Coordination chemistry of 6-thioguanine derivatives with cobalt: toward formation of electrical conductive one-dimensional coordination polymers.

PubMed

Amo-Ochoa, Pilar; Alexandre, Simone S; Hribesh, Samira; Galindo, Miguel A; Castillo, Oscar; Gómez-García, Carlos J; Pike, Andrew R; Soler, José M; Houlton, Andrew; Zamora, Félix; Harrington, Ross W; Clegg, William

2013-05-06

In this work we have synthetized and characterized by X-ray diffraction five cobalt complexes with 6-thioguanine (6-ThioGH), 6-thioguanosine (6-ThioGuoH), or 2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine (2'-d-6-ThioGuoH) ligands. In all cases, these ligands coordinate to cobalt via N7 and S6 forming a chelate ring. However, independently of reagents ratio, 6-ThioGH provided monodimensional cobalt(II) coordination polymers, in which the 6-ThioG(-) acts as bridging ligand. However, for 2'-d-6-ThioGuoH and 6-ThioGuoH, the structure directing effect of the sugar residue gives rise to mononuclear cobalt complexes which form extensive H-bond interactions to generate 3D supramolecular networks. Furthermore, with 2'-d-6-ThioGuoH the cobalt ion remains in the divalent state, whereas with 6-ThioGuoH oxidation occurs and Co(III) is found. The electrical and magnetic properties of the coordination polymers isolated have been studied and the results discussed with the aid of DFT calculations, in the context of molecular wires.

Formally Generating Adaptive Security Protocols

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

User Interfaces for Theorem Provers, 2012. [9] Xiaoming Liu, Christoph Kreitz, Robbert van Renesse, Jason J. Hickey, Mark Hayden, Ken- neth Birman, and...Constable, Mark Hayden, Jason Hickey, Christoph Kreitz, Robbert van Renesse, Ohad Rodeh, and Werner Vogels. The Horus and Ensemble projects: Accom...plishments and limitations. In DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX 2000), pages 149–161, Hilton Head, SC, 2000. IEEE

The Efficacy and Safety of Shen Guo Lao Nian Granule for Common Cold of Qi-Deficiency Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Phase II Clinical Trial

PubMed Central

Fu, Juanjuan; Ding, Hong; Yang, Haimiao; Huang, Yuhong

2017-01-01

Background Common cold is one of the most frequently occurring illnesses in primary healthcare services and represents considerable disease burden. Common cold of Qi-deficiency syndrome (CCQDS) is an important but less addressed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern. We designed a protocol to explore the efficacy, safety, and optimal dose of Shen Guo Lao Nian Granule (SGLNG) for treating CCQDS. Methods/Design This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. A total of 240 eligible patients will be recruited from five centers. Patients are randomly assigned to high-dose group, middle-dose group, low-dose group, or control group in a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio. All drugs are required to be taken 3 times daily for 5 days with a 5-day follow-up period. Primary outcomes are duration of all symptoms, total score reduction on Jackson's scale, and TCM symptoms scale. Secondary outcomes include every single TCM symptom duration and score reduction, TCM main symptoms disappearance rate, curative effects, and comparison between Jackson's scale and TCM symptom scale. Ethics and Trial Registration This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Trials and Biomedicine of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (number IRB-2014-12) and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-15006349). PMID:29430253

Measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine in cerebrospinal fluid by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Weimann, Allan; Simonsen, Anja Hviid; Poulsen, Henrik E

2018-01-15

Increased levels of nucleosides modified by oxidation in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have several times been reported in Alzheimer patients and patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. The focus has especially been on nucleosides containing the 8-hydroxylation of guanine. Only few reports on quantification of the ribonucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine (8oxoGuo) in CSF have been published, whereas more have been published on the quantification of the deoxy-ribonucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8oxodGuo). The reports on the quantification of 8oxodGuo concentrations in CSF report absolute concentrations varying by a factor >10 5 in healthy humans. This could indicate that there is a serious specificity problem in some of the methods. In this paper an isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS method with high specificity and sensitivity for the quantification of 8oxoGuo and 8oxodGuo in CSF is presented. LLOQ for the two analytes is determined to 4pM and 2pM, respectively. The calibration curves has been tested to be linear in the range from 4 to 3,000pM for 8oxoGuo and between 2 and 3,000pM for 8oxodGuo. Using a weighting factor of 1/x the correlation coefficient "r" for both analytes is >0.999. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Banerjee, Surajit; Christov, Plamen P.; Kozekova, Albena

trans-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is the major peroxidation product of {omega}-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo. Michael addition of the N{sub 2}-amino group of dGuo to HNE followed by ring closure of N1 onto the aldehyde results in four diastereomeric 1,N{sub 2}-dGuo (1,N{sub 2}-HNE-dGuo) adducts. The (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct was incorporated into the 18-mer templates 5'-d(TCATXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3' and d(TCACXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3', where X = (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct. These differed in the identity of the template 5'-neighbor base, which was either Thy or Cyt, respectively. Each of these templates was annealed with either a 13-mer primer 5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTC)-3' or a 14-mer primer 5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTCC)-3'. The addition of dNTPsmore » to the 13-mer primer allowed analysis of dNTP insertion opposite to the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct, whereas the 14-mer primer allowed analysis of dNTP extension past a primed (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo:dCyd pair. The Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) belongs to the Y-family of error-prone polymerases. Replication bypass studies in vitro reveal that this polymerase inserted dNTPs opposite the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct in a sequence-specific manner. If the template 5'-neighbor base was dCyt, the polymerase inserted primarily dGTP, whereas if the template 5'-neighbor base was dThy, the polymerase inserted primarily dATP. The latter event would predict low levels of Gua {yields} Thy mutations during replication bypass when the template 5'-neighbor base is dThy. When presented with a primed (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo:dCyd pair, the polymerase conducted full-length primer extension. Structures for ternary (Dpo4-DNA-dNTP) complexes with all four template-primers were obtained. For the 18-mer:13-mer template-primers in which the polymerase was confronted with the (6S,8R,11S)-HNE-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo adduct, the (6S,8R,11S)-1,N{sub 2}-dGuo lesion remained in the ring

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of light intensity on flavonoid production by RNA-seq analysis in Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo

PubMed Central

Chen, Haimei; Guo, Baolin; Liu, Chang

2017-01-01

Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo, a light-demanding shade herb, is used in traditional medicine to increase libido and strengthen muscles and bones. The recognition of the health benefits of Epimedium has increased its market demand. However, its resource recycling rate is low and environmentally dependent. Furthermore, its natural sources are endangered, further increasing prices. Commercial culture can address resource constraints of it.Understanding the effects of environmental factors on the production of its active components would improve the technology for cultivation and germplasm conservation. Here, we studied the effects of light intensities on the flavonoid production and revealed the molecular mechanism using RNA-seq analysis. Plants were exposed to five levels of light intensity through the periods of germination to flowering, the flavonoid contents were measured using HPLC. Quantification of epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin showed that the flavonoid contents varied with different light intensity levels. And the largest amount of epimedin C was produced at light intensity level 4 (I4). Next, the leaves under the treatment of three light intensity levels (“L”, “M” and “H”) with the largest differences in the flavonoid content, were subjected to RNA-seq analysis. Transcriptome reconstruction identified 43,657 unigenes. All unigene sequences were annotated by searching against the Nr, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. In total, 4008, 5260, and 3591 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the groups L vs. M, M vs. H and L vs. H. Particularly, twenty-one full-length genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified. The expression levels of the flavonol synthase, chalcone synthase genes were strongly associated with light-induced flavonoid abundance with the highest expression levels found in the H group. Furthermore, 65 transcription factors

Bibliography of Literature on China’s Glaciers and Permafrost. Part I. 1938-1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

The Quaternary Period Glaciers of China. Kexue Chubanshe, 1975. Li Chengsan and Guo Lingzhi : Glacier topography at Kangding-bianfu. Dizhi Lunping...Vol. 4, No. 1, 1939. Li Chengsan and Gao Yongyuan: Glacier topography in the Daba Shan at Guangyuan. Dili, Vol. 2, Nos. 1-2, 1942. Guo Lingzhi ...Mountains region. Zhongguo Disiji Yanjiu, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1958. Guo Lingzhi and Xue Yuqun: A discussion of the relationship of the Fen River and the

Development and validation of a 2nd tier test for identification of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency patients during expanded newborn screening by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

la Marca, Giancarlo; Giocaliere, Elisa; Malvagia, Sabrina; Villanelli, Fabio; Funghini, Silvia; Ombrone, Daniela; Della Bona, Maria; Forni, Giulia; Canessa, Clementina; Ricci, Silvia; Romano, Francesca; Guerrini, Renzo; Resti, Massimo; Azzari, Chiara

2016-04-01

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency has been recently introduced in the newborn screening program in Tuscany. In order to improve the PNP screening efficiency, we developed a 2nd tier test to quantify PNP primary markers deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and deoxyinosine (dIno). Dried blood spots (DBS) samples were extracted with 200 μL of methanol and 100 μL of water (by two steps). Internal standards were added at a final concentration of 10 μmol/L. After extraction, samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The chromatographic run was performed in gradient mode by using a Synergi Fusion column. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 0.05-50 μmol/L (R2>0.999) for dGuo and 0.5-50 μmol/L (R2>0.998) for dIno. Intra- and interassay imprecision (mean CVs) for dIno and dGuo ranged from 2.9% to 12%. Limit of quantitaion (LOQ) were found to be 0.05 μmol/L and 0.5 μmol/L for dGuo and dIno, respectively. The reference ranges, obtained by measuring dGuo and dIno concentrations on DBS, were close to zero for both biomarkers. Moreover, DBS samples from seven patients with confirmed PNP were retrospectively evaluated and correctly identified. The LC-MS/MS method can reliably measure dIno and dGuo in DBS for the diagnosis of PNP. Validation data confirm the present method is characterised by good reproducibility, accuracy and imprecision for the quantitation of dIno and dGuo. The assay also appears suitable for use in monitoring treatment of PNP patients.

Urinary biomarkers of exposure and of oxidative damage in children exposed to low airborne concentrations of benzene.

PubMed

Andreoli, R; Spatari, G; Pigini, D; Poli, D; Banda, I; Goldoni, M; Riccelli, M G; Petyx, M; Protano, C; Vitali, M; Barbaro, M; Mutti, A

2015-10-01

The aim of this work was to evaluate the oxidative damage to nucleic acids in children (5-11 years) associated with exposure to environmental pollutants and tobacco smoke (ETS). For each subject, urinary sampling was done twice (evening and next morning) to measure by tandem LC-MS-MS such oxidated products of nucleic acids as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua). Methyl tert-butyl ether (U-MTBE), benzene (U-Benz), and its metabolites (t,t-muconic and S-phenylmercapturic acids, t,t-MA and S-PMA, respectively) were determined as biomarkers of exposure to air pollution, and cotinine as a biomarker of exposure to ETS. Biomarkers of exposure (S-PMA and U-MTBE) and of DNA oxidation (8-oxodGuo) were dependent on the urbanization and industrialization levels and increased in the evening sample as compared to next morning (p<0.05). In both evening and next morning samples, 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGuo correlated with each other (r=0.596 and r=0.537, respectively, p<0.01) and with biomarkers of benzene exposure, particularly S-PMA (r=0.59 and r=0.45 for 8-oxodGuo and r=0.411 and r=0.383 for 8-oxoGuo, p<0.01). No such correlations were observed for U-MTBE and cotinine. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that 8-oxodGuo was positively associated with S-PMA at both sampling times (β=0.18 and β=0.14 for evening and next morning sampling, respectively; p<0.02) and weakly with U-MTBE (β=0.07, p=0.020) only in the evening urines. These results suggest that the selected biomarkers of exposure to benzene, particularly S-PMA, are good tracers of exposure to complex mixtures of oxidative pollutants and that the associated oxidative damage to nucleic acids is detectable even at very low levels of exposure. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations in various human body fluids: implications for their measurement and interpretation.

PubMed

Hu, Chiung-Wen; Cooke, Marcus S; Tsai, Yi-Hung; Chao, Mu-Rong

2015-02-01

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) is the most investigated product of oxidatively damaged DNA lesion that has been associated with the development of aging, cancer and some degenerative diseases. Here, we present the first liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method that enables the simultaneous measurement of its repair products in plasma and saliva, namely 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) and 8-oxodGuo. Using this method, we investigated the underlying transport mechanism of the repair products of oxidatively damaged DNA between cellular compartments and biological matrices. Plasma, saliva and urine samples were collected concurrently from 57 healthy subjects. Various deproteinization methods were evaluated, and the precipitants acetonitrile and sodium hydroxide-methanol were, respectively, selected for plasma and saliva samples due to their effect on recovery efficiencies and chromatography. The mean baseline concentrations of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodGuo in plasma were demonstrated to be 0.21 and 0.016 ng/mL, respectively, while in saliva they were 0.85 and 0.010 ng/mL, respectively. A relatively high concentration of 8-oxoGua was found in saliva with a concentration factor (CF, concentration ratio of saliva to plasma) of 4 as compared to that of 8-oxodGuo (CF: 0.6), implying that 8-oxoGua in plasma may be actively transported to saliva, whereas 8-oxodGuo was most dependent on a passive diffusion. Good correlations between urine and plasma concentrations were observed for 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodGuo, suggesting that blood was a suitable matrix in addition to urine. Significant correlation between 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodGuo in urine was only observed when the concentrations were not corrected for urinary creatinine, raising the issue of applicability of urinary creatinine to adjust 8-oxoGua concentrations.

Oxidatively damaged guanosine in white blood cells and in urine of welders: associations with exposure to welding fumes and body iron stores.

PubMed

Pesch, Beate; Lotz, Anne; Koch, Holger M; Marczynski, Boleslaw; Casjens, Swaantje; Käfferlein, Heiko U; Welge, Peter; Lehnert, Martin; Heinze, Evelyn; Van Gelder, Rainer; Hahn, Jens-Uwe; Behrens, Thomas; Raulf, Monika; Hartwig, Andrea; Weiss, Tobias; Brüning, Thomas

2015-08-01

The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers the carcinogenicity of welding fume of priority for re-evaluation. Genotoxic effects in experimental animals are still inconclusive. Here, we investigated the association of personal exposure to metals in respirable welding fumes during a working shift with oxidatively damaged guanosine in DNA of white blood cells (WBC) and in postshift urine samples from 238 welders. Medians of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) were 2.35/10(6) dGuo in DNA of WBC and 4.33 µg/g creatinine in urine. The median of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) was 7.03 µg/g creatinine in urine. The extent of both urinary parameters was higher in welders applying techniques with high particle emission rates to stainless steel than in tungsten inert gas welders (8-oxodGuo: 9.96 vs. 4.49 µg/L, 8-oxoGuo: 15.7 vs. 7.7 µg/L), but this apparent difference diminished after creatinine adjustment. We applied random intercept models to estimate the influence of airborne and systemic exposure to metals on oxidatively damaged guanosine in WBC and urine together with covariates. We observed a highly significant nonlinear association of urinary 8-oxoGuo with serum ferritin (P < 0.0001) and higher 8-oxoGuo concentrations for respirable iron >1,000 µg/m(3) compared to ≤57 µg/m(3). Similar effects were found for manganese. Airborne chromium but not nickel was associated with all oxidatively modified guanosine measures, whereas urinary chromium as well as nickel showed associations with urinary modified guanosines. In summary, oxidatively damaged urinary guanosine was associated with airborne and systemic exposure to metals in welders and showed a strong relation to body iron stores.

Elevated Levels of Urinary Markers of Oxidative DNA and RNA Damage in Type 2 Diabetes with Complications.

PubMed

Liu, Xinle; Gan, Wei; Zou, Yuangao; Yang, Bin; Su, Zhenzhen; Deng, Jin; Wang, Lanlan; Cai, Jianping

2016-01-01

The mechanisms underlying progression of type 2 diabetes are complex and varied. Recent studies indicated that oxidative stress provided a new sight. To further assess the relationship between nucleic acid oxidation and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and explore its possible molecular mechanisms, we studied 1316 subjects, including 633 type 2 diabetes patients and 683 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Urinary levels of DNA oxidation marker 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) and RNA oxidation marker 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Serum glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were also determined. The results showed significantly elevated levels of both the urinary 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGuo in diabetes patients with/without complications compared with age-matched healthy control subjects (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, resp.). Patients with complications, especially macrovascular complications, exhibited higher levels of 8-oxoGuo than those without complications, while there was no difference in the concentrations of serum glucose and lipids. The finding indicates the role for oxidative damage to DNA and RNA, as a molecular mechanism contributing to the progression of type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of 8-oxoGuo may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes complications, especially in diabetic macrovascular complications.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Juhui; School of Computatioal Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722; Lee, Soojoon

Extending the eavesdropping strategy devised by Zhang, Li, and Guo [Zhang, Li, and Guo, Phys. Rev. A 63, 036301 (2001)], we show that the multiparty quantum communication protocol based on entanglement swapping, which was proposed by Cabello (e-print quant-ph/0009025), is not secure. We modify the protocol so that entanglement swapping can secure multiparty quantum communication, such as multiparty quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing of classical information, and show that the modified protocol is secure against the Zhang-Li-Guo strategy for eavesdropping as well as the basic intercept-resend attack.0.

An Evaluation of Item Response Theory Classification Accuracy and Consistency Indices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyse, Adam E.; Hao, Shiqi

2012-01-01

This article introduces two new classification consistency indices that can be used when item response theory (IRT) models have been applied. The new indices are shown to be related to Rudner's classification accuracy index and Guo's classification accuracy index. The Rudner- and Guo-based classification accuracy and consistency indices are…

Lipocalin 2: a "sexy" adipokine that regulates 17Beta-estradiol and obesity

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In this article we review the findings of Guo et. al. (Endocrinology, 153: 1183-1193) that the protein, Lipocalin 2 is more highly expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in gondal tissue of female mice. Of particular interest is that the paper by Guo et. al. observed that ablation of the Lip...

Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and Glutamatergic System Are the Target of Guanosine Effect in Traumatic Brain Injury.

PubMed

Dobrachinski, Fernando; da Rosa Gerbatin, Rogério; Sartori, Gláubia; Ferreira Marques, Naiani; Zemolin, Ana Paula; Almeida Silva, Luiz Fernando; Franco, Jeferson Luis; Freire Royes, Luiz Fernando; Rechia Fighera, Michele; Antunes Soares, Félix Alexandre

2017-04-01

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly complex multi-factorial disorder. Experimental trauma involves primary and secondary injury cascades that underlie delayed neuronal dysfunction and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamatergic excitotoxicity are the hallmark mechanisms of damage. Accordingly, a successful pharmacological intervention requires a multi-faceted approach. Guanosine (GUO) is known for its neuromodulator effects in various models of brain pathology, specifically those that involve the glutamatergic system. The aim of the study was to investigate the GUO effects against mitochondrial damage in hippocampus and cortex of rats subjected to TBI, as well as the relationship of this effect with the glutamatergic system. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a unilateral moderate fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) and treated 15 min later with GUO (7.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline 0.9%). Analyses were performed in hippocampus and cortex 3 h post-trauma and revealed significant mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by a disrupted membrane potential, unbalanced redox system, decreased mitochondrial viability, and complex I inhibition. Further, disruption of Ca 2+ homeostasis and increased mitochondrial swelling was also noted. Our results showed that mitochondrial dysfunction contributed to decreased glutamate uptake and levels of glial glutamate transporters (glutamate transporter 1 and glutamate aspartate transporter), which leads to excitotoxicity. GUO treatment ameliorated mitochondrial damage and glutamatergic dyshomeostasis. Thus, GUO might provide a new efficacious strategy for the treatment acute physiological alterations secondary to TBI.

Piezoelectric Resonance Defined High Performance Sensors and Modulators

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-30

Lopez-Ribot, Amar S. Bhalla, Melissa Montes, Ruyan Guo. Properties of Silver and Copper Nanoparticle Containing Aqueous Suspensions and Evaluation of...Amar S. Bhalla, Ruyan Guo, “Properties of Silver and Copper Nanoparticle - Containing Aqueous Solutions and Their Anti-Biofilm Effects," (2015)Symposium...Properties of Silver and Copper Nanoparticle -Containing AqueousSolutions and Evaluation of their In Vitro Activity againstCandida albicans and

On the scatter in the relation between stellar mass and halo mass: random or halo formation time dependent?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Lan; De Lucia, Gabriella; Weinmann, Simone M.

2013-05-01

The empirical traditional halo occupation distribution (HOD) model of Wang et al. fits, by construction, both the stellar mass function and correlation function of galaxies in the local Universe. In contrast, the semi-analytical models of De Lucia & Blazoit (hereafter DLB07) and Guo et al. (hereafter Guo11), built on the same dark matter halo merger trees than the empirical model, still have difficulties in reproducing these observational data simultaneously. We compare the relations between the stellar mass of galaxies and their host halo mass in the three models, and find that they are different. When the relations are rescaled to have the same median values and the same scatter as in Wang et al., the rescaled DLB07 model can fit both the measured galaxy stellar mass function and the correlation function measured in different galaxy stellar mass bins. In contrast, the rescaled Guo11 model still overpredicts the clustering of low-mass galaxies. This indicates that the detail of how galaxies populate the scatter in the stellar mass-halo mass relation does play an important role in determining the correlation functions of galaxies. While the stellar mass of galaxies in the Wang et al. model depends only on halo mass and is randomly distributed within the scatter, galaxy stellar mass depends also on the halo formation time in semi-analytical models. At fixed value of infall mass, galaxies that lie above the median stellar mass-halo mass relation reside in haloes that formed earlier, while galaxies that lie below the median relation reside in haloes that formed later. This effect is much stronger in Guo11 than in DLB07, which explains the overclustering of low mass galaxies in Guo11. Assembly bias in Guo11 model might be overly strong. Nevertheless, in case that a significant assembly bias indeed exists in the real Universe, one needs to use caution when applying current HOD and abundance matching models that employ the assumption of random scatter in the relation

Extracellular guanosine and GTP promote expression of differentiation markers and induce S-phase cell-cycle arrest in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

PubMed

Guarnieri, S; Pilla, R; Morabito, C; Sacchetti, S; Mancinelli, R; Fanò, G; Mariggiò, M A

2009-04-01

SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, a model for studying neuronal differentiation, are able to differentiate into either cholinergic or dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotypes depending on media conditions. Using this system, we asked whether guanosine (Guo) or guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) are able to drive differentiation towards one particular phenotype. Differentiation was determined by evaluating the frequency of cells bearing neurites and assessing neurite length after exposure to different concentrations of Guo or GTP for different durations. After 6 days, 0.3 mM Guo or GTP induced a significant increase in the number of cells bearing neurites and increased neurite length. Western blot analyses confirmed that purines induced differentiation; cells exposed to purines showed increases in the levels of GAP43, MAP2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Proliferation assays and cytofluorimetric analyses indicated a significant anti-proliferative effect of purines, and a concentration-dependent accumulation of cells in S-phase, starting after 24 h of purine exposure and extending for up to 6 days. A transcriptional profile analysis using gene arrays showed that an up-regulation of cyclin E2/cdk2 evident after 24 h was responsible for S-phase entry, and a concurrent down-regulation of cell-cycle progression-promoting cyclin B1/B2 prevented S-phase exit. In addition, patch-clamp recordings revealed that 0.3 mM Guo or GTP, after 6 day incubation, significantly decreased Na(+) currents. In conclusion, we showed Guo- and GTP-induced cell-cycle arrest in neuroblastoma cells and suggest that this makes these cells more responsive to differentiation processes that favor the dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotype.

Highly sensitive sites for guanine-O6 ethylation in rat brain DNA exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo.

PubMed Central

Nehls, P; Rajewsky, M F; Spiess, E; Werner, D

1984-01-01

Brain chromosomal DNA isolated from fetal BDIX-rats 1 h after i.v. administration of the ethylating N-nitroso carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (75 micrograms/g body weight), statistically contained one molecule of O6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) per 81 micron of DNA, as determined in enzymatic DNA hydrolysates by competitive radio-immunoassay using a high-affinity anti-(O6-EtdGuo) monoclonal antibody (ER-6). After fragmentation of the DNA by the restriction enzyme AluI (average fragment length, Lav = 0.28 micron = 970 bp; length range, Lr = 1.87-0.02 micron = 6540 - 60 bp), a small (approximately 2%) fraction of DNA enriched in specific polypeptides tightly associated with DNA was separated from the bulk DNA by a glass fiber binding technique. As analyzed by immune electron microscopy, approximately 1% of the DNA molecules in this fraction contained clusters of 2-10 (O6-EtdGuo)-antibody binding sites (ABS). On the cluster-bearing fragments (Lav, 0.85 micron +/- 0.50 micron S.D.; corresponding to 2970 +/- 1760 bp) the average ABS-ABS interspace distance was 110 nm (= 390 bp; range approximately 9-600 nm), indicating a highly non-random distribution of O6-EtdGuo in target cell DNA. Images Fig. 2. PMID:6370677

Problem of quantifying quantum correlations with non-commutative discord

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majtey, A. P.; Bussandri, D. G.; Osán, T. M.; Lamberti, P. W.; Valdés-Hernández, A.

2017-09-01

In this work we analyze a non-commutativity measure of quantum correlations recently proposed by Guo (Sci Rep 6:25241, 2016). By resorting to a systematic survey of a two-qubit system, we detected an undesirable behavior of such a measure related to its representation-dependence. In the case of pure states, this dependence manifests as a non-satisfactory entanglement measure whenever a representation other than the Schmidt's is used. In order to avoid this basis-dependence feature, we argue that a minimization procedure over the set of all possible representations of the quantum state is required. In the case of pure states, this minimization can be analytically performed and the optimal basis turns out to be that of Schmidt's. In addition, the resulting measure inherits the main properties of Guo's measure and, unlike the latter, it reduces to a legitimate entanglement measure in the case of pure states. Some examples involving general mixed states are also analyzed considering such an optimization. The results show that, in most cases of interest, the use of Guo's measure can result in an overestimation of quantum correlations. However, since Guo's measure has the advantage of being easily computable, it might be used as a qualitative estimator of the presence of quantum correlations.

Excited-State Dynamics in 6-THIOGUANOSINE from Femtosecond to Microsecond Time Scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Cao; Reichardt, Christian; Crespo-Hernández, Carlos E.

2011-06-01

6-thioguanine is a widely used pro-drug in which the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group of guanine is replaced by a sulfur atom. Previous studies have shown that patients treated with 6-thioguanine can metabolize and incorporate it in DNA as 6-thioguanosine (6tGuo). These patients show a high incidence of skin cancer when they are exposed to extended periods of sunlight irradiation. In this work, the photodynamics of 6tGuo is investigated by broad band time resolved transient spectroscopy. Similar to previously studied 4-thiothymidine, our results show that excitation of 6tGuo with UVA light at 340 nm results in efficient and ultrafast intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold (τ = 0.31±0.05 ps) and a high triplet quantum yield (φ = 0.8±0.2). The triplet state has a lifetime of 720±10 ns in N2-saturated vs. 460±10 ns in air-saturated aqueous solution. In addition, a minor picosecond deactivation channel (80±15 ps) is observed, which is tentatively assigned to internal conversion from the lowest-energy excited singlet state to the ground state. Quantum chemical calculations support the proposed kinetic model. Based on the high triplet quantum yield measured, it is proposed that the phototoxicity of 6tGuo is due to its ability to photosensitized singlet oxygen, which can result in oxidative damage to DNA. P. O'Donovan, C. M. Perrett, X. Zhang, B. Montaner, Y.-Z. Xu, C. A. Harwood, J. M. McGregor, S. L. Walker, F. Hanaoka, P. Karran, Science 309, 1871 (2005). C. Reichardt, C. Guo, C. E. Crespo-Hernández, J. Phys. Chem. B. in press (2011). C. Reichardt, C. E. Crespo-Hernández, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2239 (2010) C. Reichardt, C. E. Crespo-Hernández, Chem. Comm. 46, 5963 (2010).

Depletion of suppressor T cells by 2'-deoxyguanosine abrogates tolerance in mice fed ovalbumin and permits the induction of intestinal delayed-type hypersensitivity.

PubMed Central

Mowat, A M

1986-01-01

We have re-examined the role of suppressor T cells (Ts) in regulating immune responses to fed proteins by investigating the effect of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) on systemic and intestinal immunity in mice fed ovalbumin (OVA). Administration of dGuo for 10 days abrogated the suppression of systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody responses normally found after feeding OVA, and also prevented the generation of OVA-specific Ts. In parallel, mice given dGuo and fed OVA developed sensitization to OVA in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) after oral challenge with OVA and had increased intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts and crypt cell production rates (CCPR) in the jejunal mucosa, indicating the presence of a local DTH response. These findings confirm the importance of Ts in preventing hypersensitivity to dietary protein antigens and suggest that enteropathies associated with food hypersensitivity are due to a defect in Ts activity. PMID:2940171

Clarithromycin, trimethoprim, and penicillin and oxidative nucleic acid modifications in humans: randomised, controlled trials.

PubMed

Larsen, Emil List; Cejvanovic, Vanja; Kjaer, Laura Kofoed; Pedersen, Morten Thorup; Popik, Sara Daugaard; Hansen, Lina Kallehave; Andersen, Jon Traerup; Jimenez-Solem, Espen; Broedbaek, Kasper; Petersen, Morten; Weimann, Allan; Henriksen, Trine; Lykkesfeldt, Jens; Torp-Pedersen, Christian; Poulsen, Henrik Enghusen

2017-08-01

In vitro studies have demonstrated that formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the effect of bactericidal antibiotics. The formation of ROS is not restricted to bacteria, but also occurs in mammalian cells. Oxidative stress is linked to several diseases. This study investigates whether antibiotic drugs induce oxidative stress in healthy humans as a possible mechanism for adverse reactions to the antibiotic drugs. This study contains information from two randomised, controlled trials. Participants underwent 1 week treatment with clarithromycin, trimethoprim, phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), or placebo. Oxidative modifications were measured as 24-h urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), and plasma levels of malondialdehyde before and after treatment as a measurement of DNA oxidation, RNA oxidation, and lipid peroxidation, respectively. Clarithromycin significantly increased urinary excretion of 8-oxodG by 22.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6-40.4%) and 8-oxoGuo by 14.9% (95% CI: 3.7-26.1%). Further, we demonstrated that trimethoprim significantly lowered urinary excretion of 8-oxodG by 21.7% (95% CI: 5.8-37.6%), but did not influence urinary excretion of 8-oxoGuo. Penicillin V did not influence urinary excretion of 8-oxodG or 8-oxoGuo. None of the antibiotic drugs influenced plasma levels of malondialdehyde. Clarithromycin significantly increases oxidative nucleic acid modifications. Increased oxidative modifications might explain some of clarithromycin's known adverse reactions. Trimethoprim significantly lowers DNA oxidation but not RNA oxidation. Penicillin V had no effect on oxidative nucleic acid modifications. © 2017 The British Pharmacological Society.

Orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weiguo; Qin, Yinghao; Zhao, Yan; Guo, Boling

In this paper, we consider the Kundu equation which is not a standard Hamiltonian system. The abstract orbital stability theory proposed by Grillakis et al. (1987, 1990) cannot be applied directly to study orbital stability of solitary waves for this equation. Motivated by the idea of Guo and Wu (1995), we construct three invariants of motion and use detailed spectral analysis to obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation. Since Kundu equation is more complex than the derivative Schrödinger equation, we utilize some techniques to overcome some difficulties in this paper. It should be pointed out that the results obtained in this paper are more general than those obtained by Guo and Wu (1995). We present a sufficient condition under which solitary waves are orbitally stable for 2c+sυ<0, while Guo and Wu (1995) only considered the case 2c+sυ>0. We obtain the results on orbital stability of solitary waves for the derivative Schrödinger equation given by Colin and Ohta (2006) as a corollary in this paper. Furthermore, we obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Chen-Lee-Lin equation and Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, respectively.

Sperm DNA oxidative damage and DNA adducts

PubMed Central

Jeng, Hueiwang Anna; Pan, Chih-Hong; Chao, Mu-Rong; Lin, Wen-Yi

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate DNA damage and adducts in sperm from coke oven workers who have been exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A longitudinal study was conducted with repeated measurements during spermatogenesis. Coke-oven workers (n=112) from a coke-oven plant served the PAH-exposed group, while administrators and security personnel (n=67) served the control. Routine semen parameters (concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) were analyzed simultaneously; the assessment of sperm DNA integrity endpoints included DNA fragmentation, bulky DNA adducts, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). The degree of sperm DNA fragmentation was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The PAH-exposed group had a significant increase in bulky DNA adducts and 8-oxo-dGuo compared to the control subjects (Ps = 0.002 and 0.045, respectively). Coke oven workers' percentages of DNA fragmentation and denaturation from the PAH-exposed group were not significantly different from those of the control subjects (Ps = 0.232 and 0.245, respectively). Routine semen parameters and DNA integrity endpoints were not correlated. Concentrations of 8-oxo-dGuo were positively correlated with percentages of DNA fragmentation measured by both TUNEL and SCSA (Ps = 0.045 and 0.034, respectively). However, the concentrations of 8-oxo-dGuo and percentages of DNA fragmentation did not correlate with concentrations of bulky DNA adducts. In summary, coke oven workers with chronic exposure to PAHs experienced decreased sperm DNA integrity. Oxidative stress could contribute to the degree of DNA fragmentation. Bulky DNA adducts may be independent of the formation of DNA fragmentation and oxidative adducts in sperm. Monitoring sperm DNA integrity is recommended as a part of the process of assessing the impact of occupational and environmental toxins on

Well-posedness and decay for the dissipative system modeling electro-hydrodynamics in negative Besov spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jihong; Liu, Qiao

2017-07-01

In Guo and Wang (2012) [10], Y. Guo and Y. Wang developed a general new energy method for proving the optimal time decay rates of the solutions to dissipative equations. In this paper, we generalize this method in the framework of homogeneous Besov spaces. Moreover, we apply this method to a model arising from electro-hydrodynamics, which is a strongly coupled system of the Navier-Stokes equations and the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations through charge transport and external forcing terms. We show that some weighted negative Besov norms of solutions are preserved along time evolution, and obtain the optimal time decay rates of the higher-order spatial derivatives of solutions by the Fourier splitting approach and the interpolation techniques.

Fixed-point theorems for families of weakly non-expansive maps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mai, Jie-Hua; Liu, Xin-He

2007-10-01

In this paper, we present some fixed-point theorems for families of weakly non-expansive maps under some relatively weaker and more general conditions. Our results generalize and improve several results due to Jungck [G. Jungck, Fixed points via a generalized local commutativity, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 25 (8) (2001) 497-507], Jachymski [J. Jachymski, A generalization of the theorem by Rhoades and Watson for contractive type mappings, Math. Japon. 38 (6) (1993) 1095-1102], Guo [C. Guo, An extension of fixed point theorem of Krasnoselski, Chinese J. Math. (P.O.C.) 21 (1) (1993) 13-20], Rhoades [B.E. Rhoades, A comparison of various definitions of contractive mappings, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 226 (1977) 257-290], and others.

The COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide suppresses superoxide and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation, and stimulates apoptosis in mucosa during early colonic inflammation in rats.

PubMed

Tardieu, D; Jaeg, J P; Deloly, A; Corpet, D E; Cadet, J; Petit, C R

2000-05-01

As we have shown previously [Tardieu,D., Jaeg,J.P., Cadet,J., Embvani,E., Corpet,D.E. and Petit,C. (1998) Cancer Lett, 134, 1-5], a 48-h treatment of 6% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in drinking water led to a reproducible 2-fold increase of the mutagenic oxidative lesion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) in colonic mucosa DNA of rats in vivo. The aim of this study was to test the effect of nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, on the DSS-induced 8-oxodGuo increase. We show that nimesulide when administered orally, simultaneously with DSS at 5 mg/kg/day, not only totally prevents 8-oxodGuo formation but also suppresses the 5-fold increase of superoxide induced by DSS in the colonic mucosa. This was measured by in vivo formazan blue precipitation (P < 0.01 in the Wilcoxon test). Moreover, nimesulide enhances apoptosis by approximately 30% as compared with the already high level induced by DSS treatment (P < 0.01). It is suggested that the significant increase in mutagenic oxidative DNA damage, produced by mild acute colonic inflammation, could be important in the initiation of colon cancer in both animals and man. These effects may explain at least partly the well-documented protective action towards colon cancer by preferential COX-2 inhibitors, either xenobiotics such as nimesulide or natural nutrients.

76 FR 11798 - National Center for Research Resources; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... Blvd., 1064, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874 (Telephone Conference Call). Contact Person: Guo Zhang, PhD... Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Dem. 1, Room 1064, MSC 4874, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, 301-435-0812, zhanggu...

Resolving the problem of galaxy clustering on small scales: any new physics needed?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, X.

2014-02-01

Galaxy clustering sets strong constraints on the physics governing galaxy formation and evolution. However, most current models fail to reproduce the clustering of low-mass galaxies on small scales (r < 1 Mpc h-1). In this paper, we study the galaxy clusterings predicted from a few semi-analytical models. We first compare two Munich versions, Guo et al. and De Lucia & Blaizot. The Guo11 model well reproduces the galaxy stellar mass function, but overpredicts the clustering of low-mass galaxies on small scales. The DLB07 model provides a better fit to the clustering on small scales, but overpredicts the stellar mass function. These seem to be puzzling. The clustering on small scales is dominated by galaxies in the same dark matter halo, and there is slightly more fraction of satellite galaxies residing in massive haloes in the Guo11 model, which is the dominant contribution to the clustering discrepancy between the two models. However, both models still overpredict the clustering at 0.1 < r < 10 Mpc h-1 for low-mass galaxies. This is because both models overpredict the number of satellites by 30 per cent in massive haloes than the data. We show that the Guo11 model could be slightly modified to simultaneously fit the stellar mass function and clusterings, but that cannot be easily achieved in the DLB07 model. The better agreement of DLB07 model with the data actually comes as a coincidence as it predicts too many low-mass central galaxies which are less clustered and thus brings down the total clustering. Finally, we show the predictions from the semi-analytical models of Kang et al. We find that this model can simultaneously fit the stellar mass function and galaxy clustering if the supernova feedback in satellite galaxies is stronger. We conclude that semi-analytical models are now able to solve the small-scales clustering problem, without invoking of any other new physics or changing the dark matter properties, such as the recent favoured warm dark matter.

Different mechanisms for the photoinduced production of oxidative DNA damage by fluoroquinolones differing in photostability.

PubMed

Spratt, T E; Schultz, S S; Levy, D E; Chen, D; Schlüter, G; Williams, G M

1999-09-01

Several fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents exhibit an adverse phototoxic effect in humans and are photo-cocarcinogenic in mice. The UV-induced production of reactive oxygen species plays a role in the toxicity and may be involved in carcinogenicity. Four fluoroquinolones were examined for the ability to photochemically produce oxidative damage in naked DNA. The major structural difference in the fluoroquinolones that would have an effect on their photostability is the functionality at the 8-position. At this position, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazbicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6, 8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (BAY y3118) contains a chlorine atom, lomefloxacin a fluorine atom, ciprofloxacin a proton, and moxifloxacin a methoxy group. The formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) in calf thymus DNA was assessed by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and strand breaks were measured in pBR322 with agarose gel electrophoresis. The relative photolability of the fluoroquinolones correlated to the extent of production of 8-oxodGuo and strand breaks, with both UVA and UVB irradiation, in the following order: BAY y3118 approximately lomefloxacin > ciprofloxacin > moxifloxacin. Experiments were performed to determine whether the mechanism of damage was due to a type I (radical) or type II (singlet oxygen) pathway. Nitrogen depletion of oxygen resulted in a decrease in the extent of formation of 8-oxodGuo, suggesting that oxygen was involved. The use of selective radical or singlet oxygen inhibitors was inconclusive with respect to which pathway was involved. The use of D(2)O as a solvent, which would extend the lifetime of singlet oxygen, suggested that this species is involved in the formation of 8-oxodGuo by moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin, but not by lomefloxacin and BAY y3118. Similarly, it was found that singlet oxygen was not involved in strand break formation. Thus, the evidence suggests that fluoroquinolones can photochemically

Sweeteners - sugar substitutes

MedlinePlus

... Sun Crystals) Non-nutritive sweetener. Made from the plant Stevia rebaudiana , which is grown for its sweet ... Monk Fruit (Luo Han Guo) Non-nutritive sweetener Plant-based extract of monk fruit, a round green ...

Reduced repair capacity of a DNA clustered damage site comprised of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 2-deoxyribonolactone results in an increased mutagenic potential of these lesions

DOE PAGES

Cunniffe, Siobhan; O’Neill, Peter; Greenberg, Marc M.; ...

2014-04-01

A signature of ionizing radiation is the induction of DNA clustered damaged sites. Non-double strand break (DSB) clustered damage has been shown to compromise the base excision repair pathway, extending the lifetimes of the lesions within the cluster, compared to isolated lesions. This increases the likelihood the lesions persist to replication and thus increasing the mutagenic potential of the lesions within the cluster. Lesions formed by ionizing radiation include 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) and 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL). dL poses an additional challenge to the cell as it is not repaired by the short-patch base excision repair pathway. Here we show recalcitrant dL repairmore » is reflected in mutations observed when DNA containing it and a proximal 8-oxodGuo is replicated in Escherichia coli. 8-oxodGuo in close proximity to dL on the opposing DNA strand results in an enhanced frequency of mutation of the lesions within the cluster and a 20 base sequence flanking the clustered damage site in an E. coli based plasmid assay. In vitro repair of a dL lesion is reduced when compared to the repair of an abasic (AP) site and a tetrahydrofuran (THF), and this is due mainly to a reduction in the activity of polymerase β, leading to retarded FEN1 and ligase 1 activities. This study has given insights in to the biological effects of clusters containing dL.« less

Reforming the American Military Officer Personnel System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-02

Lamping Lewis, Henry Leonard, Julia Pollak, Christopher Guo and Bernard Rostker, Tour Lengths, Permanent Changes of Station, and Alternatives for...Raymond E. Conley, Stephanie Young, William A. Williams, Jeffrey Engstrom, Barbara Bicksler, Sara Beth Elson, Joseph Jenkins , Lianne Kennedy

Travel time reliability modeling.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

This report includes three papers as follows: : 1. Guo F., Rakha H., and Park S. (2010), "A Multi-state Travel Time Reliability Model," : Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, n 2188, : pp. 46-54. : 2. Park S.,...

VizieR Online Data Catalog: GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Y.; Ferguson, H. C.; Giavalisco, M.; Barro, G.; Willner, S. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Dahlen, T.; Donley, J. L.; Faber, S. M.; Fontana, A.; Galametz, A.; Grazian, A.; Huang, K.-H.; Kocevski, D. D.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Koo, D. C.; McGrath, E. J.; Peth, M.; Salvato, M.; Wuyts, S.; Castellano, M.; Cooray, A. R.; Dickinson, M. E.; Dunlop, J. S.; Fazio, G. G.; Gardner, J. P.; Gawiser, E.; Grogin, N. A.; Hathi, N. P.; Hsu, L.-T.; Lee, K.-S.; Lucas, R. A.; Mobasher, B.; Nandra, K.; Newman, J. A.; van der Wel, A.

2014-04-01

The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS; Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G; Koekemoer et al. 2011ApJS..197...36K) is designed to document galaxy formation and evolution over the redshift range of z=1.5-8. The core of CANDELS is to use the revolutionary near-infrared HST/WFC3 camera, installed on HST in 2009 May, to obtain deep imaging of faint and faraway objects. The GOODS-S field, centered at RAJ2000=03:32:30 and DEJ2000=-27:48:20 and located within the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS; Giacconi et al. 2002, Cat. J/ApJS/139/369), is a sky region of about 170arcmin2 which has been targeted for some of the deepest observations ever taken by NASA's Great Observatories, HST, Spitzer, and Chandra as well as by other world-class telescopes. The field has been (among others) imaged in the optical wavelength with HST/ACS in F435W, F606W, F775W, and F850LP bands as part of the HST Treasury Program: the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS; Giavalisco et al. 2004, Cat. II/261); in the mid-IR (3.6-24um) wavelength with Spitzer as part of the GOODS Spitzer Legacy Program (PI: M. Dickinson). The CDF-S/GOODS field was observed by the MOSAIC II imager on the CTIO 4m Blanco telescope to obtain deep U-band observations in 2001 September. Another U-band survey in GOODS-S was carried out using the VIMOS instrument mounted at the Melipal Unit Telescope of the VLT at ESO's Cerro Paranal Observatory, Chile. This large program of ESO (168.A-0485; PI: C. Cesarsky) was obtained in service mode observations in UT3 between 2004 August and fall 2006. In the ground-based NIR, imaging observations of the CDFS were carried out in J, H, Ks bands using the ISAAC instrument mounted at the Antu Unit Telescope of the VLT. Data were obtained as part of the ESO Large Programme 168.A-0485 (PI: C. Cesarsky) as well as ESO Programmes 64.O-0643, 66.A-0572, and 68.A-0544 (PI: E. Giallongo) with a total allocation time of ~500 hr from 1999 October to 2007 January. The CANDELS/GOODS-S field was also observed in the NIR as part of the ongoing HAWK-I UDS and GOODS-S survey (HUGS; VLT large program ID 186.A-0898; PI: A. Fontana; A. Fontana et al., in preparation) using the High Acuity Wide field K-band Imager (HAWK-I) on VLT. (1 data file).

The Guanine Cation Radical: Investigation of Deprotonation States by ESR and DFT

PubMed Central

Adhikary, Amitava; Kumar, Anil; Becker, David; Sevilla, Michael D.

2008-01-01

This work reports ESR studies that identify the favored site of deprotonation of the guanine cation radical (G•+) in an aqueous medium at 77 K. Using ESR and UV-visible spectroscopy, one-electron oxidized guanine is investigated in frozen aqueous D2O solutions of 2′-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) at low temperatures at various pHs at which the guanine cation, G•+ (pH 3–5), singly deprotonated species, G(-H)• (pH 7–9) and doubly deprotonated species, G(-2H)•− (pH>11) are found. C-8-deuteration of dGuo to give 8-D-dGuo removes the major proton hyperfine coupling at C-8. This isolates the anisotropic nitrogen couplings for each of the three species and aids our analyses. These anisotropic nitrogen couplings were assigned to specific nitrogen sites by use of 15N substituted derivatives at N1, N2 N3 atoms in dGuo. Both ESR and UV-visible spectra are reported for each of the species: G•+, G(-H)•, and G(-2H)•−. The experimental anisotropic ESR hyperfine couplings are compared to those obtained from DFT calculations for the various tautomers of G(-H)•. Using the B3LYP/6–31G(d) method, the geometries and energies of G•+ and its singly deprotonated state in its two tautomeric forms, G(N1-H)• and G(N2-H)•, were investigated. In a non-hydrated state G(N2-H)• is found to be more stable than G(N1-H)• but on hydration with 7 water molecules G(N1-H)• is found to be more stable than G(N2-H)•. The theoretically calculated hyperfine coupling constants (HFCC) of G•+, G(N1-H)• and G(-2H)•− match the experimentally observed HFCCs best on hydration with 7 or more waters. For G(-2H)•−, the hyperfine coupling constant (HFCC) at the exocyclic nitrogen atom (N2) is especially sensitive to the number of hydrating water molecules; good agreement with experiment is not obtained until 9 or 10 waters of hydration are included. PMID:17125389

Modern Foreign Languages: A Refereed International Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, 2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ying, Du, Ed; Zidong, Huang, Ed.

2001-01-01

These three issues contain the following articles written in Chinese: "On Conflated Theme in Systemic Functional Grammar" (Huang Guo-Wen); "A Cognitive Approach to the Conceptual Semantic Structures of Causation" (Cheng Qi-Long); "Falsifying the Internal Argument Hypothesis" (Zhao Yan-Chun); "Existential…

In Vivo Role of Six1 in Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

tumor types, including ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma , Wilms’ tumor, rhabdomyosarcomas and breast cancer (2-7). Our research is aimed at...Clinicopathological significance of homeoprotein Six1 in hepatocellular carcinoma . British Journal of Cancer 95:1050-5. 5. Li, C.M., Guo, M

Characterization of the Deoxyguanosine–Lysine Cross-Link of Methylglyoxal

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Methylglyoxal is a mutagenic bis-electrophile that is produced endogenously from carbohydrate precursors. Methylglyoxal has been reported to induce DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) in vitro and in cultured cells. Previous work suggests that these cross-links are formed between guanine and either lysine or cysteine side chains. However, the chemical nature of the methylglyoxal induced DPC have not been determined. We have examined the reaction of methylglyoxal, deoxyguanosine (dGuo), and Nα-acetyllysine (AcLys) and determined the structure of the cross-link to be the N2-ethyl-1-carboxamide with the lysine side chain amino group (1). The cross-link was identified by mass spectrometry and the structure confirmed by comparison to a synthetic sample. Further, the cross-link between methylglyoxal, dGuo, and a peptide (AcAVAGKAGAR) was also characterized. The mechanism of cross-link formation is likely to involve an Amadori rearrangement. PMID:24801980

Gum acacia mitigates genetic damage in adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats.

PubMed

Ali, B H; Al Balushi, K; Al-Husseini, I; Mandel, P; Nemmar, A; Schupp, N; Ribeiro, D A

2015-12-01

Subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) exhibit oxidative genome damage, which may predispose to carcinogenesis, and Gum acacia (GumA) ameliorates this condition in humans and animals. We evaluated here renal DNA damage and urinary excretion of four nucleic acid oxidation adducts namely 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 8-oxoguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanisone (8-OHdg) in rats with adenine (ADE)-induced CRF with and without GumA treatment. Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups and treated for 4 weeks. The first group was given normal food and water (control). The second group was given normal food and GumA (15% w/v) in drinking water. The third group was fed powder diet containing adenine (ADE) (0·75% w/w in feed). The fourth group was fed like in the third group, plus GumA in drinking water (15%, w/v). ADE feeding induced CRF (as measured by several physiological, biochemical and histological indices) and also caused a significant genetic damage and significant decreases in urinary 8-oxo Gua and 8-oxoGuo, but not in the other nucleic acids. However, concomitant GumA treatment reduced the level of genetic damage in kidney cells as detected by Comet assay and significantly reversed the effect of adenine on urinary 8-oxoGuo. Treatment with GumA is able to mitigate genetic damage in renal tissues of rats with ADE-induced CRF. © 2015 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.

Relationship Between Sea Surface Salinity from L-Band Radiometer and Optical Features in the East China Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

7330-14-2132. REFERENCE [1] Guo, Z., Lin, T., Zhang, G., et al., "The sedimentary fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze ...Total Light Absorption in Optically Complex Waters, a Case Study in Yangtze Estuary and Adjacent Coast," Advances in Computational Environment

In Vivo Role of Six1 in Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

overexpression is documented in a number of tumor types, including ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma , Wilms’ tumor, rhabdomyosarcomas and... hepatocellular carcinoma . British Journal of Cancer 95:1050-5. 5. Li, C.M., Guo, M., Borczuk, A., Powell, C.A., Wei, M., Thaker, H.M., Friedman, R

76 FR 18761 - Worldwide Logistics Co., Ltd.; Possible Violations of Sections 10(a)(1) and 10(b)(2) of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-05

... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION [Docket No. 11-04] Worldwide Logistics Co., Ltd.; Possible Violations... Worldwide Logistics Co., Ltd. (Worldwide) is a company based in the People's Republic of China, providing.... 228 Ning Guo Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, PRC 200090. It is a part of the Worldwide Logistics...

Making the Most of MASINT and Advanced Geospatial Intelligence

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-10

mining contracts and new job creation that ultimately supports economic development. This 22 type of forensic level analysis can make MASINT an...and Technology, ed. John D. Bossler (London: Taylor and Francis, 2002), 305 17 Jian Guo Liu and Philippa J. Mason, Essential Image Processing and

How Does Culture Shape Students' Perceptions of Scientists? Cross-National Comparative Study of American and Chinese Elementary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farland-Smith, Donna

2009-01-01

For decades, researchers have been convinced that one stereotypic image of scientists existed among children worldwide (Chambers, 1983; Chiang & Guo, 1996; Fung, 2002; Maoldomhnaigh & Hunt, 1988; Newton & Newton, 1992, 1998; She, 1998; Song, Pak, & Jang, 1992). This study, however, moves beyond that stereotypic image and examines…

China Report, Agriculture

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-12

ABSTRACTS GENETICS YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA], No 3, 1985 79 YICHUAN [HEREDITAS], No 4, Jul 85" 80 ZHIWU XUEBAO [ACTA BOTANICA...FRAGMENT IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS Beijing YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA] in Chinese No 3, 1985 P 169 [English abstract of article by Guo Sandui

[Ecological adaptability evaluation of peanut cultivars based on biomass and nutrient accumulation].

PubMed

Wang, Xue; Cui, Shao-xiong; Sun, Zhi-mei; Mu, Guo-jun; Cui, Shun-li; Wang, Peng-chao; Liu, Li-feng

2015-07-01

To identify the good peanut cultivars with the properties of high yield, high nutrient use efficiency and wide adaptability, 19 selected peanut cultivars were planted in the low champaign area and piedmont plain area of Hebei Province. By using principal component analysis, the adaptability of these 19 cultivars was evaluated for different ecological regions through comparing their 16 main traits including biomass and nutrient parameters. According to the critical value of principal component (>1.0), the 16 biomass and nutrient characteristics were integrated into 4 principal components which accounted for 85% of the original information. The results indicated that there were obvious differences in yield and nutrient use efficiency for the peanut cultivars in different ecological regions. The 19 peanut cultivars were classified into 2 groups according to their ecological adaptability, and the cultivars from the group with wide adaptability could further be divided into 3 categories according to their yield and nutrient use efficiency. Among these cultivars, Yuhua 9719, Jihua 0212-4, Weihua 10, Yuhua 15, Puhua 28 and Jihua 10 were selected as the better peanut cultivars with the properties of high yield, high nutrient use efficiency and wide adaptability.

An efficient chaotic maps-based authentication and key agreement scheme using smartcards for telecare medicine information systems.

PubMed

Lee, Tian-Fu

2013-12-01

A smartcard-based authentication and key agreement scheme for telecare medicine information systems enables patients, doctors, nurses and health visitors to use smartcards for secure login to medical information systems. Authorized users can then efficiently access remote services provided by the medicine information systems through public networks. Guo and Chang recently improved the efficiency of a smartcard authentication and key agreement scheme by using chaotic maps. Later, Hao et al. reported that the scheme developed by Guo and Chang had two weaknesses: inability to provide anonymity and inefficient double secrets. Therefore, Hao et al. proposed an authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems that solved these weaknesses and improved performance. However, a limitation in both schemes is their violation of the contributory property of key agreements. This investigation discusses these weaknesses and proposes a new smartcard-based authentication and key agreement scheme that uses chaotic maps for telecare medicine information systems. Compared to conventional schemes, the proposed scheme provides fewer weaknesses, better security, and more efficiency.

Timing Is Everything: Corticothalamic Mechanisms for Active Listening.

PubMed

Linden, Jennifer F

2017-07-05

In this issue of Neuron, Guo et al. (2017) describe a layer 6 corticothalamic circuit that alternately drives cortical states favoring either sensory detection or discrimination. They also identify a neural mechanism that resets the phase of low-frequency cortical oscillations. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Early Life Processes, Endocrine Mediators and Number of Susceptible Cells in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

Clinical physiology in obstetrics. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1980 . p. 43 –78. 15. Rovinsky JJ, Jaffin H. Cardiovascular hemodynamics...Guo H, Martin LJ, Sun L, Stone J, Fishell E, Jong RA, Hislop G, Chiarelli A, Minkin S, Yaffe MJ. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of

Association of exposure to benzene and smoking with oxidative damage to nucleic acids by means of biological monitoring of general population volunteers.

PubMed

Tranfo, G; Pigini, D; Paci, E; Marini, F; Bonanni, R C

2017-06-01

In this study, the validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) isotopic dilution method for the determination of benzene and nicotine metabolites in urine was carried out. Limit of detection are 0.026 μg/L for S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), 0.55 μg/L for t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA), and 12.41 μg/L for the cotinine, and the relative combined uncertainty was also calculated. The study involves 446 healthy volunteer residents since at least 10 years in an area of central Italy. SPMA resulted to be strongly correlated with cotinine (p = 0.75), its concentration in smokers (93) being about ten times than in non/ex-smokers (197/156), while the t,t-MA of smokers is about twice the non/ex-smokers value. A cutoff value for the definition of smoker is set at 100 μg/g creat. Oxidative stress was studied in smokers and non- and ex-smokers by means of the determination of the biomarkers 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), and 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua): no significant differences were found between smokers and non/ex-smokers, but when subjects are classified according to the cotinine cutoff value, a correlation in smokers' urinary 8-oxodGuo is found with SPMA and cotinine (p = 0.60 and p = 0.57). Results were confirmed by chemometric analysis that also identified the experimental variables most contributing the discrimination as cotinine and t,t-MA.

[Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of 15 Rhododendron cultivars].

PubMed

Shen, Hui Fei; Zhao, Bing; Xu, Jing Jing

2016-12-01

In this study, 17 anatomical structure indexes of 15 Rhododendron cultivars were mea-sured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Leaf anatomical structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation, analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation on heat resistance for each cultivar was conducted by the subordinate function. The results showed that the leaves of Rhododendron cultivars were typical bifacial leaf and the epidermal anticlinal walls showed slightly sinuate. The stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis and the shape was ruleless. The anatomical structure indexes all reached a significant level difference among 15 cultivars (P<0.01), except for lower epidermis thickness (P<0.05). Thickness of lamina corneum, stomatal density, stomatal width, the thickness palisade tissue and looseness of leaf spongy tissue were the main factors related to the hardness, while other indexes, such as stomatal length, stoma aperture, stomatal opening, length and thickness of upper epidermis, length and thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of spongy tissue, the ratio of the palisade tissue to spongy tissue, tightness of leaf palisade tissue, leaf thickness and media thickness didn't show much effect on heat resistance. There were some differences among 15 cultivars in heat resistance, and the order was Rhododendron 'Song Jiang Da Tao Hong' > Rhododendron 'Zhuang Yuan Hong' > Rhododendron 'Lv Se Guang Hui' > Rhododendron 'Fen Zhen Zhu' > Rhododendron 'Wai Guo Hong' > Rhododendron 'Lan Yin' > Rhododendron 'Bi Zhi' >Rhododendron 'Da He Zhi Chun' > Rhododendron 'Guo Qi Hong' > Rhododendron 'Yu Ling Long' > Rhododendron 'Hong Shan Hu' > Rhododendron 'Ning Bo Hong' > Rhododendron 'Tao Ban Zhu Sha' > Rhododendron 'Ai Ding Bao' > Rhododendron 'Liu Qiu Hong'. According to the heat hardiness, the cultivars could be divided into 4 groups: R. 'Song Jiang Da Tao Hong', R. 'Zhuang Yuan Hong' and R. 'Lv Se Guang Hui' with high heat

Architecture and Programming Models for High Performance Intensive Computation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-29

Applications Systems and Large-Scale-Big-Data & Large-Scale-Big-Computing (DDDAS- LS ). ICCS 2015, June 2015. Reykjavk, Ice- land. 2. Bo YT, Wang P, Guo ZL...The Mahali project,” Communications Magazine , vol. 52, pp. 111–133, Aug 2014. 14 DISTRIBUTION A: Distribution approved for public release. Response ID

The Role of Developmental Levels in Examining the Effect of Subject Types on the Production of Auxiliary "Is" in Young English-Speaking Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Ling-Yu; Van Horne, Amanda J. Owen; Tomblin, J. Bruce

2011-01-01

Purpose: Prior work (Guo, Owen, & Tomblin, 2010) has shown that at the group level, auxiliary "is" production by young English-speaking children was symmetrical across lexical noun and pronominal subjects. Individual data did not uniformly reflect these patterns. On the basis of the framework of the gradual morphosyntactic learning (GML)…

The Media Do Matter: Comment on Steinberg and Monahan (2011)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Jane D.

2011-01-01

Steinberg and Monahan's (2011) reanalysis of the Teen Media longitudinal survey of adolescents does not meet prevailing standards for propensity score analysis and therefore does not undermine the original conclusions of the Brown, L'Engle, Pardun, Guo, Kenneavy, and Jackson (2006) analysis. The media do matter in the sexual socialization of…

Oracle Bones and Mandarin Tones: Demystifying the Chinese Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Project on East Asian Studies in Education.

This publication will provide secondary level students with a basic understanding of the development and structure of Chinese (guo yu) language characters. The authors believe that demystifying the language helps break many cultural barriers. The written language is a good place to begin because its pictographic nature is appealing and inspires…

From perception to action: a spatiotemporal cortical map.

PubMed

Crochet, Sylvain; Petersen, Carl C H

2014-01-08

In this issue of Neuron, Guo et al. (2014) optogenetically probe contributions of different cortical regions to tactile sensory perception, finding that somatosensory cortex is necessary for acquisition of sensory information and frontal cortex is necessary for planning motor output. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Study of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Carbon Nanotubes-Based Composites

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-29

Publications: [1]. G. L. Zhao, Z. Ye, Z. Li, J. A. Roberts, "New carbon nanotube-epoxy composite for dampening microwave cavity resonance", IEEE Xplore ...Nanotechnology ( IEEE - NANO), 2012 12th IEEE Conference on 20-23 Aug. 2012. [2]. Z. Li, G. L. Zhao, P. Zhang, S. Guo, J. Tang, " Thermoelectric

Large Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Monocrystalline Liquid Crystal Blue Phases (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-28

5192 (2011). 39. Shi, Y., Mo, J., Wei, J. & Guo, J. Chiral assembly and plasmonic response of silver nanoparticles in a three-dimensional blue-phase... synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 µm. Nature 405, 437–440 (2000). 3. Arsenault, A. et al

BUPT_PRIS at TREC 2014 Knowledge Base Acceleration Track

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

BUPT_PRIS at TREC 2014 Knowledge Base Acceleration Track Yuanyuan Qi, Ye Xu, Dongxu Zhang, Weiran Xu qiyuanyuan@bupt.edu.cn,bob.ye.xu@gmail.com...Filtering for Entity Profile Updates for TREC 2013 [2]Yan Li, Zhaozhao Wang , Baojin Yu, Yong Zhang, Ruiyang Luo,Weiran Xu, Guang Chen, Jun Guo. PRIS

EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF THE DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT, SODIUM CHLORITE, IN FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE: A DRINKING WATER STUDY

EPA Science Inventory

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of the Disinfection By-product, Sodium chlorite, in Female B6C3f1 mice: A Drinking Water Study.

Niel A. Karrow, Tal, L. Guo, J. Ann McCay, Greg W. Johnson, Ronnetta D. Brown, Debrorah L. Musgrove, Dori R. Germolec, Robert W. Lueb...

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-16

Smirnov: "How We Made the Bomb"] [Text] In the "Forest Ranger Shack" (as the physicists nicknamed the house in which Kurchatov lived right on the...returned to China and educated a galaxy of talented scientists. Guo Yonghuai: specialist in field of mechanics; studied in USA; became professor at

Diagnosis of immunodeficiency caused by a purine nucleoside phosphorylase defect by using tandem mass spectrometry on dried blood spots.

PubMed

la Marca, Giancarlo; Canessa, Clementina; Giocaliere, Elisa; Romano, Francesca; Malvagia, Sabrina; Funghini, Silvia; Moriondo, Maria; Valleriani, Claudia; Lippi, Francesca; Ombrone, Daniela; Della Bona, Maria Luisa; Speckmann, Carsten; Borte, Stephan; Brodszki, Nicholas; Gennery, Andrew R; Weinacht, Katja; Celmeli, Fatih; Pagel, Julia; de Martino, Maurizio; Guerrini, Renzo; Wittkowski, Helmut; Santisteban, Ines; Bali, Pawan; Ikinciogullari, Aydan; Hershfield, Michael; Notarangelo, Luigi D; Resti, Massimo; Azzari, Chiara

2014-07-01

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency is a rare form of autosomal recessive combined primary immunodeficiency caused by a enzyme defect leading to the accumulation of inosine, 2'-deoxy-inosine (dIno), guanosine, and 2'-deoxy-guanosine (dGuo) in all cells, especially lymphocytes. Treatments are available and curative for PNP deficiency, but their efficacy depends on the early approach. PNP-combined immunodeficiency complies with the criteria for inclusion in a newborn screening program. This study evaluate whether mass spectrometry can identify metabolite abnormalities in dried blood spots (DBSs) from affected patients, with the final goal of individuating the disease at birth during routine newborn screening. DBS samples from 9 patients with genetically confirmed PNP-combined immunodeficiency, 10,000 DBS samples from healthy newborns, and 240 DBSs from healthy donors of different age ranges were examined. Inosine, dIno, guanosine, and dGuo were tested by using tandem mass spectrometry (TMS). T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) levels were evaluated by using quantitative RT-PCR only for the 2 patients (patients 8 and 9) whose neonatal DBSs were available. Mean levels of guanosine, inosine, dGuo, and dIno were 4.4, 133.3, 3.6, and 3.8 μmol/L, respectively, in affected patients. No indeterminate or false-positive results were found. In patient 8 TREC levels were borderline and KREC levels were abnormal; in patient 9 TRECs were undetectable, whereas KREC levels were normal. TMS is a valid method for diagnosis of PNP deficiency on DBSs of affected patients at a negligible cost. TMS identifies newborns with PNP deficiency, whereas TREC or KREC measurement alone can fail. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interaction of DNA and mononucleotides with theophylline investigated using electrochemical biosensors and biosensing.

PubMed

Nemčeková, Katarína; Labuda, Ján; Milata, Viktor; Blaškovičová, Jana; Sochr, Jozef

2018-05-03

The understanding of DNA-drug interaction mechanism is among the important aspects of biological studies for drug design, discovery and pharmaceutical development processes. Published rather detailed FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic studies on the interactions of theophylline, theobromine and caffeine with calf thymus DNA have shown effective binding of these methylxanthine derivatives to DNA and RNA involving H-bonds. However, to our knowledge, there is no such investigation using electrochemical approach. As a novelty of the study, in this paper the bioelectrochemical approach has been chosen for the investigation of an interaction of low molecular salmon sperm dsDNA, ssDNA and mononucleotides with theophylline (TP) in aqueous phosphate buffered medium using DNA-based electrochemical biosensors and biosensing in solution phase. Exploitation of the electrochemical approach via changes in square wave voltammetric responses of deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) provided a new indication on preferential association of TP with dGuo in the case of double helical dsDNA structure which was not reported previously. Moreover, an attachment of TP molecules outside DNA was found in the presence of high concentration of 3.3 × 10 -4  M TP in solution which diminishes the electron transfer and leads to the difficulties in quantitative evaluation of the TP and dGuo voltammetric responses. The changes in UV-vis and FTIR spectra obtained in the same medium confirmed the association interaction of TP with both nucleobases. Utilizing the model and the published energies of hydrogen bonding stabilization, the formation of a DNA-TP complex was predicted through the intermolecular H-bonds between TP and the NH-CO moiety of guanine and the N-NH 2 moiety of adenine. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chinese Armillary Spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Xiaochun

The armillary sphere was perhaps the most important type of astronomical instrument in ancient China. It was first invented by Luoxia Hong in the first century BC. After Han times, the structure of the armillary sphere became increasingly sophisticated by including more and more rings representing various celestial movements as recognized by the Chinese astronomers. By the eighth century, the Chinese armillary sphere consisted of three concentric sets of rings revolving on the south-north polar axis. The relative position of the rings could be adjusted to reflect the precession of the equinoxes and the regression of the Moon's nodes along the ecliptic. To counterbalance the defect caused by too many rings, Guo Shoujing from the late thirteenth century constructed the Simplified Instruments which reorganized the rings of the armillary sphere into separate instruments for measuring equatorial coordinates and horizontal coordinates. The armillary sphere was still preserved because it was a good illustration of celestial movements. A fifteenth-century replica of Guo Shoujing's armillary sphere still exists today.

Progressive DNA and RNA damage from oxidation after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in humans.

PubMed

Jorgensen, Anders; Staalsoe, Jonatan M; Simonsen, Anja H; Hasselbalch, Steen G; Høgh, Peter; Weimann, Allan; Poulsen, Henrik E; Olsen, Neils V

2018-01-01

Free radical toxicity is considered as a key mechanism in the neuronal damage occurring after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We measured markers of DNA and RNA damage from oxidation (8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo, respectively) in cerebrospinal fluid from 45 patients with SAH on day 1-14 after ictus and 45 age-matched healthy control subjects. At baseline, both markers were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p values < .001), and exhibited a progressive further increase (to >20-fold above control levels) from day 5-14. None of the markers predicted the occurrence of vasospasms or mortality, although there was a trend that the 8-oxoGuo marker was more strongly associated with mortality than the 8-oxodG marker. We conclude that SAH leads to a massive increase in damage to nucleic acids from oxidative stress, which is likely to play a role in neuronal dysfunction and death. As only patients in need of a ventriculostomy catheter were included in the study, the findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to all patients with SAH.

Counting “exotics”

Treesearch

Qinfeng Guo

2011-01-01

An introduced or exotic species is commonly defined as an organism accidentally or intentionally introduced to a new location by human activity (Williamson 1996; Richardson et al. 2000; Guo and Ricklefs 2010). However, the counting of exotics is often inconsistent. For example, in the US, previously published plant richness data for each state are only those either...

Zebrafish Model of NF1 for Structure-Function Analysis, Mechanisms of Glial Tumorigenesis, and Chemical Biology

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

Feng Guo1, Shuning He1, Marc A. Wolman2, Michael Granato2, Nathan D. Lawson4, Scot A. Wolfe4, Seok-Hyung Kim5, Lilianna Solnica-Krezel6, John P...gliomas. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 63, 499- 509. Lyons, D. A., Pogoda, H. M., Voas, M. G., Woods , I. G., Diamond, B., Nix, R., Arana, N., Jacobs

Runtime Systems for Extreme Scale Platforms

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

Programming in Java, PPPJ ’11, (New York, NY, USA), pp. 51–61, ACM, 2011. [76] Y. Guo, R. Barik , R. Raman, and V. Sarkar, “Work-first and help-first...95] R. Barik , J. Zhao, D. Grove, I. Peshansky, Z. Budimlić, and V. Sarkar, “Commu- nication Optimizations for Distributed-Memory X10 Programs,” in

15 CFR Supplement No. 7 to Part 748 - Authorization Validated End-User (VEU): List of Validated End-Users, Respective Items Eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; 2B230; 2B350.d.2 2B350.g.3 2B350.i.4; 3B001.c.2; 3C002; 3C004 Headquarters and Fab. 1 of HHNEC, No. 1188 Chuan Qiao Rd., Pu Dong, Shanghai, China 201206.Fab. 2 of HHNEC, No. 668 Guo Shou Jing Rd., Zhang Jiang...

Solar Photochemistry | Chemistry and Nanoscience Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Publications Park, J.; Reid, O. G.; Blackburn, J. L.; Rumbles, G. Photoinduced Spontaneous Free-Carrier Wan, Y.; Guo, Z.; Zhu, T.; Yan, S.; Johnson, J.; Huang, L. Cooperative Singlet and Triplet Exciton . DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2348 Ihly, R.; Mistry, K. S.; Ferguson, A. J.; Clikeman, T. T.; Larson, B. W.; Reid

Tasting Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC): A New Integrative Genetics Lab with an Old Flavor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merritt, Robert B.; Bierwert, Lou Ann; Slatko, Barton; Weiner, Michael P.; Ingram, Jessica; Sciarra, Kristianna; Weiner, Evan

2008-01-01

First reported in the early 1930s, variation in the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) has since become one of the most widely studied of all human genetic traits. Guo and Reed (2001) provide an excellent review of work on this polymorphism prior to the identification and sequencing of the PTC gene by Kim et al. (2003), and Wooding (2006)…

50th Annual Technical Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science (SES)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-15

McDowell (Gerogia Tech), Min Zhou () Virtual Characterization of composites with Lamination Defects for wind turbine spar cap MUKUNDAN SRINIVASAN...Zhang (IHCP Singapore) Damage Mechanisms in Irradiated Metallic Glasses Richard Baumer (MIT), Michael Demkowicz (MIT) Slip Avalanches in Amorphous...Michigan, 48090) Atomistic Simulations of c+a Pyramidal Slip in Magnesium Single Crystal under Compression Xiaozhi Tang (MIT & BJTU), Yafang Guo

AR Alternative Splicing and Prostate Cancer Progression

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

database (ARDB): update. Human Mutation 23 527–533. (doi:10.1002/ humu .20044) Guo Z, Yang X, Sun F, Jiang R, Linn DE, Chen H, Kong X, Melamed J, Tepper...doi:10.1002/ humu .21138) Matias PM, Donner P, Coelho R, Thomaz M, Peixoto C, Macedo S, Otto N, Joschko S, Scholz P, Wegg A et al. 2000 Structural

Lnc'ed in to Cardiogenesis.

PubMed

Sahara, Makoto; Eroglu, Elif; Chien, Kenneth R

2018-06-01

Despite the continuous discovery of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with critical developmental roles, our knowledge of lncRNAs that control cardiac lineage commitment is still limited. In this issue, Guo et al. (2018) report a novel lncRNA-mediated multiprotein complex assembly that directly regulates the key transcriptional programs of murine cardiogenesis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The terminator mouse: salvation for primary cell culture.

PubMed

Kabgani, Nazanin; Moeller, Marcus J

2013-11-01

The Terminator had to come back from the future already several times in an effort to bring salvation to mankind. In the present issue of Kidney International, Guo et al. brought us a novel transgenic mouse model: the terminator mouse. This highly elegant mouse may facilitate significantly the derivation of primary cultures of a specific cell type from a tissue containing multiple cell populations.

The Internal Control System and Control Programs: A Reference Guide

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

multilocation audits . [Ref. 27:Ch. 8, p. 4] 3. Verification Staqe The actual audit field work occurs during this phase. The audit team provides an entrance...number) ;E, GUO.)P SuB GROUP Internal Control; Internal Control System; Audits ; Reviews; Ccamand Evaluation Program; EconnTy & Efficiency Reviews...general overview of the inter- nal control system and discusses the various external and internal audits , inspections, reviews and investiaative

Implementation of Nonhomogeneous Dirichlet Boundary Conditions in the p- Version of the Finite Element Method

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

Institute for Physical Science and Teennology rUniversity of Maryland o College Park, MD 20742 B. Gix) Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation Troy...OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD by Ivo Babuska Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 B. Guo 2...2Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-85-16191 during the stay at the Institute for Physical Science and

Asymmetrically Functionalized Graphene for Photodependent Diode Rectifying Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-06

catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells, high-performance electrodes in supercapacitors , batteries, actuators, and sen- sors.[1,2] Of particular...Stoller et al.[1j] produced graphene-based supercapacitors free from any conducting filler with a specific capacitance of 135 Fg1 in aqueous electrolytes...dimensionally compatible and electrically conduc- tive component, Guo et al.[2g,h] further constructed a smart graphene-based multifunctional biointerface for

Parametric Study of Beta-Endpoint Energy in Direct Energy Converters

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

Circuits for Ultra-high Efficiency Micro- power Generators using Nickel-63 Radioisotope . Technical Digest, ISSCC, February 2006, 418– 19. 8. Lal, A...Zakar, E.; Dubey, M.; Lal, A. MEMS Radioisotope - powered Piezoelectric Power Generator. IEEE MEMS 2006, Istanbul, Turkey, January 2006, 94–97. 16... Power : A Radioisotope - powered Piezoelectric Generator. IEEE Pervasive Computing Jan-Mar 2005, 4 (1), 53–61. Lee, C.; Guo, H.; Radhakrishnan, S.; Lal, A

Involvement of Human Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha 1 (hERR 1) in Breast Cancer and Hormonally Insensitive Disease

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-08-01

91-94, 1988. 4. Vanacker , J. M ., Pettersson, K., Gustafsson, J. A., and Laudet, V. Transcriptional targets shared by estrogen receptor-related...Chem., 275: 20837-20846, 2000. entially associated with steroid receptors. Am. J. Puthol., 148: 549-558, 1袴. 38. Vanacker , 1. M ., Pettersson, K...Menard, S. Cooperative inhibitory effect of ZD 1839 49. Vanacker , J. M ., Delmarre, C., Guo, X., and Laudet, V. Activation of the osteopontin (Iressa) in

Electronic State Decomposition of Energetic Materials and Model Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-17

Nitromethane at 226 nm and 271 nm at both Nanosecond and Femtosecond Temporal Scales," J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 85 (2009). Y. Q. Guo, A. Bhattacharya and E...less "energetic". 8. Photodissociation Dynamics of Nitromethane at 226 and 271 nm at Both Nanosecond and Femtosecond Time Scales Photodissociation...of nitromethane has been investigated for decades both theoretically and experimentally; however, as a whole picture, the dissociation dynamics for

China Report: Economic Affairs. No. 335.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-05-06

Urged (SICHUAN RIBAO, 2k Jan 83) Sichuan Government Seeks To Strengthen Management of Market , Commodity Prices _ (SICHUAN RIBAO, 24 Jan 83...TRADE Role of State-Run Commercial Enterprises Discussed (Guo Dongluo; JIEFANG RIBAO, 23 Feb 83) k3 Ten Major Changes in Liaoning’s Market ...8 Ways To Handle Individual Traffic Discussed (Hao Zhixin; JINGJI RIBAO, 31 Jan 83) 50 Brisk Buying, Selling in Fujian’s Markets

Catalyst and Fuel Interactions to Optimize Endothermic Cooling

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-30

research , special, group study, etc. 3. DATES COVERED. Indicate the time during which the work was performed and the report was written, e.g., Jun 1997...information from the experimental measurements. In close collaboration with experimental group of Anderson, we completed theoretical studies on the effect...observed shifts. 3. Methane Activation by Controlling s- and d-states in Iron-based Single Site Catalysts In a recent experimental finding Guo et

Overview of methods in RNA nanotechnology: synthesis, purification, and characterization of RNA nanoparticles.

PubMed

Haque, Farzin; Guo, Peixuan

2015-01-01

RNA nanotechnology encompasses the use of RNA as a construction material to build homogeneous nanostructures by bottom-up self-assembly with defined size, structure, and stoichiometry; this pioneering concept demonstrated in 1998 (Guo et al., Molecular Cell 2:149-155, 1998; featured in Cell) has emerged as a new field that also involves materials engineering and synthetic structural biology (Guo, Nature Nanotechnology 5:833-842, 2010). The field of RNA nanotechnology has skyrocketed over the last few years, as evidenced by the burst of publications in prominent journals on RNA nanostructures and their applications in nanomedicine and nanotechnology. Rapid advances in RNA chemistry, RNA biophysics, and RNA biology have created new opportunities for translating basic science into clinical practice. RNA nanotechnology holds considerable promise in this regard. Increased evidence also suggests that substantial part of the 98.5 % of human genome (Lander et al. Nature 409:860-921, 2001) that used to be called "junk DNA" actually codes for noncoding RNA. As we understand more on how RNA structures are related to function, we can fabricate synthetic RNA nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This chapter provides a brief overview of the field regarding the design, construction, purification, and characterization of RNA nanoparticles for diverse applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicince.

Genetic Plymorphisms, Estrogens, and Breast Density

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

Babych N et al. Investigations on the genetic polymorphism in the region of CYP17 gene encoding 5’-UTR in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome ...digitizing cranio- suppression of ovarian function through a gonadotropin-releasing caudal views of the mammograms, we performed computer- hormone...McDuffie K, Kolonel LN, Terada K, Donlon TA, 2002;4:R5. Wilkens LR, Guo C, Le Marchand L. Case-control study of ovarian 22. Haiman CA, Hankinson SE

Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutes, and Ideas After the 16th Party Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

Xiliang, Lang Longxi, Zhou Xupeng, Zhang Hong, Fang Junzhong, Fang Lufeng, Guo Weihu, Zhu Guangzheng, Zhao Heng, Quan Zhixue, Yu Hongtao , Hou Xiaoqin...Deng Hongtao , and Lei Ziyuan, "Vast Numbers of Officers and Men of All Armed Forces and Armed Police Corps Resolutely Support New CPC Central Committee...and Central Military Commission," Jiefangjun bao, November 17, 2002, p. 1. 14. Jiefangjun bao, November 20, 2002. 15. Qian Xiaohu, Xia Hongqing, Han

Leveraging the MJO for Predicting Envelopes of Tropical Wave and Synoptic Activity at Multi-Week Lead Times

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-30

GEWEX GASS MJO Diabatic Heating Experiment, 2) Intraseasonal Variability Hindcast Experiment (ISVHE) C. Conduct more comprehensive analysis on the...since her Ph.D. study. Key partners include M. Zhao (GFDL) and J. Ridout (NRL). Both Zhao and Ridout are contributors to the MJO multi-model diabatic ...a paper and submitted to the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (Guo et al. 2013). We have also begun acquiring model data from the MJO Diabatic

China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-18

Production Brigade of Guangbao Commune in raising chickens and rabbits in a big way. We must mobilize the commune member house- holds to utilize...The state and the commune, production brigades, and production teams operate fish farms, some of which raise fry . Why not go ahead with raising fish...Wei Xinyi, Huang Yu, Yang Jike, Guo Tixiang, Meng Fulin, Hu Tan, Zhu Nong, Fang Shiliang, Wang Zenong, Pan Ezhang, Liu Zhengwen, Chen Tianren, Ma

Colored ultra-thin hybrid photovoltaics with high quantum efficiency for decorative PV applications (Presentation Recording)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, L. Jay

2015-10-01

adopted by other material systems as well. Based on these understandings, we have also developed colored perovskite PV by integrating an optical cavity with the perovskite semiconductors [4]. The principle and experimental results will be presented. 1. J. Y. Lee, K. T. Lee, S.Y. Seo, L. J. Guo, "Decorative power generating panels creating angle insensitive transmissive colors," Sci. Rep. 4, 4192, 2014. 2. K. T. Lee, J.Y. Lee, S.-Y. Seo, and L. J. Guo, "Colored ultra-thin hybrid photovoltaics with high quantum efficiency," Light: Science and Applications, 3, e215, 2014. 3. K. T. Lee, S.-Y. Seo, J.Y. Lee, and L. J. Guo, "Ultrathin metal-semiconductor-metal resonator for angle invariant visible band transmission filters," Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 231112, (2014); and "Strong resonance effect in a lossy medium-based optical cavity for angle robust spectrum filters," Adv. Mater, 26, 6324-6328, 2014. 4. K. T. Lee, M. Fukuda, L. J. Guo, "Colored, see-through perovskite solar cells employing an optical cavity," Submitted, 2015

The Military & Political Succession in China: Leadership, Institutions, Beliefs

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Xinjiang MD Political Commissar Tang Guangcai is most likely a veteran of the Fifth FA system who has served in Xinjiang since at least 1979. He was a...28th GA (Shanxi Province) Tang Liehui Commander Guo Weixin Political Commissar 38th GA (Hebei Province) Zhang Meiyuan WuRunzhong 63rd GA...po1itical department director of the same unit in June 1989. Both men served with Martial Law Forces during the Tiananmen crisis. Commander Tang Liehui of

Mechanisms of Residual Stress Generation in Mechanical Surface Treatment: the Role of Cyclic Plasticity and Texture

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-24

modulus, yield strength, strain hardening exponent, and hardness can be estimated by this technique (Pethica 1982, Newey, Wilkins & Pollock 1982, Stone et...properties of metal alloys: a review", International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1021-1036. Newey, D., Wilkins , M.A. & Pollock, H.M. 1982...Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Yu, C., Tang , Y., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Guo, D., Wang, S., Xia, X., Chen, M. & Dai, Y. 1997, "Laser shock-processing for

Biomarkers of early genotoxicity and oxidative stress for occupational risk assessment of exposure to styrene in the fibreglass reinforced plastic industry.

PubMed

Cavallo, Delia; Tranfo, Giovanna; Ursini, Cinzia Lucia; Fresegna, Anna Maria; Ciervo, Aureliano; Maiello, Raffaele; Paci, Enrico; Pigini, Daniela; Gherardi, Monica; Gatto, Maria Pia; Buresti, Giuliana; Iavicoli, Sergio

2018-06-10

This study aimed to identify sensitive and not-invasive biomarkers of early genotoxic/oxidative effect for exposure to styrene in the fibreglass reinforced plastic manufacture. We studied 11 workers of a plastic manufacture using open molding process (A), 16 workers of a manufacture using closed process (B) and 12 controls. We evaluated geno/cytotoxic effects on buccal cells by Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay and genotoxic/oxidative effects on lymphocytes by Fpg-comet test. On A workers we also evaluated urinary 8oxoGua, 8oxodGuo and 8oxoGuo to investigate oxidative stress. Personal inhalation exposure to styrene was monitored by passive air sampling and GC/MS. Biological monitoring included urinary metabolites mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA). The findings show higher styrene exposure, urinary MA + PGA levels and micronucleus frequency in manufacture A. Higher buccal karyolytic cell frequency vs controls were found in both exposed populations. We found in exposed workers, no induction of direct DNA damage but oxidative DNA damage. Fpg-comet assay and urinary oxidized guanine seem to be sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress and BMCyt assay a good-not invasive biomarker of cyto-genotoxicity at target organ. The study, although limited by the small number of studied subjects, shows the usefulness of used biomarkers in risk assessment of styrene-exposed workers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Go Signaling in Mushroom Bodies Regulates Sleep in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Guo, Fang; Yi, Wei; Zhou, Mingmin; Guo, Aike

2011-01-01

Study Objectives: Sleep is a fundamental physiological process and its biological mechanisms are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, heterotrimeric Go protein is abundantly expressed in the brain. However, its post-developmental function has not been extensively explored. Design: Locomotor activity was measured using the Drosophila Activity Monitoring System under a 12:12 LD cycle. Sleep was defined as periods of 5 min with no recorded activity. Results: Pan-neuronal elevation of Go signaling induced quiescence accompanied by an increased arousal threshold in flies. By screening region-specific GAL4 lines, we mapped the sleep-regulatory function of Go signaling to mushroom bodies (MBs), a central brain region which modulates memory, decision making, and sleep in Drosophila. Up-regulation of Go activity in these neurons consolidated sleep while inhibition of endogenous Go via expression of Go RNAi or pertussis toxin reduced and fragmented sleep, indicating that the Drosophila sleep requirement is affected by levels of Go activity in the MBs. Genetic interaction results showed that Go signaling serves as a neuronal transmission inhibitor in a cAMP-independent pathway. Conclusion: Go signaling is a novel signaling pathway in MBs that regulates sleep in Drosophila. Citation: Guo F; Yi W; Zhou M; Guo A. Go signaling in mushroom bodies regulates sleep in drosophila. SLEEP 2011;34(3):273-281. PMID:21358844

Volume requirements for aerated mud drilling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guo, B.; Rajtar, J.M.

1995-09-01

Aerated mud drilling has been recognized as having many advantages over conventional mud drilling, such ass higher penetration rate, less formation damage, minimized lost circulation, and lower drilling cost. In some areas, the use of aerated mud as a circulating medium for drilling oil and gas wells is becoming an attractive practice. Maintaining an optimum combination of liquid and air flow rates is important in aerated drilling operations. However, most drilling operators are unclear on what constitutes the ``optimum combination of the liquid and air flow rates.`` Guo et al. presented a mathematical approach to determining the flowing bottomhole pressuremore » (BHP) for aerated mud drilling. This paper addresses the use of Guo et al.`s mathematical model to determine liquid and air volume requirements considering wellbore stability, pipe sticking, and formation damage as well as the cuttings-carry capacity of the aerated mud. For a formation-damage-prevention point of view, the liquid fraction in the fluid stream should e as low as possible. However, a sufficient mud flow rate is always required to make the hole stable and to maintain the cuttings-carrying capacity of the aerated mud without injecting much air volume. This paper provides a simple approach to determining the liquid and air volume requirements for aerated mud drilling.« less

Catalytic Degradation of Methylphosphonic Acid Using Iron Powder/Iron Oxides

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-11-01

Dissertation 7) Davidson, R.G. Mikrochimica Acta 1988, 1, 301 8) Guo, X.; Yoshinobu, J.; Yates Jr., J.T. Journal of Physical Chemisrty 1990, 94...6839 9) Hegde, R.I.; Greenlief, C.M.; White, J.M. Journal of Physical Chemisrty 1985, 59, 2886 10) Smentkowski, V.S.; Hagans, P.; Yates Jr., J.T...Journal of Physical Chemisrty 1998, 92, 6351 11) Tzou, T.Z.; Weller, S.W. Journal of Catalysis 1993, 146, 370 12) Leslie, D. R. and Ward, J. R

Role of IKKalpha in the EGFR Signaling Regulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

Stem Cell Biology Epithelial– Mesenchymal Transition Induced by TNF-a Requires NF-kB–Mediated Transcriptional Upregulation of Twist1 Chia-Wei Li1, Weiya... mesenchymal markers in MCF10A-p65 cells with Twist1 siRNA. D, abrogation of p65- mediated cancer stem cell population by Twist1 suppression. E...Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, Eaton EN, Ayyanan A, Zhou AY, et al. The epithelial- mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells . Cell

Growth of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowire Arrays Using Bilayered Metal Catalysts

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

12] J. P. Liu, C. X. Guo, C. M. Li et al., “Carbon-decorated ZnO nanowire array: a novel platform for direct electrochemistry of enzymes and...cited. Vertically aligned, high-density ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown for the first time on c-plane sapphire using binary alloys of Ni/Au or Cu/Au as...deleterious to the ZnO NW array growth. Significant improvement of the Au adhesion on the substrate was noted, opening the potential for direct

Species of the Poaceae-associated genus Bamboosiella (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from China, with three new species.

PubMed

Dang, Li-Hong; Qiao, Ge-Xia

2016-11-07

In the Poaceae-associated genus Bamboosiella Ananthakrishnan, eleven species are here recognized from China, including antennatus sp.n. and longisetis sp.n. from Yunnan, and magnus sp.n. from Hainan. Four species are newly recorded from China, bicoloripes Ananthakrishnan, fasciata Okajima, flavescens Okajima and semiflava Okajima. One species from Zhejiang, Bamboosiella brevibristla Sha, Guo, Feng & Duan is placed as a new synonym of B. exastis (Ananthakrishnan & Kudo). An illustrated identification key is provided to the eleven Bamboosiella species now recognised from China.

Joint Services Electronics Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-07-31

Angela M.S. 91 Liang. Chunlin Ph.D. 90 Liang, Guo Chun Ph.D. 90 Lin, Hong Ph.D. 92 Moon, J.E. Ph.D. 90 Noriego-Asturias, Jorge M.S. 92 Raghunath ...1 11, December 3, 1990. M.T. Raghunath and Abhiram Ranade, "A Simulation-Based Comparison of Interconncction Networks," Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE...Bipolar Transistor Fabricated on SIMOX," EDL-14. No. 1, p. 33. Jan. 1993. M.T. Raghunath and Abhiram Ranade, "Customizing Interconnection Networks to

A new species of Fuziidae (Insecta, Blattida) from the Inner Mongolia, China

PubMed Central

Wei, Dandan; Liang, Junhui; Ren, Dong

2012-01-01

Abstract A new species attributed to the genus Parvifuzia Guo & Ren, 2011, Parvifuzia peregrina sp. n., is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. This new species, with apex of wing almost reaching the end of the abdomen and forewing venation with 30–32 veins at margin, broadens the diversity of Parvifuzia. This new species, with strongly curved cerci, could tightly clasp female and complete copulation more efficiently, same as other members of the family Fuziidae. PMID:22977342

Protective effect of 4-coumaric acid from UVB ray damage in the rabbit eye.

PubMed

Lodovici, Maura; Caldini, Silvia; Morbidelli, Lucia; Akpan, Victor; Ziche, Marina; Dolara, Piero

2009-01-08

UV-induced oxidation damage seems to play a major role in a number of specific pathological conditions of intraocular tissues, such as cataract formation and retinal degeneration. Therefore, antioxidant and/or scavenger compounds might protect the eyes from UV-induced cellular damage. We previously reported that 4-coumaric acid (4-CA) is able to protect rabbit corneal-derived cells (SIRC) from UVB-induced oxidation damage. In this study we evaluated the protective effect of 4-CA against UVB-induced cell damage in rabbit cornea in vivo. Twelve male New Zealand albino rabbits were used; four rabbits were used as a control and received vehicle in one eye and 4-CA acid in the contralateral eye; eight rabbits were exposed to UVB rays (79.2mJ/cm(2)) and three days before to UV exposure each animal received 1 drop/day of vehicle in one eye and 1 drop/day of vehicle containing 4-CA (164ng) in the contralateral eye. Corneal and sclera tissues were removed and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) levels were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were determined in aqueous humour. UVB-induced vessel hyper-reactivity was strongly reduced at 4 and 24h after UVB exposure after local treatment with 4-CA, 8-oxodGuo levels, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, were significantly increased (P<0.05) in sclera and cornea by UVB irradiation, but when 4-CA was administered to the conjunctiva in a buffered solution once a day for 3d before and 6d after UVB exposure, levels of 8-oxodGuo were similar to controls and significantly reduced (P<0.05) compared to UVB-treated corneas. XO activity in the aqueous humour was significantly increased. The administration of 4-CA for 3d before and 6d after UVB irradiation induced a small but significant (P<0.05) reduction of XO compared with control eyes. Our results indicate that the administration of 4-CA protects eye tissues, thus reducing the harmful effect of UVB radiation at low concentration, probably

Sperm quality and DNA integrity of coke oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

PubMed

Jeng, Hueiwang Anna; Pan, Chih-Hong; Chao, Mu-Rong; Chiu, Chien-Chih; Zhou, Guodong; Chou, Chon-Kit; Lin, Wen-Yi

2016-11-18

The objective of this study was to assess sperm quality and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity of coke oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as compared to control subjects. The coke oven workers (N = 52) and administrative staff (N = 35) of a steel plant served as the exposed and control groups, respectively. Exposure to PAHs was assessed by measuring 1-hydroxypyren. Analysis of sperm quality (concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) was performed simultaneously with sperm DNA integrity analysis, including DNA fragmentation, denaturation, bulky DNA adducts, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). A questionnaire was conducted to collect demographic and potential confounding data. The coke oven workers had lower percentages of sperm motility, vitality and normal morphology than the control group, but the difference was not significant. For DNA integrity, the coke oven workers had significantly higher concentrations of bulky DNA adducts and 8-oxo-dGuo than the control subjects (p = 0.009 and p = 0.048, respectively). However, DNA fragmentation percentages did not significantly increase as compared to those in the subjects from the control group (p = 0.232). There was no correlation between sperm quality parameters and DNA integrity indicators. Occupational exposure of the coke oven workers to PAHs was associated with decreased sperm DNA integrity. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):915-926. This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license.

Optimal preconditioning of lattice Boltzmann methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izquierdo, Salvador; Fueyo, Norberto

2009-09-01

A preconditioning technique to accelerate the simulation of steady-state problems using the single-relaxation-time (SRT) lattice Boltzmann (LB) method was first proposed by Guo et al. [Z. Guo, T. Zhao, Y. Shi, Preconditioned lattice-Boltzmann method for steady flows, Phys. Rev. E 70 (2004) 066706-1]. The key idea in this preconditioner is to modify the equilibrium distribution function in such a way that, by means of a Chapman-Enskog expansion, a time-derivative preconditioner of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations is obtained. In the present contribution, the optimal values for the free parameter γ of this preconditioner are searched both numerically and theoretically; the later with the aid of linear-stability analysis and with the condition number of the system of NS equations. The influence of the collision operator, single- versus multiple-relaxation-times (MRT), is also studied. Three steady-state laminar test cases are used for validation, namely: the two-dimensional lid-driven cavity, a two-dimensional microchannel and the three-dimensional backward-facing step. Finally, guidelines are suggested for an a priori definition of optimal preconditioning parameters as a function of the Reynolds and Mach numbers. The new optimally preconditioned MRT method derived is shown to improve, simultaneously, the rate of convergence, the stability and the accuracy of the lattice Boltzmann simulations, when compared to the non-preconditioned methods and to the optimally preconditioned SRT one. Additionally, direct time-derivative preconditioning of the LB equation is also studied.

Zebrafish Model of NF1 for Structure-Function Analysis, Mechanisms of Glial Tumorigenesis, and Chemical Biology

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

Meng1,‡, Jimann Shin2, Arun Padmanabhan3, Daniel Cifuentes4, Antonio J. Giraldez4, A. Thomas Look2, Jonathan A. Epstein3, Nathan D. Lawson1,§ and Scot ...Geurts, A. M., Cost, G. J., Freyvert, Y., Zeitler, B., Miller, J. C., Choi, V. M., Jenkins, S. S., Wood , A., Cui, X., Meng, X. et al. (2009). Knockout...de Groh2,‡, Jeong-Soo Lee1,§, Sam Haidar3, Suzanne Dahlberg1, Feng Guo1, Shuning He1, Marc A. Wolman2, Michael Granato2, Nathan D. Lawson4, Scot A

Picking the right tool for the job – phosphor-proteomics of egg activation

PubMed Central

Wessel, Gary M.

2016-01-01

Eggs are the rarest cell in the human body, yet their study is essential for the fields of fertility, reproduction, and fetal health. Guo et al use a “surrogate” animal to discover the phophoproteomic pathways involved in egg activation. With datasets of several thousand phophosites on 2500 different proteins, these investigators have defined new pathways, connections to pathways, and priorities in searches for how eggs are activated at fertilization. These results in a sea urchin are now transposable to mammals for testing on a per candidate strategy. PMID:26573262

Genomic Instability and Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

van Deursen, J., Nussenzweig, A., Paull, T . T ., Alt, F. W., and Chen, J. (2006)Mol. Cell 21, 187–200 7. Huen, M. S., Grant, R ., Manke, I., Minn, K...Science 316, 1198–1202 14. Lechner,M. S., Levitan, I., andDressler, G. R . (2000)Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 2741–2751 15. Cho, Y. W., Hong, T ., Hong, S., Guo...H., Yu, H., Kim, D., Guszczynski, T ., Dressler, G. R ., Copeland, T . D., Kalkum, M., and Ge, K. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 20395–20406 16. Patel, S. R

The Theory and Practice of the h-p Version of Finite Element Method.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

1Wr-194 ’The problem with none-hmogeneous Dirichlet problem is to find the finite element solution u. £ data was studied by Babuika, Guo.im- 4401 The h...implemented in the coasmercial code PROOE . by Noetic Tech., St. Louis. See (27,281. The commer- IuS -u 01 1 C(SIS2)Z(u0,HI,S1) (2.3) cial program FIESTA...collaboration with govern- ment agencies such as the National Bureau of Standards. o To be an international center of study and research for foreign

Choice of boundary condition for lattice-Boltzmann simulation of moderate-Reynolds-number flow in complex domains.

PubMed

Nash, Rupert W; Carver, Hywel B; Bernabeu, Miguel O; Hetherington, James; Groen, Derek; Krüger, Timm; Coveney, Peter V

2014-02-01

Modeling blood flow in larger vessels using lattice-Boltzmann methods comes with a challenging set of constraints: a complex geometry with walls and inlets and outlets at arbitrary orientations with respect to the lattice, intermediate Reynolds (Re) number, and unsteady flow. Simple bounce-back is one of the most commonly used, simplest, and most computationally efficient boundary conditions, but many others have been proposed. We implement three other methods applicable to complex geometries [Guo, Zheng, and Shi, Phys. Fluids 14, 2007 (2002); Bouzidi, Firdaouss, and Lallemand, Phys. Fluids 13, 3452 (2001); Junk and Yang, Phys. Rev. E 72, 066701 (2005)] in our open-source application hemelb. We use these to simulate Poiseuille and Womersley flows in a cylindrical pipe with an arbitrary orientation at physiologically relevant Re number (1-300) and Womersley (4-12) numbers and steady flow in a curved pipe at relevant Dean number (100-200) and compare the accuracy to analytical solutions. We find that both the Bouzidi-Firdaouss-Lallemand (BFL) and Guo-Zheng-Shi (GZS) methods give second-order convergence in space while simple bounce-back degrades to first order. The BFL method appears to perform better than GZS in unsteady flows and is significantly less computationally expensive. The Junk-Yang method shows poor stability at larger Re number and so cannot be recommended here. The choice of collision operator (lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook vs multiple relaxation time) and velocity set (D3Q15 vs D3Q19 vs D3Q27) does not significantly affect the accuracy in the problems studied.

Implementation of a model based fault detection and diagnosis for actuation faults of the Space Shuttle main engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duyar, A.; Guo, T.-H.; Merrill, W.; Musgrave, J.

1992-01-01

In a previous study, Guo, Merrill and Duyar, 1990, reported a conceptual development of a fault detection and diagnosis system for actuation faults of the space shuttle main engine. This study, which is a continuation of the previous work, implements the developed fault detection and diagnosis scheme for the real time actuation fault diagnosis of the space shuttle main engine. The scheme will be used as an integral part of an intelligent control system demonstration experiment at NASA Lewis. The diagnosis system utilizes a model based method with real time identification and hypothesis testing for actuation, sensor, and performance degradation faults.

Choice of boundary condition for lattice-Boltzmann simulation of moderate-Reynolds-number flow in complex domains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nash, Rupert W.; Carver, Hywel B.; Bernabeu, Miguel O.; Hetherington, James; Groen, Derek; Krüger, Timm; Coveney, Peter V.

2014-02-01

Modeling blood flow in larger vessels using lattice-Boltzmann methods comes with a challenging set of constraints: a complex geometry with walls and inlets and outlets at arbitrary orientations with respect to the lattice, intermediate Reynolds (Re) number, and unsteady flow. Simple bounce-back is one of the most commonly used, simplest, and most computationally efficient boundary conditions, but many others have been proposed. We implement three other methods applicable to complex geometries [Guo, Zheng, and Shi, Phys. Fluids 14, 2007 (2002), 10.1063/1.1471914; Bouzidi, Firdaouss, and Lallemand, Phys. Fluids 13, 3452 (2001), 10.1063/1.1399290; Junk and Yang, Phys. Rev. E 72, 066701 (2005), 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.066701] in our open-source application hemelb. We use these to simulate Poiseuille and Womersley flows in a cylindrical pipe with an arbitrary orientation at physiologically relevant Re number (1-300) and Womersley (4-12) numbers and steady flow in a curved pipe at relevant Dean number (100-200) and compare the accuracy to analytical solutions. We find that both the Bouzidi-Firdaouss-Lallemand (BFL) and Guo-Zheng-Shi (GZS) methods give second-order convergence in space while simple bounce-back degrades to first order. The BFL method appears to perform better than GZS in unsteady flows and is significantly less computationally expensive. The Junk-Yang method shows poor stability at larger Re number and so cannot be recommended here. The choice of collision operator (lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook vs multiple relaxation time) and velocity set (D3Q15 vs D3Q19 vs D3Q27) does not significantly affect the accuracy in the problems studied.

Deoxyguanosine Forms a Bis-adduct with E,E-Muconaldehyde, an Oxidative Metabolite of Benzene. Implications for the Carcinogenicity of Benzene

PubMed Central

Harris, Constance M.; Stec, Donald F.; Christov, Plamen P.; Kozekov, Ivan D.; Rizzo, Carmelo J.; Harris, Thomas M.

2011-01-01

Benzene is employed in large quantities in the chemical industry and is a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. There is strong epidemiological evidence that benzene exposure induces hematopoietic malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia, in humans but the chemical mechanisms remain obscure. E,E-Muconaldehyde is one of the products of metabolic oxidation of benzene. This paper explores the proposition that E,E-muconaldehyde is capable of forming Gua-Gua cross-links. If formed in DNA, the replication and repair of such cross-links might introduce structural defects that could be the origin of the carcinogenicity. We have investigated the reaction of E,E-muconaldehyde with dGuo and found the reaction yields two pairs of interconverting diastereomers of a novel heptacyclic bis-adduct having a spiro ring system linking the two Gua residues. The structures of the four diastereomers have been established by NMR spectroscopy and their absolute configurations by comparison of CD spectra with those of model compounds having known configurations. The final two steps in formation of the bis-nucleoside (5-ring → 6-ring → 7-ring) have significant reversibility, which is the basis for the observed epimerization. The 6-ring precursor was trapped from the equilibrating mixture by reduction with NaBH4. The anti relationship of the two Gua residues in the heptacyclic bis-adduct precludes it from being formed in B DNA but the 6-ring precursor could readily be accommodated as an interchain or intrachain cross-link. It should be possible to form similar cross-links of dCyt, dAdo, the ε-amino group of lysine, and N-termini of peptides with the dGuo-muconaldehyde monoadduct. PMID:21972945

Ion age transport: developing devices beyond electronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2014-03-01

There is more to current devices than conventional electronics. Increasingly research into the controlled movement of ions and molecules is enabling a range of new technologies. For example, as Weihua Guan, Sylvia Xin Li and Mark Reed at Yale University explain, 'It offers a unique opportunity to integrate wet ionics with dry electronics seamlessly'. In this issue they provide an overview of voltage-gated ion and molecule transport in engineered nanochannels. They cover the theory governing these systems and fabrication techniques, as well as applications, including biological and chemical analysis, and energy conversion [1]. Studying the movement of particles in nanochannels is not new. The transport of materials in rock pores led Klinkenberg to describe an analogy between diffusion and electrical conductivity in porous rocks back in 1951 [2]. And already in 1940, Harold Abramson and Manuel Gorin noted that 'When an electric current is applied across the living human skin, the skin may be considered to act like a system of pores through which transfer of substances like ragweed pollen extract may be achieved both by electrophoretic and by diffusion phenomena' [3]. Transport in living systems through pore structures on a much smaller scale has attracted a great deal of research in recent years as well. The selective transport of ions and small organic molecules across the cell membrane facilitates a number of functions including communication between cells, nerve conduction and signal transmission. Understanding these processes may benefit a wide range of potential applications such as selective separation, biochemical sensing, and controlled release and drug delivery processes. In Germany researchers have successfully demonstrated controlled ionic transport through nanopores functionalized with amine-terminated polymer brushes [4]. The polymer nanobrushes swell and shrink in response to changes in temperature, thus opening and closing the nanopore passage to ionic

Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 4 attenuates benzo[a]pyrene-mediated DNA-adduct formation in human bronchoalveolar H358 cells.

PubMed

Gelhaus, Stacy L; Gilad, Oren; Hwang, Wei-Ting; Penning, Trevor M; Blair, Ian A

2012-02-25

Multi-drug resistance protein (MRP) 4, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, has broad substrate specificity. It facilitates the transport of bile salt conjugates, conjugated steroids, nucleoside analogs, eicosanoids, and cardiovascular drugs. Recent studies in liver carcinoma cells and hepatocytes showed that MRP4 expression is regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The AhR has particular importance in the lung and is most commonly associated with the up-regulation of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) to reactive intermediates. Treatment of H358, human bronchoalveolar, cells with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or (-)-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydro-7,8-diol (B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol), the proximate carcinogen of B[a]P, revealed that MRP4 expression was increased compared to control. This suggested that MRP4 expression might contribute to the paradoxical decrease in (+)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene-2'-deoxyguanosine ((+)-anti-trans-B[a]PDE-dGuo) DNA-adducts observed in TCDD-treated H358 cells. We have now found that decreased MRP4 expression induced by a short hairpin RNA (shRNA), or chemical inhibition with probenecid, increased (+)-anti-trans-B[a]PDE-dGuo formation in cells treated with (-)-B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol, but not the ultimate carcinogen (+)-anti-trans-B[a]PDE. Thus, up-regulation of MRP4 increased cellular efflux of (-)-B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol, which attenuated DNA-adduct formation. This is the first report identifying a specific MRP efflux transporter that decreases DNA damage arising from an environmental carcinogen. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elliptic Curve Integral Points on y2 = x3 + 3x ‑ 14

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jianhong

2018-03-01

The positive integer points and integral points of elliptic curves are very important in the theory of number and arithmetic algebra, it has a wide range of applications in cryptography and other fields. There are some results of positive integer points of elliptic curve y 2 = x 3 + ax + b, a, b ∈ Z In 1987, D. Zagier submit the question of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 ‑ 27x + 62, it count a great deal to the study of the arithmetic properties of elliptic curves. In 2009, Zhu H L and Chen J H solved the problem of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 ‑ 27x + 62 by using algebraic number theory and P-adic analysis method. In 2010, By using the elementary method, Wu H M obtain all the integral points of elliptic curves y 2 = x 3 ‑ 27x ‑ 62. In 2015, Li Y Z and Cui B J solved the problem of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 ‑ 21x ‑ 90 By using the elementary method. In 2016, Guo J solved the problem of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 + 27x + 62 by using the elementary method. In 2017, Guo J proved that y 2 = x 3 ‑ 21x + 90 has no integer points by using the elementary method. Up to now, there is no relevant conclusions on the integral points of elliptic curves y 2 = x 3 + 3x ‑ 14, which is the subject of this paper. By using congruence and Legendre Symbol, it can be proved that elliptic curve y 2 = x 3 + 3x ‑ 14 has only one integer point: (x, y) = (2, 0).

A Subset of Cholinergic Mushroom Body Neurons Requires Go Signaling to Regulate Sleep in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Yi, Wei; Zhang, Yunpeng; Tian, Yinjun; Guo, Jing; Li, Yan; Guo, Aike

2013-01-01

Study Objectives: Identifying the neurochemistry and neural circuitry of sleep regulation is critical for understanding sleep and various sleep disorders. Fruit flies display sleep-like behavior, sharing essential features with sleep of vertebrate. In the fruit fly's central brain, the mushroom body (MB) has been highlighted as a sleep center; however, its neurochemical nature remains unclear, and whether it promotes sleep or wake is still a topic of controversy. Design: We used a video recording system to accurately monitor the locomotor activity and sleep status. Gene expression was temporally and regionally manipulated by heat induction and the Gal4/UAS system. Measurements and Results: We found that expressing pertussis toxin (PTX) in the MB by c309-Gal4 to block Go activity led to unique sleep defects as dramatic sleep increase in daytime and fragmented sleep in nighttime. We narrowed down the c309-Gal4 expressing brain regions to the MB α/β core neurons that are responsible for the Go-mediated sleep effects. Using genetic tools of neurotransmitter-specific Gal80 and RNA interference approach to suppress acetylcholine signal, we demonstrated that these MB α/β core neurons were cholinergic and sleep-promoting neurons, supporting that Go mediates an inhibitory signal. Interestingly, we found that adjacent MB α/β neurons were also cholinergic but wake-promoting neurons, in which Go signal was also required. Conclusion: Our findings in fruit flies characterized a group of sleep-promoting neurons surrounded by a group of wake-promoting neurons. The two groups of neurons are both cholinergic and use Go inhibitory signal to regulate sleep. Citation: Yi W; Zhang Y; Tian Y; Guo J; Li Y; Guo A. A subset of cholinergic mushroom body neurons requires go signaling to regulate sleep in Drosophila. SLEEP 2013;36(12):1809-1821. PMID:24293755

Dose-responsiveness and persistence of microRNA expression alterations induced by cigarette smoke in mouse lung.

PubMed

Izzotti, Alberto; Larghero, Patrizia; Longobardi, Mariagrazia; Cartiglia, Cristina; Camoirano, Anna; Steele, Vernon E; De Flora, Silvio

2011-12-01

Our previous studies demonstrated that exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), either mainstream or environmental, results in a remarkable downregulation of microRNA expression in the lung of both mice and rats. The goals of the present study were to evaluate the dose responsiveness to CS and the persistence of microRNA alterations after smoking cessation. ICR (CD-1) neonatal mice were exposed whole-body to mainstream CS, at the doses of 119, 292, 438, and 631mg/m(3) of total particulate matter. Exposure started within 12h after birth and continued daily for 4 weeks. The levels of bulky DNA adducts and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) were measured by (32)P postlabeling procedures, and the expression of 697 mouse microRNAs was analyzed by microarray. The highest CS dose was lethal. Exposure to CS caused a dose-dependent increase of DNA alterations. DNA adducts and, even more sharply, 8-oxodGuo were reverted 1 and 4 weeks after smoking cessation. Exposure to CS resulted in an evident dysregulation of microRNA expression profiles, mainly in the sense of downregulation. The two lowest doses were not particularly effective, while the highest nonlethal dose produced extensive microRNA alterations. The expression of most downregulated microRNAs, including among others 7 members of the let-7 family, was restored one week after smoking cessation. However, the recovery was incomplete for a limited array of microRNAs, including mir-34b, mir-345, mir-421, mir-450b, mir-466, and mir-469. Thus, it appears that microRNAs mainly behave as biomarkers of effect and that exposure to high-dose, lasting for an adequate period of time, is needed to trigger the CS-related carcinogenesis process in the experimental animal model used. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Ammonia Nitrogen in the Huaihe River Basin from 1998 to 2014

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, J.; Jin, G.; Tang, H.; Li, L.

2016-12-01

To assess the effectiveness of water pollution control measures taken in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) in China, we analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in the river water from 1998 to 2014 (three Chinese Five-year Plan periods).Analysis of measured NH3-N concentrations from various monitoring stations using the STL (seasonal trend decomposition using loess) method and a modified log-linear model revealed that: (1) The rate of NH3-N concentration reduction over the whole period was 70% 81% in the main stream of Huaihe River, but reached 88% in two major tributaries - the Shaying River and Guo River. (2) The NH3-N concentrations decreased significantly particularly between the tenth Five-year Plan and eleventh Five-year Plan periods in the main stream. In comparison, significant NH3-N reduction occurred over all three Five-year Plan periods in the Shaying and Guo tributaries. The concentration in the first year of a Five-year Plan period tended to much higher than that in the last year of the same period, likely due to the difference in implementing the pollution control measures. (3) The NH3-N concentrations were higher in the spring (fertilization period) and winter (low discharge) than in the summer and autumn. (4) With the implementation of pollution control measures, the contribution rate of NH3-N in the two major tributaries from point sources has decreased from 74% 93% in earlier years to 3% 28% in later years. However, NH3-N input from non-point sources appeared to remain stable and largely depend on runoff. To further reduce the NH3-N concentration in the river, policies and control measures should focus on non-point sources.

Revision of Eucorydia Hebard, 1929 from China, with notes on the genus and species worldwide (Blattodea, Corydioidea, Corydiidae)

PubMed Central

Qiu, Lu; Che, Yan-Li; Wang, Zong-Qing

2017-01-01

Abstract The cockroach genus Eucorydia from China is revised. Five new species are described and illustrated: Eucorydia linglong sp. n., Eucorydia pilosa sp. n., Eucorydia splendida sp. n., Eucorydia guilinensis sp. n., and Eucorydia tangi sp. n.. Corydia purpuralis Kirby, 1903 and Eucorydia paucipilosa Woo, Guo & Feng, 1986 are confirmed to be junior synonyms of Eucorydia dasytoides (Walker, 1868). Eucorydia hilaris (Kirby, 1903) is newly recorded from China. This genus and currently known species from around the world are discussed. The status of Eucorydia maxwelli (Hanitsch, 1915) is revived. Corydia plagiata Walker, 1868 is confirmed to be a junior synonym of Eucorydia ornata (Saussure, 1864). A checklist, key, and photographs of members of this genus are provided. PMID:29187785

On the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Presence of a Background Shear

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shvydkoy, Roman

2018-01-01

In this note we revisit the classical subject of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in presence of an incompressible background shear flow. We derive a formula for the essential spectral radius of the evolution group generated by the linearization near the steady state and reveal that the velocity variations neutralize shortwave instabilities. The formula is a direct generalization of the result of Hwang and Guo (Arch Ration Mech Anal 167(3):235-253, (2003). Furthermore, we construct a class of steady states which posses unstable discrete spectrum with neutral essential spectrum. The technique involves the WKB analysis of the evolution equation and contains novel compactness criterion for pseudo-differential operators on unbounded domains.

Switching of the substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatase N12 by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation orchestrating 2 oncogenic pathways.

PubMed

Li, Hui; Yang, Duxiao; Ning, Shanglei; Xu, Yinghui; Yang, Fan; Yin, Rusha; Feng, Taihu; Han, Shouqing; Guo, Lu; Zhang, Pengju; Qu, Wenjie; Guo, Renbo; Song, Chen; Xiao, Peng; Zhou, Chengjun; Xu, Zhigang; Sun, Jin-Peng; Yu, Xiao

2018-01-01

The protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) is a multifunctional protein and has elicited much research attention because its decreased protein level has been associated with poor prognosis of several types of cancers. Recently, we have solved the crystal structure of the phosphatase domain of PTPN12, which disclosed a specific PTPN12-insert-loop harboring a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) phosphorylation site. However, the functional significance of this phosphorylation is undefined. In the present study, we found that S19 site phosphorylation of PTPN12 by CDK2 discharged its antitumor activity by down-regulation of its inhibitory role in cell migration, but not affecting its other regulatory functions. Phosphorylation of PTPN12 at the S19 site changed its substrate interface, and by doing so, selectively decreased its activity toward the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- pY 1196 site, but not other HER2 phosphorylation sites or other known PTPN12 substrates. A further in-depth mechanism study revealed that the phosphorylation of PTPN12 by CDK2 impaired recruitment of the serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (PAK1) to HER2, resulted in the blockade of the HER2-pY 1196 -PAK1-T 423 signaling pathway, thus increased tumor cell motility. Taken together, our results identified a new phosphorylation-based substrate recognition mechanism of PTPN12 by CDK2, which orchestrated signaling crosstalk between the oncogenic CDK2 and HER2 pathways. The newly identified governing mechanism of the substrate selectivity of a particular phosphatase was previously unappreciated and exemplifies how a phospho-network is precisely controlled in different cellular contexts.-Li, H., Yang, D., Ning, S., Xu, Y., Yang, F., Yin, R., Feng, T., Han, S., Guo, L., Zhang, P., Qu, W., Guo, R., Song, C., Xiao, P., Zhou, C., Xu, Z., Sun, J.-P., Yu, X. Switching of the substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatase N12 by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation

Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl-DNA adducts in tissues of rats treated chronically with (R)- or (S)-N’-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in a carcinogenicity study

PubMed Central

Zhao, Lijiao; Balbo, Silvia; Wang, Mingyao; Upadhyaya, Pramod; Khariwala, Samir S.; Villalta, Peter W.; Hecht, Stephen S.

2013-01-01

We quantified DNA adducts resulting from 2’-hydroxylation of enantiomers of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine N’-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in tissues of male F-344 rats after 10, 30, 50, and 70 weeks of treatment with 14 ppm in the drinking water. These rats were in subgroups of a carcinogenicity study in which (S)-NNN was highly tumorigenic in the oral cavity and esophagus while (R)-NNN was relatively weakly active. DNA adducts were quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in six tissues – oral mucosa, esophageal mucosa, nasal respiratory mucosa, nasal olfactory mucosa, liver, and lung. O2-[4-(3-Pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O2-POB-dThd, 7) and 7-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2′-deoxyguanosine (7-POB-dGuo, 8), the latter as 7-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]guanine (7-POB-Gua, 11), were detected at each time point in each tissue. In the target tissues for carcinogenicity, oral mucosa and esophageal mucosa, levels of 7-POB-Gua (11) and O2-POB-dThd (7) were similar, or 11 predominated, while in all other tissues at all time points for both enantiomers, 7 was clearly present in greater amounts than 11. Total measured DNA adduct levels in esophageal mucosa and oral mucosa were higher in rats treated with (S)-NNN than (R)-NNN. The highest adduct levels were found in the nasal respiratory mucosa. DNA adducts generally persisted in all tissues without any sign of substantial decreases throughout the 70 week time course. The results of this study suggest that inefficient repair of 7-POB-dGuo (8) in the rat oral cavity and esophagus may be important in carcinogenesis by NNN and support the development of these DNA adducts as potential biomarkers of NNN metabolic activation in people who use tobacco products. PMID:24001146

Entanglement criterion for tripartite systems based on local sum uncertainty relations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akbari-Kourbolagh, Y.; Azhdargalam, M.

2018-04-01

We propose a sufficient criterion for the entanglement of tripartite systems based on local sum uncertainty relations for arbitrarily chosen observables of subsystems. This criterion generalizes the tighter criterion for bipartite systems introduced by Zhang et al. [C.-J. Zhang, H. Nha, Y.-S. Zhang, and G.-C. Guo, Phys. Rev. A 81, 012324 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.012324] and can be used for both discrete- and continuous-variable systems. It enables us to detect the entanglement of quantum states without having a complete knowledge of them. Its utility is illustrated by some examples of three-qubit, qutrit-qutrit-qubit, and three-mode Gaussian states. It is found that, in comparison with other criteria, this criterion is able to detect some three-qubit bound entangled states more efficiently.

[Textual research on wei sheng (hygiene) and gong gong wei sheng (public health)].

PubMed

Yan, N; Chen, L Y

2016-03-01

Wei sheng, a verb-object word group existed since the ancient time, referring to"protection of life", and it was evolved as a single word which can be translated as"hygiene"in modern times with multiple implications like"cleanliness","sterilization", and"prevention of disease", etc. Gong gong wei sheng was isolated from"hygiene", which has become a new term. In the Republic of China, scholars had made preliminary studies on the translation of"hygiene"during which gong gong wei sheng, and"guo min wei sheng"(national hygiene) and"gong zhong wei sheng"(people's hygiene) appeared also. Though the term"public health"was defined by the WHO and gong gong wei sheng was defined by Chinese scholars with gradual improvement, yet, the implications of both terms are still imperfect.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jimenez, O.; Roa, Luis; Delgado, A.

We study the probabilistic cloning of equidistant states. These states are such that the inner product between them is a complex constant or its conjugate. Thereby, it is possible to study their cloning in a simple way. In particular, we are interested in the behavior of the cloning probability as a function of the phase of the overlap among the involved states. We show that for certain families of equidistant states Duan and Guo's cloning machine leads to cloning probabilities lower than the optimal unambiguous discrimination probability of equidistant states. We propose an alternative cloning machine whose cloning probability ismore » higher than or equal to the optimal unambiguous discrimination probability for any family of equidistant states. Both machines achieve the same probability for equidistant states whose inner product is a positive real number.« less

A comparative analysis of image features between weave embroidered Thangka and piles embroidered Thangka

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhenjiang; Wang, Weilan

2018-04-01

Thangka is a treasure of Tibetan culture. In its digital protection, most of the current research focuses on the content of Thangka images, not the fabrication process. For silk embroidered Thangka of "Guo Tang", there are two craft methods, namely, weave embroidered and piles embroidered. The local texture of weave embroidered Thangka is rough, and that of piles embroidered Thangka is more smooth. In order to distinguish these two kinds of fabrication processes from images, a effectively segmentation algorithm of color blocks is designed firstly, and the obtained color blocks contain the local texture patterns of Thangka image; Secondly, the local texture features of the color block are extracted and screened; Finally, the selected features are analyzed experimentally. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed features can well reflect the difference between methods of weave embroidered and piles embroidered.

Variation in light intensity with height and time from subsequent lightning return strokes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jordan, D. M.; Uman, M. A.

1983-01-01

Photographic measurements of relative light intensity as a function of height and time have been conducted for seven return strokes in two lightning flashes at 7.8 and 8.7 km ranges, using film which possesses an approximately constant spectral response in the 300-670 nm range. The amplitude of the initial light peak is noted to decrease exponentially with height, with a decay constant of 0.6-0.8 km. The logarithm of the peak light intensity near the ground is found to be approximately proportional to the initial peak electric field intensity, implying that the current decrease with height may be much slower than the light decrease. Absolute light intensity is presently estimated through the integration of the photographic signals from individual channel segments, in order to simulate the calibrated, all-sky photoelectric data of Guo and Krider (1982).

Ancient Chinese Sundials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Kehui

Timekeeping was essential in the agricultural society of ancient China. The use of sundials for timekeeping was associated with the use of the gnomon, which had its origin in remote antiquity. This chapter studies three sundials (guiyi 晷仪) from the Qin and Han dynasties, the shorter shadow plane sundial (duanying ping yi 短影平仪) invented by Yuan Chong in the Sui Dynasty, and the sundial chart (guiyingtu 晷影图) invented by Zeng Minxing in the Southern Song dynasty. This chapter also introduces Guo Shoujing's hemispherical sundial (yang yi 仰仪). A circular stone sundial discovered at the Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an is also mentioned. It is dated from the Sui and Tang dynasties. A brief survey of sundials from the Qing dynasty shows various types of sundials.

Inpatient Admissions and Costs Associated with Persistent Use of Dalfampridine Extended-Release in Multiple Sclerosis: A Claims Database Analysis.

PubMed

Guo, Amy; Niyazov, Alexander; Macaulay, Dendy; Terasawa, Emi; Schmerold, Luke; Wu, Eric Q; Krieger, Stephen

2017-07-01

.010) and MS-related inpatient admissions (OR = 0.50, P = 0.004). Persistent use was also associated with lower inpatient expenditures for all-cause admissions ($669 vs. $1,515, P = 0.002) and MS-related admissions ($388 vs. $891, P = 0.008). Persistent D-ER use was associated with significantly lower rates of all-cause and MS-related inpatient admissions and costs. Funding for this research and medical writing assistance was provided by Acorda Therapeutics. The study sponsor was involved in all stages of the study research and manuscript preparation. Guo and Niyazov were employees of Acorda Therapeutics at the time of this study and may own stock/stock options. Wu, Macaulay, Terasawa, and Schmerold are employees of Analysis Group, which received consultancy fees from Acorda Therapeutics for this project. Krieger was a consultant for Acorda Therapeutics for this project and has the following additional financial interests to report: consulting/advisory board work with Bayer, Biogen, EMD Serono, Novartis, Genentech, Genzyme, and Teva. Study concept and design were contributed by Guo, Niyazov, Macaulay, and Wu. Macaulay, Terasawa, Schmerold, and Wu helped prepare the data, and data interpretation was performed by Krieger, Guo, Niyazov, and Macaulay, along with Terasawa and Wu. The manuscript was written by Terasawa and Schmerold, along with Macaulay, and revised by all the authors. A portion of the current research was presented in poster format at the 2106 American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, which took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, on April 15-21, 2016.

Did opening of the South China Sea impact development of the Asian Monsoon? Results from Oligocene microfossils, IODP Site U1435, northern South China Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulhanek, Denise K.; Su, Xin; Li, Qianyu; Gregory, Mitch; Warny, Sophie; Clift, Peter D.

2016-04-01

Development of the Asian Monsoon is linked to uplift of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau in the Cenozoic, with good evidence for a strong monsoon system by the late Oligocene to early Miocene (e.g., Guo et al., 2002; Clift et al., 2008). However, Licht et al. (2014) suggested the presence of an Asian Monsoon in the late Eocene. Recent scientific ocean drilling in the Indian Ocean and surrounding marginal seas gives us the opportunity to test this hypothesis with newly recovered Paleogene sediment cores. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349 to the South China Sea recovered a 30 m section of primarily lower Oligocene nannofossil-rich claystone at Site U1435, located near the northern continent/ocean boundary. A thick sandstone unit devoid of typical marine microfossils underlies the marine claystone. The sandstone is interpreted as a deltaic or restricted marine deposit and is dated to the Eocene based on the presence of organic-walled palynomorphs, suggesting that a hiatus of several million years likely separates the sandstone below from the Oligocene marine claystone. This hiatus is interpreted as the breakup unconformity, with paleodepths in the South China Sea increasing during the Oligocene. Thus, this claystone should record if opening of the South China Sea during the early Oligocene influenced development of the Asian Monsoon. Combined calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy indicates that the 30 m section is primarily early Oligocene in age (~33.5-30 Ma) and was deposited on the middle slope, with paleodepths >500 m. Stable oxygen isotopes from planktonic foraminifers become heavier up-hole, suggestive of cooling/deepening in the region, whereas carbon isotopes record variable conditions with no distinct maxima or minima. Calcareous nannoplankton primarily live in the upper 50 m of the ocean and are sensitive to sea-surface temperature and nutrient conditions, thus making them useful recorders of paleoceanographic

Bitumen workers handling mastic versus rolled asphalt in a tunnel: assessment of exposure and biomarkers of irritation and genotoxicity.

PubMed

Raulf-Heimsoth, Monika; Marczynski, Boleslaw; Spickenheuer, Anne; Pesch, Beate; Welge, Peter; Rühl, Reinhold; Bramer, Rainer; Kendzia, Benjamin; Heinze, Evelyn; Angerer, Jürgen; Brüning, Thomas

2011-06-01

Emission levels of vapours and aerosols of bitumen are different when processing rolled asphalt compared to mastic asphalt, with working temperatures up to 180 and 250°C, respectively. During the Human Bitumen Study, we examined six workers handling rolled asphalt and mastic asphalt in two consecutive weeks at the same construction site in a tunnel. In addition to the determination of exposure to bitumen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during shift, we examined urinary PAH metabolites, irritative and genotoxic effects before and after shift. Median personal shift concentration of vapours and aerosols of bitumen was 1.8 (range 0.9-2.4) mg/m(3) during the application of rolled asphalt and 7.9 (range 4.9-11.9) mg/m(3) when mastic asphalt was applied. Area measurement of vapours and aerosols of bitumen revealed higher concentrations than the personal measurements for mastic asphalt (mastic asphalt: 34.9 mg/m(3); rolled asphalt: 1.8 mg/m(3)). Processing mastic asphalt was associated also with higher PAH concentrations. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and the sum of 1-, 2+ 9-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene increased slightly during shift without clear difference between mastic and rolled asphalt application. However, the post-shift urinary PAH-metabolite concentrations did not reflect the different PAH exposure during mastic and rolled asphalt application. Individual workers could be identified by their spirometry results indicating that these data reflect more chronic than acute effects. In most cases, an increase of 8-oxodGuo adducts was observed during shift that was independent of the asphalt application. 8-oxodGuo and (+)-anti-BPDE-DNA adducts were higher than in exposed workers of the Human Bitumen Study independent of the asphalt application. The DNA-strand breaks were considerably higher pre-shift and decreased during shift. In this study, mastic asphalt application led to significantly higher exposure to vapours and aerosols of bitumen, as well as to airborne

Present mantle flow in North China Craton constrained by seismic anisotropy and numerical modelling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qu, W.; Guo, Z.; Zhang, H.; Chen, Y. J.

2017-12-01

North China Carton (NCC) has undergone complicated geodynamic processes during the Cenozoic, including the westward subduction of the Pacific plate to its east and the collision of the India-Eurasia plates to its southwest. Shear wave splitting measurements in NCC reveal distinct seismic anisotropy patterns at different tectonic blocks, that is, the predominantly NW-SE trending alignment of fast directions in the western NCC and eastern NCC, weak anisotropy within the Ordos block, and N-S fast polarization beneath the Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO). To better understand the origin of seismic anisotropy from SKS splitting in NCC, we obtain a high-resolution dynamic model that absorbs multi-geophysical observations and state-of-the-art numerical methods. We calculate the mantle flow using a most updated version of software ASPECT (Kronbichler et al., 2012) with high-resolution temperature and density structures from a recent 3-D thermal-chemical model by Guo et al. (2016). The thermal-chemical model is obtained by multi-observable probabilistic inversion using high-quality surface wave measurements, potential fields, topography, and surface heat flow (Guo et al., 2016). The viscosity is then estimated by combining the dislocation creep, diffusion creep, and plasticity, which is depended on temperature, pressure, and chemical composition. Then we calculate the seismic anisotropy from the shear deformation of mantle flow by DREX, and predict the fast direction and delay time of SKS splitting. We find that when complex boundary conditions are applied, including the far field effects of the deep subduction of Pacific plate and eastward escaping of Tibetan Plateau, our model can successfully predict the observed shear wave splitting patterns. Our model indicates that seismic anisotropy revealed by SKS is primarily resulting from the LPO of olivine due to the shear deformation from asthenospheric flow. We suggest that two branches of mantle flow may contribute to the

A heuristic approach to handle capacitated facility location problem evaluated using clustering internal evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sutanto, G. R.; Kim, S.; Kim, D.; Sutanto, H.

2018-03-01

One of the problems in dealing with capacitated facility location problem (CFLP) is occurred because of the difference between the capacity numbers of facilities and the number of customers that needs to be served. A facility with small capacity may result in uncovered customers. These customers need to be re-allocated to another facility that still has available capacity. Therefore, an approach is proposed to handle CFLP by using k-means clustering algorithm to handle customers’ allocation. And then, if customers’ re-allocation is needed, is decided by the overall average distance between customers and the facilities. This new approach is benchmarked to the existing approach by Liao and Guo which also use k-means clustering algorithm as a base idea to decide the facilities location and customers’ allocation. Both of these approaches are benchmarked by using three clustering evaluation methods with connectedness, compactness, and separations factors.

Quantum and classical dynamics of water dissociation on Ni(111): A test of the site-averaging model in dissociative chemisorption of polyatomic molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Bin; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026; Guo, Hua, E-mail: hguo@unm.edu

Recently, we reported the first highly accurate nine-dimensional global potential energy surface (PES) for water interacting with a rigid Ni(111) surface, built on a large number of density functional theory points [B. Jiang and H. Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 166101 (2015)]. Here, we investigate site-specific reaction probabilities on this PES using a quasi-seven-dimensional quantum dynamical model. It is shown that the site-specific reactivity is largely controlled by the topography of the PES instead of the barrier height alone, underscoring the importance of multidimensional dynamics. In addition, the full-dimensional dissociation probability is estimated by averaging fixed-site reaction probabilities with appropriatemore » weights. To validate this model and gain insights into the dynamics, additional quasi-classical trajectory calculations in both full and reduced dimensions have also been performed and important dynamical factors such as the steering effect are discussed.« less

Advances in nanopore sensing promises to transform healthcare.

PubMed

Haque, Farzin; Wang, Shaoying; Wu, Taoxiang; Guo, Peixuan

2017-08-01

International Conference on Nanopore Technology (Shenzhen), 30 March-1 April 2017, Shenzhen, China The International Conference on Nanopore Technology (Shenzhen) was held from 30 March to 1 April 2017 in Shenzhen, China. The goal of the meeting was threefold: leverage the unique properties of nanopore technology to promote transformative advances in medicine, encourage cross-disciplinary collaborations in the research community within China and abroad; and discuss critical challenges that need to be addressed to rapidly advance the field. The meeting was chaired by Peixuan Guo, Endowed chair professor and Director of The Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine at The Ohio State University, USA and co-chaired by Xian-En Zhang, distinguished professor of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. The conference was attended by more than 300 academic researchers, hospital administrators, government leaders and scientists from many disciplines across the country from both academic institutions and industry.

Female Gynecologists and Their Birth Control Clinics: Eugenics in Practice in 1920s-1930s China.

PubMed

David, Mirela

2018-01-01

Yang Chao Buwei, the first Chinese translator of Margaret Sanger's What Every Girl Should Know, was the first female gynecologist to open up a birth control clinic in China. By the 1930s, other female gynecologists, like Guo Taihua, had internalized and combined national and eugenic concerns of race regeneration to focus on the control of women's reproduction. This symbiosis between racial regeneration and birth control is best seen in Yang Chongrui's integration of birth control into her national hygiene program. This article traces the efforts of pioneer gynecologists in giving contraceptive advice at their birth control clinics, which they framed as a humanitarian effort to ease the reproductive burden of working-class women. It also examines their connections with Sanger's international birth control movement, and their advocacy of contraception as practitioners, translators, and educators. The author argues that these Chinese female gynecologists not only borrowed, but adapted, Western scientific knowledge to Chinese social conditions through their writings and translations and in their clinical work.

Analysis of Tube Free Hydroforming using an Inverse Approach with FLD-based Adjustment of Process Parameters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Ba Nghiep; Johnson, Kenneth I.; Khaleel, Mohammad A.

2003-04-01

This paper employs an inverse approach (IA) formulation for the analysis of tubes under free hydroforming conditions. The IA formulation is derived from that of Guo et al. established for flat sheet hydroforming analysis using constant strain triangular membrane elements. At first, an incremental analysis of free hydroforming for a hot-dip galvanized (HG/Z140) DP600 tube is performed using the finite element Marc code. The deformed geometry obtained at the last converged increment is then used as the final configuration in the inverse analysis. This comparative study allows us to assess the predicting capability of the inverse analysis. The results willmore » be compared with the experimental values determined by Asnafi and Skogsgardh. After that, a procedure based on a forming limit diagram (FLD) is proposed to adjust the process parameters such as the axial feed and internal pressure. Finally, the adjustment process is illustrated through a re-analysis of the same tube using the inverse approach« less

Volvo CE to expand driveline components and introduce new loader concept at bauma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

2007-04-15

This suppliers news report includes a description of Volvo CE's Graphic wheel loader which uses an electric hybrid power sources and is almost emissions free. Simulator training technology is proving its usefulness in establishing higher safety levels in the mining industry. Immersive Technologies Advanced Equipment training simulators are being used to train students at the Academy for Mine Training and Energy Technology in West Virginia. Geo-Explorer core drills manufactured by Multi-Power Products Ltd. of Canada have been purchased by the Pan African Mining Corp. One is to be assigned to the company's coal program where an extensive exploration program ismore » underway in the Sakoa area in Madagascar. A joint venture agreement has been announced between iPackets International and China's Henan YongAn Investment Guarantee Co. and China Coal Information Institute. Under the name GuoAn Mine Safety Communication System, iPacket's wireless communications software and equipment will be deployed in China's mining industry. 3 photos.« less

Luminescent threat: toxicity of light stick attractors used in pelagic fishery

PubMed Central

de Oliveira, Tiago Franco; da Silva, Amanda Lucila Medeiros; de Moura, Rafaela Alves; Bagattini, Raquel; de Oliveira, Antonio Anax Falcão; de Medeiros, Marisa Helena Gennari; Di Mascio, Paolo; de Arruda Campos, Ivan Pérsio; Barretto, Fabiano Prado; Bechara, Etelvino José Henriques; de Melo Loureiro, Ana Paula

2014-01-01

Light sticks (LS) are sources of chemiluminescence commonly used in pelagic fishery, where hundreds are discarded and reach the shores. Residents from fishing villages report an improper use of LS contents on the skin. Given the scarce information regarding LS toxicity, the effects of LS solutions in cell cultures were evaluated herein. Loss of viability, cell cycle changes and DNA fragmentation were observed in HepG2 cell line and skin fibroblasts. A non-cytotoxic LS concentration increased the occurrence of the mutagenic lesion 1,N6-εdAdo in HepG2 DNA by three-fold. Additionally, in vitro incubations of spent LS contents with DNA generated dGuo-LS adducts, whose structure elucidation revealed the presence of a reactive chlorinated product. In conclusion, the LS contents were found to be highly cyto- and genotoxic. Our data indicate an urgent need for LS waste management guidelines and for adequate information regarding toxic outcomes that may arise from human exposure. PMID:24942522

Can 'distant water … quench the instant thirst'? The renegotiation of familial support in rural China in the face of extensive out migration.

PubMed

Cook, Joanne; Liu, Jieyu

2016-04-01

This article addresses debates on modernisation, ageing and intergenerational support in developing/emerging economies. By examining the impact of rural to urban migration on elder support in Chinese rural families, it examines how support is being renegotiated and the implications this holds for experiences of growing older. It is positioned critically within the Chinese rural families literature, both drawing on research that reveals the continued influence of familial culture (Silverstein 2009; Lin and Yi 2011, 2013; Guo, Chi and Silverstein 2011) while arguing that this research has under-examined the strain this places on rural families, emerging conflicts and the potentially negative implications for gender and ageing. A gendered intergenerational lens is adopted to examine how generations experience and interpret these changes in the form and delivery of intergenerational support. The article focuses on the experiences and lives of the older parents, and older women in particular, to address some of the oversights in existing literature. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure-based membrane dome mechanism for Piezo mechanosensitivity.

PubMed

Guo, Yusong R; MacKinnon, Roderick

2017-12-12

Mechanosensitive ion channels convert external mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals for critical processes including touch sensation, balance, and cardiovascular regulation. The best understood mechanosensitive channel, MscL, opens a wide pore, which accounts for mechanosensitive gating due to in-plane area expansion. Eukaryotic Piezo channels have a narrow pore and therefore must capture mechanical forces to control gating in another way. We present a cryo-EM structure of mouse Piezo1 in a closed conformation at 3.7Å-resolution. The channel is a triskelion with arms consisting of repeated arrays of 4-TM structural units surrounding a pore. Its shape deforms the membrane locally into a dome. We present a hypothesis in which the membrane deformation changes upon channel opening. Quantitatively, membrane tension will alter gating energetics in proportion to the change in projected area under the dome. This mechanism can account for highly sensitive mechanical gating in the setting of a narrow, cation-selective pore. © 2017, Guo et al.

RETRACTED: Flap side edge noise modeling and prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Yueping

2013-08-01

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the first author because of the overlap with previously published papers. The first author takes full responsibility and sincerely apologizes for the error made.This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.The article duplicates significant parts of an earlier paper by the same author, published in AIAA (Y.P. Guo, Aircraft flap side edge noise modeling and prediction. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (2011), 10.2514/6.2011-2731). Prior to republication, conference papers should be comprehensively extended, and re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Disruption of a stem-loop structure located upstream of pseudoknot domain in Tobacco mosaic virus enhanced its infectivity and viral RNA accumulation.

PubMed

Guo, Song; Wong, Sek-Man

2018-06-01

A predicted stem-loop structure of 25 nucleotides, located in the coat protein (CP) gene and 3'-UTR sequences of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), was validated previously (Guo et al., 2015). In this study, both disrupted stem-loop and nucleotide deletion mutants of TMV replicated more rapidly in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. The TMV mutant with a complete mirrored stem-loop structure showed similar level of viral RNA accumulation as TMV. Recovering the stem-loop structure also resulted in a similar replication level as TMV. All these mutants induced necrosis in N. benthamiana and assembled into typical rigid rod-shaped virions. TMV mutant without the stem-loop structure induced more local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa. When the putative stem-loop structure in Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was disrupted, the mutant also showed an enhanced virus replication. This suggests that the stem-loop structure of TMV is a new cis-acting element with a role in virus replication. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reconstruction of an effective magnon mean free path distribution from spin Seebeck measurements in thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chavez-Angel, E.; Zarate, R. A.; Fuentes, S.; Guo, E. J.; Kläui, M.; Jakob, G.

2017-01-01

A thorough understanding of the mean-free-path (MFP) distribution of the energy carriers is crucial to engineer and tune the transport properties of materials. In this context, a significant body of work has investigated the phonon and electron MFP distribution, however, similar studies of the magnon MFP distribution have not been carried out so far. In this work, we used thickness-dependence measurements of the longitudinal spin Seebeck (LSSE) effect of yttrium iron garnet films to reconstruct the cumulative distribution of a SSE related effective magnon MFP. By using the experimental data reported by (Guo et al 2016 Phys. Rev. X 6 031012), we adapted the phonon MFP reconstruction algorithm proposed by (Minnich 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 205901) and apply it to magnons. The reconstruction showed that magnons with different MFP contribute in different manner to the total LSSE and the effective magnon MFP distribution spreads far beyond their typical averaged values.

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Hf Isotopic Composition and Geological Implications of the Neoproterozoic Huashan Group in the Jingshan Area, Northern Yangtze Block, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Z.; Yang, K.

2015-12-01

In the northern Yangtze Block, a clear angular unconformity between the Mesoproterozoic sequences (e.g. Dagushi Group) and the overlying Neoproterozoic strata (e.g. Huashan Group) marks the the Jinning orogeny. A combined study of Lu-Hf isotopes and U-Pb ages for detrital zircons from Huashan Group can provide information on the crustal evolution of sedimentary provenances and the timing of the Jinning orogeny. Detrital zircons from Huashan Group have two major U-Pb age populations of about 2.0Ga, 2.65Ga, and three subordinate age groups of about 0.82Ga, 2.5Ga, 2.9Ga with minor >3.0Ga ages. The youngest five analyses yield a weighted average age of 816±9Ma, which is consistent with that of interlayered basalt (824±9Ma, Deng et al., 2013) and roughly defines the minimum depositional age of Huashan Group. Detrital zircons of Huashan Group mostly have two stage Hf isotope model ages (TDM2) between 3.0 to 3.3Ga, indicating that the northern Yangtze Block experienced significant continental crustal growth during the Paleo- to Meso-archean. Similar U-Pb ages of detrital zircons have been obtained from Precambrian sedimentary rocks in the northern Yangtze Block from previous studies (Liu et al., 2008; Guo et al., 2014 and references therein). Recently, ca. 2.65Ga A-type granites had been reported from the Kongling and Huji area, which likely record the thermally stable lithosphere (Chen et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2015). In combination with this study, it documents the widespread 2.6-2.7Ga magmatic rocks in the northern Yangtze Block. Zhao et al. (2013) demonstrated both the ca. 850Ma tonalite and trondhjemite of the Huangling igneous complex were formed in a continental arc setting. This suggests the Miaowan-Huashan oceanic basin proposed by Bader et al. (2013) has not been closed at ca. 850Ma. This evidence, together with the depositional age of the Huashan Group, indicates the Jinning orogeny took place at 850-820 Ma. [1] Bader et al., 2013 Tectonics [2] Deng et al

Evaluating The Reliability of Point Estimates of Wetland Evaporation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gavin, H.; Agnew, C. T.

The Penman-Monteith formulation of evaporation has been criticised for its reliance upon point estimates raising concerns that areal estimates of wetland evaporation based upon single weather stations can be misleading. Typically wetlands are composed of a complex mosaic of land cover types each of which can produce different evaporative rates. The need to account for wetland patches when monitoring hydrological fluxes has been noted, while Morton (1983) has long argued for a fundamentally different approach to the calculation of regional evaporation. This paper presents the work carried out at wet grassland in Southern England that was monitored with several automatic weather stations (AWS) and a bowen ratio station to investigate microclimate variations. The significance of fetch was examined using the approach adopted by Gash (1986) based upon surface roughness to estimate the fraction of evaporation sensed from a specific distance upwind of the monitoring station. This theoretical analysis reveals that the fraction of evaporation contributed by the surrounding area steadily increases to a value of 77% at a distance of 224m and thereafter declines rapidly, under stable atmospheric conditions. Thus point climate observations may not reflect surface conditions at greater distances. This result was tested through the deployment offour AWS around the wetland. The data yielded a different response, suggesting that homogeneous conditions prevailed and the central AWS did provide reliable areal estimates of evaporation. The apparent contradiction is a result of not accounting for wind speeds found in wetlands that lead to widespread atmospheric mixing. These findings are typical of moist conditions whereas for example Guo and Scheupp (1994) found that a patchwork of dry fields and wet ditches, characteristic of the study site in summer, could produce differences of up to 50% in evaporation. The paper will also present the initial results of an investigation of the role

Technology Education and Technology Teacher Education in Taiwan, R.O.C. = Zhong Hua Min Guo Ke Ji Jiao Yu Ji qi shi zi Jiao Yu.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Lung-Sheng Steven; Wang, Cheng-Pin Peter; Wang, Yen-chao; Shih, Neng-Mu; Yeh, Chung-ching

Technology education in Taiwan begins with craft work at the elementary school level, and the most important point is the practical application. All junior high school students are required to take the Living Technology course. Content includes technology and life, information and communication, construction and manufacturing, and energy and…

Ke Wang, a Chinese television soap opera with a message.

PubMed

Wang, M; Singhal, A

1992-01-01

The Chinese soap opera, Ke Wang, was created by Li Xiaoming between August 1989 and June 1990 and produced at a cost of US$4650 per episode. The characters were drawn from everyday ordinary Chinese life: a traditional and open-minded and caring woman, a typical mother who works hard and loves her children, a highly educated upwardly mobile man who divorces his wife, a professor criticized during the Cultural Revolution, a doctor prejudiced against ordinary people, a kind honest man who marries the divorcee, a friend of the divorcee, a man who is optimistic in spite of bad experiences during the Cultural Revolution, and an excellent medical doctor who also resolves conflicts. The program was very popular, even among Communists, because of its value-based content, the real-life nature of the show, the change from highly restricted programming, the elaborate and supportive media coverage, and dialogue which closely matches audience preferences. The show has been aired by over 100 stations to date and has reached a total estimated audience of 550 million. The sale of television sets has increased since the show's appearance. The script reflects the conflicts between traditional and modern Chinese values. Pro-social values and behaviors are learned from the role models depicted; examples are given of immediate social impact. Ke Wang was a by-product of the Beijing Television Arts Center's interest in designing television programs that are relevant to the lives of ordinary people. The 60-minute scripts dealt with issues such as the status of women, social morality, family harmony, class conflict, responsible parenthood, maintenance of traditional culture, volunteerism, child development, and coping with physical disability. The Chinese government hailed Ke Wang as model television and awarded US$20,000 in prize money to the producers. The Chinese government is planning to produce other entertainment-education soap operas, which raises the problem of blatant, political

Communication: An accurate global potential energy surface for the ground electronic state of ozone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dawes, Richard, E-mail: dawesr@mst.edu, E-mail: hguo@unm.edu; Lolur, Phalgun; Li, Anyang

We report a new full-dimensional and global potential energy surface (PES) for the O + O{sub 2} → O{sub 3} ozone forming reaction based on explicitly correlated multireference configuration interaction (MRCI-F12) data. It extends our previous [R. Dawes, P. Lolur, J. Ma, and H. Guo, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 081102 (2011)] dynamically weighted multistate MRCI calculations of the asymptotic region which showed the widely found submerged reef along the minimum energy path to be the spurious result of an avoided crossing with an excited state. A spin-orbit correction was added and the PES tends asymptotically to the recently developed long-rangemore » electrostatic model of Lepers et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 234305 (2012)]. This PES features: (1) excellent equilibrium structural parameters, (2) good agreement with experimental vibrational levels, (3) accurate dissociation energy, and (4) most-notably, a transition region without a spurious reef. The new PES is expected to allow insight into the still unresolved issues surrounding the kinetics, dynamics, and isotope signature of ozone.« less

Analysis of Tube Hydroforming by means of an Inverse Approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Ba Nghiep; Johnson, Kenneth I.; Khaleel, Mohammad A.

2003-05-01

This paper presents a computational tool for the analysis of freely hydroformed tubes by means of an inverse approach. The formulation of the inverse method developed by Guo et al. is adopted and extended to the tube hydrofoming problems in which the initial geometry is a round tube submitted to hydraulic pressure and axial feed at the tube ends (end-feed). A simple criterion based on a forming limit diagram is used to predict the necking regions in the deformed workpiece. Although the developed computational tool is a stand-alone code, it has been linked to the Marc finite element code formore » meshing and visualization of results. The application of the inverse approach to tube hydroforming is illustrated through the analyses of the aluminum alloy AA6061-T4 seamless tubes under free hydroforming conditions. The results obtained are in good agreement with those issued from a direct incremental approach. However, the computational time in the inverse procedure is much less than that in the incremental method.« less

Beauty and cuteness in peripheral vision

PubMed Central

Kuraguchi, Kana; Ashida, Hiroshi

2015-01-01

Guo et al. (2011) showed that attractiveness was detectable in peripheral vision. Since there are different types of attractiveness (Rhodes, 2006), we investigated how beauty and cuteness are detected in peripheral vision with a brief presentation. Participants (n = 45) observed two Japanese female faces for 100 ms, then were asked to respond which face was more beautiful (or cuter). The results indicated that both beauty and cuteness were detectable in peripheral vision, but not in the same manner. Discrimination rates for judging beauty were invariant in peripheral and central vision, while discrimination rates for judging cuteness declined in peripheral vision as compared with central vision. This was not explained by lower resolution in peripheral vision. In addition, for male participants, it was more difficult to judge cuteness than beauty in peripheral vision, thus suggesting that gender differences can have a certain effect when judging cuteness. Therefore, central vision might be suitable for judging cuteness while judging beauty might not be affected by either central or peripheral vision. This might be related with the functional difference between beauty and cuteness. PMID:25999883

Low-energy electron diffraction study of Si(111)-(√3x √3)R30∘ -B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marino, K. E.; Huang, Y. T.; Diehl, R. D.; Tu, Weison; Mulugeta, Daniel; Snijders, P. C.; Weitering, H. H.

2014-03-01

Metal-semiconductor interfaces are important for the function and manufacture of advanced electronics, such as those used in computers, tablets and phones. They also exhibit many interesting physical phenomena that are interesting from a fundamental point of view, including exotic phases and phase transitions. This study involves the analysis and modeling of the surface structure of a thin film of boron on the Si(111) surface. The addition of metal atoms to the surface of Si(111) simplifies its structure by removing a ``rippling'' that is present on the clean surface. The low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) data were measured at a surface temperature of 80 K at ORNL. The LEED analysis utilized the SATLEED analysis programs. The results are similar to those obtained in an earlier LEED study for this interface, but the precision is higher due to the larger dataset employed., The results of this study will be compared to other studies of this and similar systems. We acknowledge the Eberly College of Science for funding this project. González, Guo, Ortega, Flores, Weitering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 115501 (2009)

VizieR Online Data Catalog: LAMOST-Kepler MKCLASS spectral classification (Gray+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; De Cat, P.; Fu, J. N.; Ren, A. B.; Shi, J. R.; Luo, A. L.; Zhang, H. T.; Wu, Y.; Cao, Z.; Li, G.; Zhang, Y.; Hou, Y.; Wang, Y.

2016-07-01

The data for the LAMOST-Kepler project are supplied by the Large Sky Area Multi Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also known as the Guo Shou Jing Telescope). This unique astronomical instrument is located at the Xinglong observatory in China, and combines a large aperture (4 m) telescope with a 5° circular field of view (Wang et al. 1996ApOpt..35.5155W). Our role in this project is to supply accurate two-dimensional spectral types for the observed targets. The large number of spectra obtained for this project (101086) makes traditional visual classification techniques impractical, so we have utilized the MKCLASS code to perform these classifications. The MKCLASS code (Gray & Corbally 2014AJ....147...80G, v1.07 http://www.appstate.edu/~grayro/mkclass/), an expert system designed to classify blue-violet spectra on the MK Classification system, was employed to produce the spectral classifications reported in this paper. MKCLASS was designed to reproduce the steps skilled human classifiers employ in the classification process. (2 data files).

Mechanics without Muscles: Fast Motion of the Venus flytrap and Bio-inspired Robotics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zi; Guo, Qiaohang; Zheng, Huang; Li, Wei; Ding, Yiting; Su, Guiping; Lin, Junjie; Liu, Yuxin; Chen, Wenzhe; Taber, Larry

2013-03-01

The rapid motion of plants has intrigued scientists for centuries. Plants have neither nerves nor muscles, yet the Venus flytrap can move in a fraction of a second to capture insects. Darwin did a first systematic study on the trap closure mechanism, and called this plant ``one of the most wonderful in the world''. Several physical mechanisms have since been proposed, such as the rapid loss of turgor pressure, an irreversible acid-induced wall loosening mechanism, and tsnap-through instability, but no unanimous agreement is reached. We propose a coupled mechanical bistable mechanism that explains the rapid closure of the Venus flytrap, consistent with experimental observations. Such bistable behaviors are theoretically modeled and validated with experiments. Biomimetic flytrap robots are also fabricated according to the learnt principles. It is thus promising to design smart bio-mimetic materials and devices with snapping mechanisms as sensors, actuators, artificial muscles and biomedical devices. Zi Chen and Qiaohang Guo contributed equally. We thank National Science Foundation of China (No. 11102040), American Academy of Mechanics Founder's Award and Society in Science-Branco Weiss fellowship.

The determination of extinction coefficient of CuInS2, and ZnCuInS3 multinary nanocrystals.

PubMed

Qin, Lei; Li, Dongze; Zhang, Zhuolei; Wang, Kefei; Ding, Hong; Xie, Renguo; Yang, Wensheng

2012-10-21

A pioneering work for determining the extinction coefficient of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) has been cited over 1500 times (W. Yu, W. Guo, X. G. Peng, Chem. Mater., 2003, 15, 2854-2860), indicating the importance of calculating NC concentration for further research and applications. In this study, the size-dependent nature of the molar extinction coefficient of "greener" CuInS(2) and ZnCuInS(3) NCs with emission covering the whole visible to near infrared (NIR) is presented. With the increase of NC size, the resulting quantitative values of the extinction coefficients of ternary CuInS(2) and quaternary ZnCuInS(3) NCs are found to follow a power function with exponents of 2.1 and 2.5, respectively. Obviously, a larger value of extinction coefficient is observed in quaternary NCs for the same size of particles. The difference of the extinction coefficient from both samples is clearly demonstrated due to incorporating ZnS with a much larger extinction coefficient into CuInS(2) NCs.

The negative cell cycle regulator, Tob (transducer of ErbB-2), is involved in motor skill learning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Xinming; Shanghai Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031; Gao Xiang

Tob (transducer of ErbB-2) is a negative cell cycle regulator with anti-proliferative activity in peripheral tissues. Our previous study identified Tob as a protein involved in hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation (M.L. Jin, X.M. Wang, Y.Y. Tu, X.H. Zhang, X. Gao, N. Guo, Z.Q. Xie, G.P. Zhao, N.H. Jing, B.M. Li, Y.Yu, The negative cell cycle regulator, Tob (Transducer of ErbB-2), is a multifunctional protein involved in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, Neuroscience 131 (2005) 647-659). Here, we provide evidence that Tob in the central nervous system is engaged in acquisition of motor skill. Tob has a relatively high expression in the cerebellum.more » Tob expression is up-regulated in the cerebellum after rats receive training on a rotarod-running task. Rats infused with Tob antisense oligonucleotides into the 4th ventricle exhibit a severe deficit in running on a rotating rod or walking across a horizontally elevated beam.« less

High β effects on cosmic ray streaming in galaxy clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiener, Joshua; Zweibel, Ellen G.; Oh, S. Peng

2018-01-01

Diffuse, extended radio emission in galaxy clusters, commonly referred to as radio haloes, indicate the presence of high energy cosmic ray (CR) electrons and cluster-wide magnetic fields. We can predict from theory the expected surface brightness of a radio halo, given magnetic field and CR density profiles. Previous studies have shown that the nature of CR transport can radically effect the expected radio halo emission from clusters (Wiener, Oh & Guo 2013). Reasonable levels of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave damping can lead to significant CR streaming speeds. But a careful treatment of MHD waves in a high β plasma, as expected in cluster environments, reveals damping rates may be enhanced by a factor of β1/2. This leads to faster CR streaming and lower surface brightnesses than without this effect. In this work, we re-examine the simplified, 1D Coma cluster simulations (with radial magnetic fields) of Wiener et al. (2013) and discuss observable consequences of this high β damping. Future work is required to study this effect in more realistic simulations.

Conformational Analysis of Retinoic Acids: Effects of Steric Interactions on Nonplanar Conjugated Polyenes.

PubMed

Cox, Bryan D; Muccio, Donald D; Hamilton, Tracy P

2013-05-01

Retinoic acids and other vitamin A analogs contain a trimethylcyclohexenyl ring in conjugation with a polyene chain joined at carbon-6 (C6) and carbon-7 (C7). A MP2-SCS/cc-pVDZ// B3LYP/6-31G(d) 2-D potential energy surface was computed for all- trans retinoic acid, which had 6 minima (3 enantiomeric pairs). The global minima were distorted s-gauche enantiomers ( 6-7 = 53°) with half-chair conformations of the ring. Distorted s-gauche enantiomers ( 6-7 = 55°) with inverted half-chair ring conformations were 1.7 kJ/mol above the global minima. The s-trans enantiomers ( 6-7 = 164°) were 11.3 kJ/mol above the global minima. Steric energies were computed by the method of Guo and Karplus to identify key structural elements in retinoic acids which determines their conformation. Small molecule crystal structures in the CCDC database with trimethylcyclohexenyl ring and exocyclic double bonds have ring-chain geometries near to one of the 6 energy minima of retinoic acids, except for retinaldehyde iminium cations.

Comment on ;First experimental determination of the solubility constant of coffinite; [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 181 (2016) 36-53

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konings, R. J. M.; Plyasunov, A.

2017-09-01

Coffinite - USiO4 - is a key mineral for the modelling of the chemistry of uranium in silica-rich rocks. It is of particular interest for the modelling of the final storage of used nuclear fuel in deep geological respositories, as coffinite may be the solubility-controlling solid phase for uranium. This was extensively discussed by Szenknect et al. (2016) in a recent publication of the determination of the solubility constant of coffinite. The availability of pure USiO4 samples made it possible for the first time to accurately determine the solubility of this phase in aqueous solution (under-saturated conditions with respect to silica in 0.1 mol L-1 HCl). The study by Szenknect et al. (2016) is very extensive and in combination with the calorimetric determination of the enthalpy of formation of USiO4 from the same material batch (Guo et al., 2015), allows a re-assessment of the thermodynamic properties of this phase, revising the values from the OECD/NEA review in 1992 (Grenthe et al., 1992) that were based on estimated values for the Gibbs energy of formation of USiO4 by Brookins (1975) and the standard entropy by Langmuir (1978).

Topological study of diverse hydrogen-bonded patterns found in a system of a nickel(II) complex and the sulfate anion.

PubMed

Harvey, Miguel Angel; Suarez, Sebastián; Zolotarev, Pavel N; Proserpio, Davide M; Baggio, Ricardo

2018-03-01

A nickel(II) coordination complex, bis[2,6-bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN 3 )pyridine-κN]nickel(II) sulfate, [Ni(C 19 H 13 N 5 ) 2 ]SO 4 or [Ni(H 2 L) 2 ]SO 4 , having four peripheral tetrahedrally oriented N-H donor units, combines with sulfate bridges to create hydrogen-bonded structures of varied dimensionality. The three crystal structures reported herein in the space groups P2 1 2 1 2 1 , I-4 and Pccn are defined solely by strong charge-assisted N-H...O hydrogen bonds and contain disordered guests (water and dimethylformamide) that vary in size, shape and degree of hydrophilicity. Two of the compounds are channelled solids with three-dimensional structures, while the third is one-dimensional in nature. In spite of their differences, all three present a striking resemblance to the previously reported anhydrous relative [Guo et al. (2011). Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. 27, 1517-1520], which is considered as the reference framework from which all three title compounds are derived. The hydrogen-bonded frameworks are described and compared using crystallographic and topological approaches.

[Textual research on Guang dong xin yu (New Sayings of Guangdong) quoted in Ben cao gang mu shi yi (Supplements to Compendium of Materia Medica].

PubMed

Zhang, Ruixian; Zhang, Wei; Li, Jian; Liang, Fei

2014-05-01

Altogether 15 terms for Guang dong xin yu (New Sayings of Guangdong) were used in Ben cao gang mu shi yi (Supplements to Compendium of Materia Medica), including Yue yu (Cantonese sayings), Chong yu (Sayings from Insect Drug), Jie yu (Sayings from Crustacean Drug), Xin yu (New Sayings), Yue hai xiang yu (Fragrant Sayings from Cantonese Region), Yue zhi mu yu (Sayings from Plants in Cantonese Annals), Guang dong suo yu (Trivial Sayings from Guangdong), Yue shan lu (Records of Cantonese Mountains), Yue lu (Cantonese Records), Jiao guang lu (Joint Guangdong Records), Yue cao zhi (Records of Cantonese Grasses), Guang guo lu (Records of Guangdong Fruits), Nan yue suo ji (Trivial Records of Southern Canton), Guang zhi (Guangdong Records), Yue zhi (Cantonese Records) etc. dealing with 57 sorts of drugs (with individual overlapping ones), the author of Xin yu was Qu Dajun, a surviving fogy of the Ming Dynasty actively involved in the activities to restore the old dynasty and resist the Qing Dynasty, and was persecuted in the literary inquisition in which his works were burnt so that Zhao Xuemin, when quoting his texts, had to go in a roundabout way.

Counterfactual quantum cryptography based on weak coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Zhen-Qiang; Li, Hong-Wei; Yao, Yao; Zhang, Chun-Mei; Wang, Shuang; Chen, Wei; Guo, Guang-Can; Han, Zheng-Fu

2012-08-01

In the “counterfactual quantum cryptography” scheme [T.-G. Noh, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.103.230501 103, 230501 (2009)], two legitimate distant peers may share secret-key bits even when the information carriers do not travel in the quantum channel. The security of this protocol with an ideal single-photon source has been proved by Yin [Z.-Q. Yin, H. W. Li, W. Chen, Z. F. Han, and G. C. Guo, Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.82.042335 82, 042335 (2010)]. In this paper, we prove the security of the counterfactual-quantum-cryptography scheme based on a commonly used weak-coherent-laser source by considering a general collective attack. The basic assumption of this proof is that the efficiency and dark-counting rate of a single-photon detector are consistent for any n-photon Fock states. Then through randomizing the phases of the encoding weak coherent states, Eve's ancilla will be transformed into a classical mixture. Finally, the lower bound of the secret-key-bit rate and a performance analysis for the practical implementation are both given.

Generalizations of the classical Yang-Baxter equation and O-operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Chengming; Guo, Li; Ni, Xiang

2011-06-01

Tensor solutions (r-matrices) of the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE) in a Lie algebra, obtained as the classical limit of the R-matrix solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation, is an important structure appearing in different areas such as integrable systems, symplectic geometry, quantum groups, and quantum field theory. Further study of CYBE led to its interpretation as certain operators, giving rise to the concept of {O}-operators. The O-operators were in turn interpreted as tensor solutions of CYBE by enlarging the Lie algebra [Bai, C., "A unified algebraic approach to the classical Yang-Baxter equation," J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40, 11073 (2007)], 10.1088/1751-8113/40/36/007. The purpose of this paper is to extend this study to a more general class of operators that were recently introduced [Bai, C., Guo, L., and Ni, X., "Nonabelian generalized Lax pairs, the classical Yang-Baxter equation and PostLie algebras," Commun. Math. Phys. 297, 553 (2010)], 10.1007/s00220-010-0998-7 in the study of Lax pairs in integrable systems. Relations between O-operators, relative differential operators, and Rota-Baxter operators are also discussed.

SAPS simulation with GITM/UCLA-RCM coupled model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Y.; Deng, Y.; Guo, J.; Zhang, D.; Wang, C. P.; Sheng, C.

2017-12-01

Abstract: SAPS simulation with GITM/UCLA-RCM coupled model Author: Yang Lu, Yue Deng, Jiapeng Guo, Donghe Zhang, Chih-Ping Wang, Cheng Sheng Ion velocity in the Sub Aurora region observed by Satellites in storm time often shows a significant westward component. The high speed westward stream is distinguished with convection pattern. These kind of events are called Sub Aurora Polarization Stream (SAPS). In March 17th 2013 storm, DMSP F18 satellite observed several SAPS cases when crossing Sub Aurora region. In this study, Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) has been coupled to UCLA-RCM model to simulate the impact of SAPS during March 2013 event on the ionosphere/thermosphere. The particle precipitation and electric field from RCM has been used to drive GITM. The conductance calculated from GITM has feedback to RCM to make the coupling to be self-consistent. The comparison of GITM simulations with different SAPS specifications will be conducted. The neutral wind from simulation will be compared with GOCE satellite. The comparison between runs with SAPS and without SAPS will separate the effect of SAPS from others and illustrate the impact on the TIDS/TADS propagating to both poleward and equatorward directions.

Extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations of field reversed configuration formation and sustainment with rotating magnetic field current drive

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milroy, R. D.; Kim, C. C.; Sovinec, C. R.

Three-dimensional simulations of field reversed configuration (FRC) formation and sustainment with rotating magnetic field (RMF) current drive have been performed with the NIMROD code [C. R. Sovinec et al., J. Comput. Phys. 195, 355 (2004)]. The Hall term is a zeroth order effect with strong coupling between Fourier components, and recent enhancements to the NIMROD preconditioner allow much larger time steps than was previously possible. Boundary conditions to capture the effects of a finite length RMF antenna have been added, and simulations of FRC formation from a uniform background plasma have been performed with parameters relevant to the translation, confinement,more » and sustainment-upgrade experiment at the University of Washington [H. Y. Guo, A. L. Hoffman, and R. D. Milroy, Phys. Plasmas 14, 112502 (2007)]. The effects of both even-parity and odd-parity antennas have been investigated, and there is no evidence of a disruptive instability for either antenna type. It has been found that RMF effects extend considerably beyond the ends of the antenna, and that a large n=0 B{sub t}heta can develop in the open-field line region, producing a back torque opposing the RMF.« less

Conformational Analysis of Retinoic Acids: Effects of Steric Interactions on Nonplanar Conjugated Polyenes

PubMed Central

Cox, Bryan D.; Muccio, Donald D.; Hamilton, Tracy P.

2013-01-01

Retinoic acids and other vitamin A analogs contain a trimethylcyclohexenyl ring in conjugation with a polyene chain joined at carbon-6 (C6) and carbon-7 (C7). A MP2-SCS/cc-pVDZ// B3LYP/6-31G(d) 2-D potential energy surface was computed for all-trans retinoic acid, which had 6 minima (3 enantiomeric pairs). The global minima were distorted s-gauche enantiomers (6–7 = 53°) with half-chair conformations of the ring. Distorted s-gauche enantiomers (6–7 = 55°) with inverted half-chair ring conformations were 1.7 kJ/mol above the global minima. The s-trans enantiomers (6–7 = 164°) were 11.3 kJ/mol above the global minima. Steric energies were computed by the method of Guo and Karplus to identify key structural elements in retinoic acids which determines their conformation. Small molecule crystal structures in the CCDC database with trimethylcyclohexenyl ring and exocyclic double bonds have ring-chain geometries near to one of the 6 energy minima of retinoic acids, except for retinaldehyde iminium cations. PMID:25798372

Extreme QCD 2012 (xQCD)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2013-04-01

university Nicholson, Amy University of Maryland Nishida, Yusuke Los Alamos National Laboratory Petreczky, Peter Brookhaven National Laboratory Sakai, Yuji RIKEN Sasaki, Takahiro Kyushu University Schmidt, Christian University of Bielefeld Scorzato, Luigi ECT* - Trento, Italy Shi, Zhifeng The College of William and Mary Shuryak, Edward Stony Brook University Skokov, Vladimir Brookhaven National Laboratory Strickland, Michael Gettysburg College Teaney, Derek Stony Brook University Wang, Qun University of Science and Technology of China Xu, Nu CCNU/LBNL Xu, Xiao-Ming Shanghai University Yamamoto, Naoki Institute for Nuclear Theory Conference photograph

An insight to the eruption mechanism of volcanic rocks in North Tibet: Project TITAN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, R.; Gao, R.; Li, Q.

2013-12-01

Since Cenozoic continent-continental collision between India and Asia [Yin and Harrison, 2000], many surface features happened within the plateau were prominent. As one of them, high-to-ultra potassic lavas of Neogene, even younger, are widely distributed in NW Tibet, as shown in Figure1. Obvious petrological and geochemical characteristics of those lavas [Turner et al., 1993; Deng et al., 1996; Hacker et al., 2000; Ding et al., 2003; Williams et al., 2004; Chung et al., 2005; Luo et al., 2006; Guo et al., 2006] were presumably associated with extensional collapse of the lithospheric mantle [Deng et al., 1998; Li et al., 2000; Ding et al., 2003; Williams et al., 2004; Chung et al., 2005; Luo et al., 2006; Guo et al., 2006], which started at about 4Ma [Yin et al., 1999] and still goes on [Lin et al., 2002]. (1) What kinetics happened within the lithosphere beneath the lava region since Late Neogene? (2) What kind of mechanism leads to the lava eruption, it is only the result of far-long effect of northward subduction of the India plate, or directly related to the south margin of the Asian lithosphere, or bilaterally affected by India and Asia plate, or other factors? (3) Why did the strong volcanic activities only wrecked the North Qiangtang terrane, Jinshajiang suture and Hoh Xil terrane, instead of going northward across Altyn Tagh Fault and East Kunlun? As is known, to reveal the scientific secret concealed in lavas within NW Tibet geophysical observations are very necessary and urgent. NW Tibet including North Qiangtang and Hoh Xil is a very tough region for human beings. The project for geophysical observatory in the region is named as TITAN. TITAN has currently made some great progress, such as 103 broadband Seismic observation stations were deployed along longitude 88.5E in recent 5 years, as shown in Figure 1. Some primary results were got, such as (1) P-velocity structure from teleseismic tomography around Shuanghu in central Qiangtang (Figure 2) showed

Processing temporal agreement in a tenseless language: an ERP study of Mandarin Chinese.

PubMed

Qiu, Yinchen; Zhou, Xiaolin

2012-03-29

Human languages are equipped with an impressive repertoire of time-encoding devices which vary significantly across different cultures. Previous research on temporal processing has focused on morphosyntactic processes in Indo-European languages. This study investigated the neural correlates of temporal processing in Mandarin Chinese, a language that is not morphologically marked for tense. In a sentence acceptability judgment task, we manipulated the agreement between semantically enriched temporal adverbs or a highly grammaticalized aspectual particle (-guo) and temporal noun phrases. Disagreement of both the temporal adverbs and the aspectual particle elicited a centro-parietal P600 effect in event-related potentials (ERPs) whereas only disagreeing temporal adverbs evoked an additional broadly distributed N400 effect. Moreover, a sustained negativity effect was observed on both the words following the critical ones and the last words in sentences with temporal disagreement. These results reveal both commonalities and differences between Chinese and Indo-European languages in temporal agreement processing. In particular, we demonstrate that temporal reference in Chinese relies on both lexical semantics and morphosyntactic processes and that the level of grammaticalization of linguistic devices representing similar temporal information is reflected in differential ERP responses. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First-Principles calculations of Piezoelectricity and Polarization Rotation in Pb(Zr_0.5Ti_0.5)O_3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zhigang; Krakauer, Henry

2002-03-01

Recent experimental and theoretical work [1-3] indicates that polarization rotation via a monoclinic phase at the morphotropic phase boundary in PZT [1-3] is responsible for its large piezoelectric response. We investigate this using the first-principles LAPW+LO method within the local density functional approximation. Calculated internal coordinates of monoclinic PZT(50/50) are in good agreement with PZT(52/48) experimental data [4]. Bulk spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric stress tensor elements of chemically ordered PbZr_1/2Ti_1/2O3 (PZT 50/50) are determined from relaxed ground-state Berry's phase calculations while constraining the symmetry to monoclinic Cm. Large piezoelectric response is found as the polarization rotates within the Cm mirror plane. These first-principles results show that polarization rotation can explain the large measured piezoelectric constants in ceramic PZT. * Supported by ONR. [1] H. Fu and Cohen, Nature 403, 281 (2000). [2] B. Noheda, D.E. Cox, G. Shirane, S-E. Park, L.E. Cross and Z. Zhong Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3891 (2001). [3] L. Bellaiche, A. Garcia and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5427 (2000). [4] B. Noheda, J.A. Gonzalo, L.E. Cross, R. Guo, S.-E. Park, D.E. Cox and G. Shirane, Phys. Rev. B 61, 8687 (2000).

Temperature-dependent kinetic measurements and quasi-classical trajectory studies for the OH(+) + H2/D2 → H2O(+)/HDO(+) + H/D reactions.

PubMed

Martinez, Oscar; Ard, Shaun G; Li, Anyang; Shuman, Nicholas S; Guo, Hua; Viggiano, Albert A

2015-09-21

We have measured the temperature-dependent kinetics for the reactions of OH(+) with H2 and D2 using a selected ion flow tube apparatus. Reaction occurs via atom abstraction to result in H2O(+)/HDO(+) + H/D. Room temperature rate coefficients are in agreement with prior measurements and resulting temperature dependences are T(0.11) for the hydrogen and T(0.25) for the deuterated reactions. This work is prompted in part by recent theoretical work that mapped a full-dimensional global potential energy surface of H3O(+) for the OH(+) + H2 → H + H2O(+) reaction [A. Li and H. Guo, J. Phys. Chem. A 118, 11168 (2014)], and reported results of quasi-classical trajectory calculations, which are extended to a wider temperature range and initial rotational state specification here. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with these calculations which accurately predict the isotope effect in addition to an enhancement of the reaction rate constant due to the molecular rotation of OH(+). The title reaction is of high importance to astrophysical models, and the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients determined here should now allow for better understanding of this reaction at temperatures more relevant to the interstellar medium.

Properties of dimension witnesses and their semidefinite programming relaxations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mironowicz, Piotr; Li, Hong-Wei; Pawłowski, Marcin

2014-08-01

In this paper we develop a method for investigating semi-device-independent randomness expansion protocols that was introduced in Li et al. [H.-W. Li, P. Mironowicz, M. Pawłowski, Z.-Q. Yin, Y.-C. Wu, S. Wang, W. Chen, H.-G. Hu, G.-C. Guo, and Z.-F. Han, Phys. Rev. A 87, 020302(R) (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.020302]. This method allows us to lower bound, with semi-definite programming, the randomness obtained from random number generators based on dimension witnesses. We also investigate the robustness of some randomness expanders using this method. We show the role of an assumption about the trace of the measurement operators and a way to avoid it. The method is also generalized to systems of arbitrary dimension and for a more general form of dimension witnesses than in our previous paper. Finally, we introduce a procedure of dimension witness reduction, which can be used to obtain from an existing witness a new one with a higher amount of certifiable randomness. The presented methods find an application for experiments [J. Ahrens, P. Badziag, M. Pawlowski, M. Zukowski, and M. Bourennane, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 140401 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.140401].

Enhanced smartcard-based password-authenticated key agreement using extended chaotic maps.

PubMed

Lee, Tian-Fu; Hsiao, Chia-Hung; Hwang, Shi-Han; Lin, Tsung-Hung

2017-01-01

A smartcard based password-authenticated key agreement scheme enables a legal user to log in to a remote authentication server and access remote services through public networks using a weak password and a smart card. Lin recently presented an improved chaotic maps-based password-authenticated key agreement scheme that used smartcards to eliminate the weaknesses of the scheme of Guo and Chang, which does not provide strong user anonymity and violates session key security. However, the improved scheme of Lin does not exhibit the freshness property and the validity of messages so it still fails to withstand denial-of-service and privileged-insider attacks. Additionally, a single malicious participant can predetermine the session key such that the improved scheme does not exhibit the contributory property of key agreements. This investigation discusses these weaknesses and proposes an enhanced smartcard-based password-authenticated key agreement scheme that utilizes extended chaotic maps. The session security of this enhanced scheme is based on the extended chaotic map-based Diffie-Hellman problem, and is proven in the real-or-random and the sequence of games models. Moreover, the enhanced scheme ensures the freshness of communicating messages by appending timestamps, and thereby avoids the weaknesses in previous schemes.

The Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann System for a Disparate Mass Binary Mixture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Renjun; Liu, Shuangqian

2017-11-01

The Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system is often used to govern the motion of plasmas consisting of electrons and ions with disparate masses when collisions of charged particles are described by the two-component Boltzmann collision operator. The perturbation theory of the system around global Maxwellians recently has been well established in Guo (Commun Pure Appl Math 55:1104-1135, 2002). It should be more interesting to further study the existence and stability of nontrivial large time asymptotic profiles for the system even with slab symmetry in space, particularly understanding the effect of the self-consistent potential on the non-trivial long-term dynamics of the binary system. In this paper, we consider the problem in the setting of rarefaction waves. The analytical tool is based on the macro-micro decomposition introduced in Liu et al. (Physica D 188(3-4):178-192, 2004) that we have been able to develop for the case of the two-component Boltzmann equations around local bi-Maxwellians. Our focus is to explore how the disparate masses and charges of particles play a role in the analysis of the approach of the complex coupling system time-asymptotically toward a non-constant equilibrium state whose macroscopic quantities satisfy the quasineutral nonisentropic Euler system.

Dynamical Evolution of a Coronal Streamer-Flux Rope System: 2. A Self-Consistent Non-Planar Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, S. T.; Guo, W. P.; Dryer, Murray

1996-01-01

The dynamical response of a helmet streamer to a flux rope escape from the sub-photosphere is examined in a physically self-consistent manner within the approximation of axisymmetric three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (i.e., so-called '2 1/2 D'). In contrast to the previous planar analyses of Paper 1 (Wu, Guo, and Wang), the present study shows, with the inclusion of out-of-plane components of magnetic and velocity fields, that the magnetic configuration represents a helical flux rope instead of a planar bubble as shown in Paper 1. Because of this more physically-realistic configuration, we are able to examine the dynamical evolution of the helical flux rope's interaction with the helmet streamer. This process leads to the formation of two parts of the solar mass ejection: (i) the expulsion of the helmet dome due to eruption of this flux rope, and (ii) the flux rope's eruption itself. When this two-part feature propagates out to the interplanetary space, it exhibits all the physical characteristics of observed interplanetary magnetic clouds. These numerical simulations also show that the dynamical behavior of the streamer-flux rope system has three distinct states: (i) quasi-equilibrium, (ii) non-equilibrium, and (iii) eruptive state depending on the energy level of the flux rope.

The role of artificial and natural sweeteners in reducing the consumption of table sugar: A narrative review.

PubMed

Mooradian, Arshag D; Smith, Meridith; Tokuda, Masaaki

2017-04-01

The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide has been partially attributed to the overconsumption of added sugars. Recent guidelines call for limiting the consumption of simple sugars to less than 10% of daily caloric consumption. High intensity sweeteners are regulated as food additives and include aspartame, acesulfame-k, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, cyclamate and alitame. Steviol glycosides and Luo Han Guo fruit extracts are high intensity sweeteners that are designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Commonly used non-caloric artificial sweeteners may have unfavorable effect on health including glucose intolerance and failure to cause weight reduction. The nutritive sweeteners include sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, mannitol, erythritol, trehalose and maltitol. Naturally occurring rare sugars have recently emerged as an alternative category of sweeteners. These monosaccharides and their derivatives are found in nature in small quantities and lack significant calories. This category includes d-allulose (d-psicose), d-tagatose, d-sorbose and d-allose. Limiting consumption of any sweetener may well be the best health advice. Identifying natural sweeteners that have favorable effects on body weight and metabolism may help achieving the current recommendations of restricting simple sugar consumption. Copyright © 2017 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On NUFFT-based gridding for non-Cartesian MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fessler, Jeffrey A.

2007-10-01

For MRI with non-Cartesian sampling, the conventional approach to reconstructing images is to use the gridding method with a Kaiser-Bessel (KB) interpolation kernel. Recently, Sha et al. [L. Sha, H. Guo, A.W. Song, An improved gridding method for spiral MRI using nonuniform fast Fourier transform, J. Magn. Reson. 162(2) (2003) 250-258] proposed an alternative method based on a nonuniform FFT (NUFFT) with least-squares (LS) design of the interpolation coefficients. They described this LS_NUFFT method as shift variant and reported that it yielded smaller reconstruction approximation errors than the conventional shift-invariant KB approach. This paper analyzes the LS_NUFFT approach in detail. We show that when one accounts for a certain linear phase factor, the core of the LS_NUFFT interpolator is in fact real and shift invariant. Furthermore, we find that the KB approach yields smaller errors than the original LS_NUFFT approach. We show that optimizing certain scaling factors can lead to a somewhat improved LS_NUFFT approach, but the high computation cost seems to outweigh the modest reduction in reconstruction error. We conclude that the standard KB approach, with appropriate parameters as described in the literature, remains the practical method of choice for gridding reconstruction in MRI.

Dependence of the Martian radiation environment on atmospheric depth: Modeling and measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Jingnan; Slaba, Tony C.; Zeitlin, Cary; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Badavi, Francis F.; Böhm, Eckart; Böttcher, Stephan; Brinza, David E.; Ehresmann, Bent; Hassler, Donald M.; Matthiä, Daniel; Rafkin, Scot

2017-02-01

The energetic particle environment on the Martian surface is influenced by solar and heliospheric modulation and changes in the local atmospheric pressure (or column depth). The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on board the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity on the surface of Mars has been measuring this effect for over four Earth years (about two Martian years). The anticorrelation between the recorded surface Galactic Cosmic Ray-induced dose rates and pressure changes has been investigated by Rafkin et al. (2014) and the long-term solar modulation has also been empirically analyzed and modeled by Guo et al. (2015). This paper employs the newly updated HZETRN2015 code to model the Martian atmospheric shielding effect on the accumulated dose rates and the change of this effect under different solar modulation and atmospheric conditions. The modeled results are compared with the most up-to-date (from 14 August 2012 to 29 June 2016) observations of the RAD instrument on the surface of Mars. Both model and measurements agree reasonably well and show the atmospheric shielding effect under weak solar modulation conditions and the decline of this effect as solar modulation becomes stronger. This result is important for better risk estimations of future human explorations to Mars under different heliospheric and Martian atmospheric conditions.

Enhanced smartcard-based password-authenticated key agreement using extended chaotic maps

PubMed Central

Lee, Tian-Fu; Hsiao, Chia-Hung; Hwang, Shi-Han

2017-01-01

A smartcard based password-authenticated key agreement scheme enables a legal user to log in to a remote authentication server and access remote services through public networks using a weak password and a smart card. Lin recently presented an improved chaotic maps-based password-authenticated key agreement scheme that used smartcards to eliminate the weaknesses of the scheme of Guo and Chang, which does not provide strong user anonymity and violates session key security. However, the improved scheme of Lin does not exhibit the freshness property and the validity of messages so it still fails to withstand denial-of-service and privileged-insider attacks. Additionally, a single malicious participant can predetermine the session key such that the improved scheme does not exhibit the contributory property of key agreements. This investigation discusses these weaknesses and proposes an enhanced smartcard-based password-authenticated key agreement scheme that utilizes extended chaotic maps. The session security of this enhanced scheme is based on the extended chaotic map-based Diffie-Hellman problem, and is proven in the real-or-random and the sequence of games models. Moreover, the enhanced scheme ensures the freshness of communicating messages by appending timestamps, and thereby avoids the weaknesses in previous schemes. PMID:28759615

Phylogenetic lineages in Pseudocercospora

PubMed Central

Crous, P.W.; Braun, U.; Hunter, G.C.; Wingfield, M.J.; Verkley, G.J.M.; Shin, H.-D.; Nakashima, C.; Groenewald, J.Z.

2013-01-01

.S. Salmon & Wormald) Crous, H.D. Shin & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora hakeae (U. Braun & Crous) U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercospora leucadendri (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercospora snelliana (Reichert) U. Braun, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous, Pseudocercosporella chaenomelis (Y. Suto) C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin; Typifications: Epitypifications - Pseudocercospora angolensis (T. Carvalho & O. Mendes) Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora araliae (Henn.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora cercidis-chinensis H.D. Shin & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora corylopsidis (Togashi & Katsuki) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pseudocercospora dovyalidis (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton, Pseudocercospora fukuokaensis (Chupp) X.J. Liu & Y.L. Guo, Pseudocercospora humuli (Hori) Y.L. Guo & X.J. Liu, Pseudocercospora kiggelariae (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lyoniae (Katsuki & Tak. Kobay.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora lythri H.D. Shin & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora sambucigena U. Braun, Crous & K. Schub., Pseudocercospora stephanandrae (Tak. Kobay. & H. Horie) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pseudocercospora viburnigena U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercosporella chaenomelis (Y. Suto) C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Xenostigmina zilleri (A. Funk) Crous; Lectotypification - Pseudocercospora ocimicola (Petr. & Cif.) Deighton; Neotypifications - Pseudocercospora kiggelariae (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lonicericola (W. Yamam.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora zelkovae (Hori) X.J. Liu & Y.L. Guo. PMID:24014898

From Fundamental Understanding To Predicting New Nanomaterials For High Capacity Hydrogen/Methane Storage and Carbon Capture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yildirim, Taner

2015-03-03

well defined and ordered pores. Here the main challenge is to find a chemically stable MOF required for regeneration of the AB-spent fuel. Finally, for carbon capture application of MOFs, we investigate the performance of a number of metal–organic frameworks with particular focus on their behavior at the low pressures commonly used in swing adsorption. This comparison clearly shows that it is the process that determines which MOF is optimal rather than there being one best MOF, though MOFs that possess enhanced binding at open metal sites generally perform better than those with high surface area. References: 1. Y. Peng, V. Krungleviciute, J. T. Hupp, O. K. Farha, and T. Yildirim, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 11887 (2013). 2. G. Srinivas, V. Krungleviciute, Z. Guo, and T. Yildirim, Ener. Environ. Sci. 7, 335 (2014). 3. G. Burres, and T. Yildirim, Ener. Environ. Sci. 5, 6453 (2012). 4. G. Srinivas, W. Travis, J. Ford, H. Wu, Z. X. Guo, and T. Yildirim, J. Mat. Chem.1, 4167 (2013). 5. For details, please see http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/staff/taner« less

Paleoaltimetry of the Oiyug Basin, southern Tibet using clumped-isotope paleothermometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbot, M. I.; Rowley, D. B.; Currie, B. S.; Colman, A. S.; He, B.; Olack, G.

2013-12-01

substituted isotopologues, Earth Planetary Sci. Lett., 262, 309-327. Ghosh, P., J. Adkins, H. Affek, B. Balta, W. Guo, E. Schauble, D. Schrag, and J. Eiler, 2006a, 13C-18O bonds in carbonate minerals: A new kind of paleothermometer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70, 1439-1456. Ghosh, P., C. Garzione, and J.M. Eiler, 2006b, Rapid uplift of the Altiplano revealed through 13C-18O bonds in paleosol carbonates, Science, 311, 511-515. Polissar, P. J., K.H. Freeman, D.B. Rowley, F.A. Mcinerney, and B.S. Currie, 2009, Paleoaltimetry of the Tibetan Plateau from D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 287, 64-67. Quade, J.,C. Garzione, and J. Eiler, 2007, Paleoelevation reconstruction using pedogenic carbonates, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 66, 53-87. Spicer, R.A., Harris, N.B.W., Widdowson, M., Herman, A.B., Guo, S., Valdes, P.J., Wolfe, J.A., and Kelley, S.P., 2003, Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years: Nature, v. 421, p. 622-624.

Assessing and mitigating uncertainties in the Noah-MP land-model simulations over the Tibet Plateau region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, G.; Chen, F.; Gan, Y.

2017-12-01

Assessing and mitigating uncertainties in the Noah-MP land-model simulations over the Tibet Plateau region Guo Zhang1, Fei Chen1,2, Yanjun Gan11State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 2National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Uncertainties in the Noah with multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model were assessed through physics ensemble simulations for four sparsely-vegetated sites located in the Tibetan Plateau region. Those simulations were evaluated using observations at the four sites during the third Tibetan Plateau Experiment (TIPEX III).The impacts of uncertainties in precipitation data used as forcing conditions, parameterizations of sub-processes such as soil organic matter and rhizosphere on physics-ensemble simulations are identified using two different methods: the natural selection and Tukey's test. This study attempts to answer the following questions: 1) what is the relative contribution of precipitation-forcing uncertainty to the overall uncertainty range of Noah-MP simulations at those sites as compared to that at a more moisture and densely vegetated site; 2) what are the most sensitive physical parameterization for those sites; 3) can we identify the parameterizations that need to be improved? The investigation was conducted by evaluating simulated seasonal evolution of soil temperature, soilmoisture, surface heat fluxes through a number of Noah-MP ensemble simulations.

Interaction of Fast Ions with Global Plasma Modes in the C-2 Field Reversed Configuration Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smirnov, Artem; Dettrick, Sean; Clary, Ryan; Korepanov, Sergey; Thompson, Matthew; Trask, Erik; Tuszewski, Michel

2012-10-01

A high-confinement operating regime [1] with plasma lifetimes significantly exceeding past empirical scaling laws was recently obtained by combining plasma gun edge biasing and tangential Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) in the C-2 field-reversed configuration (FRC) experiment [2, 3]. We present experimental and computational results on the interaction of fast ions with the n=2 rotational and n=1 wobble modes in the C-2 FRC. It is found that the n=2 mode is similar to quadrupole magnetic fields in its detrimental effect on the fast ion transport due to symmetry breaking. The plasma gun generates an inward radial electric field, thus stabilizing the n=2 rotational instability without applying the quadrupole magnetic fields. The resultant FRCs are nearly axisymmetric, which enables fast ion confinement. The NBI further suppresses the n=2 mode, improves the plasma confinement characteristics, and increases the plasma configuration lifetime [4]. The n=1 wobble mode has relatively little effect on the fast ion transport, likely due to the approximate axisymmetry about the displaced plasma column. [4pt] [1] M. Tuszewski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 255008 (2012).[0pt] [2] M. Binderbauer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 045003 (2010).[0pt] [3] H.Y. Guo et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 056110 (2011).[0pt] [4] M. Tuszewski et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056108 (2012)

A Scientific Synthesis and Assessment of the Arctic Carbon Cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayes, Daniel J.; Guo, Laodong; McGuire, A. David

2007-06-01

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), along with the Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) Project and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), sponsored the Arctic Carbon Cycle Assessment Workshop, at the Red Lion Hotel in Seattle, Wash., between 27 February and 1 March 2007. The workshop was held in a general effort toward the scientific synthesis and assessment of the Arctic system carbon cycle, as well as to generate feedback on the working draft of an assessment document. The initial assessment was prepared by the Arctic carbon cycle assessment writing team, which is led by A. David McGuire (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and includes Leif Anderson (Goteborg University, Sweden), Torben Christensen (Lund University, Sweden), Scott Dallimore (Natural Resources Canada), Laodong Guo (University of Southern Mississippi), Martin Heimann (Max Planck Institute, Germany), Robie MacDonald (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada), and Nigel Roulet (McGill University, Canada). The workshop brought together leading researchers in the fields of terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric science to report on and discuss the current state of knowledge on contemporary carbon stocks and fluxes in the Artie and their potential responses to a changing climate. The workshop was attended by 35 scientists representing institutions from 10 countries in addition to two representatives of the sponsor agencies (John Calder for AMAP and Diane Verseghy for CliC).

Structural Basis for a Reciprocating Mechanism of Negative Cooperativity in Dimeric Phosphagen Kinase Activity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, X.; Ye, S; Guo, S

Phosphagen kinase (PK) family members catalyze the reversible phosphoryl transfer between phosphagen and ADP to reserve or release energy in cell energy metabolism. The structures of classic quaternary complexes of dimeric creatine kinase (CK) revealed asymmetric ligand binding states of two protomers, but the significance and mechanism remain unclear. To understand this negative cooperativity further, we determined the first structure of dimeric arginine kinase (dAK), another PK family member, at 1.75 {angstrom}, as well as the structure of its ternary complex with AMPPNP and arginine. Further structural analysis shows that the ligand-free protomer in a ligand-bound dimer opens more widelymore » than the protomers in a ligand-free dimer, which leads to three different states of a dAK protomer. The unexpected allostery of the ligand-free protomer in a ligand-bound dimer should be relayed from the ligand-binding-induced allostery of its adjacent protomer. Mutations that weaken the interprotomer connections dramatically reduced the catalytic activities of dAK, indicating the importance of the allosteric propagation mediated by the homodimer interface. These results suggest a reciprocating mechanism of dimeric PK, which is shared by other ATP related oligomeric enzymes, e.g., ATP synthase. - Wu, X., Ye, S., Guo, S., Yan, W., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z. Structural basis for a reciprocating mechanism of negative cooperativity in dimeric phosphagen kinase activity.« less

Enumeration of Extended m-Regular Linear Stacks.

PubMed

Guo, Qiang-Hui; Sun, Lisa H; Wang, Jian

2016-12-01

The contact map of a protein fold in the two-dimensional (2D) square lattice has arc length at least 3, and each internal vertex has degree at most 2, whereas the two terminal vertices have degree at most 3. Recently, Chen, Guo, Sun, and Wang studied the enumeration of [Formula: see text]-regular linear stacks, where each arc has length at least [Formula: see text] and the degree of each vertex is bounded by 2. Since the two terminal points in a protein fold in the 2D square lattice may form contacts with at most three adjacent lattice points, we are led to the study of extended [Formula: see text]-regular linear stacks, in which the degree of each terminal point is bounded by 3. This model is closed to real protein contact maps. Denote the generating functions of the [Formula: see text]-regular linear stacks and the extended [Formula: see text]-regular linear stacks by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. We show that [Formula: see text] can be written as a rational function of [Formula: see text]. For a certain [Formula: see text], by eliminating [Formula: see text], we obtain an equation satisfied by [Formula: see text] and derive the asymptotic formula of the numbers of [Formula: see text]-regular linear stacks of length [Formula: see text].

Numerical study of nonequilibrium gas flow in a microchannel with a ratchet surface.

PubMed

Zhu, Lianhua; Guo, Zhaoli

2017-02-01

The nonequilibrium gas flow in a two-dimensional microchannel with a ratchet surface and a moving wall is investigated numerically with a kinetic method [Guo et al., Phys. Rev. E 91, 033313 (2015)]PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.91.033313. The presence of periodic asymmetrical ratchet structures on the bottom wall of the channel and the temperature difference between the walls of the channel result in a thermally induced flow, and hence a tangential propelling force on the wall. Such thermally induced propelling mechanism can be utilized as a model heat engine. In this article, the relations between the propelling force and the top wall moving velocity are obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation with the Shakhov model deterministically in a wide range of Knudsen numbers. The flow fields at both the static wall state and the critical state at which the thermally induced force cancels the drag force due to the active motion of the top wall are analyzed. A counterintuitive relation between the flow direction and the shear force is observed in the highly rarefied condition. The output power and thermal efficiency of the system working as a model heat engine are analyzed based on the momentum and energy transfer between the walls. The effects of Knudsen number, temperature difference, and geometric configurations are investigated. Guidance for improving the mechanical performance is discussed.

Broadband enhanced transmission of acoustic waves through serrated metal gratings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Dong-Xiang; Fan, Ren-Hao; Deng, Yu-Qiang; Peng, Ru-Wen; Wang, Mu; Jiangnan University Collaboration

In this talk, we present our studies on broadband properties of acoustic waves through metal gratings. We have demonstrated that serrated metal gratings, which introduce gradient coatings, can give rise to broadband transmission enhancement of acoustic waves. Here, we have experimentally and theoretically studied the acoustic transmission properties of metal gratings with or without serrated boundaries. The average transmission is obviously enhanced for serrated metal gratings within a wide frequency range, while the Fabry-Perot resonance is significantly suppressed. An effective medium hypothesis with varying acoustic impedance is proposed to analyze the mechanism, which was verified through comparison with finite-element simulation. The serrated boundary supplies gradient mass distribution and gradient normal acoustic impedance, which could efficiently reduce the boundary reflection. Further, by increasing the region of the serrated boundary, we present a broadband high-transmission grating for wide range of incident angle. Our results may have potential applications to broadband acoustic imaging, acoustic sensing and new acoustic devices. References: [1] Dong-Xiang Qi, Yu-Qiang Deng, Di-Hu Xu, Ren-Hao Fan, Ru-Wen Peng, Ze-Guo Chen, Ming-Hui Lu, X. R. Huang and Mu Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 011906 (2015); [2] Dong-Xiang Qi, Ren-Hao Fan, Ru-Wen Peng, Xian-Rong Huang, Ming-Hui Lu, Xu Ni, Qing Hu, and Mu Wang, Applied Physics Letters 101, 061912 (2012).

[Tianjin characteristics of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in first aid medical system].

PubMed

Li, Zhijun

2018-05-01

Tianjin, as the earliest city to open up, the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures also started earlier. Therefore, today's emergency medicine system with integrated features of Chinese and Western medicine is formed. Professor Wang Jinda, who works in Tianjin First Center Hospital, makes the theory of "treating bronchitis and treating diseases" and "three methods of three syndromes" for the treatment of severe diseases such as sepsis. The surgical aspect is the treatment of acute abdomen with the combination of Chinese and Western medicine which is proposed by Academician Wu Xianzhong who worked in Tianjin Nankai Hospital. In the aspect of acupuncture and moxibustion, Professor Guo Yi, who works in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, provides the twelve Jing points blood-letting therapy for cerebral diseases such as stroke. Professor Liu Xinqiao from the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine also conducts in-depth studies on brain protection after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). He proposes the importance of traditional Chinese medicine in addition to mild hypothermia and neuroprotective agents. The author summarized these achievements, in light of which looked forward to the future and proposed the concept of establishing a multi-specialist collaboration and an emergency center with obvious characteristics of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, which would pave the way for the development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine first aid.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 2-sgRNA cleavage facilitates pseudorabies virus editing.

PubMed

Tang, Yan-Dong; Guo, Jin-Chao; Wang, Tong-Yun; Zhao, Kuan; Liu, Ji-Ting; Gao, Jia-Cong; Tian, Zhi-Jun; An, Tong-Qing; Cai, Xue-Hui

2018-03-06

Several groups have used CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) for DNA virus editing. In most cases, one single-guide RNA (sgRNA) is used, which produces inconsistencies in gene editing. In this study, we used a swine herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus, as a model to systematically explore the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in DNA virus editing. In our current report, we demonstrated that cotransfection of 2 sgRNAs and a viral genome resulted in significantly better knockout efficiency than the transfection-infection-based approach. This method could result in 100% knockout of ≤3500 bp of viral nonessential large fragments. Furthermore, knockin efficiency was significantly improved by using 2 sgRNAs and was also correlated with the number of background viruses. We also demonstrated that the background viruses were all 2-sgRNA-mediated knockout mutants. Finally, this study demonstrated that the efficacy of gene knockin is determined by the replicative kinetics of background viruses. We propose that CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with 2 sgRNAs creates a powerful tool for DNA virus editing and offers great potential for future applications.-Tang, Y.-D., Guo, J.-C., Wang, T.-Y., Zhao, K., Liu, J.-T., Gao, J.-C., Tian, Z.-J., An, T.-Q., Cai, X.-H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 2-sgRNA cleavage facilitates pseudorabies virus editing.

Autocorrelations of stellar light and mass at z˜ 0 and ˜1: from SDSS to DEEP2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Cheng; White, Simon D. M.; Chen, Yanmei; Coil, Alison L.; Davis, Marc; De Lucia, Gabriella; Guo, Qi; Jing, Y. P.; Kauffmann, Guinevere; Willmer, Christopher N. A.; Zhang, Wei

2012-01-01

We present measurements of projected autocorrelation functions wp(rp) for the stellar mass of galaxies and for their light in the U, B and V bands, using data from the third data release of the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey and the final data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We investigate the clustering bias of stellar mass and light by comparing these to projected autocorrelations of dark matter estimated from the Millennium Simulations (MS) at z= 1 and 0.07, the median redshifts of our galaxy samples. All of the autocorrelation and bias functions show systematic trends with spatial scale and waveband which are impressively similar at the two redshifts. This shows that the well-established environmental dependence of stellar populations in the local Universe is already in place at z= 1. The recent MS-based galaxy formation simulation of Guo et al. reproduces the scale-dependent clustering of luminosity to an accuracy better than 30 per cent in all bands and at both redshifts, but substantially overpredicts mass autocorrelations at separations below about 2 Mpc. Further comparison of the shapes of our stellar mass bias functions with those predicted by the model suggests that both the SDSS and DEEP2 data prefer a fluctuation amplitude of σ8˜ 0.8 rather than the σ8= 0.9 assumed by the MS.

Identifying the complex melting reaction from 20 Ma to 14 Ma in Tsona leucogranite in Southern Tibet: geochemistry, zircon U-Pb chronology and Hf isotopes evidence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Qingshang; Zhao, Zhidan; Liu, Dong; Zhu, Di-Cheng

2017-04-01

The Miocene leucogranites, the record of the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen, extensively intruded the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS), and distributed along the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) (Guo and Wilson, 2012). Here we present a study of geochemistry, zircon U-Pb chronology and Hf isotopes on the Yamarong leucogranites from Tsona area, Eastern Himalaya, to explore the petrogenesis of the rocks, including melting condition and mechanism, and source of fluid within the magmatism through time. Our new results include: (1) The age of the Yamarong leucogranites range from 14 Ma to 20 Ma (YM1510-1 = 19.7 ± 0.1 Ma, n = 13; YM1502-1 = 17.5 ± 0.1 Ma, n = 12; YM1412 =14.2 ± 0.1 Ma, n = 18), which suggest that the anataxis processes have lasted for more than 6 Ma. (2) The geochemical features are different between the rocks with changing ages, especially between 20 Ma and 17 Ma. The Rb/Sr value of 20 Ma leucogranites (4.1-6.84) is lower than that of 17 Ma samples (5.12-19.02). The 20 Ma leucogranites have higher Ba contents (188-337 ppm) than that of 17 Ma rocks (50-158ppm), which exhibit different trends in the Rb/Sr versus Ba plot, and reveal different melting reaction from 20 Ma to 17 Ma. (Inger and Harris, 1993) (3) The ɛHf(t) isotopes of 20 Ma leucogranites are lower (average ɛHf(t) = -12.5) than that of 17 Ma ones (average ɛHf(t) = -10), which implies differential dissolution of inherited zircon during two partial melting events possibly due to different fluid contribution (Gao et al., 2017); (4) The positive linear relationship of LREEs versus Th in the rocks, with relatively higher contents of Th and LREEs in the 20 Ma, and lower in the 17 Ma leucogranites, which suggests the relationship were mostly controlled by monazite. And this further indicates more monazite was dissolved from the source region in the early stage (˜20Ma) than the later (17Ma) (Gao et al., 2017). In summary, our study provides new evidence for the complex melting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Zhigang, E-mail: zsun@dicp.ac.cn; Yu, Dequan; Xie, Wenbo

The O + O{sub 2} isotope exchange reactions play an important role in determining the oxygen isotopic composition of a number of trace gases in the atmosphere, and their temperature dependence and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) provide important constraints on our understanding of the origin and mechanism of these and other unusual oxygen KIEs important in the atmosphere. This work reports a quantum dynamics study of the title reactions on the newly constructed Dawes-Lolur-Li-Jiang-Guo (DLLJG) potential energy surface (PES). The thermal reaction rate coefficients of both the {sup 18}O + {sup 32}O{sub 2} and {sup 16}O + {sup 36}O{sub 2}more » reactions obtained using the DLLJG PES exhibit a clear negative temperature dependence, in sharp contrast with the positive temperature dependence obtained using the earlier modified Siebert-Schinke-Bittererova (mSSB) PES. In addition, the calculated KIE shows an improved agreement with the experiment. These results strongly support the absence of the “reef” structure in the entrance/exit channels of the DLLJG PES, which is present in the mSSB PES. The quantum dynamics results on both PESs attribute the marked KIE to strong near-threshold reactive resonances, presumably stemming from the mass differences and/or zero point energy difference between the diatomic reactant and product. The accurate characterization of the reactivity for these near-thermoneutral reactions immediately above the reaction threshold is important for correct characterization of the thermal reaction rate coefficients.« less

Deletion of murine choline dehydrogenase results in diminished sperm motility

PubMed Central

Johnson, Amy R.; Craciunescu, Corneliu N.; Guo, Zhong; Teng, Ya-Wen; Thresher, Randy J.; Blusztajn, Jan K.; Zeisel, Steven H.

2010-01-01

Choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) catalyzes the conversion of choline to betaine, an important methyl donor and organic osmolyte. We have previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human CHDH gene that, when present, seem to alter the activity of the CHDH enzyme. These SNPs occur frequently in humans. We created a Chdh−/− mouse to determine the functional effects of mutations that result in decreased CHDH activity. Chdh deletion did not affect fetal viability or alter growth or survival of these mice. Only one of eleven Chdh−/− males was able to reproduce. Loss of CHDH activity resulted in decreased testicular betaine and increased choline and PCho concentrations. Chdh+/+ and Chdh−/− mice produced comparable amounts of sperm; the impaired fertility was due to diminished sperm motility in the Chdh−/− males. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abnormal mitochondrial morphology in Chdh−/− sperm. ATP content, total mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and inner mitochondrial membrane polarization were all significantly reduced in sperm from Chdh−/− animals. Mitochondrial changes were also detected in liver, kidney, heart, and testis tissues. We suggest that men who have SNPs in CHDH that decrease the activity of the CHDH enzyme could have decreased sperm motility and fertility.—Johnson, A. R., Craciunescu, C. N., Guo, Z., Teng, Y.-W., Thresher, R. J., Blusztajn, J. K., Zeisel, S. H. Deletion of murine choline dehydrogenase results in diminished sperm motility. PMID:20371614

Mechanics and geometry in the seashell-like (Turritella) surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Qiaohang; Chen, Zi; Li, Wei; Ren, Kun; Lin, Junjie; Taber, Larry A.; Chen, Wenzhe

2013-03-01

Helical structures are ubiquitous in nature and engineering, ranging from DNA molecules to plant tendrils, from sea snail shells to nanoribbons. While the helical shapes in natural and engineered systems often exhibit nearly uniform radius and pitch, helical shell structures with changing radius and pitch, such as seashells and some plant tendrils, adds to the variety of this family of aesthetic beauty. Here we report the first biomimetic seashell-like structure resulting from mechanics of geometric frustration. In previous studies, the total potential energy is everywhere minimized when the system achieves an equilibrium. In this study, however, the local energy minimization cannot be realized because of the geometric incompatibility, and hence the whole system deforms into a shape with a global energy minimum whereby the energy in each segment may not necessary be locally optimized. This novel approach can be applied to develop materials and systems with desirable geometries by exploiting mechanics of geometric frustration. The authors would like to thank Yushan Huang, Zhen Liu, Si Chen for their assistance in the experimental demonstration. This work has been in part supported by NSFC (Grant No.11102040 and No.11201001044), the Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research (GIAR) program, American Academy of Mechanics Founder's Award from the Robert M. and Mary Haythornthwaite Foundation, and Society in Science, The Branco Weiss Fellowship, administered by ETH Zurich. Qiaohang Guo and Zi Chen contributed equally to this work.

L{sup 2}-stability of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system near global Maxwellians

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ha, Seung-Yeal, E-mail: syha@snu.ac.kr; Xiao, Qinghua, E-mail: pdexqh@hotmail.com; Xiong, Linjie, E-mail: xlj@whu.edu.cn

2013-12-15

We present a L{sup 2}-stability theory of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system for the two-species collisional plasma. We show that in a perturbative regime of a global Maxwellian, the L{sup 2}-distance between two strong solutions can be controlled by that between initial data in a Lipschitz manner. Our stability result extends earlier results [Ha, S.-Y. and Xiao, Q.-H., “A revisiting to the L{sup 2}-stability theory of the Boltzmann equation near global Maxwellians,” (submitted) and Ha, S.-Y., Yang, X.-F., and Yun, S.-B., “L{sup 2} stability theory of the Boltzmann equation near a global Maxwellian,” Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 197, 657–688 (2010)] on themore » L{sup 2}-stability of the Boltzmann equation to the Boltzmann equation coupled with self-consistent external forces. As a direct application of our stability result, we show that classical solutions in Duan et al. [“Optimal large-time behavior of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system in the whole space,” Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 24, 1497–1546 (2011)] and Guo [“The Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann system near Maxwellians,” Invent. Math. 153(3), 593–630 (2003)] satisfy a uniform L{sup 2}-stability estimate. This is the first result on the L{sup 2}-stability of the Boltzmann equation coupled with self-consistent field equations in three dimensions.« less

Does partial Granger causality really eliminate the influence of exogenous inputs and latent variables?

PubMed

Roelstraete, Bjorn; Rosseel, Yves

2012-04-30

Partial Granger causality was introduced by Guo et al. (2008) who showed that it could better eliminate the influence of latent variables and exogenous inputs than conditional G-causality. In the recent literature we can find some reviews and applications of this type of Granger causality (e.g. Smith et al., 2011; Bressler and Seth, 2010; Barrett et al., 2010). These articles apparently do not take into account a serious flaw in the original work on partial G-causality, being the negative F values that were reported and even proven to be plausible. In our opinion, this undermines the credibility of the obtained results and thus the validity of the approach. Our study is aimed to further validate partial G-causality and to find an answer why negative partial Granger causality estimates were reported. Time series were simulated from the same toy model as used in the original paper and partial and conditional causal measures were compared in the presence of confounding variables. Inference was done parametrically and using non-parametric block bootstrapping. We counter the proof that partial Granger F values can be negative, but the main conclusion of the original article remains. In the presence of unknown latent and exogenous influences, it appears that partial G-causality will better eliminate their influence than conditional G-causality, at least when non-parametric inference is used. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conformation-Specific IR and UV Spectroscopy of the Amino Acid Glutamine: Amide-Stacking and Hydrogen Bonding in AN Important Residue in Neurodegenerative Diseases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walsh, Patrick S.; Dean, Jacob C.; Zwier, Timothy S.

2014-06-01

Glutamine plays an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). An intriguing aspect of the structure of glutamine is its incorporation of an amide group in its side chain, thereby opening up the possibility of forming amide-amide H-bonds between the peptide backbone and side chain. In this study the conformational preferences of two capped gluatamines Z(carboxybenzyl)-Glutamine-X (X=OH, NHMe) are studied under jet-cooled conditions in the gas phase in order to unlock the intrinsic structural motifs that are favored by this flexible sidechain. Conformational assignments are made by comparing the hydride stretch ( 3100-3700 cm-1) and amide I and II ( 1400-1800 cm-1) resonant ion-dip infrared spectra with predictions from harmonic frequency calculations. Assigned structures will be compared to previously published results on both natural and unnatural residues. Particular emphasis will be placed on the comparison between glutamine and unconstrained γ-peptides due to the similar three-carbon spacing between backbone and side chain in glutamine to the backbone spacing in γ-peptides. The ability of the glutamine side-chain to form amide stacked conformations will be a main focus, along with the prevalence of extended backbone type structures. W. H. James, III, C W. Müller, E. G. Buchanan, M. G. D. Nix, L. Guo, L. Roskop, M. S. Gordon, L. V. Slipchenko, S. H. Gellman, and T. S. Zwier, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(40), 14243-14245.

Generalized lattice Boltzmann model for flow through tight porous media with Klinkenberg's effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Li; Fang, Wenzhen; Kang, Qinjun; De'Haven Hyman, Jeffrey; Viswanathan, Hari S.; Tao, Wen-Quan

2015-03-01

Gas slippage occurs when the mean free path of the gas molecules is in the order of the characteristic pore size of a porous medium. This phenomenon leads to Klinkenberg's effect where the measured permeability of a gas (apparent permeability) is higher than that of the liquid (intrinsic permeability). A generalized lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for flow through porous media that includes Klinkenberg's effect, which is based on the model of Guo et al. [Phys. Rev. E 65, 046308 (2002), 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046308]. The second-order Beskok and Karniadakis-Civan's correlation [A. Beskok and G. Karniadakis, Microscale Thermophys. Eng. 3, 43 (1999), 10.1080/108939599199864 and F. Civan, Transp. Porous Med. 82, 375 (2010), 10.1007/s11242-009-9432-z] is adopted to calculate the apparent permeability based on intrinsic permeability and the Knudsen number. Fluid flow between two parallel plates filled with porous media is simulated to validate the model. Simulations performed in a heterogeneous porous medium with components of different porosity and permeability indicate that Klinkenberg's effect plays a significant role on fluid flow in low-permeability porous media, and it is more pronounced as the Knudsen number increases. Fluid flow in a shale matrix with and without fractures is also studied, and it is found that the fractures greatly enhance the fluid flow and Klinkenberg's effect leads to higher global permeability of the shale matrix.

Higher-Order Asymptotics and Its Application to Testing the Equality of the Examinee Ability Over Two Sets of Items.

PubMed

Sinharay, Sandip; Jensen, Jens Ledet

2018-06-27

In educational and psychological measurement, researchers and/or practitioners are often interested in examining whether the ability of an examinee is the same over two sets of items. Such problems can arise in measurement of change, detection of cheating on unproctored tests, erasure analysis, detection of item preknowledge, etc. Traditional frequentist approaches that are used in such problems include the Wald test, the likelihood ratio test, and the score test (e.g., Fischer, Appl Psychol Meas 27:3-26, 2003; Finkelman, Weiss, & Kim-Kang, Appl Psychol Meas 34:238-254, 2010; Glas & Dagohoy, Psychometrika 72:159-180, 2007; Guo & Drasgow, Int J Sel Assess 18:351-364, 2010; Klauer & Rettig, Br J Math Stat Psychol 43:193-206, 1990; Sinharay, J Educ Behav Stat 42:46-68, 2017). This paper shows that approaches based on higher-order asymptotics (e.g., Barndorff-Nielsen & Cox, Inference and asymptotics. Springer, London, 1994; Ghosh, Higher order asymptotics. Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Hayward, 1994) can also be used to test for the equality of the examinee ability over two sets of items. The modified signed likelihood ratio test (e.g., Barndorff-Nielsen, Biometrika 73:307-322, 1986) and the Lugannani-Rice approximation (Lugannani & Rice, Adv Appl Prob 12:475-490, 1980), both of which are based on higher-order asymptotics, are shown to provide some improvement over the traditional frequentist approaches in three simulations. Two real data examples are also provided.

Effects of nucleosides on glia - neuron interactions open up new vistas in the development of more effective antiepileptic drugs.

PubMed

Kovacs, Zsolt; Kardos, Julianna; Kekesi, Katalin A; Juhasz, Gabor; Lakatos, Renata; Heja, Laszlo

2015-01-01

One-third of epileptic patients are drug refractory due to the limited efficacy of antiepileptic therapy. Thus, there is an immense need to find more effective, safer and well-tolerated antiepileptic drugs. A great deal of results suggests that adenosine (Ado), guanosine (Guo), inosine (Ino) or uridine (Urd) are endogenous antiepileptogenic modulators. Furthermore, nucleosides and their derivatives may be safe and effective potential drugs in the treatment of epilepsy. Conversely, nucleosidergic modulatory system implying nucleoside levels, metabolism, receptors and transporters may also be involved in seizure pathomechanisms. Application of Ado receptor agonists as well as antagonists, elevation of nucleoside levels (e.g., by nucleoside metabolism inhibitors, and Adoreleasing implants) or utilization of non-Ado nucleosides may also turn to be useful approaches to decrease epileptic activity. However, all drugs exerting their effects on the nucleosidergic modulatory system may affect the fine regulation of glia-neuron interactions that are intimately governed by various nucleosidergic processes. Perturbation of the complex, bidirectional communication between neurons and astrocytes through these nucleosidergic modulatory mechanisms may lead to pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore may cause significant side effects. Thus, a deeper understanding of the nucleosidergic modulatory control over glia-neuron interactions is essential in order to develop more effective and safe nucleoside-based antiepileptic drugs. In this review article we focus on the role of Ado and Urd in glia-neuron interactions, placing emphasis on their implications for the treatment of epilepsy.

Theoretical prediction of probable isotopes of superheavy nuclei of Z = 122

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manjunatha, H. C.

2016-11-01

We have studied the α-decay half-life and spontaneous fission half-lives of isotopes of superheavy element Z = 122 in the range 275 ≤ A ≥ 326. A comparison of calculated alpha half-lives with the literature [D. N. Poenaru, R. A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 83 (2011) 014601, D. N. Poenaru, R. A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 85 (2012) 034615] and the analytical formulas of Royer [G. Royer, J. Phys. G; Nucl. Part. Phys. 26 (2000) 1149] shows good agreement with each other. To identify the mode of decay of these isotopes, the spontaneous-fission half-lives were also evaluated using the semiempirical relation given by [C. Xu, Z. Ren and Y. Guo, Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 044329]. A comparative study on the competition of alpha decay versus spontaneous fission of superheavy nuclei (SHN) reveals that around eight isotopes (307-314122) survive fission and have alpha decay channel as the prominent mode of decay and hold the possibility to be synthesized in the laboratory. The alpha decay half-lives and spontaneous fission half-lives of SHN with Z = 122, A = 299-306, with Z = 120, A = 294-300, and with Z = 119, A = 292-297 are also studied. The present study will be useful in the synthesis of superheavy elements Z > 118 by using the actinide based reactions with stable projectiles heavier than 48Ca.

Energy decay of a viscoelastic wave equation with supercritical nonlinearities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Yanqiu; Rammaha, Mohammad A.; Sakuntasathien, Sawanya

2018-06-01

This paper presents a study of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions for the history value problem of a viscoelastic wave equation which features a fading memory term as well as a supercritical source term and a frictional damping term: u_{tt}- k(0) Δ u - \\int \\limits _0^{&infty } k'(s) Δ u(t-s) ds +|u_t|^{m-1}u_t =|u|^{p-1}u, { in } Ω × (0,T), u(x,t)=u_0(x,t), \\quad { in } Ω × (-∞,0]), where Ω is a bounded domain in R^3 with a Dirichlét boundary condition and u_0 represents the history value. A suitable notion of a potential well is introduced for the system, and global existence of solutions is justified, provided that the history value u_0 is taken from a subset of the potential well. Also, uniform energy decay rate is obtained which depends on the relaxation kernel -k'(s) as well as the growth rate of the damping term. This manuscript complements our previous work (Guo et al. in J Differ Equ 257:3778-3812, 2014, J Differ Equ 262:1956-1979, 2017) where Hadamard well-posedness and the singularity formulation have been studied for the system. It is worth stressing the special features of the model, namely the source term here has a supercritical growth rate and the memory term accounts to the full past history that goes back to -∞.

Genome measures used for quality control are dependent on gene function and ancestry.

PubMed

Wang, Jing; Raskin, Leon; Samuels, David C; Shyr, Yu; Guo, Yan

2015-02-01

The transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio and heterozygous/nonreference-homozygous (het/nonref-hom) ratio have been commonly computed in genetic studies as a quality control (QC) measurement. Additionally, these two ratios are helpful in our understanding of the patterns of DNA sequence evolution. To thoroughly understand these two genomic measures, we performed a study using 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) released genotype data (N=1092). An additional two datasets (N=581 and N=6) were used to validate our findings from the 1000G dataset. We compared the two ratios among continental ancestry, genome regions and gene functionality. We found that the Ti/Tv ratio can be used as a quality indicator for single nucleotide polymorphisms inferred from high-throughput sequencing data. The Ti/Tv ratio varies greatly by genome region and functionality, but not by ancestry. The het/nonref-hom ratio varies greatly by ancestry, but not by genome regions and functionality. Furthermore, extreme guanine + cytosine content (either high or low) is negatively associated with the Ti/Tv ratio magnitude. Thus, when performing QC assessment using these two measures, care must be taken to apply the correct thresholds based on ancestry and genome region. Failure to take these considerations into account at the QC stage will bias any following analysis. yan.guo@vanderbilt.edu Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Numerical modeling of axi-symmetrical cold forging process by ``Pseudo Inverse Approach''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Halouani, A.; Li, Y. M.; Abbes, B.; Guo, Y. Q.

2011-05-01

The incremental approach is widely used for the forging process modeling, it gives good strain and stress estimation, but it is time consuming. A fast Inverse Approach (IA) has been developed for the axi-symmetric cold forging modeling [1-2]. This approach exploits maximum the knowledge of the final part's shape and the assumptions of proportional loading and simplified tool actions make the IA simulation very fast. The IA is proved very useful for the tool design and optimization because of its rapidity and good strain estimation. However, the assumptions mentioned above cannot provide good stress estimation because of neglecting the loading history. A new approach called "Pseudo Inverse Approach" (PIA) was proposed by Batoz, Guo et al.. [3] for the sheet forming modeling, which keeps the IA's advantages but gives good stress estimation by taking into consideration the loading history. Our aim is to adapt the PIA for the cold forging modeling in this paper. The main developments in PIA are resumed as follows: A few intermediate configurations are generated for the given tools' positions to consider the deformation history; the strain increment is calculated by the inverse method between the previous and actual configurations. An incremental algorithm of the plastic integration is used in PIA instead of the total constitutive law used in the IA. An example is used to show the effectiveness and limitations of the PIA for the cold forging process modeling.

Automating Construction of Machine Learning Models With Clinical Big Data: Proposal Rationale and Methods.

PubMed

Luo, Gang; Stone, Bryan L; Johnson, Michael D; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter; Wilcox, Adam B; Mooney, Sean D; Sheng, Xiaoming; Haug, Peter J; Nkoy, Flory L

2017-08-29

management allocation and pilot one model with care managers; and (3) perform simulations to estimate the impact of adopting Auto-ML on US patient outcomes. We are currently writing Auto-ML's design document. We intend to finish our study by around the year 2022. Auto-ML will generalize to various clinical prediction/classification problems. With minimal help from data scientists, health care researchers can use Auto-ML to quickly build high-quality models. This will boost wider use of machine learning in health care and improve patient outcomes. ©Gang Luo, Bryan L Stone, Michael D Johnson, Peter Tarczy-Hornoch, Adam B Wilcox, Sean D Mooney, Xiaoming Sheng, Peter J Haug, Flory L Nkoy. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 29.08.2017.

RETRACTED: Relationship between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T1DN susceptibility/risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population.

PubMed

Zhou, Tian-Biao; Guo, Xue-Feng; Jiang, Zongpei; Li, Hong-Yan

2015-12-01

The following article has been included in a multiple retraction: Tian-Biao Zhou, Xue-Feng Guo, Zongpei Jiang, and Hong-Yan Li Relationship between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T1DN susceptibility/risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563425, first published on February 1, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563425 This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and the Publisher. After conducting a thorough investigation, SAGE found that the submitting authors of a number of papers published in the Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System ( JRAAS) (listed below) had supplied fabricated contact details for their nominated reviewers. The Editors accepted these papers based on the reports supplied by the individuals using these fake reviewer email accounts. After concluding that the peer review process was therefore seriously compromised, SAGE and the journal Editors have decided to retract all affected articles. Online First articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Wenzhuang Tang, Tian-Biao Zhou, and Zongpei Jiang Association of the angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism with risk of diabetes mellitus developing into diabetic nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563426, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563426 Tian-Biao Zhou, Hong-Yan Li, Zong-Pei Jiang, Jia-Fan Zhou, Miao-Fang Huang, and Zhi-Yang Zhou Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in radiation nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563424, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563424 Weiqiang Zhong, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566019, first published on January

Global Fitness Profiling Identifies Arsenic and Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms in Fission Yeast.

PubMed

Guo, Lan; Ganguly, Abantika; Sun, Lingling; Suo, Fang; Du, Li-Lin; Russell, Paul

2016-10-13

Heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium [Cd(II)] and arsenic [As(III)] are widespread environmental toxicants responsible for multiple adverse health effects in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis, as well as the detoxification and tolerance pathways, are incompletely understood. Here, we use global fitness profiling by barcode sequencing to quantitatively survey the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid deletome for genes that confer tolerance of cadmium or arsenic. We identified 106 genes required for cadmium resistance and 110 genes required for arsenic resistance, with a highly significant overlap of 36 genes. A subset of these 36 genes account for almost all proteins required for incorporating sulfur into the cysteine-rich glutathione and phytochelatin peptides that chelate cadmium and arsenic. A requirement for Mms19 is explained by its role in directing iron-sulfur cluster assembly into sulfite reductase as opposed to promoting DNA repair, as DNA damage response genes were not enriched among those required for cadmium or arsenic tolerance. Ubiquinone, siroheme, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis were also identified as critical for Cd/As tolerance. Arsenic-specific pathways included prefoldin-mediated assembly of unfolded proteins and protein targeting to the peroxisome, whereas cadmium-specific pathways included plasma membrane and vacuolar transporters, as well as Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of key genes required for cadmium tolerance. Notable differences are apparent with corresponding screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underscoring the utility of analyzing toxic metal defense mechanisms in both organisms. Copyright © 2016 Guo et al.

On the choice of the functional form of the aftershocks decay equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gasperini, P.; Lolli, B.

2003-04-01

To infer the optimal form of the rate equation describing the decay of aftershock sequences, we analyzed the correlation among parameter estimates made for New Zealand (Eberhard-Phillips, 1998) and Italy (Lolli and Gasperini, 2003), for the simple model proposed by Reasenberg and Jones (1989) λ(t)=10a+b(Mm-Mmin)over(t+c)^p} We found significant correlations between the sequence productivity parameter a and all other ones (p, c and b) and between p and c. At odd with previous findings (Guo and Ogata, 1995; 1997) we did not find instead correlation between b and p. We verified that the explicit inclusion in the formula of the time decay normalization integral removes the correlation of a with both parameters p and c. We also found, separately for both regions, that assuming the linear coefficient of main shock magnitude M_m about 2/3b makes parameter a also independent of b. The a parameter of the resulting rate equation λ(t)= 10a+2/3bMm-bMmin/ (t+c)^pint_ST(t+c)-pdt being almost independent of the other ones, can be reliably considered the expressions of a peculiar property of the seismogenic process. Thus we can infer that the new equation could be more appropriate than the previous one to predict sequence behavior in different areas. This formulation has also been applied to more sophisticated models of the epidemic type (ETAS), letting the coefficient of the main shock magnitude to vary freely. Some preliminary experiments give estimates close to 1/2b for this parameter.

A Theoretical Investigation of Oxidation Efficiency of a Volatile Removal Assembly Reactor Under Microgravity Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guo, Boyun

2005-01-01

Volatile Removal Assembly (VRA) is a subsystem of the Closed Environment Life Support System (CELSS) installed in the International Space Station. It is used for removing contaminants (volatile organics) in the wastewater produced by the space station crews. The major contaminants are formic acid, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The VRA contains a slim packbed reactor (3.5 cm diameter and four 28 cm long tubes in series) to perform catalyst oxidation of wastewater at elevated pressure and temperature under microgravity conditions. In the reactor, the contaminants are burned with oxygen gas (O2) to form water and carbon dioxide (CO2) that dissolves in the water stream. Optimal design of the reactor requires a thorough understanding about how the reactor performs under microgravity conditions. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model to interpret experimental data obtained from normal and microgravity conditions, and to predict the performance of VRA reactor under microgravity conditions. Catalyst oxidation kinetics and the total oxygen-water contact area control the efficiency of catalyst oxidation for mass transfer, which depends on oxygen gas holdup and distribution in the reactor. The process involves bubbly flow in porous media with chemical reactions in microgravity environment. This presents a unique problem in fluid dynamics that has not been studied. Guo et al. (2004) developed a mathematical model that predicts oxygen holdup in the VRA reactor. No mathematical model has been found in the literature that can be used to predict the efficiency of catalyst oxidation under microgravity conditions.

Photodetachment of Zwitterions: Probing Intramolecular Coulomb Repulsion and Attraction in the Gas Phase Using Mono- Decarboxylated Pyridinium Dicarboxylates. Implications on the Mechanism of Orotidine 5' -Monophosphate Decarboxylase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Xue B.; Dacres, J E.; Yang, Xin

2003-11-11

Negative ion photoelectron spectra resulting from the decarboxylation of nine zwitterionic pyridinium dicarboxylates (D(x,y)) are reported. Structural assignments are made on the basis of analogy to the spectra of related species, labeling experiments with C-13- or H-2-containing substrates, independent syntheses, and comparison to density functional theory and ab initio (B3LYP and CCSD(T), respectively) results. In some cases, an acid-catalyzed isomerization of the D(xy)-CO2 ions was found to take place. Adiabatic detachment energies of the resulting zwitterionic ions were measured and are well reproduced by theory. The relative stabilities of the D(x,Y)- CO2 decarboxylation products are largely determined by their intramolecularmore » electrostatic interactions, which are directly probed by the photoelectron spectra and were analyzed in terms of the resulting Coulombic forces. Expulsion of carbon dioxide from the D(x,y) ions was also used as an electrostatic model to probe the mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP). It was found that the loss of CO2 from these zwitterions; and from oxygen-protonated OMP is retarded by the presence of an additional anionic group. This suggests that the formation of a zwitterion intermediate in the enzyme-catalyzed transformation of OMP to UMP may have less of an energetic impact than commonly thought and could be a''red herring''. If so, the electrostatic stress mechanism proposed by Larsen et al. and Pai, Guo, and co-workers maybe followed.« less

Sun Yat-Sen (1866-1925), a man to cure patients and the nation - his early years and medical career.

PubMed

Ma, K W

1996-08-01

"The top physician cures the nation first, and then the people." This is a saying recorded in the Guo Yu, the ancient Chinese book of history. Another saying is that one may choose "To be either a good prime minister or a good doctor", by Fan Zhong-Yan (989-1052), a high official. Such sayings reflect the aspirations of many Chinese literary men in the past. This aspiration to high office had been particularly popular among the Confucian physicians since the eleventh century AD, underlining the point of view that the curing of patients by a good physician was just like a good prime minister administering a nation. Hence, many Confucian scholars and men of letters took medicine either as a career or as a charitable exercise as well as a way to fulfil filial piety for preserving themselves and their families, especially if they had failed to be a candidate for an official position. Quite a few officials also followed suit, especially when they experienced difficulties in their posts, like being demoted, or sacked. However, none of them had ever become head of the nation, or a revolutionary, or exerted so profound an influence upon the history of China as Sun Yat-Sen, who started his career as a physician, became a democratic revolutionary and overthrew the Qing monarchy and founded the republic, is not only unique in the history of China, but in the history of medicine as well. The year 1996 is the hundred and thirtieth anniversary of his birth. This article marks this occasion.

Formation of formaldehyde adducts in the reactions of DNA and deoxyribonucleosides with alpha-acetates of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).

PubMed

Cheng, Guang; Wang, Mingyao; Upadhyaya, Pramod; Villalta, Peter W; Hecht, Stephen S

2008-03-01

The cytochrome P450-mediated alpha-hydroxylation of the carcinogenic nitrosamines N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA, 1), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 6a), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, 6b) produces diazonium ions and formaldehyde. The DNA-binding properties of the diazonium ions have been thoroughly characterized, and there is no doubt that they are critical in cancer induction by these nitrosamines. However, the possibility of additional DNA damage via released formaldehyde has not been reported. In this study, we used acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine (5), 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (10a), and 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (10b) as stable precursors to the alpha-hydroxymethylnitrosamines that would be formed in the metabolism of NDMA, NNK, and NNAL. These alpha-acetates were incubated with calf thymus DNA in the presence of esterase at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. The DNA was isolated and enzymatically hydrolyzed to deoxyribonucleosides, and the hydrolysates were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring for formaldehyde DNA adducts. Convincing evidence for the formation of the formaldehyde adducts N6-hydroxymethyl-dAdo (11), N4-hydroxymethyl-dCyd (12), N2-hydroxymethyl-dGuo (13), and the cross-links di-(N6-deoxyadenosyl)methane (14), (N6-deoxyadenosyl- N2-deoxyguanosyl)methane (15), and di-(N2-deoxyguanosyl)methane (16) was obtained in these reactions. These results demonstrate that NDMA, NNK, and NNAL have the potential to be bident carcinogens, damaging DNA through the metabolic formation of both diazonium ions and formaldehyde.

Some observational tests of a minimal galaxy formation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cohn, J. D.

2017-04-01

Dark matter simulations can serve as a basis for creating galaxy histories via the galaxy-dark matter connection. Here, one such model by Becker is implemented with several variations on three different dark matter simulations. Stellar mass and star formation rates are assigned to all simulation subhaloes at all times, using subhalo mass gain to determine stellar mass gain. The observational properties of the resulting galaxy distributions are compared to each other and observations for a range of redshifts from 0 to 2. Although many of the galaxy distributions seem reasonable, there are noticeable differences as simulations, subhalo mass gain definitions or subhalo mass definitions are altered, suggesting that the model should change as these properties are varied. Agreement with observations may improve by including redshift dependence in the added-by-hand random contribution to star formation rate. There appears to be an excess of faint quiescent galaxies as well (perhaps due in part to differing definitions of quiescence). The ensemble of galaxy formation histories for these models tend to have more scatter around their average histories (for a fixed final stellar mass) than the two more predictive and elaborate semi-analytic models of Guo et al. and Henriques et al., and require more basis fluctuations (using principal component analysis) to capture 90 per cent of the scatter around their average histories. The codes to plot model predictions (in some cases alongside observational data) are publicly available to test other mock catalogues at https://github.com/jdcphysics/validation/. Information on how to use these codes is in Appendix A.

In situ intracellular calcium oscillations in osteocytes in intact mouse long bones under dynamic mechanical loading

PubMed Central

Jing, Da; Baik, Andrew D.; Lu, X. Lucas; Zhou, Bin; Lai, Xiaohan; Wang, Liyun; Luo, Erping; Guo, X. Edward

2014-01-01

Osteocytes have been hypothesized to be the major mechanosensors in bone. How in situ osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli is still unclear because of technical difficulties. In vitro studies have shown that osteocytes exhibited unique calcium (Ca2+) oscillations to fluid shear. However, whether this mechanotransduction phenomenon holds for in situ osteocytes embedded within a mineralized bone matrix under dynamic loading remains unknown. Using a novel synchronized loading/imaging technique, we successfully visualized in real time and quantified Ca2+ responses in osteocytes and bone surface cells in situ under controlled dynamic loading on intact mouse tibia. The resultant fluid-induced shear stress on the osteocyte in the lacunocanalicular system (LCS) was also quantified. Osteocytes, but not surface cells, displayed repetitive Ca2+ spikes in response to dynamic loading, with spike frequency and magnitude dependent on load magnitude, tissue strain, and shear stress in the LCS. The Ca2+ oscillations were significantly reduced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depletion and P2 purinergic receptor (P2R)/phospholipase C (PLC) inhibition. This study provides direct evidence that osteocytes respond to in situ mechanical loading by Ca2+ oscillations, which are dependent on the P2R/PLC/inositol trisphosphate/ER pathway. This study develops a novel approach in skeletal mechanobiology and also advances our fundamental knowledge of bone mechanotransduction.—Jing, D., Baik, A. D., Lu, X. L., Zhou, B., Lai, X., Wang, L., Luo, E., Guo, X. E. In situ intracellular calcium oscillations in osteocytes in intact mouse long bones under dynamic mechanical loading. PMID:24347610

Radiation Environment at GEO from the FY2G Satellite Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, C.

2016-12-01

WANG Chun-Qin1,2*, Zhang Shen-Yi1,2 Jing Tao1,2, Zhang Huan-Xin1,2 Li Jia-Wei3 Zhang Xiao-Xin3 Sun Yue-Qiang1,2 Liang Jin-Bao1,2 Wei Fei1,2 Shen Guo-Hong1,2 Huang Cong3 Shi Chun-Yan1,21.National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Beijing 100190,China 3.National Satellite Meteorological Center, National Center for Space Weather, Beijing 100081, China; Abstract Recent measurements of the high energy electrons and protons with energetic particle instrument carried on the FY-2G satellite are presented. The instrument consist of two detectors-the high energy electrons instrument which can measure 200keV to greater than 4MeV electrons with eleven channels, and the high energy protons and heavy ions instrument which mainly senses incident flux of solar protons with seven channels from 4MeV to 300 MeV. The paper shows electrons and protons observations from Jan 2015 until Oct 2015. A precise description and preliminary analysis of particle dynamic during disturbances of magnetic storms、substorms and solar eruptions suggest that both of the detectors show accurate response to various disturbances and provide refined particles data. Comparison results of FY2G satellite with GOES series satellites reflect obvious local difference in particle flux evolvement especially during intensive disturbances time, which can be helpful for data assimilation of multi-satellite as well as further research in more complicated magnetosphere energy particle dynamic.

Chronic moderate alcohol consumption relieves high-fat high-cholesterol diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model.

PubMed

Sun, Furong; Zhuang, Zhenjie; Zhang, Dai; Chen, Yushuai; Liu, Shu; Gao, Nan; Shi, Junping; Wang, Bingyuan

2018-05-30

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a worldwide health issue and chronic alcohol consumption may have different effects on this disease. This study explored the role of chronic moderate alcohol consumption on high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rodent model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: standard chow group, standard chow plus Er Guo Tou (EGT, a Chinese spirits made from fermented cereals) group, HFHC group, HFHC plus EGT group, and HFHC plus pure ethanol group. Rats were fed standard chow or HFHC chow for 12 weeks. EGT or pure ethanol was administrated at a daily dose of 4 g/kg body weight via intra-gastric gavage from the week four. At the end of week 12, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red and immunohistochemistry of liver sections were examined. The hepatic expression of F4/80, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, α-SMA, Collagen, TGF-β, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 was calculated. Both moderate EGT and pure ethanol did not increase plasma endotoxin in the portal vein comparing with the FHFC group. EGT and pure ethanol did not improve hepatic inflammation, but ameliorated liver fibrosis in histology. Moderate EGT and pure ethanol ameliorated HFHC diet-induced activation of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. In conclusion, chronic moderate EGT and pure ethanol could ameliorate HFHC diet-induced liver fibrosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Premature remodeling of fat body and fat mobilization triggered by platelet-derived growth factor/VEGF receptor in Drosophila.

PubMed

Zheng, Huimei; Wang, Xuexiang; Guo, Pengfei; Ge, Wanzhong; Yan, Qinfeng; Gao, Weiqiang; Xi, Yongmei; Yang, Xiaohang

2017-05-01

In Drosophila, fat-body remodeling accompanied with fat mobilization is an ecdysone-induced dynamic process that only occurs during metamorphosis. Here, we show that the activated Drosophila platelet-derived growth factor/VEGF receptor (PVR) is sufficient to induce shape changes in the fat body, from thin layers of tightly conjugated polygonal cells to clusters of disaggregated round-shaped cells. These morphologic changes are reminiscent of those seen during early pupation upon initiation of fat-body remodeling. Activation of PVR also triggers an early onset of lipolysis and mobilization of internal storage, as revealed by the appearance of small lipid droplets and up-regulated lipolysis-related genes. We found that PVR displays a dynamic expression pattern in the fat body and peaks at the larval-prepupal transition under the control of ecdysone signaling. Removal of PVR, although it does not prevent ecdysone-induced fat-body remodeling, causes ecdysone signaling to be up-regulated. Our data reveal that PVR is active in a dual-secured mechanism that involves an ecdysone-induced fat-body remodeling pathway and a reinforced PVR pathway for effective lipid mobilization. Ectopic expression of activated c-kit-the mouse homolog of PVR in the Drosophila fat body-also results in a similar phenotype. This may suggest a novel function of c-kit as it relates to lipid metabolism in mammals.-Zheng, H., Wang, X., Guo, P., Ge, W., Yan, Q., Gao, W., Xi, Y., Yang, X. Premature remodeling of fat body and fat mobilization triggered by platelet-derived growth factor/VEGF receptor in Drosophila . © FASEB.

Classifying Chinese Questions Related to Health Care Posted by Consumers Via the Internet.

PubMed

Guo, Haihong; Na, Xu; Hou, Li; Li, Jiao

2017-06-20

In question answering (QA) system development, question classification is crucial for identifying information needs and improving the accuracy of returned answers. Although the questions are domain-specific, they are asked by non-professionals, making the question classification task more challenging. This study aimed to classify health care-related questions posted by the general public (Chinese speakers) on the Internet. A topic-based classification schema for health-related questions was built by manually annotating randomly selected questions. The Kappa statistic was used to measure the interrater reliability of multiple annotation results. Using the above corpus, we developed a machine-learning method to automatically classify these questions into one of the following six classes: Condition Management, Healthy Lifestyle, Diagnosis, Health Provider Choice, Treatment, and Epidemiology. The consumer health question schema was developed with a four-hierarchical-level of specificity, comprising 48 quaternary categories and 35 annotation rules. The 2000 sample questions were coded with 2000 major codes and 607 minor codes. Using natural language processing techniques, we expressed the Chinese questions as a set of lexical, grammatical, and semantic features. Furthermore, the effective features were selected to improve the question classification performance. From the 6-category classification results, we achieved an average precision of 91.41%, recall of 89.62%, and F 1 score of 90.24%. In this study, we developed an automatic method to classify questions related to Chinese health care posted by the general public. It enables Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents to understand Internet users' information needs on health care. ©Haihong Guo, Xu Na, Li Hou, Jiao Li. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 20.06.2017.

A Boost for the Emerging Field of RNA Nanotechnology

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

This Nano Focus article highlights recent advances in RNA nanotechnology as presented at the First International Conference of RNA Nanotechnology and Therapeutics, which took place in Cleveland, OH, USA (October 23–25, 2010) (http://www.eng.uc.edu/nanomedicine/RNA2010/), chaired by Peixuan Guo and co-chaired by David Rueda and Scott Tenenbaum. The conference was the first of its kind to bring together more than 30 invited speakers in the frontier of RNA nanotechnology from France, Sweden, South Korea, China, and throughout the United States to discuss RNA nanotechnology and its applications. It provided a platform for researchers from academia, government, and the pharmaceutical industry to share existing knowledge, vision, technology, and challenges in the field and promoted collaborations among researchers interested in advancing this emerging scientific discipline. The meeting covered a range of topics, including biophysical and single-molecule approaches for characterization of RNA nanostructures; structure studies on RNA nanoparticles by chemical or biochemical approaches, computation, prediction, and modeling of RNA nanoparticle structures; methods for the assembly of RNA nanoparticles; chemistry for RNA synthesis, conjugation, and labeling; and application of RNA nanoparticles in therapeutics. A special invited talk on the well-established principles of DNA nanotechnology was arranged to provide models for RNA nanotechnology. An Administrator from National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer discussed the current nanocancer research directions and future funding opportunities at NCI. As indicated by the feedback received from the invited speakers and the meeting participants, this meeting was extremely successful, exciting, and informative, covering many groundbreaking findings, pioneering ideas, and novel discoveries. PMID:21604810

Infrared Laser Stark Spectroscopy and AB Initio Computations of the OH\\cdotsCO Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Tao; Raston, Paul; Douberly, Gary

2014-06-01

Following the sequential pick-up of OH and CO by helium nanodroplets, the infrared depletion spectrum is measured in the fundamental OH stretching region. Although several potentially accessible minima exist on the associated OH + CO reactive potential energy surface [e.g. J. Ma, J. Li, and H. Guo, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 (2012) 2482], such as the weakly bound OH-OC dimer and the chemically bound HOCO molecule, we only observe the weakly bound OH-CO dimer. The rovibrational spectrum of this complex displays narrow (0.02 cm-1) Lorentzian shaped peaks with spacings that are characteristic of a linear complex with unquenched electronic angular momentum, similar to what was previously observed in the gas phase [M.I. Lester, B.V. Pond, D.T. Anderson, L.B. Harding, and A.F. Wagner, J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 9889]. Analogous spectra involving OD were collected, for which we also only observe the OD-CO isomer. From the Stark spectra, the dipole moments for OH-CO are determined to be 1.85(3) and 1.89(3) D for v=0 and v=1, respectively, while the analogous dipole moments for OD-CO are determined to be 1.88(8) and 1.94(5) D. The computed equilibrium ground state dipole moment at the CCSD(T)/Def2-TZVPD level of theory is 2.185 D, in disagreement with experiment. The role of vibrational averaging is investigated via the solution of a three-dimensional vibrational Schrödinger equation, which is constructed in internal bond-angle coordinates. The computed expectation value of the ground state dipole moment is in excellent agreement with experiment, indicating a floppy molecular complex.

Consequences of acute oxidative stress in Leishmania amazonensis: From telomere shortening to the selection of the fittest parasites.

PubMed

da Silva, Marcelo Santos; Segatto, Marcela; Pavani, Raphael Souza; Gutierrez-Rodrigues, Fernanda; Bispo, Vanderson da Silva; de Medeiros, Marisa Helena Gennari; Calado, Rodrigo Tocantins; Elias, Maria Carolina; Cano, Maria Isabel Nogueira

2017-01-01

Leishmaniasis is a spectrum of diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania that affects millions of people around the world. During infection, the parasites use different strategies to survive the host's defenses, including overcoming exposure to reactive oxidant species (ROS), responsible for causing damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. This damage especially affects telomeres, which frequently results in genome instability, senescence and cell death. Telomeres are the physical ends of the chromosomes composed of repetitive DNA coupled with proteins, whose function is to protect the chromosomes termini and avoid end-fusion and nucleolytic degradation. In this work, we induced acute oxidative stress in promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis by treating parasites with 2mM hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) for 1h, which was able to increase intracellular ROS levels. In addition, oxidative stress induced DNA damage, as confirmed by 8-oxodGuo quantification and TUNEL assays and the dissociation of LaRPA-1 from the 3' G-overhang, leading to telomere shortening. Moreover, LaRPA-1 was observed to interact with newly formed C-rich single-stranded telomeric DNA, probably as a consequence of the DNA damage response. Nonetheless, acute oxidative stress caused the death of some of the L. amazonensis population and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in survivor parasites, which were able to continue proliferating and replicating DNA and became more resistant to oxidative stress. Taken together, these results suggest that adaptation occurs through the selection of the fittest parasites in terms of repairing oxidative DNA damage at telomeres and maintaining genome stability in a stressful environment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DNA damage and glutathione level in children with asthma bronchiale: effect of antiasthmatic therapy.

PubMed

Hasbal, Canan; Aksu, Bagdagul Y; Himmetoglu, Solen; Dincer, Yildiz; Koc, Eylem E; Hatipoglu, Sami; Akcay, Tulay

2010-06-01

When the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the capacity of antioxidant defences, a condition known as oxidative stress occurs and it has been implicated in many pathological conditions including asthma. Interaction of ROS with DNA may result in mutagenic oxidative base modifications such as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo) and DNA strand breaks. Reduced glutathione (GSH) serves as a powerful antioxidant against harmful effects of ROS. The aim of this study was to describe DNA damage as level of DNA strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-sensitive sites, which reflects oxidative DNA damage and GSH level in children with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma; and to examine the effect of antiasthmatic therapy on these DNA damage parameters and GSH level. Before and after 8 wk of antiasthmatic therapy blood samples were taken, DNA strand breaks and Fpg-sensitive sites in peripheral leukocytes were determined by comet assay, GSH level of whole blood was measured by spectrophotometric method. DNA strand breaks and Fpg-sensitive sites in the asthma group were found to be increased as compared with control group. GSH level in the asthma group was not significantly different from those in the control group. Levels of strand breaks, Fpg-sensitive sites and GSH were found to be decreased in the asthma group after the treatment. In conclusion, oxidative DNA damage (strand breaks and Fpg-sensitive sites) is at a high level in children with asthma. DNA damage parameters and GSH level were found to be decreased after therapy. Our findings imply that antiasthmatic therapy including glucocorticosteroids not only controls asthma but also decreases mutation risk in children with asthma bronchiale.

N-Arachidonyl Glycine Does Not Activate G Protein–Coupled Receptor 18 Signaling via Canonical Pathways

PubMed Central

Lu, Van B.; Puhl, Henry L.

2013-01-01

Recent studies propose that N-arachidonyl glycine (NAGly), a carboxylic analogue of anandamide, is an endogenous ligand of the Gαi/o protein–coupled receptor 18 (GPR18). However, a high-throughput β-arrestin–based screen failed to detect activation of GPR18 by NAGly (Yin et al., 2009; JBC, 18:12328). To address this inconsistency, this study investigated GPR18 coupling in a native neuronal system with endogenous signaling pathways and effectors. GPR18 was heterologously expressed in rat sympathetic neurons, and the modulation of N-type (Cav2.2) calcium channels was examined. Proper expression and trafficking of receptor were confirmed by the “rim-like” fluorescence of fluorescently tagged receptor and the positive staining of external hemagglutinin-tagged GPR18-expressing cells. Application of NAGly on GPR18-expressing neurons did not inhibit calcium currents but instead potentiated currents in a voltage-dependent manner, similar to what has previously been reported (Guo et al., 2008; J Neurophysiol, 100:1147). Other proposed agonists of GPR18, including anandamide and abnormal cannabidiol, also failed to induce inhibition of calcium currents. Mutants of GPR18, designed to constitutively activate receptors, did not tonically inhibit calcium currents, indicating a lack of GPR18 activation or coupling to endogenous G proteins. Other downstream effectors of Gαi/o-coupled receptors, G protein–coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylate cyclase, were not modulated by GPR18 signaling. Furthermore, GPR18 did not couple to other G proteins tested: Gαs, Gαz, and Gα15. These results suggest NAGly is not an agonist for GPR18 or that GPR18 signaling involves noncanonical pathways not examined in these studies. PMID:23104136

Electron energization mechanisms in collisionless magnetic reconnection for different guide-field intensities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pucci, F.; Usami, S.; Guo, X.; Ji, H.; Horiuchi, R.; Okamura, S.

2017-12-01

Electron dynamics and energization are a key component of magnetic field dissipation in collisionless reconnection. Indeed, in 2D reconnection, the main mechanism that limits the current density and provides the resistivity most probably relies on the electron pressure tensor term which has been shown to break the frozen-in condition at the x-point (Ishizawa and Horiuchi 2005; Horiuchi et al. 2014). In addition the electron-meandering-orbit scale controls the width of the electron dissipation region around the x-point, where the electron temperature is observed to increase, so understanding the electron heating mechanism is fundamental for magnetic reconnection. It has been shown by Guo et al. 2017 that for a 2D high guide field configuration (Bz/B0 = 3) electron perpendicular heating is mainly due to the breaking of magnetic moment conservation in the separatrix region while electron perpendicular acceleration takes place mainly in the downstream near the X-point. Electron velocity distributions have been shown to exhibit highly structured features within a few electron skin depths from the X line (Bessho et al. 2014) as well as in the exhaust (Shuster et al. 2014). By means of two-dimensional, full-particle simulations in an open system (Pei et al. 2001; Ohtani and R. Horiuchi 2009), we investigate how the energization mechanism depends on the guide field intensity. We compare electron distribution functions as well as particles orbits, in the electron diffusion region and the exhaust, in order to clarify the preferential electron heating/acceleration in two-dimensional systems. We will then compare our results with observations using the present catalogue of MMS diffusion region crossings.

Part-per-trillion level detection of estradiol by competitive fluorescence immunoassay using DNA/dye conjugate as antibody multiple labels.

PubMed

Zhu, Shengchao; Zhang, Qin; Guo, Liang-Hong

2008-08-22

Fluorescent organic dyes are currently the standard signal-generating labels used in microarray quantification. However, new labeling strategies are needed to meet the demand for high sensitivity in the detection of low-abundance proteins and small molecules. In this report, a long-chain DNA/dye conjugate was used to attach multiple fluorescence labels on antibodies to improve signal intensity and immunoassay sensitivity. Compared with the 30 base-pair (bp) oligonucleotide used in our previous work [Q. Zhang, L.-H. Guo, Bioconjugate Chem. 18 (2007) 1668-1672], conjugation of a 219 bp DNA in solution with a fluorescent DNA binder SYBR Green I resulted in more than sixfold increase in signal intensity, consistent with the increase in bp number. In a direct immunoassay for the detection of goat anti-mouse IgG in a mouse IgG-coated 96-well plate, the long DNA conjugate label also produced higher fluorescence than the short one, accompanied by about 15-fold improvement in the detection limit. To demonstrate its advantage in real applications, the DNA/dye conjugate was employed in the competitive immunoassay of 17beta-estradiol, a clinically and environmentally important analyte. The biotin-terminated DNA was attached to biotinylated anti-estradiol antibody through the biotin/streptavidin/biotin bridge after the immuno-reaction was completed, followed by conjugation with SYBR Green I. The limit of detection for 17beta-estradiol is 1.9 pg mL(-1), which is 200-fold lower than the assay using fluorescein-labeled antibodies. The new multiple labeling strategy uses readily available reagents, and is also compatible with current biochip platform. It has great potential in the sensitive detection of protein and antibody microarrays.

Evaluation of skill at simulating heatwave and heat-humidity indices in Global and Regional Climate Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldie, J. K.; Alexander, L. V.; Lewis, S. C.; Sherwood, S. C.

2017-12-01

A wide body of literature now establishes the harm of extreme heat on human health, and work is now emerging on the projection of future health impacts. However, heat-health relationships vary across different populations (Gasparrini et al. 2015), so accurate simulation of regional climate is an important component of joint health impact projection. Here, we evaluate the ability of nine Global Climate Models (GCMs) from CMIP5 and the NARCliM Regional Climate Model to reproduce a selection of 15 health-relevant heatwave and heat-humidity indices over the historical period (1990-2005) using the Perkins skill score (Perkins et al. 2007) in five Australian cities. We explore the reasons for poor model skill, comparing these modelled distributions to both weather station observations and gridded reanalysis data. Finally, we show changes in the modelled distributions from the highest-performing models under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 greenhouse gas scenarios and discuss the implications of simulated heat stress for future climate change adaptation. ReferencesGasparrini, Antonio, Yuming Guo, Masahiro Hashizume, Eric Lavigne, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel Schwartz, Aurelio Tobias, et al. "Mortality Risk Attributable to High and Low Ambient Temperature: A Multicountry Observational Study." The Lancet 386, no. 9991 (July 31, 2015): 369-75. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0. Perkins, S. E., A. J. Pitman, N. J. Holbrook, and J. McAneney. "Evaluation of the AR4 Climate Models' Simulated Daily Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, and Precipitation over Australia Using Probability Density Functions." Journal of Climate 20, no. 17 (September 1, 2007): 4356-76. doi:10.1175/JCLI4253.1.

The Emergence of Kinked Flux Tubes as the Source of Delta-Spots on the Photosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knizhnik, K. J.; Linton, M.; Norton, A. A.; DeVore, C. R.

2017-12-01

It has been observationally well established that the magnetic configurations most favorable to producing energetic flaring events reside in so called delta-spots. These delta-spots are a subclass of sunspots, and are classified as sunspots which have umbrae (dark regions in the interior of sunspots) with opposite magnetic polarities that share a common penumbra. They are characterized by strong rotation and an extremely compact magnetic configuration, and are observed to follow an inverse-Hale law. They are also observed to have strong twist. It has been shown that over 90% of X-class flares that occurred during solar cycles 22 and 23 originated in delta-spots (Guo, Lin & Deng, 2014). Understanding the origin of delta-spots, therefore, is a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of space weather forecasting. In this work, we argue that delta-spots arise during the emergence of kinked flux tubes into the corona, and that their unique properties are due to the emergence of knots present in the kink mode of twisted flux tubes. We present numerical simulations that study the emergence of both kink-stable and unstable flux tubes into the solar corona, and demonstrate quantitatively that their photospheric signatures are drastically different, with the latter flux tubes demonstrating strong coherent rotation and a very tight flux distribution on the photosphere. We show that the coronal magnetic field resulting from the emergence of a kinked flux tube contains more free energy than the unkinked case, potentially leading to more energetic flares. We discuss the implications of our simulations for observations. This work was supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the National Research Council.

Histone methyltransferase Dot1L plays a role in postembryonic development in Xenopus tropicalis

PubMed Central

Wen, Luan; Fu, Liezhen; Guo, Xiaogang; Chen, Yonglong; Shi, Yun-Bo

2015-01-01

Histone methylations have been implicated to play important roles in diverse cellular processes. Of particular interest is the methylation of histone H3K79, which is catalyzed by an evolutionarily conserved methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing (Dot1)-like (Dot1L). To investigate the role of Dot1L during vertebrate development, we have generated a Dot1L-specific transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) nuclease to knockdown endogenous Dot1L in Xenopus tropicalis, a diploid species highly related to the well-known developmental model Xenopus laevis, a pseudotetraploid amphibian. We show that the TALEN was extremely efficient in mutating Dot1L when expressed in fertilized eggs, creating essentially Dot1L knockout embryos with little H3K79 methylation. Importantly, we observed that Dot1L knockdown had no apparent effect on embryogenesis because normally feeding tadpoles were formed, consistent with the lack of maternal Dot1L expression. On the other hand, Dot1L knockdown severely retarded the growth of the tadpoles and led to tadpole lethality prior to metamorphosis. These findings suggest that Dot1L and H3K79 methylation play an important role for tadpole growth and development prior to metamorphosis into a frog. Our findings further reveal interesting similarities and differences between Xenopus and mouse development and suggest the existence of 2 separate phases of vertebrate development with distinct requirements for epigenetic modifications.—Wen, L., Fu, L., Guo, X., Chen, Y., Shi, Y.-B. Histone methyltransferase Dot1L plays a role in postembryonic development in Xenopus tropicalis. PMID:25366346

A dynamic dual process model of risky decision making.

PubMed

Diederich, Adele; Trueblood, Jennifer S

2018-03-01

Many phenomena in judgment and decision making are often attributed to the interaction of 2 systems of reasoning. Although these so-called dual process theories can explain many types of behavior, they are rarely formalized as mathematical or computational models. Rather, dual process models are typically verbal theories, which are difficult to conclusively evaluate or test. In the cases in which formal (i.e., mathematical) dual process models have been proposed, they have not been quantitatively fit to experimental data and are often silent when it comes to the timing of the 2 systems. In the current article, we present a dynamic dual process model framework of risky decision making that provides an account of the timing and interaction of the 2 systems and can explain both choice and response-time data. We outline several predictions of the model, including how changes in the timing of the 2 systems as well as time pressure can influence behavior. The framework also allows us to explore different assumptions about how preferences are constructed by the 2 systems as well as the dynamic interaction of the 2 systems. In particular, we examine 3 different possible functional forms of the 2 systems and 2 possible ways the systems can interact (simultaneously or serially). We compare these dual process models with 2 single process models using risky decision making data from Guo, Trueblood, and Diederich (2017). Using this data, we find that 1 of the dual process models significantly outperforms the other models in accounting for both choices and response times. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Rapid and sensitive analysis of 27 underivatized free amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides in fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle using HILIC-UHPLC-QTRAP(®)/MS (2) combined with chemometrics methods.

PubMed

Zhou, Guisheng; Wang, Mengyue; Li, Yang; Peng, Ying; Li, Xiaobo

2015-08-01

In the present study, a new strategy based on chemical analysis and chemometrics methods was proposed for the comprehensive analysis and profiling of underivatized free amino acids (FAAs) and small peptides among various Luo-Han-Guo (LHG) samples. Firstly, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters were optimized using Plackett-Burman (PB) screening and Box-Behnken designs (BBD), and the following optimal UAE conditions were obtained: ultrasound power of 280 W, extraction time of 43 min, and the solid-liquid ratio of 302 mL/g. Secondly, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 24 FAAs and 3 active small peptides in LHG at trace levels using hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-QTRAP(®)/MS(2)). The analytical method was validated by matrix effects, linearity, LODs, LOQs, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. Thirdly, the proposed optimal UAE conditions and analytical methods were applied to measurement of LHG samples. It was shown that LHG was rich in essential amino acids, which were beneficial nutrient substances for human health. Finally, based on the contents of the 27 analytes, the chemometrics methods of unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised counter propagation artificial neural network (CP-ANN) were applied to differentiate and classify the 40 batches of LHG samples from different cultivated forms, regions, and varieties. As a result, these samples were mainly clustered into three clusters, which illustrated the cultivating disparity among the samples. In summary, the presented strategy had potential for the investigation of edible plants and agricultural products containing FAAs and small peptides.

Development of radiation tolerant monolithic active pixel sensors with fast column parallel read-out

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koziel, M.; Dorokhov, A.; Fontaine, J.-C.; De Masi, R.; Winter, M.

2010-12-01

Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) [1] (Turchetta et al., 2001) are being developed at IPHC—Strasbourg to equip the EUDET telescope [2] (Haas, 2006) and vertex detectors for future high energy physics experiments, including the STAR upgrade at RHIC [3] (T.S. Collaboration, 2005) and the CBM experiment at FAIR/GSI [4] (Heuser, 2006). High granularity, low material budget and high read-out speed are systematically required for most applications, complemented, for some of them, with high radiation tolerance. A specific column-parallel architecture, implemented in the MIMOSA-22 sensor, was developed to achieve fast read-out MAPS. Previous studies of the front-end architecture integrated in this sensor, which includes in-pixel amplification, have shown that the fixed pattern noise increase consecutive to ionizing radiation can be controlled by means of a negative feedback [5] (Hu-Guo et al., 2008). However, an unexpected rise of the temporal noise was observed. A second version of this chip (MIMOSA-22bis) was produced in order to search for possible improvements of the radiation tolerance, regarding this type of noise. In this prototype, the feedback transistor was tuned in order to mitigate the sensitivity of the pixel to ionizing radiation. The performances of the pixels after irradiation were investigated for two types of feedback transistors: enclosed layout transistor (ELT) [6] (Snoeys et al., 2000) and "standard" transistor with either large or small transconductance. The noise performance of all test structures was studied in various conditions (expected in future experiments) regarding temperature, integration time and ionizing radiation dose. Test results are presented in this paper. Based on these observations, ideas for further improvement of the radiation tolerance of column parallel MAPS are derived.

Systematic assessment of the representativeness of published collections of the traditional literature on Chinese medicine.

PubMed

May, Brian H; Lu, Yubo; Lu, Chuanjian; Zhang, Anthony L; Chang, Suyueh; Xue, Charlie C L

2013-05-01

The traditional Chinese medical literature provides a substantial resource for natural products research. When undertaking systematic searches, investigators need to assess the scope, content, and relevance of collections both singly and in comparison. This study examines eight collections of pre-modern literature, develops an approach to quantitatively assess their content, and compares their relative inclusivity. All publications listed in each collection were collated and a uniform scoring system was developed to account for variant editions, incorporation of multiple books under a single title, addition of commentaries, and other factors affecting content. Comparisons were undertaken between collections to determine the degree of overlap, genres of literature represented, and relevance to natural products research. Following adjustments for differences in how books were listed, duplications, and variant editions, Zhong Hua Yi Dian (Encyclopaedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine) (4th edition CD) is the largest collection of complete books containing 1009 different books. Zhong Guo Ben Cao Quan Shu (The Complete Collection of Traditional Texts on Chinese Materia Medica) contains 2026 titles including multiple editions and extracts, so after adjustments the number of different complete books is approximately 740. No collection was fully inclusive of the others, but Zhong Hua Yi Dian includes between 52.1% and 91.5% of the books in the six smaller collections. Comparing traditional collections is complex due to variant editions and multiple titles. This necessitates examination of the text rather than title alone. Prior to undertaking systematic searches, the characteristics of collections need to be investigated, duplicated books identified, and differences between editions should be assessed. Its size, electronic format, and broad spread of genres makes Zhong Hua Yi Dian suitable for systematic searches, but due to the lack of bibliographical detail on included

A comparative study of the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, X.; Deng, X.-L.; Jiang, L.

2018-07-01

In this work, the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically to find a reasonable nonlinear theoretical model which can be applied to predict the interface evolution from the linear stage to the early nonlinear stage. The cut-cell-based sharp-interface methods MuSiC+ (Chang et al. in J Comput Phys 242:946-990, 2013) and CCGF (Bai and Deng in Adv Appl Math Mech 9(5):1052-1075, 2017) are applied to generate numerical results for comparisons. Classical Air-SF6 and Air-Helium conditions are applied in this study, and initial amplitude and Atwood number are varied for comparison. Comparisons to the simulation results from the literature show the applicability of MuSiC+ and CCGF. Comparisons to the nonlinear theoretical models show that ZS (Zhang and Sohn in Phys Lett A 212:149-155, 1996; Phys Fluids 9:1106-1124, 1997), SEA (Sadot et al. in Phys Rev Lett 80:1654-1657, 1998), and DR (Dimonte and Ramaprabhu in Phys Fluids 22:014104, 2010) models are valid for both spike and bubble growth rates, and MIK (Mikaelian in Phys Rev E 67:026319, 2003) and ZG (Zhang and Guo in J Fluid Mech 786:47-61, 2016) models are valid for bubble growth rate, when the initial perturbation is small and the Atwood number is low, but only the DR model is applicable for both spike and bubble growth rates when the initial perturbation amplitude and the Atwood number are large. A new term of non-dimensional initial perturbation amplitude is presented and multiplied to the DR model to get a unified fitted DR model, which gives consistent results to the simulation ones for small and large initial amplitudes.

Study on a multi-delay spectral interferometry for stellar radial velocity measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Kai; Jiang, Haijiao; Tang, Jin; Ji, Hangxin; Zhu, Yongtian; Wang, Liang

2014-08-01

High accuracy radial velocity measurement isn't only one of the most important methods for detecting earth-like Exoplanets, but also one of the main developing fields of astronomical observation technologies in future. Externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) generates a kind of particular interference spectrum through combining a fixed-delay interferometer with a medium-resolution spectrograph. It effectively enhances radial velocity measuring accuracy by several times. Another further study on multi-delay interferometry was gradually developed after observation success with only a fixed-delay, and its relative instrumentation makes more impressive performance in near Infrared band. Multi-delay is capable of giving wider coverage from low to high frequency in Fourier field so that gives a higher accuracy in radial velocity measurement. To study on this new technology and verify its feasibility at Guo Shoujing telescope (LAMOST), an experimental instrumentation with single fixed-delay named MESSI has been built and tested at our lab. Another experimental study on multi-delay spectral interferometry given here is being done as well. Basically, this multi-delay experimental system is designed in according to the similar instrument named TEDI at Palomar observatory and the preliminary test result of MESSI. Due to existence of LAMOST spectrograph at lab, a multi-delay interferometer design actually dominates our work. It's generally composed of three parts, respectively science optics, phase-stabilizing optics and delay-calibrating optics. To switch different fixed delays smoothly during observation, the delay-calibrating optics is possibly useful to get high repeatability during switching motion through polychromatic interferometry. Although this metrology is based on white light interferometry in theory, it's different that integrates all of interference signals independently obtained by different monochromatic light in order to avoid dispersion error caused by

Development of the Packed Bed Reactor ISS Flight Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patton, Martin O.; Bruzas, Anthony E.; Rame, Enrique; Motil, Brian J.

2012-01-01

Packed bed reactors are compact, require minimum power and maintenance to operate, and are highly reliable. These features make this technology a leading candidate as a potential unit operation in support of long duration human space exploration. On earth, this type of reactor accounts for approximately 80% of all the reactors used in the chemical process industry today. Development of this technology for space exploration is truly crosscutting with many other potential applications (e.g., in-situ chemical processing of planetary materials and transport of nutrients through soil). NASA is developing an ISS experiment to address this technology with particular focus on water reclamation and air revitalization. Earlier research and development efforts funded by NASA have resulted in two hydrodynamic models which require validation with appropriate instrumentation in an extended microgravity environment. The first model developed by Motil et al., (2003) is based on a modified Ergun equation. This model was demonstrated at moderate gas and liquid flow rates, but extension to the lower flow rates expected in many advanced life support systems must be validated. The other model, developed by Guo et al., (2004) is based on Darcy s (1856) law for two-phase flow. This model has been validated for a narrow range of flow parameters indirectly (without full instrumentation) and included test points where the flow was not fully developed. The flight experiment presented will be designed with removable test sections to test the hydrodynamic models. The experiment will provide flexibility to test additional beds with different types of packing in the future. One initial test bed is based on the VRA (Volatile Removal Assembly), a packed bed reactor currently on ISS whose behavior in micro-gravity is not fully understood. Improving the performance of this system through an accurate model will increase our ability to purify water in the space environment.

Three-Dimensional Measurement Applied in Design Eye Point of Aircraft Cockpits.

PubMed

Wang, Yanyan; Guo, Xiaochao; Liu, Qingfeng; Xiao, Huajun; Bai, Yu

2018-04-01

Inappropriate design eye point (DEP) will lead to nonstandard sitting postures, including nonneutral head positions and other uncomfortable sitting postures, which are high risk factors for neck pain in fighter pilots exposed to high G forces. Therefore, application of a 3D measurement method to collect data regarding eye position while in the cruising sitting posture in the aircraft cockpit to guide the design eye point has been proposed. A total of 304 male fixed wing aircraft pilots were divided into two groups. Subgroup A (N = 48) were studied to define the cruising posture during flight. Subgroup B (N = 256) were studied with Romer 3D measurement equipment to locate the cruising eye position of the pilots in a simulated cockpit. The 3D data were compared to DEP data in the current standard cockpit. According to 3D measurement, the vertical distance from the cruising eye point to the neutral seat reference point was 759 mm, which is 36 mm lower than that of the Chinese standard DEP and also lower than the U.S. military standard. The horizontal distance was 131 mm, which is 24 mm shorter than that of the Chinese standard. The current DEP data cannot fulfill the needs of fighter pilots and should be amended according to the results of the 3D measurement so that pilots can acquire the optimal cruising posture in flight. This new method has the value of practical application to investigate cockpit ergonomics and the measurement data can guide DEP design.Wang Y, Guo X, Liu Q, Xiao H, Bai Y. Three-dimensional measurement applied in design eye point of aircraft cockpits. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(4):371-376.

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of a Cyclic 7,8-Butanoguanine Adduct of N-Nitrosopyrrolidine: Comparison to other N-Nitrosopyrrolidine Adducts in Rat Hepatic DNA

PubMed Central

Loureiro, Ana Paula M.; Zhang, Wenbing; Kassie, Fekadu; Zhang, Siyi; Villalta, Peter W.; Wang, Mingyao; Hecht, Stephen S.

2009-01-01

The well established rat hepatocarcinogen N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR, 1) requires metabolic activation to DNA adducts to express its carcinogenic activity. Among the NPYR-DNA adducts that have been identified, the cyclic 7,8-butanoguanine adduct 2-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-9-hydroxypyrido[2,1-f]purine-4(3H)-one (6), has been quantified using moderately sensitive methods, but its levels have never been compared to those of other DNA adducts of NPYR in rat hepatic DNA. Therefore, in this study, we developed a sensitive new LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM method for quantitation of adduct 6, and compared its levels to those of several other NPYR-DNA adducts formed by different mechanisms. The new method was shown to be accurate and precise, with good recoveries and low fmol detection limits. Rats were treated with NPYR by gavage at doses of 46, 92, or 184 mg/kg body weight and sacrificed 16 h later. Hepatic DNA was isolated and analyzed for NPYR-DNA adducts. Adduct 6 was by far the most prevalent, with levels ranging from about 900 – 3000 μmol/mol Gua and responsive to dose. Levels of adducts formed from crotonaldehyde, a metabolite of NPYR, were about 0.2 – 0.9 Pmol/mol dGuo, while those of adducts resulting from reaction with DNA of tetrahydrofuranyl- like intermediates were in the range of 0.01 – 4 μmol/mol deoxyribonucleoside. The results of this study demonstrate that, among typical NPYR-DNA adducts, adduct 6 is easily the most abundant in hepatic DNA. Since previous studies have shown that it can be detected in the urine of NPYR-treated rats, the results suggest that it is a potential candidate as a biomarker for assessing human exposure to and metabolic activation of NPYR. PMID:19761253

What do Simulations Predict for the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function and its Evolution in Different Environments?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vulcani, Benedetta; De Lucia, Gabriella; Poggianti, Bianca M.; Bundy, Kevin; More, Surhud; Calvi, Rosa

2014-06-01

We present a comparison between the observed galaxy stellar mass function and the one predicted from the De Lucia & Blaizot semi-analytic model applied to the Millennium Simulation, for cluster satellites and galaxies in the field (meant as a wide portion of the sky, including all environments), in the local universe (z ~ 0.06), and at intermediate redshift (z ~ 0.6), with the aim to shed light on the processes which regulate the mass distribution in different environments. While the mass functions in the field and in its finer environments (groups, binary, and single systems) are well matched in the local universe down to the completeness limit of the observational sample, the model overpredicts the number of low-mass galaxies in the field at z ~ 0.6 and in clusters at both redshifts. Above M * = 1010.25 M ⊙, it reproduces the observed similarity of the cluster and field mass functions but not the observed evolution. Our results point out two shortcomings of the model: an incorrect treatment of cluster-specific environmental effects and an overefficient galaxy formation at early times (as already found by, e.g., Weinmann et al.). Next, we consider only simulations. Also using the Guo et al. model, we find that the high-mass end of the mass functions depends on halo mass: only very massive halos host massive galaxies, with the result that their mass function is flatter. Above M * = 109.4 M ⊙, simulations show an evolution in the number of the most massive galaxies in all environments. Mass functions obtained from the two prescriptions are different, however, results are qualitatively similar, indicating that the adopted methods to model the evolution of central and satellite galaxies still have to be better implemented in semi-analytic models.

CGDM: collaborative genomic data model for molecular profiling data using NoSQL.

PubMed

Wang, Shicai; Mares, Mihaela A; Guo, Yi-Ke

2016-12-01

High-throughput molecular profiling has greatly improved patient stratification and mechanistic understanding of diseases. With the increasing amount of data used in translational medicine studies in recent years, there is a need to improve the performance of data warehouses in terms of data retrieval and statistical processing. Both relational and Key Value models have been used for managing molecular profiling data. Key Value models such as SeqWare have been shown to be particularly advantageous in terms of query processing speed for large datasets. However, more improvement can be achieved, particularly through better indexing techniques of the Key Value models, taking advantage of the types of queries which are specific for the high-throughput molecular profiling data. In this article, we introduce a Collaborative Genomic Data Model (CGDM), aimed at significantly increasing the query processing speed for the main classes of queries on genomic databases. CGDM creates three Collaborative Global Clustering Index Tables (CGCITs) to solve the velocity and variety issues at the cost of limited extra volume. Several benchmarking experiments were carried out, comparing CGDM implemented on HBase to the traditional SQL data model (TDM) implemented on both HBase and MySQL Cluster, using large publicly available molecular profiling datasets taken from NCBI and HapMap. In the microarray case, CGDM on HBase performed up to 246 times faster than TDM on HBase and 7 times faster than TDM on MySQL Cluster. In single nucleotide polymorphism case, CGDM on HBase outperformed TDM on HBase by up to 351 times and TDM on MySQL Cluster by up to 9 times. The CGDM source code is available at https://github.com/evanswang/CGDM. y.guo@imperial.ac.uk. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Analysis of observational records of Dae-gyupyo in Joseon Dynasty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mihn, Byeong-Hee; Lee, Ki-Won; Kim, Sang-Hyuk; Ahn, Young Sook; Lee, Yong Sam

2012-09-01

It is known that Dae-gyupyo (the Large Noon Gnomon) and So-gyupyo (the Small Noon Gnomon) were constructed in the reign of King Sejong (1418--1450) of the Joseon Dynasty. Gyupyo is an astronomical instrument for measuring the length of the shadow cast by a celestial body at the meridian passage time; it consists of two basic parts: a measuring scale and a vertical column. According to the Veritable Records of King Sejong and of King Myeongjong (1545--1567), the column of Dae-gyupyo was 40 Cheok (˜ 8 m) in height from the measuring scale and had a cross-bar, like the Guibiao of Shoujing Guo of the Yuan Dynasty in China. In the latter Veritable Records, three observations of the Sun on the date of the winter solstice and two of the full Moon on the first month in a luni-solar calendar are also recorded. In particular, the observational record of Dae-gyupyo for the Sun on Dec. 12, 1563 is ˜ 1 m shorter than the previous two records. To explain this, we investigated two possibilities: the vertical column was inclined, and the cross-bar was lowered. The cross-bar was attached to the column by a supporting arm; that should be installed at an angle of ˜ 36.9° to the north on the basis of a geometric structure inferred from the records of Yuanshi (History of the Yuan Dynasty). We found that it was possible that the vertical column was inclined ˜ 7.7° to the south or the supporting arm was tilted ˜ 58.3° downward. We suggest that the arm was tilted by ˜ 95° (= 36.9° + 58.3°).

Towards predicting coral calcification responses to ocean acidification: A combined modeling and experimental approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mollica, N. R.; Guo, W.; Cohen, A. L.; Foster, G. L.; Barkley, H.

2016-02-01

Experiments show that ocean acidification is detrimental to coral calcification. Nevertheless, coral sensitivities to OA vary and the mechanism(s) underlying these variable responses are not fully understood. One hypothesis is that ocean acidification affects the ability of coral's to regulate the pH of fluid at the site of calcification. We developed a numerical model of coral calcification that simulates corals' pH regulation based on physiochemical principles and predicts the rate of calcification [1]. Here we apply this model to Palauan corals, and seek to test the model's efficacy by comparing the predicted coral calcification responses with experimental measurements. Four coral cores were collected from two sites of different pH (7.84 and 8.04 respectively). Their bulk annual calcification rates, quantified from average density and extension rate measurements, vary from .83 to 1.39 g cm-2 year-1 for the low pH site and from 0.75 to 1.21 g cm-2 year-1for the high pH site. The higher bulk calcification rates observed in corals from the low pH site contrasts the expected general decrease in calcification in low pH seawater, and differs from our model prediction. We suspect this apparent discrepancy arises because fast-calcifying corals in low pH water are able to modulate the pH of fluid at the site of calcification. We test this hypothesis using boron isotope measurements from each coral. In addition, a more accurate measurement of instantaneous calcification, considering the number of corallites per measured area and the exact surface area of each polyp's 3-dimensional calcification site is applied. [1] Guo, W. (2014). AGU Fall Meeting, Abstract B41B-0033.

Induction of Macrophage Chemotaxis by Aortic Extracts from Patients with Marfan Syndrome Is Related to Elastin Binding Protein

PubMed Central

Guo, Gao; Gehle, Petra; Doelken, Sandra; Martin-Ventura, José Luis; von Kodolitsch, Yskert; Hetzer, Roland; Robinson, Peter N.

2011-01-01

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of connective tissue with prominent skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular manifestations. Aortic aneurysm and dissection are the major determinants of premature death in untreated patients. In previous work, we showed that extracts of aortic tissues from the mgR mouse model of Marfan syndrome showed increased chemotactic stimulatory activity related to the elastin-binding protein. Aortic samples were collected from 6 patients with Marfan syndrome and 8 with isolated aneurysms of the ascending aorta. Control samples were obtained from 11 organ donors without known vascular or connective tissue diseases. Soluble proteins extracted from the aortic samples of the two patient groups were compared against buffer controls and against the aortic samples from controls with respect to the ability to induce macrophage chemotaxis as measured using a modified Boyden chamber, as well as the reactivity to a monoclonal antibody BA4 against bioactive elastin peptides using ELISA. Samples from Marfan patients displayed a statistically significant increase in chemotactic inductive activity compared to control samples. Additionally, reactivity to BA4 was significantly increased. Similar statistically significant increases were identified for the samples from patients with idiopathic thoracic aortic aneurysm. There was a significant correlation between the chemotactic index and BA4 reactivity, and the increases in chemotactic activity of extracts from Marfan patients could be inhibited by pretreatment with lactose, VGVAPG peptides, or BA4, which indicates the involvement of EBP in mediating the effects. Our results demonstrate that aortic extracts of patients with Marfan syndrome can elicit macrophage chemotaxis, similar to our previous study on aortic extracts of the mgR mouse model of Marfan syndrome (Guo et al., Circulation 2006; 114:1855-62). PMID:21647416

ATP-binding cassette transporters and sterol O-acyltransferases interact at membrane microdomains to modulate sterol uptake and esterification

PubMed Central

Gulati, Sonia; Balderes, Dina; Kim, Christine; Guo, Zhongmin A.; Wilcox, Lisa; Area-Gomez, Estela; Snider, Jamie; Wolinski, Heimo; Stagljar, Igor; Granato, Juliana T.; Ruggles, Kelly V.; DeGiorgis, Joseph A.; Kohlwein, Sepp D.; Schon, Eric A.; Sturley, Stephen L.

2015-01-01

A key component of eukaryotic lipid homeostasis is the esterification of sterols with fatty acids by sterol O-acyltransferases (SOATs). The esterification reactions are allosterically activated by their sterol substrates, the majority of which accumulate at the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that in yeast, sterol transport from the plasma membrane to the site of esterification is associated with the physical interaction of the major SOAT, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-related enzyme (Are)2p, with 2 plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: Aus1p and Pdr11p. Are2p, Aus1p, and Pdr11p, unlike the minor acyltransferase, Are1p, colocalize to sterol and sphingolipid-enriched, detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). Deletion of either ABC transporter results in Are2p relocalization to detergent-soluble membrane domains and a significant decrease (53–36%) in esterification of exogenous sterol. Similarly, in murine tissues, the SOAT1/Acat1 enzyme and activity localize to DRMs. This subcellular localization is diminished upon deletion of murine ABC transporters, such as Abcg1, which itself is DRM associated. We propose that the close proximity of sterol esterification and transport proteins to each other combined with their residence in lipid-enriched membrane microdomains facilitates rapid, high-capacity sterol transport and esterification, obviating any requirement for soluble intermediary proteins.—Gulati, S., Balderes, D., Kim, C., Guo, Z. A., Wilcox, L., Area-Gomez, E., Snider, J., Wolinski, H., Stagljar, I., Granato, J. T., Ruggles, K. V., DeGiorgis, J. A., Kohlwein, S. D., Schon, E. A., Sturley, S. L. ATP-binding cassette transporters and sterol O-acyltransferases interact at membrane microdomains to modulate sterol uptake and esterification. PMID:26220175

Mechanism of virus inactivation by cold atmospheric-pressure plasma and plasma-activated water.

PubMed

Guo, Li; Xu, Ruobing; Gou, Lu; Liu, Zhichao; Zhao, Yiming; Liu, Dingxin; Zhang, Lei; Chen, Hailan; Kong, Michael G

2018-06-18

© 2018 Guo et al.

Imaging Crustal Structure with Waveform and HV Ratio of Body-wave Receiver Function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chong, J.; Chu, R.; Ni, S.; Meng, Q.; Guo, A.

2017-12-01

It is known that receiver function has less constraint on the absolute velocity, and joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion has been widely applied to reduce the non-uniqueness of velocity and interface depth. However, some studies indicate that the receiver function itself is capable for determining the absolute shear wave velocity. In this study, we propose to measure the receiver function HV ratio which takes advantage of the amplitude information of the radial and vertical receiver functions to constrain the shear-wave velocity. Numerical analysis indicates that the receiver function HV ratio is sensitive to the average shear wave velocity in the depth range it samples, and can help to reduce the non-uniqueness of receiver function waveform inversion. A joint inversion scheme has been developed, and both synthetic tests and real data application proved the feasibility of the joint inversion. The method has been applied to the dense seismic array of ChinArray program in SE Tibet during the time period from August 2011 to August 2012 in SE Tibet (ChinArray-Himalaya, 2011). The measurements of receiver function HV ratio reveals the lateral variation of the tectonics in of the study region. And main features of the velocity structure imagined by the new joint inversion method are consistent with previous studies. KEYWORDS: receiver function HV ratio, receiver function waveform inversion, crustal structure ReferenceChinArray-Himalaya. 2011. China Seismic Array waveform data of Himalaya Project. Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. doi:10.12001/ChinArray.Data. Himalaya. Jiajun Chong, Risheng Chu*, Sidao Ni, Qingjun Meng, Aizhi Guo, 2017. Receiver Function HV Ratio, a New Measurement for Reducing Non-uniqueness of Receiver Function Waveform Inversion. (under revision)

Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado

PubMed Central

Guo, Ruixin; Witter, Roxana Z.; Savitz, David A.; Newman, Lee S.; Adgate, John L.

2014-01-01

Background: Birth defects are a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Natural gas development (NGD) emits several potential teratogens, and U.S. production of natural gas is expanding. Objectives: We examined associations between maternal residential proximity to NGD and birth outcomes in a retrospective cohort study of 124,842 births between 1996 and 2009 in rural Colorado. Methods: We calculated inverse distance weighted natural gas well counts within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence to estimate maternal exposure to NGD. Logistic regression, adjusted for maternal and infant covariates, was used to estimate associations with exposure tertiles for congenital heart defects (CHDs), neural tube defects (NTDs), oral clefts, preterm birth, and term low birth weight. The association with term birth weight was investigated using multiple linear regression. Results: Prevalence of CHDs increased with exposure tertile, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 for the highest tertile (95% CI: 1.2, 1.5); NTD prevalence was associated with the highest tertile of exposure (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.9, based on 59 cases), compared with the absence of any gas wells within a 10-mile radius. Exposure was negatively associated with preterm birth and positively associated with fetal growth, although the magnitude of association was small. No association was found between exposure and oral clefts. Conclusions: In this large cohort, we observed an association between density and proximity of natural gas wells within a 10-mile radius of maternal residence and prevalence of CHDs and possibly NTDs. Greater specificity in exposure estimates is needed to further explore these associations. Citation: McKenzie LM, Guo R, Witter RZ, Savitz DA, Newman LS, Adgate JL. 2014. Birth outcomes and maternal residential proximity to natural gas development in rural Colorado. Environ Health Perspect 122:412–417; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306722 PMID:24474681

Influence of the Renner-Teller Coupling in CO+H Collision Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ndengue, Steve Alexandre; Dawes, Richard

2017-06-01

Carbon monoxide is after molecular hydrogen the second most abundant molecule in the universe and an important molecule for processes occurring in the atmosphere, hydrocarbon combustion and the interstellar medium. The rate coefficients of CO in collision with dominant species like H, H_2, He, etc are necessary to understand the CO emission spectrum or to model combustion chemistry processes. The inelastic scattering of CO with H has been intensively studied theoretically in the past decades,^1 mostly using the so-called WKS PES^6 developed by Werner et al. or recently a modified version by Song et al.^2 Though the spectroscopic agreement of the WKS surface with experiment is quite good, so far the studies of scattering dynamics have neglected coupling to an electronic excited state. We present new results on a set of HCO surfaces of the ground and the excited Renner-Teller coupled electronic states^3 with the principal objective of studying the influence of the Renner-Teller coupling on the inelastic scattering of CO+H. Our calculations done using the MCTDH^4 algorithm in the 0-2 eV energy range allow evaluation of the contribution of the Renner-Teller coupling on the rovibrationally inelastic scattering and discuss the relevance and reliability of the calculations. References:} 1. N. Balakrishnan, M. Yan and A. Dalgarno, Astrophys. J. 568, 443 (2002); B.C. Shepler et al, Astron. & Astroph. 475, L15 (2007); L. Song et al, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 204303 (2015); K.M. Walker et al, Astroph. J. 811, 27 (2015). 2. L. Song et al, Astrophys. J. 813, 96 (2015). 3. H.-M. Keller et al, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 4983 (1996). 4. S. Ndengue, R. Dawes and H. Guo, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 244301 (2016). 5. M.H. Beck et al., Phys. Rep. 324, 1 (2000).

Modeling the Redshift Evolution of the Normal Galaxy X-Ray Luminosity Function

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tremmel, M.; Fragos, T.; Lehmer, B. D.; Tzanavaris, P.; Belczynski, K.; Kalogera, V.; Basu-Zych, A. R.; Farr, W. M.; Hornschemeier, A.; Jenkins, L.;

Age-Related Reduction of Recovery Sleep and Arousal Threshold in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Vienne, Julie; Spann, Ryanne; Guo, Fang; Rosbash, Michael

2016-01-01

Study Objectives: Physiological studies show that aging affects both sleep quality and quantity in humans, and sleep complaints increase with age. Along with knowledge about the negative effects of poor sleep on health, understanding the enigmatic relationship between sleep and aging is important. Because human sleep is similar to Drosophila (fruit fly) sleep in many ways, we addressed the effects of aging on sleep in this model organism. Methods: Baseline sleep was recorded in five different Drosophila genotypes raised at either 21°C or 25°C. The amount of sleep recovered was then investigated after a nighttime of sleep deprivation (12 h) and after chronic sleep deprivation (3 h every night for multiple nights). Finally, the effects of aging on arousal, namely, sensitivity to neuronal and mechanical stimuli, were studied. Results: We show that fly sleep is affected by age in a manner similar to that of humans and other mammals. Not only do older flies of several genotypes have more fragmented sleep and reduced total sleep time compared to young flies, but older flies also fail to recover as much sleep after sleep deprivation. This suggests either lower sleep homeostasis and/or a failure to properly recover sleep. Older flies also show a decreased arousal threshold, i.e., an increased response to neuronal and mechanical wake-promoting stimuli. The reduced threshold may either reflect or cause the reduced recovery sleep of older flies compared to young flies after sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Further studies are certainly needed, but we suggest that the lower homeostatic sleep drive of older flies causes their decreased arousal threshold. Citation: Vienne J, Spann R, Guo F, Rosbash M. Age-related reduction of recovery sleep and arousal threshold in Drosophila. SLEEP 2016;39(8):1613–1624. PMID:27306274

A comparative study of the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, X.; Deng, X.-L.; Jiang, L.

2017-11-01

In this work, the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically to find a reasonable nonlinear theoretical model which can be applied to predict the interface evolution from the linear stage to the early nonlinear stage. The cut-cell-based sharp-interface methods MuSiC+ (Chang et al. in J Comput Phys 242:946-990, 2013) and CCGF (Bai and Deng in Adv Appl Math Mech 9(5):1052-1075, 2017) are applied to generate numerical results for comparisons. Classical Air-SF6 and Air-Helium conditions are applied in this study, and initial amplitude and Atwood number are varied for comparison. Comparisons to the simulation results from the literature show the applicability of MuSiC+ and CCGF. Comparisons to the nonlinear theoretical models show that ZS (Zhang and Sohn in Phys Lett A 212:149-155, 1996; Phys Fluids 9:1106-1124, 1997), SEA (Sadot et al. in Phys Rev Lett 80:1654-1657, 1998), and DR (Dimonte and Ramaprabhu in Phys Fluids 22:014104, 2010) models are valid for both spike and bubble growth rates, and MIK (Mikaelian in Phys Rev E 67:026319, 2003) and ZG (Zhang and Guo in J Fluid Mech 786:47-61, 2016) models are valid for bubble growth rate, when the initial perturbation is small and the Atwood number is low, but only the DR model is applicable for both spike and bubble growth rates when the initial perturbation amplitude and the Atwood number are large. A new term of non-dimensional initial perturbation amplitude is presented and multiplied to the DR model to get a unified fitted DR model, which gives consistent results to the simulation ones for small and large initial amplitudes.

On the Rate of Relaxation for the Landau Kinetic Equation and Related Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bobylev, Alexander; Gamba, Irene M.; Zhang, Chenglong

2017-08-01

We study the rate of relaxation to equilibrium for Landau kinetic equation and some related models by considering the relatively simple case of radial solutions of the linear Landau-type equations. The well-known difficulty is that the evolution operator has no spectral gap, i.e. its spectrum is not separated from zero. Hence we do not expect purely exponential relaxation for large values of time t>0. One of the main goals of our work is to numerically identify the large time asymptotics for the relaxation to equilibrium. We recall the work of Strain and Guo (Arch Rat Mech Anal 187:287-339 2008, Commun Partial Differ Equ 31:17-429 2006), who rigorously show that the expected law of relaxation is \\exp (-ct^{2/3}) with some c > 0. In this manuscript, we find an heuristic way, performed by asymptotic methods, that finds this "law of two thirds", and then study this question numerically. More specifically, the linear Landau equation is approximated by a set of ODEs based on expansions in generalized Laguerre polynomials. We analyze the corresponding quadratic form and the solution of these ODEs in detail. It is shown that the solution has two different asymptotic stages for large values of time t and maximal order of polynomials N: the first one focus on intermediate asymptotics which agrees with the "law of two thirds" for moderately large values of time t and then the second one on absolute, purely exponential asymptotics for very large t, as expected for linear ODEs. We believe that appearance of intermediate asymptotics in finite dimensional approximations must be a generic behavior for different classes of equations in functional spaces (some PDEs, Boltzmann equations for soft potentials, etc.) and that our methods can be applied to related problems.

PREFACE: IUPAP C20 Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 2011)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troparevsky, Claudia; Stocks, George Malcolm

2012-12-01

. We are grateful to the committees that helped put the conference together, especially the local organizing committee. Particular thanks are also due to a number of ORNL staff who spent long hours with the administrative details. We are pleased to express our thanks to the conference administrator Ann Strange (ORNL/CDP) for her responsive and efficient day-to-day handling of this event, Sherry Samples, Assistant Conference Administrator (ORNL), Angie Beach and the ORNL Conference Office, and Shirley Shugart (ORNL) and Fern Stooksbury (ORNL) who created and maintained the conference website. Editors: G Malcolm Stocks (ORNL) and M Claudia Troparevsky (UT) http://ccp2011.ornl.gov Chair: Dr Malcolm Stocks (ORNL) Vice Chairs: Adriana Moreo (ORNL/UT) James Guberrnatis (LANL) Local Program Committee: Don Batchelor (ORNL) Jack Dongarra (UTK/ORNL) James Hack (ORNL) Robert Harrison (ORNL) Paul Kent (ORNL) Anthony Mezzacappa (ORNL) Adriana Moreo (ORNL) Witold Nazarewicz (UT) Loukas Petridis (ORNL) David Schultz (ORNL) Bill Shelton (ORNL) Claudia Troparevsky (ORNL) Mina Yoon (ORNL) International Advisory Board Members: Joan Adler (Israel Institute of Technology, Israel) Constantia Alexandrou (University of Cyprus, Cyprus) Claudia Ambrosch-Draxl (University of Leoben, Austria) Amanda Barnard (CSIRO, Australia) Peter Borcherds (University of Birmingham, UK) Klaus Cappelle (UFABC, Brazil) Giovanni Ciccotti (Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Italy) Nithaya Chetty (University of Pretoria, South Africa) Charlotte Froese-Fischer (NIST, US) Giulia A. Galli (University of California, Davis, US) Gillian Gehring (University of Sheffield, UK) Guang-Yu Guo (National Taiwan University, Taiwan) Sharon Hammes-Schiffer (Penn State, US) Alex Hansen (Norweigan UST) Duane D. Johnson (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US) David Landau (University of Georgia, US) Joaquin Marro (University of Granada, Spain) Richard Martin (UIUC, US) Todd Martinez (Stanford University, US) Bill

Patient Characteristics, Health Care Resource Utilization, and Costs Associated with Treatment-Regimen Failure with Biologics in the Treatment of Psoriasis.

PubMed

Foster, Shonda A; Zhu, Baojin; Guo, Jiaying; Nikai, Enkeleida; Ojeh, Clement; Malatestinic, William; Goldblum, Orin; Kornberg, Lori J; Wu, Jashin J

2016-04-01

variance for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables without adjustment. Cost differences were compared using the propensity score-adjusted bin bootstrapping method. Overall, 2,146 patients met the enrollment criteria. The mean age was 45.1 years. Of these patients, 41.5% were considered treatment-regimen failures. Among treatment-regimen failures, 53% were females, and among non-treatment-regimen failures, 61% were male. Patients who experienced treatment-regimen failure had higher incidences of comorbid cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, depression, and anxiety in the pre-index period and were more likely to use concomitant topicals (67.0% vs. 58.4%; P < 0.001), methotrexate (20.2% vs. 7.3%; P < 0.001), and cyclosporine (3.1% vs. 1.0%; P < 0.001) in the post-index period. Mean total all-cause health care costs were higher in patients with treatment-regimen failure versus non-treatment-regimen failure during the pre-index period ($8,024 vs. $6,637; P = 0.002), but patients with non-treatment-regimen failure had higher all-cause costs ($30,759 vs. $28,012; P = 0.002) and psoriasis-related costs ($25,286 vs. $19,625; P < 0.001) during the post-index period. The results of the current study demonstrated that psoriasis patients with treatment patterns suggestive of treatment-regimen failure on an index biologic had different characteristics and incurred higher all-cause health care costs than did patients without treatment-regimen failure during the pre-index period. This study was supported by Eli Lilly and Company. Foster, Zhu, Guo, Nikai, Malatestinic, Ojeh, and Goldblum are full-time employees and stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Kornberg is a full-time employee of INC Research, which was contracted by Eli Lilly to assist with medical writing. Wu has received research funding from AbbVie, Amgen, Coherus Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sandoz; he is a consultant for

PREFACE: Nanoelectronics, sensors and single molecule biophysics Nanoelectronics, sensors and single molecule biophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tao, Nongjian

2012-04-01

lengths but different energy barrier profiles in order to elucidate electron transport in the molecular junctions. Kiguchi and Murakoshi study metallic atomic wires under electrochemical potential control. Asai reports on a theoretical study of rectification in substituted atomic wires. Finally, Weiss et al report on a new method to pattern and functionalize oxide-free germanium surfaces with self-assembled organic monolayers, which provides interfaces between inorganic semiconductors and organic molecules. Nanoelectronics, sensors and single molecule biophysics contents Biochemistry and semiconductor electronics—the next big hit for silicon?Stuart Lindsay Electrical detection of single pollen allergen particles using electrode-embedded microchannelsChihiro Kawaguchi, Tetsuya Noda, Makusu Tsutsui, Masateru Taniguchi, Satoyuki Kawano and Tomoji Kawai Quasi 3D imaging of DNA-gold nanoparticle tetrahedral structuresAvigail Stern, Dvir Rotem, Inna Popov and Danny Porath Effects of cytosine methylation on DNA charge transportJoshua Hihath, Shaoyin Guo, Peiming Zhang and Nongjian Tao Effect of electrostatics on aggregation of prion protein Sup35 peptideAlexander M Portillo, Alexey V Krasnoslobodtsev and Yuri L Lyubchenko Mapping the intracellular distribution of carbon nanotubes after targeted delivery to carcinoma cells using confocal Raman imaging as a label-free techniqueC Lamprecht, N Gierlinger, E Heister, B Unterauer, B Plochberger, M Brameshuber, P Hinterdorfer, S Hild and A Ebner Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles in living Hela cellsXian Hao, Jiazhen Wu, Yuping Shan, Mingjun Cai, Xin Shang, Junguang Jiang and Hongda Wang Stability of an aqueous quadrupole micro-trapJae Hyun Park and Predrag S Krstić Electron transport properties of single molecular junctions under mechanical modulationsJianfeng Zhou, Cunlan Guo and Bingqian Xu An approach to measure electromechanical properties of atomic and molecular junctionsIlya V Pobelov, Gábor M�

Another Look at the Markowitz Wobble

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dickman, S. R.

2006-05-01

The Markowitz wobble is a small-amplitude, irregular, long-period feature of Earth's polar motion. Despite a contentious history, doubts concerning its existence have apparently faded in recent decades (see, e.g., Poma 2000), and several studies have addressed the question of its excitation. Among the most promising is the proposal by Dumberry & Bloxham (2002; see also Dumberry 2005 and Guo & Buffett 2005) that gravitational and inertial coupling between the mantle and an inner core tilted periodically by outer core hydromagnetic oscillations could - under optimal conditions - reproduce key characteristics of the Markowitz wobble. Those conditions include a moderately high inner core viscosity and high magnetic field strength at the inner core boundary, and fluid core oscillations with a ~ 30-year period. In contrast, oceanic and atmospheric angular momentum variations marginally fail to excite decadal polar motion to the observed level (Gross et al. 2005, also Celaya et al. 1999; but see de Viron et al. 2004). In 1983 I showed that, if the oceans and solid earth were treated as a tightly coupled two-body rotating system, it was possible (depending on the mathematical form of the coupling) for the system to possess 2 natural wobble frequencies corresponding fairly well to the observed Chandler and Markowitz wobbles. The treatment depended on assuming that the oceans respond in an equilibrium manner to rotational perturbations, an approximation justified by the long periods of those wobbles. If the Markowitz wobble is indeed a natural resonance of the ocean - solid earth system, the effectiveness of all proposed excitation sources might require re-evaluation. For this talk I have revisited my earlier investigation, extending the theory to account for dynamic oceanic behavior in response to perturbations of the two-body system's rotation. The extension is based on the "broad-band" approach I employed (in 1993) for determining tidal effects on rotation. Results will

Test of multi-object exoplanet search spectral interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Kai; Wang, Liang; Jiang, Haijiao; Zhu, Yongtian; Hou, Yonghui; Dai, Songxin; Tang, Jin; Tang, Zhen; Zeng, Yizhong; Chen, Yi; Wang, Lei; Hu, Zhongwen

2014-07-01

Exoplanet detection, a highlight in the current astronomy, will be part of puzzle in astronomical and astrophysical future, which contains dark energy, dark matter, early universe, black hole, galactic evolution and so on. At present, most of the detected Exoplanets are confirmed through methods of radial velocity and transit. Guo shoujing Telescope well known as LAMOST is an advanced multi-object spectral survey telescope equipped with 4000 fibers and 16 low resolution fiber spectrographs. To explore its potential in different astronomical activities, a new radial velocity method named Externally Dispersed Interferometry (EDI) is applied to serve Exoplanet detection through combining a fixed-delay interferometer with the existing spectrograph in medium spectral resolution mode (R=5,000-10,000). This new technology has an impressive feature to enhance radial velocity measuring accuracy of the existing spectrograph through installing a fixed-delay interferometer in front of spectrograph. This way produces an interference spectrum with higher sensitivity to Doppler Effect by interference phase and fixed delay. This relative system named Multi-object Exoplanet Search Spectral Interferometer (MESSI) is composed of a few parts, including a pair of multi-fiber coupling sockets, a remote control iodine subsystem, a multi-object fixed delay interferometer and the existing spectrograph. It covers from 500 to 550 nm and simultaneously observes up to 21 stars. Even if it's an experimental instrument at present, it's still well demonstrated in paper that how MESSI does explore an effective way to build its own system under the existing condition of LAMOST and get its expected performance for multi-object Exoplanet detection, especially instrument stability and its special data reduction. As a result of test at lab, inside temperature of its instrumental chamber is stable in a range of +/-0.5degree Celsius within 12 hours, and the direct instrumental stability without further

An Implementation of Hydrostatic Boundary Conditions for Variable Density Lattice Boltzmann Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bardsley, K. J.; Thorne, D. T.; Lee, J. S.; Sukop, M. C.

2006-12-01

Lattice Boltzmann Methods (LBMs) have been under development for the last two decades and have become another capable numerical method for simulating fluid flow. Recent advances in lattice Boltzmann applications involve simulation of density-dependent fluid flow in closed (Dixit and Babu, 2006; D'Orazio et al., 2004) or periodic (Guo and Zhao, 2005) domains. However, standard pressure boundary conditions (BCs) are incompatible with concentration-dependent density flow simulations that use a body force for gravity. An implementation of hydrostatic BCs for use under these conditions is proposed here. The basis of this new implementation is an additional term in the pressure BC. It is derived to account for the incorporation of gravity as a body force and the effect of varying concentration in the fluid. The hydrostatic BC expands the potential of density-dependent LBM to simulate domains with boundaries other than the closed or periodic boundaries that have appeared in previous literature on LBM simulations. With this new implementation, LBM will be able to simulate complex concentration-dependent density flows, such as salt water intrusion in the classic Henry and Henry-Hilleke problems. This is demonstrated using various examples, beginning with a closed box system, and ending with a system containing two solid walls, one velocity boundary and one pressure boundary, as in the Henry problem. References Dixit, H. N., V. Babu, (2006), Simulation of high Rayleigh number natural convection in a square cavity using the lattice Boltzmann method, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 49, 727-739. D'Orazio, A., M. Corcione, G.P. Celata, (2004), Application to natural convection enclosed flows of a lattice Boltzmann BGK model coupled with a general purpose thermal boundary conditions, Int. J. Thermal Sci., 43, 575-586. Gou, Z., T.S. Zhao, (2005), Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection with temperature-dependant viscosity in a porous cavity, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B

Photophysics of single-walled carbon nanotubes: similarity with π-conjugated polymer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Hongbo

2006-03-01

Coulomb electron-electron (e-e) interactions among the π-electrons have a strong effect on the energy spectra of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (S-SWCNTs), because of their quasi-one-dimensionality. The primary photoexcitations in S-SWCNTs as a consequence of e-e interactions are excitons, as opposed to free electrons and holes. There already exists a vast literature on excitons in π-conjugated polymers, the other class of carbon-based quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors. In order to seek guidance from this knowledge base, we have performed theoretical calculations of the excited state electronic structures, linear absorptions and excited state absorptions for ten different S-SWCNTs with a wide range in diameters, within the same correlated π-electron model that has previously been applied to π-conjugated polymers. We found remarkable similarities in the excitonic energy spectra and nonlinear optical properties of S-SWCNTs on the one hand, and π-conjugated polymers on the other. The ``essential states'' model of third-order optical nonlinearity, previously developed for π-conjugated polymers, applies also to S-SWCNTs (with minor modifications for chiral S-SWCNTs which lack center of inversion). Our theory is able to explain semiquantitatively the results of nonlinear spectroscopic measurements on both S-SWCNTs and π-conjugated polymers. For wide S-SWCNTs with diameters ranging from 0.8--1.0 nm, we calculate exciton binding energies of 0.3--0.4 eV, in strong agreement with the values predicted from the experiments. We also remark on the occurrence of dark excitons below the optical excitons in the S-SWCNTs, and the consequence thereof on the photoluminescence of these materials. H. Zhao, et al., cond-mat/0506097; J. W. Kennedy, et al., cond-mat/0505071. S. N. Dixit, D. Guo, and S. Mazumdar, Phys. Rev. B 43, R6781 (1991) H. Zhao and S. Mazumdar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 157402 (2004).

Mixed Cyclic Constraints on Conformational Flexibility in β/γ-PEPTIDES: Conformation Specific IR and UV Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gord, Joseph R.; Walsh, Patrick S.; Zwier, Timothy S.; Fisher, Brian F.; Gellman, Samuel H.

2013-06-01

In order to further understand the intramolecular forces governing secondary structure formation in peptides and to provide benchmarks for the computational community, conformation-specific spectroscopy techniques have been applied to several model systems provided by Dr. Sam Gellman's research group at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In the present work, two model β/γ-peptides, Ac-β_{ACPC}-γ_{ACHC}-NHBz and Ac-γ_{ACHC}-β_{ACPC}-NHBz have been investigated using single and double resonance ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy to elucidate their intrinsic folding propensities. The β-peptide is constrained by a five-membered ring spanning the β^{3}-β^{2} positions (β_{ACPC}) and the γ-peptide is constrained by a six-membered ring spanning the γ^{4}-γ^{3} positions with an additional ethyl group at γ^{2} (γ_{ACHC}). Resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) spectra from 37250 to 37750 cm^{-1} were obtained and subsequently interrogated using UV-UV hole-burning to reveal the presence of three conformations for Ac-β_{ACPC}-γ_{ACHC}-NHBz, and a single conformation for Ac-γ_{ACHC}-β_{ACPC}-NHBz. Resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR) spectra were obtained in the NH stretch region from 3300 to 3500 cm^{-1} and in both the amide I and II regions from 1400 to 1800 cm^{-1}. These spectra were compared to computational predictions given by DFT calculations using the M05-2X functional with a 6-31G+(d) basis set revealing two slightly varied iterations of a bifurcated C-8/13 double ring structure for Ac-β_{ACPC}-γ_{ACHC}-NHBz and one bifurcated C-9/13 double ring structure for Ac-γ_{ACHC}-β_{ACPC}-NHBz. The appearance of C-13 rings was also seen in solution phase studies. This work is a complement to studies performed on pure γ-peptides and α/γ-peptides. L. Guo, A. M. Almeida, W. Zhang, A. G. Reidenbach, S. H. Choi, I.. A. Guzei, and S. H. Gellman J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 7868-7869

Calmodulin activation of an endoplasmic reticulum-located calcium pump involves an interaction with the N-terminal autoinhibitory domain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hwang, I.; Harper, J. F.; Liang, F.; Sze, H.

2000-01-01

To investigate how calmodulin regulates a unique subfamily of Ca(2+) pumps found in plants, we examined the kinetic properties of isoform ACA2 identified in Arabidopsis. A recombinant ACA2 was expressed in a yeast K616 mutant deficient in two endogenous Ca(2+) pumps. Orthovanadate-sensitive (45)Ca(2+) transport into vesicles isolated from transformants demonstrated that ACA2 is a Ca(2+) pump. Ca(2+) pumping by the full-length protein (ACA2-1) was 4- to 10-fold lower than that of the N-terminal truncated ACA2-2 (Delta2-80), indicating that the N-terminal domain normally acts to inhibit the pump. An inhibitory sequence (IC(50) = 4 microM) was localized to a region within valine-20 to leucine-44, because a peptide corresponding to this sequence lowered the V(max) and increased the K(m) for Ca(2+) of the constitutively active ACA2-2 to values comparable to the full-length pump. The peptide also blocked the activity (IC(50) = 7 microM) of a Ca(2+) pump (AtECA1) belonging to a second family of Ca(2+) pumps. This inhibitory sequence appears to overlap with a calmodulin-binding site in ACA2, previously mapped between aspartate-19 and arginine-36 (J.F. Harper, B. Hong, I. Hwang, H.Q. Guo, R. Stoddard, J.F. Huang, M.G. Palmgren, H. Sze inverted question mark1998 J Biol Chem 273: 1099-1106). These results support a model in which the pump is kept "unactivated" by an intramolecular interaction between an autoinhibitory sequence located between residues 20 and 44 and a site in the Ca(2+) pump core that is highly conserved between different Ca(2+) pump families. Results further support a model in which activation occurs as a result of Ca(2+)-induced binding of calmodulin to a site overlapping or immediately adjacent to the autoinhibitory sequence.

Size-Dependent Deposition, Translocation, and Microglial Activation of Inhaled Silver Nanoparticles in the Rodent Nose and Brain

PubMed Central

Patchin, Esther Shin; Anderson, Donald S.; Silva, Rona M.; Uyeminami, Dale L.; Scott, Grace M.; Guo, Ting; Van Winkle, Laura S.; Pinkerton, Kent E.

2016-01-01

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are present in personal, commercial, and industrial products, which are often aerosolized. Current understanding of the deposition, translocation, and health-related impacts of AgNP inhalation is limited. Objectives: We determined a) the deposition and retention of inhaled Ag in the nasal cavity from nose-only exposure; b) the timing for Ag translocation to and retention/clearance in the olfactory bulb (OB); and c) whether the presence of Ag in the OB affects microglial activity. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to citrate-buffered 20- or 110-nm AgNP (C20 or C110, respectively) or citrate buffer alone for 6 hr. The nasal cavity and OB were examined for the presence of Ag and for biological responses up to 56 days post-exposure (8 weeks). Results: The highest nasal Ag deposition was observed on Day 0 for both AgNP sizes. Inhalation of aerosolized C20 resulted in rapid translocation of Ag to the OB and in microglial activation at Days 0, 1, and 7. In contrast, inhalation of C110 resulted in a gradual but progressive transport of Ag to and retention in the OB, with a trend for microglial activation to variably be above control. Conclusions: The results of this study show that after rats experienced a 6-hr inhalation exposure to 20- and 110-nm AgNP at a single point in time, Ag deposition in the nose, the rate of translocation to the brain, and subsequent microglial activation in the OB differed depending on AgNP size and time since exposure. Citation: Patchin ES, Anderson DS, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Scott GM, Guo T, Van Winkle LS, Pinkerton KE. 2016. Size-dependent deposition, translocation, and microglial activation of inhaled silver nanoparticles in the rodent nose and brain. Environ Health Perspect 124:1870–1875; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP234 PMID:27152509

Recursive least squares estimation and its application to shallow trench isolation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jin; Qin, S. Joe; Bode, Christopher A.; Purdy, Matthew A.

2003-06-01

In recent years, run-to-run (R2R) control technology has received tremendous interest in semiconductor manufacturing. One class of widely used run-to-run controllers is based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistics to estimate process deviations. Using an EWMA filter to smooth the control action on a linear process has been shown to provide good results in a number of applications. However, for a process with severe drifts, the EWMA controller is insufficient even when large weights are used. This problem becomes more severe when there is measurement delay, which is almost inevitable in semiconductor industry. In order to control drifting processes, a predictor-corrector controller (PCC) and a double EWMA controller have been developed. Chen and Guo (2001) show that both PCC and double-EWMA controller are in effect Integral-double-Integral (I-II) controllers, which are able to control drifting processes. However, since offset is often within the noise of the process, the second integrator can actually cause jittering. Besides, tuning the second filter is not as intuitive as a single EWMA filter. In this work, we look at an alternative way Recursive Least Squares (RLS), to estimate and control the drifting process. EWMA and double-EWMA are shown to be the least squares estimate for locally constant mean model and locally constant linear trend model. Then the recursive least squares with exponential factor is applied to shallow trench isolation etch process to predict the future etch rate. The etch process, which is a critical process in the flash memory manufacturing, is known to suffer from significant etch rate drift due to chamber seasoning. In order to handle the metrology delay, we propose a new time update scheme. RLS with the new time update method gives very good result. The estimate error variance is smaller than that from EWMA, and mean square error decrease more than 10% compared to that from EWMA.

A Toolkit for Eye Recognition of LAMOST Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, H.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Lei, Y.; Dong, Y.; Zhao, Y.

2014-05-01

The Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also named the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) has finished the pilot survey and now begun the normal survey by the end of 2012 September. There have already been millions of targets observed, including thousands of quasar candidates. Because of the difficulty in the automatic identification of quasar spectra, eye recognition is always necessary and efficient. However massive spectra identification by eye is a huge job. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of spectra , a toolkit for eye recognition of LAMOST spectroscopy is developed. Spectral cross-correlation templates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are applied as references, including O star, O/B transition star, B star, A star, F/A transition star, F star, G star, K star, M1 star, M3 star,M5 star,M8 star, L1 star, magnetic white dwarf, carbon star, white dwarf, B white dwarf, low metallicity K sub-dwarf, "Early-type" galaxy, galaxy, "Later-type" galaxy, Luminous Red Galaxy, QSO, QSO with some BAL activity and High-luminosity QSO. By adjusting the redshift and flux ratio of the template spectra in an interactive graphic interface, the spectral type of the target can be discriminated in a easy and feasible way and the redshift is estimated at the same time with a precision of about millesimal. The advantage of the tool in dealing with low quality spectra is indicated. Spectra from the Pilot Survey of LAMSOT are applied as examples and spectra from SDSS are also tested from comparison. Target spectra in both image format and fits format are supported. For convenience several spectra accessing manners are provided. All the spectra from LAMOST pilot survey can be located and acquired via the VOTable files on the internet as suggested by International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). After the construction of the Simple Spectral Access Protocol (SSAP) service by the Chinese Astronomical Data Center (CAsDC), spectra can be

Variation in light intensity with height and time from subsequent lightning return strokes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jordan, D.M.; Uman, M.A.

1983-08-20

Relative light intensity has been measured photographically as a function of height and time for seven subsequent return strokes in two lightning flashes at ranges of 7.8 and 8.7 km. The film used was Kodak 5474 Shellburst, which has a roughly constant spectral response between 300 and 670 nm. The time resolution was about 1.0 ..mu..s, and the spatial resolution was about 4 m. The observed light signals consisted of a fast rise to peak, followed by a slower decrease to a relatively constant value. The amplitude of the initial light peak decreases exponentially with height with a decay constantmore » of about 0.6 to 0.8 km. The 20% to 80% rise time of the initial light signal is between 1 and 4 ..mu..s near ground and increases by an additional 1 to 2 ..mu..s by the time the return stroke reaches the cloud base, a height between 1 and 2 km. The light intensity 30 ..mu..s after the initial peak is relatively constant with height and has an amplitude that is 15% to 30% of the initial peak near the ground and 50% to 100% of the initial peak at cloud base. The logarithm of the peak light intensity near the ground is roughly proportional to the initial peak electric field intensity, and this in turn implies that the current decrease with height may be much slower than the light decrease. The absolute light intensity has been estimated by integrating the photographic signals from individual channel segments to simulate the calibrated all-sky photoelectric data of Guo and Krider (1982). Using this method, the authors find that the mean peak radiance near the ground is 8.3 x 10/sup 5/ W/m, with a total range from 1.4 x 10/sup 5/ to 3.8 x 10/sup 6/ W/m. 16 references, 11 figures.« less

A Mechanism for Upper Airway Stability during Slow Wave Sleep

PubMed Central

McSharry, David G.; Saboisky, Julian P.; DeYoung, Pam; Matteis, Paul; Jordan, Amy S.; Trinder, John; Smales, Erik; Hess, Lauren; Guo, Mengshuang; Malhotra, Atul

2013-01-01

Study Objectives: The severity of obstructive sleep apnea is diminished (sometimes markedly) during slow wave sleep (SWS). We sought to understand why SWS stabilizes the upper airway. Increased single motor unit (SMU) activity of the major upper airway dilating muscle (genioglossus) should improve upper airway stability. Therefore, we hypothesized that genioglossus SMUs would increase their activity during SWS in comparison with Stage N2 sleep. Design: The activity of genioglossus SMUs was studied on both sides of the transition between Stage N2 sleep and SWS. Setting: Sleep laboratory. Participants: Twenty-nine subjects (age 38 ± 13 yr, 17 males) were studied. Intervention: SWS. Measurement and Results: Subjects slept overnight with fine-wire electrodes in their genioglossus muscles and with full polysomnographic and end tidal carbon dioxide monitors. Fifteen inspiratory phasic (IP) and 11 inspiratory tonic (IT) units were identified from seven subjects and these units exhibited significantly increased inspiratory discharge frequencies during SWS compared with Stage N2 sleep. The peak discharge frequency of the inspiratory units (IP and IT) was 22.7 ± 4.1 Hz in SWS versus 20.3 ± 4.5 Hz in Stage N2 (P < 0.001). The IP units also fired for a longer duration (expressed as a percentage of inspiratory time) during SWS (104.6 ± 39.5 %TI) versus Stage N2 sleep (82.6 ± 39.5 %TI, P < 0.001). The IT units fired faster during expiration in SWS (14.2 ± 1.8 Hz) versus Stage N2 sleep (12.6 ± 3.1 Hz, P = 0.035). There was minimal recruitment or derecruitment of units between SWS and Stage N2 sleep. Conclusion: Increased genioglossus SMU activity likely makes the airway more stable and resistant to collapse throughout the respiratory cycle during SWS. Citation: McSharry DG; Saboisky JP; DeYoung P; Matteis P; Jordan AS; Trinder J; Smales E; Hess L; Guo M; Malhotra A. A mechanism for upper airway stability during slow wave sleep. SLEEP 2013;36(4):555-563. PMID:23565001

Hydroxyl Radical (OH•) Reaction with Guanine in an Aqueous Environment: A DFT Study

PubMed Central

Kumar, Anil; Pottiboyina, Venkata; Sevilla, Michael D.

2011-01-01

The reaction of hydroxyl radical (OH•) with DNA accounts for about half of radiation-induced DNA damage in living systems. Previous literature reports point out that the reaction of OH• with DNA proceeds mainly through the addition of OH• to the C=C bond of the DNA bases. However, recently it has been reported that the principal reaction of OH• with dGuo (deoxyguanosine) is the direct hydrogen atom abstraction from its exocyclic amine group rather than addition of OH• to the C=C bond. In the present work, these two reaction pathways of OH• attack on guanine (G) in the presence of water molecules (aqueous environment) are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method with 6-31G* and 6-31++G** basis sets. The calculations show that the initial addition of the OH• at C4=C5 double bond of guanine is barrier free and the adduct radical (G-OH•) has only a small activation barrier of ca. 1 – 6 kcal/mol leading to the formation of a metastable ion-pair intermediate (G•+---OH−). The formation of ion-pair is a result of the highly oxidizing nature of the OH• in aqueous media. The resulting ion-pair (G•+---OH−) deprotonates to form H2O and neutral G radicals favoring G(N1-H)• with an activation barrier of ca. 5 kcal/mol. The overall process from the G(C4)-OH• (adduct) to G(N1-H)• and water is found to be exothermic in nature by more than 13 kcal/mol. (G-OH•), (G•+---OH−), and G(N1-H)• were further characterized by the CAM-B3LYP calculations of their UV-visible spectra and good agreement between theory and experiment is achieved. Our calculations for the direct hydrogen abstraction pathway from N1 and N2 sites of guanine by the OH• show that this is also a competitive route to produce G(N2-H)•, G(N1-H)• and H2O. PMID:22050033

From genome to drug lead: identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of the SARS virus.

PubMed

Dooley, Andrea J; Shindo, Nice; Taggart, Barbara; Park, Jewn-Giew; Pang, Yuan-Ping

2006-02-15

Virtual screening, a fast, computational approach to identify drug leads [Perola, E.; Xu, K.; Kollmeyer, T. M.; Kaufmann, S. H.; Prendergast, F. G. J. Med. Chem.2000, 43, 401; Miller, M. A. Nat. Rev. Drug Disc.2002, 1 220], is limited by a known challenge in crystallographically determining flexible regions of proteins. This approach has not been able to identify active inhibitors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using solely the crystal structures of a SARS-CoV cysteine proteinase with a flexible loop in the active site [Yang, H. T.; Yang, M. J.; Ding, Y.; Liu, Y. W.; Lou, Z. Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2003, 100, 13190; Jenwitheesuk, E.; Samudrala, R. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2003, 13, 3989; Rajnarayanan, R. V.; Dakshanamurthy, S.; Pattabiraman, N. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.2004, 321, 370; Du, Q.; Wang, S.; Wei, D.; Sirois, S.; Chou, K. Anal. Biochem.2005, 337, 262; Du, Q.; Wang, S.; Zhu, Y.; Wei, D.; Guo, H. Peptides2004, 25, 1857; Lee, V.; Wittayanarakul, K.; Remsungenen, T.; Parasuk, V.; Sompornpisut, P. Science (Asia)2003, 29, 181; Toney, J.; Navas-Martin, S.; Weiss, S.; Koeller, A. J. Med. Chem.2004, 47, 1079; Zhang, X. W.; Yap, Y. L. Bioorg. Med. Chem.2004, 12, 2517]. This article demonstrates a genome-to-drug-lead approach that uses terascale computing to model flexible regions of proteins, thus permitting the utilization of genetic information to identify drug leads expeditiously. A small-molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV, exhibiting an effective concentration (EC50) of 23 microM in cell-based assays, was identified through virtual screening against a computer-predicted model of the cysteine proteinase. Screening against two crystal structures of the same proteinase failed to identify the 23-microM inhibitor. This study suggests that terascale computing can complement crystallography, broaden the scope of virtual screening, and accelerate the development of therapeutics to treat emerging infectious diseases

Update on the LAMOST-PLUS Collaboration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Newberg, H. J.; Deng, L.; Bai, Z.; Beers, T. C.; Chen, J.; Chen, L.; Chu, Y.; Fu, X.; Gao, S.; Grillmair, C. J.; Guhathakurta, P.; Hou, J.; Lepine, S.; Li, H.; Li, J.; Liu, C.; Liu, X.; Luo, A.; Peng, E.; Sellwood, J.; Xu, Y.; Xue, X.; Yang, F.; Yang, L.; Yanny, B.; Yu, J.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, Y.; Zheng, Z.; Zhong, J.

2013-01-01

Participants in LAMOST, US (PLUS) is an ongoing collaboration of US scientists with the Galactic structure component of the Chinese LAMOST project on the 4-meter class Guo Shou Jing Telescope in China. A LAMOST Pilot Survey was carried out from October 2011 to June 2012, gathering roughly half a million stellar spectra with sufficient signal-to-noise for radial velocity measurement. PLUS members assisted in preparing papers for a special LAMOST Pilot Survey "mini-volume" of the journal Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics that was issued in mid-2012. This volume contains articles detailing the target selection algorithms and processes, as well as discussion of the science goals of the survey. Scientific results from collaborations (funded by the NSF grant that created the PLUS team) between Chinese visiting scholars and their American counterparts have been fruitful, leading to seven research papers published or submitted in 2012, and more to come soon. As with most large-scale efforts in their early stages, there are issues with data quality; in particular, the limiting magnitude currently achieved by the system do not yet meet the design goals. However, with nearly half a million useful spectra of bright stars (typically brighter than 17th magnitude in SDSS r-band) available, we are beginning to explore science with LAMOST Pilot Survey data. In particular, (sub-)structure in the Galactic disk can be probed deeply with such large kinematical datasets as that provided by LAMOST (see, e.g., the Delaunay et al. and Gole et al. posters at this meeting). PLUS team members are also examining the Pilot Survey data to assess data quality. We present some of the Pilot Survey spectra, and briefly discuss some ongoing projects undertaken with these data. The main LAMOST survey is slated to begin in late 2012 or early 2013, and will ultimately collect spectra of at least 5 million stars over the next five years. More information can be found at http://lamost.us. This

A Summary of Proceedings and Participant Recommendations from a National Workshop on Institutionalizing Progress in Agricultural Extension and Education in Taiwan (Taichung, Taiwan, April 22-24, 1991) = Cejin Wo Guo Nongye Tuiguang Jiaoyu Xin Tizhi Yantaohui Zhuanji. Zhonghua Minguao Bashi Nian Siyue 22 zhi 24.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ministry of Education, Taipei (Taiwan).

These proceedings contain four presentations from a workshop at which leaders in agriculture and education contributed suggestions for developing policies and plans for the new Agricultural Extension Education Graduate Institute (AEEGI) in Taiwan. Introductory materials include a list of members of the planning committee, workshop rationale,…

Uncertainties in modelling Mt. Pinatubo eruption with 2-D AER model and CCM SOCOL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kenzelmann, P.; Weisenstein, D.; Peter, T.; Luo, B. P.; Rozanov, E.; Fueglistaler, S.; Thomason, L. W.

2009-04-01

Large volcanic eruptions may introduce a strong forcing on climate. They challenge the skills of climate models. In addition to the short time attenuation of solar light by ashes the formation of stratospheric sulphate aerosols, due to volcanic sulphur dioxide injection into the lower stratosphere, may lead to a significant enhancement of the global albedo. The sulphate aerosols have a residence time of about 2 years. As a consequence of the enhanced sulphate aerosol concentration both the stratospheric chemistry and dynamics are strongly affected. Due to absorption of longwave and near infrared radiation the temperature in the lower stratosphere increases. So far chemistry climate models overestimate this warming [Eyring et al. 2006]. We present an extensive validation of extinction measurements and model runs of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. Even if Mt. Pinatubo eruption has been the best quantified volcanic eruption of this magnitude, the measurements show considerable uncertainties. For instance the total amount of sulphur emitted to the stratosphere ranges from 5-12 Mt sulphur [e.g. Guo et al. 2004, McCormick, 1992]. The largest uncertainties are in the specification of the main aerosol cloud. SAGE II, for instance, could not measure the peak of the aerosol extinction for about 1.5 years, because optical termination was reached. The gap-filling of the SAGE II [Thomason and Peter, 2006] using lidar measurements underestimates the total extinctions in the tropics for the first half year after the eruption by 30% compared to AVHRR [Rusell et. al 1992]. The same applies to the optical dataset described by Stenchikov et al. [1998]. We compare these extinction data derived from measurements with extinctions derived from AER 2D aerosol model calculations [Weisenstein et al., 2007]. Full microphysical calculations with injections of 14, 17, 20 and 26 Mt SO2 in the lower stratosphere were performed. The optical aerosol properties derived from SAGE II

BRIGHTEST SATELLITE GALAXY ALIGNMENT OF SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY GALAXY GROUPS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li Zhigang; Wang Yougang; Chen Xuelei

2013-05-01

We study the alignment signal between the distribution of the brightest satellite galaxies (BSGs) and the major axes of their host groups using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey group catalog constructed by Yang et al. After correcting for the effect of group ellipticity, a statistically significant ({approx}5{sigma}) major-axis alignment is detected and the alignment angle is found to be 43. Degree-Sign 0 {+-} 0. Degree-Sign 4. More massive and richer groups show a stronger BSG alignment. The BSG alignment around blue brightest central galaxies (BCGs) is slightly stronger than that around red BCGs. Red BSGs have a much stronger major-axismore » alignment than blue BSGs. Unlike BSGs, other satellites do not show very significant alignment with their group's major axis. We further explore BSG alignment using the semi-analytic model (SAM) constructed by Guo et al. In general, we found good agreement of the model with observations: BSGs in the SAM show a strong major-axis alignment that depends on group mass and richness in the same way as in observations and none of the other satellites exhibit prominent alignment. However, a discrepancy also exists in that the SAM shows a BSG color dependence opposite of that in observations, which is most probably induced by a missing large-scale environment ingredient in the SAM. The combination of two popular scenarios can explain the BSG alignment we detected. First, satellites merged into the group along the surrounding filaments, which are strongly aligned with the major axis of the group. Second, BSGs entered their host group more recently than other satellites, so they have preserved more information about their assembling history and major-axis alignment. In the SAM, we found positive evidence for the second scenario in the fact that BSGs merged into groups statistically more recently than other satellites. We also found that most of the BSGs (80%) were BCGs before they merged into groups and earlier merging BSGs tend to be

ERK1 is important for Th2 differentiation and development of experimental asthma

PubMed Central

Goplen, Nicholas; Karim, Zunayet; Guo, Lei; Zhuang, Yonghua; Huang, Hua; Gorska, Magdalena M.; Gelfand, Erwin; Pagés, Gilles; Pouysségur, Jacques; Alam, Rafeul

2012-01-01

The ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates a variety of T-cell functions. We observed dynamic changes in the expression of ERK1/2 during T-helper cell differentiation. Specifically, the expression of ERK1/2 was decreased and increased by IL-12 and IL-4, respectively. To address this subject further, we examined the specific role of ERK1 in Th2 differentiation and development of experimental asthma using ERK1−/− mice. ERK1−/− mice were unable to mount airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in two different models of asthma, acute and chronic. ERK1−/− mice had reduced expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 but not IL-17A or IFN-γ. They had reduced levels of allergen-specific IgE and blood eosinophils. T cells from immunized ERK1−/− mice manifested reduced proliferation in response to the sensitizing allergen. ERK1−/− T cells had reduced and short-lived expression of JunB following TCR stimulation, which likely contributed to their impaired Th2 differentiation. Immunized ERK1−/− mice showed reduced numbers of CD44high CD4 T cells in the spleen. In vitro studies demonstrated that Th2 but not Th1 cells from ERK1−/− mice had reduced numbers of CD44high cells. Finally, CD4 T cells form ERK1−/− mice expressed higher levels of BIM under growth factor-deprived conditions and reduced Mcl-1 on stimulation. As a result, the survival of CD4 T cells, especially CD44high Th2 cells, was much reduced in ERK1−/− mice. We conclude that ERK1 plays a nonredundant role in Th2 differentiation and development of experimental asthma. ERK1 controls Th2 differentiation and survival through its effect on JunB and BIM, respectively.—Goplen, N., Karim, Z., Guo, L., Zhuang, Y., Huang, H., Gorska, M. M., Gelfand, E., Pagés, G., Pouysségur, J., Alam, R. ERK1 is important for Th2 differentiation and development of experimental asthma. PMID:22262639

Dietary genistein supplementation in laying broiler breeder hens alters the development and metabolism of offspring embryos as revealed by hepatic transcriptome analysis.

PubMed

Lv, Zengpeng; Fan, Hao; Zhang, Beibei; Ning, Chao; Xing, Kun; Guo, Yuming

2018-03-08

capacity, as a result of maternal GEN effects, was conducive to embryonic development. In conclusion, the addition of GEN to the diet of laying broiler breeder hens significantly promoted the development and metabolism of chick embryos.-Lv, Z., Fan, H., Zhang, B., Ning, C., Xing, K., Guo, Y. Dietary genistein supplementation in laying broiler breeder hens alters the development and metabolism of offspring embryos as revealed by hepatic transcriptome analysis.

Global Association of Cold Spells and Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Ryti, Niilo R.I.; Guo, Yuming; Jaakkola, Jouni J.K.

2015-01-01

Background There is substantial evidence that mortality increases in low temperatures. Less is known about the role of prolonged cold periods denoted as cold spells. Objective We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the adverse health effects of cold spells in varying climates. Data sources and extraction Four databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for all years and languages available. “Cold spell” was defined as an event below a temperature threshold lasting for a minimum duration of 2 days. Of 1,527 identified articles, 26 satisfied our eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 9 were eligible for meta-analyses. The articles were grouped by the three main study questions into Overall-effect Group, Added-effect Group, and Temperature-change-effect Group. Data synthesis Based on random-effects models in the meta-analyses, cold spells were associated with increased mortality from all or all nonaccidental causes (summary rate ratio = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17 based on 9 estimates from five studies), cardiovascular diseases (1.11; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19; 12 estimates from eight studies), and respiratory diseases (1.21; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.51; 8 estimates from four studies). Estimated associations were stronger for people ≥ 65 years of age (1.06; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) than for people 0–64 years of age (1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03). Study-specific effect estimates from a limited number of studies suggested an increased morbidity related to cold spells, but it was not possible to quantitatively summarize the evidence. Conclusions Cold spells are associated with increased mortality rates in populations around the world. The body of evidence suggests that cold spells also have other adverse health effects. There was substantial heterogeneity among the studies, which should be taken into account in the interpretation of the results. Citation Ryti NR, Guo Y, Jaakkola JJ. 2016. Global

Slip-flow in complex porous media as determined by a multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landry, C. J.; Prodanovic, M.; Eichhubl, P.

2014-12-01

The pores and throats of shales and mudrocks are predominantly found within a range of 1-100 nm, within this size range the flow of gas at reservoir conditions will fall within the slip-flow and low transition-flow regime (0.001 < Kn < 0.5). Currently, the study of slip-flows is for the most part limited to simple tube and channel geometries, however, the geometry of mudrock pores is often sponge-like (organic matter) and/or platy (clays). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to predict slip-flow in complex geometries, but due to prohibitive computational demand are generally limited to small volumes (one to several pores). Here we present a multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) parameterized for slip-flow (Guo et al. 2008) and adapted here to complex geometries. LBMs are inherently parallelizable, such that flow in complex geometries of significant (near REV-scale) volumes can be readily simulated at a fraction of the computational cost of MD simulations. At the macroscopic-scale the LBM is parameterized with local effective viscosities at each node to capture the variance of the mean-free-path of gas molecules in a bounded system. The corrected mean-free-path for each lattice node is determined using the mean distance of the node to the pore-wall and Stop's correction for mean-free-paths in an infinite parallel-plate geometry. At the microscopic-scale, a combined bounce-back specular-reflection boundary condition is applied to the pore-wall nodes to capture Maxwellian-slip. The LBM simulation results are first validated in simple tube and channel geometries, where good agreement is found for Knudsen numbers below 0.1, and fair agreement is found for Knudsen numbers between 0.1 and 0.5. More complex geometries are then examined including triangular-ducts and ellipsoid-ducts, both with constant and tapering/expanding cross-sections, as well as a clay pore-network imaged from a hydrocarbon producing shale by sequential focused ion

Sleep Duration and Midday Napping with 5-Year Incidence and Reversion of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

PubMed Central

Yang, Liangle; Xu, Zengguang; He, Meian; Yang, Handong; Li, Xiulou; Min, Xinwen; Zhang, Ce; Xu, Chengwei; Angileri, Francesca; Légaré, Sébastien; Yuan, Jing; Miao, Xiaoping; Guo, Huan; Yao, Ping; Wu, Tangchun; Zhang, Xiaomin

2016-01-01

Study Objectives: Prospective evidence on the association of sleep duration and midday napping with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is limited. We aimed to examine the associations of sleep duration and midday napping with risk of incidence and reversion of MetS and its components among a middle-aged and older Chinese population. Methods: We included 14,399 subjects from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) Cohort Study (2008–2013) who were free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline. Baseline data were obtained by questionnaires and health examinations. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived from multivariate logistic regression models. Results: After controlling for potential covariates, longer sleep duration (≥ 9 h) was associated with a higher risk of MetS incidence (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08–1.55) and lower reversion of MetS (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66–0.96) compared with sleep duration of 7 to < 8 h; whereas shorter sleep duration (< 6 h) was not related to incidence or reversion of MetS. For midday napping, subjects with longer napping (≥ 90 min) was also associated with a higher risk of MetS incidence and a lower risk of MetS reversion compared with those with napping of 1 to < 30 min (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.05–2.10 and OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52–0.94, respectively). Significance for incidence or reversion of certain MetS components remained in shorter and longer sleepers but disappeared across napping categories. Conclusions: Both longer sleep duration and longer midday napping were potential risk factors for MetS incidence, and concurrently exert adverse effects on MetS reversion. Citation: Yang L, Xu Z, He M, Yang H, Li X, Min X, Zhang C, Xu C, Angileri F, Légaré S, Yuan J, Miao X, Guo H, Yao P, Wu T, Zhang X. Sleep duration and midday napping with 5-year incidence and reversion of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese. SLEEP 2016;39(11):1911–1918. PMID:27450688

Traditional Chinese Medicine Induced Liver Injury

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is popular around the world and encompasses many different practices with particular emphasis on herbal TCM. Using the PubMed database, a literature search was undertaken to assess the extent herbal TCM products exert rare hepatotoxicity. Analysis of reported cases revealed numerous specified herbal TCM products with potential hepatotoxicity. Among these were An Shu Ling, Bai Fang, Bai Xian Pi, Ban Tu Wan, Bo He, Bo Ye Qing Niu Dan, Bofu Tsu Sho San, Boh Gol Zhee, Cang Er Zi, Chai Hu, Chaso, Chi R Yun, Chuan Lian Zi, Ci Wu Jia, Da Chai Hu Tang, Da Huang, Du Huo, Gan Cao, Ge Gen, Ho Shou Wu, Hu Bohe You, Hu Zhang, Huang Qin, Huang Yao Zi, Hwang Geun Cho, Ji Gu Cao, Ji Ji, Ji Xue Cao, Jiguja, Jin Bu Huan, Jue Ming Zi, Kamishoyosan, Kudzu, Lei Gong Teng, Long Dan Xie Gan Tang, Lu Cha, Ma Huang, Mao Guo Tian Jie Cai, Onshido, Polygonum multiflorum, Qian Li Guang, Ren Shen, Sairei To, Shan Chi, Shen Min, Shi Can, Shi Liu Pi, Shou Wu Pian, Tian Hua Fen, White flood, Wu Bei Zi, Xi Shu, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Yin Chen Hao, Zexie, Zhen Chu Cao, and various unclassified Chinese herbal mixtures. Causality was firmly established for a number of herbal TCM products by a positive reexposure test result, the liver specific scale of CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences), or both. Otherwise, the quality of case data was mixed, especially regarding analysis of the herb ingredients because of adulteration with synthetic drugs, contamination with heavy metals, and misidentification. In addition, non-herbal TCM elements derived from Agaricus blazei, Agkistrodon, Antelope, Bombyx, Carp, Fish gallbladder, Phellinus, Scolopendra, Scorpio, and Zaocys are also known or potential hepatotoxins. For some patients, the clinical course was severe, with risks for acute liver failure, liver transplantation requirement, and lethality. In conclusion, the use of few herbal TCM products may rarely be associated with hepatotoxicity in some

Suicide and Ambient Temperature in East Asian Countries: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis

PubMed Central

Kim, Yoonhee; Honda, Yasushi; Guo, Yue Leon; Chen, Bing-Yu; Woo, Jong-Min; Ebi, Kristie L.

2015-01-01

Background A limited number of studies suggest that ambient temperature contributes to suicide; these studies typically focus on a single nation and use temporally and spatially aggregated data. Objective We evaluated the association between ambient temperature and suicide in multiple cities in three East Asian countries. Methods A time-stratified case-crossover method was used to explore the relationship between temperature and suicide, adjusting for potential time-varying confounders and time-invariant individual characteristics. Sex- and age-specific associations of temperature with suicide were estimated, as were interactions between temperature and these variables. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate country-specific pooled associations of temperature with suicide. Results An increase in temperature corresponding to half of the city-specific standard deviation was positively associated with suicide in most cities, although average suicide rates varied substantially. Pooled country-level effect estimates were 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0, 10.8%) for a 2.3°C increase in ambient temperature in Taiwan, 6.8% (95% CI: 5.4, 8.2%) for a 4.7°C increase in Korea, and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.3, 5.7%) for a 4.2°C increase in Japan. The association between temperature and suicide was significant even after adjusting for sunshine duration; the association between sunshine and suicide was not significant. The associations were greater among men than women in 12 of the 15 cities although not significantly so. There was little evidence of a consistent pattern of associations with age. In general, associations were strongest with temperature on the same day or the previous day, with little evidence of associations with temperature over longer lags (up to 5 days). Conclusions We estimated consistent positive associations between suicide and elevated ambient temperature in three East Asian countries, regardless of country, sex, and age. Citation Kim Y, Kim H, Honda Y, Guo YL

Warm-needle moxibustion for spasticity after stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

PubMed

Yang, Liu; Tan, Jing-Yu; Ma, Haili; Zhao, Hongjia; Lai, Jinghui; Chen, Jin-Xiu; Suen, Lorna K P

2018-03-22

Spasticity is a common post-stroke complication, and it results in substantial deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Although potential positive effects of warm-needle moxibustion on spasticity after stroke have been observed, evidence on its definitive effect remains uncertain. This study aimed to summarize clinical evidence pertaining to therapeutic effects and safety of warm-needle moxibustion for treating spasticity after stroke. Randomized controlled trials were reviewed systematically on the basis of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The report follows the PRISMA statement. Ten electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) were explored, and articles were retrieved manually from two Chinese journals (The Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu) through retrospective search. Randomized controlled trials with warm-needle moxibustion as treatment intervention for patients with limb spasm after stroke were included in this review. The risk of bias assessment tool was utilized in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. All included studies reported spasm effect as primary outcome. Effect size was estimated using relative risk, standardized mean difference, or mean difference with a corresponding 95% confidence interval. Review Manager 5.3 was utilized for meta-analysis. Twelve randomized controlled trials with certain methodological flaws and risk of bias were included, and they involved a total of 878 participants. Warm-needle moxibustion was found to be superior to electroacupuncture or acupuncture in reducing spasm and in promoting motor function and daily living activities. Pooled results for spasm effect and motor function were significant when warm-needle moxibustion was compared with electroacupuncture or acupuncture. A comparison of daily living activities indicated significant differences between warm-needle moxibustion and

A macromolecular crowding study of RNA folding and activity: polymer pore size matters! (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Börner, Richard; Fiorini, Erica; Paudel, Bishnu; Rueda, David; Sigel, Roland K. O.

2016-03-01

Catalytic RNAs, like the group IIB intron ribozyme of S. cerevesiae, require a high magnesium(II) concentration to show folding and function in vitro [1]. In contrast, in vivo conditions are characterized by a highly crowded cellular environment and much lower ion concentration. Molecular crowding agents are a widespread tool to mimic cellular crowding [2]. However, particular physical/chemical properties explaining the crowders influence are mostly not understood. In this study, we gain new insights on how polymer properties like viscosity, pore size etc. influence the activity and folding of a large RNA. We combined bulk activity assays and single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer experiments, screening the PEG volume fraction (%) and molecular weight (MW). Our results revealed that upon the influence of crowding agents, a compaction of the underlying structure depends on the PEG % and the presence of different PEG MW and % unveiled an optimal pore size in terms of catalytic activity. In summary, an increasing density of the crowding environment shifts the RNA towards the most compact state, but the ribozyme is only active if the crowders network matches its size [4]. We interpret the most compact state as necessary, but not sufficient, to keep the ribozyme active. Financial support from the European Research Council (MIRNA N° 259092, to RKOS), the Swiss National Fund (SNF), and the Forschungskredit Grant of the University of Zürich (FK-14-096 and 15-092 to RB) are gratefully acknowledged. [1] Swisher J.F., Su L.J., Brenowitz M., Anderson V.E., Pyle A.M., J. Mol. Bio., 315, 297-310 (2002). [2] Kilburn D., Roh J.H., Guo L., Briber R.M., Woodson S.A., JACS, 132, 8690-6 (2010). [3] Steiner M., Karunatilaka K.S., Sigel R.K.O., Rueda D., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,105, 13853-8 (2008). [4] aBörner R, Fiorini E, Sigel R.K.O., Chimia, 69, 207-212 (2015).; bFiorini E., Paudel B., Börner R., Rueda D., Sigel R.K.O., submitted. [5] König S.L.B., Hadzic M

Integrative analysis of GWAS, eQTLs and meQTLs data suggests that multiple gene sets are associated with bone mineral density.

PubMed

Wang, W; Huang, S; Hou, W; Liu, Y; Fan, Q; He, A; Wen, Y; Hao, J; Guo, X; Zhang, F

2017-10-01

Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of bone mineral density (BMD) have successfully identified multiple susceptibility genes, yet isolated susceptibility genes are often difficult to interpret biologically. The aim of this study was to unravel the genetic background of BMD at pathway level, by integrating BMD GWAS data with genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) data METHOD: We employed the GWAS datasets of BMD from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium (GEFOS), analysing patients' BMD. The areas studied included 32 735 femoral necks, 28 498 lumbar spines, and 8143 forearms. Genome-wide eQTLs (containing 923 021 eQTLs) and meQTLs (containing 683 152 unique methylation sites with local meQTLs) data sets were collected from recently published studies. Gene scores were first calculated by summary data-based Mendelian randomisation (SMR) software and meQTL-aligned GWAS results. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was then applied to identify BMD-associated gene sets with a predefined significance level of 0.05. We identified multiple gene sets associated with BMD in one or more regions, including relevant known biological gene sets such as the Reactome Circadian Clock (GSEA p-value = 1.0 × 10 -4 for LS and 2.7 × 10 -2 for femoral necks BMD in eQTLs-based GSEA) and insulin-like growth factor receptor binding (GSEA p-value = 5.0 × 10 -4 for femoral necks and 2.6 × 10 -2 for lumbar spines BMD in meQTLs-based GSEA). Our results provided novel clues for subsequent functional analysis of bone metabolism, and illustrated the benefit of integrating eQTLs and meQTLs data into pathway association analysis for genetic studies of complex human diseases. Cite this article : W. Wang, S. Huang, W. Hou, Y. Liu, Q. Fan, A. He, Y. Wen, J. Hao, X. Guo, F. Zhang. Integrative analysis of GWAS, eQTLs and meQTLs data suggests that multiple gene sets are associated with bone mineral density. Bone Joint

SU-E-T-614: Plan Averaging for Multi-Criteria Navigation of Step-And-Shoot IMRT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guo, M; Gao, H; Craft, D

2015-06-15

Purpose: Step-and-shoot IMRT is fundamentally discrete in nature, while multi-criteria optimization (MCO) is fundamentally continuous: the MCO planning consists of continuous sliding across the Pareto surface (the set of plans which represent the tradeoffs between organ-at-risk doses and target doses). In order to achieve close to real-time dose display during this sliding, it is desired that averaged plans share many of the same apertures as the pre-computed plans, since dose computation for apertures generated on-the-fly would be expensive. We propose a method to ensure that neighboring plans on a Pareto surface share many apertures. Methods: Our baseline step-and-shoot sequencing methodmore » is that of K. Engel (a method which minimizes the number of segments while guaranteeing the minimum number of monitor units), which we customize to sequence a set of Pareto optimal plans simultaneously. We also add an error tolerance to study the relationship between the number of shared apertures, the total number of apertures needed, and the quality of the fluence map re-creation. Results: We run tests for a 2D Pareto surface trading off rectum and bladder dose versus target coverage for a clinical prostate case. We find that if we enforce exact fluence map recreation, we are not able to achieve much sharing of apertures across plans. The total number of apertures for all seven beams and 4 plans without sharing is 217. With sharing and a 2% error tolerance, this number is reduced to 158 (73%). Conclusion: With the proposed method, total number of apertures can be decreased by 42% (averaging) with no increment of total MU, when an error tolerance of 5% is allowed. With this large amount of sharing, dose computations for averaged plans which occur during Pareto navigation will be much faster, leading to a real-time what-you-see-is-what-you-get Pareto navigation experience. Minghao Guo and Hao Gao were partially supported by the NSFC (#11405105), the 973 Program (#2015CB

The effect of empagliflozin on oxidative nucleic acid modifications in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

PubMed Central

Larsen, Emil List; Cejvanovic, Vanja; Kjær, Laura Kofoed; Vilsbøll, Tina; Knop, Filip Krag; Rungby, Jørgen; Poulsen, Henrik Enghusen

2017-01-01

Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although glycaemic control reduces microvascular complications, the effect of intensive treatment strategies or individual drugs on macrovascular diseases is still debated. RNA oxidation is associated with increased mortality in patients with T2D. Inspired by animal studies showing effect of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor (empagliflozin) on oxidative stress and a recent trial evaluating empagliflozin that demonstrated improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D at high risk of cardiovascular events, we hypothesise that empagliflozin lowers oxidative stress. Methods and analysis In this randomised, double-blinded and placebo-controlled study, 34 adult males with T2D will be randomised (1:1) to empagliflozin or placebo once daily for 14 days as add-on to ongoing therapy. The primary endpoints will be changes in 24-hour urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) determined before and after intervention (by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry). Additionally, fasting levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) will be determined in plasma before and after intervention (by high-performance liquid chromatography). Further, the plasma levels of iron, transferrin, transferrin-saturation, and ferritin are determined to correlate the iron metabolism to the markers of oxidative modifications. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Regional Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (approval number H-16017433), the Danish Medicines Agency, and the Danish Data Protection Agency, and will be carried out under the surveillance and guidance of the GCP unit at Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen in compliance with the ICH-GCP guidelines and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The

Green ambrosia for Soil- Dry Cow Dung Powder: Rhexistasy to Biostasy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagla, Hemlata; Barot, Nisha

2013-04-01

`s Greener ambrosia. Reference: 1. C. Feller, E. Blanchart, A. Herbillon, SSSAJ: 72(5), (2008). 2. N.Fedoroff, M.Courty, Z.Guo, Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths. Elsevier B.V., (2010). 3. Mackowiak et al, SSSAJ: 65, (2001). 4. K.Cimrin, O.Turkmen, M.Turan, B.Tuncer, African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(36), (2010). 5. H.Bagla, N.Barot, EGUGA - 11, 515B, (2009).

Catalytic N 2 Reduction to Silylamines and Thermodynamics of N 2 Binding at Square Planar Fe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Prokopchuk, Demyan E.; Wiedner, Eric S.; Walter, Eric D.

The geometric constraints imposed by a tetradentate P 4N 2 ligand play an essential role in stabilizing square planar Fe complexes with changes in metal oxidation state. A combination of high-pressure electrochemistry and variable temperature UV-vis spectroscopy were used to obtain these thermodynamic measurements, while X-ray crystallography, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and EPR spectroscopy were used to fully characterize these new compounds. Analysis of Fe 0, FeI, and FeII complexes reveals that the free energy of N 2 binding across three oxidation states spans more than 37 kcal mol -1. The square pyramidal Fe0(N 2)(P 4N 2) complex catalyzes the conversionmore » of N 2 to N(SiR 3) 3 (R = Me, Et) at room temperature, representing the highest turnover number (TON) of any Fe-based N 2 silylation catalyst to date (up to 65 equiv N(SiMe 3) 3 per Fe center). Elevated N 2 pressures (> 1 atm) have a dramatic effect on catalysis, increasing N 2 solubility and the thermodynamic N 2 binding affinity at Fe0(N 2)(P 4N 2). Acknowledgment. This research was supported as part of the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. EPR experiments were performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE. Computational resources were provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The authors thank Prof. Yisong Alex Guo at Carnegie Mellon University for recording Mössbauer data for some complexes and Emma Wellington and Kaye Kuphal for their assistance with the collection of Mössbauer data at Colgate University, Dr. Katarzyna Grubel for X-ray assistance, and Dr. Rosalie Chu for mass spectrometry

Global Association of Cold Spells and Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Ryti, Niilo R I; Guo, Yuming; Jaakkola, Jouni J K

2016-01-01

There is substantial evidence that mortality increases in low temperatures. Less is known about the role of prolonged cold periods denoted as cold spells. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the adverse health effects of cold spells in varying climates. Four databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for all years and languages available. "Cold spell" was defined as an event below a temperature threshold lasting for a minimum duration of 2 days. Of 1,527 identified articles, 26 satisfied our eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 9 were eligible for meta-analyses. The articles were grouped by the three main study questions into Overall-effect Group, Added-effect Group, and Temperature-change-effect Group. Based on random-effects models in the meta-analyses, cold spells were associated with increased mortality from all or all nonaccidental causes (summary rate ratio = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17 based on 9 estimates from five studies), cardiovascular diseases (1.11; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19; 12 estimates from eight studies), and respiratory diseases (1.21; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.51; 8 estimates from four studies). Estimated associations were stronger for people ≥ 65 years of age (1.06; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) than for people 0-64 years of age (1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03). Study-specific effect estimates from a limited number of studies suggested an increased morbidity related to cold spells, but it was not possible to quantitatively summarize the evidence. Cold spells are associated with increased mortality rates in populations around the world. The body of evidence suggests that cold spells also have other adverse health effects. There was substantial heterogeneity among the studies, which should be taken into account in the interpretation of the results. Ryti NR, Guo Y, Jaakkola JJ. 2016. Global association of cold spells and adverse health effects: a systematic review and meta

A novel algorithm for finding optimal driver nodes to target control complex networks and its applications for drug targets identification.

PubMed

Guo, Wei-Feng; Zhang, Shao-Wu; Shi, Qian-Qian; Zhang, Cheng-Ming; Zeng, Tao; Chen, Luonan

2018-01-19

The advances in target control of complex networks not only can offer new insights into the general control dynamics of complex systems, but also be useful for the practical application in systems biology, such as discovering new therapeutic targets for disease intervention. In many cases, e.g. drug target identification in biological networks, we usually require a target control on a subset of nodes (i.e., disease-associated genes) with minimum cost, and we further expect that more driver nodes consistent with a certain well-selected network nodes (i.e., prior-known drug-target genes). Therefore, motivated by this fact, we pose and address a new and practical problem called as target control problem with objectives-guided optimization (TCO): how could we control the interested variables (or targets) of a system with the optional driver nodes by minimizing the total quantity of drivers and meantime maximizing the quantity of constrained nodes among those drivers. Here, we design an efficient algorithm (TCOA) to find the optional driver nodes for controlling targets in complex networks. We apply our TCOA to several real-world networks, and the results support that our TCOA can identify more precise driver nodes than the existing control-fucus approaches. Furthermore, we have applied TCOA to two bimolecular expert-curate networks. Source code for our TCOA is freely available from http://sysbio.sibcb.ac.cn/cb/chenlab/software.htm or https://github.com/WilfongGuo/guoweifeng . In the previous theoretical research for the full control, there exists an observation and conclusion that the driver nodes tend to be low-degree nodes. However, for target control the biological networks, we find interestingly that the driver nodes tend to be high-degree nodes, which is more consistent with the biological experimental observations. Furthermore, our results supply the novel insights into how we can efficiently target control a complex system, and especially many evidences on the

Japan-China Joint Medical Workshop on Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics 2008: The need of Asian pharmaceutical researchers' cooperation.

PubMed

Nakata, M; Tang, W

2008-10-01

-viral drugs: Urgent need to develop effective drugs which cause less resistant virus by Nobuyuki Kobayashi (Nagasaki University, Japan) ● Design, synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel heterocyclic compounds as HIV-1 NNRTIs by Xinyong Liu (Shandong University, China) ● Antiviral drug screening from microbial products by Eisaku Tsujii (Astellas Pharma Inc., Japan) ● Viral factors that determine the natural course of chronic hepatitis B viral infection by Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi (The University of Tokyo, Japan) ● Effect of andrographolide derivatives having α-glucosidase inhibition, on HBsAg, HBeAg secretion in HepG2 2.2.15 cells by Hongmin Liu (Zhengzhou University, China) ● Current and future antiviral therapy for influenza by Hideki Asanuma (Tokai University, Japan) ● Establishment of an HIV-based pseudotyping system as a safe model for screening inhibitors on bird flu H5N1 entry by Ying Guo (Peking Union Medical Collegee Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China) ● Strategy of discovery for novel antibiotics using silkworm infection model by Hiroshi Hamamoto (The University of Tokyo, Japan) ● Potent neuraminidase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory substances from Chaenomeles speciosa by Li Zhang (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China) ● High-throughput screening assay for hepatitis C virus helicase inhibitors using fluorescence-quenching phenomenon by Hidenori Tani (Waseda University and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan) Session VI. Biochemistry/Molecular Biology/Pharmacology ● A novel conjugate of low-molecular-weight heparin and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase: Study on its mechanism in preventing brain reperfusion injury after ischemia in gerbils by Fengshan Wang (Shandong University, China) ● A novel gene fudoh in SCCmec region regulates the colony spreading ability and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus by Chikara Kaito (The University of Tokyo, Japan) ● Water soluble

Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate cognitive decline by rescuing synaptic dysfunction and regulating inflammatory responses in APP/PS1 mice.

PubMed

Cui, Guo-Hong; Wu, Jing; Mou, Fang-Fang; Xie, Wei-Hua; Wang, Fu-Bo; Wang, Qiang-Li; Fang, Jie; Xu, Yan-Wu; Dong, You-Rong; Liu, Jian-Ren; Guo, Hai-Dong

2018-02-01

capabilities of APP/PS1 mice, and that the underlying mechanism may lie in the restoration of synaptic dysfunction and regulation of inflammatory responses through regulation of miR-21.-Cui, G.-H., Wu, J., Mou, F.-F., Xie, W.-H., Wang, F.-B., Wang, Q.-L., Fang, J., Xu, Y.-W., Dong, Y.-R., Liu, J.-R., Guo, H.-D. Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate cognitive decline by rescuing synaptic dysfunction and regulating inflammatory responses in APP/PS1 mice.

Role of ring-constrained γ-amino acid residues in α/γ-peptide folding: single-conformation UV and IR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Kusaka, Ryoji; Zhang, Di; Walsh, Patrick S; Gord, Joseph R; Fisher, Brian F; Gellman, Samuel H; Zwier, Timothy S

2013-10-24

The capped α/γ-peptide foldamers Ac-γACHC-Ala-NH-benzyl (γα) and Ac-Ala-γACHC-NH-benzyl (αγ) were studied in the gas phase under jet-cooled conditions using single-conformation spectroscopy. These molecules serve as models for local segments of larger heterogeneous 1:1 α/γ-peptides that have recently been synthesized and shown to form a 12-helix composed of repeating C12 H-bonded rings both in crystalline form and in solution [Guo, L.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16018]. The γα and αγ peptide subunits are structurally constrained at the Cβ-Cγ bond of the γ-residue with a cis-cyclohexyl ring and by an ethyl group at the Cα position. These triamides are the minimum length necessary for the formation of the C12 H-bond. Resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) provides ultraviolet spectra that have contributions from all conformational isomers, while IR-UV hole-burning (IR-UV HB) and resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR) spectroscopies are used to record single-conformation UV and IR spectra, respectively. Four and six conformers are identified in the R2PI spectra of the γα and αγ peptides, respectively. RIDIR spectra in the NH stretch, amide I (C═O stretch), and amide II (NH bend) regions are compared with the predictions of density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M05-2X/6-31+G* level, leading to definite assignments for the H-bonding architectures of the conformers. While the C12 H-bond is present in both γα and αγ, C9 rings are more prevalent, with seven of ten conformers incorporating a C9 H-bond involving in the γ-residue. Nevertheless, comparison of the assigned structures of gas-phase γα and αγ with the crystal structures for γα and larger α/γ-peptides reveals that the constrained γ-peptide backbone formed by the C9 ring is structurally similar to that formed by the larger C12 ring present in the 12-helix. These results confirm that the ACHC/ethyl constrained γ-residue is structurally preorganized to play a

Media Consumption and Creation in Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Web-Based Survey.

PubMed

Groshek, Jacob; Basil, Miles; Guo, Ling; Parker Ward, Sarah; Farraye, Francis A; Reich, Jason

2017-12-08

contributing to a Web-based IBD dialogue. Greater efforts must be taken to stymie IBD misinformation across all media, but especially in social media channels, to increase IBD knowledge and reduce stigma surrounding IBD. These findings pave the way for further research qualitatively examining the pervasiveness of specific IBD messages found in today's social media landscape and their impact on enacted stigmas so as to better equip providers and patient advocacy organizations with impactful communication solutions. ©Jacob Groshek, Miles Basil, Ling Guo, Sarah Parker Ward, Francis A Farraye, Jason Reich. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 08.12.2017.

Effects of Acute Low-Dose Exposure to the Chlorinated Flame Retardant Dechlorane 602 and Th1 and Th2 Immune Responses in Adult Male Mice

PubMed Central

Feng, Yu; Tian, Jijing; Xie, Heidi Qunhui; She, Jianwen; Xu, Sherry Li; Xu, Tuan; Tian, Wenjing; Fu, Hualing; Li, Shuaizhang; Tao, Wuqun; Wang, Lingyun; Chen, Yangsheng; Zhang, Songyan; Zhang, Wanglong; Guo, Tai L.; Zhao, Bin

2016-01-01

, Zhang S, Zhang W, Guo TL, Zhao B. 2016. Effects of acute low-dose exposure to the chlorinated flame retardant dechlorane 602 and Th1 and Th2 immune responses in adult male mice. Environ Health Perspect 124:1406–1413; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510314 PMID:27081854

Internet Hospitals in China: Cross-Sectional Survey.

PubMed

Xie, Xiaoxu; Zhou, Weimin; Lin, Lingyan; Fan, Si; Lin, Fen; Wang, Long; Guo, Tongjun; Ma, Chuyang; Zhang, Jingkun; He, Yuan; Chen, Yixin

2017-07-04

the unavailability of health insurance coverage. China's Internet hospitals are heading in the right direction to improve provision of health services, but much more remains to be done. ©Xiaoxu Xie, Weimin Zhou, Lingyan Lin, Si Fan, Fen Lin, Long Wang, Tongjun Guo, Chuyang Ma, Jingkun Zhang, Yuan He, Yixin Chen. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 04.07.2017.

Assessing the Quality of Mobile Exercise Apps Based on the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines: A Reliable and Valid Scoring Instrument.

PubMed

Guo, Yi; Bian, Jiang; Leavitt, Trevor; Vincent, Heather K; Vander Zalm, Lindsey; Teurlings, Tyler L; Smith, Megan D; Modave, François

2017-03-07

scoring instruments for exercise program apps. Our instrument may be useful for consumers and health care providers who are looking for apps that provide safe, progressive general exercise programs for health and fitness. ©Yi Guo, Jiang Bian, Trevor Leavitt, Heather K Vincent, Lindsey Vander Zalm, Tyler L Teurlings, Megan D Smith, François Modave. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 07.03.2017.

Cr isotope stratigraphy of Ediacaran cap dolostones, Doushantuo Formation, South China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodler, Alexandra; Hohl, Simon V.; Guo, Qingjun; Frei, Robert

2016-04-01

. Although, a careful assessment of detrital contamination and diagenetic alteration is necessary, we propose that using the stable Cr isotope system can provide valuable information and further enhance our understanding of Neoproterozoic ocean oxygenation, past weathering regimes as well as past climate and environmental changes. References: (1) Frei et al. (2011) EPSL 312, 114-125. (2) Guo et al. (2007) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 254, 140-157. (3) Hohl et al. (2015) GCA 163, 262-278. (4) Schoenberg et al. (2008) Chem. Geology 249, 294-306.

Comprehensive evaluation of long-term hydrological data sets: Constraints of the Budyko framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greve, Peter; Orlowsky, Boris; Seneviratne, Sonia I.

2013-04-01

associated with individual data sets. Furthermore, combinations performing well within the Budyko phase space are identified and could be used for future studies, like e.g. to investigate decadal changes of the land water balance. B. MUELLER, M. HIRSCHI, C. JIMENEZ, P. CIAIS, P.A. DIRMEYER, A.J. DOLMAN, J.B. FISHER, Z. GUO, M. JUNG, F. LUDWIG, F. MAIGNAN, D. MIRALLES, M.F. MCCABE, M. REICHSTEIN, J. SHEELD, K. WANG, E.F.WOOD, Y. ZHANG, S.I. SENEVIRATNE (2012): Benchmark products for land evapotranspiration: LandFlux-EVAL multi-dataset synthesis, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., submitted.

PREFACE: Nanostructured surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmer, Richard E.

2003-10-01

devices, respectively, while the papers by Ledieu and Guo report the structural characterization of novel surface systems—quasicrystal surfaces and supramolecular monolayers, respectively. The final two papers, by Bennett and Smith, demonstrate the positive interplay between experimental measurements and theoretical modelling in the investigation of nanostructured surfaces. The examples discussed include, respectively, the growth of metal clusters on oxide surfaces and the deposition of fullerenes and energetic clusters from the gas phase. We note finally that the last six papers in this special issue have been contributed by members of the Committee of the newly-formed Nanoscale Physics and Technology Group of the Institute of Physics. The Group shares with this special issue the aim of promoting and disseminating exciting advances in the flourishing field of nanoscale physics.

Direct to Public Peer Support and e-Therapy Program Versus Information to Aid Self-Management of Depression and Anxiety: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Kaylor-Hughes, Catherine J; Rawsthorne, Mat; Coulson, Neil S; Simpson, Sandra; Simons, Lucy; Guo, Boliang; James, Marilyn; Moran, Paul; Simpson, Jayne; Hollis, Chris; Avery, Anthony J; Tata, Laila J; Williams, Laura; Morriss, Richard K

2017-12-18

two digital interventions using a fully automated digital enrollment and data collection process are considered for people with depression and anxiety. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 12673428; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN12673428/12673428 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6uw6ZJk5a). ©Catherine J Kaylor-Hughes, Mat Rawsthorne, Neil S Coulson, Sandra Simpson, Lucy Simons, Boliang Guo, Marilyn James, Paul Moran, Jayne Simpson, Chris Hollis, Anthony J Avery, Laila J Tata, Laura Williams, REBOOT Notts Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Richard K Morriss. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 18.12.2017.

Attention and Cognitive Bias Modification Apps: Review of the Literature and of Commercially Available Apps.

PubMed

Zhang, Melvyn; Ying, JiangBo; Song, Guo; Fung, Daniel Ss; Smith, Helen

2018-05-24

reported in 7 of 8 trials that we identified in the published literature. Only 1 of the 8 previously evaluated apps was commercially available. The 17 commercial apps we identified tended to use either an attention visual search or gamified task. Only 1 commercial app had been evaluated in the published literature. This is perhaps the first review to synthesize the evidence for published mHealth attention bias apps. Our review demonstrated that evidence for mHealth attention bias apps is inconclusive, and quite a few commercial apps have not been validated scientifically. ©Melvyn Zhang, JiangBo Ying, Guo Song, Daniel SS Fung, Helen Smith. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 24.05.2018.

Mobile Phone Cognitive Bias Modification Research Platform for Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

PubMed

Zhang, Melvyn; Ying, JiangBo; Song, Guo; Fung, Daniel Ss; Smith, Helen

2018-06-12

. Multimedia Appendix 1 contains a video demonstrating the operation of the app, as well as a sample dataset of the reaction times (used for the computation of attentional biases) captured by the app. The current design can be utilized for cognitive bias modification across a spectrum of disorders and is not limited to one disorder. It will be of value for future research to utilize the above platform and compare the efficacy of mHealth approaches, such as the one described in this study, with conventional Web-based approaches in the delivery of attentional bias modification interventions. RR1-10.2196/9740. ©Melvyn Zhang, JiangBo Ying, Guo Song, Daniel SS Fung, Helen Smith. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 12.06.2018.

Peer review statement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2012-11-01

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the editors of the 26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems proceedings. Reviews were conducted by expert referees from the International Technical Committee to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. The members of the Scientific Committee who selected and reviewed the papers included in the Proceedings of the 26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems are: Yulin WU Tsinghua University China François AVELLAN EPFL-LMH Switzerland (principal) Xingqi LUO Xi'an University of Sci & Tech China Martin BÖHLE Kaiserslautern University Germany Gerard BOIS Arts et Métiers ParisTech France Luca D'AGOSTINO University of Pisa Italy Eduard EGUSQUIZA Polytechnical University Catalonia Spain Richard FISHER Voith Hydro Inc USA Regiane FORTES-PATELLA Institute Polytechnique de Grenoble France Aleksandar GAJIC University of Belgrade Serbia Wei YANG China Agriculture University China YinLu YOUNG University of Michigan USA Adrian LUNGU Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Romania Arpad FAY University of Miskolcz Hungary José GONZÁLEZ Universidad de Oviedo Spain Baoshan ZHU Tsinghua University China Hongxun CHEN Shanghai University China Chisachi KATO University of Tokyo Japan Zhenyue MA Dalian University of Sci & Tech China Honggang FAN Tsinghua University China François GUIBAULT Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Canada Pengcheng GUO Xian University of Technology China Leqing WANG Zhejiang University China Toshiaki IKOHAGI Tohoku University Japan Jiandong YANG Wuhan University China Jianzhong ZHOU Huazhong University of Sci & Tech China Jinwei LI NULL China Rennian LI Lanzhou University of Sci & Tech China Houlin LIU NULL China Juan LIU Tsinghua University China Shuhong LIU Tsinghua University China Xianwu LUO Tsinghua University China Michihiro NISHI Tsinghua

The involvement of ethylene in regulation of Arabidopsis gravitropism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ning; Zhu, Lin

green 1, Chen et al 2005; Guo et al 2008). To address the molecular mechanism by which ethylene regulates gravitropism, a cutting-edge phosphopro-teomics approach has been adopted to discover new components involved in ethylene signaling pathways (Li et al 2009). Two putative ethylene response transcription factors: EIL1 and ERF110, have been identified to contain ethylene-regulated phosphorylation sites, the phos-phorylation status of which are ethylene treatment-dependent but EIN2-independent, strongly suggestive of the existence of novel signaling components mediating an alternative ethylene signal pathway. Combination of the time-dependent ethylene treatments with the systematic profiling of protein phosphorylation using functional phosphoproteomics among Arabidopsis ethylene response mutants is able to provide more valuable information about the molecular mechanisms underlying ethylene and gravity signaling pathways. (This work is supported by grants: RPC07/08.SC16, 661408, 661207, N HKUST627/06, DAG04/05.SC08, HKUST6105/01M, and HKUST6413/06M)

Mobile Device Accuracy for Step Counting Across Age Groups.

PubMed

Modave, François; Guo, Yi; Bian, Jiang; Gurka, Matthew J; Parish, Alice; Smith, Megan D; Lee, Alexandra M; Buford, Thomas W

2017-06-28

ranging from 65-84 years. Our analysis shows that apart from the Fitbit Surge, most of the recent mobile devices we tested do not overcount or undercount steps in the 18-39-year-old age group, however some devices undercount steps in older age groups. This finding suggests that accuracy in step counting may be an issue with some popular wearable devices, and that age may be a factor in undercounting. These results are particularly important for clinical interventions using such devices and other activity trackers, in particular to balance energy requirements with energy expenditure in the context of a weight loss intervention program. ©François Modave, Yi Guo, Jiang Bian, Matthew J Gurka, Alice Parish, Megan D Smith, Alexandra M Lee, Thomas W Buford. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 28.06.2017.

Theory of high-TC superconductivity: transition temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harshman, Dale R.; Fiory, Anthony T.; Dow, John D.

2010-12-01

: [132] Harshman D R and Fiory A T 2011 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 315702 References [1] Parkinson N G, Hatton P D, Howard J A K, Ritter C, Chien F Z and Wu M-K 2003 J. Mater. Chem. 13 1468 [2] Rao S M, Wu M-K, Ren H C, Chen C L, Guo J-H, Hsu F C, Chen S Y, Chen Y Y, Chang C L and Liu H L 2011 in preparation

Electromagnetic Emissions During Rock-fracturing Experiments Inside Magnetic Field Free Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, H.; Zhou, J.; Zhu, T.; Jin, H.

2012-12-01

Corporation in America. EME and AE signals were collected at sampling rate larger than 1 MHz, while strain signals at sampling interval of 0.1 second. Abnormal strong EME signals were usually observed at the same moment with the main crack indicated by strain signals. There are too many AE signals but too little EME signals collected during the rock-cracking experiments. Even AE signals with amplitude larger than 60dB were hardly found accompanied by EME signals. Few data indicate that EME and AE signals occur simultaneously. Abnormal EME signals were always detected after rock specimens were cracked, indicated by the torn strain gauges. The lag of EME signals behind the cracking signals revealed by strain gauges may indicate that EME signals were caused by the fast movement of charged rock fragments. This study was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant 41004029) and Institute of Geophysics, CEA (Project No.: DQJB10B14). We would like to thank Shuqing Qian, Zhiwei Guo and Zhengyi Liu to take part in the experiments.

The study of the geomagnetic excursions and the relative intensities from Chinese loess 10Be over the past 130 ka

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, W.; Xian, F.; Beck, J.; An, Z.; Wu, Z.; Liu, M.; Chen, M.; Priller, A.; Kutschera, W.; Jull, A. T.; Yu, H.; Song, S.; Cheng, P.; Kong, X.

2009-12-01

., 34, L17306. 4. Shen, C. D., J. Beer, T. S. Liu, H. Oeschger, G. Bonani, M. Suter, and W.Wolfli (1992), 10Be in Chinese loess, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 109(1-2), 169-177. 5. Gu, Z. Y., D. Lal, T. S. Liu, J. Southon, M. W. Caffee, Z. T. Guo, and M. Y.Chen (1996), Five million year 10Be record in Chinese loess and red-clay: climate and weathering relationships, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144(1-2), 273-287. 6. Beer, J., C. D. Shen, F. Heller ,T.S. Liu, G. Bonani, B. Dittrich, M. Suter, and P.W. Kubik (1993), 10Be and magnetic susceptibility in Chinese Loess, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(1), 57-60 7. Channell, J. E. T.(2006), Late Brunhes polarity excursions (Mono Lake, Laschamp, Iceland Basin and Pringle Falls) recorded at ODP Site 919 (Irminger Basin), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 244(1-2), 378-393.

Interactive Two-Way mHealth Interventions for Improving Medication Adherence: An Evaluation Using The Behaviour Change Wheel Framework.

PubMed

Chiang, Nicole; Guo, Michael; Amico, K Rivet; Atkins, Lou; Lester, Richard T

2018-04-12

evaluation of WelTel using the Behavior Change Wheel suggests that most of its impact is delivered primarily through its personalized communication component, in which 8 different behavior change techniques were identified and linked with 5 intervention functions (environmental restructuring, enablement, education, persuasion, and training). Its mechanisms of action in promoting antiretroviral therapy adherence may involve addressing all Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behavior influences on behavior (physical and psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, reflective and automatic motivation). Systematically unpacking the potential active ingredients of effective interventions facilitates the creation and implementation of more parsimonious, tailored, and targeted approaches. Evaluating WelTel using the Behavior Change Wheel has provided valuable insights into how and why such interactive two-way mHealth interventions may produce greater impact than one-way in addressing both nonintentional and intentional forms of nonadherence. The application of the Behavior Change Wheel for evidence synthesis across mHealth interventions targeting various conditions would contribute to strengthening the knowledge base regarding how they may work to impact medication adherence behavior. ©Nicole Chiang, Michael Guo, K Rivet Amico, Lou Atkins, Richard T Lester. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 12.04.2018.

Individually Tailored, Adaptive Intervention to Manage Gestational Weight Gain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Women With Overweight and Obesity.

PubMed

Symons Downs, Danielle; Savage, Jennifer S; Rivera, Daniel E; Smyth, Joshua M; Rolls, Barbara J; Hohman, Emily E; McNitt, Katherine M; Kunselman, Allen R; Stetter, Christy; Pauley, Abigail M; Leonard, Krista S; Guo, Penghong

2018-06-08

participants. To date, 24 participants have completed the intervention and postintervention follow-up assessments, 3 are currently in progress, 1 dropped out, and 3 women had early miscarriages and are no longer active in the study. Of the 24 participants, 13 women have completed the intervention to date, of which 1 (8%, 1/13) received only the baseline intervention, 3 (23%, 3/13) received baseline + step-up 1, 6 (46%, 6/13) received baseline + step-up 1 + step-up 2, and 3 (23%, 3/13) received baseline + step-up 1 + step-up 2 +step-up 3. Data analysis is still ongoing through spring 2018. This is one of the first intervention studies to use an individually tailored, adaptive design to manage weight gain in pregnancy. Results from this study will be useful in designing a larger randomized trial to examine efficacy of this intervention and developing strategies for clinical application. RR1-10.2196/9220. ©Danielle Symons Downs, Jennifer S Savage, Daniel E Rivera, Joshua M Smyth, Barbara J Rolls, Emily E Hohman, Katherine M McNitt, Allen R Kunselman, Christy Stetter, Abigail M Pauley, Krista S Leonard, Penghong Guo. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 08.06.2018.

Sorption/Desorption Interactions of Plutonium with Montmorillonite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Begg, J.; Zavarin, M.; Zhao, P.; Kersting, A. B.

2012-12-01

first order process. Furthermore, a pH dependence was observed, with less desorbed at pH 4 compared to pH 8. We suggest the pH dependence is likely controlled by reoxidation of Pu(IV) to Pu(V) and aqueous speciation. We will present models used to describe desorption behavior and discuss the implications for Pu transport. References: Kersting, A.B.; Efurd, D.W.; Finnegan, D.L.; Rokop, D.J.; Smith, D.K.; Thompson J.L. (1999) Migration of plutonium in groundwater at the Nevada Test Site, Nature, 397, 56-59. Novikov A.P.; Kalmykov, S.N.; Utsunomiya, S.; Ewing, R.C.; Horreard, F.; Merkulov, A.; Clark, S.B.; Tkachev, V.V.; Myasoedov, B.F. (2006) Colloid transport of plutonium in the far-field of the Mayak Production Association, Russia, Science, 314, 638-641. Santschi, P.H.; Roberts, K.; Guo, L. (2002) The organic nature of colloidal actinides transported in surface water environments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3711-3719. This work was funded by U. S. DOE Office of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program, and performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-570161

Experimental Compressibility of Molten Hedenbergite at High Pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agee, C. B.; Barnett, R. G.; Guo, X.; Lange, R. A.; Waller, C.; Asimow, P. D.

2010-12-01

Experiments using the sink/float method have bracketed the density of molten hedenbergite (CaFeSi2O6) at high pressures and temperatures. The experiments are the first of their kind to determine the compressibility of molten hedenbergite at high pressure and are part of a collaborative effort to establish a new database for an array of silicate melt compositions, which will contribute to the development of an empirically based predictive model that will allow calculation of silicate liquid density and compressibility over a wide range of P-T-X conditions where melting could occur in the Earth. Each melt composition will be measured using: (i) double-bob Archimedean method for melt density and thermal expansion at ambient pressure, (ii) sound speed measurements on liquids to constrain melt compressibility at ambient pressure, (iii) sink/float technique to measure melt density to 15 GPa, and (iv) shock wave measurements of P-V-E equation of state and temperature between 10 and 150 GPa. Companion abstracts on molten fayalite (Waller et al., 2010) and liquid mixes of hedenbergite-diopside and anorthite-hedenbergite-diopside (Guo and Lange, 2010) are also presented at this meeting. In the present study, the hedenbergite starting material was synthesized at the Experimental Petrology Lab, University of Michigan, where melt density, thermal expansion, and sound speed measurements were also carried out. The starting material has also been loaded into targets at the Caltech Shockwave Lab, and experiments there are currently underway. We report here preliminary results from static compression measurement performed at the Department of Petrology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, and the High Pressure Lab, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico. Experiments were carried out in Quick Press piston-cylinder devices and a Walker-style multi-anvil device. Sink/float marker spheres implemented were gem quality synthetic forsterite (Fo100), San Carlos olivine (Fo90), and

Development of Whole Slide Imaging on Smartphones and Evaluation With ThinPrep Cytology Test Samples: Follow-Up Study.

PubMed

Huang, Yu-Ning; Peng, Xing-Chun; Ma, Shuoxin; Yu, Hong; Jin, Yu-Biao; Zheng, Jun; Fu, Guo-Hui

2018-04-04

demonstrated a positive relationship with the central processing unit frequency but to a smaller degree than expected and was highly model-dependent. The virtual slides produced by sWSI on Android and iOS of ThinPrep cytology test samples achieved similar high quality. Using optical microscopy as the ground truth, pathologists made a correct diagnosis on 87.5% (175/200) of the cases with sWSI virtual slides. Depending on the sWSI version and the pathologist in charge, the kappa value varied between .70 and .82. All participating pathologists considered the quality of the sWSI virtual slides in the experiment to be adequate for routine usage. Limited by hardware and operating system support, the performance of sWSI on mainstream Android smartphones did not fully match the iOS version. However, in practice, this difference was not significant, and both were adequate for digitizing most of the sample types for telepathology consultation. ©Yu-Ning Huang, Xing-Chun Peng, Shuoxin Ma, Hong Yu, Yu-Biao Jin, Jun Zheng, Guo-Hui Fu. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 04.04.2018.

2.6-2.7 Ga continental crust growth in Yangtze craton, South China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, K.; Gao, S.; Wu, Y.

2013-12-01

A combined study of zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes and whole rock major and trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes has been conducted for 10 granitic and tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic (TTG) gneisses from the Kongling terrain, the only known Archean microcontinent in the Yangtze craton, South China. The results reveal a significant magmatic event at ~2.6-2.7 Ga (Fig. 1), in addition to the previously reported ~2.9 Ga and ~3.2-3.3 Ga magmatism (Zhang et al., 2006; Jiao et al., 2009; Gao et al., 2011). The ~2.6-2.7 Ga rocks show relatively high REE (530-1074 ppm), apparently negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.22-0.35), low #Mg (19.51-22.63) and low LaN/YbN (10.3-24.2). Besides, they have high K-feldspar proportion and relatively evaluated (K2O+Na2O)/CaO, TFeO/MgO, Zr, Nb, Ce and Y contents. Their 10000 × Ga/Al ratios range between 3.00 and 3.54. All these features suggest that the protoliths of these gneisses are A-type granites. Most of the ~2.6-2.7 Ga zircon grains have ɛHf(t) values >0 (up to 7.93, close to the depleted mantle value). This clearly indicates a considerably higher proportion of new crustal components in the ~2.6-2.7 Ga granitoids compared to the ~3.2-3.3 Ga and ~2.9 Ga TTGs. Our results support the conclusion of worldwide studies of igneous and detrital zircons that age peaks at 2.65-2.76 Ga represent increases in the volume of juvenile continental crust. The present study also confirms the existence of the two older magmatic events in the Kongling terrain. Both whole rock ɛNd(t) values (-3.74 to 1.59) and the zircon ɛHf(t) values (-11.18 to 3.55) for the ~2.9 Ga TTG and the Hf isotopes of ~3.2-3.3 Ga igneous zircons (-7.37 to 3.12) are chondritic or subchondritic, suggesting that they were mainly generated by reworking of older rocks with a small amount of new crustal additions. References Gao, S., Yang, J., Zhou, L., Li, M., Hu, Z.C., Guo, J.L., Yuan, H.L., Gong, H.J., Xiao, G.Q., Wei, J.Q., 2011. Age and growth of the Archean Kongling terrain

[The roots of Cha and Gambir].

PubMed

Sugiyama, Shigeru

2005-01-01

This article attempts to trace the origin of tea. The author believes the ancient Chinese tea, "chia", is either Jicha (water extract from the pith of Acacia catechu that grows naturally in the mountainous border between the Yunnan province of China and southern Asian countries) or Jicha-Kagikazura (water extract from the young branches and leaves of Uncaris gambir, originally found in India/Sri Lanka). Both were pulverized after being kiln-dried and then mixed with water to produce a thick suspension, or tea. Although the drink is bitter and has an astringent property, it has a particular flavor with a refreshing after-taste. Its components with medicinal properties include tannin, catechin, and various flavonoids, making us believe it was worthwhile for the people at the time to consume the drink regularly. Generally speaking, tea cultivation in China flourished south of the Yangzi Jiang River including the present Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Depending on the regions, there were words for tea in various languages, including the names of places where particular teas were grown. In addition to the names that appear in the famous Chajing book, it is interesting to note Da Fang pronounced tea as "TAH". Because the area south of the Yangzi Jiang has traditionally been active in foreign trade since the ancient and middle ages. People in this region consumed various foreign originated teas as well. This included Gambir, which was introduced to southern Asia (including present Malaysia and Indonesia) and was consumed as an herbal tea under names such as Guo Luo or Ju Luo teas. Paan, from India, also uses Gambir paste and was a popular chewing refreshment to prevent diseases caused by miasma as well as to keep one's mouth clean. The name A-sen-yaku used in Japan was taken from the plant name Acasia, and Gambir was used to dye Buddhist monks' Ke-Ra bags to a blackish yellow color. The Daikanwa dictionary states the Ra in the name, which means thin silk, was later

Using Social Media Data to Understand the Impact of Promotional Information on Laypeople's Discussions: A Case Study of Lynch Syndrome.

PubMed

Bian, Jiang; Zhao, Yunpeng; Salloum, Ramzi G; Guo, Yi; Wang, Mo; Prosperi, Mattia; Zhang, Hansi; Du, Xinsong; Ramirez-Diaz, Laura J; He, Zhe; Sun, Yuan

2017-12-13

.57% (2704/14,564) were classified as laypeople's discussions. The most discussed themes were treatment (n=4080) and genetic testing (n=3073). We found that the topic distributions in laypeople's discussions were similar to the distributions in promotional Lynch syndrome-related information. Furthermore, most people had a positive attitude when discussing Lynch syndrome. The proportion of negative tweets was 3.51%. Within each topic, treatment (16.67%) and genetic testing (5.60%) had more negative tweets compared with other topics. When comparing monthly trends, laypeople's discussions had a strong correlation with promotional Lynch syndrome-related information on awareness (r=.98, P<.001), while there were moderate correlations on screening (r=.602, P=.05), genetic testing (r=.624, P=.04), treatment (r=.69, P=.02), and risk (r=.66, P=.03). We also discovered that the Colon Cancer Awareness Month (March 2017) and the Lynch Syndrome Awareness Day (March 22, 2017) had significant positive impacts on laypeople's discussions and their attitudes. There is evidence that participative social media platforms, namely Twitter, offer unique opportunities to inform cancer communication surveillance and to explore the mechanisms by which these new communication media affect individual health behavior and population health. ©Jiang Bian, Yunpeng Zhao, Ramzi G Salloum, Yi Guo, Mo Wang, Mattia Prosperi, Hansi Zhang, Xinsong Du, Laura J Ramirez-Diaz, Zhe He, Yuan Sun. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 13.12.2017.

Examining the relationship between mercury and organic matter in lake sediments along a latitudinal transect in subarctic Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galloway, Jennifer M.; Sanei, Hamed; Parsons, Michael; Swindles, Graeme T.; Macumber, Andrew L.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Palmer, Michael; Falck, Hendrik

2016-04-01

matter and mercury in recent lake sediment: the physical-geochemical aspects. Appl Geochem 21: 1900-12. 2Outridge, P.M., Sanei, H., Stern, G.A., Hamilton, P.B., Goodarzi, F. 2007. Evidence for control of mercury accumulation rates in Canadian high Arctic lake sediments by variations of aquatic primary productivity. Environ Sci Technol 41: 5259-65. 3Wu, F., Zu, L., Liao, H., Guo, F., Zhao, X., Giesy, J. 2013. Relationship between mercury and organic carbon in sediment cores from Lakes Qinghai and Chenghai, China. J Soils Sediments 13: 1084-1092.4Kirk, J.L., Muir, D.C.G., Antoniades, D., Douglas, M.S.V., Evans, M.S., Jackson, T.A., Kling, H., Lamoureux, S., Lim, D.S.S., Pienitz, R., Smol, J.P., Stewart, K., Wang, X., Yang, F. 2011. Response to comment on climate change and mercury accumulation in Canadian high and subarctic lakes. Environ Sci Technol 45: 6705-06.5Deison, R., Smol, J.P., Kokelj, S.V., Pisaric, M.F.J., Kimpe, L.E., Poulain, A.J., Sanei, H., Theinpoint, J.R., Blais, J.M. 2012. Spatial and temporal assessment of mercury and organic matter in thermokarst affected lakes of the Mackenzie Delta Uplands, NT, Canada. Environ Sci Tech 46: 8748-55.

International Conference on Applied Sciences (ICAS2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lemle, Ludovic Dan; Jiang, Yiwen

2014-03-01

present new researches in the various fields of materials engineering, mechanical engineering, computers engineering, mathematical engineering and clinical engineering. It's our great pleasure to present this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering to the scientific community to promote further researches in these areas. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this volume will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the respective fields. All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the editors of the ICAS2013 proceedings, Ludovic Dan Lemle and Yiwen Jiang. Special thanks should be directed to the organizing committee for their tremendous efforts in organizing the conference: General Chair Zhou Laixin, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Co-chairs Du Qifa, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Serban Viorel-Aurel, ''Politehnica'' University of Timişoara Fen Youmei, Wuhan University Lin Pinghua, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Members Lin Darong, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Guo Zhonghou, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Sun Honghong, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Liu Dong, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan We thank the authors for their contributions and we would also like to express our gratitude everyone who contributed to this conference, especially for the generous support of the sponsor: micromega S C Micro-Mega HD S A Ludovic Dan Lemle and Yiwen Jiang Coordinators of the Scientific Committee of ICAS2013 Deatails of organizers and members of the scientific commmittee are available in the PDF

Influence of mycorhization and soil organic matters on lead and antimony transfers to vegetables cultivated in urban gardens: environmental and sanitary consequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierart, Antoine; Braud, Armelle; Lebeau, Thierry; Séjalon-Delmas, Nathalie; Dumat, Camille

2014-05-01

. References: Feng, R., Wei, C., Tu, S., Ding, Y., Wang, R., Guo, J., 2013. The uptake and detoxification of antimony by plants: a review. Environ. Exp. Bot. 96, 28-34. Foucault, Y., Lévêque, T., Xiong, T., Schreck, E., Austruy, A., Shahid, M., Dumat, C., 2013. Green manure plants for remediation of soils polluted by metals and metalloids: Ecotoxicity and human bioavailability assessment. Chemosphere 93, 1430-1435. Gu, H.H., Li, F.P., Yu, Q., Gao, Y.Q., Yuan, X.T., 2013. The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae and Festuca arundinacea in Phytostabilization of Lead/Zinc Tailings. Adv. Mater. Res. 699, 245-250. Lebeau, T., Braud, A., Jézéquel, K., 2008. Performance of bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction applied to metal contaminated soils: A review. Environ. Pollut. 153, 497-522. Sharma, A., Sharma, H., 2013. Role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the Mycoremediation of Heavy Toxic Metals From Soil. Int J LifeSc Bt Pharm Res 2, 2418-2431. Wu, F., Fu, Z., Liu, B., Mo, C., Chen, B., Corns, W., Liao, H., 2011. Health risk associated with dietary co-exposure to high levels of antimony and arsenic in the world's largest antimony mine area. Sci. Total Environ. 409, 3344-3351. Xiong, T., Austruy, A., Dappe, V., Leveque, T., Sobanska, S., Foucault, Y., Dumat, C., 2013. Phytotoxicity and bioaccessibility of metals for vegetables exposed to atmosphere fine particles in polluted urban areas". Urban Environmental Pollution, Asian Edition, 17-20, Beijing, China.

RETRACTED: Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with sepsis susceptibility and sepsis progression.

PubMed

Yang, Chun-Hua; Zhou, Tian-Biao

2015-12-01

This article has been included in a multiple retraction: Chun-Hua Yang and Tian-Biao Zhou Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with sepsis susceptibility and sepsis progression Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314568521, first published on February 3, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314568521 This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and the Publisher. After conducting a thorough investigation, SAGE found that the submitting authors of a number of papers published in the Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System ( JRAAS) (listed below) had supplied fabricated contact details for their nominated reviewers. The Editors accepted these papers based on the reports supplied by the individuals using these fake reviewer email accounts. After concluding that the peer review process was therefore seriously compromised, SAGE and the journal Editors have decided to retract all affected articles. Online First articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Wenzhuang Tang, Tian-Biao Zhou, and Zongpei Jiang Association of the angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism with risk of diabetes mellitus developing into diabetic nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563426, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563426 Tian-Biao Zhou, Hong-Yan Li, Zong-Pei Jiang, Jia-Fan Zhou, Miao-Fang Huang, and Zhi-Yang Zhou Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in radiation nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563424, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563424 Weiqiang Zhong, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566019, first published on January 26, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314566019 Tian-Biao Zhou, Xue-Feng Guo, Zongpei

RETRACTED: Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population.

PubMed

Zhong, Weiqiang; Jiang, Zongpei; Zhou, Tian-Biao

2015-12-01

.1177/1470320314566019 Tian-Biao Zhou, Xue-Feng Guo, Zongpei Jiang, and Hong-Yan Li Relationship between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T1DN susceptibility/risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563425, first published on February 1, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563425 Chun-Hua Yang and Tian-Biao Zhou Relationship between the angiotensinogen A1166C gene polymorphism and the risk of diabetes mellitus developing into diabetic nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566221, first published on February 1, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314566221 Chun-Hua Yang and Tian-Biao Zhou Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with sepsis susceptibility and sepsis progression Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314568521, first published on February 3, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314568521 Articles published in an issue Guohui Liu, Tian-Biao Zhou, Zongpei Jiang, and Dongwen Zheng Association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with T2DN susceptibility and the risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in a Caucasian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System March 2015 16: 165-171, first published on November 14, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314557849 Weiqiang Zhong, Zhongliang Huang, Yong Wu, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene polymorphism with IgA nephropathy risk and progression of IgA nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System September 2015 16: 660-665, first published on August 20, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314524011.

The Partial Molar Volume and Compressibility of the FeO Component in Model Basalts (Mixed CaAl2Si2O8-CaMgSi2O6-CaFeSi2O6 Liquids) at 0 GPa: evidence of Fe2+ in 6-fold coordination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, X.; Lange, R. A.; Ai, Y.

2010-12-01

compressibility (±1σ) for FeO = 2.4 (± 0.3) 10-2 GPa-1 at 1723 K. In contrast, the compressibility of FeO in pure hedenbergite liquid is more than twice as large: 6.3 (± 0.2) 10-2 GPa-1. When these results are combined with density and sound speed data on CaO-FeO-SiO2 liquids at one bar (Guo et al., 2009), a systematic and linear variation between the partial molar volume and compressibility of the FeO component is obtained, which appears to track changes in the average Fe2+ coordination in these liquids. Therefore, the three most important conclusions of this study are: (1) ideal mixing of volume and compressibility does not occur for all FeO-bearing magmatic liquids, owing to changes in Fe2+ coordination, (2) the partial molar volume and compressibility of FeO varies linearly and systematically with Fe2+ coordination, and (3) ideal mixing of volume and compressibility does occur among the three mixed An-Di-Hd liquids, presumably because of a common, average Fe2+ coordination of ~6.

Biogenetically-Inspired Total Synthesis of Epidithiodiketopiperazines and Related Alkaloids

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

the past decade, an increasing number of studies have uncovered powerful new biological processes that these molecules can uniquely effect, such as the inhibition of histone methyltransferases by chaetocin A (GreinerD. et al. Nat. Chem. Biol.2005, 1, 14316408017). In fact, the complete collection of hexahydropyrroloindoline alkaloids features a diverse range of potent biological properties including cytotoxic, antitumor, antileukemic, antiviral, antibiotic, and antinematodal activities (JiangC.-S.; GuoY.-W.Mini-Rev. Med. Chem.2011, 11, 72821651467). This mélange of activities is reflective of their structural diversity. Under the precepts of retrobiosynthetic analysis, we have accomplished the syntheses of more than a dozen natural products, including members of the bionectin, calycanthaceous, chaetocin, gliocladin, naseseazine, and verticillin alkaloids. More importantly, these molecules have acted as venerable venues for the development of new strategies to address structural challenges including, but not limited to, C3–C3′ vicinal quaternary centers, heterodimeric linkages, C3–Csp2 linkages, diketopiperazine oxidation, stereoselective thiolation, homologue-specific polysulfidation, and C12-hydroxyl incorporation. Synthesis of these natural products has resulted in the structural confirmation, and sometimes revision such as the case of (+)-naseseazines A and B, as well as access to many plausible biogenetically relevant intermediates and new synthetic ETP derivatives. Furthermore, our studies have paved the way for the formulation of a comprehensive SAR profile and the identification of lead compounds with in vitro subnanomolar IC50’s against a broad range of cancer types. PMID:25843276

The importance of Soil Science to understand and remediate Land Degradation and Desertification processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouma, Johan; Keesstra, Saskia; Cerdà, Artemi

2017-04-01

., Guo, Z., & Xiao, J. (2016). Key role of desert-oasis transitional area in avoiding oasis land degradation from aeolian desertification in dunhuang, northwest china. Land Degradation and Development, doi:10.1002/ldr.2584

PREFACE: 35th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE35)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2014-03-01

the Proceedings. Editor-in-Chief: GUO Huadong Executive Editors: WANG Changlin, JING Linhai, WANG Lizhe, and CHEN Fang Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences The organizing structure of the 35th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment can be found in the PDF.

Assessing Statewide All-Cause Future One-Year Mortality: Prospective Study With Implications for Quality of Life, Resource Utilization, and Medical Futility.

PubMed

Guo, Yanting; Zheng, Gang; Fu, Tianyun; Hao, Shiying; Ye, Chengyin; Zheng, Le; Liu, Modi; Xia, Minjie; Jin, Bo; Zhu, Chunqing; Wang, Oliver; Wu, Qian; Culver, Devore S; Alfreds, Shaun T; Stearns, Frank; Kanov, Laura; Bhatia, Ajay; Sylvester, Karl G; Widen, Eric; McElhinney, Doff B; Ling, Xuefeng Bruce

2018-06-04

cohort. The mortality was 0.99% in the low-risk group, 16.75% in the intermediate-risk group, and 72.12% in the high-risk group. A total of 99 independent risk factors (n=99) for mortality were identified (reported as odds ratios; 95% CI). Age was on the top of list (1.41; 1.06-1.48); congestive heart failure (20.90; 15.41-28.08) and different tumor sites were also recognized as driving risk factors, such as cancer of the ovaries (14.42; 2.24-53.04), colon (14.07; 10.08-19.08), and stomach (13.64; 3.26-86.57). Disparities were also found in patients' social determinants like respiratory hazard index (1.24; 0.92-1.40) and unemployment rate (1.18; 0.98-1.24). Among high-risk patients who expired in our dataset, cerebrovascular accident, amputation, and type 1 diabetes were the top 3 diseases in terms of average cost in the last year of life. Our study prospectively validated an accurate 1-year risk prediction model and stratification for the elderly population (≥65 years) at risk of mortality with statewide electronic medical record datasets. It should be a valuable adjunct for helping patients to make better quality-of-life choices and alerting care givers to target high-risk elderly for appropriate care and discussions, thus cutting back on futile treatment. ©Yanting Guo, Gang Zheng, Tianyun Fu, Shiying Hao, Chengyin Ye, Le Zheng, Modi Liu, Minjie Xia, Bo Jin, Chunqing Zhu, Oliver Wang, Qian Wu, Devore S Culver, Shaun T Alfreds, Frank Stearns, Laura Kanov, Ajay Bhatia, Karl G Sylvester, Eric Widen, Doff B McElhinney, Xuefeng Bruce Ling. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 04.06.2018.

EDITORIAL: Fluctuations and noise in photonics and quantum optics: a special issue in memory of Hermann Haus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbott, Derek; Shapiro, Jeffrey H.; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa

2004-08-01

dedicated this Special Issue to him. The first item is an obituary reflecting on his life and work. The first technical paper in this issue represents Hermann’s last sole author publication; a special thanks is due to A P Flitney for organizing this manuscript into publishable form. We thank the members of the International Programme Committee, listed below, and all those who contributed to making the event such a success. At this point we take the opportunity to express our gratitude to both the authors and reviewers, for their unfailing efforts in preparing and ensuring the high quality of the papers in this Special Issue. International Programme Committee David A Cardimona Air Force Research Laboratory, USA Howard Carmichael University of Auckland, New Zealand Carlton M Caves University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA Peter D Drummond University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia Paul J Edwards University of Canberra, Australia Luca Gammaitoni Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy Brage Golding Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Gabriela Gonzalez Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA Guangcan Guo University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China Salman Habib Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA Murray Hamilton University of Adelaide, Australia Bei-Lok Hu University of Maryland/College Park, USA Daniel K Johnstone Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA Franz X Kärtner Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Prem Kumar Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Zachary Lemnios DARPA, Arlington, VA, USA Gerd Leuchs Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen--Nürnberg, Germany Hideo Mabuchi California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Peter W Milonni Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA Adrian C Ottewill University College Dublin, Ireland Martin B Plenio Imperial College, London, UK Rajeev J Ram Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Farhan Rana Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Variability of PAHs and trace metals in the sediments in relation to environmental characteristics of the bottom layer in the middle Adriatic Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grilli, Federica; Frapiccini, Emanuela; Campanelli, Alessandra; Guicciardi, Stefano; Marini, Mauro; Marasovic, Ivona; Grbec, Branka; Skejić, Sanda; Ujević, Ivana; Lušić, Jelena

2015-04-01

towards the Italian coast. The total PAHs concentrations (sum of 16 PAH priority pollutant - US EPA) recorded in the marine sediments during the cruise in April 2013 showed a higher level of PAH contamination in the pits, especially in the central pit (28.5 ng/g d.w.), in comparison to others analyzed samples. The corresponding bottom water in the central pit is characterized by a temperature of 10.9°C, density of 29.6 kg/m3, salinity of 38.6 and low values of DIN (0.55 μmol•l-1). The linear regression between DIN and PAHs showed a significant negative relationship (p ≤ 0.05). This feature implies a possible accumulation of PAHs very likely due to a lower microbial activity as demonstrated by Xu et al. (2014). The physical and chemical characteristics of the bottom layer in these areas could influence the PAHs contamination of the deep sediments. Bibliography: Grbec, B. and Morović, M. (1997): Seasonal thermohaline fluctuations in the middle Adriatic Sea. Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C-Geophysics & Space Physics. 20(4): 561-576. Grilli F., Marini M., Book J. W., Campanelli A., Paschini E., Russo A., 2013. Flux of nutrients between the middle and southern Adriatic Sea (Gargano-Split section). Marine Chemistry 153,1-14. Marini, M., Russo, A., Paschini, E., Grilli, F., Campanelli, A., 2006. Short-term physical and chemical variations in the bottom water of middle Adriatic depressions. Climate Research 31, 227-237. Meiying Xu, Qin Zhang, Chunyu Xia, Yuming Zhong, Guoping Sun, Jun Guo, Tong Yuan, Jizhong Zhou and Zhili He, 2014. Elevated nitrate enriches microbial functional genes for potential bioremediation of complexly contaminated sediments. The ISME Journal 8, 1932-1944 | doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.42 Marasović I., Grbec B. & Morović M., 1995. Long term production changes in the Adriatic. Neth. J. of Sea Res. 34 (4): 267-273. Vilibić I., Grbec B. and Supić N., 2004. Dense water generation in the north Adriatic in 1999 and its recirculation along

Nuclear Structure in China 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Hong-Bo; Meng, Jie; Zhao, En-Guang; Zhou, Shan-Gui

2011-08-01

Personal view on nuclear physics research / Jie Meng -- High-spin level structures in [symbol]Zr / X. P. Cao ... [et al.] -- Constraining the symmetry energy from the neutron skin thickness of tin isotopes / Lie-Wen Chen ... [et al.] -- Wobbling rotation in atomic nuclei / Y. S. Chen and Zao-Chun Gao -- The mixing of scalar mesons and the possible nonstrange dibaryons / L. R. Dai ... [et al.] -- Net baryon productions and gluon saturation in the SPS, RHIC and LHC energy regions / Sheng-Qin Feng -- Production of heavy isotopes with collisions between two actinide nuclides / Z. Q. Feng ... [et al.] -- The projected configuration interaction method / Zao-Chun Gao and Yong-Shou Chen -- Applications of Nilsson mean-field plus extended pairing model to rare-earth nuclei / Xin Guan ... [et al.] -- Complex scaling method and the resonant states / Jian-You Guo ... [et al.] -- Probing the equation of state by deep sub-barrier fusion reactions / Hong-Jun Hao and Jun-Long Tian -- Doublet structure study in A[symbol]105 mass region / C. Y. He ... [et al.] -- Rotational bands in transfermium nuclei / X. T. He -- Shape coexistence and shape evolution [symbol]Yb / H. Hua ... [et al.] -- Multistep shell model method in the complex energy plane / R. J. Liotta -- The evolution of protoneutron stars with kaon condensate / Ang Li -- High spin structures in the [symbol]Lu nucleus / Li Cong-Bo ... [et al.] -- Nuclear stopping and equation of state / QingFeng Li and Ying Yuan -- Covariant description of the low-lying states in neutron-deficient Kr isotopes / Z. X. Li ... [et al.] -- Isospin corrections for superallowed [symbol] transitions / HaoZhao Liang ... [et al.] -- The positive-parity band structures in [symbol]Ag / C. Liu ... [et al.] -- New band structures in odd-odd [symbol]I and [symbol]I / Liu GongYe ... [et al.] -- The sd-pair shell model and interacting boson model / Yan-An Luo ... [et al.] -- Cross-section distributions of fragments in the calcium isotopes projectile

Satellite clock corrections estimation to accomplish real time ppp: experiments for brazilian real time network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marques, Haroldo; Monico, João; Aquino, Marcio; Melo, Weyller

2014-05-01

The real time PPP method requires the availability of real time precise orbits and satellites clocks corrections. Currently, it is possible to apply the solutions of clocks and orbits available by BKG within the context of IGS Pilot project or by using the operational predicted IGU ephemeris. The accuracy of the satellite position available in the IGU is enough for several applications requiring good quality. However, the satellites clocks corrections do not provide enough accuracy (3 ns ~ 0.9 m) to accomplish real time PPP with the same level of accuracy. Therefore, for real time PPP application it is necessary to further research and develop appropriated methodologies for estimating the satellite clock corrections in real time with better accuracy. Currently, it is possible to apply the real time solutions of clocks and orbits available by Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) within the context of IGS Pilot project. The BKG corrections are disseminated by a new proposed format of the RTCM 3.x and can be applied in the broadcasted orbits and clocks. Some investigations have been proposed for the estimation of the satellite clock corrections using GNSS code and phase observable at the double difference level between satellites and epochs (MERVAT, DOUSA, 2007). Another possibility consists of applying a Kalman Filter in the PPP network mode (HAUSCHILD, 2010) and it is also possible the integration of both methods, using network PPP and observables at double difference level in specific time intervals (ZHANG; LI; GUO, 2010). For this work the methodology adopted consists in the estimation of the satellite clock corrections based on the data adjustment in the PPP mode, but for a network of GNSS stations. The clock solution can be solved by using two types of observables: code smoothed by carrier phase or undifferenced code together with carrier phase. In the former, we estimate receiver clock error; satellite clock correction and troposphere, considering

Achieving sustainable ground-water management by using GIS-integrated simulation tools: the EU H2020 FREEWAT platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rossetto, Rudy; De Filippis, Giovanna; Borsi, Iacopo; Foglia, Laura; Toegl, Anja; Cannata, Massimiliano; Neumann, Jakob; Vazquez-Sune, Enric; Criollo, Rotman

2017-04-01

management of combined use of ground- and surface-water resources in rural environments is accomplished by the Farm Process module embedded in MODFLOW-OWHM (Hanson et al., 2014), which allows to dynamically integrate crop water demand and supply from ground- and surface-water; • UCODE_2014 (Poeter et al., 2014) is implemented to perform sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation to improve the model fit through an inverse, regression method based on the evaluation of an objective function. Through creating a common environment among water research/professionals, policy makers and implementers, FREEWAT aims at enhancing science and participatory approach and evidence-based decision making in water resource management, hence producing relevant outcomes for policy implementation. Acknowledgements This paper is presented within the framework of the project FREEWAT, which has received funding from the European Union's HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement n. 642224. References Hanson, R.T., Boyce, S.E., Schmid, W., Hughes, J.D., Mehl, S.M., Leake, S.A., Maddock, T., Niswonger, R.G. One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MODFLOW-OWHM), U.S. Geological Survey, Techniques and Methods 6-A51, 2014 134 p. Harbaugh A.W. (2005) - MODFLOW-2005, The U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model - the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey, Techniques and Methods 6-A16, 253 p. Langevin C.D., Thorne D.T. Jr., Dausman A.M., Sukop M.C. & Guo Weixing (2007) - SEAWAT Version 4: A Computer Program for Simulation of Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A22, 39 pp. Poeter E.P., Hill M.C., Lu D., Tiedeman C.R. & Mehl S. (2014) - UCODE_2014, with new capabilities to define parameters unique to predictions, calculate weights using simulated values, estimate parameters with SVD, evaluate uncertainty with MCMC, and more. Integrated Groundwater Modeling Center Report Number GWMI 2014-02. Rossetto, R., Borsi

EDITORIAL: The 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, OFS-19 The 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, OFS-19

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sampson, David D.; Jones, Julian D. C.; Tatam, Ralph P.

2009-03-01

, distributed fibre sensors, based on Raman or Brillouin scattering, are beginning to be deployed for remote and sub-sea infrastructure monitoring. Western Australia enjoys a booming oil and gas sector, and so OFS-19's Special Session entitled Oil & Gas: Current Practice-Future Opportunity was timely and locally relevant. An innovation at OFS-19 was turning the traditional first day's Workshop into a Tutorial Workshop delivered under the title Optical Fibre Sensors: Enabling the Next Generation, Stretching the Present Generation. International experts delivered a set of eight tutorials, covering both fundamentals and cutting-edge advances, to a large proportion of the conference delegates (the tutorials are available for download at obel.ee.uwa.edu.au/OFS-19). This special issue amply demonstrates in microcosm the breadth of the field of optical fibre sensors, with papers concerning applications in the oil and gas industry, in water and air quality, in civil engineering, as well as new sensors, sensor systems and methods for sensing. In addition, there are papers concerning sensor fabrication and calibration, as well as components of sensing systems. Several papers and topics are worthy of mention. The engineering of nanostructured materials promises much in many fields, including sensing in general. Thus, it is not surprising to find that nanotechnology is in evidence in the field of fibre sensing (Jarzebinska, Viegas). Microengineered mechanical structures also promise much for sensing and the exquisite 'head-of-a-pin' engineering of a cantilever on a fibre end-face is an elegant and versatile platform demonstrated here for refractometry (Alberts). The field has always provided fertile ground for new ideas, and this issue proves no exception. For example, three papers deal with new ways of solving the well-known issue of decoupling temperature from strain in fibre Bragg gratings (Guo, Nguyen, Yam). The ultimate endpoint for research in such a practical field is a useful

Particle processing technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakka, Yoshio

2014-02-01

. Mater. 12 013001 [3] Sakka Y and Uchikoshi T 2010 KONA Powder Particle J. 28 74 (kona.or.jp/search/28_074.pdf) [4] Naguib M, Mashtalir O, Carle J, Presser V, Lu J, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y and Barsoum M W 2012 ACS Nano 6 1322 [5] Sakka Y and Suzuki T S 2005 J. Ceram. Soc. Japan 113 26 [6] Grasso S, Sakka Y and Maizza G 2009 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 10 053001 [7] Nakao H, Tokonami S, Hamada T, Shiigi H, Nagaoka T, Iwate F and Takeda Y 2012 Nanoscale 4 6814 [8] Miyazawa K and Hotta K 2010 J. Cryst. Growth 312 2764 [9] Suehiro T, Xie R and Hirosaki N 2013 Indust. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 7453 [10] Zhu Q, Li J-G, Li X, Sun X and Sakka Y 2011 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 12 055001 [11] Li J, Li J-G, Zhang Z, Wu X, Liu S, Li X, Sun X and Sakka Y 2012 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 13 035007 [12] Kawamura F, Yusa H and Taniguchi T 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 251910 [13] Watanabe K and Taniguchi T 2011 Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 8 977 [14] Deng Z-Y, Ferreira J M F and Sakka Y 2008 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91 3825 [15] Uda M, Okuyama H, Suzuki T S and Sakka Y 2012 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 13 025009 [16] Takeya H, Kato R, Wakahara T, Miyazawa K, Yamaguchi T, Ozaki T, Okazaki H and Takano Y 2013 Mater. Res. Bull. 48 343 [17] Wakahara T, D'Angelo P, Miyazawa K, Nemoto Y, Ito O, Tanigaki N, Bradley D D C and Anthopoulos T D 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 7204 [18] Wiecinska P, Sakka Y, Suzuki T S, Uchikoshi T, Mizerski T and Szafran M 2013 J. Ceram. Soc. Japan 121 89 [19] Kawakita M, Uchikoshi T, Kawakita J and Sakka Y 2009 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92 984 [20] Hu C, Sakka Y, Grasso S, Nishimura T, Guo S and Tanaka H 2011 Scr. Mater. 64 765 [21] Hu C, Sakka Y, Nishimura T, Guo S, Grasso S and Tanaka H 2011 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 12 044603 [22] Kakisawa H and Sumitomo T 2011 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 12 064710 [23] Grasso S, Hu C F, Maizza G, Kim B N and Sakka Y 2011 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 1405 [24] Grasso S, Kim B N, Hu C F, Maizza G and Sakka Y 2010 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93 2460 [25] Zhang H B, Kim B N, Morita K

Lattice models and integrability: a special issue in honour of F Y Wu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guttmann, A. J.; Jacobsen, J. L.

2012-12-01

in this issue by Duminil-Copin to prove the divergence of the correlation length for the Potts model (in its formulation in terms of Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters) when 1 <= q <= 4 [48]. Establishing the phase diagrams of lattice models is a recurrent theme in Wu's works. In an interesting but little-known work from 2000 with Guo and Blöte [30], he has shown that, contrary to common belief, the O(n) model on the honeycomb lattice has a second-order phase transition for n > 2. The question of phase diagrams for O(n)-type models is taken up in this issue by Blöte, Wang and Guo8 [49]. In 1983-84, Wu joined the National Science Foundation as the Director of the Condensed Matter Theory Program for 18 months. His duty was managing funding to individual researchers in condensed matter theory in the US. The 18-month tour in Washington offered Wu a bird's-eye view of condensed matter physics research in US universities, an understanding that proved useful to his later researches. Throughout his career, Wu has insisted on the general applicability of graphical analysis to a variety of lattices. This aspect was highlighted in his 1988 paper on the Potts model and graph theory [31], in which he derived a number of equivalences with (di)chromatic and flow polynomials on arbitrary planar graphs, both for the partition function and correlation functions. An earlier result in the same vein is the equivalence of the Potts model on a planar graph with a loop model on the corresponding medial graph, found in 1976 in collaboration with Baxter and Kelland [15]. Building on these results, and on recent progress in the combinatorial approach to planar maps, Borot, Bouttier and Guitter systematically investigate properties of percolation and Potts models on random planar maps in their contribution to this issue [50]. Wu has published extensively on dimer enumerations. His work includes exact enumerations on non-orientable surfaces and surfaces with a single boundary defect. In this issue, Lu

EDITORIAL: Nanotechnology under the skin Nanotechnology under the skin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2011-07-01

spectrum. Like microorganisms that can be critical to life processes and fatal too, there is no doubt a little yin-yang in the role of nanoparticles in our future. Perhaps one of the exciting elements in nanomedical research is the possibility of putting materials with potentially harmful characteristics to use for healing. The results of scientific endeavour at the nanoscale continue to progress our understanding, allowing us to maximise the potential of nanotechnology within informed restrictions. Where knowledge lays the boundaries, a little imagination adds wings, and the current state of research in nanomedicine seems well set to take flight. References [1] Grecco A C P 2011 Nanotechnology 22 265103 [2] Zhu X, Wang J, Zhang X, Chang Y and Chen Y 2009 Nanotechnology 20 195103 [3] Liu Y et al 2009 Nanotechnology 20 415102 [4] Weinstein S and Peer D 2010 Nanotechnology 22 232001 [5] Iijima S 1991 Nature 354 56-8 [6] Ou Z, Wu B, Xing D, Zhou F, Wang H and Tang Y 2009 Nanotechnology 20 105102 [7] Wallace E J and Sansom M S P 2009 Nanotechnology 20 045101 [8] Zhu Y, Ran T, Li Y, Guo J and Li W 2006 Nanotechnology 17 4668 [9] Lam C-W, James J T, McCluskey R and Hunter R L 2004 Toxicol. Sci. 77 126-34

PREFACE: The 15th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS15)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Z. Y.

2013-04-01

Committees and Staff Chair of the Conference Ziyu Wu International Advisory Committee Adam Hitchcock, Canada Adriano Filipponi, Italy Alain Manceau, France Alexander Soldatov, Russia Andrea Di Cicco, Italy Britt Hedman, USA Bruce Bunker, USA Calogero R. Natoli, Italy Christopher T. Chantler, Australia Frank M. F. De Groot, Netherlands Hiroyuki Oyanagi, Japan Ingolf Lindau, USA J. Mustre de Leon, México James E Penner-Hahn, USA Joaquin Garcia Ruiz, Spain John Evans, UK John J. Rehr, USA Kiyotaka Asakura, Japan Majed Chergui, Switzerland Mark Newton, UK Shiqiang Wei, P. R. China Tsun-Kong Sham, Canada Ziyu Wu, P. R. China International Program Committee Antonio Bianconi, Italy Augusto Marcelli, Italy Emad Flear Aziz, Germany Jinghua Guo, USA Joly Yves, France Masaharu Nomura, Japan Maurizio Benfatto, Italy Pieter Glatzel, France Shiqiang Wei, China Tiandou Hu, China Toshihiko Yokoyama, Japan Way-Faung Pong, Taiwan Xinyi Zhang, China Yi Xie, China Yuying Huang, China Zhonghua Wu, China Ziyu Wu, China Local Organizing Committee Bo He Fengchun Hu Haifeng Zhao Jing Zhang Meijuan Yu Qin Yu Shuo Zhang Wangsheng Chu Wei He Wei Xu Wensheng Yan Xiaomei Gong Xing Chen Yang Zou Yi Xia Zheng Jiang Zhi Xie Zhihu Sun Zhiyun Pan Additional Staff Chengxun Liu

EDITORIAL: Big challenges and nanosolutions Big challenges and nanosolutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2011-07-01

population dynamics will evolve throughout future generations attracts considerable debate and a range of strong opinions. But in the meantime, as this issue's review highlights, there is a great deal of scope in exploiting nanotechnology to find potential technological solutions to the challenges increasing populations pose at present. And that's not to mention the intriguing insights into nanoscale physics that may be discovered along the way. References [1] Penza M, Rossi R, Alvisi M and Serra E 2010 Nanotechnology 21 105501 [2] Gu B, Zhu Y, Chang J, Peng C, Liu D, Min Y, Luo W, Howarth R W and Ge Y 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 014011 [3] Galloway J N, Townsend A R, Erisman J W, Bekunda M, Cai Z, Freney J R, Martinelli L A, Seitzinger S P and Sutton M A 2008 Science 320 889-92 [4] Humplik T et al 2011 Nanotechnology 22 292001 [5] Guo Z, Meng F, Luo T, Li M and Liu J 2009 Nanotechnology 20 125501 [6] Chen Y, Chen Z, He Y, Lin H, Sheng P, Liu C, Luo S and Cai Q 2010 Nanotechnology 20 105102 [7] Ren L, Ma L, Jin L, Wang J-B, Qiu M and Yu Y 2009 Nanotechnology 20 405602 [8] Wang Y, Wang G, Wang H, Cai W, Liang C and Zhang L 2009 Nanotechnology 20 156604 [9] Hardin G 1968 Science 162 1243-8

EDITORIAL: Nanotechnological selection Nanotechnological selection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2013-01-01

across the channel. The aim of achieving selectivity encompasses a huge range of fields in nanotechnology research, from sensing and medicine to nanoelectronics and self-assembly. As our understanding of how nanosystems behave deepens, so too does the hunger to improve our capabilities, allowing greater precision and control in manipulating these systems. Selectivity is far from trivial when shrinking to systems of nanoscale dimensions, but the range of opportunities it brings just keeps on growing. References [1] Gong X, Li J, Guo C, Xu K and Hui Y 2012 Molecular switch for tuning ions across nanopores by an external electric field Nanotechnology 24 025502 [2] Brannon-Peppas L and Blanchette J O 2004 Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev 56 1649-59 [3] Lukianova-Hleb E Y, Hanna E Y, Hafner J H and Lapotko D O 2010 Tunable plasmonic nanobubbles for cell theranostics Nanotechnology 21 085102 [4] Zhang T, Mubeen S, Myung N V and Deshusses M A 2008 Recent progress in carbon nanotube-based gas sensors Nanotechnology 19 332001 [5] Mangu R, Rajaputra S and Singh V P 2011 MWCNT-polymer composites as highly sensitive and selective room temperature gas sensors Nanotechnology 22 215502 [6]Meller A, Nivon L, Brandin E, Golovchenko J and Branton D 2000 Rapid nanopore discrimination between single polynucleotide molecules Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 97 1079-84 [7] Asghar W, Ilyas A, Deshmukh R R, Sumitsawan S, Timmons R B and Iqbal S M 2011 Pulsed plasma polymerization for controlling shrinkage and surface composition of nanopores Nanotechnology 22 285304

Editorial: Focus on X-ray Beams with High Coherence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Ian; Gruebel, Gerhard; Mochrie, Simon

2010-03-01

This editorial serves as the preface to a special issue of New Journal of Physics, which collects together solicited papers on a common subject, x-ray beams with high coherence. We summarize the issue's content, and explain why there is so much current interest both in the sources themselves and in the applications to the study of the structure of matter and its fluctuations (both spontaneous and driven). As this collection demonstrates, the field brings together accelerator physics in the design of new sources, particle physics in the design of detectors, and chemical and materials scientists who make use of the coherent beams produced. Focus on X-ray Beams with High Coherence Contents Femtosecond pulse x-ray imaging with a large field of view B Pfau, C M Günther, S Schaffert, R Mitzner, B Siemer, S Roling, H Zacharias, O Kutz, I Rudolph, R Treusch and S Eisebitt The FERMI@Elettra free-electron-laser source for coherent x-ray physics: photon properties, beam transport system and applications E Allaria, C Callegari, D Cocco, W M Fawley, M Kiskinova, C Masciovecchio and F Parmigiani Beyond simple exponential correlation functions and equilibrium dynamics in x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy Anders Madsen, Robert L Leheny, Hongyu Guo, Michael Sprung and Orsolya Czakkel The Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Sébastien Boutet and Garth J Williams Dynamics and rheology under continuous shear flow studied by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy Andrei Fluerasu, Pawel Kwasniewski, Chiara Caronna, Fanny Destremaut, Jean-Baptiste Salmon and Anders Madsen Exploration of crystal strains using coherent x-ray diffraction Wonsuk Cha, Sanghoon Song, Nak Cheon Jeong, Ross Harder, Kyung Byung Yoon, Ian K Robinson and Hyunjung Kim Coherence properties of the European XFEL G Geloni, E Saldin, L Samoylova, E Schneidmiller, H Sinn, Th Tschentscher and M Yurkov Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging: treatment and analysis of data G J

Adaptive re-tracking algorithm for retrieval of water level variations and wave heights from satellite altimetry data for middle-sized inland water bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troitskaya, Yuliya; Lebedev, Sergey; Soustova, Irina; Rybushkina, Galina; Papko, Vladislav; Baidakov, Georgy; Panyutin, Andrey

. [6] S.A. Lebedev, and A.G. Kostianoy, Satellite Altimetry of the Caspian Sea. Moscow : MORE, [in Russian], 2005. [7] P. A. M. Berry et al., “Global inland water monitoring from multi-mission altimetry”, Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 32, pp. L16401, 2005. [8] S. Calmant, and F. Seyler, “Continental surface waters from satellite altimetry,” Geosciences C.R., vol. 338, pp. 1113-1122, 2006. [9] C. H. Davis, “A robust threshold retracking algorithm for measuring ice sheet surface elevation change from satellite radar altimeters,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 35, pp. 974-979, 1997. [10] X. Deng, and W. E. Featherstone, “A coastal retracking system for satellite radar altimeter waveforms: Application to ERS-2 around Australia,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 111, pp. C06012, 2006. [11] J. Guo et al., “Lake level variations monitored with satellite altimetry waveform retracking,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Obs., vol. 2(2), pp. 80-86, 2009. [12] Mercier F., Rosmorduc V., Carrere L., Thibaut P., Coastal and Hydrology Altimetry product (PISTACH) handbook. Version 1.0. 2010. [13] Yu.Troitskaya et al., “Satellite altimetry of inland water bodies,” Water Resources, vol. 39(2), pp.184-199, 2012. [14] Yu.Troitskaya et al., “Adaptive retracking of Jason-1 altimetry data for inland waters: the example of the Gorky Reservoir”, Int. J. Rem. Sens., vol. 33, pp. 7559-7578, 2012. [15] Yu.Troitskaya et al., , "Adaptive retracking of Jason-1,2 satellite altimetry data for the Volga river reservoirs ," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Obs., issue 99, 2013, doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2267092.

PREFACE: Quark Matter 2006 Conference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Yu-Gang; Wang, En-Ke; Cai, Xu; Huang, Huan-Zhong; Wang, Xin-Nian; Zhu, Zhi-Yuan

2007-07-01

oral presentations. Professors T Hemmick, H Satz, D T Son and N Xu gave excellent pedagogical lectures in the pre-conference student symposium and their efforts were greatly appreciated. The Shanghai Association of Science and Technology (SAST) and the staff of the Shanghai science hall provided valuable assistance and services during the conference. The conference would not have run so smoothly without their professional dedication. We also thank Professor Wenqing Shen, Chairman of the SAST, for his many valuable suggestions to the conference organizers and for providing close cooperation with SAST staff. We thank members of the Local Organizing Committee for many useful suggestions and help. We would like to express our special appreciation for the tireless efforts by many local staff who worked very hard to make this conference a success. Dr Xiang-Zhou Cai, Mrs Wei Zhou and Mrs Yang Shen undertook many duties to coordinate and organize the local services. Dr Kun Wang took responsibility of the conference web page. Dr Wei Guo, Dr Wendong Tian, Mr Chunwang Ma and Mrs Wanyan Qian organized student volunteers for the conference. Without their help and dedication this conference could not have been such a success. The Quark Matter 2006 conference has received substantial financial support from many organizations, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Ministry of Education of China (MOE), Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (SSTC), Chinese Nuclear Physics Society (CNPS), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), Central China Normal University (CCNU), China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CCAST), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), and Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics (IOP Publishing).

PACIAE 2.1: An updated issue of the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sa, Ben-Hao; Zhou, Dai-Mei; Yan, Yu-Liang; Dong, Bao-Guo; Cai, Xu

2013-05-01

We have updated the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.0 (cf. Ben-Hao Sa, Dai-Mei Zhou, Yu-Liang Yan, Xiao-Mei Li, Sheng-Qin Feng, Bao-Guo Dong, Xu Cai, Comput. Phys. Comm. 183 (2012) 333.) to the new issue of PACIAE 2.1. The PACIAE model is based on PYTHIA. In the PYTHIA model, once the hadron transverse momentum pT is randomly sampled in the string fragmentation, the px and py components are originally put on the circle with radius pT randomly. Now it is put on the circumference of ellipse with half major and minor axes of pT(1+δp) and pT(1-δp), respectively, in order to better investigate the final state transverse momentum anisotropy. New version program summaryManuscript title: PACIAE 2.1: An updated issue of the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.0 Authors: Ben-Hao Sa, Dai-Mei Zhou, Yu-Liang Yan, Bao-Guo Dong, and Xu Cai Program title: PACIAE version 2.1 Journal reference: Catalogue identifier: Licensing provisions: none Programming language: FORTRAN 77 or GFORTRAN Computer: DELL Studio XPS and others with a FORTRAN 77 or GFORTRAN compiler Operating system: Linux or Windows with FORTRAN 77 or GFORTRAN compiler RAM: ≈ 1GB Number of processors used: Supplementary material: Keywords: relativistic nuclear collision; PYTHIA model; PACIAE model Classification: 11.1, 17.8 External routines/libraries: Subprograms used: Catalogue identifier of previous version: aeki_v1_0* Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 183(2012)333. Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes* Nature of problem: PACIAE is based on PYTHIA. In the PYTHIA model, once the hadron transverse momentum(pT)is randomly sampled in the string fragmentation, thepxandpycomponents are randomly placed on the circle with radius ofpT. This strongly cancels the final state transverse momentum asymmetry developed dynamically. Solution method: Thepxandpycomponent of hadron in the string fragmentation is now randomly placed on the circumference of an ellipse with

A Data mining and Meta-Analysis of Geodiversity and Geological Preservation Studies: Pedodiversity, the Other Side of the Coin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibáñez, Juanjo; Brevik, Eric C.; Cerdà, Artemi

2017-04-01

.09.009 Stavi, I., Rachmilevitch, S., and Yizhaq, H. 2016. Small-scale geodiversity regulates functioning, connectivity, and productivity of shrubby, semi-arid rangelands. Land Degradation and Development, doi:10.1002/ldr.2469 Yan, X., and Cai, Y.L. 2015. Multi-scale anthropogenic driving forces of karst rocky desertification in southwest China. Land Degradation and Development 26(2), 193-200. doi:10.1002/ldr.2209 Zhang, K., An, Z., Cai, D., Guo, Z., and Xiao, J. 2016. Key role of desert-oasis transitional area in avoiding oasis land degradation from aeolian desertification in Dunhuang, northwest China. Land Degradation and Development, doi:10.1002/ldr.2584

EDITORIAL: On display with transparent conducting films On display with transparent conducting films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2012-03-01

the sheet resistance of HNO3 treated carbon-nanotube films than the removal of residual N-methylpyrrolidone. Unsurprisingly graphene, the latest carbon wonder material, has also shown remarkable potential as a transparent conducting film. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) synthesis of graphene has the advantage that it allows fabrication of the sheets to be scaled up. A collaboration of researchers in the USA, Singapore and Korea demonstrated that the conductivity of CVD graphene sheets can be improved by p-doping with AuCl3 [9]. The potential of graphene in a range of applications is also being demonstrated, as researchers in Australia and China show in a report on graphene in transparent conducting electrodes for GaN LED devices [10]. The review in this issue [4] provides a comprehensive overview of graphene as an electrode, including the synthesis, chemical doping and work function engineering of the material, as well as applications in transistors, memories, molecular junctions, touch screens, LCDs, LEDs and solar cells. Back in the early 1950s Gillham and Preston saw the possibility of using their gold sputtered bismuth oxide films for windows that could be electrically heated and took out a patent on their discovery [11]. While they saw potential applications for conducting transparent films, it could be argued that even Gillham and Preston would have been surprised at the extent to which transparent conducting films have infiltrated everyday technology over the 60 years since. It is tempting to wonder what wide reaching ramifications the current fruitful activity in graphene device research may have in the decades to come. References [1] Ayrton W E and Mather T 1894 J. Int. Elec. Eng. 23 376-80 [2] Gillham E J and Preston J S 1952 Proc. Phys. Soc. B 65 649 [3] Ishiguro K, Sasaki T, Arai T and Imai I 1958 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 13 296-304 [4] Jo G, Choe M, Lee S, Park W, Kahng Y H and Lee T 2012 Nanotechnology 23 112001 [5] Guo P and Aegerter M A 1999 Thin Solid

Sensing at the nanoscale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna; Hierold, Christofer

2013-11-01

Stampfer C 2013 Graphene-based charge sensors Nanotechnology 24 444001 [6] Nagelli E, Naik R, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhang M and Dai L 2013 Sensor arrays from multicomponent micropatterned nanoparticles and graphene Nanotechnology 24 444010 [7] Zhang J, Strelcov E and Kolmakov A 2013 Heat dissipation from suspended self-heated nanowires: gas sensor prospective Nanotechnology 24 444009 [8] Morante J R 2013 Chemical to electrical transduction mechanisms from single metal oxide nanowires measurements: response time constant analysis Nanotechnology 24 444004 [9] Stuart E J E, Tschulik K, Omanovi D, Cullen J T, Jurkschat K, Crossley A and Compton R G 2013 Electrochemical detection of commercial silver nanoparticles: identification, sizing and detection in environmental media Nanotechnology 24 444002 [10] Cho H, Felts J R, Yu M-F, Bergman L A, Vakakis A F and King W P 2013 Improved atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy for rapid nanometer-scale chemical identification Nanotechnology 24 444007 [11] Yoon J-W, Kim H-J, Kim I-D and Lee J-H 2013 Electronic sensitization of C2H5OH response in p-type NiO nanofibers by Fe doping Nanotechnology 24 444005 [12] Guo Y, Su S, Wei X, Zhong Y, Su Y, Huang Q, Fan C and He Y A 2013 Silicon-based electrochemical sensor for highly sensitive, specific, label-free, and real-time DNA detection Nanotechnology 24 444012 [13] Liao Y-J, Shiang Y-C, Chen L-Y, Hsu C-L, Huang C-C and Chang H-T 2013 Detection of adenosine triphosphate through polymerization-induced aggregation of actinconjugated gold/silver nanorods Nanotechnology 24 444003 [14] Korzeniowska B, Nooney R, Wencel D and McDonagh C 2013 Silica nanoparticles for cell imaging and intracellular sensing Nanotechnology 24 442002

EDITORIAL: Focus on Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors FOCUS ON DILUTE MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chambers, Scott A.; Gallagher, Bryan

2008-05-01

Chisholm, J D Budai and D P Norton Role of charge carriers for ferromagnetism in cobalt-doped rutile TiO2 T Fukumura, H Toyosaki, K Ueno, M Nakano and M Kawasaki Ab-initio study of exchange constants and electronic structure in diluted magnetic group-IV semiconductors Silvia Picozzi and Marjana Ležaić Phase coherent transport in (Ga,Mn)As D Neumaier, K Wagner, U Wurstbauer, M Reinwald, W Wegscheider and D Weiss Hydrogen interstitials-mediated ferromagnetism in MnxGe1-x magnetic semiconductors Xin-Xin Yao, Shi-Shen Yan, Shu-Jun Hu, Xue-Ling Lin, Chong Han, Yan-Xue Chen, Guo-Lei Liu and Liang-Mo Mei Electronic structures of magnetic semiconductors FeCr2Se4 and Fe0.5Cu0.5Cr2Se4 B I Min, Seung Su Baik, H C Choi, S K Kwon and J-S Kang Investigation of pure and Co2+-doped ZnO quantum dot electronic structures using the density functional theory: choosing the right functional Ekaterina Badaeva, Yong Feng, Daniel R Gamelin and Xiaosong Li Magnetic properties of sol-gel-derived doped ZnO as a potential ferromagnetic semiconductor: a synchrotron-based study N R S Farley, K W Edmonds, A A Freeman, G van der Laan, C R Staddon, D H Gregory and B L Gallagher Local electronic structure of Cr in the II-VI diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Zn1-xCrxTe M Kobayashi, Y Ishida, J I Hwang, G S Song, A Fujimori, C S Yang, L Lee, H-J Lin, D J Huang, C T Chen, Y Takeda, K Terai, S-I Fujimori, T Okane, Y Saitoh, H Yamagami, K Kobayashi, A Tanaka, H Saito and K Ando Lack of ferromagnetism in n-type cobalt-doped ZnO epitaxial thin films T C Kaspar, T Droubay, S M Heald, P Nachimuthu, C M Wang, V Shutthanandan, C A Johnson, D R Gamelin and S A Chambers XMCD studies on Co and Li doped ZnO magnetic semiconductors Thomas Tietze, Milan Gacic, Gisela Schütz, Gerhard Jakob, Sebastian Brück and Eberhard Goering Ferromagnetic semiconductors and the role of disorder B W Wessels An extensive comparison of anisotropies in MBE grown (Ga,Mn)As material C Gould, S Mark, K Pappert, R G Dengel, J Wenisch, R P

Developing an efficient scheduling template of a chemotherapy treatment unit: A case study.

PubMed

Ahmed, Z; Elmekkawy, Ty; Bates, S

2011-01-01

service where staff are ignorant about the behaviour of the system as a whole; which can also be described as a real professional system. Niranjon et al.7 used simulation successfully where they had to face such constraints and lack of accessible data. Carlos et al. 8 used Total quality management and simulation - animation to improve the quality of the emergency room. Simulation was used to cover the key point of the emergency room and animation was used to indicate the areas of opportunity required. This study revealed that a long waiting time, overload personnel and increasing withdrawal rate of patients are caused by the lack of capacity in the emergency room. Baesler et al.9 developed a methodology for a cancer treatment facility to find stochastically a global optimum point for the control variables. A simulation model generated the output using a goal programming framework for all the objectives involved in the analysis. Later a genetic algorithm was responsible for performing the search for an improved solution. The control variables that were considered in this research are number of treatment chairs, number of drawing blood nurses, laboratory personnel, and pharmacy personnel. Guo et al. 10 presented a simulation framework considering demand for appointment, patient flow logic, distribution of resources, scheduling rules followed by the scheduler. The objective of the study was to develop a scheduling rule which will ensure that 95% of all the appointment requests should be seen within one week after the request is made to increase the level of patient satisfaction and balance the schedule of each doctor to maintain a fine harmony between "busy clinic" and "quiet clinic". Huschka et al.11 studied a healthcare system which was about to change their facility layout. In this case a simulation model study helped them to design a new healthcare practice by evaluating the change in layout before implementation. Historical data like the arrival rate of the patients

AAS 228: Day 2 morning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-06-01

panel on the lifecycles of galaxies began with a talk by Ben Cook (astrobites author) on how we can infer whether a galaxy experienced large mergers. Cook used the Illustris simulation to study how stars are left in so-called stellar halos far outside galaxies after they have large collisions. Yicheng Guo then showed evidence that lower-mass galaxies tend to form their stars in a few large bursts, rather than long, steady formation like in more massive galaxies. Ali Khostavan measured the strengths of particular emission lines, which are found to increase further back in time, telling us that galaxies were forming many more stars early on in the universe than they are now.Artists impression of the heart of an active galaxy, known as an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). [NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab]Irene Shivael presented a new measurement of the relationship between the star-formation rate of a galaxy and the mass of its stars (i.e., its stellar mass). This relation has been measured to have very different values by a large number of different studies! Gene Leung look at the spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and found that many of them are blowing out large blobs of gas into the space around their host galaxies. This process is an important part of how we think galaxies shut off their star formation: the AGN blow the gas far away, so it cannot collapse and form new stars.Rui Xue studied large glowing halos of Lyman-alpha emission that are seen around high-redshift galaxies. This emission is lighting up the gas around each galaxy and can be used to measure the circum-galactic medium, the stuff around galaxies extremely far away. SungWon Kwak ran new simulations to study how small (dwarf) galaxies can form central bars or spiral arms when they fall into clusters or collide with other galaxies. Dusan Keres closed out the session by talking about a new, very powerful simulation called FIRE, which uses very complicated star-formation models and

Poster Session B

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

been shown to undergo significant changes as it ages. These changes range from genomic to structural. We have completed a label-free quantitative global profiling and targeted analysis of the cardiac proteome in aging mice using a novel data acquisition method, pSMART. Heart tissue was isolated and homogenized from both young (2 months old) and old (2 years old) mice. Solubilized and digested protein samples were spiked with the PRTC peptide retention time trainer kit and analyzed using unbiased data-dependent acquisition (DDA) method. Initial characterization experiments using unbiased DDA facilitated the building of detailed murine cardiac tissue spectral library. The spectral library records contain the relative retention time information based on the standard peptides as well as highly confident endogenous peptides, precursor and product ion information such as measured mass values and relative abundance used to create a consensus product ion spectrum. The spectral library information was used to create reference information to perform qual/quan determination in real-time. The pSMART method was used to acquire qualitative/ quantitative data analysis using one HR/AM MS and a series of narrow DIA mass windows. Our pSMART strategy resulted in 30% more peptide identifications per run than a standard DDA run. Additionally, using pSMART, we were able to confirm MS1 quantitation at low abundance levels with MS/MS for each peptide. This novel acquisition enabled quantitation of previously identified peptides as well as novel putative targets of aging. By identifying and quantifying more targets, we were able to better characterize the dynamic proteomic changes of cardio-dysfunction in aging mice. B.10 Quantitative Site-Specific Profiling S-glutathionylation in Macrophages in Response to Engineered Nanomaterial-induced Oxidative Stress Jicheng Duan, Vamsi K. Kodali, Matthew J. Gaffrey, Jia Guo, Rosalie K. Chu, David G. Camp, Richard D. Smith, Brian Thrall, Wei-Jun Qian