in about a fortnight became moot. The multifaceted role of the Princess Royal in the Emergency Medical Services of the United Kingdom and her close liaison with the Consultant

  11. Surgical travellers: tapestry to Bayeux.

    PubMed

    Hedley-Whyte, John; Milamed, Debra R

    2014-09-01

    The planning for surgery in war was revisited in 1937 when Ian Fraser was elected a member of the Surgical Travellers. At their 1938 Surgical Travellers meeting in Vienna, Ian and Eleanor Fraser were evicted from their hotel room by the Nazis. The 1939 meeting in Belfast discussed the organization of surgery and the conduct of Emergency Medical Service Hospitals in the United Kingdom; the vast majority were to be under civilian government and military control. From 1943 lengthy and informative organizational meetings were held at least monthly under the chairmanship of Sir Alexander Hood, KBE, Head of the RAMC. Surgical Consultants, now Major Generals, Brigadiers or Full Colonels in the British and U.S. Armies stationed in the UK, prepared for the invasion of Europe. The allocation of medical, surgical, nursing and auxiliary responsibilities was delineated. Liaison with the RAF and US Army Air Force was close as it was with the proposed leaders, Ulstermen Brooke and Montgomery. Montgomery chose Arthur Porritt as Surgeon in Chief to Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), and Eisenhower, General Albert W. Kenner. Just after D-Day, Porritt met Ian Fraser, who had waded in on Arromanches Beach. The triage and evacuation plans for Allied casualties had been controversial, particularly as regards Landing Ship Tanks (LSTs). The dispute with the Hood-selected surgeons on one side, against medical and surgical deployment of LSTs, and Admiral Ernest King and Winston Churchill on the other, favouring LST use for surgery and evacuation. King and Churchill were correct but total Allied air superiority allowed wide use of many of the Allies' Dakotas; 10,000 DC-3s were eventually in service. Supported by forty Allied combat planes to each Luftwaffe, the dispute about Landing Ship Tank use in about a fortnight became moot. The multifaceted role of the Princess Royal in the Emergency Medical Services of the United Kingdom and her close liaison with the Consultant

  12. Coastal environmental monitoring using remotely sensed data and GIS techniques in the Modern Yellow River delta, China.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yang

    2011-08-01

    On the basis of remote sensing and GIS techniques, the Landsat data obtained in 1987, 1996, and 2008 were used to examine coastline changes in the Modern Yellow River (MYR) delta in China. The coastal land lost and gained illustrations were derived, the rates of coastal change were estimated, and the coastal parts that experienced severe changes were identified. The results revealed that the accretion rates in the MYR delta coast has been decelerating while the accretion effect remained. Taken the artificial coast from the south of ShenXianGou (SXG) to Gudong Oil Field (GOF) as the landmark, the coast in the south of the landmark showed an accretion pattern, while the coast in the west of the landmark showed an erosion pattern. Wherein, the coast from Chao River Estuary (CRE) to Zhuang 106 (Z106) showed an erosion pattern with the transition from erosion to accretion and the accelerated rates from east to west. The coast from Z106 to the south border of GOF also showed erosion pattern but significant differences existed among the internal coastal parts. The coast from the south border of GOF to XiaoDao River Estuary (XDRE) showed a pattern from rapid accretion to dynamic balance of accretion/erosion, and the trend towards erosion. The coast from XDRE to XiaoQing River Estuary (XQRE) showed slow accretion pattern. Human activities have heavily influenced the natural evolution of the MYR delta coast.

  13. The utilization of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study.

    PubMed

    Lin, Yi-Rong; Wu, Mei-Yao; Chiang, Jen-Huai; Yen, Hung-Rong; Yang, Su-Tso

    2017-08-29

    Many patients with gynecological disorders seek traditional medicine consultations in Asian countries. This study intended to investigate the utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in Taiwan. We analyzed a cohort of one million individuals randomly selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We included 46,337 subjects with newly diagnosed DUB (ICD-9-CM codes 626.8) from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2010. The patients were categorized into TCM seekers and non-TCM seekers according to their use of TCM. Among the subjects, 41,558 (89.69%) were TCM seekers and 4,779 (10.31%) were non-TCM seekers. Patients who were younger tended to be TCM seekers. Most of the patients had also taken Western medicine, especially tranexamic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). More than half of TCM seekers (55.41%) received combined treatment with both Chinese herbal remedies and acupuncture. The most commonly used TCM formula and single herb were Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (Bupleurum and Peony Formula) and Yi-Mu-Cao (Herba Leonuri), respectively. The core pattern of Chinese herbal medicine for DUB patients consisted of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Xiang-Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi), and Yi-Mu-Cao (Herba Leonuri). TCM use is popular among patients with DUB in Taiwan. Further pharmacological investigations and clinical trials are required to validate the efficacy and safety of these items.

  14. Naked on the Information Highway: The 6th Ian P. Sharp Lecture.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Phillips, Bruce

    1995-01-01

    This lecture by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada addresses issues related to information technology and privacy, including privacy law, government role, surveillance techniques, and security measures to protect the privacy of electronic communications. The text of the question and answer period following the lecture is included. (MES)

  15. The Relationship between History and Ethics in Ian McEwan's "Black Dogs"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sedaghat, Maryam

    2014-01-01

    The relationship between history and ethics may seem irrelevant at first; however, these two have been related during the long history of war, violence and mass killing. The need of history to ethics is for saving itself from all the violence and terror. Emmanuel Levinas as a philosopher has tried to define ethics in a way that suits the terrible…

  16. A Liouville Problem for the Stationary Fractional Navier-Stokes-Poisson System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Y.; Xiao, J.

    2017-06-01

    This paper deals with a Liouville problem for the stationary fractional Navier-Stokes-Poisson system whose special case k=0 covers the compressible and incompressible time-independent fractional Navier-Stokes systems in R^{N≥2} . An essential difficulty raises from the fractional Laplacian, which is a non-local operator and thus makes the local analysis unsuitable. To overcome the difficulty, we utilize a recently-introduced extension-method in Wang and Xiao (Commun Contemp Math 18(6):1650019, 2016) which develops Caffarelli-Silvestre's technique in Caffarelli and Silvestre (Commun Partial Diff Equ 32:1245-1260, 2007).

  17. Factor Analysis for Spectral Reconnaissance and Situational Understanding

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-07-11

    Number: Xiao Fu 0.40 0.40 1 Sub Contractors (DD882) Names of Faculty Supported Names of Under Graduate students supported Names of Personnel receiving...stationary point of Problem (10). The proof is as follows. For notational convenience, let X = [C, HT , (D′)T ], w = [w1, . . . , wK ] T , and denote g(X,w...10). The proof is as follows. For notational convenience, let X = [C, HT , (D′)T ], w = [w1, . . . , wK ] T , and denote g(X,w) = h(X) + λ K ∑ k=1

  18. A Liouville Problem for the Stationary Fractional Navier-Stokes-Poisson System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Y.; Xiao, J.

    2018-06-01

    This paper deals with a Liouville problem for the stationary fractional Navier-Stokes-Poisson system whose special case k=0 covers the compressible and incompressible time-independent fractional Navier-Stokes systems in R^{N≥2}. An essential difficulty raises from the fractional Laplacian, which is a non-local operator and thus makes the local analysis unsuitable. To overcome the difficulty, we utilize a recently-introduced extension-method in Wang and Xiao (Commun Contemp Math 18(6):1650019, 2016) which develops Caffarelli-Silvestre's technique in Caffarelli and Silvestre (Commun Partial Diff Equ 32:1245-1260, 2007).

  19. Merced County Streams Project, Haystack Reservoir, California Intensive Cultural Resources Survey.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-03-25

    evaluation of sampling strategies: simulated " 1excavations of a Kenyan pastoralist site. In Simulation studies in archaeology , edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 123...Publications ift American Archaeology and Ethnology 6(2):333-368. Berkeley. Barrett, Samuel A., and Edward W. Gifford _ -1933 Miwok material culture...University of Oregon Books, Eugene. !r Bennyhoff, James A. 1956 An appraisal of the archaeological resources of Yosemite National Park. University of

  20. Collins Center Update. Volume 14, Issue 4, July-September 2012

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-09-01

    Strategic Leader Staff Ride Program 2012 • Initiation of “Quick-Turn” Wargame Concept • Combating Terrorism Seminar at the Romanian National Defense...ians, and resident students aid in communicating cur- rent Army issues to these prominent leaders in Amer- ica. Tufts University’s Fletcher School...of Law and Diplo- macy kicked off the 2012 season in early April with 22 partici- pating graduate students enrolled in the International Security

  1. Contour Digitizing and Tagging Software (CONTAGRID).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-04-01

    TYPE TO TYPE FROM # * DELETE TYPE #1 #, #1 #1 #, e JOYN TYPE #, # * REORDER TYPE #, #1 #1 TYPE = INDEX, NON, DEPRESSION, CUT, FILL, # NUMBER Figure B...ERRCOD.N’.0)C’ TO 8020 SIZE - IOR( IAN ;D(4ZOIFE,ISL(mJF(1),-7)), + lAND(4ZFEOO,ISL(BUr(1),9))) iF(SIZE.GT.390)GO TO 8030 LM- 0 DO 110 I-1,SIZE CALL

  2. National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Morris Reservoir Dam (CT 00473), Naugatuck River Basin, Morris & Litchfield, Connecticut. Phase I Inspection Report.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-05-01

    Materials Branch Engineering Division " w ..- .* -.. CA RNEY )U TERZ IAN , C HA IR MAN ,’ ’’’’’ Chief, Structural Section..- .. ..Design Branch...8217/ ~ ., iJ V ’ _W7 V,~ ~ /N. ) w Y1 joyN V < ~ ’\\ ’bI _a,_ .55. .. It" C.-.N ’~.:..~i5~Ak.,~.0 2.d~ ) lbK&~> -2,. /C jji 5.x. ;50~ \\~ IV .J\\/ W.. 4

  3. Quality Circles at Wilford Hall U.S.A.F. Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas: Some Preliminary Findings

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-08-01

    relationships which can be identified from one sample population and generalized to cause and effect in different persons, settings, and times...affect the cause-and-effect relationship which one can draw with a civilian group? Will it be pos- sible to generalize about other groups within... relationship about quality circles obtained in a military health care facility be generalized to a civil- ian one? Can a causal relationship about quality

  4. Challenges in Coalition Unconventional Warfare: The Allied Campaign in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-01-01

    multiple levels. Clandestine operatives on the ground inside Yugoslavia dealt with an increasingly vi- cious civil war among factions within the...address the threat. These resulted in severe reprisals against Yugoslavian civil - ians as early as October 1941.6 Early in the war, Churchill...group of communist resistance units known as the Partisans. These two groups fought each other in a fierce civil war. British intelligence and the

  5. Technical Reference Manual to Allied Medical Publication 7.5 (AMedP 7.5) NATO Planning Guide for the Estimation of CBRN Casualties

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-10-01

    Response Subject Matter Expert Review Meeting, 23-25 June 2008, Albuquerque, New Mexico , United States of America, IDA Document D-3884 (Alexandria, VA...Meeting, 26 June 2008, Albuquerque, New Mexico , United States of America, IDA Document D-3885 (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, August...26 June 2008 radiological human response meetings in Albuquerque, New Mexico :  Canada – Commander Ian Torrie, CFHSG-DHSO – Diana Wilkinson, DRDC

  6. Alignment by Maximization of Mutual Information

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1995-06-01

    Davi Geiger, David Chapman, Jose Robles, Tao Alter, Misha Bolotski, Jonathan Connel, Karen Sarachik, Maja Mataric , Ian Horswill, Colin Angle...the same pose. These images are very different and are in fact anti-correlated: bright pixels in the left image correspond to dark pixels in the right...image; dark pixels in the left image correspond to bright pixels in the right image. No variant of correlation could match these images together

  7. Operations at the Border: Efforts to Disrupt Insurgent Safe-Havens

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-16

    political rival, Robert Mugabe, quickly as Ian Smith worked an agreement with Reverend Ndabaningi Sithole. J. R. T. Wood , Counter-Strike from the Sky...into Belfast was the wrong troops (mainly consisted of the Scots Guards Regiment, who as Presbyterians, appeared to naturally side with the...along tribal lines. Robert Mugabe was a member of ZANLA and its political wing the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). Dr. J. R. T. Wood

  8. Peter the Great: Linking Military Strategy to National Objectives in Imperial Russia

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-04-01

    provisions) and because its forces could not move fast enough to overcome the Ottoman’s delaying tactics.1 Vasili Golitsyn, Alexei’s representative to...conclusion when, in 1694, he pitted six Streltsy regiments against his two new Guards regiments (Preobrazhenskii and Semenovskii) in mock combat. The...Press, 1971. Gray, Ian. Peter the Great: Emperor of all Russia. New York: J.B.Lippincott, 1960. Klychevsky, Vasili . Peter the Great. Boston: Beacon

  9. Watch Out for the Children: Army Policy and Child Soldiers

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-06-01

    Rights of Children : Impact of Armed Conflict on Children . United Nations, General Assembly A/51/150 (1996). Research and Technology Organization. Child... CHILDREN : ARMY POLICY AND CHILD SOLDIERS by John A. Burkhart III June 2016 Thesis Advisor: Bradley Strawser Second Reader: Ian Rice...3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE WATCH OUT FOR THE CHILDREN : ARMY POLICY AND CHILD SOLDIERS 5. FUNDING

  10. Strategy’s Relevance to the War in Afghanistan

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-11

    specifically regarding Operation Enduring Freedom, the operational environment, policy and strategy, the oral histories presented by Christopher Koontz in...intervening years. And, of significant note, it captures nuances reflected in the current 2009 strategy. Complementing Koontz ’ material is a report by COL Ian...that can defend itself as economic growth and development takes hold.” 49 In his work on Afghanistan from 2003 to 2005, Christopher Koontz captures

  11. AFTOMS Technology Issues and Alternatives Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-12-01

    color , resolu- power requirements, physi- tion; memory , processor speed; cal and weather rugged- IAN interfaces, etc,) f,: these ness. display...Telephone and Telegraph 3 CD-I Compact Disk - Interactive CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory CGM Computer Graphics Metafile CNWDI Critical Nuclear...Database Management System RFP Request For Proposal 3 RFS Remote File System ROM Read Only Memory 3 S SA-ALC San Antonio Air Logistics Center 3 SAC

  12. Beyond Kotters Leading Change: A Broad Perspective on Organizational Change for Senior U.S. Military Leaders

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-07-16

    Defense Health Agency) and financial management (institution of the Defense Finance and Accounting System). o At the service level , this view sees...Chapter 5, “Ethical Dilemmas and Value Guidelines” (pp. 77-98). 58 Harrison , 18. 59 Harrison , 18. 60 Lippitt & Lippitt, 97. 61 Ian Hodder, “The...senior service college and enter the military bureaucracy at senior levels , they often enter environments where Kotter’s eight steps are difficult to

  13. Hydrodynamic Noise from Flexible Roughness Elements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-29

    Virginia Tech (Dr. William Devenport and graduate student Ian Clark) continue to carry out experimental work to test the developed trailing-edge and...work to take into account dynamic motions of the fiber and finite distances between fibers for more realistic aeroacoustic models of its turbulence...pressure levels which result from introduction of the fabric covering. First, Fig. 5 plots the decibel reduction in the experimental surface pressure

  14. Aerial Observation; A Bibliography of Periodical Articles.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-04-01

    99,90, Jan 1944. ’If not an Air OP why not locatinc7," 2CRA, ?0:115-123, Apr 1953. Jackson , I-ian E. "FDC an- the Artillery Air Observer," FM, 34...194, 1886. Thom.pson, Percy N;. "Organization and ’aneuver of Ficld Artillery Observation," .*IL RVW, 25:53-60, Apr 1945. "To See or not to see," JORA

  15. Field Marshal Slim -- Theoretical Thinking and the Impact of Theory on Campaign Planning

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-05-17

    2004); Ronald Lewin, Slim the Standard Bearer: A Biography of Field-marshal the Viscount Slim (London: Leo Cooper...Volume II India’s most Dangerous Hour, 17. 51 Ian Lyall Grant, Burma: The Turning Point (UK: Leo Cooper, 2003), 21; Baillergeon, Field Marshal Slim and... LOCs ; encourage Chaing-Kai-Shek to send more forces; and create confusion in the Japanese rear area. It was this last effect that Slim sought to

  16. High-SNR Capacity of AWGN Channels with Generic Alphabet Constraints

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-01-01

    straint manifold– namely, a volume derived from the manifold. iii Thesis advisor: Professor Vahid Tarokh Ian Weiner We apply the above theory in a...Jerry, and my mother-in-law Ellen. The financial and technical support provided by Lincoln Laboratory through the Lincoln Scholars program has been...contributions to the Information Theory literature, each leveraging the results of its predecessor. 1.1 Generalized Entropy The first contribution is the

  17. Kashmir--The Key to Peace in Afghanistan

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-01

    Missile Crisis the U.S. had to learn similar lessons in the early years of it gaining nuclear weapons. Victoria Schofield and Praveen Swami reinforce...12 Praveen Swami, India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad (London: Routledge, 2007), 204. 13 Peter Lavoy, Asymmetric Warefare in South Asia: the...Swami, Praveen . India, Pakistan and the Secret Jihad. London: Routledge, 2007. Talbot, Ian. Pakistan: A Modern History. New Delhi: Oxford University

  18. Comprehensive geobiological characterization of a bituminous carbonate facies with Ediacara-type fossils (Shibantan Member, South China)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Duda, Jan-Peter; Blumenberg, Martin; Thiel, Volker; Simon, Klaus; Zhu, Maoyan; Reitner, Joachim

    2015-04-01

    The Shibantan Member (Dengying Formation, Ediacaran Period) is one of only few carbonate settings with Ediacara-type fossils worldwide (e.g. Ding & Chen, 1981; Sun, 1986; Xiao et al., 2005; Shen et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2014). However, only little is known about the sedimentology and biogeochemistry of the environments in which these organisms throve. Here we provide a comprehensive geobiological characterization of the Shibantan Member, addressing the interplay between sedimentary and (bio-) geochemical processes. Sedimentary analysis revealed that black laminated limestones of the lower Shibantan Member were deposited after a sudden local deepening in a subtidal lower- to middle ramp environment close to the storm wave base, while the dark wavy dolomites of the upper Shibantan Member were deposited in a subtidal middle ramp environment between storm- and fair weather wave base. Sedimentation in the Shibantan basin was generally highly dynamic as evidenced by a distinct slumping horizon and mass-flow deposits that were possibly due to synsedimentary tectonic processes. The microbial-mat associated biota including Ediacara-type fossils is restricted to the lower Shibantan Member. Sedimentary analysis of this part reveals a close relationship between autochthonous mat growth and allochthonous and/or para-autochthonous event deposition. During deposition of the lower Shibantan Member the water column was probably temporarily stratified, with a sub- to anoxic water layer (evidenced by Ni/Co-, V/(V+Ni) and V/Sc ratios) overlain by a oxygenated upper layer (evidenced by negative Ce anomalies and low V/Cr ratios). However, such stratification was not permanent, as mixing by storm events is evidenced by hummocky cross stratification structures. 13C-enrichments in carbonates of the Lower Shibantan Member (δ13C = +3.3 to +4.0o VPDB) together with 13C-depletions of syngenetic n-alkanes cleaved from the respective extraction residue using catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy;

  19. Biocompatibility studies of natural rubber latex from different tree clones and collection methods.

    PubMed

    Floriano, Juliana Ferreira; da Mota, Lígia Souza Lima Silveira; Furtado, Edson Luiz; Rossetto, Victor José Vieira; Graeff, Carlos F O

    2014-02-01

    Natural rubber latex (NRL) has several features that make it an excellent biomaterial to promote the growth and repair of tissues, skin and bones. Most of the research with NRL membranes uses a mixture of different clones and chemical preservatives in the collection process. In this study, we compared five clones that produce NRL, seeking to identify their differences in biocompatibility. The clones studied were RRIM 600, PB 235, GT1, PR 255 and IAN 873 commonly found in plantations in Brazil. We did also study the effect of ammonia used during latex collection. NRL membranes were prepared aseptically and sterilized. In the in vitro tests, the membranes remained in direct contact with mouse fibroblasts cells for three periods, 24, 48 and 72 h. In the in vivo tests, the membranes were implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. The results indicated the biocompatibility of the membranes obtained from all clones. Membranes from the clones RRIM 600 and IAN 873 induced greater cell proliferation, suggesting greater bioactivity. It was found that the membranes made from latex that was in contact with ammonia during collection, showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in cultures, as well as necrosis, and increased inflammatory cells in the rabbit's tissues close to the implant.

  20. Application of Digital Diagnosis and Treatment Technique in Benign Mandibular Diseases.

    PubMed

    Ju, Rui; Zeng, Wei; Lian, Xiaotian; Chen, Gang; Yin, Huaqiang; Tang, Wei

    2018-05-01

    To explore the feasibility of preoperative planning for treatment of benign mandibular lesions (BML) using digital technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, measurement, visualization as well as image contrast and design of neural positioning protection template (NPPT) in combination with 3D printing technology in the BML diagnosis and treatment. The 3D models of BML and inferior alveolar nerves (IAN) of 10 BML patients were reconstructed based on their digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data using MIMICS16.0 software. The models were used to visualize lesions and nerve contrast measurement and guide design of personalized NPPT and osteotomy after operation modality was determined in order to achieve accurate, minimally invasive operation with shortened intraoperative time. Intraoperative NPPT application could accurately locate lesions and their scope and assist osteotomy. The measurement results were consistent with those of preoperative reconstruction and measurement. The BML were curetted completely without damage IAN. The 10 BML patients had no numbness and other discomforts in the lower lip and mandibular teeth after operation. The digital diagnosis and treatment technology is an effective method for functional treatment of BML patients and its application could achieve personalized, minimally invasive and precise treatment and save intraoperation time.

  1. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sarta, Jose A.; Castiblanco, Luis A

    With cooperation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) of the United States, several calculations and tasks related to the waste disposal of spent MTR fuel enriched nominally to 93% were carried out for the conversion of the IAN-R1 Research Reactor from MTR-HEU fuel to TRIGA-LEU fuel. In order to remove the spent MTR-HEU fuel of the core and store it safely a program was established at the Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares y Energias Alternativas (INEA). This program included training, acquisition of hardware and software, design and construction of a decay pool, transfer ofmore » the spent HEU fuel elements into the decay pool and his final transport to Savannah River in United States. In this paper are presented data of activities calculated for each relevant radionuclide present in spent MTR-HEU fuel elements of the IAN-R1 Research Reactor and the total activity. The total activity calculated takes in consideration contributions of fission, activation and actinides products. The data obtained were the base for shielding calculations for the decay pool concerning the storage of spent MTR-HEU fuel elements and the respective dosimetric evaluations in the transferring operations of fuel elements into the decay pool.« less

  2. Featured Image: Identifying Weird Galaxies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kohler, Susanna

    2017-08-01

    Hoags Object, an example of a ring galaxy. [NASA/Hubble Heritage Team/Ray A. Lucas (STScI/AURA)]The above image (click for the full view) shows PanSTARRSobservationsof some of the 185 galaxies identified in a recent study as ring galaxies bizarre and rare irregular galaxies that exhibit stars and gas in a ring around a central nucleus. Ring galaxies could be formed in a number of ways; one theory is that some might form in a galaxy collision when a smaller galaxy punches through the center of a larger one, triggering star formation around the center. In a recent study, Ian Timmis and Lior Shamir of Lawrence Technological University in Michigan explore ways that we may be able to identify ring galaxies in the overwhelming number of images expected from large upcoming surveys. They develop a computer analysis method that automatically finds ring galaxy candidates based on their visual appearance, and they test their approach on the 3 million galaxy images from the first PanSTARRS data release. To see more of the remarkable galaxies the authors found and to learn more about their identification method, check out the paper below.CitationIan Timmis and Lior Shamir 2017 ApJS 231 2. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa78a3

  3. The Influence of Oil Contamination on the Nucleate Pool-Boiling Behavior of R-114 from a Structured Surface.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-03-01

    1 7015 IF Pu-a THEN PRINT "PA" Y,"PO" 70Ze IF Pu-) THEN PRINT "PA" .,Y. "PU" 702S NEXT Xa 7038 PRINT "PU" 783S Ian.-Ion+ I 7848 COTO 6540 7845 END IF...Heat Transfer over the wide Range of Pressure," Proceedinqs of the Seventh International Heat Transfer CencYne-,Mun- ch -vI-, �, pp. 19. Webb, R. L

  4. Victory, Stalemate and Defeat During the Spanish Caribbean Insurgencies of 1868-1878

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-05-01

    Press of America, Inc., 2009. Bell, Ian. The Dominican Republic. Boulder: Westview Press, 1981. de Navascues y Aisa , Nicasio. "Parte de la Alcaldia de...2006. Jimenez de Wagenheim, Olga. El grito de Lares sus causas y sus hombres. 4th Edition . Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: Ediciones Huracan, Inc., 1999...1987. Marti, Jose. Our America: Writing on Latin America and the Struggle for Cuban Independence. Edited by Philip S. Foner. Translated by Elinor

  5. A Review of the Air Chemistry and Relevant Parameters for the Modelling of the Nuclear Induced Lightning.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-05-31

    MARK %C-, S UNCLASSIFIED 2o SEC. - l R Y C.-ASSF.CAT’ION...1971). 31. C. S . Lakshminarasimha and J. Lucas, J. Phys D 10,313 (1977). 32. R. W. Crompton, L. G. H. Huxley and D. J. Sutton , Proc. R. Soc. London...APR EDITION OF I.AN 73 S OBSOLE’E SECURITY CLASSIFICATION I1F THIS PAI,E %.. % %% " -6 % * U ,4 % 4 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 11.

  6. A study of the demographic characteristics of domestic tourists.

    PubMed

    Wu, B; Liu, X; Zhao, R

    1996-01-01

    "A sample survey was conducted [in China]: more than 6,000 questionnaires were submitted and retrieved from domestic tourists in Shanghai, Xi'ian, Huangshan, and Huashan in order to provide data for demographic analysis of the special fluid population of tourists. The paper looks at the relationship between tourists' gender, age, income, occupation, education, and family structure, as well as their tourist activity, selection of destinations, shopping, and other tourist behaviors." excerpt

  7. Methods of Astrodynamics, a Computer Approach

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-02-14

    Number of days from 1 Jan 2000 I clpLong - Ecliptic longitude I Obliquity - mean Obliquity of the Ecliptic Iconstants I Pi I TwoPi - I Rad -Degrees per...days from 1 ian 2000 * EclpLong - Ecliptic longitude * Obliquity - Mean Obliquity of the Ecliptic * Constants * Pi 3.14159265358979 * TwoPi...3.14159265358979; TwoPi: Extended = 6.28318530717959; Rad :Extended =57.29577951308230; VAR MeanLong, MeanAnomaly, EcipLong, Obliquity , N :Extended; BEGIN

  8. A Comparison of the Joint Maritime Command Information System (JMCIS) capabilities with the United States Marine Corps (USMC) Advanced Tactical Air Command Center (ATACC) Data Link Requirements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-09-01

    Ian -t-R Todd Franklin Sweeney_ September, 1994 Thesis Advisor: Carl R. Jones Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. M . , -" &D I...AGENCY REPORT NUMBER tion of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; 12b...Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std 239-18 Approved for public release; distribution

  9. SEAFARER Site Survey, Upper Michigan Region. Book 15. Subsurface Water Data

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-04-01

    lloticlle Kleiman 1960 6 01 PC D 1 -14-60 1160 52 2-i SC hE N.? erbeth hrldoti Klelan 1956 6 55 Pc D 38 9-22-56 1160 20 5-2 N’E E EJ4(d IAN &z Chtocct, L...1190 --- 20-1 SE St Merriman Come. BIdg. Anderson 1957 6 70 -- P 37 1957 1170 --- Screen finish. 30.1 E NWV Maitland Dow Anderson .... 6 63 -- O 15

  10. The Retention of Tank Crewman Skills

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-12-01

    omitted since they were being tested in a concurrent study ( Maitland , Eaton, and Neff, 1979). • Selected common tasks (e.g., first aid), covered in...Component Training for Operating and Maintaining the M48A5 Tank. Alexandria, Virginia: Humar Resources Research Organization (HumRRO), 1977. Maitland ...Driver. . . . 43 49 CHARGE IAN -UAL ELEVATION SYSTEM ............ 60 59 35 25 Rotated the manual elevation handle to depress the main gun until the handle

  11. Breast Cancer Center Support Grant

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-09-01

    indicator for the disease. Am J Epidemiol 1980 ; 111:301-8. (42) Dupont WD, Page DL. Breast cancer risk associated with proliferative disease, age...1993;187:75-9. (52) Burhenne HJ, Burhenne LW, Goldberg F, Hislop TG, Worth AJ, Rebbeck PM, et al. Interval breast cancers in the Screening Mammography...Basier, Ian M. Thompson Until the mid- 1980s , early detection for prostate cancer had only one tool—digital rectal examination (DRE). The tool is

  12. Iran and Latin America: Strategic Security Issues

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-01

    written extensively on asymmetrical warfare. known as Carlos the Jackal )3 for helping to expand the parameters of what irregular warfare should...international furor. See: "Troops Get Provocative Book," Miami Herald, Nov. II, 2005. 4 Ian James, "Chavez Praises Carlos the Jackal ," Associated Press...November 21, 2009, accessed January 24, 20 II, at: http:/ /www.independent.co. uk!news/world/americas/chavez-praises-carlos-the- jackal - 1825135.html

  13. Direct Filling Golds: An In-Vitro Study of Microleakage as a Function of Condensation Force: An In-Vivo Study of Marginal Quality

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-01-01

    three teeth in vivo in dogs . All three showed penetration surrounding the restorations. No mention was made as to whether a cavity varnish was...gingival reactions to gold foil restorations. J Periodontal 46:614, 1975. 12. Christensen, C.J.: -iologic implications of dental restorations. J -m Acad...1ack, C.17.: An investignr-ian of the physical characters of thle huna. tee--: in relation to their diseases and to practical dental o-ierations

  14. Adequacy of M16A1 Rifle Performance and Its Implications for Marksmanship Training

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-09-01

    CEN *FT, 04CCLELLAN ATTMI AYZN-mP-ACE 4AL5A INSTITUITE A A4NMUMT~RATI-Ok- AIT4 RSDM TPA"NIN MA~NAGEMENT 1 4VsA v3WLO APTIL EO,sRt00 "CAO 6RP1 SWOT ...01LITARY ATTACHE -I. CAMAnIAN FORCdES UASE COINNIALLIS LYT~ii OfRSONNEL SELEcT’ION 2 CANAOIAN FOICES PERSONNEL APPL RSCH UNITY I ARMY PERSONNEL

  15. Cross-Linking Interferes With Assessing Sulfur Mustard-Induced DNA Damage in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Using the Comet Assay

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-01-01

    of SM to impede the migration of H,0 2 -damaged mal ian cell lethality with bifunctional alkylating agents . Chemr. Biol. Iriterui. 38:75-86.DNA is an...3100 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5400 N-3 position of adenine, and alkylation leads to depurination of Sulfur...mustard (SM) is a blistering agent that produces DNA DNA strands. Subsequent breakage of phosphodiester bonds at strand breaks. To detect SM-induced DNA

  16. Emerging Trends in China’s Development of Unmanned Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-01-01

    missions is another area of emphasis, as highlighted by reports about such systems’ use during the 2008 Sichuan earth - quake , and unmanned systems could...China Strategic Perspectives No. 5, National Defense University, September 2012. 27 “Drones Dispatched to Capture Images of Quake -Hit Regions,” Xinhua...china-deliver-packages-even-a- birthday-cake/ “Drones Dispatched to Capture Images of Quake -Hit Regions,” Xinhua, April 20, 2013. Easton, Ian M

  17. The Navy Enlistment Field Marketing Experiment. Volume 5. The Wharton- Administered Navy Tracking Survey: Pre-Intervention Recruiting Environment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-10-15

    73.77% -72- Ian cu uW Li. -cu u cm ~LLn wL.-.w 07 ib >L -~ cc 3, a -73- C. Segmentation Analysis This multivariate analytical study is motivated by the...1.9 1.0 17 363 TOTAL 4i6? &se 4SU tons@ SGUAVE 14,I PS4 WITH 1D EREES or FeEfOOm, SINIFICANCE * e,2,a -119- Life Goal 7 -Challenging Job IdWELPT COUNT

  18. Proceedings of a Symposium on the Physics and Technology of Amorphous SiO2 Held in Les Arcs, France on 29 June-3 July 1987

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-07-03

    Chibaudo and Jean - Jacques Niez whilst the on-site smooth running was assured by Julia, Bob and Neil Devine and Bernadette Bonnefond - sincere thanks...SOL-GEL COATINGS FOR Nd : GLASS HIGH-POWER PULSED LASER USES Hervb Floch, Jean - Jacques Priotton, and Ian Malvil Thomas* Commissariat A ’Energie Atomique...PROPERTIES OF PLASMA ENHANCED CVD SILICON OXYNITRIDE FILMS Yves Cros, Jean Christophe Rostaing LEPES*, C.N.R.S. BP 166 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France

  19. Occurrence of chai hu (Bupleuri radix) in prescriptions of Chinese herbal medicine in Switzerland.

    PubMed

    Klein, Sabine D; Becker, Simon; Wolf, Ursula

    2012-01-01

    Chai hu (Bupleuri radix), one of the most frequently used herbs in Chinese herbal medicine, has 3 major functions, depending on dosage and combination with other herbs. The aim of this study was to investigate how chai hu is prescribed in everyday practice in Switzerland, and whether these prescription patterns reflect its various applications. A random sample of 1,053 prescriptions was drawn from the database of Lian Chinaherb AG, Wollerau, Switzerland, and analyzed regarding the most frequently used classical formulas containing chai hu, daily dosages and combinations with other herbs. 29.0% of all prescriptions contained chai hu, and 98.0% of these were in granular form. The most frequently used classical formulas were xiao yao san ('rambling powder'), jia wei xiao yao san ('augmented rambling powder') and chai hu shu gan san ('Bupleurum powder to spread the liver'). In more than half of the prescriptions, chai hu was combined with bai shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), dang gui (Angelicae sinensis radix) or fu ling (Poria). 51.8% of the prescriptions contained a low daily dosage of chai hu, 24.9% a medium and 15.1% a high dosage. Chai hu was generally prescribed in classic combinations with other herbs and in a medium dosage. Due to the addition of supplementary herbs to classical formulas, its daily dose was often diminished from a high or medium dose to a low dose. This raises the question if chai hu would then still exert its desired function of, e.g., moving liver-qi in these prescriptions.

  20. Distinct Acoustic Features and Glottal Changes Define Two Modes of Singing in Peking Opera.

    PubMed

    Li, Gelin; Li, Haiqing; Hou, Qian; Jiang, Zhen

    2018-04-06

    We aimed to delineate the acoustic characteristics of the Laodan and Qingyi role in Peking Opera and define glottis closure states and mucosal wave changes during singing in the two roles. The range of singing in A4 (440 Hz) pitch in seven female Peking Opera singers was determined using two classic pieces of Peking Opera. Glottal changes during singing were examined by stroboscopic laryngoscope. The fundamental frequency of /i/ in the first 15 seconds of the two pieces and the /i/ pitch range were determined. The relative length of the glottis fissure and the relative maximum mucosal amplitude were calculated. Qingyi had significantly higher mean fundamental frequency than Laodan. The long-term average spectrum showed an obvious formant cluster near 3000 Hz in Laodan versus Qingyi. No formant cluster was observed in singing in the regular mode. Strobe laryngoscopy showed complete glottal closure in Laodan and incomplete glottal closure in Qingyi in the maximal glottis closure phase. The relative length of the glottis fissure of Laodan was significantly lower than that of Qingyi in the singing mode. The relative maximum mucosal amplitude of Qingyi was significantly lower than that of Laodan. The Laodan role and the Qingyi role in Peking Opera sing in a fundamental frequency range compatible with the respective use of da sang (big voice) and xiao sang (small voice). The morphological patterns of glottal changes also indicate that the Laodan role and the Qingyi role sing with da sang and xiao sang, respectively. Copyright © 2018 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Quantum speedup of the traveling-salesman problem for bounded-degree graphs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moylett, Dominic J.; Linden, Noah; Montanaro, Ashley

    2017-03-01

    The traveling-salesman problem is one of the most famous problems in graph theory. However, little is currently known about the extent to which quantum computers could speed up algorithms for the problem. In this paper, we prove a quadratic quantum speedup when the degree of each vertex is at most 3 by applying a quantum backtracking algorithm to a classical algorithm by Xiao and Nagamochi. We then use similar techniques to accelerate a classical algorithm for when the degree of each vertex is at most 4, before speeding up higher-degree graphs via reductions to these instances.

  2. [Comparative study of complications among routine method,high speed turbine handpiece and piezosurgery device after extraction of impacted wisdom teeth].

    PubMed

    Guo, Zhao-zhong; Zhang, Heng; Li, Yan; Li, Xin; Liu, Yin; Wang, Yang; Yuan, Chun-xia; Liu, Xue

    2012-04-01

    To investigate complications in extraction of complicated impacted wisdom teeth whose root apex near to the inferior alveolar nerve(IAN) by using routine method(chisels),high speed turbine handpiece and piezosurgery device respectively. Three hundred qualified patients with impacted wisdom teeth were divided into three groups randomly,one hundred patients in group A were extracted by routine method, one hundred patients in group B were extracted by high speed turbine handpiece, and one hundred patients in group C were extracted by piezosurgery device. The operation time, postoperative pain duration,dry socket and IAN injury were compared between each two groups. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package. Differences between groups were compared using a paired t test (quantitative data) or Chi-square test (qualitative data). The operation time in group A was(14.12±0.12)min, (7.22±0.15)min in group B, (25.23±0.32)min in group C; Significant difference was found between group A and group B(P<0.05), group B and group C(P<0.05),group A and group C(P<0.05).Postoperative pain duration was(62.15±1.51)h in group A, (48.23±1.23)h in group B, (14.34±O.80)h in group C; Significant difference was found between group A and group B(P<0.05), group B and group C(P<0.05),group A and group C(P<0.05).9 patients developed dry socket in group A, 2 in group B, and 1 in group C; Significant difference was found between group A and group B(P<0.05), group A and group C(P<0.05). Six patients had IAN injury in group A, 2 in group B, 0 in group C. Significant difference was found between group A and group C. Compared with routine method, high speed turbine is better in extraction of impacted wisdom teeth, which can shorten operation time, lessen postoperative complications. Although there was longer operation time compared with group A and B, piezosurgery device is more effective in reducing postoperative complications.

  3. Distribution Feeder Modeling for Time-Series Simulation of Voltage Management Strategies: Preprint

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Giraldez Miner, Julieta I; Gotseff, Peter; Nagarajan, Adarsh

    This paper presents techniques to create baseline distribution models using a utility feeder from Hawai'ian Electric Company. It describes the software-to-software conversion, steady-state, and time-series validations of a utility feeder model. It also presents a methodology to add secondary low-voltage circuit models to accurately capture the voltage at the customer meter level. This enables preparing models to perform studies that simulate how customer-sited resources integrate into legacy utility distribution system operations.

  4. Dangerous But Not Omnipotent: Exploring the Reach and Limitations of Iranian Power in the Middle East

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-01-01

    prompting the government of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to emphasize the revolution’s sectar- ian motives—a tactic that has re-emerged today among...No. 1, March 2005a; Byman et al., 2001. 4 Rudee Mathee, “The Egyptian Opposition on the Iranian Revolution,” in Juan R. I. Cole and Nikki R. Keddie...Vacuum Filling,” in Arabic, OSC GMP20070902913006, September 2, 2007. 12 RAND discussion with Egyptian analyst, Cairo, March 14, 2008. assertiveness

  5. Turkey Revisited: Reflections on Turkish Society and Culture after 20 Years of Absence

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-12-01

    Arabic in the call to prayer (banned in the 1920s in favor of Turkish), and the building of many more - 21 - mosques all over Turkey. New forces of free...34revolution" might have been the Turkish peaceful, democratic equivalent of a Khomeini type of Revolution, restoring religion into Turkish life...and Persian vocabulary, but from the grammatical use of those words according to P-r ian and Arabic grammar rules. Such linguislic reform, ilong with

  6. Field Expedient Armor Modifications to US Armored Vehicles

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-01

    Technology” (Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center, 1983). 12 2Ian V. Hogg. Armour in Conflict, The Design and Tactics of Armoured Fighting...making their own whitewash. Lacking whitewash, they often resorted to commandeering white bed linen to drape over their vehicles. Both techniques proved...other Armoured Fighting Vehicles of World War II (New York: Exeter Books, 1983), 256. 19White, I. D., “Report on US vs. German Armor,” Exhibit 2, p. 6

  7. STS-106 ISS Overview Briefing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2000-01-01

    Dwayne Brown, NASA Public Affairs, introduces Bob Cabana of NASA, Mikhail Sinelshikov of PKA, Vasily Tsibliev of GCTC, Steve Mozes of CSA, Ian Pryke of ESA, and Masaaki Komatsu of NASDA. Each man gives an overview of the status of the International Space Station (ISS), including details on the current configuration, future missions and what they will bring to the ISS, and each space agency's contribution to the ISS. They then answer questions from the press.

  8. Leading While Blindfolded: Examining the Defense Business Board’s Recommendations to Reform the Military Retirement System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-06-04

    data from the DOD Office of the Actuary , it is possible to calculate the approximate savings from this option. For purposes of the example in table 4...savings 21% Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Actuary . This option rated the highest ratio of negative to positive reactions amongst all...Chaos: Making a New Science, (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 20. 2 Ian Stewart, Does God Play Dice? The New Mathematics of Chaos, 2nd ed. (Malden

  9. The History of MIS-Y: U.S. Strategic Interrogation During World War II

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-08-01

    27Ian Dear, Escape and Evasion, (London, UK: Arms and Armour Press, 1997), 11. 28Lloyd R. Shoemaker, The Escape Factory (New York: St. Martin’s...soldiers are beginning to understand that they are the underdogs carrying the weight of the bureaucracy. 11. Building up the Nazi Gangster Ideal. In...and Evasion: Prisoner of War Breakouts and the Routes to Safety in World War Two. New York: Arms and Armour Press, 1997. DeForest, Orrin, and David

  10. Unsteady Transonic Pressure Measurements on a Semi-Span Wind Tunnel Model of a Transport-Type Supercritical Wing (LANN) Lockheed-Georgia, Air Force, NASA, and NLR Model. Part 2. Pressure Distributions (PLOTTED) and Plots of the Vibration Modes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-03-01

    SECTION 3 : SECTION 4 SCIN SECTION 1 .2 .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . 12 a Cp’..... . 4~ . . ... ... .. ~F ~ -12 J Cy/C 13 -2 SECTION I...Upper real 0 Apha - .584 Degr. - Upper imag Daipha = .502 Degr. Harm - I-AN Cp’ 4. -4- 12 .... .. .. 4 . 12 L r -SECTION; 3 : SCIN ETINSSETO CP’ 4 -4...x /c -/ x c .:. .: - : . .:. .: , , *’*c:. . . . . . ..:. : L. . . .. . 9 94 -2 SELO .. -SECT .ON .2 bat* IS1-12-19S1 Tubes... : SCIN I &Upper stat

  11. Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines Security Cooperation in the Celebes Sea

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-06-01

    Soviet-Afghan conflict.34 Jemmah Islamiyah of Indonesia (founded by Abu Bakar Bashir, and Indonesian national of Yemeni heritage) dates to the 1970s...the suspects stated they were trained in the Ubaidiah and Abu Bakar camps before the latter was captured by the Philippine Army in 1999.43 In 2003...international trade. Ian Storey labeled the Celebes Sea’s triborder area as the “danger zone of Southeast Asia,” due to cross-border activities of the Abu

  12. Selection of an Optimum Air Defense Weapon Package Using MAUM (Multi-Attribute Utility Measurement).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-06-01

    SELECTION OF AN OPTIMUM AIR DEFENSE WEAPON PACKAGE USING MAUM by Wilton L. Ham June 1983 Thesis Advisor: R. G. Nickerson Approved for public release...OSSTRIUTON STATEMEN4T (of if AlRpeat) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. I?. 01STVAGUTgOg STATE[MENT (of me ubeh’ei antered Ian...hold": do not fire except in self defense. 4. Firing Commands. These are commands issued regard- less of the weapons control in effect. There are three

  13. Aerospace Power Journal. Volume 15, Number 3, Fall 2001

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2001-01-01

    Martin’s Press, 1996), 399. 11. See Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, 3d ed. (Cam- bridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 156; and Ian Brown...Doctrine, AP 3000, 3d ed. (Great Britain: Directorate of Air Staff, Ministry of Defence, 1999), chap. 8. In “Kosovo Victory: A Commander’s Perspective...77. 8. Col C. E. Callwell, Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice, 3d ed. (London: Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by Harrison and

  14. Modeling the Magnetospheric X-ray Emission from Solar Wind Charge Exchange with Verification from XMM-Newton Observations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-08-26

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Modeling the magnetospheric X-ray emission from solar wind charge exchange with verification from XMM...Newton observations Ian C. Whittaker1, Steve Sembay1, Jennifer A. Carter1, AndrewM. Read1, Steve E. Milan1, andMinna Palmroth2 1Department of Physics ...observations, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics , 121, 4158–4179, doi:10.1002/2015JA022292. Received 21 DEC 2015 Accepted 26 FEB 2016 Accepted article online 29

  15. Evaluating Stream Filtering for Entity Profile Updates for TREC 2013 (KBA Track Overview)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-11-01

    Paul McCartney, who confirmed in a BBC interview that he might start a new band called “ Beatles II” or “ The Beatles -- The Next Generation.” The ...Gaithersburg, MD ian.soboroff@nist.gov   Abstract   The Knowledge Base Acceleration (KBA) track in TREC 2013 expanded the entity-centric filtering...entity profile in a predefined list of entities. We doubled the size of the KBA streamcorpus to twelve thousand contiguous hours and a billion

  16. Another Brick in the Wall: The Israeli Experience in Missile Defense

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-04-01

    region. In particular, the way the Is- raelis decapitated the Egyptian Air Force on June 5 in only 3 hours engendered tremendous awe among the Arab...in a memo, “Iraq has the most aggressive and advanced ballistic missile development program in the Arab World.”8 Like the Egyptians , the Iraqis...range ballistic missile (SRBM) delivered in 1973 shortly be- fore the war with Israel. Like the Egyptians , the Syr- ians also used their missiles

  17. Efficacy of Exclusive Lingual Nerve Block versus Conventional Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Achieving Lingual Soft-tissue Anesthesia.

    PubMed

    Balasubramanian, Sasikala; Paneerselvam, Elavenil; Guruprasad, T; Pathumai, M; Abraham, Simin; Krishnakumar Raja, V B

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of exclusive lingual nerve block (LNB) in achieving selective lingual soft-tissue anesthesia in comparison with conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). A total of 200 patients indicated for the extraction of lower premolars were recruited for the study. The samples were allocated by randomization into control and study groups. Lingual soft-tissue anesthesia was achieved by IANB and exclusive LNB in the control and study group, respectively. The primary outcome variable studied was anesthesia of ipsilateral lingual mucoperiosteum, floor of mouth and tongue. The secondary variables assessed were (1) taste sensation immediately following administration of local anesthesia and (2) mouth opening and lingual nerve paresthesia on the first postoperative day. Data analysis for descriptive and inferential statistics was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2013) and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In comparison with the control group, the study group (LNB) showed statistically significant anesthesia of the lingual gingiva of incisors, molars, anterior floor of the mouth, and anterior tongue. Exclusive LNB is superior to IAN nerve block in achieving selective anesthesia of lingual soft tissues. It is technically simple and associated with minimal complications as compared to IAN block.

  18. Efficacy of Exclusive Lingual Nerve Block versus Conventional Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Achieving Lingual Soft-tissue Anesthesia

    PubMed Central

    Balasubramanian, Sasikala; Paneerselvam, Elavenil; Guruprasad, T; Pathumai, M; Abraham, Simin; Krishnakumar Raja, V. B.

    2017-01-01

    Objective: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of exclusive lingual nerve block (LNB) in achieving selective lingual soft-tissue anesthesia in comparison with conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients indicated for the extraction of lower premolars were recruited for the study. The samples were allocated by randomization into control and study groups. Lingual soft-tissue anesthesia was achieved by IANB and exclusive LNB in the control and study group, respectively. The primary outcome variable studied was anesthesia of ipsilateral lingual mucoperiosteum, floor of mouth and tongue. The secondary variables assessed were (1) taste sensation immediately following administration of local anesthesia and (2) mouth opening and lingual nerve paresthesia on the first postoperative day. Results: Data analysis for descriptive and inferential statistics was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2013) and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In comparison with the control group, the study group (LNB) showed statistically significant anesthesia of the lingual gingiva of incisors, molars, anterior floor of the mouth, and anterior tongue. Conclusion: Exclusive LNB is superior to IAN nerve block in achieving selective anesthesia of lingual soft tissues. It is technically simple and associated with minimal complications as compared to IAN block. PMID:29264294

  19. A sensor simulation framework for the testing and evaluation of external hazard monitors and integrated alerting and notification functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uijt de Haag, Maarten; Venable, Kyle; Bezawada, Rajesh; Adami, Tony; Vadlamani, Ananth K.

    2009-05-01

    This paper discusses a sensor simulator/synthesizer framework that can be used to test and evaluate various sensor integration strategies for the implementation of an External Hazard Monitor (EHM) and Integrated Alerting and Notification (IAN) function as part of NASA's Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck (IIFD) project. The IIFD project under the NASA's Aviation Safety program "pursues technologies related to the flight deck that ensure crew workload and situational awareness are both safely optimized and adapted to the future operational environment as envisioned by NextGen." Within the simulation framework, various inputs to the IIFD and its subsystems, the EHM and IAN, are simulated, synthesized from actual collected data, or played back from actual flight test sensor data. Sensors and avionics included in this framework are TCAS, ADS-B, Forward-Looking Infrared, Vision cameras, GPS, Inertial navigators, EGPWS, Laser Detection and Ranging sensors, altimeters, communication links with ATC, and weather radar. The framework is implemented in Simulink, a modeling language developed by The Mathworks. This modeling language allows for test and evaluation of various sensor and communication link configurations as well as the inclusion of feedback from the pilot on the performance of the aircraft. Specifically, this paper addresses the architecture of the simulator, the sensor model interfaces, the timing and database (environment) aspects of the sensor models, the user interface of the modeling environment, and the various avionics implementations.

  20. Iatrogenic trigeminal post-traumatic neuropathy: a retrospective two-year cohort study.

    PubMed

    Klazen, Y; Van der Cruyssen, F; Vranckx, M; Van Vlierberghe, M; Politis, C; Renton, T; Jacobs, R

    2018-06-01

    With the growing demand for dental work, trigeminal nerve injuries are increasingly common. This retrospective cohort study examined 53 cases of iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injury seen at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals of Leuven between 2013 and 2014 (0.6% among 8845 new patient visits). Patient records were screened for post-traumatic trigeminal nerve neuropathy caused by nerve injury incurred during implant surgery, endodontic treatment, local anaesthesia, tooth extraction, or specifically third molar removal. The patients ranged in age from 15 to 80years (mean age 42.1years) and 68% were female. The referral delay ranged from 1day to 6.5years (average 10months). The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) was most frequently injured (28 cases), followed by the lingual nerve (LN) (21 cases). Most nerve injuries were caused during third molar removal (24 cases), followed by implant placement (nine cases) and local anaesthesia injuries (nine cases). Pain symptoms were experienced by 54% of patients suffering IAN injury, compared to 10% of patients with LN injury. Persistent neurosensory disturbances were identified in 60% of patients. While prevention remains the key issue, timely referral seems to be a critical factor for the successful treatment of post-traumatic neuropathy. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  1. Solar Rocket Component Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-02-01

    3460V4.a0A&L M a..e.aS SLP඄ "LPda M ss C 0fed ______ Amsa C.f 00 FORM 󈧒M3 3 440101 eaof Ian A" 0001 aS0 WCUM?’ Ck8pi..PTION’ of I"""V4 UNCLASSIFIED... 3 Phase I, Concept Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Incident Solar Radiation Distribution...4 3 . Windowless Heat Exchanger Cavity Solar Rocket Thruster ... ..... 6 4. Final Hardware Assembly ........... ... ............... 8 5. Solar

  2. Non-kinetic Targeting Risk Assessment Methodology (NKTRAM)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-07-22

    kinetic inetic Targe J TGTs & E ement of ris s and dama ian / non-co Treaty Orga kinetic enga rce ( IATF ) t of selecting perational and prioritiza c...t e activities. T c engagemen is often inapp of a tank, is and Major S ( IATF ). ssessm opose a non ral Damage / munitions ting Risk As ) staff...prototype stage and is classified. As such, it will not be discussed or identified within this SL. In November 2013, the IATF red teamed the prototype

  3. Worldwide Report, Telecommunications Policy, Research and Development, No. 277.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-07-01

    244128 JPRS 83810 July 1983 BiäiTCBüTröR’ zmmmn A Approved for pybHc ie2eo*e; Distribution Uniixrütsd Worldwide Report TELECOMMUNICATIONS...business would choose to attack would lead to increased charges for consumers, especially in rural areas. /’The Phone Book1, by Ian Reinecke and...hefty minicom- puter power for distributed data processing and it is in this field that the low-end mainframe mar- ket is being squeezed out by 32

  4. Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments Number 53, May-June 1981.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-07-20

    Mukhametniyazova, V.M. Sarkisova, and S. Sukhanov (55). Recrystallization of indium antimonide films. IAN Turk, no. 1, 1981, 121-124. 309. Portnova, E.G., K.K...radioholograms. Sb 15, 104-114. (RZhRadiot, 6/81, 6Ye4l0) 506. Andreyeva, O.V., and V.I. Sukhanov (0). Effect of amplitude modulation on the...5Ye356) 714. Sukhanov , I.I., and Yu.V. Troitskiy (0). Phase characteristics of multibeam interferometers. OiS, v. 50, no. 5, 1981, 952-959. 715

  5. Operation STRANGLE (Italy, Spring 1944): A Case Study of Tactical Air Interdiction

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1972-02-01

    units. General Eaker reported to the new theater coi11Tlander, General Sir Henry Maitland ("Jumbo") Wilson, who had replaced General Eisenhower as...in Italy. The idea of using airpower on a massive scale to smash the German resistance on the I tal ian front was not new. It had been urged by...Brigadier W.G.F. Jackson, then on General Alexander’s staff, re- counts: "Moreover, he [General Alexander] was just as keen as Maitland Wilson [SACMED] to

  6. 2 × 2 Tables: a note on Campbell's recommendation.

    PubMed

    Busing, F M T A; Weaver, B; Dubois, S

    2016-04-15

    For 2 × 2 tables, Egon Pearson's N - 1 chi-squared statistic is theoretically more sound than Karl Pearson's chi-squared statistic, and provides more accurate p values. Moreover, Egon Pearson's N - 1 chi-squared statistic is equal to the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared statistic for a single 2 × 2 table, and as such, is often available in statistical software packages like SPSS, SAS, Stata, or R, which facilitates compliance with Ian Campbell's recommendations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  7. The Value of an Independent Royal Air Force - Breaking the Oscar Wilde Paradigm in British Defence

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-06-01

    discussion. 11 Ian Drury , Defence Correspondent, "Could this be the end for the RAF? Military chief refuses to rule out merger with Navy as cuts loom...However, would it provide the flexibility to be effective if a different threat emerged in ten years time? In contrast to Smith‟s thesis, Colin ...1984), 88. 25 General Rupert Smith, The Utility of Force – The Art of War in the Modern World (New York, NY: Vintage Books, 2008), 5. 26 Colin

  8. Functional Characterization of CENP-A Post-Translational Modifications in Chromosome Segregation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-07-01

    methods: In vitro methylation assays: 6XHis tagged Human NRMT1 (Gift from Ian Maccara) was purified from E - coli and used for the methylation assays...expression vector in BL21 E . coli and purified on Ni-NTA beads and then cleaved using Factor X (Sigma-Aldrich). The cleaved proteins were then negatively...AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Sathyan Kizhakke Mattada 5e. TASK NUMBER E -Mail: sk8fz@virginia.edu 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING

  9. Iraqi Perspectives Project. Primary Source Materials for Saddam and Terrorism: Emerging Insights from Captured Iraqi Documents. Volume 3 (Redacted)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-11-01

    Jakarta, Japanese Embassy and American Airlines in Philippines 2 CMPC-2003-00017015 2 Production and execution of a bomb within the (lIS) 3 CMPC-2003...Supporter Fallujah (near the old cinema ) A1-kubaysi Ibrahim Halub Mutar A1- ’a1wani 1982 Backer Fallulah1AI-luIan district Akram ’Abd-al-Hadi Lafta A1...towards Iraq especially during the first Gulf war when his organization conducted several military operations as follows: -Burning of the Japanese

  10. Dynamic Programming Algorithms for Planning and Robotics in Continuous Domains and the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-09-22

    provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently...CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 72 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a . REPORT unclassified b...2008 Ian Mitchell, University of British Columbia 3 Basic Path Planning • Find the optimal path p(s) to a target (or from a source) • Inputs – Cost c

  11. Production of CN (A2pi i) in the Photolysis of Acetonitrile at 158 nm.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-09-30

    Publication in Chemical Physics Letters Laser Chemistry Division Department of Chemistry Howard University Washington, D. C. 20059 September 30, 1985...4o. 1 1 m HOWARD UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON. D.C. 20059 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMIST Uf’, 0 IAn - U, -E o𔃾 -I~; - " -- w °j"" = 0-- m U, - z fdm !8d k- p;7 I ×0...E. Walrafen Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Howard University Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Washington, D.C

  12. West Europe Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-04-08

    in another religion, as the Scottish Ian Dallas. The life of Abdelkader reads like an adventure novel. First he recorded music for The Beatles , the...publication, such as the Indonesian dictator Suharto. He recently spent a month in Libya writing a work on Qadhdhafi, "a man who will go down in history ...decisive in the history of Spain throughout the past 150 years, has been in part the problem of "the military," that of a group of human beings

  13. Mechanics of Composite Materials with Different Moduli in Tension and Compression

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-07-01

    100% and 400% for carbon-carbon. The principal objective DD N 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED i i SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS...corrected. 40 TABLE 2.3 BUCKLING OF PAYLOAD BAY DOOR PANELS WITH VARIOUS LIGHTNING STRIKE PROTECTION CONCEPTS BUCKLING LOAD, N ., lb/in. CONFIGURATION...ORTHOTROPY AND HIGH Et/Ec p 70 P CC"’ CHANGE C02 CHAC -l- AXIAL CHANGE COMMISSION INTIIUNAL IXTERNAL i peamal PRESSURE 40 60 s AXIAL 0 IAN C. TENMiON

  14. Generating Realistic Environments for Cyber Operations Development, Testing, and Training

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-10-01

    specifications, or other data does not license the holder or any other person or corporation ; or convey any rights or permission to manufacture...PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 62303E 6. AUTHOR(S) Vincent H. Berk Ian Gregorio-de Souza John P. Murphy 5d. PROJECT NUMBER NTGS 5e. TASK NUMBER 00 5f...30143-1 11. [7] Murphy, J. P., Berk , V. H., and de Souza, I. G., “Effectively identifying user profiles in network and host metrics,” 7666(1), 766607

  15. Space System Applications to Tactical Operations.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-10-01

    AD-AI51 884 SPACE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS TO TACTICAL OPERATIONSIU) I, ADVISORY GROU)P FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEUILIT-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE...FOR1’ AIIII [ I [IiP[E REEAC [ [llllvd[ N I AGARD CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS No.344 Space System Applications to Tactical Operations DTIC ELECTE...nota %ii. .tm’ ih1.1i .Il t oning oiii.ian later oil Ili thre centturv are charaeteri/ed. Bloth the ad’.antage’. and limitation%. iii space ’.’.’tem

  16. Risk of Liver Injury Associated with Chinese Herbal Products Containing Radix bupleuri in 639,779 Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Chang-Hsing; Wang, Jung-Der; Chen, Pau-Chung

    2011-01-01

    Background Chinese herbal products (CHPs) containing Radix bupleuri are often prescribed for chronic hepatitis. There have been no epidemiological studies in populations with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Our study was conducted to determine the association between the use of CHPs containing Radix bupleuri and the risk of hospitalisation related to liver injury among HBV-infected patients in Taiwan. Methods From a total of 639,779 patients with diagnoses related to HBV infection, we included hospitalised adult cases with a primary diagnosis of liver injury in the database of Taiwan's national health insurance during the period 1997–2004. Case-control and case-crossover designs were used to assess the risk of hospitalisation with conditional logistic regression models constructed and adjusted for 270 conventionally hepatotoxic drugs. Cumulative doses of these CHPs and Radix bupleuri were assessed for any dose-response relationship. Findings In total, we collected 1,080 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the case-control design, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30 to 2.77). The risks from prescribing the CHPs Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang and Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang were significantly high, and dose-response relationships were found. The risk of adding each 19 gm dose of Radix bupleuri was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.66 to 2.89). The results using the case-crossover design remained similar. Conclusions Prescribing Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang, or CHPs containing more than 19 gram of Radix bupleuri in HBV-infected patients might increase their risks of liver injury. Further studies are indicated to corroborate the above findings. PMID:21264326

  17. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription patterns for migraine patients in Taiwan: a population-based study.

    PubMed

    Chang, Yu-Yun; Tsai, Yueh-Ting; Lai, Jung-Nien; Yeh, Chia-Hao; Lin, Shun-Ku

    2014-02-12

    Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), when given for symptom relief, has gained widespread popularity among migraine patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the utilization of TCM among migraine patients in Taiwan. The usage, frequency of service, and the Chinese herbal products prescribed for migraine were evaluated using a representative sample of one million subjects selected at random from the 22 million beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance scheme of Taiwan. Overall, 89.3% (N=12,827) migraine patients utilized TCM and 24.2% of them sought TCM with the intention of treating their migraine-related symptoms. Migraine patients who are living in urban area and those with an episodic migraine pattern (<15 days/month) (aOR=3.18, 95% CI: 2.75-3.67) were more likely to be TCM users than those living in a rural area and those who suffered from chronic migraine (≥15 days/month) (aOR=1.00). Overall, 81.2% of TCM visits involved the prescription of a Chinese herbal remedy or remedies and Chuan-Xiong-Cha-Tiao-San, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Ge-Gen-Tang, Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang, Ban-Xia-Bai-Zhu-Tian-Ma-Tang, Qing-Shang-Juan-Tong-Tang, Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin, Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, and Tian-Wang-Bu-Xin-Dan were the ten most frequently prescribed formula for treating migraine based on syndrome differentiation. Chuan-Xiong-Cha-Tiao-San, which contains sedative and anti-inflammatory agents, is the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of migraine-related phenomena. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Molecular Identification of Sibling Species of Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) That Parasitize Buprestid and Cerambycid Beetles by Using Partial Sequences of Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 and 28S Ribosomal RNA Gene

    PubMed Central

    Jiang, Yuan; Yang, Zhongqi; Wang, Xiaoyi; Hou, Yuxia

    2015-01-01

    The species belonging to Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) are currently the most important insect natural enemies of wood borer pests, mainly buprestid and cerambycid beetles, in China. However, some sibling species of this genus are very difficult to distinguish because of their similar morphological features. To address this issue, we conducted phylogenetic and genetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 28S RNA gene sequences from eight species of Sclerodermus reared from different wood borer pests. The eight sibling species were as follows: S. guani Xiao et Wu, S. sichuanensis Xiao, S. pupariae Yang et Yao, and Sclerodermus spp. (Nos. 1–5). A 594-bp fragment of COI and 750-bp fragment of 28S were subsequently sequenced. For COI, the G-C content was found to be low in all the species, averaging to about 30.0%. Sequence divergences (Kimura-2-parameter distances) between congeneric species averaged to 4.5%, and intraspecific divergences averaged to about 0.09%. Further, the maximum sequence divergences between congeneric species and Sclerodermus sp. (No. 5) averaged to about 16.5%. All 136 samples analyzed were included in six reciprocally monophyletic clades in the COI neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. The NJ tree inferred from the 28S rRNA sequence yielded almost identical results, but the samples from S. guani, S. sichuanensis, S. pupariae, and Sclerodermus spp. (Nos. 1–4) clustered together and only Sclerodermus sp. (No. 5) clustered separately. Our findings indicate that the standard barcode region of COI can be efficiently used to distinguish morphologically similar Sclerodermus species. Further, we speculate that Sclerodermus sp. (No. 5) might be a new species of Sclerodermus. PMID:25782000

  19. Conducting the Softer Side of Counterinsurgency

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-12-01

    Donini , Larry Minear, Ian Smillie, Ted van Baarda and Anthony and Welch, Mapping the Security...Content Analysis Matrix In fo rm at io n O pe ra tio n S itu at io na l A w ar en es s C ul tu ra l A w ar en es s E m pa th y C om m an d In...Journal, no. JUL-AUG (2008): 42-44, 43. 90 Donini et al., Mapping the Security Environment: Understanding the perceptions of local communities,

  20. Executive reflects on progress in the oil and gas industry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Popov, S.

    1997-08-01

    This paper reflects on the UK oil and gas industry`s international globalization and progress from the perspective of a UK industry executive. Sir Ian Wood, managing director of John Wood Group plc, outlined past and future industry developments during a 1997 Offshore Technology Conference speech. He concludes that the UK supply and service industry is now fully involved in the international arena, and hopes to play a significant role in the exciting oil and gas developments in the Gulf of Mexico and frontiers worldwide.

  1. The Archaeology of Coralville Lake, Iowa. Volume 3. Sample Survey (Interim Report 1).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-03-01

    n t ho I aite 19 60 ’ s , Air ian Anderson di rectedl a se-r ies coI Li in a ner e I cd s c1. ooIs v It 1h s tude ntLs f r om the tini v-er’si ty of r...wash cap the surface (Figure 13). 7 0- ii NORTH PROFILE 13 JH 479- UNIT 2 SIL WY 3/ c(HISTOWiCAL ALLUVIUM) stl ~SILT WVITH MINk CLAY JOYN 3/3 SCALE I

  2. Curtis E. LeMay: A Great Warrior

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-04-01

    Continue On F& Veta . sid~ e Of necessary and Identify hr block number) - Roview, analysis and comparison of Curtis E.Lemay’s strategy ir Europe and the...000 AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE STUDENT REPORT, . CURTIS E . LE-MAY A GREAT WARRIORi’ l MAVO IAN . ROBINSON 84,-2190 -AUG 1 0 1984 • "’insights into...tomorrow" E ,,=IL i ’,’ ....... -" -- 84 08 08 03 ~032 DISCLAIMER The views and conclusions expressed in this document are those of the author. They

  3. POST-BIONIAN DEVELOPMENTS IN PSYCHOANALYTIC FIELD THEORY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANTONINO FERRO AND GIUSEPPE CIVITARESE.

    PubMed

    Katz, S Montana

    2017-04-01

    The Bi-Personal Field: Experiences in Child Psychoanalysis. By Antonino Ferro. New York: Routledge, 1992 (1999). 232 pp. The Intimate Room: Theory and Technique of the Analytic Field. By Giuseppe Civitarese. New York: Routledge, 2008 (2010). 240 pp. The Necessary Dream: New Theories and Techniques of Interpretation in Psychoanalysis. By Giuseppe Civitarese; translated by Ian Harvey. London: Karnac, 2013 (2014). 246 pp. The Analytic Field and Its Transformations. By Antonino Ferro and Giuseppe Civitarese. London: Karnac, 2015. 224 pp. © 2017 The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Inc.

  4. A Low Cost Navigation Microprocessor System.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-03-01

    a., 77843. uaed to iteratively update hi ~~~~~~~~~ -~~~- .:S~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .— a — ~~~~~~~~~. - ~~~~ - . .- . — --- •5 n- -pr~~~ I~~~ ‘77 PIC ~~DU...the altitude above the reference ellipsoid (Ian — feature is implemented as step (6) below . nude —longitude—altitude coordinate system). Since cal

  5. Management and the Executive.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-01-01

    8217RDUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. 2nd ed. New York, NY: fk; Graw -Hill, 1982. 590 p. HD 31 .M478 1982 (182) Mitroff, Ian I. STAKEHOIDERS OF THE...ROPES TO KNOW: STUDIES IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. 2nd ed. Columbus, OH: Grid Pub., 1982. 290 p. HD 58.7 .R57 1982 (216) Robbins, Stephen ...34 Stephen J. Carroll and Dennis J. Gillen. W-ADEMY OF MANAGT REVIEN 12:38-51, January 1987 (290) 1 ( "Axe You Firing Talented nagers?" Richard Gould

  6. An Analysis of the Relationship Between Control Discrimination Accuracy and Alcohol Abuse in the United States Air Force.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-08-01

    theoretical perspective. I thank Dr. Marion Neil for her editorial and organizational contributions that helped to put this work into a presentable form. Over...RESOLUTION T EST CHART I’ NATIPONAL RUNE A( ,I IAN [AN,A ’ I *33 Table 6 (continued) PO I Item ECDA ICDA 125 .27 -. 08 142 .32 .00 *~~~~~7 77 ..-. .--- r...within the validity standards of .40 to .60 described by Downie and Heath (1967). The superior discriminant validity of the TCDA scale suggests that

  7. Corrigendum.

    PubMed

    2015-04-01

    Corrigendum for 'GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT RESPONSE' by: Karen Hodgson, Katherine Tansey, Mojca Zvezdana Dernovšek, Joanna Hauser, Neven Henigsberg, Wolfgang Maier, Ole Mors, Anna Placentino, Marcella Rietschel, Daniel Souery, Rebecca Smith, Ian W Craig, Anne E Farmer, Katherine J Aitchison, Sarah Belsey, Oliver SP Davis, Rudolf Uher, and Peter McGuffin. Journal of Psychopharmacology 28: 133-141. DOI: 10.1177/0269881113512041. The following author name Sarah Belsey was erroneously misspelled as Sarah Belsy. © The Author(s) 2015.

  8. A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF BCS RF SURFACE IMPEDANCE WITH MAGNETIC FIELD USING THE XIAO CODE

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Reece, Charles E.; Xiao, Binping

    2013-09-01

    A recent new analysis of field-dependent BCS rf surface impedance based on moving Cooper pairs has been presented.[1] Using this analysis coded in Mathematica TM, survey calculations have been completed which examine the sensitivities of this surface impedance to variation of the BCS material parameters and temperature. The results present a refined description of the "best theoretical" performance available to potential applications with corresponding materials.

  9. Studies of Young Hawai'ian Lava Tubes: Implications for Planetary Habitability and Human Exploration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    McAdam, Amy; Bleacher, Jacob; Young, Kelsey; Johnson, Sarah Stewart; Needham, Debra; Schmerr, Nicholas; Shiro, Brian; Garry, Brent; Whelley, Patrick; Knudson, Christine; hide

    2017-01-01

    Habitability: Subsurface environments may preserve records of habitability or biosignatures, with more stable environmental conditions compared to surface (e.g., smaller variations in temperature and humidity) and reduced exposure to radiation; Lava tubes are expected on Mars, and candidates are observed from orbit; Few detailed studies of microbial populations in terrestrial lava caves; Also contain a variety of secondary minerals; Microbial activity may play a role in mineral formation or be preserved in these minerals; Minerals can provide insight into fluids (e.g., pH, temperature).

  10. Marine data management: from early explorers to e-infrastructures (Ian McHarg Medal Lecture)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Glaves, Helen

    2016-04-01

    Ocean observations have been made for as long as Man has been exploring the seas. Early Phoenician and Viking explorers developed extensive knowledge of currents, tides and weather patterns that they shared directly with their peers. Eighteenth century log books from whaling ships and the voyages of explorers, such as Captain Cook, documented sea conditions and weather patterns, and it is these records that are used today to extend oceanographic records back to a time before systematic observing of the ocean began. This historical information is now being used to address the grand challenges being faced by Society in the 21st century in ways that the 18th century seafarers could never have imagined. Systematic ocean observation and the science of modern oceanography began in the late 19th century with the voyages of HMS Challenger. Since these early scientific cruises ocean observation has become more and more sophisticated. Increasingly diverse types of equipment mounted on different types of platforms are generating huge amounts of data delivered in a variety of formats and conforming to a range of standards and best practice. It is this heterogeneity of marine data that has presented one of the greatest challenges for the modern researcher. As marine research becomes increasingly international, cross-disciplinary and multiscale, it presents new and more complex challenges for data stewardship. Increasingly large volumes of interoperable data are needed to address fundamental questions such as the assessment of Man's impact on the marine environment or the sustainable exploitation of available marine resources whilst maintaining the good environmental status of the ocean. This presentation will provide a brief overview of the acquisition and sharing of information about the marine environment from the earliest explorers to the modern day. It will look at some of the challenges faced by today's marine researcher seeking to make use of multidisciplinary and sometimes unfamiliar data, the data manager responsible for its stewardship, and the thousands of organisations and institutions around the world tasked with providing access to the vast volumes of data needed to support this increasingly global approach to marine research.

  11. Coronectomy of Deeply Impacted Lower Third Molar: Incidence of Outcomes and Complications after One Year Follow-Up

    PubMed Central

    Heijsters, Guido; Salem, Ahmed Sobhy; Van Slycke, Sarah; Schepers, Serge; Politis, Constantinus; Vrielinck, Luc

    2015-01-01

    ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of present study was to assess the surgical management of impacted third molar with proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and complications associated with coronectomy in a series of patients undergoing third molar surgery. Material and Methods The position of the mandibular canal in relation to the mandibular third molar region and mandibular foramen in the front part of the mandible (i.e., third molar in close proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve [IAN] or not) was identified on panoramic radiographs of patients scheduled for third molar extraction. Results Close proximity to the IAN was observed in 64 patients (35 females, 29 males) with an impacted mandibular third molar. Coronectomy was performed in these patients. The most common complication was tooth migration away from the mandibular canal (n = 14), followed by root exposure (n = 5). Re-operation to remove the root was performed in cases with periapical infection and root exposure. Conclusions The results indicate that coronectomy can be considered a reasonable and safe treatment alternative for patients who demonstrate elevated risk for injury to the inferior alveolar nerve with removal of the third molars. Coronectomy did not increase the incidence of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and would be safer than complete extraction in situations in which the root of the mandibular third molar overlaps or is in close proximity to the mandibular canal. PMID:26229580

  12. Public Water Supply, Red River Parish, Louisiana.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-04-01

    aI -4 w0 > k)~ 04 00 004 0 Ř 1-4 ua4 0 to 441 Ia) 40 1.H r. ) 4 14w w. ’a (A 0a 4) 0 a 0 Ai 0 41 .a- .a. to 0tic .. 9-:. PS4 W w~ u 00 r4 to- $4 0...tidT.ant sho~uld he recoarded on the hack -4 VA IL Ilbis Ir t o a. st.panite %heef andI alla, hv.. r I L_ 1 1 14. 4;. ian the valaies in ech

  13. Crucible of fire: the Boer War and the birth of the Canadian Army Medical Corps.

    PubMed Central

    McCulloch, I

    1995-01-01

    Although Canada's military physicians didn't come to prominence until WW I and WW II, the Canadian Army Medical Corps (CAMC), the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps and the current Canadian Forces Medical Service, actually had its origins in the Boer War. During that turn-of-the-century conflict, field hospitals accompanied Canadian troops to South Africa. Ian McCulloch discusses that early type of medical service and the steps that led to the creation of the CAMC. Images p1495-a p1496-a PMID:7585380

  14. Republic of Iraq: A Country Study

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-04-16

    Saddam Hussein’s rise to power and his continued control of Iraq we see these Machiavell ian principles in operation. In February 1963, after calling the... managed to al ienate everyone of her neighbors, and cannot be counted on to promote anything but Saddam’s personal irterests. The economic sanctions...House; Nev. Dehli , 19 ’I1 45. Roe-,ert O,.=..r,, "The Kur dish Question in the Aftermatih of t i,- Gulf W.r"., Third World Quarterly, 1992, 47E5 -45? 24

  15. Terrorist Criminal Pipelines and Criminalized States: Emerging Alliances

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-01

    experience, it lauds radical Islam (as well as past terrorists such as Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, better known as “Carlos the Jackal ”)35 for helping to expand...Miami Herald, November 11, 2005. 36 Ian James, “Chavez Praises Carlos the Jackal ,” Associated Press, November 21, 2009, available at <www...independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chavez-praises-carlos-the- jackal -1825135.html>. teRRoRISt-cRIMInal PIPelIneS and cRIMInalIzed StateS 32 | FeatuReS PRISM 2, no

  16. Investigation of Sheath Phenomena in Electronegative Glow Discharges.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-04-01

    NUMBER 22c OFFICE SYMBOL DD FORM 1473, 83 APR )sTI,)N OF I IAN 71lIS rfJBSOLE ’I. UNCLASSIFIED _______ SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE _t,[L L; Z...Energy Electron Cross Sections in HCI 199 . .. . ° ° . - LiST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Summary uf GLOW Code Fesults for He/HCl rNixtures... Cross Src: tiuns in HCI. ......... ... 197 A, i~lX I 4.’ S[LIION I. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCT1O0 AND DEFIr’ITION OF TEI<.S An understanding of the role

  17. Hardening: Australian for Transformation

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-01-01

    German design Leopard II or the US M1A1 Abrams. See Ian McPhedran “Hill in talks to buy Leopards, The Herald Sun. 09 January 2004, [On-line]; available...Government of the need to buy new tanks. 128 In complex war fighting, one cannot always expect to start from a position of advantage. An army’s...white paper, said he had been told that the decision to buy the Abrams "has in effect been made". The $600 million price tag was high and could be

  18. Reversible Lysine Acetylation Regulates Activity of Human Glycine N-Acyltransferase-like 2 (hGLYATL2)

    PubMed Central

    Waluk, Dominik P.; Sucharski, Filip; Sipos, Laszlo; Silberring, Jerzy; Hunt, Mary C.

    2012-01-01

    Lysine acetylation is a major post-translational modification of proteins and regulates many physiological processes such as metabolism, cell migration, aging, and inflammation. Proteomic studies have identified numerous lysine-acetylated proteins in human and mouse models (Kim, S. C., Sprung, R., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., Ball, H., Pei, J., Cheng, T., Kho, Y., Xiao, H., Xiao, L., Grishin, N. V., White, M., Yang, X. J., and Zhao, Y. (2006) Mol. Cell 23, 607–618). One family of proteins identified in this study was the murine glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) enzymes, which are acetylated on lysine 19. Lysine 19 is a conserved residue in human glycine N-acyltransferase-like 2 (hGLYATL2) and in several other species, showing that this residue may be important for enzyme function. Mutation of lysine 19 in recombinant hGLYATL2 to glutamine (K19Q) and arginine (K19R) resulted in a 50–80% lower production of N-oleoyl glycine and N-arachidonoylglycine, indicating that lysine 19 is important for enzyme function. LC/MS/MS confirmed that Lys-19 is not acetylated in wild-type hGLYATL2, indicating that Lys-19 requires to be deacetylated for full activity. The hGLYATL2 enzyme conjugates medium- and long-chain saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoA esters to glycine, resulting in the production of N-oleoyl glycine and also N-arachidonoyl glycine. N-Oleoyl glycine and N-arachidonoyl glycine are structurally and functionally related to endocannabinoids and have been identified as signaling molecules that regulate functions like the perception of pain and body temperature and also have anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, acetylation of lysine(s) in hGLYATL2 regulates the enzyme activity, thus linking post-translational modification of proteins with the production of biological signaling molecules, the N-acyl glycines. PMID:22408254

  19. Coprescription of Chinese herbal medicine and Western medication among female patients with breast cancer in Taiwan: analysis of national insurance claims.

    PubMed

    Wang, Bih-Ru; Chang, Yuh-Lih; Chen, Tzeng-Ji; Chiu, Jen-Hwey; Wu, Jing Chong; Wu, Min-Shan; Chou, Chia-Lin; Chou, Yueh-Ching

    2014-01-01

    Many female breast cancer (FBC) patients take Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and Western medication (WM) concurrently in Taiwan. Despite the possibility of interactions between the CHM and WM mentioned in previous studies, the pattern of these coprescriptions in FBC patients remains unclear. Hence, the aim of the present study is to investigate the utilization of coprescriptions of CHM and WM among the FBC patients in Taiwan. The study was a cross-sectional survey using the sampled cohort in 2009 obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. There were 3,507 FBC patients identified from the registry for catastrophic illness patients. Ambulatory visit records, corresponding prescriptions, and the data of beneficiaries belonging to the FBC patients were further extracted. A total of 1,086 FBC patients used CHM at least once. CHM and WM prescribed within any overlapping duration were defined as coprescriptions. There were 868 (80.0%) patients simultaneously receiving CHM and WM. A total of 4,927 CHM prescriptions and 6,358 WM prescriptions were prescribed concurrently. Among these coprescriptions, the most frequently used CHM was jia-wei-xiao-yao-san (21.2%), and the most frequently coprescribed WM was acetaminophen (38.9%), followed by tamoxifen (25.5%). There were 346 patients using systemic adjuvant therapy and CHM concurrently. The most commonly coprescribed CHM with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and trastuzumab was xiang-sha-liu-jun-zi-tang, jia-wei-xiao-yao-san, and zhi-gan-cao-tang, respectively. The combined use of CHM with WM is prevalent. The main purpose of combining CHM with systemic cancer treatment is to alleviate the treatment-related adverse effects. However, the combination may result in the potential risk of drug-herb interactions. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the CHM and WM coprescriptions for FBC patients.

  20. The use of Chinese herbal products and its influence on tamoxifen induced endometrial cancer risk among female breast cancer patients: a population-based study.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Yueh-Ting; Lai, Jung-Nien; Wu, Chien-Tung

    2014-09-11

    The increased practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) worldwide has raised concerns regarding herb-drug interactions. The purpose of our study was to analyze the use of Chinese herbal products (CHPs) and to estimate the influence of the use of CHP on tamoxifen induced endometrial cancer risk among female breast cancer patients in Taiwan. All patients newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer receiving tamoxifen treatment from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2008 were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database. The usage, frequency of service, and CHPs prescribed among the 20,466 tamoxifen-treated female breast cancer patients were analyzed. The logistic regression method was employed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for utilization of CHPs. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for subsequent endometrial cancer for CHP non-users and CHP users among female breast cancer patients who had undergone tamoxifen treatment. More than half of the subjects had ever used a CHP. Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (Augmented Rambling Powder) and Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang (Channel-Coursing Blood-Quickening Decoction) were the two most commonly used CHPs. The HR for the development of endometrial cancer among CHP users was 0.50-fold (95% CI=0.38-0.64) compared to that of CHP non-users. More than half of the study subjects had ever used a CHP. Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San was the most commonly used CHP. Among female breast cancer patients who had undergone tamoxifen therapy, CHP consumption decreased the risk of subsequent endometrial cancer. Exploring potential Chinese herb-tamoxifen interactions and integrating both healthcare approaches are beneficial to the overall health outcomes of tamoxifen-treated female breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. More than Meets the Eye: A Primer for "Timing of Locomotor Recovery from Anoxia Modulated by the white Gene in Drosophila melanogaster".

    PubMed

    Hersh, Bradley M

    2016-12-01

    SummaryA single gene might have several functions within an organism, and so mutational loss of that gene has multiple effects across different physiological systems in the organism. Though the white gene in Drosophila melanogaster was identified originally for its effect on fly eye color, an article by Xiao and Robertson in the June 2016 issue of GENETICS describes a function for the white gene in the response of Drosophila to oxygen deprivation. This Primer article provides background information on the white gene, the phenomenon of pleiotropy, and the molecular and genetic approaches used in the study to demonstrate a new behavioral function for the white gene. Copyright © 2016 by the Genetics Society of America.

  2. Cigarettes, social reinforcement, and culture: a commentary on "Tobacco as a social currency: cigarette gifting and sharing in China".

    PubMed

    Ding, Ding; Hovell, Melbourne F

    2012-03-01

    As Rich and Xiao suggested, cigarette sharing and gifting play an important role in China's smoking epidemic. Understanding the cultural roots, history, and impacts of such practices should be emphasized in tobacco control efforts. "Tobacco as a social currency" is a consequence of the tobacco industry usurping traditional values and cultural customs to make cigarette gifting acceptable, desirable, and socially reinforcing. The cigarettes-social reinforcement link created by the tobacco industry can be broken by deglamorizing smoking and cigarette gifting and by reinforcing alternative healthful behaviors. A behavioral ecological perspective, with an emphasis of understanding and engineering cultures, should guide future health promotion efforts to reduce smoking and other risk practices in China.

  3. Surgical Management of Laterognathia in Orthofacial Surgery.

    PubMed

    García Y Sánchez, J M; Gómez Rodríguez, C L; Romero Flores, J

    2017-09-01

    Each year around the world, various surgical procedures are carried out with the goal of correcting laterognathia; both the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (OSB) have been the most used techniques in mandibular surgery. These techniques have advantages and disadvantages; for example the advantages of the OSB include: increased coefficient of friction between bony segments, for both the forward and the retroposition, as well as decrease in the time of intermaxillary fixation (IMF). Disadvantages include injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), hemorrhage, bad split, among others. The advantages of IVRO include decrease of possibility of injury to the IAN, ease of implementation of the technique, a lower incidence of hemorrhage and the short duration of the surgical procedure. Their disadvantages include: lower coefficient of friction between bony segments, requires a relatively long period of IMF. The combination between the techniques of mandibular osteotomy for the correction of minor 10 mm laterognathia is the ideal treatment, since it avoids potential recurrence. We describe two cases of patients with laterognathia greater than 6 mm associated with maxilla deformity, which were treated with combined osteotomies. At Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, we describe the advantages and disadvantages, pre and postoperative nosocomial, by comparing them with the reports of the literature. The combination of techniques in the correction of laterognathias greater than 4 mm (smaller than 10 mm) is the ideal treatment, eliminating problems of articular compression, recurrence and damage to the alveolar nerve.

  4. Anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine mandibular buccal infiltration compared to 2% lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block in children with irreversible pulpitis.

    PubMed

    Arali, Veena; P, Mytri

    2015-04-01

    Lidocaine is the gold standard anaesthetic solution that has been used since its inception into dentistry till date. Around 80% of failures have been reported when lignocaine has been used for inferior alveolar nerve block in children and adults with irreversible pulpitis. There is a need to use newer drugs which are available which have been reported to be effective like lignocaine, such as articaine. Although articaine has been used in adults, literature supporting its use in children is sparse. The purpose of this study is to compare the anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine buccal infiltration and 2% lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block in children with irreversible pulpitis. It also aims to assess the need for supplemental intrapulpal injections. This study was designed as a randomized double-blind cross over trial comparing the anaesthetic effectiveness of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in buccal infiltration and 2% lignocaine IAN block anaesthesia. The study subject and the pediatric dentist performing the pulpectomy procedures were blinded to the study. A sample size of 40 subjects in the age group of 5-8 y was included in the study. The onset of anaesthesia with 4% articaine was faster as compared to 2% lignocaine. The duration of anaesthesia with articaine infiltration was shorter. The need for supplemental injection in the articaine group was less. Four percent articaine infiltration can be used in children with irreversible pulpitis. It can be used to replace the IAN block in children thereby reducing the post anaesthetic complications like lip biting.

  5. CASE SERIES: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in the Course of the Mandibular Nerve.

    PubMed

    Monika, Probst; Steffen, Koerdt; Maximilian, Ritschl Lucas; Oliver, Bissinger; Friederike, Liesche; Jens, Gempt; Bernhard, Meyer; Egon, Burian; Nina, Lummel; Andreas, Kolk

    2018-06-05

    Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are infiltrating, aggressive tumors belonging to the group of soft tissue sarcomas. This report refers to three patients with a tumorous swelling in the entire inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) with similar disease courses suspect for a MPNST, which is particularly rare in the trigeminal nerve. Diagnostic tools, surgical proceedings and reconstructive procedures were highlighted. Three male patients (58-68 years), who suffered from numbness, pain and mild swelling in the sensation area served by the mental nerve presented at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery and underwent diagnostic workup including CT, MRI, F18-PET-CT, as well as a biopsy of the clinical visible tumor mass with histopathological and molecular pathological analysis. MR imaging revealed the full extent of the tumor comprising the course of the entire mandibular nerve (one case bilateral) starting in the trigeminal ganglion through the IAN and ending in the mental foramen. Hence, both a neurosurgical and maxillofacial intervention with jaw replacement were necessary. Adjuvant radiation of the intracranial closed resection margins, and in one case of parts of the mandible was required. In order to reveal the full extent of tumor spread of MPNSTs sufficient preoperative imaging is crucial as it is an important step in therapy planning. MRI and PET-CT are the imaging modalities with the best prospect of success in depicting the whole extent of the disease. Radical surgical management is the treatment of choice whereas radiochemotherapy shows an ancillary part. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Buffered 2% Lidocaine With 1 : 100,000 Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks

    PubMed Central

    Whitcomb, Michael; Drum, Melissa; Reader, Al; Nusstein, John; Beck, Mike

    2010-01-01

    Abstract The authors, using a crossover design, randomly administered, in a double-blind manner, inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks using a buffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine/sodium bicarbonate formulation and an unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine formulation at 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. An electric pulp tester was used in 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes to test for anesthesia of the first and second molars, premolars, and lateral and central incisors. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings were obtained within 15 minutes, and the 80 reading was continuously sustained for 60 minutes. For the buffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine/sodium bicarbonate formulation, successful pulpal anesthesia ranged from 10–71%. For the unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine formulation, successful pulpal anesthesia ranged from 10–72%. No significant differences between the 2 anesthetic formulations were noted. The buffered lidocaine formulation did not statistically result in faster onset of pulpal anesthesia or less pain during injection than did the unbuffered lidocaine formulation. We concluded that buffering a 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine with sodium bicarbonate, as was formulated in the current study, did not statistically increase anesthetic success, provide faster onset, or result in less pain of injection when compared with unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine for an IAN block. PMID:20553136

  7. Characterization of a nitrilase and a nitrile hydratase from Pseudomonas sp. strain UW4 that converts indole-3-acetonitrile to indole-3-acetic acid.

    PubMed

    Duca, Daiana; Rose, David R; Glick, Bernard R

    2014-08-01

    Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a fundamental phytohormone with the ability to control many aspects of plant growth and development. Pseudomonas sp. strain UW4 is a rhizospheric plant growth-promoting bacterium that produces and secretes IAA. While several putative IAA biosynthetic genes have been reported in this bacterium, the pathways leading to the production of IAA in strain UW4 are unclear. Here, the presence of the indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and indole-3-acetaldoxime/indole-3-acetonitrile (IAOx/IAN) pathways of IAA biosynthesis is described, and the specific role of two of the enzymes (nitrilase and nitrile hydratase) that mediate these pathways is assessed. The genes encoding these two enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzymes were isolated and characterized. Substrate-feeding assays indicate that the nitrilase produces both IAM and IAA from the IAN substrate, while the nitrile hydratase only produces IAM. The two nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes have very different temperature and pH optimums. Nitrilase prefers a temperature of 50°C and a pH of 6, while nitrile hydratase prefers 4°C and a pH of 7.5. Based on multiple sequence alignments and motif analyses, physicochemical properties and enzyme assays, it is concluded that the UW4 nitrilase has an aromatic substrate specificity. The nitrile hydratase is identified as an iron-type metalloenzyme that does not require the help of a P47K activator protein to be active. These data are interpreted in terms of a preliminary model for the biosynthesis of IAA in this bacterium.

  8. Further Thoughts on the Writing of Stories: A Response to Michael Gard and Ian Wellard

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbourne, David; Jones, Robyn

    2014-01-01

    In his most recent piece (Gilbourne et al., 2011) and in the present article, the author revisits the notion of "caring" in applied sport psychology, offering readers the chance to wonder how a word misplaced or a gesture of casual indifference might cause lasting damage. As in his recent book, "Critical Essays in Sport…

  9. The Changing Conduct of Geoscience in a Data Intensive World (Ian McHarg Medal Lecture)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fox, P.

    2012-04-01

    Electronic facilitation of scientific research (often called eResearch or eScience) is increasingly prevelant in geosciences. Among the consequences of new and diversifying means of complex (*) data generation is that as many branches of science have become data-intensive (so-called fourth paradigm), they in turn broaden their long-tail distributions - smaller volume, but often complex data, will always lead to excellent science. There are many familar informatics functions that enable the conduct of science (by specialists or non-specialists) in this new regime. For example, the need for any user to be able to discover relations among and between the results of data analyses and informational queries. Unfortunately, true science exploration, for example visual discovery, over complex data remains more of an art form than an easily conducted practice. In general, the resource costs of creating useful visualizations has been increasing. Less than 10 years ago, it was assessed that data-centric science required a rough split between the time to generate, analyze, and publish data and the science based on that data. Today however, the visualization and analysis component has become a bottleneck, requiring considerably more of the overall effort and this trend will continue. Potentially even worse, is the choice to simplify analyses to 'get the work out'. Extra effort to make data understandable, something that should be routine, is now consuming considerable resources that could be used for many other purposes. It is now time to change that trend. This contribution lays out informatics paths for truly 'exploratory' conduct of science cast in the present and rapidly changing reality of Web/Internet-based data and software infrastructures. A logical consequence of these paths is that the people working in this new mode of research, i.e. data scientists, require additional and different education to become effective and routine users of new informatics capabilities. One goal is to achieve the same fluency that researchers may have in lab techniques, instrument utilization, model development and use, etc. Thus, in conclusion, curriculum and skill requirements for data scientists will be presented and discussed. * complex/ intensive = large volume, multi-scale, multi-modal, multi-dimensional, multi-disciplinary, and heterogeneous structure.

  10. Laboratory Investigation of Expansion and Venting and Plug Response in the MX Trench.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-02-01

    twnch is it hotoi. [’i’-t lb) W~ls t’olld(itd I-r il no0111a I 1rLt I I ,C tLit prl( SIrt OL’f 2 1 1 )S pi. SOil Irf1oil thi IL\\V 1 11051 F5S1 to Ua W...hloc ks bn,;ian to opc -n 111) . SCVCla Il add i tL/Io;il I .r [1ks Ircl :11 OSt immc!Ld 1;ltc lV. (The", (’[ll 1wscl cilsil :Vit t - i IhLc roof I

  11. Hazard Assessment Computer System HACS/UIM Users’ Operation Manual. Volume II.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-09-01

    AMMONIUM OXALATE FAS FERROUS AMMONIUM SULFATE FCL FERRIC CHLORIDE FCP FERRIC GLYCEROPHOSPHATE FEC FERROUS CHLORIDE FFA FURFURAL FFB FERROUS FLUOROBORATE...FAL FFA FFBi FMA FNS FSA FSL FXX BAK GAT SAY SCM GCR GCS SOC SOS SPL SRF GSR STA J-2 HAC HAI HAL HEIR HCC HCL HCN HDC HE’S HDZ HFA HFX HMD HMI HPA...ENP EOEI EOP EOT EPC ETA ETC ETD ETf3 ETI FAL FFA FFB FMA FMS VSL OCR GOS GIA MAC HAI HCL Ht’Z HFA HMD HMI HPA HPdkt HPO HSS HXG IAA IAC IAL IAN IBR

  12. Thermophysical and Electronic Properties of Foreign Nonstainless Alloy Steels, Carbon Steels, and Cast Irons, A Comprehensive Survey of the World Literature,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-11-01

    PHYSICAL P;OPkRTIES CF ANTIMONY CAST IRONS. LONDON UNIV.. LONOCN. ENGLAND, PH.O. THESIS PI#UI.,V M K VAfAGIN MA M 1-79 1938 RU.IAN ATIAb PUOflsCTION 1...SURFACE TENCIC. PF LYCUIE ’ CFt AELC5. i𔄀-iC, ±9717 FOR OMZINAL ZEE T74161 I K.INl. V. CC. ANT. CONE. C. TECHP-OL. IRON STEEL IT ?4󈧏 1FT. 1 1 ~-i 971...978. A7 .-IG- PRESSURES 4143 TME EAIHS-.S COME. T4’%Lov. G. 10950617 Ur.;V. ;ALIFORNIA, LIVERMORE. PP-. JI. THESIS EFFECT OF TEMPERING ON GNINDING

  13. Influence of Wing Dam Notching on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Pool 13, Upper Mississippi River: The Prenotching Study.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-05-01

    the recovery stages. In the River Endrick in Scotland, Maitland t 30 (1964, cited by Hynes 1970) reported that winter flooding reduced the invertebrate...pp. Maddock, T., Jr. 1972. Hydrologic behavior of stream channels. Trans. 37th North Amer. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. 37: 366-374. Maitland , P.S. 1964...0* * 9 0 * * - .4 - a , 9 II - IA .93 - 9 *99 9 - .7 - .*. a’ - .0 -4 CI C - - S a * a A - IAN 0 a’ U41 - N 0’ (4 U. a -) 9 0 379 199 0 NC 0 0 s-u’ 00

  14. Occupational Emergency Medicine - Introduction

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    ril lo r the bu ’ eml ..’ rgen • ph i ia n in ea reh or a pra ti al guide ro occupa tional l1wLiicil1l’ in the emerg ’ncy der a n · menl. Occu pa...prol e llvc eq uip me n t ( I )PI~ d o C’ ~ Jlnt u s u il ll 0 cu r ill th L: ’m ergcl l (kp~ r1Ill" I1 I . Jil emL ’ rgell cy pll ysi Ian ll1il Y n

  15. SETI: Spreading the net

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carstairs, Ian R.

    2002-12-01

    Ian R Carstairs reports on efforts to extend the search for extraterrestrial intelligence to X and γ-ray regions. Traditional Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) strategies have used radio, microwave and, to a limited extent, optical searches. But this ignores the higher energy X and γ-ray regions that a technologically advanced extraterrestrial civilization might use to attract our attention - using messages encoded in discrete photon-counting exchange, much like the signals seen from pulsars. Here, the methods used in high-energy pulsar detection and analysis are reviewed and applied to this new SETI initiative.

  16. A Simulation Study of Four Real-Time Heuristic Algorithms for Multiple Missile Missile Evasion: A Game Theoretic Approach

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-06-01

    DIMENSION ACD (1OO,2) 6 LOGICAL FRIED, FLAGI, FLA62 I INTEQEI CUTIME a COMMON /AMP/ TO,QOSU,ALFAO,CLO,oOJ,L0,G, MRU ,CO1 ,c02,C03, 9 1 RHO,DjEIACLAFUSw,DU1...ARS11c’Ii+TE:TI/jiK11 STDT14G’COSGAM/V1) 56 U 1 =A IAN (AR G 1 ti9 TESTzAoS(THEDTI) YQ IF( TESI GSE. JNRESII) LF1m 91 1 R K 1 1 7 E T *V1 -CvS G AAJ( S IN

  17. Coordinated Research Program in Pulsed Power Physics.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-12-20

    8217). Stale. and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NOS. PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT ELE ME NT NO. NO. NO. No. 11.?ILE.ic.ecufC~sjf~aton 1 c 61102F 2301 A7 12...SYMBOLI lncludr Arra Code) 5" Major B. Smith j202/767-4908 AFOSR/NP FORM 1473. E3 APR EDITION OF I..AN 73 IS OBeCLETE Unclassified SEC A17 C! ww...fields at localized points in pulsed power systems*. In addition, as in previous years, new projects will be added as new ideas are generated. Funds for

  18. The Physical Tourist Physics in Glasgow: A Heritage Tour

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Johnston, Sean F.

    2006-12-01

    I trace the history of the physical and applied sciences, and particularly physics, in Glasgow. Among the notable individuals I discuss are Joseph Black (1728 1799), James Watt (1736 1819), William John Macquorn Rankine (1820 1872), William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824 1907), John Kerr (1824 1907), Frederick Soddy (1877 1956), John Logie Baird (1888 1946), and Ian Donald (1910 1987), as well as physics-related businesses.The locations, centering on the city center and University of Glasgow, include sites both recognizable today and transformed from past usage, as well as museums and archives related to the history and interpretation of physics.

  19. A sudden brightness decrease of the young pre-MS object GM Cep

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Munari, U.; Castellani, F.; Giannini, T.; Antoniucci, S.; Lorenzetti, D.

    2017-11-01

    In the framework of our EXor monitoring programme dubbed EXORCISM (EXOR OptiCal and Infrared Systematic Monitoring - Antoniucci et al. 2013 PPVI, Lorenzetti et al. 2007 ApJ 665, 1182; Lorenzetti et al. 2009 ApJ 693, 1056), we observed a new fading of the optical brightness of the Young Stellar Object (YSO) GM Cep (d=870 pc). This is a well studied variable (Semkov & Peneva 2012 APSS,338,95; Ibryamov et al. 2015 PASA,32,11; Xiao, Kroll, & Henden 2010 AJ, 139, 1527; Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2008 ApJ,673,382-3) whose light-curve is dominated by recurrent brightness dims, interpreted as non-periodical eclipse events due to orbiting dust structures that move along the line of sight (UXor-type variability - Grinin 1988).

  20. An improved method for LCD displays colorimetric characterization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Tong; Xie, Kai; Wang, Qiaojie; He, Nannan; Ye, Yushan

    2018-03-01

    The colorimetric characterization of the display can achieve the purpose of precisely controlling the color of the monitor. This paper describes an improved method for estimating the gamma value of liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) without using a measurement device was described by Xiao et al. It relies on observer's luminance matching by presenting eight half-tone patterns with luminance from 1/9 to 8/9 of the maximum value of each color channel. Since the previous method lacked partial low frequency information, we partially replaced the half-tone patterns. A large number of experiments show that the color difference is reduced from 3.726 to 2.835, and our half-tone pattern can better estimate the visual gamma value of LCDs.

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