Direct Broad-Range Detection of Alphaviruses in Mosquito Extracts

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-25

D.J., Robbins, D.W., Hannis , J.C., Harrell, P.M., Massire, C., Hall, T.A., Jiang, Y., Ranken, R., Drader, J.J., White, N., McNeil, J.A., Crooke, S.T...962. Hofstadler, S.A., Sampath, R., Blyn, L.B., Eshoo, M.W., Hall, T.A., Jiang, Y., Drader, J.J., Hannis , J.C., Sannes-Lowery, K.A., Cummins, L.L...H., Hannis , J., Harrell, P.M., Neuman, B., Buchmeier, M.J., Jiang, Y., Ranken, R., Drader, J., Samant, V., Griffey, R.H., McNeil, J.A., Crooke, S.T

Spectroscopic classification of SN 2018kv as a type Ia supernova

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jujia; Lu, Kaixing; Wang, Xiaofeng; Xu, Zhijian; Li, Wenxiong; Zhang, Tianmeng; Tan, Hanjie; Li, Zhitong; Song, Hao; University, Jun Mo (Tsinghua

2018-01-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (range 350-900 nm) of SN 2018kv, discovered by the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey, on UT 2018 Jan. 26.9 with the Li-Jiang 2.4 m telescope (LJT+YFOSC) at Li-Jiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories.

Spectroscopic Classification of SN 2017ixe as a Type Ia Supernova

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jujia; Yu, Xiaoguang; Wang, Xiaofeng

2017-12-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (range 340-900 nm) of SN 2017ixe (PSP17G), discovered by XOSS, on UT Dec. 15.7 2017 with the Li-Jiang 2.4 m telescope (LJT + YFOSC) at Li-Jiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories (YNAO).

Spectroscopic classification of SN 2018iq as a Type Ia Supernova

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jujia; Lu, Kaixing; Wang, Xiaofeng

2018-01-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (range 350-900 nm) of SN 2018iq (=AT2017jzx), discovered by Koichi Itagaki, on UT 2018 Jan. 20.7 with the Li-Jiang 2.4 m telescope (LJT+YFOSC) at Li-Jiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories.

Spectroscopic Classification of SN 2017ixg as a young Type Ia Supernova with detached HVF of Si II 6355

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jujia; Yu, Xiaoguang; Wang, Xiaofeng

2017-12-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (range 340-900 nm) of SN 2017ixg (ATLAS17nrq), discovered by ATLAS and TNTS, on UT Dec. 15.6 2017 with the Li-Jiang 2.4 m telescope (LJT + YFOSC) at Li-Jiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories (YNAO).

A secure and efficient chaotic map-based authenticated key agreement scheme for telecare medicine information systems.

PubMed

Mishra, Dheerendra; Srinivas, Jangirala; Mukhopadhyay, Sourav

2014-10-01

Advancement in network technology provides new ways to utilize telecare medicine information systems (TMIS) for patient care. Although TMIS usually faces various attacks as the services are provided over the public network. Recently, Jiang et al. proposed a chaotic map-based remote user authentication scheme for TMIS. Their scheme has the merits of low cost and session key agreement using Chaos theory. It enhances the security of the system by resisting various attacks. In this paper, we analyze the security of Jiang et al.'s scheme and demonstrate that their scheme is vulnerable to denial of service attack. Moreover, we demonstrate flaws in password change phase of their scheme. Further, our aim is to propose a new chaos map-based anonymous user authentication scheme for TMIS to overcome the weaknesses of Jiang et al.'s scheme, while also retaining the original merits of their scheme. We also show that our scheme is secure against various known attacks including the attacks found in Jiang et al.'s scheme. The proposed scheme is comparable in terms of the communication and computational overheads with Jiang et al.'s scheme and other related existing schemes. Moreover, we demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme through the BAN (Burrows, Abadi, and Needham) logic.

Scientific Evidence for Hydrostatic Shock

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Z, Jiang J, Bian, X, Savic J, Ultrastructural and Functional Characteristics of Blast Injury-Induced Neurotrauma, The Journal of Trauma, 50:695...706, 2001. 21. Cernak I, Wang, Z, Jiang J, Bian, X, Savic J, Cognitive deficits following blast injury- induced neurotrauma, Brain Injury, 15(7

Blast-Induced Moderate Neurotrauma (BINT) Elicits Early Complement Activation and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFalpha) Release in a Rat Brain

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-25

Jiang J, Bian X, Savic J. Cognitive deficits following blast injury- induced neurotrauma: possible involvement of nitric oxide. Brain Inj 2001;15: 593...612. [8] Cernak I, Wang Z, Jiang J, Bian X, Savic J. Ultrastructural and functional character- istics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma. J Trauma

Protective effects of a traditional Chinese herbal formula Jiang-Xian HuGan on Concanavalin A-induced mouse hepatitis via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.

PubMed

Tang, Huan-Huan; Li, Hai-Long; Li, Yue-Xuan; You, Yan; Guan, Yun-Yun; Zhang, Su-Lin; Liu, Li-Xin; Bao, Wei-Lian; Zhou, Yong; Shen, Xiao-Yan

2018-05-10

Jiang-Xian HuGan (JXHG) formulated by five natural products including Freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea), Curcuma longa L., Ligustrum lucidum, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. and Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has exhibited a great hepatoprotective effect. We investigated the effect of JXHG on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute live injury in mice, and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Jiangkanling Capsule (900 mg/kg), low-dose JXHG (LJXHG, 700 mg/kg), high-dose JXHG (HJXHG, 1400 mg/kg) were administered to mice by oral gavage daily for 20 days prior to a single intravenous injection of ConA (20 mg/kg). Liver injury was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of enzymes and cytokines as well as liver histological analysis. We also measured the hepatic expression of cytokines at mRNA levels and the proteins related to NF-κB and Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways. Our results showed that JXHG pretreatment significantly alleviated ConA-induced live injury as evidenced by decreased serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and mortality. Furthermore, JXHG was able to significantly reduce the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulate the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and up-regulate IL-10 as well as superoxide-dimutase-1 (SOD1), glutathione reductase (GSR) and Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) mRNA in the liver tissues after Con A injection. In addition, JXHG pretreatment dramatically suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (p65), increased Nrf2 expression, and decreased the expression ratio of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 in liver tissues. These results suggest that JXHG protects against ConA-induced acute live injury through inhibiting NF-κB mediated inflammatory pathway and promoting Nrf2 mediated anti-oxidative stress signaling pathway. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All

Chinese Vocational Education: Borrowing and Reforming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Lei; Jiang, Dayuan

2013-01-01

In July 2010 in Beijing, Lei Wang interviewed Professor Dayuan Jiang, Research Fellow at the Ministry of Education's Central Institute for Vocational and Technical Education about how China has drawn from foreign vocational education models and China's own innovation process. Jiang pointed out that Germany's educational philosophy and talent…

Teaching "Red Scarf Girl". A Facing History and Ourselves Study Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kanner, Elisabeth Fieldstone

2009-01-01

Ji-li Jiang's extraordinary memoir "Red Scarf Girl" transports readers to a tumultuous time in Chinese history--the first two years of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Caught between conflicting forces--joining the Revolution's call for rebellion, protecting her family, and fitting in with her peers--Jiang describes how her…

Cerebrovascular Injury Caused by a High Strain Rate Insult in the Thorax

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-17

AD693105 3. Cernak I. Penetrating and blast injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2005; 23 139-143 4. Cernak I, Wang Z, Jiang J, Bian X, Savic J. Ultrastructural...insult in the thorax 4 5. Cernak I, Wang Z, Jiang J, Bian X, Savic J. Cognitive deficits following blast-induced neurotrauma: possible

Spectroscopic classification of PTSS-18fdb (AT 2018cni) as a peculiar type Ia supernova before maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jujia; Tan, Hanjie; Li, Wenxiong; Li, Bin; Li, Zhitong; Wang, Xiaofeng; Xu, Zhijian; Zhao, Haibin; Wang, Lifan

2018-06-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (range 350-890 nm) of PTSS-18fdb (AT 2018cni), discovered by the PMO-Tsinghua Supernova Survey (PTSS, http://www.cneost.org/ptss/), on UT 2018 June 17.7 with the Li-Jiang 2.4 m telescope (LJT+YFOSC) at Li-Jiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories.

Spectroscopic classification of PTSS-18ecg (SN 2018bhb) as a type Ia supernova around maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jujia; Ding, Xu; Wang, Xiaofeng; Li, Wenxiong; Li, Bin; Xu, Zhijian; Tan, Hanjie; Zhao, Haibin; Wang, Lifan; Li, Zhitong

2018-05-01

We obtained an optical spectrum (range 350-890 nm) of PTSS-18ecg (SN 2018bhb), discovered by the PMO-Tsinghua Supernova Survey (PTSS, http://www.cneost.org/ptss/), on UT 2018 May 10.7 with the Li-Jiang 2.4 m telescope (LJT+YFOSC) at Li-Jiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories.

How L2 Words Are Stored: The Episodic L2 Hypothesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Witzel, Naoko Ouchi; Forster, Kenneth I.

2012-01-01

This article reports findings from 3 experiments examining whether 2nd language (L2) words are represented in episodic memory, as originally proposed by Jiang and Forster (2001). Experiment 1 was a direct replication of Jiang and Forster, testing highly proficient Chinese-English bilinguals. Masked translation priming was obtained in an episodic…

Vatuximab(Trademark): Optimizing Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer Based on Dynamic MR Tumor Oximetry

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

159: 621-631, 2003. 37. Bourke, V. A., Zhao, D., Gilio , J., Chang, C.-H., Jiang, L., Hahn, E. W., and Mason, R. P. Correlation of Radiation...Res. 1998; 150: 549–556. 10. Bourke VA, Zhao D, Gilio J, Chang C-H, Jiang L, Hahn EW, Mason RP. Correlation of radiation response with tumor oxygen

Improving the Cost Efficiency and Readiness of MC-130 Aircrew Training: A Case Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

51 Jiang, Changbing, "A reliable solver of Euclidean traveling salesman problems with Microsoft excel add-in tools for small-size systems...DisplayPage.aspx?DocType=Reference&ItemId=+++1 343364&Pubabbrev=JAWA 124 Jiang, Changbing, "A Reliable Solver of Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problems with...49 Figure 4.5 Training Resources Locations Traveling Salesperson Problem In order to participate in training, aircrews must fly to the

Transplantation of Reprogrammed Autologous Stem Cells for Chronic Pain and Drug Abuse

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Tingyu Qu 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail: tqu@uic.edu 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S...Unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT: This project is a Partnering PI option with Dr. Jianguo Cheng at CCF as Initiating PI and Dr. Tingyu Qu... Project Summary…………………………………………... 3-15 4. Key Research Accomplishments…………………………………… 15 5. Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 15 6. Publications

Water Activated Doping and Transport in Multilayered Germanane Crystals

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-21

Justin Young, Basant Chitara , Nicholas Cultrara , Maxx Q Arguilla , Shishi Jiang, Fan Fan , Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Joshua E Goldberger 611102 c...Crystals Justin R Young1, Basant Chitara2, Nicholas D Cultrara2, Maxx Q Arguilla2, Shishi Jiang2, Fan Fan2 Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin1, Joshua E...Optoelectronics ACS Nano 7 5660-5 [9] Zhang Y, Tan Y-W, Stormer H L and Kim P 2005 Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase in

The Role of Tumor Metastases Suppressor Gene, Drg-1, in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

the bone of nude mice. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:1200–10. 42. Arah IN, Song K, Seth P, Cowan KH, Sinha BK. Role of wild-type p53 in the enhancement of...124. Parr C, G. Watkins , M. Boulton, J. Cai & W. G. Jiang: Placenta growth factor is over-expressed and has prognostic value in human breast cancer...prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 63, 100-105 (1995) 143. Martin T. A, A. Goyal, G. Watkins & W. G. Jiang: Expression of the transcription factors snail

Computational Study of Chalcopyrite Semiconductors and Their Non-Linear Optical Properties

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-12

34 Xiaoshu Jiang, M. S. Miao , and Walter R. Lambrecht, Phys. Rev. B 71, 205212 (2005). 4. "Structure and phonons of ZnGeN 2 ," Walter R. Lambrecht, Erik All...dredge, and Kwiseon Kim Phys. Rev. B 72, 155202 (2005) 5. "Theoretical study of the phosphorus vacancy in ZnGeP 2 ," Xiaoshu Jiang, M. S. Miao , and...Rocksalt Phase Transitions," M. S. Miao and Walter R. Lambrecht, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 225501 (2005) 1 20070925383 b. Manuscripts submitted to peer

Spent Nuclear Fuel Transport Reliability Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jy-An John; Wang, Hong; Jiang, Hao

This conference paper was orignated and shorten from the following publisehd PTS documents: 1. Jy-An Wang, Hao Jiang, and Hong Wang, Dynamic Deformation Simulation of Spent Nuclear Fuel Assembly and CIRFT Deformation Sensor Stability Investigation, ORNL/SPR-2015/662, November 2015. 2. Jy-An Wang, Hong Wang, Mechanical Fatigue Testing of High-Burnup Fuel for Transportation Applications, NUREG/CR-7198, ORNL/TM-2014/214, May 2015. 3. Jy-An Wang, Hong Wang, Hao Jiang, Yong Yan, Bruce Bevard, Spent Nuclear Fuel Vibration Integrity Study 16332, WM2016 Conference, March 6 10, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona.

Exponential Stability of Almost Periodic Solutions for Memristor-Based Neural Networks with Distributed Leakage Delays.

PubMed

Xu, Changjin; Li, Peiluan; Pang, Yicheng

2016-12-01

In this letter, we deal with a class of memristor-based neural networks with distributed leakage delays. By applying a new Lyapunov function method, we obtain some sufficient conditions that ensure the existence, uniqueness, and global exponential stability of almost periodic solutions of neural networks. We apply the results of this solution to prove the existence and stability of periodic solutions for this delayed neural network with periodic coefficients. We then provide an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Our results are completely new and complement the previous studies Chen, Zeng, and Jiang ( 2014 ) and Jiang, Zeng, and Chen ( 2015 ).

RETRACTED: Relationship between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T1DN susceptibility/risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population.

PubMed

Zhou, Tian-Biao; Guo, Xue-Feng; Jiang, Zongpei; Li, Hong-Yan

2015-12-01

The following article has been included in a multiple retraction: Tian-Biao Zhou, Xue-Feng Guo, Zongpei Jiang, and Hong-Yan Li Relationship between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T1DN susceptibility/risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563425, first published on February 1, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563425 This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and the Publisher. After conducting a thorough investigation, SAGE found that the submitting authors of a number of papers published in the Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System ( JRAAS) (listed below) had supplied fabricated contact details for their nominated reviewers. The Editors accepted these papers based on the reports supplied by the individuals using these fake reviewer email accounts. After concluding that the peer review process was therefore seriously compromised, SAGE and the journal Editors have decided to retract all affected articles. Online First articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Wenzhuang Tang, Tian-Biao Zhou, and Zongpei Jiang Association of the angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism with risk of diabetes mellitus developing into diabetic nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563426, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563426 Tian-Biao Zhou, Hong-Yan Li, Zong-Pei Jiang, Jia-Fan Zhou, Miao-Fang Huang, and Zhi-Yang Zhou Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in radiation nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563424, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563424 Weiqiang Zhong, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566019, first published on January

RETRACTED: Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population.

PubMed

Zhong, Weiqiang; Jiang, Zongpei; Zhou, Tian-Biao

2015-12-01

This article has been included in a multiple retraction: Weiqiang Zhong, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566019, first published on January 26, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314566019 This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and the Publisher. After conducting a thorough investigation, SAGE found that the submitting authors of a number of papers published in the Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System ( JRAAS) (listed below) had supplied fabricated contact details for their nominated reviewers. The Editors accepted these papers based on the reports supplied by the individuals using these fake reviewer email accounts. After concluding that the peer review process was therefore seriously compromised, SAGE and the journal Editors have decided to retract all affected articles. Online First articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Wenzhuang Tang, Tian-Biao Zhou, and Zongpei Jiang Association of the angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism with risk of diabetes mellitus developing into diabetic nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563426, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563426 Tian-Biao Zhou, Hong-Yan Li, Zong-Pei Jiang, Jia-Fan Zhou, Miao-Fang Huang, and Zhi-Yang Zhou Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in radiation nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563424, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563424 Weiqiang Zhong, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566019, first published on January 26, 2015 doi: 10

Security analysis and improvement of a privacy authentication scheme for telecare medical information systems.

PubMed

Wu, Fan; Xu, Lili

2013-08-01

Nowadays, patients can gain many kinds of medical service on line via Telecare Medical Information Systems(TMIS) due to the fast development of computer technology. So security of communication through network between the users and the server is very significant. Authentication plays an important part to protect information from being attacked by malicious attackers. Recently, Jiang et al. proposed a privacy enhanced scheme for TMIS using smart cards and claimed their scheme was better than Chen et al.'s. However, we have showed that Jiang et al.'s scheme has the weakness of ID uselessness and is vulnerable to off-line password guessing attack and user impersonation attack if an attacker compromises the legal user's smart card. Also, it can't resist DoS attack in two cases: after a successful impersonation attack and wrong password input in Password change phase. Then we propose an improved mutual authentication scheme used for a telecare medical information system. Remote monitoring, checking patients' past medical history record and medical consultant can be applied in the system where information transmits via Internet. Finally, our analysis indicates that the suggested scheme overcomes the disadvantages of Jiang et al.'s scheme and is practical for TMIS.

Southeastern U.S.A. Continental Shelf Respiratory Rates Revisited

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheldon, Joan E.; Griffith, Peter C.; Peters Francesc; Sheldon, Wade M., Jr.; Blanton, Jackson O.; Amft, Julie; Pomeroy, Lawrence R.

2010-01-01

Respiratory rates on the U. S. southeastern continental shelf have been estimated several times by different investigators, most recently by Jiang et al. (Biogeochemistry 98:101-113, 2010) who report lower mean rates thanwere found in earlier work and attribute the differences to analytical error in all methods used in earlier studies. The differences are, instead, attributable to the differences in the geographical scope of the studies. The lower estimates of regional organic carbon flux of Jiang et al. (Biogeochemistry 98:101-113, 2010) are a consequence of their extrapolation of data from a small portion of the shelf to the entire South Atlantic Bight. This comment examines the methodologies used as well as the variability of respiratory rates in this region over space and time.

General Methodology Combining Engineering Optimization of Primary HVAC and R Plants with Decision Analysis Methods--Part II: Uncertainty and Decision Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Wei; Reddy, T. A.; Gurian, Patrick

2007-01-31

A companion paper to Jiang and Reddy that presents a general and computationally efficient methodology for dyanmic scheduling and optimal control of complex primary HVAC&R plants using a deterministic engineering optimization approach.

Facilitating telecommuting : exploring the role of telecommuting intensity and differences between telecommuters and non-telecommuters.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

Walls, Safirova and Jiang (2007) note the paucity of studies that examine telecommuting among individuals across organizations and studies that compare telecommuters with non-telecommuters. This study responds to this call by gaining a deeper underst...

An Integrated Architecture for Automatic Indication, Avoidance and Profiling of Kernel Rootkit Attacks

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-20

ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER . Laf yette, IN 47907 North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 ...North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695 Phone: (919) 513-7835 Email: jiang@cs.ncsu.edu 1. Project Summary

Characterization and simultaneous quantification of biological aporphine alkaloids in Litsea cubeba by HPLC with hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry and HPLC with diode array detection.

PubMed

Zhang, Shuiying; Zhang, Qian; Guo, Qiang; Zhao, Yunfang; Gao, Xiaoli; Chai, Xingyun; Tu, Pengfei

2015-08-01

The root and rhizome of Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers., named 'Dou-chi-jiang' in Chinese, has been traditionally used for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, rheumatic arthralgia, and other diseases in China. Aporphine alkaloids are its characteristic ingredients and responsible for its bioactivities, especially anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. A sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for characterization and simultaneous determination of biological aporphine alkaloids in 'Dou-chi-jiang'. The optimized chromatographic conditions were performed on an Eclipse XDB C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% formic acid as the mass spectrometry mobile phase and acetonitrile/water containing 0.2% diethylamine (pH 3.10, adjusted by acetic acid) as the liquid chromatography mobile phase. The fragmentation pathways by loss of CO, ·CH3 , ·NH3 , and ·NH2 CH3 were detected as characteristic for aporphine alkaloids. Based on these characteristics, total 12 analogues were identified. The quantification method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy for six major aporphine alkaloids, which was successfully applied for simultaneous determination in ten batches of samples. The established method is simple, rapid, and specific for characterization and quantitation of aporphine alkaloids in 'Dou-chi-jiang' and other traditional Chinese medicines rich in this kind of ingredient. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A secure chaotic maps and smart cards based password authentication and key agreement scheme with user anonymity for telecare medicine information systems.

PubMed

Li, Chun-Ta; Lee, Cheng-Chi; Weng, Chi-Yao

2014-09-01

Telecare medicine information system (TMIS) is widely used for providing a convenient and efficient communicating platform between patients at home and physicians at medical centers or home health care (HHC) organizations. To ensure patient privacy, in 2013, Hao et al. proposed a chaotic map based authentication scheme with user anonymity for TMIS. Later, Lee showed that Hao et al.'s scheme is in no provision for providing fairness in session key establishment and gave an efficient user authentication and key agreement scheme using smart cards, in which only few hashing and Chebyshev chaotic map operations are required. In addition, Jiang et al. discussed that Hao et al.'s scheme can not resist stolen smart card attack and they further presented an improved scheme which attempts to repair the security pitfalls found in Hao et al.'s scheme. In this paper, we found that both Lee's and Jiang et al.'s authentication schemes have a serious security problem in that a registered user's secret parameters may be intentionally exposed to many non-registered users and this problem causing the service misuse attack. Therefore, we propose a slight modification on Lee's scheme to prevent the shortcomings. Compared with previous schemes, our improved scheme not only inherits the advantages of Lee's and Jiang et al.'s authentication schemes for TMIS but also remedies the serious security weakness of not being able to withstand service misuse attack.

Modulation of Stat3 Alternative Splicing in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

using morpholino oligonucleotides covalently linked to an octaguanidine dendrimer (vivo- morpholinos) [54]. Since delivery of vivo-morpholino oligos...Li, and S. Jiang, Vivo-Morpholinos: a non-peptide transporter delivers Morpholinos into a wide array of mouse tissues. Biotechniques, 2008. 45(6

RETRACTED: Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with sepsis susceptibility and sepsis progression.

PubMed

Yang, Chun-Hua; Zhou, Tian-Biao

2015-12-01

This article has been included in a multiple retraction: Chun-Hua Yang and Tian-Biao Zhou Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with sepsis susceptibility and sepsis progression Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314568521, first published on February 3, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314568521 This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors and the Publisher. After conducting a thorough investigation, SAGE found that the submitting authors of a number of papers published in the Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System ( JRAAS) (listed below) had supplied fabricated contact details for their nominated reviewers. The Editors accepted these papers based on the reports supplied by the individuals using these fake reviewer email accounts. After concluding that the peer review process was therefore seriously compromised, SAGE and the journal Editors have decided to retract all affected articles. Online First articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Wenzhuang Tang, Tian-Biao Zhou, and Zongpei Jiang Association of the angiotensinogen M235T gene polymorphism with risk of diabetes mellitus developing into diabetic nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563426, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563426 Tian-Biao Zhou, Hong-Yan Li, Zong-Pei Jiang, Jia-Fan Zhou, Miao-Fang Huang, and Zhi-Yang Zhou Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in radiation nephropathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314563424, first published on December 18, 2014 doi: 10.1177/1470320314563424 Weiqiang Zhong, Zongpei Jiang, and Tian-Biao Zhou Association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and T2DN susceptibility: The risk of T2DM developing into T2DN in the Asian population Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 1470320314566019, first published on January 26, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1470320314566019 Tian-Biao Zhou, Xue-Feng Guo, Zongpei

Dissolved molybdenum and uranium in the Three Rivers of eastern Tibet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noh, H.; Huh, Y.

2006-12-01

Three large rivers - the Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Mekong (Lancang Jiang) and Salween (Nu Jiang) - originate in eastern Tibet and run in close parallel over 300 km near the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. They flow across suture zones and faults generated by the collision of India and Eurasia. Sixty-five water samples were collected in summer of 1999 to 2004 and nine in winter of 2002 to 2003. The complex geologic makeup of the Three Rivers region (TRR) results in widely varying major and trace element compositions of the dissolved load. Two redox-sensitive elements, molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U) were analyzed by ICP-MS, as potential proxies for weathering of sedimentary organic carbon and resultant generation of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Additionally, Mo constitutes an essential co-enzyme for biology. Mo concentration ranges from 0.76 to 21.3 nmol/kg (average: 6.24 nmol/kg, average of global rivers: ~5 nmol/kg (Martin and Meybeck, 1979)), and U concentration varies from 2.86 to 10.7 nmol/kg (average: 3.12 nmol/kg, average of global rivers: ~1 nmol/kg (Palmer and Edmond, 1993)). The highest values of Mo and U are observed in the headwater tributary sample of the Chang Jiang, where evaporite dissolution is dominant. Statistical analyses show that Mo is closely correlated with U (r = 0.713, p < 0.01) indicating similar source of Mo and U to river waters in the TRR. Inverse correlation with Si/total anions ratio suggests that their sources are non-silicate minerals. The correlation with sulfate supports the use Mo and U as proxies for weathering of reduced organic-rich sediments (Mo and SO4: r = 0.383, p < 0.01; U and SO4: r = 0.508, p < 0.01). Among the parameters tested (basin area, elevation, relief, slope, T, precipitation, potential-evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population density), best positive correlation (r>0.5) is shown between U and basin elevation, and negative correlation is shown between U and temperature, precipitation

Publisher Correction: A Co3O4-CDots-C3N4 three component electrocatalyst design concept for efficient and tunable CO2 reduction to syngas.

PubMed

Guo, Sijie; Zhao, Siqi; Wu, Xiuqin; Li, Hao; Zhou, Yunjie; Zhu, Cheng; Yang, Nianjun; Jiang, Xin; Gao, Jin; Bai, Liang; Liu, Yang; Lifshitz, Yeshayahu; Lee, Shuit-Tong; Kang, Zhenhui

2018-02-08

The original HTML version of this Article omitted to list Yeshayahu Lifshitz as a corresponding author and incorrectly listed Shuit-Tong Lee as a corresponding author.Correspondingly, the original PDF version of this Article incorrectly stated that "Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.J. (email: xin.jiang@uni-siegen.de), or to Y.L. (email: yangl@suda.edu.cn), or to S.-T.L. (email: shayli@technion.ac.il), or to Z.K. (email: zhkang@suda.edu.cn)", instead of the correct "Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.J. (email: xin.jiang@uni-siegen.de), or to Y. Liu (email: yangl@suda.edu.cn), or to Y. Lifshitz (email: shayli@technion.ac.il), or to Z.K. (email: zhkang@suda.edu.cn)".This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Scalable Algorithms for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation Systems in Multicore Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

consolidated at the sender side. At the receiver side, the messages are deconsolidated and delivered to the appropriate thread. This approach bears some...Jiang, S. Kini, W. Yu, D. Buntinas, P. Wyckoff, and D. Panda . Performance comparison of mpi implementations over infiniband, myrinet and quadrics

The Lexical Breadth of Undergraduate Novice Level Writing Competency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douglas, Scott Roy

2013-01-01

This study builds on previous work exploring reading and listening lexical thresholds (Nation, 2006; Laufer & Ravenhorst-Kalovski, 2010; Schmitt, Jiang, & Grabe, 2011) in order to investigate productive vocabulary targets that mark successful entry-level undergraduate writing. Papers that passed the Effective Writing Test (EWT) were chosen…

Islands and Bridges: Making Sense of Marked Nodes in Large Graphs

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

time-evolving graphs. References [1] Nouf M. Kh. Alsudairy, Vijay V. Raghavan, Alaaeldin M. Hafez, and Hassan I Mathkour. Connection subgraphs: A survey...Riedy, David A. Bader, Karl Jiang, Pushkar Pande, , and Richa Sharma . Detecting communities from given seeds in social networks. Technical Report GT-CSE

Contextual Cueing in Multiconjunction Visual Search Is Dependent on Color- and Configuration-Based Intertrial Contingencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geyer, Thomas; Shi, Zhuanghua; Muller, Hermann J.

2010-01-01

Three experiments examined memory-based guidance of visual search using a modified version of the contextual-cueing paradigm (Jiang & Chun, 2001). The target, if present, was a conjunction of color and orientation, with target (and distractor) features randomly varying across trials (multiconjunction search). Under these conditions, reaction times…

76 FR 12325 - Small Diameter Graphite Electrodes From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... Group). 26 Haimen Shuguang Carbon Industry Co., Ltd. 27 Handan Hanbo Material Co., Ltd. 28 Hebei Long Great Wall Electrode Co., Ltd. (aka Chang Cheng Chang Electrode Co., Ltd. and Laishui Long Great Wall... Inner Mongolia Xinghe County Hongyuan Electrical Carbon Factory. 35 Jiang Long Carbon. 36 Jiangsu Yafei...

Islands and Bridges: Making Sense of Marked Nodes in Large Graphs

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

our methods to heterogeneous and time-evolving graphs. References [1] Nouf M. Kh. Alsudairy, Vijay V. Raghavan, Alaaeldin M. Hafez, and Hassan I...multi-relational graphs. SIGKDD Explor., 7(2):56–63, 2005. [24] Jason Riedy, David A. Bader, Karl Jiang, Pushkar Pande, , and Richa Sharma . Detecting

The Attentional Boost Effect with Verbal Materials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulligan, Neil W.; Spataro, Pietro; Picklesimer, Milton

2014-01-01

Study stimuli presented at the same time as unrelated targets in a detection task are better remembered than stimuli presented with distractors. This attentional boost effect (ABE) has been found with pictorial (Swallow & Jiang, 2010) and more recently verbal materials (Spataro, Mulligan, & Rossi-Arnaud, 2013). The present experiments…

Material for "Substrate temperature controls molecular orientation in two-component vapor- deposited glasses." Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 3265.

DOE Data Explorer

Jiang, Jing [Nanjing University; Walters, Diane M [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Zhou, Dongshan [Nanjing University; Ediger, Mark D [University of Wisconsin-Madison

2016-08-18

Data set for work presented in Jiang, J.; Walters, D. M.; Zhou, D.; Ediger, M. D. “Substrate Temperature Controls Molecular Orientation in Two -Component Vapor-deposited Glasses.” Soft Matt. 2016, 12, 3265. Includes all data presented in the manuscript as well as example raw data and analysis.

AMULET: A MUlti-cLuE Approach to Image Forensics

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-31

celebrities have been substituted in the other two pictures. 3.2.5 Choice of reliability properties Let us now apply the BBA mapping approach proposed in...Jiang, and L. Ma, “Ds evidence theory based digital image trustworthiness evaluation model,” in MINES 2009, International Conference on Multimedia

TU-E-TOUR-I-00: Exhibit Hall Guided Tours-Dosimters for QC in Diagnostic Imaging (Tuesday)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

Tour Leader: Xia Jiang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Tour Guides: Xia Jiang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Kevin Little, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Christina Sammet, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL Participating Vendors: IBA PTW - New York Radcal Corporation RTI Electronics, Inc. Exhibit Hall Guided Tours is a new program launching this year at the Annual Meeting. The Guided Tours are designed to enhance the interaction between meeting attendees and exhibitors. This year’s Imaging Guided Tours are organized around the theme of dosimeters for quality control in diagnostic imaging. Tours will begin with an introductionmore » and background given by Dr. Xia Jiang, the Tour Leader. The introduction will cover the types and properties of different radiation dosimeters used for quality assurance in clinical radiology. Attendees will then break into smaller groups, each lead by an AAPM-member Tour Guide. The tour groups will visit the exhibit booths of vendors who provide appropriate dosimeters, and a vendor representative will give a presentation to the group about their particular product(s). The vendor representatives as well as the Tour Guides will be available to answer questions. Outline: Types and properties of radiation detectors and dosimeters Ionization chamber dosimeters Solid state dosimeters Dosimeter calibration: Primary and secondary standards dosimetry laboratories Instruments for measuring tube voltage and exposure time Vendor presentations will likely cover features and innovations of different dosimeter systems, as well as their practical use. Learning Objectives: Understand the types and properties of different instrumentations used for quality control in diagnostic imaging. Understand the process of dosimeter calibration. Gain familiarity with the latest commercial dosimeter systems from different vendors.« less

WE-C-TOUR-I-00: Exhibit Hall Guided Tours-Dosimters for QC in Diagnostic Imaging (Wednesday)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

Tour Leader: Xia Jiang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Tour Guides: Xia Jiang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Kevin Little, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Adrien Sanchez, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Participating Vendors: IBA PTW - New York Radcal Corporation RTI Electronics, Inc. Exhibit Hall Guided Tours is a new program launching this year at the Annual Meeting. The Guided Tours are designed to enhance the interaction between meeting attendees and exhibitors. This year’s Imaging Guided Tours are organized around the theme of dosimeters for quality control in diagnostic imaging. Tours will begin with an introduction and backgroundmore » given by Dr. Xia Jiang, the Tour Leader. The introduction will cover the types and properties of different radiation dosimeters used for quality assurance in clinical radiology. Attendees will then break into smaller groups, each lead by an AAPM-member Tour Guide. The tour groups will visit the exhibit booths of vendors who provide appropriate dosimeters, and a vendor representative will give a presentation to the group about their particular product(s). The vendor representatives as well as the Tour Guides will be available to answer questions. Outline: Types and properties of radiation detectors and dosimeters Ionization chamber dosimeters Solid state dosimeters Dosimeter calibration: Primary and secondary standards dosimetry laboratories Instruments for measuring tube voltage and exposure time Vendor presentations will likely cover features and innovations of different dosimeter systems, as well as their practical use. Learning Objectives: Understand the types and properties of different instrumentations used for quality control in diagnostic imaging. Understand the process of dosimeter calibration. Gain familiarity with the latest commercial dosimeter systems from different vendors.« less

WE-C-TOUR-I-01: Dosimters for QC in Diagnostic Imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, X.

Tour Leader: Xia Jiang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Tour Guides: Xia Jiang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Kevin Little, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Adrien Sanchez, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Participating Vendors: IBA PTW - New York Radcal Corporation RTI Electronics, Inc. Exhibit Hall Guided Tours is a new program launching this year at the Annual Meeting. The Guided Tours are designed to enhance the interaction between meeting attendees and exhibitors. This year’s Imaging Guided Tours are organized around the theme of dosimeters for quality control in diagnostic imaging. Tours will begin with an introduction and backgroundmore » given by Dr. Xia Jiang, the Tour Leader. The introduction will cover the types and properties of different radiation dosimeters used for quality assurance in clinical radiology. Attendees will then break into smaller groups, each lead by an AAPM-member Tour Guide. The tour groups will visit the exhibit booths of vendors who provide appropriate dosimeters, and a vendor representative will give a presentation to the group about their particular product(s). The vendor representatives as well as the Tour Guides will be available to answer questions. Outline: Types and properties of radiation detectors and dosimeters Ionization chamber dosimeters Solid state dosimeters Dosimeter calibration: Primary and secondary standards dosimetry laboratories Instruments for measuring tube voltage and exposure time Vendor presentations will likely cover features and innovations of different dosimeter systems, as well as their practical use. Learning Objectives: Understand the types and properties of different instrumentations used for quality control in diagnostic imaging. Understand the process of dosimeter calibration. Gain familiarity with the latest commercial dosimeter systems from different vendors.« less

Implicit Learning of Local Context in Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kourkoulou, Anastasia; Leekam, Susan R.; Findlay, John M.

2012-01-01

Although previous research has reported impairments in implicit learning in individuals with ASD, research using one implicit learning paradigm, the contextual cueing task (Chun and Jiang in Cognitive Psychol 36:28-71, 1998), shows evidence of intact ability to integrate spatial contextual information. Using an adaptation of this paradigm, we…

A Putative Gene sbe3-rs for Resistant Starch Mutated from SBE3 for Starch Branching Enzyme in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Foods high in resistant starch (RS) are beneficial to prevent various diseases including diabetes, colon cancer, diarrhea and chronic renal or hepatic diseases. Elevated RS in rice is important for public health since rice is a staple food for half of the world’s population. A japonica mutant ‘Jiang...

Spreading Our Wings: International Education as Journeys of Enriched Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Karen K.; Yao, Yuankun; Buchanan-Butterfield, Dawna Lisa; Powell-Brown, Ann

2013-01-01

In the 21st century, the impact of globalization has increased the importance of the internationalization of education (Jiang, 2010; Lam, 2010). Because it is imperative for the success of their graduates, colleges are encouraged to offer international educational experiences to gain a competitive edge over other institutions of higher learning…

Energy Systems Integration News | Energy Systems Integration Facility |

Science.gov Websites

school. Andreas Schmitt spent hours this summer estimating grid voltage-under conditions when minimal Jiang of the State Grid Energy Research Institute in Beijing, China, to produce a review article that . The article, "Grid-Level Application of Electrical Energy Storage: Example Use Cases in the

L2 Chinese: Grammatical Development and Processing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mai, Ziyin

2016-01-01

Two recent books (Jiang, 2014, "Advances in Chinese as a second language"; Wang, 2013, "Grammatical development of Chinese among non-native speakers") provide new resources for exploring the role of processing in acquiring Chinese as a second language (L2). This review article summarizes, assesses and compares some of the…

Potential Role of CD68 in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

research 2006, 131(2):267-275. 32. Hanavadi S, Martin TA, Watkins G, Mansel RE, Jiang WG: Expression of interleukin 11 and its receptor and their...prognostic value in human breast cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 2006, 13(6):802-808. 33. Gupta J, Robbins J, Jilling T, Seth P: TGFbeta-dependent

Roles of ER, SRC-1, and CBP Phosphorylation in Estrogen Receptor-Regulated Gene Expression

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-06-01

J. S. Sutcliff, P. Fang, R. J. Galjaard, Y. H. Jiang, C. S. localization of three repair genes: the xeroderma pigmentosum group C gene Benton, J. M...receptor-mediated scription efficiency, a central DNA-binding domain, which me- transcription; SRC-1, p300/CBP, and RAC3/ACTR/AIB1 pos - diates receptor

Transfer-Free Batch Fabrication of Large-Area Suspended Graphene Membranes

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z.; Klima, M.; Fudenberg, G.; Hone, J.; Kim, P.; Stormer , H. L. Ultrahigh Electron Mobility in Suspended Graphene. Solid State...Commun. 2008, 146, 351–355. 14. Bolotin, K. I.; Ghahari, F.; Shulman, M. D.; Stormer , H. L.; Kim, P. Observation of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in

The Voice of Feedback: A Study of Asynchronous Audio Communication in the Online Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson Van Den Elzen, Jolene M.

2011-01-01

The interaction between learners and the instructor in an online learning environment has been shown to contribute to increases in learning through promotion of a cooperative and collaborative environment, which allows students to learn from course materials, the instructor, and each other (Jiang & Ting, 2000; Jung et al., 2002; Kollock, 1998;…

A new lead to NLRP3 inhibition

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The discovery of a small molecule inhibitor that targets the inflammasome sensor NLRP3 offers a new path for the development of selective inflammasome blockers with potential therapeutic benefit in a wide range of human diseases (in this issue, see Jiang et al., https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171419). PMID:29061692

The Quest for World Class Universities in China: Critical Reflections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngok, Kinglun; Guo, Weiqing

2008-01-01

Building world-class universities has become a national policy priority in China since then-President Jiang Zemin announced in May 1998 that China must have several world-class universities of international advanced level. This article aims to offer critical reflections on the policy in relation to building world-class universities in China. It…

Robust SERS Enhancement Factor Statistics Using Rotational Correlation Spectroscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-02

Polymer coatings quench the reaction , preventing further aggregation when a Raman active molecule is added. (B) The bulk Raman spectrum of MBA in...Schrof, W. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 3673. (12) Jiang, J.; Bosnick, K.; Maillard , M.; Brus, L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 9964. (13) Talley, C. E

In situ Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Formation of Graphene from Urea and Graphite Oxide

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

pp. 075404, Aug., 2006. [5] K. S. Novoselov, Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. Morozov, H. Stormer , U. Zeitler, J. Maan, G. Boebinger, P. Kim, and A. Geim...Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene.” Science, vol. 315, no. 5817, pp. 1379, Mar., 2007. [6] Y. Zhang, Y. W. Tan, H. L. Stormer , and

A new lead to NLRP3 inhibition.

PubMed

Lamkanfi, Mohamed; Dixit, Vishva M

2017-11-06

The discovery of a small molecule inhibitor that targets the inflammasome sensor NLRP3 offers a new path for the development of selective inflammasome blockers with potential therapeutic benefit in a wide range of human diseases (in this issue, see Jiang et al., https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171419). © 2017 Lamkanfi and Dixit.

Exploring and Listening to Chinese Classical Ensembles in General Music

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Wenzhuo

2017-01-01

Music diversity is valued in theory, but the extent to which it is efficiently presented in music class remains limited. Within this article, I aim to bridge this gap by introducing four genres of Chinese classical ensembles--Qin and Xiao duets, Jiang Nan bamboo and silk ensembles, Cantonese ensembles, and contemporary Chinese orchestras--into the…

On the limits of statistical learning: Intertrial contextual cueing is confined to temporally close contingencies.

PubMed

Thomas, Cyril; Didierjean, André; Maquestiaux, François; Goujon, Annabelle

2018-04-12

Since the seminal study by Chun and Jiang (Cognitive Psychology, 36, 28-71, 1998), a large body of research based on the contextual-cueing paradigm has shown that the cognitive system is capable of extracting statistical contingencies from visual environments. Most of these studies have focused on how individuals learn regularities found within an intratrial temporal window: A context predicts the target position within a given trial. However, Ono, Jiang, and Kawahara (Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31, 703-712, 2005) provided evidence of an intertrial implicit-learning effect when a distractor configuration in preceding trials N - 1 predicted the target location in trials N. The aim of the present study was to gain further insight into this effect by examining whether it occurs when predictive relationships are impeded by interfering task-relevant noise (Experiments 2 and 3) or by a long delay (Experiments 1, 4, and 5). Our results replicated the intertrial contextual-cueing effect, which occurred in the condition of temporally close contingencies. However, there was no evidence of integration across long-range spatiotemporal contingencies, suggesting a temporal limitation of statistical learning.

Composition and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Kernel Oil from Torreya grandis, Carya Cathayensis, and Myrica Rubra

PubMed Central

Ni, Liang; Shi, Wei-Yong

2014-01-01

In this study, we measured the composition and free radical scavenging activity of several species of nuts, namely, Torreya grandis, Carya cathayensis, and Myrica rubra. The nut kernels of the aforementioned species are rich in fatty acids, particularly in unsaturated fatty acids, and have 51% oil content. T. grandis and C. cathayensis are mostly produced in ZheJiang province. The trace elements in the kernels of T. grandis and C. cathayensis were generally higher than those in M. rubra, except for Fe with a value of 64.41 mg/Kg. T. grandis is rich in selenium (52.91−68.71 mg/Kg). All three kernel oils have a certain free radical scavenging capacity, with the highest value in M. rubra. In the DPPH assay, the IC50 of M. rubra kernel oil was 60 μg/mL, and OH was 100 μg/mL. The results of this study provide basic data for the future development of the edible nut resources in ZheJiang province. PMID:24734074

Thin Film Magnetless Faraday Rotators for Compact Heterogeneous Integrated Optical Isolators (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-15

film garnet materials with zero birefringence for magneto-optic waveguide devices,” J. Appl. Phys. 63, 3099–3103 ( 1988 ). 5R. Wolfe, R. A. Lieberman, V...Approved for public release (PA): distribution unlimited. 11L. Bi, J. Hu, P. Jiang, D. H. Kim, G. F. Dionne, L. C. Kimerling, and C. A. Ross , “On-chip

Neural Control of Rising and Falling Tones in Mandarin Speakers Who Stutter

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Peter; Jiang, Jing; Peng, Danling; Lu, Chunming

2012-01-01

Neural control of rising and falling tones in Mandarin people who stutter (PWS) was examined by comparing with that which occurs in fluent speakers [Howell, Jiang, Peng, and Lu (2012). Neural control of fundamental frequency rise and fall in Mandarin tones. "Brain and Language, 121"(1), 35-46]. Nine PWS and nine controls were scanned. Functional…

Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy Studies of Semiconductor Heterostructures

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-14

AGENCY NAME(S) AND AODOAVSS(E) IL. s9oN5ISMONOOUU AFOSR/NE AGOK 4gkT NUSeA 110 Duncan Avenue Suite B115 Bolling AFB DC 20332-0001 Howard Schlossberg...Quantum Well Laser," Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (QELS󈨡). Min Jiang, ttailin Wang, Roberto Merlin, D.G. Steel, "Nonlinear

Asymmetry in Object Substitution Masking Occurs Relative to the Direction of Spatial Attention Shift

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hirose, Nobuyuki; Osaka, Naoyuki

2010-01-01

A sparse mask that persists beyond the duration of a target can reduce its visibility, a phenomenon called "object substitution masking". Y. Jiang and M. M. Chun (2001a) found an asymmetric pattern of substitution masking such that a mask on the peripheral side of the target caused stronger substitution masking than on the central side.…

Exploring and Exploiting the Protein S100A7 as a New Target for Breast Cancer Therapy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Proteomics of human breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Research 62, 6740–6749. 2. Jiang, W. G., Watkins , G., Douglas-Jones, A., and Mansel, R. E...negative invasive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 9: 2627–2631. Enerbäck C, Porter DA, Seth P, Sgroi D, Gaudet J, Weremowicz S et al. (2002). Psoriasin

Flexible SERS Substrates: Challenges and Opportunities

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-28

interactions between the analyte, silver nanoparticles , and a salt. This system has also been applied to detection of trace antibiotics for food safety...Cleanable SERS Substrates Based on Silver Nanoparticle Decorated Electrospun Nano-fibrous Membranes Chaoyang Jiang Porous electrospun nanofibrous...present our recent work on the preparation, characterization, and SERS activity of silver nanoparticle decorated polymeric electrospun nanofibers

Electron Transport in Graphene From a Diffusion-Drift Perspective

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-24

Tung, M.E. Schwartz, M. Takita, Y.-J. Wang, P. Kim, and H.L. Stormer , “Cyclotron resonance in bilayer graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 087403 (2008...Dec. 2004. [3] K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer , “Ultrahigh electron mobility in

Colloquium: Quantum Networks with Trapped Ions

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-28

observed be- tween two ions held in the same trap Eichmann et al., 1993; DeVoe and Brewer, 1996. Type-II links have the advantage of being less sensitive...Childress, E. Jiang, J. Togan, J. Maze, F. Jelezko, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin, 2007, Science 316, 1312. Eichmann , U., J. C. Bergquist

A Study of Refusal Speech Act in Chinese Dating Programs--Take "If You Are the One" as an Example

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Yiwen

2015-01-01

Looking at the development of China dating programs, "If You Are The One" in Jiang Su satellite TV is the heated program drawing much attention from the public. There are some papers focusing on the dialogue in the program from the perspective of linguistic features or pragmatic function, but there are few papers on the refusal speech…

15 CFR Supplement No. 7 to Part 748 - Authorization Validated End-User (VEU): List of Validated End-Users, Respective Items Eligible...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; 2B230; 2B350.d.2 2B350.g.3 2B350.i.4; 3B001.c.2; 3C002; 3C004 Headquarters and Fab. 1 of HHNEC, No. 1188 Chuan Qiao Rd., Pu Dong, Shanghai, China 201206.Fab. 2 of HHNEC, No. 668 Guo Shou Jing Rd., Zhang Jiang...

Event Detection Challenges, Methods, and Applications in Natural and Artificial Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

using the composite event detection method [Kerman, Jiang, Blumberg , and Buttrey, 2009]. Although the techniques and utility of the...aforementioned method have been clearly demonstrated, there is still much work and research to be conducted within the realm of event detection. This...detection methods . The paragraphs that follow summarize the discoveries of and lessons learned by multiple researchers and authors over many

Malaria Genome Sequencing Project

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

BEHNAM JOANA JENKINS, CHELTON CARTY, HEATHER JENKINS, JENNIFER CHAUDHARY, ABHILASHA JIANG, LINGXIA CHEN, DAN JONES, KRISTINE CHEN, MINGHUA KALB, ERICA... JENNIFER SILVA, JOANA MOAZZEZ, AZITA SITZ, JEFF MOFFAT, KELLY SKOVORODNEV, NELSON, KEITH ALEXANDER NENE, VISHVANATH SMIRNOVA, TATYANA NORCUTT, KARA...Shallom*, Susan E. van Aken*, Steven B. Riedmuller*, Tamara V. Feldblyum*, Jennifer L Cho*t, John Quackenbush*, Martha Sedegah§, Azadeh Shoalbl*, Leda M

China/Taiwan: Evolution of the One China Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-07

Statements During Clinton Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 PRC Premier Li Peng Warns Taiwan...Soviet Union/Russia and built up its theater missile force.48 In December 1992 and March 1993, PRC President Jiang Zemin and Premier Li Peng began to...Ye Jianying Explains Policy Concerning Return of Taiwan to Motherland and Peaceful Unification,” Xinhua [New China News Agency], September 30, 1981

Boron Nitride Substrates for High Mobility Chemical Vapor Deposited Graphene

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-13

Hone, H. L. Stormer , and P. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 096802 2008. 5K. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, and...H. L. Stormer , Solid State Commun. 146, 351 2008. 6S. Berciaud, S. Ryu, L. E. Brus, and T. F. Heinz, Nano Lett. 9, 346 2009. 7S. Bae, H. Kim, Y

Electrical Control of Silicon Photonic Crystal Cavity by Graphene

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Henriksen, E. A.; Jiang, Z.; Hao, Z.; Martin, M. C.; Kim, P.; Stormer , H. L.; Basov, D. N. Nat. Phys. 2008, 4 (7), 532−535. (4) Liu, M.; Yin, X...Zhang, Y.; Tan, Y.-W.; Stormer , H. L.; Kim, P. Nature 2005, 438 (7065), 201−204. (21) Cho, J. H.; Lee, J.; Xia, Y.; Kim, B.; He, Y.; Renn, M. J

Extraordinary magnetoresistance in shunted chemical vapor deposition grown graphene devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Lett. 10, 3962 (2010). 9Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, Y.-W. Tan, H. L. Stormer , and P. Kim, Solid State Commun. 143 14 (2007). 10A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov...L. Stormer , U. Zeitler, J. C. Maan, G. S. Boebinger, P. Kim, and A. K. Geim, Science 9, 1379 (2007). 20F. Meier, L. Zhou, J. Wiebe, and R

AR Alternative Splicing and Prostate Cancer Progression

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

database (ARDB): update. Human Mutation 23 527–533. (doi:10.1002/ humu .20044) Guo Z, Yang X, Sun F, Jiang R, Linn DE, Chen H, Kong X, Melamed J, Tepper...doi:10.1002/ humu .21138) Matias PM, Donner P, Coelho R, Thomaz M, Peixoto C, Macedo S, Otto N, Joschko S, Scholz P, Wegg A et al. 2000 Structural

Innovative Composite Structure Design for Blast Protection

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

2007-01-0483 Innovative Composite Structure Design for Blast Protection Dongying Jiang, Yuanyuan Liu MKP Structural Design Associates, Inc...protect vehicle and occupants against various explosives. The multi-level and multi-scenario blast simulation and design system integrates three major...numerical simulation of a BTR composite under a blast event. The developed blast simulation and design system will enable the prediction, design, and

Parallel Computing in Protein Structure Topology Determination

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

model, B) dynamic model. A B 6. REFERENCES Baker, M. L., W. Jiang, et al. (2006). "Ab initio modeling of the herpesvirus VP26 core...skeletons of secondary structures." J Mol Biol 350(3): 571-86. Zhou, Z. H., M. Dougherty, et al. (2000). "Seeing the herpesvirus capsid at 8.5 Å." Science 288(5467): 877-880.

English-Chinese Cross-Language IR Using Bilingual Dictionaries

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

specialized dictionaries together contain about two million entries [6]. 4 Monolingual Experiment The Chinese documents and the Chinese translations of... monolingual performance. The main performance-limiting factor is the limited coverage of the dictionary used in query translation. Some of the key con...English-Chinese Cross-Language IR using Bilingual Dictionaries Aitao Chen , Hailing Jiang , and Fredric Gey School of Information Management

Data Analysis, Modeling, and Ensemble Forecasting to Support NOWCAST and Forecast Activities at the Fallon Naval Station

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-30

forecasting and use of satellite data assimilation for model evaluation (Jiang et al, 2011a). He is a task leader on another NSF EPSCoR project...K. Horvath, R. Belu, 2011a: Application of variational data assimilation to dynamical downscaling of regional wind energy resources in the western...1 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Data Analysis, Modeling, and Ensemble Forecasting to

CRISPR-Cas Gatekeeper: Slow on the Uptake but Gets the Job Done.

PubMed

Whitaker, Rachel J; Vanderpool, Carin K

2016-02-10

Microbial CRISPR-Cas acts as a defense, but also as a gatekeeper controlling the flow of new genes into microbial genomes. In a recent Cell paper, Jiang et al. (2016) uncover the functional importance of transcription-dependent RNA targeting in type III-A CRISPR-Cas antiviral defense and provide insight into the co-evolution of virus-host symbioses. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Passive Mode Carbon Nanotube Underwater Acoustic Transducer

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-20

Acoustical transducer arrays can reflect a sound signal in reverse to the sender which can be used for echo location devices. [0008] In Jiang...of this layer of the medium determines the amplitude of the resulting sound waves. [0005] Recently, there has been development of underwater...structures. The energy is partially reflected from interfaces between the geologic structure and is detected with geophone or hydrophone sensors

John Turner | NREL

Science.gov Websites

; International Journal of Energy Research 32 (5), 379-407. Ahn, K.S., Shet, S., Deutsch, T., Jiang, C.S., Yan, Y and Sustainable Energy, an AIP journal. Research Interests Dr. Turner has been recognized as a methods, definitions, and reporting protocols." Journal of Materials Research 25 (01), 3-16. Yin, W.J

Reconstructing the spatial pattern of historical forest land in China in the past 300 years

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xuhong; Jin, Xiaobin; Xiang, Xiaomin; Fan, Yeting; Shan, Wei; Zhou, Yinkang

2018-06-01

The reconstruction of the historical forest spatial distribution is of a great significance to understanding land surface cover in historical periods as well as its climate and ecological effects. Based on the maximum scope of historical forest land before human intervention, the characteristics of human behaviors in farmland reclamation and deforestation for heating and timber, we create a spatial evolution model to reconstruct the spatial pattern of historical forest land. The model integrates the land suitability for reclamation, the difficulty of deforestation, the attractiveness of timber trading markets and the abundance of forest resources to calibrate the potential scope of historical forest land with the rationale that the higher the probability of deforestation for reclamation and wood, the greater the likelihood that the forest land will be deforested. Compared to the satellite-based forest land distribution in 2000, about 78.5% of our reconstructed historical forest grids are of the absolute error between 25% and -25% while as many as 95.85% of those grids are of the absolute error between 50% and -50%, which indirectly validates the feasibility of our reconstructed model. Then, we simulate the spatial distribution of forest land in China in 1661, 1724, 1820, 1887, 1933 and 1952 with the grid resolution of 1 km × 1 km. Our result shows that (1) the reconstructed historical forest land in China in the past 300 years concentrates in DaXingAnLing, XiaoXingAnLing, ChangBaiShan, HengDuanShan, DaBaShan, WuYiShan, DaBieShan, XueFengShang and etc.; (2) in terms of the spatial evolution, historical forest land shrank gradually in LiaoHe plains, SongHuaJiang-NenJiang plains and SanJiang plains of eastnorth of China, Sichuan basins and YunNan-GuiZhou Plateaus; and (3) these observations are consistent to the proceeding of agriculture reclamation in China in past 300 years towards Northeast China and Southwest China.

An ultra low noise telecom wavelength free running single photon detector using negative feedback avalanche diode.

PubMed

Yan, Zhizhong; Hamel, Deny R; Heinrichs, Aimee K; Jiang, Xudong; Itzler, Mark A; Jennewein, Thomas

2012-07-01

It is challenging to implement genuine free running single-photon detectors for the 1550 nm wavelength range with simultaneously high detection efficiency (DE), low dark noise, and good time resolution. We report a novel read out system for the signals from a negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) [M. A. Itzler, X. Jiang, B. Nyman, and K. Slomkowski, "Quantum sensing and nanophotonic devices VI," Proc. SPIE 7222, 72221K (2009); X. Jiang, M. A. Itzler, K. ODonnell, M. Entwistle, and K. Slomkowski, "Advanced photon counting techniques V," Proc. SPIE 8033, 80330K (2011); M. A. Itzler, X. Jiang, B. M. Onat, and K. Slomkowski, "Quantum sensing and nanophotonic devices VII," Proc. SPIE 7608, 760829 (2010)], which allows useful operation of these devices at a temperature of 193 K and results in very low darkcounts (∼100 counts per second (CPS)), good time jitter (∼30 ps), and good DE (∼10%). We characterized two NFADs with a time-correlation method using photons generated from weak coherent pulses and photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion. The inferred detector efficiencies for both types of photon sources agree with each other. The best noise equivalent power of the device is estimated to be 8.1 × 10(-18) W Hz(-1/2), more than 10 times better than typical InP/InGaAs single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) show in free running mode. The afterpulsing probability was found to be less than 0.1% per ns at the optimized operating point. In addition, we studied the performance of an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) using these detectors and develop a model for the quantum bit error rate that incorporates the afterpulsing coefficients. We verified experimentally that using these NFADs it is feasible to implement QKD over 400 km of telecom fiber. Our NFAD photon detector system is very simple, and is well suited for single-photon applications where ultra-low noise and free-running operation is required, and some afterpulsing

Peng Peiyun and Jiang Zhenghua answer questions raised by both Chinese and foreign journalists.

PubMed

1993-04-01

In April 1993, the Minister and Vice Minister of the Chinese State Family Planning (FP) Commission held a news conference for Chinese and foreign journalists on population and FP. The Chinese FP program has lowered the birth rate by .5% in 5 years, thus adverting 15 million births. A 1992 survey of 385,000 people showed that the number of acceptors increased 12.3% during 1988-92, and unplanned births declined by 54.7% in the same period. Early marriage were 48% less frequent; marriage age increased from 21.8 to 22.5 years. The fertility rate has experienced this rapid decline because efforts were strengthened in the past 2 years. Despite achieving below replacement level fertility, efforts will continue to enact the current FP policy. Whereas the sex ratio is higher than international standards (111.3 vs. 106), China has instituted and publicized laws and incentives designed to improve the status of women and enhance the equality of women. The phenomenon of "converse elimination," which occurs with urban intellectuals being confined to one child, whereas rural inhabitants have more children, is a natural result of the condition of rural life which makes more children necessary because of the practical daily problems rural inhabitants face. China's population policy, however, is designed to stress both population control and improvement of the quality of human resources. The current policy was devised as a response to conditions which are unlikely to change before the year 2000. Rural areas require access to education, health care, and culture. The policy includes the use of incentives and disincentives for Fp workers, and this system is subject to abuse. The objective of the incentives and disincentives is encouraged and citizens have recourse in the courts if officials behave irresponsibly. A more favorable environment for FP will be created as China moves toward a socialist market economy. As labor migration from rural to urban areas increases, however, FP management will have to be combined with employment credentials to monitor possible unplanned births.

Rickettsia parkeri in Gulf Coast Ticks, Southeastern Virginia, USA

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

Rickettsia parkeri in Gulf Coast Ticks, Southeastern Virginia, USA Chelsea L. Wright, Robyn M. Nadolny, Ju Jiang, Allen L. Richards, Daniel E...Virginia. We found that 43.1% of the adult Gulf Coast ticks collected in the summer of 2010 carried Rickettsia parkeri, suggesting that persons living in...or visiting southeastern Virginia are at risk for infection with this pathogen. Rickettsia parkeri is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Traumatic Brain Injury (Head and Spinal)

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase are involved in brain-derived neurotrophic factor- mediated survival and neuritogenesis of the neuroblastoma cell line ... SH - SY5Y , J. Neurochem. 73 (1999) 1409-1421. 15. Gottshalk, W.A., Jiang, H., Tartaglia, N., Feng, L., Figurov, A., Lu, B., Signaling mechanisms...NT-6), and neurotrophin-7 (NT-7) (4, 5, 24, 80). Neurotrophins are believed to promote their cell survival, growth, and differentiation effects

China/Taiwan: Evolution of the One China Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-09

48 PRC Premier Li Peng Warns Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Mainland-Taiwan “Koo-Wang...and March 1993, PRC President Jiang Zemin and Premier Li Peng began to warn of having to use “drastic” or “resolute” measures to prevent Taiwan...commitment in its referral to Quemoy and Matsu.” (Wolff and Simon, p. 282-283.) 95 “Ye Jianying Explains Policy Concerning Return of Taiwan to Motherland and

Development of RNAi Libraries for Target Validation and Therapeutics

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

met using a hammerhead ribozyme transgene reduces in vitro invasion and migration in prostate cancer cells. Prostate, 60: 317-324, 2004. 49...Watkins, G., Mason, M.D., Jiang, W.G. (2004) Targeting the HGF/SF receptor c-met using a hammerhead ribozyme transgene reduces in vitro invasion...reduction of tumor growth (27). In addition, when c-met was knocked-down using ribozymes , cell invasion and metastasis were inhibited both in vitro

Optimal Mass Transport for Statistical Estimation, Image Analysis, Information Geometry, and Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-10

Metric Uncertainty for Spectral Estimation based on Nevanlinna-Pick Interpolation, (with J. Karlsson) Intern. Symp. on the Math . Theory of Networks and...Systems, Melbourne 2012. 22. Geometric tools for the estimation of structured covariances, (with L. Ning, X. Jiang) Intern. Symposium on the Math . Theory...estimation and the reversibility of stochastic processes, (with Y. Chen, J. Karlsson) Proc. Int. Symp. on Math . Theory of Networks and Syst., July

Alluvial Fan, China

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-03-03

Image taken 5/2/2002 by ASTER: A vast alluvial fan blossoms across the desolate landscape between the Kunlun and Altun mountain ranges that form the southern border of the Taklimakan Desert in China's XinJiang Province. This image can be found on ASTER Path 143 Row 34, center: 37.43 N, 84.30 E. To learn more about the Landsat satellite go to: landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Utilizing the Power of Nanostructures to Their Fullest Capability in Energetic Formulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

aluminum-cyclopentadienyl clusters. J Phys Chem A. 2011;115(48):14100– 14109. Zeng Q, Jiang X, Yu A, Lu G. Growth mechanisms of silver nanoparticles : a...assemblies of gas generators containing nanoscale Al (conventional Al nanoparticles and Al nanoclusters) to overcome the sintering and/or oxide-formation...issues. Experimentally, a previously published hypothesis for the mechanism leading to enhanced energy release from Al nanoparticles in the presence of

Identification and Mapping of Mechanically Exfoliated 1H-MoS2 Flakes for Field-Effect Transistors

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

structures directly onto 1H- and 2H-MoS2. A methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA ) bilayer resist process will be used for all...the fiscal year. 9 5. References 1. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA . Electric...photoluminescence PMMA polymethyl methacrylate TMDs transition metal dichalcogenides 12 1 DEFENSE TECH INFO CTR (PDF) ATTN DTIC OCA (PDF) 2

A Study on Run Time Assurance for Complex Cyber Physical Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-18

safety verification approach was applied to synchronization of distributed local clocks of the nodes on a CAN bus by Jiang et al. [36]. The class of...mode of interaction between the instrumented system and the checker, we distin- guish between synchronous and asynchronous monitoring. In synchronous ...occurred. Synchronous monitoring may deliver a higher degree of assurance than the asynchronous one, because it can block a dangerous action. However

Hypersonic Transition Along Curved Surfaces in the Presence of Vortices and Their Control by Using Microtextured Surfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-13

Bhagwandin, Pierre N. Floriano, Nico- laos Christodoulides, and John T. McDevitt, “Programmable nano- bio -chip sensors : Analytical meets clinical”, Analytical...superhydrophobic surfaces can be used in many technologies such as self-cleaning coatings for satellite dishes, solar energy panels, photovoltaics and...Design of hydrophobic surfaces for liquid droplet control”, NPG Asia Mater. 3, pp. 49–56 (2011). [15] K. Liu and L. Jiang, “ Bio -inspired self-cleaning

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, China

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-09

the nation’s first inert gas evaporation apparatus for fabrication of nanoparticles and have fabricated bulk test samples of nanostructures via...CAS researchers have employed chemical techniques to fabricate A1203 nanoparticles and bulk structures in the 8-10-nm range, with controllable vari...ability of nanoparticle size. CAS Beijing Vacuum Physics Laboratory 92P60435B Shanghai JIEFANG RIBAO in Chinese 17 Aug 92 p 3 [Article by Jiang

Time and Frequency Activities at The U.S. Naval Observatory

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

TWSTFT ) The most accurate means of operational long-distance time transfer is generally believed to be TWSTT [15-18], although the most precise...Frequency Transfer ( TWSTFT ),” Review of Radio Science (Oxford Science Publications), pp. 27-44. [16] L. A. Breakiron, A. L. Smith, B. C. Fonville...Matsakis, L. Breakiron, A. Bauch, D. Piester, D., and Z. Jiang, 2009, “Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency ( TWSTFT ) Transfer Calibration Constancy from

Time and Frequency Activities at the U.S. Naval Observatory

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

TWSTT, ALSO REFERRED TO AS TWO-WAY SATELLITE TIME AND FREQUENCY TRANSFER ( TWSTFT ) The most accurate means of operational long-distance time...Frequency Transfer ( TWSTFT ),” Review of Radio Science (Oxford Science Publications), pp. 27-44. [25] L. A. Breakiron, A. L. Smith, B. C. Fonville, E...Breakiron, A. Bauch, D. Piester, D., and Z. Jiang, 2009, “Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency ( TWSTFT ) Transfer Calibration Constancy from Closure

New Forms of Matter in Optical Lattices

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-19

Daley, A. M. Läuchli, and P. Zoller Thermal vs. Entanglement Entropy: A Measurement Protocol for Fermionic Atoms with a Quantum Gas Microscope...J. A. Edge, E. Taylor, S. Zhang, S. Trotzky, J. H. Thywissen Transverse Demagnetization Dynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas Science 344, 722 (2014...Jiang, J Ignacio Cirac, Peter Zoller, Mikhail D Lukin, "Topologically Protected Quantum State Transfer in a Chiral Spin Liquid , "Nature Communications

China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-31

his party at the Jingjiang hotel yesterday. Comrade Jiang Zemin, deputy chief of the State Council’s leading group for invigorating the electronics... industry and former minister of electronics industry , attended the meeting and banquet. The delegation of the GDR Ministry of Electrical Engineering...and Electronics arrived in Shanghai on 24 June in the company of Comrade Xie Gaojue, vice minister of electronics industry . Comrade Felix Meier and

Finding topological center of a geographic space via road network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Liang; Miao, Yanan; Qin, Yuhao; Zhao, Xiaomei; Gao, Zi-You

2015-02-01

Previous studies show that the center of a geographic space is of great importance in urban and regional studies, including study of population distribution, urban growth modeling, and scaling properties of urban systems, etc. But how to well define and how to efficiently extract the center of a geographic space are still largely unknown. Recently, Jiang et al. have presented a definition of topological center by their block detection (BD) algorithm. Despite the fact that they first introduced the definition and discovered the 'true center', in human minds, their algorithm left several redundancies in its traversal process. Here, we propose an alternative road-cycle detection (RCD) algorithm to find the topological center, which extracts the outmost road-cycle recursively. To foster the application of the topological center in related research fields, we first reproduce the BD algorithm in Python (pyBD), then implement the RCD algorithm in two ways: the ArcPy implementation (arcRCD) and the Python implementation (pyRCD). After the experiments on twenty-four typical road networks, we find that the results of our RCD algorithm are consistent with those of Jiang's BD algorithm. We also find that the RCD algorithm is at least seven times more efficient than the BD algorithm on all the ten typical road networks.

[The different experession of human papilloma viral types 6 and 11 in Uyghur and Chinese juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a large pediatric population in Xinjiang].

PubMed

Zainura, Amrulla; Yalkun, Yasin; Wu, Mei

2013-11-01

To investigate the Human papilloma viral types 6 and 11 in a large pediatric population in XinJiang and the different expression in chinese and uyghur pediatric population. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we analyzed paraffin embedded tissue in 42 cases of juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (JRRP)and determined the HPV types 6 and 11, and to correlate these results with retrospectively analysis about those cases who were consecutively treated in our ENT department, meanwhile we carry out a critical review of the literature of JRRP. A total HPV infection positive rate was 97.61% (41/42), and HPV11 positive rate was 63.41% (41/26), HPV6 positive rate was 36.58% (41/15). In uyghur patient HPV11 positive rate was 65.38% (17/26), HPV6 positive rate was53. 33% (8/15). in Chince patient HPV11 positive rate was 34.61% (9/26), HPV6 positive rate was 46.67% (7/15). Juvenile laryngeal papilloma is associated with HPV11, HPV6 infection and we considered that HPV11 infection may be the important guideline of the evaluation of disease prognosis. but no statistical signtificance was determined in the patients of various ethnic groups in Xin jiang (P > 0.05).

Materials for Adaptive Structural Acoustic Controls

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-31

non -184T walls are possibly active under a weak cternial driving field. I. INTRODUCTION sic and extrinsic contributions from tile experimental data...increased activity in non - I 8Or wall in PZT-500, The experimental methods presented in this however, the disproportionate increase in e. may refiect be...Electromechanical Nonlinearity of Ferroelecuic Ceramic and Related non 180" Domain Wall Motion. Feaoelectrics 139,25- 49 (1993). 14. Jiang, Q., W. Cao, and L E

Current Chinese Leadership: Background, Associations, and Issues for Selected Key Military Leaders

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

58 years old). Key leaders classified as conservative, such as Ye Jianying and Xu Xiangqian, lost their influential positions in September 1985...Cmte, CCP-CC (since Oct 83); VC, Central Greening Cmte (since Feb 82) Name;Jiang Xianchen Position; Deputy Chief, PLA GSD (since Mar 85) Name; Li ...Guang Position; Dir, Weapons & Equipment Dept, PLA GSD (since Nov 82) Name; Li Jing Position; Dep Cdr, PLA Navy (since Jul 83) Name; Li Jiulong

Quantum Phases of Matter in Optical Lattices

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-30

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.013625 Hyungwon Kim, David A. Huse. Ballistic Spreading of Entanglement in a Diffusive Nonintegrable System, Physical...Review B, (07 2013): 0. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.014206 Lin Dong, Lei Jiang, Han Pu. Fulde–Ferrell pairing instability in spin–orbit coupled Fermi...PhysRevA.87.051603 Kuei Sun, C. J. Bolech. Pair tunneling, phase separation, and dimensional crossover in imbalanced fermionic superfluids in a coupled

Co-occurring Mental Health and Alcohol Misuse Symptoms: Dual Disorder Symptoms in Combat Injured Veterans

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-03

required from Department of Veterans Af fairs hospitals. The rate of alcohol misuse among veterans screening for PTSD or de pression in the present...facilities only (casualties treated at forward deployed Army facilities, and those transported directly to Combat Support Hospitals from the point of injury...Psychiatry, 163, 1777–1783. Hien, D. A., Jiang, H., Campbell, A. N. C., Hu, M. C., Miele , G. M., Cohen, L. R., et al. (2010). Do treatment improvements

Network Characteristics and Dynamics: Reciprocity, Competition and Information Dissemination

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION A Dissertation Presented by BO JIANG Approved as to style and content by: Don Towsley, Chair Weibo Gong, Member Matthias...my parents . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest thanks to my advisor, Prof. Don Towsley, who has always been encouraging, supportive...deepest gratitude to my parents and all my extended family members for their constant love and support. This work was supported in part by DoD ARO MURI

TWSTFT Data Treatment for UTC Time Transfer

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

41 st Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting 409 TWSTFT DATA TREATMENT FOR UTC TIME TRANSFER Z. Jiang, W...Abstract TWSTFT (TW) is the primary technique of time and frequency transfers used at BIPM for the UTC/TAI generations. At present, some 19...number. 1. REPORT DATE NOV 2009 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE TWSTFT Data Treatment for UTC Time

Calibrating GPS With TWSTFT For Accurate Time Transfer

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

40th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting 577 CALIBRATING GPS WITH TWSTFT FOR ACCURATE TIME TRANSFER Z. Jiang1 and...primary time transfer techniques are GPS and TWSTFT (Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TW for short). 83% of UTC time links are...Calibrating GPS With TWSTFT For Accurate Time Transfer 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT

Time and Frequency Activities at the U.S. Naval Observatory

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

Massachusetts, USA (Institute of Navigation, Alexandria, Virginia). [22] D. Kirchner, 1999, “Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer ( TWSTFT ...Piester, D., and Z. Jiang, 2009, “Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency ( TWSTFT ) Transfer Calibration Constancy from Closure Sums,” in Proceedings of...Shäfer, and A. Pawlitzki, 2005, “Development of Carrier- Phase-Based Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer ( TWSTFT ),” in Proceedings of the 36 th

Efficient Symbolic Task Planning for Multiple Mobile Robots

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-13

Efficient Symbolic Task Planning for Multiple Mobile Robots Yuqian Jiang December 13, 2016 Abstract Symbolic task planning enables a robot to make...high-level deci- sions toward a complex goal by computing a sequence of actions with minimum expected costs. This thesis builds on a single- robot ...time complexity of optimal planning for multiple mobile robots . In this thesis we first investigate the performance of the state-of-the-art solvers of

Study the Effect of KSL-W on Inflammatory Response of Engineered Human Oral Mucosa Following Candida albicans Infection

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

the control roup and the KSL-W-treated group. Heat-inactivated KSL-W did ot affect epithelial cell proliferation (Fig. 2). .3. KSL-W pre-treatment...However, their potential effect against fungi , such as C. albi- cans, remains to be determined. Oral candidiasis is associatedwith gingival...Ingroff A. Mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents: yeasts and filamentous fungi . Rev Iberoam Micol 2008;25:101–6. 14] Feng Z, Jiang B, Chandra J

Given the Absence of Established Doctrine, are there Concepts and Doctrinal Guidance Available from Varying Sources, Which are Relevant to Shaping the Capabilities of the Jamaica Defence Force to Achieve its Mission in the 21st Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-10

the ruling People’s National Party (PNP) and Fidel Castro, communist leader of Cuba . The opposition party at the time was the Jamaica Labour Party...Sea. It is approximately, 145 kilometers (90 miles) south of Cuba . Its coastline extends for 1,022 kilometers (634 miles). Jamaica practices a...Qin, Chairman Mao Tse-tung, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin. The foundation principles of Marxism are revered and built upon by the respective military

Benchmarking Insulin Treatment Persistence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Across Different U.S. Payer Segments.

PubMed

Wei, Wenhui; Jiang, Jenny; Lou, Youbei; Ganguli, Sohini; Matusik, Mark S

2017-03-01

treatment persistence across different payers in the United States. Findings indicate that basal insulin persistence patterns are significantly different across different payers, basal insulin types, and devices. This information may be useful in developing targeted approaches to improve T2D patients' persistence with insulin treatment for better glycemic control. This study was funded by Sanofi U.S. through a grant provided to Walgreens for research services. Matusik, Jiang, and Lou are employed by Walgreen Co. Wei and Ganguli were employed by Sanofi U.S. at the time of this study. Study concept and design were contributed by Wei, Ganguli, and Matusik, with assistance from Lou. Jiang took the lead in data collection, along with Lou, and data interpretation was performed by Wei, Lou, and Jiang, along with Ganguli and Matusik. The manuscript was written by Wei and Jiang, along with Ganguli and Matusik, and revised by Wei and Ganguli, along with the other authors.

An ultra low noise telecom wavelength free running single photon detector using negative feedback avalanche diode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Zhizhong; Hamel, Deny R.; Heinrichs, Aimee K.; Jiang, Xudong; Itzler, Mark A.; Jennewein, Thomas

2012-07-01

It is challenging to implement genuine free running single-photon detectors for the 1550 nm wavelength range with simultaneously high detection efficiency (DE), low dark noise, and good time resolution. We report a novel read out system for the signals from a negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) [M. A. Itzler, X. Jiang, B. Nyman, and K. Slomkowski, "Quantum sensing and nanophotonic devices VI," Proc. SPIE 7222, 72221K (2009), 10.1117/12.814669; X. Jiang, M. A. Itzler, K. ODonnell, M. Entwistle, and K. Slomkowski, "Advanced photon counting techniques V," Proc. SPIE 8033, 80330K (2011), 10.1117/12.883543; M. A. Itzler, X. Jiang, B. M. Onat, and K. Slomkowski, "Quantum sensing and nanophotonic devices VII," Proc. SPIE 7608, 760829 (2010), 10.1117/12.843588], which allows useful operation of these devices at a temperature of 193 K and results in very low darkcounts (˜100 counts per second (CPS)), good time jitter (˜30 ps), and good DE (˜10%). We characterized two NFADs with a time-correlation method using photons generated from weak coherent pulses and photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion. The inferred detector efficiencies for both types of photon sources agree with each other. The best noise equivalent power of the device is estimated to be 8.1 × 10-18 W Hz-1/2, more than 10 times better than typical InP/InGaAs single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) show in free running mode. The afterpulsing probability was found to be less than 0.1% per ns at the optimized operating point. In addition, we studied the performance of an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) using these detectors and develop a model for the quantum bit error rate that incorporates the afterpulsing coefficients. We verified experimentally that using these NFADs it is feasible to implement QKD over 400 km of telecom fiber. Our NFAD photon detector system is very simple, and is well suited for single-photon applications where ultra-low noise and free

The Shock and Vibration Digest, Volume 17, Number 11

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

Jiang, C., and Chia , 1983). C.Y., "Dynamic and Static Nonlinear Analy- .sis of Cylindrically Orthotropic Circular 122. Nowinski, J.L., "On the...Rectilinearly Orthotropic Disk," Intl. J. (1984). Mech. Sci., j2 (3), pp 191-198 (1983). 132. Sathyamootthy, M. and Chia , C.Y., 123. Sathyamoorthy, M...34Geometrically Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Laminated Composite 139. Chia , C.Y., "Large Amplitude Vibra- Plates," AIAA J., 21 (4), pp 621-629 (Apr tions of

JPRS Report, China.

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-09

Birth Control Measures [RENKOU YU JINGJI25 Oct] 37 Conference on Population Problems in Southwest [RENKOU YU JINGJI 25 Oct] -. 38 Southern JiangsU... Birth Control Measures 93CE0171A Beijing RENKOU YU JINGJI [POPULATION AND ECONOMICS] in Chinese No 74, 25 Oct 92 pp 43-45 [Article by Deng Guosheng...6772 0948 0524), affiliated with the Population Department of Jiangxi Teachers College: "More Attention Needs To Be Paid to Our Poor Birth Control Results

Toward Development of a Field-Deployable Imaging Device for TBI

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

proportional to the Young modulus with the following relationship: E = 3ρc2, where E is the Young modulus (kilopascals), a measure of the resistance of...Fang M, Jiang WQ, Zhu GF, Zeng HK. Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on intracranial pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in rats with cerebral...creates images of Young’s Modulus, a measure of 81 the resistance to such that larger values describe stiffer tissue. Therefore, maps of Young’s 82

Annual Staunton Hill Conference on China’s People Liberation Army (PLA) (2nd) Held in Staunton Hill, Virginia on September 6 - 8, 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

discipline; 3) regionalism; 4) directly to consolidate the position of the Li Peng the succession to Deng; ind 5) reaction to the Soviet group. coup...by local fact that the 21st century policy serves the narrow leaders, local protectionism (most often in the form interest of Li Peng and not the...elite, Li Peng, Jiang Zemin, and debates over the PLA and its future political role are Yang Shangkun, only Yang has credibility with the calls for a

Transrectal Near-Infrared Optical Tomography for Prostate Imaging

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

using a directional transurethral ultrasound applicator,” J Magn Reson Imaging., 15(4), 409-17. Iftimia N , and Jiang H (2000), “Quantitative... N , Carroll PR, Flax J, Blumenfeld W, and Folkman J (1993), "Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastasis in invasive prostate carcinoma," Am J...34 JAMA. 281, 1591-1597 (1999). 6. A. C. Loch, A. Bannowsky, L. Baeurle, B. Grabski, B. König, G. Flier, O. Schmitz-Krause, U. Paul , and T. Loch

No Evidence for an Item Limit in Change Detection (Open Access)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-28

memory : a reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behav Brain Sci 24: 87–114. 17. Eng HY, Chen D, Jiang Y (2005) Visual working memory for simple...working memory can hold no more than a fixed number of items (‘‘item-limit models’’). Recent findings force us to consider the alternative view that working... memory is limited by the precision in stimulus encoding, with mean precision decreasing with increasing set size (‘‘continuous-resource models

Solubility Report of 1-Methyl-3,5-Dinitro-1H-1,2,4-Triazole (MDNT) and 2-Methyl-4,5-Dinitro-2H-1,2,3-Triazole 1-Oxide (MDNTO) for Co-Crystallization Screen

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-01

New Co-Crystals,” Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 1531-1537, 2009. 2 Landenberger, K., Matzger, A., “ Cocrystal Engineering of a...Y., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Zhou, J., Geo, T., Zhang, H., Jiang, G., “Toward Low- Sensitive and High-Energetic Cocrystal 1: Evaluation of the Power and the...Safety of Observed Energetic Cocrystals ,” CrystEngComm, 15, 4003-4014, 2013. 4 Levinthal, M.L., “Propellant Made With Cocrystals of

Fiber Strength of Hi Nicalon(TM) S After Oxidation and Scale Crystallization in Si(OH)4 Saturated Steam (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-06

conducted for the longest times because the fibers would completely oxidize. The SiO2 tube would warp during experiments run at temperatures over 1200° C ...Chollon, G.; Labrugere, C .; Lahaye, M.; Guette, A.; Bruneel, J . L.; Couzi, M.; Naslain, R.; Jiang, D. L., Characterization of Nearly Stoichiometric...Electron Beam Irradiation Curing - A Review. J . Ceram. Soc. Japan 2006, 114, 455-460. 8. Sauder, C .; Lamon, J ., Tensile Creep Behavior of SiC-Based Fibers

Effects of Early Acute Care on Autonomic Outcomes in SCI: Bedside to Bench and Back

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

fractures in the US military. Spine J. 2012;12(9):777–83. [PMID:21393068] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2011.01.029 3. Macciocchi S, Seel RT...47. Dai, L.Y., Wang, X.Y. and Jiang, L.S. (2007). Neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures : is it predicted by the amount of initial...patients (15%) also presented with a concurrent traumatic brain injury. Additional complications and comorbidi- ties included 1 pulmonary embolism without

Using Wave-Current Observation to Predict Bottom Sediment Processes on Muddy Beaches

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-30

as 80% of wave energy over a distance of just a few wave lengths (Gade, 1957; Jiang and Mehta, 1995; deWitt, 1995; Hill and Foda , 1999; Chan and Liu...bed transformation (see Section Figure 1) emerges from the analysis Sheremet et al., 2005; Jaramillo et al., 2008; Robillard, 2009; Sahin et al...Kaihatu et al., 2007; Sheremet et al., 2010). The ongoing work has three directions of research: Data analysis : reconstruct the sequence of bed

Self-Replenishing Vascularized Fouling-Release Surfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

similar results. Surfaces submerged for 12 days in static cultures of B. braunii, a green microalga known for its potential in the algae biofuels...Technol. 2004, 32, 219−222. (12) Kirschner, C. M.; Brennan, A. B. Bio -Inspired Antifouling Strategies. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2012, 42, 211−229. (13...Release from Fouling Release Coatings. Biofouling 2000, 15, 73−81. (25) Liu, K.; Jiang, L. Bio -Inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res

Modeling Concept Dependencies for Event Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-04

Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Jiang et al . [8] provide a summary of experiments for TRECVID MED 2010 . They employ low-level features such as SIFT and...event detection literature. Ballan et al . [2] present a method to introduce temporal information for video event detection with a BoW (bag-of-words...approach. Zhou et al . [24] study video event detection by encoding a video with a set of bag of SIFT feature vectors and describe the distribution with a

Advanced Nanocrystalline Ceramic Matrix Composites with Improved Toughness

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-09

Based Nanocomposites," Dongtao Jiang and Amiya Mukherjee, Scripta Materialia, 58, pp. 991-993, 2008. 7) "In Situ Boron Carbide- Titanium Diboride...specimen and polished to 1 µm finish. The single edge V-notched beam (SEVNB) samples were first notched using a 0.5-mm diamond saw blade to a depth of...600 µm and the final notches were created by hand using a razor blade and1-µm diamond paste. An optical microscope was used to measure the notch

Multiscale Mathematics for Nano-Particle-Endowed Active Membranes and Films

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-03

Formation in Biofilms ,” Contemporary Mathematics (586), 2013, 105-116. 2. Yi Sun and Qi Wang, “Modeling and Simulations of Multicellular Aggregate Self...6402. 21. Hua Jiang, Hao Yang, Jun Zeng, Zhiyuan Zhou, Jin Peng, Qi Wang, Analytic Oncology, Electron J Metab Nutr Cancer ，Jun. 2015，Vol. 2， No. 2, 26...30. 22. Chen Chen, Dacheng Ren, Mingming Ren and Qi Wang, “3-D Spatial-Temporal Structures of Biofilms in A Water Channel,” Mathematical Methods

NO PLIF Imaging in the CUBRC 48-inch Shock Tunnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Exp Fluids (2012) 53:1637-1646 OOI 10.1007/s00348-012-1381-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE NO PLIF imaging in the CUBRC 48-inch shock tunnel N. Jiang· J...Center’s (CUBRC) 48-inch Mach 9 hypervelocity shock tunnel using a pulse burst laser-based high frame rate imaging system. Sequences of up to ten images...2002) have been performed in the Australia National University’s T2 free- piston shock tunnel . More recently, two-component Doppler- shift-based

CHILI: China Lijiang IFU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, Lei

2014-07-01

Wide-field IFU technology on medium-size telescope provides a unique science capability that compliments larger future facilities. Here I introduce a program to employ a VIRUS-like unit on the 2.4 meter telescope in GaoMeiGu Observatory in LiJiang, China. We name the instrument "CHILI (China Lijiang IFU)". It will be an IFU with very large field of view at 1.8'x3.6'. We discuss its science capabilities and its potential benefit to the Chinese astronomical community.

Highly sensitive photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold 23Na133Cs molecular long-range states below the 3S 1/2 + 6P 3/2 limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yanyan; Wu, Jizhou; Liu, Wenliang; Wang, Xiaofeng; Wang, Wenhao; Ma, Jie; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang

2017-12-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304203), the ChangJiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT13076), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91436108, 61378014, 61675121, 61705123, and 11434007), the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subjects Construction, China, and the Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 201601D021001).

Enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio of ultracold polar NaCs molecular spectra by phase locking detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wenhao; Liu, Wenliang; Wu, Jizhou; Li, Yuqing; Wang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Yanyan; Ma, Jie; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang

2017-12-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304203), the ChangJiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT13076), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91436108, 61378014, 61675121, 61705123, and 61722507), the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project” Key Subjects Construction, China, and the Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 201601D021001).

JPRS Report, China

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-26

by both workers and enterprises for their role in upholding the lawful rights and benefits of both sides in more than 230 cases. A Shangri - La Hotel ...8217Counterrevolutionary’ Speaks on Truth 40050592 Shanghai MINZHU YU FAZHI [DEMOCRACY AND LA W] in Chinese No 6, 12Jun89p 10 [Article by Chen Shizhong...women, Jiang Wei and Zhang Li. were dismissed from the Joint-venture hotel on January 5 on grounds that ihey took leave from their posts without

Cleavage/Repair and Signal Transduction Pathways in Irradiated Breast Tumor Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-09-01

Pharmacology 51: 931-940, 1996. Freemerman,AJ, Vrana J, Tombes RM, Jiang H, Chellepan SP, Fisher PB and Grant S. Effects of antisense p21 (Wafl/CIP1...gene. Mutat. Res. 403, 171-175. Vrana JA, Decker RH, Johnson CR, Wang Z, Jarvis WD, Richon VM, Ehinger M, Fisher PB and Grant S. Induction of apoptosis...centri- blue dye and trypan blue negative cells were counted fuged, washed with PBS and lysed using 100-2001il under phase contrast microscopy. of lysis

Developing Animal Models for Optimizing the Musculoskeletal Repair Potential of Emerging Human Progenitor Cell Therapies

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

into a central hub for group analysis and reporting. It is now being used for a just received R21 award to assess skeletal variation in a population...model to produce, and the use of the 3D X-rays the extent of deformity and the tempo of repair can be easily documented. Addition of the...Liu, Y., Boyd, N., Dennis, J., Jiang, X., Xin, X., Wang, L., Aguila, H., Rowe, D., Lichtler, A. and Goldberg , J. Developmental engineering of bone

Experimental and Theoretical Probing of Molecular Dynamics at Catalytic and Ionic Liquid Interfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

15. SUBJECT TERMS Surface, interface,  photocatalysis , fluorescence yield, ionic liquid, reactive force field    16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17...2, 3 which are promising photocatalysts for hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting. 1. Experimental The new experimental setup...Wang, G. Liu, G. Q. Lu, H.-M. Cheng, Int. J. of Hydrogen Energ., 2010, 35, 8199- 8205. 3. F. Xu, Y. Yuan, H. Han, D. Wu, Z. Gao, K. Jiang, CrystEngComm

Control of Flow Structure and Ignition of Hydrocarbon Fuel in Cavity and Behind Wallstep of Supersonic Duct by Filamentary DC Discharge

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Lindstrom , K.R. Jackson, S. Williams, R. Givens, W.F. Bailey, C.J. Tam, W.F. Terry, AIAA Journal 47, 2368 (2009). 13. S.T. Sanders, J.A. Baldwin, T.P...A. Kuthi, C. Jiang, P. Ronney, and Martin A. Gundersen, ―Transient Plasma Ignition of Quiescent and Flowing Air/Fuel Mixtures‖ IEEE Transactions on...applications at elevated temperature. JQSRT 103 (2007) 565–577. 17. C.D. Lindstrom , K.R. Jackson, S. Williams, R. Givens, W.F. Bailey, C.J. Tam, W.F

Accumulation of the Cyclobutane Thymine Dimer in Defined Sequences of Free and Nucleosomal DNA

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

cyclobutane dimer in a single-stranded vector , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 1988, 85, 8141–8145. 11 C. A. Smith, M. Wang, N. Jiang, L. Che, X. Zhao and...J.-S. Taylor, Mutation spectra of M13 vectors containing site-specific cis–syn, trans–syn-I, (6-4), and Dewar pyrimi- done photoproducts of thymidylyl...Bypass of a site-specific cis–syn thymine dimer in a SV40 vector during in vitro replication by HeLa and XPV cell-free extracts, Biochemistry, 1998

A Silicon-Chip Source of Bright Photon-Pair Comb

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-16

A silicon -chip source of bright photon-pair comb Wei C. Jiang,1, ∗ Xiyuan Lu,2, ∗ Jidong Zhang,3 Oskar Painter,4 and Qiang Lin1, 3, † 1Institute of...efficient monolithic photon-pair source for on-chip application. Here we report a device on the silicon -on-insulator platform that utilizes dramatic cavity...enhanced four-wave mixing in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. The device is able to produce high-purity photon pairs in a comb fashion, with an

Electromagnetic Field Control and Optimization Using Metamaterials

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Popović, and K. Hingerl. “Imperfect cloak- ing devices based on metamaterials,” Acta Physica Polonica A , 112(5):1083– 1088, 2007. 148 44. Jiang, Wei X...f. Jcpq Date Accepted: ... M ( A T~ 󈧢 S’t’P 2 GCt:f M. U. Thomas Date Dean, Graduate School of Engineering and Management APIT/DEE/ENG/09-13...dictated by the theory are inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and, in some instances, singular at various locations. In order for a cloak to be practically

Effect of the presence of oil on foam performance; A field simulation study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Law, D.H.S.; Yang, Z.M.; Stone, T.W.

1992-05-01

This paper describes a field-scale sensitivity study of the effect of the presence of oil on foam performance in a steam-foam-drive process. The 2D field-scale simulation was based on a field pilot in the Karamay formation in Zin-Jiang, China. Numerical results showed that the detrimental effect of oil on the foam performance in field operations is significant. The success of a steam-foam process depended mainly on the ability of the foam to divert steam from the depleted zone.

Characterizing SHP2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

50(12), 2339-56. doi:10.1021/bi1014453 Zhang, X., He, Y., Liu, S., Yu, Z., Jiang, Z. X., Yang, Z., Dong, Y., et al. (2010). Salicylic Acid Based...Overall, what we have found so far has been surprising, with the data suggesting that the presence of a -2 acidic residue in the substrate peptide...helped to refine the initial docking poses, with the initial hypothesis being that the pY -1 and -4 position acidic amino acids will bind a pair of

Spatial and Seasonal Dynamics of Water Environmental Capacity in Mountainous Rivers of the Southeastern Coast, China

PubMed Central

Jiang, Jingang; Jing, Changwei

2018-01-01

The south-east littoral is one of the most populous and developed regions in China suffering from serious water pollution problems, and the Xian-Jiang Basin in the mid of this region is among the most polluted watersheds. Critical information is needed but lacking for improved pollution control and water quality assessment, among which water environmental capacity (WEC) is the most important variable but is difficult to calculate. In this study, a one-dimensional water quality model combined with a matrix calculation algorithm was first developed and calibrated with in-situ observations in the Xian-Jiang basin. Then, the model was applied to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of WEC of the entire basin. The results indicated that, in 2015, the total pollutant discharges into the river reached 6719.68 t/yr, 488.12 t/yr, and 128.57 t/yr for COD, NH3-N and TP, respectively. The spatial pattern suggested a strong correlation between these water contaminants and industrial enterprises, residential areas, and land-use types in the basin. Furthermore, it was noticed that there was a significant seasonal pattern in WEC that the dry season pollution is much greater than that in the plum season, while that in the typhoon season appears to be the weakest among all seasons. The WEC differed significantly among the 24 sub-basins during the dry season but varied to a smaller extent in other seasons, suggesting differential complex spatial-temporal dependency of the WEC. PMID:29315265

Molecular Engineering of Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides to Enhance Both Photomechanical Work and Motion (POSTPRINT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

8520−8524. (14) Jiang, Z.; Xu, M.; Li, F.; Yu, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 16446−16453. (15) White, T. J.; Tabiryan, N. V .; Serak, S. V .; Hrozhyk, U...A.; Tondiglia, V . P.; Koerner, H.; Vaia, R. A.; Bunning, T. J. Soft Matter 2008, 4, 1796−1798. (16) Lee, K. M.; Wang, D. H.; Koerner, H.; Vaia, R. A...Bershtein, V . A.; Egorov, V . M.; Podolsky, A. F.; Stepanov, V . A. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed. 1985, 23, 371−377. (34) Bershtein, V . A.; Rydjov

A new species of Mollitrichosiphum Suenaga from Taiwan Island (Hemiptera, Aphididae), based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequences

PubMed Central

Jiang, Li-Yun; Chen, Jing; Qiao, Ge-Xia

2015-01-01

Abstract A new species of Mollitrichosiphum Suenaga, Mollitrichosiphum tumorisiphum Qiao & Jiang, sp. n., from Fagus longipetiolata in Taiwan island is described. Siphunculi of Mollitrichosiphum tumorisiphum in alatae are distinctly swollen on the distal part, unlike those of the other known species in the genus. Updated keys to apterous and alate viviparous females of all known Chinese species of Mollitrichosiphum are provided. The specimens studied are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. PMID:26478705

Research on optimal investment path of transmission corridor under the global energy Internet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Yuehui; Li, Pai; Wang, Qi; Liu, Jichun; Gao, Han

2018-02-01

Under the background of the global energy Internet, the investment planning of transmission corridor from XinJiang to Germany is studied in this article, which passes through four countries: Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus and Poland. Taking the specific situation of different countries into account, including the length of transmission line, unit construction cost, completion time, transmission price, state tariff, inflation rate and so on, this paper constructed a power transmission investment model. Finally, the dynamic programming method is used to simulate the example, and the optimal strategies under different objective functions are obtained.

PREFACE International Symposium on Spintronic Devices and Commercialization 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, You-wei; Judy, Jack; Qian, Zhenghong; Wang, Jianping

2011-01-01

very successful indeed. We are also grateful to the Advisory Committee, the Conference Chairs, the Excutive Chairs, the Academic Committee, the Organization Committee and the Secretariat for their fruitful work. We would especially like to thank all the organizers listed below for their support in all aspects of the conference. We would like to express our thanks to all the authors for their time and genuine efforts, and to the reviewers for their fruitful comments during the preparation of this volume. ISSDC'2010 ORGANIZATION Advisory Committee Chialing Chien, USAJunhao Chu, ChinaBernard Dieny, FranceKoichiro Inomata, Japan Liangmo Mei, ChinaJohn Sivertsen, USAMingjing Tu, ChinaDingsheng Wang, China Zhanguo Wang, ChinaQikun Xue, ChinaWenshan Zhan, China Conference Chairs Jack Judy, USAYouwei Du, China Executive Chairs Zhenghong Qian, USAJianping Wang, USA Organization Committee ChairJiyan Luo, China Vice ChairsGuilin Duan, ChinaLingling Sun, ChinaBaogen Shen, China MembersTiecheng Lu, ChinaDa Ma, ChinaYe Tian, China Jinsong Xu, ChinaQiuling XuChangmao Yang, China Guanghua Yu, ChinaYi Yan, China Academic Committee ChairsZhenghong Qian, USAYongbing Xu, UK Vice ChairsSeongtae Bae, SingaporeYong Jiang, ChinaDexin Wang, USA Huaiwu Zhang, ChinaJianhua Zhao, China MembersJianwang Cai, ChinaXiangdong Chen, ChinaHaifeng Ding, China Chunhong Hou, USAGunther Baubock, USABin Hu, USA Jungchun Huang, TaiwanDexuan Huo, ChinaYoon H Jeong, Korea Chihuang Lai, TaiwanRunwei Li, ChinaWei Liu, China Jing Shi, USAYasushi Takemura, JapanMark Tondra, USA Shan X Wang, USADi Wu, ChinaDesheng Xue, China Minglang Yan, USAShishen Yan, ChinaXiaofei Yang, China Chun Yeol You, KoreaWei Zhao, ChinaShiming Zhou, China Jianguo Zhu, China Secretariat Secretary-generalChangmao Yang, China Vice Secretary-generalJunli Wang, ChinaJinsong Xu, ChinaYe Tian, China MembersRu Bai, ChinaHongliang Zhan, China ISSDC' 2010 Organizers Department of Science and Technology, CSIC, China SpinIC Inc., China Hangzhou

Memory under pressure: secondary-task effects on contextual cueing of visual search.

PubMed

Annac, Efsun; Manginelli, Angela A; Pollmann, Stefan; Shi, Zhuanghua; Müller, Hermann J; Geyer, Thomas

2013-11-04

Repeated display configurations improve visual search. Recently, the question has arisen whether this contextual cueing effect (Chun & Jiang, 1998) is itself mediated by attention, both in terms of selectivity and processing resources deployed. While it is accepted that selective attention modulates contextual cueing (Jiang & Leung, 2005), there is an ongoing debate whether the cueing effect is affected by a secondary working memory (WM) task, specifically at which stage WM influences the cueing effect: the acquisition of configural associations (e.g., Travis, Mattingley, & Dux, 2013) versus the expression of learned associations (e.g., Manginelli, Langer, Klose, & Pollmann, 2013). The present study re-investigated this issue. Observers performed a visual search in combination with a spatial WM task. The latter was applied on either early or late search trials--so as to examine whether WM load hampers the acquisition of or retrieval from contextual memory. Additionally, the WM and search tasks were performed either temporally in parallel or in succession--so as to permit the effects of spatial WM load to be dissociated from those of executive load. The secondary WM task was found to affect cueing in late, but not early, experimental trials--though only when the search and WM tasks were performed in parallel. This pattern suggests that contextual cueing involves a spatial WM resource, with spatial WM providing a workspace linking the current search array with configural long-term memory; as a result, occupying this workspace by a secondary WM task hampers the expression of learned configural associations.

[Textual research on Chen Ye and his Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes) of the Song Dynasty].

PubMed

Zhang, Xuedan; Zhang, Ruqing; Chen, Dexing

2014-01-01

Chen Ye, an official of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as Chen Rihua as his styled name, was born in Changle, Fuzhou in the reign of Shaoxing, and died during the reign of Duanping. He had been consecutively in the positions of Jiang shi lang (Court Gentleman for Ceremonial Service), Zhi zhou (Prefect) of Lingding, the Ti xing (Judicial Commissioner) of Guangdong, the Zong ling (Overseer-general) of Sichuan, Shan ding (Reviser), Shu lin and other positions in Tongzhou, Yuanzhou. His works included 1 volume of Gu ling xian sheng nian pu (Mr. Guling's Chronological Biography), 1 volume of Tan xie (On Humor), 1 volume of Shi hua (Poetry), 8 volumes of Jin yuan li shu (Jin Yuan's Smart Technique), 3 volumes of Yi jian zhi lei bian (Classified Compilation of Yijian's Annals), (Zeng guang) Suo sui lu (Augmented Records of Trivial Matters), 5 volumes of Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes). He also compiled the 8-volume Yin jiang zhi (Yinjiang's Annals), published the 2-volume Jia cang ji yao fang (Collected Essential Recipes from Family Preservation), and other proses and poetry. Jia cang jing yan fang was a formulary compiled by Chen Ye, which was lost. Altogether 74 of its recipes were cited in Fu ren da quan liang fang (Complete Effective Prescriptions for Women's Diseases), Shou qin yang lao shu (A Book for Pursuing Seniors' Longevity and Healthcare), Pu ji fang (Prescriptions for Universal Relief) and Yong le da dian (Yongle Encyclopedia).

Identification of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 as a mediator in 17β-estradiol-induced white adipose tissue browning.

PubMed

Hua, Lun; Zhuo, Yong; Jiang, Dandan; Li, Jing; Huang, Xiaohua; Zhu, Yingguo; Li, Zhen; Yan, Lijun; Jin, Chao; Jiang, Xuemei; Che, Lianqiang; Fang, Zhengfeng; Lin, Yan; Xu, Shengyu; Li, Jian; Feng, Bin; Wu, De

2018-05-02

Both ovarian E2 and hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are critical for energy homeostasis and white adipose tissue browning. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is abundantly expressed in liver. However, whether FGF21 has a role in E2-induced white adipose tissue browning remains uncertain. In this study, we showed that hepatic Fgf21 expression and secretion during estrus cycle changed with the tetradian oscillatory secretion of circulation E2 in adult, female mice, with their peak expressions and secretions at the proestrus. In addition, exogenous E2 robustly stimulated liver Fgf21 expression and elevated serum FGF21 concentrations, which induced browning gene expression and reduced the tissue weight in subcutaneous white adipose in mice with ovariectomies. The inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and of ERα blocked the induction effect of E2 on the expression of Fgf21 in primary hepatocytes, which revealed that E2 might stimulate FGF21 expression via the ERα-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, FGF21 liver-specific deficiency abolished E2-induced white adipose browning in mice with ovariectomies. This study indicates that ovarian E2 increased liver FGF21 expression directly, which in turn, functioned as an endocrine signal to influence inguinal white adipose tissue browning.-Hua, L., Zhuo, Y., Jiang, D., Li, Jin., Huang, X., Zhu, Y., Li, Z., Yan, L., Jin, C., Jiang, X., Che, L., Fang, Z., Lin, Y., Xu, S. Li, Jia., Feng, B., Wu, D. Identification of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 as a mediator in 17β-estradiol-induced white adipose tissue browning.

Preclinical Studies of Signaling Pathways in a Mutant Mouse Model of Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

uro - genital mesenchyme (Lamm et al. 2002; Freestone et al. 2003; Berman et al. 2004); and loss...recombination with rodent embryonic uro - genital mesenchyme and grafting into immunodeficient recipients (Hayward et al. 2001; Gao et al. 2004a; Jiang et al...M y c d ri v en b y A R R 2 P B p ro m o te r; H i- M y c an d lo w -M y c d if fe r in la te n cy . P h en o ty p e: P IN an d ad en o ca rc in o m

Comment on "Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex".

PubMed

Barth, Alison; Burkhalter, Andreas; Callaway, Edward M; Connors, Barry W; Cauli, Bruno; DeFelipe, Javier; Feldmeyer, Dirk; Freund, Tamas; Kawaguchi, Yasuo; Kisvarday, Zoltan; Kubota, Yoshiyuki; McBain, Chris; Oberlaender, Marcel; Rossier, Jean; Rudy, Bernardo; Staiger, Jochen F; Somogyi, Peter; Tamas, Gabor; Yuste, Rafael

2016-09-09

Jiang et al (Research Article, 27 November 2015, aac9462) describe detailed experiments that substantially add to the knowledge of cortical microcircuitry and are unique in the number of connections reported and the quality of interneuron reconstruction. The work appeals to experts and laypersons because of the notion that it unveils new principles and provides a complete description of cortical circuits. We provide a counterbalance to the authors' claims to give those less familiar with the minutiae of cortical circuits a better sense of the contributions and the limitations of this study. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Empirical equation for predicting the surface tension of some liquid metals at their melting point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceotto, D.

2014-07-01

A new empirical equation is proposed for predicting the surface tension of some pure metals at their melting point. The investigation has been conducted adopting a statistical approach using some of the most accredited data available in literature. It is found that for Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb the surface tension can be conveniently expressed in function of the latent heat of fusion and of the geometrical parameters of an ideal liquid spherical drop. The equation proposed has been compared also with the model proposed by Lu and Jiang giving satisfactory agreement for the metals considered.

Taxonomy of Macromotettixoides with the description of a new species (Tetrigidae, Metrodorinae)

PubMed Central

Zha, Ling-Sheng; Yu, Feng-Ming; Boonmee, Saranyaphat; Eungwanichayapant, Prapassorn D.; Wen, Ting-Chi

2017-01-01

Abstract Descriptions of the flying organs and generic characteristics of the genus Macromotettixoides Zheng, Wei & Jiang are currently imprecise. Macromotettixoides is reviewed and compared with allied genera. A re-description is undertaken and a determination key is provided to Macromotettixoides. Macromotettixoides parvula Zha & Wen, sp. n. from the Guizhou Karst Region, China, is described and illustrated with photographs. Observations on the ecology and habits of the new species are recorded. Four current species of Hyboella Hancock are transferred to Macromotettixoides. Variations of the flying organs and tegminal sinus in the Tetrigidae are discussed, which will help to describe them accurately. PMID:28228664

A Comparison Study of an Active Region Eruptive Filament and a Neighboring Non-Eruptive Filament

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, S. T.; Jiang, C.; Feng, X. S.; Hu, Q.

2014-12-01

We perform a comparison study of an eruptive filament in the core region of AR 11283 and a nearby non-eruptive filament. The coronal magnetic field supporting these two filaments is extrapolated using our data-driven CESE-MHD-NLFFF code (Jiang et al. 2013, Jiang etal. 2014), which presents two magnetic flux ropes (FRs) in the same extrapolation box. The eruptive FR contains a bald-patch separatrix surface (BPSS) spatially co-aligned very well with a pre-eruption EUV sigmoid, which is consistent with the BPSS model for the coronal sigmoids. The numerically reproduced magnetic dips of the FRs match observations of the filaments strikingly well, which supports strongly the FR-dip model for filaments. The FR that supports the AR eruptive filament is much smaller (with a length of 3 Mm) compared with the large-scale FR holding the quiescent filament (with a length of 30 Mm). But the AR eruptive FR contains most of the magnetic free energy in the extrapolation box and holds a much higher magnetic energy density than the quiescent FR, because it resides along the main polarity inversion line (PIL) around sunspots with strong magnetic shear. Both the FRs are weakly twisted and cannot trigger kink instability. The AR eruptive FR is unstable because its axis reaches above a critical height for torus instability (TI), at which the overlying closed arcades can no longer confine the FR stably. To the contrary, the quiescent FR is firmly held down by its overlying field, as its axis apex is far below the TI threshold height. (This work is partially supported by NSF AGS-1153323 and 1062050)

Drone based estimation of actual evapotranspiration over different forest types

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marzahn, Philip; Gampe, David; Castro, Saulo; Vega-Araya, Mauricio; Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo; Ludwig, Ralf

2017-04-01

Actual evapotranspiration (Eta) plays an important role in surface-atmosphere interactions. Traditionally, Eta is measured by means of lysimeters, eddy-covariance systems or fiber optics, providing estimates which are spatially restricted to a footprint from a few square meters up to several hectares . In the past, several methods have been developed to derive Eta by means of multi-spectral remote sensing data using thermal and VIS/NIR satellite imagery of the land surface. As such approaches do have their justification on coarser scales, they do not provide Eta information on the fine resolution plant level over large areas which is mandatory for the detection of water stress or tree mortality. In this study, we present a comparison of a drone based assessment of Eta with eddy-covariance measurements over two different forest types - a deciduous forest in Alberta, Canada and a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Drone based estimates of Eta were calculated applying the Triangle-Method proposed by Jiang and Islam (1999). The Triangle-Method estimates actual evapotranspiration (Eta) by means of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) provided by two camera systems (MicaSense RedEdge, FLIR TAU2 640) flown simultaneously on an octocopter. . Results indicate a high transferability of the original approach from Jiang and Islam (1999) developed for coarse to medium resolution satellite imagery tothe high resolution drone data, leading to a deviation in Eta estimates of 10% compared to the eddy-covariance measurements. In addition, the spatial footprint of the eddy-covariance measurement can be detected with this approach, by showing the spatial heterogeneities of Eta due to the spatial distribution of different trees and understory vegetation.

An efficient approach to the analysis of rail surface irregularities accounting for dynamic train-track interaction and inelastic deformations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andersson, Robin; Torstensson, Peter T.; Kabo, Elena; Larsson, Fredrik

2015-11-01

A two-dimensional computational model for assessment of rolling contact fatigue induced by discrete rail surface irregularities, especially in the context of so-called squats, is presented. Dynamic excitation in a wide frequency range is considered in computationally efficient time-domain simulations of high-frequency dynamic vehicle-track interaction accounting for transient non-Hertzian wheel-rail contact. Results from dynamic simulations are mapped onto a finite element model to resolve the cyclic, elastoplastic stress response in the rail. Ratcheting under multiple wheel passages is quantified. In addition, low cycle fatigue impact is quantified using the Jiang-Sehitoglu fatigue parameter. The functionality of the model is demonstrated by numerical examples.

Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Angiogenesis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells via the ROS/miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α/COX-2 Pathway

PubMed Central

He, Jun; Wang, Min; Jiang, Yue; Chen, Qiudan; Xu, Shaohua; Xu, Qing; Jiang, Bing-Hua

2014-01-01

Background: Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic is a major public health concern. Although it has been identified as a human carcinogen, the molecular mechanism underlying the arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to determine the role and mechanisms of miRNAs in arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Methods: We utilized an in vitro model in which human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were transformed through long-term exposure to arsenic. A human xenograft tumor model was established to assess tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Tube formation assay and chorioallantoic membranes assay were used to assess tumor angiogenesis. Results: We found that miR-199a-5p expression levels were more than 100-fold lower in arsenic-transformed cells than parental cells. Re-expression of miR-199a-5p impaired arsenic-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth through its direct targets HIF-1α and COX-2. We further showed that arsenic induced COX-2 expression through HIF-1 regulation at the transcriptional level. In addition, we demonstrated that reactive oxygen species are an upstream event of miR-199a-5p/ HIF-1α/COX-2 pathway in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Conclusion: The findings establish critical roles of miR-199a-5p and its downstream targets HIF-1/COX-2 in arsenic-induced tumor growth and angiogenesis. Citation: He J, Wang M, Jiang Y, Chen Q, Xu S, Xu Q, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. 2014. Chronic arsenic exposure and angiogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells via the ROS/miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α/COX-2 Pathway. Environ Health Perspect 122:255–261; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307545 PMID:24413338

Semantic similarity between ontologies at different scales

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Qingpeng; Haglin, David J.

In the past decade, existing and new knowledge and datasets has been encoded in different ontologies for semantic web and biomedical research. The size of ontologies is often very large in terms of number of concepts and relationships, which makes the analysis of ontologies and the represented knowledge graph computational and time consuming. As the ontologies of various semantic web and biomedical applications usually show explicit hierarchical structures, it is interesting to explore the trade-offs between ontological scales and preservation/precision of results when we analyze ontologies. This paper presents the first effort of examining the capability of this idea viamore » studying the relationship between scaling biomedical ontologies at different levels and the semantic similarity values. We evaluate the semantic similarity between three Gene Ontology slims (Plant, Yeast, and Candida, among which the latter two belong to the same kingdom—Fungi) using four popular measures commonly applied to biomedical ontologies (Resnik, Lin, Jiang-Conrath, and SimRel). The results of this study demonstrate that with proper selection of scaling levels and similarity measures, we can significantly reduce the size of ontologies without losing substantial detail. In particular, the performance of Jiang-Conrath and Lin are more reliable and stable than that of the other two in this experiment, as proven by (a) consistently showing that Yeast and Candida are more similar (as compared to Plant) at different scales, and (b) small deviations of the similarity values after excluding a majority of nodes from several lower scales. This study provides a deeper understanding of the application of semantic similarity to biomedical ontologies, and shed light on how to choose appropriate semantic similarity measures for biomedical engineering.« less

WebGLORE: a Web service for Grid LOgistic REgression

PubMed Central

Jiang, Wenchao; Li, Pinghao; Wang, Shuang; Wu, Yuan; Xue, Meng; Ohno-Machado, Lucila; Jiang, Xiaoqian

2013-01-01

WebGLORE is a free web service that enables privacy-preserving construction of a global logistic regression model from distributed datasets that are sensitive. It only transfers aggregated local statistics (from participants) through Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure to a trusted server, where the global model is synthesized. WebGLORE seamlessly integrates AJAX, JAVA Applet/Servlet and PHP technologies to provide an easy-to-use web service for biomedical researchers to break down policy barriers during information exchange. Availability and implementation: http://dbmi-engine.ucsd.edu/webglore3/. WebGLORE can be used under the terms of GNU general public license as published by the Free Software Foundation. Contact: x1jiang@ucsd.edu PMID:24072732

China seeks Korean partners

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hyoungjin Kim

1993-03-03

In mid-February an eight-member Chinese delegation from the Ministry of Chemicals visited South Korea in search of petrochemicals joint venture partners. The delegation opened negotiations with Seoul-based Lucky (polyacetal resins, polymethacrylates, and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]); Hanyang Chemical (PVC); Samsung Petrochemical (aromatics); Korea Steel Chemical (carbon black); Il Shin Chemical (film for agricultural use); Shinsung Chemical (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene); Shin-A Chemical (expanded polystyrene). Meanwhile, Daelim (Seoul) is negotiating on a project to build 70,000-m.t./year octanol and butanol plants at Zhenjiang, China, plus shore tanks for its ethylene and propylene exports at Zhangbei and Liu Jiang. Daelim officials will visit China againmore » in May.« less

Embedded WENO: A design strategy to improve existing WENO schemes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Lith, Bart S.; ten Thije Boonkkamp, Jan H. M.; IJzerman, Wilbert L.

2017-02-01

Embedded WENO methods utilise all adjacent smooth substencils to construct a desirable interpolation. Conventional WENO schemes under-use this possibility close to large gradients or discontinuities. We develop a general approach for constructing embedded versions of existing WENO schemes. Embedded methods based on the WENO schemes of Jiang and Shu [1] and on the WENO-Z scheme of Borges et al. [2] are explicitly constructed. Several possible choices are presented that result in either better spectral properties or a higher order of convergence for sufficiently smooth solutions. However, these improvements carry over to discontinuous solutions. The embedded methods are demonstrated to be indeed improvements over their standard counterparts by several numerical examples. All the embedded methods presented have no added computational effort compared to their standard counterparts.

Evaluation of the 1077 keV γ-ray emission probability from 68Ga decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Xiao-Long; Jiang, Li-Yang; Chen, Xiong-Jun; Chen, Guo-Chang

2014-04-01

68Ga decays to the excited states of 68Zn through the electron capture decay mode. New recommended values for the emission probability of 1077 keV γ-ray given by the ENSDF and DDEP databases all use data from absolute measurements. In 2011, JIANG Li-Yang deduced a new value for 1077 keV γ-ray emission probability by measuring the 69Ga(n,2n) 68Ga reaction cross section. The new value is about 20% lower than values obtained from previous absolute measurements and evaluations. In this paper, the discrepancies among the measurements and evaluations are analyzed carefully and the new values are re-recommended. Our recommended value for the emission probability of 1077 keV γ-ray is (2.72±0.16)%.

Data on fossil fuel availability for Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.

PubMed

Bauer, Nico; Hilaire, Jérôme; Brecha, Robert J; Edmonds, Jae; Jiang, Kejun; Kriegler, Elmar; Rogner, Hans-Holger; Sferra, Fabio

2017-02-01

The data files contain the assumptions and results for the construction of cumulative availability curves for coal, oil and gas for the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The files include the maximum availability (also known as cumulative extraction cost curves) and the assumptions that are applied to construct the SSPs. The data is differentiated into twenty regions. The resulting cumulative availability curves are plotted and the aggregate data as well as cumulative availability curves are compared across SSPs. The methodology, the data sources and the assumptions are documented in a related article (N. Bauer, J. Hilaire, R.J. Brecha, J. Edmonds, K. Jiang, E. Kriegler, H.-H. Rogner, F. Sferra, 2016) [1] under DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.088.

[Chemical forms and ecological effect of soil Mn in liver cancer's high incidence area in Zhu-jiang River Delta, China].

PubMed

Dou, Lei; Zhou, Yong-Zhang; Li, Yong; Ma, Jin; An, Yan-Fei; Du, Hai-Yan; Li, Zhan-Qiang

2008-06-01

The samples of surface soil, deep soil, and vegetables were collected from the liver cancer's high- and low incidence areas in Zhujiang River Delta to study the relationships between soil Mn forms and vegetables' Mn enrichment. The results showed that the soil Mn in study area was mainly derived from parent materials, and rarely come from human activities. The average soil Mn content in liver cancer's high incidence area was 577.65 mg x kg(-1), being significantly lower than that of liver cancer's low incidence area (718.04 mg x kg(-1)) and whole country (710 mg x kg(-1)). The Mn forms in high incidence area were mainly of residual Mn and Fe-Mn oxide, and less of water soluble Mn and exchangeable Mn, with the sum of the latter two's distribution coefficients being not higher than 4%. In low incidence area, the distribution pattern of soil Mn forms was similar to that in high incidence area, but the absolute contents of the Mn forms were significantly higher. Soil total Mn and soil pH had significant effects on soil Mn forms. There existed significant positive correlations between soil total Mn and the Mn forms of Fe-Mn bound, humic acid bound, carbonate bound, and residual, and negative correlations between soil pH and soil water soluble and organic bound Mn forms. Among the test five kinds of vegetables, Youmai lettuce and Chinese cabbage in liver cancer' s high incidence area had a significantly lower Mn content than in low incidence area, while the other three had less difference. The Mn enrichment in test vegetables was positively correlated with to the content of soil available Mn (sum of water soluble Mn and exchangeable Mn), but had no correlations with the contents of soil total Mn and other Mn forms.

Aged organic carbon exported from the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jin; Hilton, Robert; Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei; Densmore, Alexander; Gröcke, Darren; Xu, Xiaomei; Feng, Xiaojuan

2017-04-01

Erosion of particulate organic carbon from the terrestrial biosphere (POCbiosphere) and sedimentary rocks (POCpetro) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle across a range of timescales. Knowledge of the age of POCbiosphere is of first order importance. Discharge of young POCbiosphere (i.e. decades old) by rivers is an export of recent productivity which is not well captured in ecosystem carbon budgets. Older POCbiosphere (centuries to millennia in age) can be eroded from deeper soils. If this aged POCbiosphere is oxidised during river transport, it represents a source of CO2 to the modern atmosphere. Previous work on the major Himalayan rivers has identified old POCbiosphere sourced from high elevations in the Tibetan Plateau, yet its regional significance remains unclear. Here we attempt to quantify the source of POC and age of POCbiosphere carried by rivers draining the eastern margin of Tibet. Using suspended sediment samples from 6 river gauging stations in the Min Jiang from 2005 to 2012, we measured the elemental composition (%OC and %N) and carbon isotopes (12C, 13C, 14C). In contrast to many other rivers, we find that the POCpetro is characterized by a large range of stable carbon isotope ratios, ranging from -26.2‰ to -13.2‰Ṫhis mixes with POCbiosphere and sets the bulk isotopic and elemental geochemistry. Using the radiocarbon content and an end member mixing model, we estimate that the age of POCbiosphereranged from modern to over 3000 14C years. Data from the high elevation tributaries of the Min Jiang support the notion that aged POCbiosphere is supplied into rivers draining the Tibetan Plateau. The annual POCbiosphere yields are significant (from 0.2 to 3.1 tC km-2 yr-1) and are set by the frequency of intense runoff events. Overall, our study highlights the need to better quantify the age of POCbiosphere in rivers and its fate in the river system.

Relationship between Duration of Sleep and Hypertension in Adults: A Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Wang, Yan; Mei, Hao; Jiang, Yan-Rui; Sun, Wan-Qi; Song, Yuan-Jin; Liu, Shi-Jian; Jiang, Fan

2015-01-01

Objectives: Epidemiologic studies have shown that chronic short sleep may be associated with the development of hypertension; however, the results are controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the duration of sleep is associated with hypertension. Methods: Reference databases (PubMed, EmBase, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biological Medicine database) were searched for studies related to sleep duration and hypertension. Sleep duration categories (≤ 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, ≥ 9 h) and prevalence or incidence of hypertension in each sleep category were extracted. A general analysis and subgroup analyses stratified by gender, age, study design, and different definitions of sleep duration were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. Results: Thirteen articles out of a total of 1,628 articles involving 347,759 participants met the inclusion criteria. A U-shaped change in pooled odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension due to the change of sleep duration was observed. The unadjusted OR for hypertension of individuals who slept ≤ 5 h vs 7 h was 1.61, 95% CI = 1.28–2.02; those who slept ≥ 9 h vs 7 h was 1.29, 95% CI = 0.97–1.71. The pooled ORs were still significant after adjusted by age and gender. Women deprived of sleep (sleep time ≤ 5 h vs 7 h, OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.39–2.03) had a higher risk of hypertension than men (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.93–1.83). Conclusion: Excessively longer and shorter periods of sleep may both be risk factors for high blood pressure; these associations are stronger in women than men. Citation: Wang Y, Mei H, Jiang YR, Sun WQ, Song YJ, Liu SJ, Jiang F. Relationship between duration of sleep and hypertension in adults: a meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2015;11(9):1047–1056. PMID:25902823

New quantum cascade laser sources for sensing applications (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troccoli, Mariano

2017-05-01

In this presentation we will review our most recent results on development of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) for analytical and industrial applications. QCLs have demonstrated the capability to cover the entire range of Mid-IR, Far-IR, and THz wavelengths by skillful tuning of the material design and composition and by use of intrinsic material properties via a set of techniques collectively called "bandgap engineering". The use of MOCVD, pioneered on industrial scale by AdTech Optics, has enabled the deployment of QCL devices into a diverse range of environments and applications. QCLs can be tailored to the specific application requirements due to their unprecedented flexibility in design and thanks to the leveraging of well-known III-V fabrication technologies inherited from the NIR domain. Nevertheless, several applications and new frontiers in R and D need the constant support of new developments in device features, capabilities, and performances. We have developed a wide range of devices, from high power, high efficiency multi-mode sources, to narrow-band, single mode devices with low-power consumption, and from non-linear, multi-wavelength generating devices to broadband sources and multi-emitter arrays. All our devices are grown and processed using MOCVD technology and allow us to attain competitive performances across the whole mid-IR spectral range. This talk will present an overview of our current achievements. References 1. M. Troccoli, "High power emission and single mode operation of quantum cascade lasers for industrial applications", J. Sel. Topics in Quantum Electron., 21 (6), 1-7 (2015). Invited Review. 2. Seungyong Jung, Aiting Jiang, Yifan Jiang, Karun Vijayraghavan, Xiaojun Wang, Mariano Troccoli, and Mikhail A. Belkin, "Broadly Tunable Monolithic Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Sources", Nature Comm. 5, 4267 (2014).. 3. Mariano Troccoli, Arkadiy Lyakh, Jenyu Fan, Xiaojun Wang, Richard Maulini, Alexei G Tsekoun, Rowel Go, C Kumar N Patel, "Long

Edouard's (2014) Intensification: An Investigation of Precipitation and Thermodynamic Symmetrization Using a Cloud-Resolving Ensemble

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvey, G., III; Zipser, E. J.

2017-12-01

Literature over the past 10 years has provided conflicting views about the relative importance of precipitation symmetry and convective intensity for tropical cyclone intensification. While several modeling studies (Braun et al. 2006, Guimond et al. 2010, Molinari et al. 2013, Rogers et al. 2013, 2015) have favored intense deep convection, satellite-based composite studies, on the other hand, have offered a differing pathway towards tropical cyclone intensification emphasizing shallow to moderate precipitation (Zagrodnik and Jiang 2014, Tao and Jiang 2015, Alvey et al. 2015). This has left fundamental questions unanswered regarding the relationships between precipitation and TC intensity change: What are the dominant precipitation types, their spatial distributions, and the timing of these features with respect to intensification? And what causes precipitation to symmetrize and increase in the upshear quadrants? One potentially important process, the humidification of upshear quadrants, has been identified to occur nearly coincidental with increased precipitation symmetry prior to and during Edouard's (2014) intensification (Zawislak et al. 2016). While observations from the Global Hawk and P-3 provided important snapshots throughout the life cycle of Edouard (2014), numerical simulations complement and reveal, in more detail, the processes behind these relationships through filling an 48-hour airborne observational gap during a crucial period of intensification between 12-14 Sept. We use a high resolution, full physics ensemble of Edouard (2014) simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model - Advanced Research WRF (ARW; Skamarock et al., 2008). We deem the quantification of azimuthal variations — with a focus on the shear-relative quadrants — as particularly important, especially early in intensification when thermodynamic and precipitation distributions tend to be more asymmetric. Using a water vapor budget and trajectories we examine whether

Kinetic analysis of simultaneous denitrification and biomineralization of novel Acinetobacter sp. CN86.

PubMed

Su, Jun-Feng; Shi, Jing-Xin; Huang, Ting-Lin; Ma, Fang

2016-08-15

A novel aerobic denitrification and biomineralization strain CN86 was isolated from the Qu Jiang artificial lake. Based on phylogenetic characteristics, the isolated strain was identified as Acinetobacter species. Strain CN86 was confirmed to have the ability to perform simultaneous denitrification and biomineralization. Exponential decay equation was used for the matching of kinetic processes on denitrification and biomineralization. A highest nitrate removal rate was achieved at the pH7.0, organic concentration of 1.5g/L and temperature of 30°C. An optimal hardness removal rate was obtained at the pH9.0, organic concentration of 2.0g/L and temperature of 30°C. Strain CN86 is a suitable candidate for the simultaneous removal of nitrate and hardness in groundwater treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Constraints on voltage sensor movement in the shaker K+ channel.

PubMed

Darman, Rachel B; Ivy, Allison A; Ketty, Vina; Blaustein, Robert O

2006-12-01

In nerve and muscle cells, the voltage-gated opening and closing of cation-selective ion channels is accompanied by the translocation of 12-14 elementary charges across the membrane's electric field. Although most of these charges are carried by residues in the S4 helix of the gating module of these channels, the precise nature of their physical movement is currently the topic of spirited debate. Broadly speaking, two classes of models have emerged: those that suggest that small-scale motions can account for the extensive charge displacement, and those that invoke a much larger physical movement. In the most recent incarnation of the latter type of model, which is based on structural and functional data from the archaebacterial K(+) channel KvAP, a "voltage-sensor paddle" comprising a helix-turn-helix of S3-S4 translocates approximately 20 A through the bilayer during the gating cycle (Jiang, Y., A. Lee, J. Chen, V. Ruta, M. Cadene, B.T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon. 2003. Nature. 423:33-41; Jiang, Y., V. Ruta, J. Chen, A. Lee, and R. MacKinnon. 2003. Nature. 423:42-48.; Ruta, V., J. Chen, and R. MacKinnon. 2005. Cell. 123:463-475). We used two methods to test for analogous motions in the Shaker K(+) channel, each examining the aqueous exposure of residues near S3. In the first, we employed a pore-blocking maleimide reagent (Blaustein, R.O., P.A. Cole, C. Williams, and C. Miller. 2000. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7:309-311) to probe for state-dependent changes in the chemical reactivity of substituted cysteines; in the second, we tested the state-dependent accessibility of a tethered biotin to external streptavidin (Qiu, X.Q., K.S. Jakes, A. Finkelstein, and S.L. Slatin. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:7483-7488; Slatin, S.L., X.Q. Qiu, K.S. Jakes, and A. Finkelstein. 1994. Nature. 371:158-161). In both types of experiments, residues predicted to lie near the top of S3 did not exhibit any change in aqueous exposure during the gating cycle. This lack of state dependence argues against

P69 Using the NASA-Unified WRF to Assess the Impacts of Real-Time Vegetation on Simulations of Severe Weather

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Case, Jonathan L.; LaFontaine, Frank J.; Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.

2012-01-01

Since June 2010, the NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT; Goodman et al. 2004; Darden et al. 2010; Stano et al. 2012; Fuell et al. 2012) Center has been generating a real-time Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and corresponding Green Vegetation Fraction (GVF) composite based on reflectances from NASA s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. This dataset is generated at 0.01 resolution across the Continental United States (CONUS), and updated daily. The goal of producing such a vegetation dataset is to improve over the default climatological GVF dataset in land surface and numerical weather prediction models, in order to have better simulations of heat and moisture exchange between the land surface and the planetary boundary layer. Details on the SPoRT/MODIS vegetation composite algorithm are presented in Case et al. (2011). Vegetation indices such as GVF and Leaf Area Index (LAI) are used by land surface models (LSMs) to represent the horizontal and vertical density of plant vegetation (Gutman and Ignatov 1998), in order to calculate transpiration, interception and radiative shading. Both of these indices are related to the NDVI; however, there is an inherent ambiguity in determining GVF and LAI simultaneously from NDVI, as described in Gutman and Ignatov (1998). One practice is to specify the LAI while allowing the GVF to vary both spatially and temporally, as is done in the Noah LSM (Chen and Dudhia 2001; Ek et al. 2003). Operational versions of Noah within several of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global and regional modeling systems hold the LAI fixed, while the GVF varies according to a global monthly climatology. This GVF climatology was derived from NDVI data on the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) polar orbiting satellite, using information from 1985 to 1991 (Gutman and Ignatov 1998; Jiang et al. 2010). Representing data at the mid-point of every

The role of silica colloids on facilitated cesium transport through glass bead columns and modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noell, Alan L.; Thompson, Joseph L.; Corapcioglu, M. Yavuz; Triay, Inés R.

1998-05-01

Groundwater colloids can act as a vector which enhances the migration of contaminants. While sorbed to mobile colloids, contaminants can be held in the aqueous phase which prevents them from interacting with immobile aquifer surfaces. In this study, an idealized laboratory set-up was used to examine the influence of amorphous silica colloids on the transport of cesium. Synthetic groundwater and saturated glass bead columns were used to minimize the presence of natural colloidal material. The columns were assembled in replicate, some packed with 150-210 μm glass bead and others packed with 355-420 μm glass beads. The colloids used in these experiments were 100 nm amorphous silica colloids from Nissan Chemical Company. In the absence of these colloids, the retardation factor for cesium was 8.0 in the 150-210 μm glass bead columns and 3.6 in the 355-420 μm glass bead columns. The influence of anthropogenic colloids was tested by injecting 0.09 pore volume slugs of an equilibrated suspension of cesium and colloids into the colloid-free columns. Although there was little noticeable facilitation in the smaller glass bead columns, there was a slight reduction in the retardation of cesium in the larger glass bead columns. This was attributed to cesium having less of a retention time in the larger glass bead columns. When cesium was injected into columns with a constant flux of colloids, the retardation of cesium was reduced by 14-32% in the 150-210 μm glass bead columns and by 38-51% in the 355-420 μm glass bead columns. A model based on Corapcioglu and Jiang (1993) [Corapcioglu, M.Y., Jiang, S., 1993. Colloid-facilitated groundwater contaminant transport, Water Resour. Res., 29 (7) 2215-2226] was compared with the experimental elution data. When equilibrium sorption expressions were used and the flux of colloids through the glass bead columns was constant, the colloid facilitated transport of cesium was able to be described using an effective retardation coefficient

A Newly Designed Mobile-Based Computerized Cognitive Addiction Therapy App for the Improvement of Cognition Impairments and Risk Decision Making in Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Zhu, Youwei; Jiang, Haifeng; Su, Hang; Zhong, Na; Li, Runji; Li, Xiaotong; Chen, Tianzhen; Tan, Haoye; Du, Jiang; Xu, Ding; Yan, Huan; Xu, Dawen; Zhao, Min

2018-06-20

/NCT03318081 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03318081). ©Youwei Zhu, Haifeng Jiang, Hang Su, Na Zhong, Runji Li, Xiaotong Li, Tianzhen Chen, Haoye Tan, Jiang Du, Ding Xu, Huan Yan, Dawen Xu, Min Zhao. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 20.06.2018.

Do we know what difference a delay makes?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Risbey, James S.; Handel, Mark David; Stone, Peter H.

In our original comment [Risbey et al.., 1991] we argued that the work of Schlesinger and Jiang [1991a] is too limited to determine whether or not (as they put it) “the penalty is small for a 10-year delay in initiating the transition to a regime in which greenhouse-gas emissions are reduced.” In their reply, Schlesinger and Jiang [1991b] (hereafter S&J) presented their reasons for concluding definitively that the penalty is small. However S&J's discussion of the evidence and literature on climate change and greenhouse warming contains significant omissions and mis-statements.In dismissing our concern that their model was too simple to evaluate the possibility of abrupt climate change, S&J rely on results from coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs), in particular the work of Cubasch et al.. [1991]. Here S&J make two claims, one of which is incorrect and the other questionable. First, they claim that “the coupled atmosphere-ocean model of Cubasch et al. [1991] does allow the nonlinearities that Risbey et al.. [1991] criticize our simple model for not including.” In fact we explicitly mentioned changes in polar ice caps [Oerlemans and van der Veen, 1984] and release of methane from clathrates [MacDonald, 1990; Bell, 1982], neither of which are included in the model of Cubasch et al.. [1991]. Indeed, none of the published simulations of global warming using coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs include these effects. Nor do these models yet include in their enhanced greenhouse simulations many of the possible feedbacks involving the carbon cycle and biosphere [Lashof, 1989; Bacastow and Maier-Reimer, 1990; Sellers, 1987] that could significantly alter greenhouse gas concentrations and surface properties. The published simulations with these models do allow for some changes in deep ocean circulation and cloud behavior, but there is controversy over whether they correctly represent these processes [Marotzke, 1991; Mitchell, 1989; Cess, 1990]. In

A riddled basin escaping crisis and the universality in an integrate-and-fire circuit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Jun; He, Da-Ren; Xu, Xiu-Lian; Hu, Chin-Kun

2018-06-01

We investigate an integrate-and-fire model of an electronic relaxation oscillator, which can be described by the discontinuous and non-invertible composition of two mapping functions f1 and f2, with f1 being dissipative. Depending on a control parameter d, f2 can be conservative (for d =dc = 1) or dissipative (for d >dc). We find a kind of crisis, which is induced by the escape from a riddled-like attraction basin sea in the phase space. The averaged crisis transient lifetime (〈 τ 〉), the relative measure of the fat fractal forbidden network (η), and the measure of the escaping hole (Δ) show clear scaling behaviors: 〈 τ 〉 ∝(d -dc) - γ, η ∝(d -dc) σ, and Δ ∝(d -dc) α. Extending an argument by Jiang et al. (2004), we derive γ = σ + α, which agrees well with numerical simulation data.

Search-based optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wheeler, Ward C.

2003-01-01

The problem of determining the minimum cost hypothetical ancestral sequences for a given cladogram is known to be NP-complete (Wang and Jiang, 1994). Traditionally, point estimations of hypothetical ancestral sequences have been used to gain heuristic, upper bounds on cladogram cost. These include procedures with such diverse approaches as non-additive optimization of multiple sequence alignment, direct optimization (Wheeler, 1996), and fixed-state character optimization (Wheeler, 1999). A method is proposed here which, by extending fixed-state character optimization, replaces the estimation process with a search. This form of optimization examines a diversity of potential state solutions for cost-efficient hypothetical ancestral sequences and can result in greatly more parsimonious cladograms. Additionally, such an approach can be applied to other NP-complete phylogenetic optimization problems such as genomic break-point analysis. c2003 The Willi Hennig Society. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Quantum and classical dynamics of water dissociation on Ni(111): A test of the site-averaging model in dissociative chemisorption of polyatomic molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Bin; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026; Guo, Hua, E-mail: hguo@unm.edu

Recently, we reported the first highly accurate nine-dimensional global potential energy surface (PES) for water interacting with a rigid Ni(111) surface, built on a large number of density functional theory points [B. Jiang and H. Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 166101 (2015)]. Here, we investigate site-specific reaction probabilities on this PES using a quasi-seven-dimensional quantum dynamical model. It is shown that the site-specific reactivity is largely controlled by the topography of the PES instead of the barrier height alone, underscoring the importance of multidimensional dynamics. In addition, the full-dimensional dissociation probability is estimated by averaging fixed-site reaction probabilities with appropriatemore » weights. To validate this model and gain insights into the dynamics, additional quasi-classical trajectory calculations in both full and reduced dimensions have also been performed and important dynamical factors such as the steering effect are discussed.« less

The beam diagnostic instruments in Beijing radioactive ion-beam facilities isotope separator on-line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ma, Y., E-mail: yjma@ciae.ac.cn; Cui, B.; Ma, R.

The beam diagnostic instruments for Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facilities Isotope Separator On-Line are introduced [B. Q. Cui, Z. H. Peng, Y. J. Ma, R. G. Ma, B. Tang, T. Zhang, and W. S. Jiang, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 266, 4113 (2008); T. J. Zhang, X. L. Guan, and B. Q. Cui, in Proceedings of APAC 2004, Gyeongju, Korea, 2004, http://www.jacow.org , p. 267]. For low intensity ion beam [30–300 keV/1 pA–10 μA], the beam profile monitor, the emittance measurement unit, and the analyzing slit will be installed. For the primary proton beam [100 MeV/200 μA], the beam profile scanner will bemore » installed. For identification of the nuclide, a beam identification unit will be installed. The details of prototype of the beam diagnostic units and some experiment results will be described in this article.« less

Transfer of contextual cueing in full-icon display remapping.

PubMed

Shi, Zhuanghua; Zang, Xuelian; Jia, Lina; Geyer, Thomas; Müller, Hermann J

2013-02-25

Invariant spatial context can expedite visual search, an effect that is known as contextual cueing (e.g., Chun & Jiang, 1998). However, disrupting learned display configurations abolishes the effect. In current touch-based mobile devices, such as the iPad, icons are shuffled and remapped when the display mode is changed. However, such remapping also disrupts the spatial relationships between icons. This may hamper usability. In the present study, we examined the transfer of contextual cueing in four different methods of display remapping: position-order invariant, global rotation, local invariant, and central invariant. We used full-icon landscape mode for training and both landscape and portrait modes for testing, to check whether the cueing transfers to portrait mode. The results showed transfer of contextual cueing but only with the local invariant and the central invariant remapping methods. We take the results to mean that the predictability of target locations is a crucial factor for the transfer of contextual cueing and thus icon remapping design for mobile devices.

Visual search and contextual cueing: differential effects in 10-year-old children and adults.

PubMed

Couperus, Jane W; Hunt, Ruskin H; Nelson, Charles A; Thomas, Kathleen M

2011-02-01

The development of contextual cueing specifically in relation to attention was examined in two experiments. Adult and 10-year-old participants completed a context cueing visual search task (Jiang & Chun, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A(4), 1105-1124, 2001) containing stimuli presented in an attended (e.g., red) and unattended (e.g., green) color. When the spatial configuration of stimuli in the attended and unattended color was invariant and consistently paired with the target location, adult reaction times improved, demonstrating learning. Learning also occurred if only the attended stimuli's configuration remained fixed. In contrast, while 10 year olds, like adults, showed incrementally slower reaction times as the number of attended stimuli increased, they did not show learning in the standard paradigm. However, they did show learning when the ratio of attended to unattended stimuli was high, irrespective of the total number of attended stimuli. Findings suggest children show efficient attentional guidance by color in visual search but differences in contextual cueing.

Two (or three) is one too many: testing the flexibility of contextual cueing with multiple target locations.

PubMed

Zellin, Martina; Conci, Markus; von Mühlenen, Adrian; Müller, Hermann J

2011-10-01

Visual search for a target object is facilitated when the object is repeatedly presented within an invariant context of surrounding items ("contextual cueing"; Chun & Jiang, Cognitive Psychology, 36, 28-71, 1998). The present study investigated whether such invariant contexts can cue more than one target location. In a series of three experiments, we showed that contextual cueing is significantly reduced when invariant contexts are paired with two rather than one possible target location, whereas no contextual cueing occurs with three distinct target locations. Closer data inspection revealed that one "dominant" target always exhibited substantially more contextual cueing than did the other, "minor" target(s), which caused negative contextual-cueing effects. However, minor targets could benefit from the invariant context when they were spatially close to the dominant target. In sum, our experiments suggest that contextual cueing can guide visual attention to a spatially limited region of the display, only enhancing the detection of targets presented inside that region.

Exploiting Dragon Envisat Times Series and Other Earth Observation Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marie, Tiphanie; Lai, Xijun; Huber, Claire; Chen, Xiaoling; Uribe, Carlos; Huang, Shifeng; Lafaye, Murielle; Yesou, Herve

2010-10-01

Earth Observation data were used for mapping potential Schistosomiasis japonica distribution, within Poyang Lake (Jiangxi Province, PR China). In the first of two steps, areas suitable for the development of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma japonicum, were derived from submersion time parameters and vegetation community indicators. Y early maps from 2003 to 2008 indicate five principally potential endemic areas: Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve, Dalianzi Hu, Gan Delta, Po Jiang and Xi He. Monthly maps showing the annual dynamic of potential O. hupensis presence areas were obtained from December 2005 to December 2008. In a second step human potential transmission risk was handled through the mapping of settlements and the identification of some human activities. The urban areas and settlements were mapped all around the lake and fishing net locations in the central part of Poyang Lake were identified. Finally, data crossing of the different parameters highlight the potential risk of transmission in most of the fishing nets areas.

An improved Armstrong-Frederick-Type Plasticity Model for Stable Cyclic Stress-Strain Responses Considering Nonproportional Hardening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jing; Zhang, Zhong-ping; Li, Chun-wang

2018-03-01

This paper modified an Armstrong-Frederick-type plasticity model for investigating the stable cyclic deformation behavior of metallic materials with different sensitivity to nonproportional loadings. In the modified model, the nonproportionality factor and nonproportional cyclic hardening coefficient coupled with the Jiang-Sehitoglu incremental plasticity model were used to estimate the stable stress-strain responses of the two materials (1045HR steel and 304 stainless steel) under various tension-torsion strain paths. A new equation was proposed to calculate the nonproportionality factor on the basis of the minimum normal strain range. Procedures to determine the minimum normal strain range were presented for general multiaxial loadings. Then, the modified model requires only the cyclic strain hardening exponent and cyclic strength coefficient to determine the material constants. It is convenient for predicting the stable stress-strain responses of materials in engineering application. Comparisons showed that the modified model can reflect the effect of nonproportional cyclic hardening well.

Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation

DOE PAGES

Lin, Shi -Zeng

2016-07-05

Motivated by the recent experimental observations on the skyrmion creation by cutting chiral stripe domains under a current drive [Jiang et al., Science 349, 283 (2015)], we study the mechanism of skyrmion generation by simulating the dynamics of stripe domains. Our theory for skyrmion generation is based on the fact that there are two half skyrmions attached to the ends of a stripe domain. These half skyrmions move due to the coupling between the skyrmion topological charge and current. As a consequence, the stripe domain is bent or stretched depending on the direction of motion of the half skyrmions. Formore » a large current, skyrmions are created by chopping the stripe domains via strong bending or stretching. Our theory provides an explanation to the experiments and is supported by the new experiments. Moreover, we predict that skyrmions can also be generated using a Bloch stripe domain under a spin transfer torque which can be realized in B20 compounds.« less

Directional selectivity of afferent neurons in zebrafish neuromasts is regulated by Emx2 in presynaptic hair cells

PubMed Central

Ji, Young Rae; Warrier, Sunita; Jiang, Tao

2018-01-01

The orientation of hair bundles on top of sensory hair cells (HCs) in neuromasts of the lateral line system allows fish to detect direction of water flow. Each neuromast shows hair bundles arranged in two opposing directions and each afferent neuron innervates only HCs of the same orientation. Previously, we showed that this opposition is established by expression of Emx2 in half of the HCs, where it mediates hair bundle reversal (Jiang et al., 2017). Here, we show that Emx2 also regulates neuronal selection: afferent neurons innervate either Emx2-positive or negative HCs. In emx2 knockout and gain-of-function neuromasts, all HCs are unidirectional and the innervation patterns and physiological responses of the afferent neurons are dependent on the presence or absence of Emx2. Our results indicate that Emx2 mediates the directional selectivity of neuromasts by two distinct processes: regulating hair bundle orientation in HCs and selecting afferent neuronal targets. PMID:29671737

Introducing Upfront Money Can Decrease Discounting in Intertemporal Choices with Losses

PubMed Central

Jiang, Cheng-Ming; Sun, Hong-Yue; Zheng, Sheng-Hua; Wang, Liang-Jun; Qin, Yu

2016-01-01

People generally tend to advance gains and postpone losses in intertemporal choice. Jiang et al. (2014) recently showed that adding upfront losses or gains to both smaller and sooner (SS) and larger and later (LL) rewards can decrease people’s discounting. To account for this decrease, they proposed the salience hypothesis, which states that introducing upfront losses or gains makes the money dimension more salient than not, thus increasing people’s preference for LL rewards. Considering that decreasing the discounting of delayed losses is imperative and that most previous studies have focused on intertemporal choices with gains, in the current paper we conducted two experiments and used hypothetical money outcomes to examine whether the effect of upfront money could be extended to intertemporal choices with losses. The results showed that when both SS and LL intertemporal losses were combined with an upfront loss or gain, people’s discounting rate decreased and the preference for the SS option increased. This finding further supports the salience account. PMID:27597839

Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Shi -Zeng

Motivated by the recent experimental observations on the skyrmion creation by cutting chiral stripe domains under a current drive [Jiang et al., Science 349, 283 (2015)], we study the mechanism of skyrmion generation by simulating the dynamics of stripe domains. Our theory for skyrmion generation is based on the fact that there are two half skyrmions attached to the ends of a stripe domain. These half skyrmions move due to the coupling between the skyrmion topological charge and current. As a consequence, the stripe domain is bent or stretched depending on the direction of motion of the half skyrmions. Formore » a large current, skyrmions are created by chopping the stripe domains via strong bending or stretching. Our theory provides an explanation to the experiments and is supported by the new experiments. Moreover, we predict that skyrmions can also be generated using a Bloch stripe domain under a spin transfer torque which can be realized in B20 compounds.« less

Fitting of full Cobb-Douglas and full VRTS cost frontiers by solving goal programming problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venkateswarlu, B.; Mahaboob, B.; Subbarami Reddy, C.; Madhusudhana Rao, B.

2017-11-01

The present research article first defines two popular production functions viz, Cobb-Douglas and VRTS production frontiers and their dual cost functions and then derives their cost limited maximal outputs. This paper tells us that the cost limited maximal output is cost efficient. Here the one side goal programming problem is proposed by which the full Cobb-Douglas cost frontier, full VRTS frontier can be fitted. This paper includes the framing of goal programming by which stochastic cost frontier and stochastic VRTS frontiers are fitted. Hasan et al. [1] used a parameter approach Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) to examine the technical efficiency of the Malaysian domestic banks listed in the Kuala Lumpur stock Exchange (KLSE) market over the period 2005-2010. AshkanHassani [2] exposed Cobb-Douglas Production Functions application in construction schedule crashing and project risk analysis related to the duration of construction projects. Nan Jiang [3] applied Stochastic Frontier analysis to a panel of New Zealand dairy forms in 1998/99-2006/2007.

Introducing Upfront Money Can Decrease Discounting in Intertemporal Choices with Losses.

PubMed

Jiang, Cheng-Ming; Sun, Hong-Yue; Zheng, Sheng-Hua; Wang, Liang-Jun; Qin, Yu

2016-01-01

People generally tend to advance gains and postpone losses in intertemporal choice. Jiang et al. (2014) recently showed that adding upfront losses or gains to both smaller and sooner (SS) and larger and later (LL) rewards can decrease people's discounting. To account for this decrease, they proposed the salience hypothesis, which states that introducing upfront losses or gains makes the money dimension more salient than not, thus increasing people's preference for LL rewards. Considering that decreasing the discounting of delayed losses is imperative and that most previous studies have focused on intertemporal choices with gains, in the current paper we conducted two experiments and used hypothetical money outcomes to examine whether the effect of upfront money could be extended to intertemporal choices with losses. The results showed that when both SS and LL intertemporal losses were combined with an upfront loss or gain, people's discounting rate decreased and the preference for the SS option increased. This finding further supports the salience account.

12 May 2008 M = 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Toda, S.; Lin, J.; Meghraoui, M.; Stein, R.S.

2008-01-01

The Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan fault zone devastated cities of Sichuan, claiming at least 69,000 lives. We calculate that the earthquake also brought the Xianshuihe, Kunlun and Min Jiang faults 150-400 km from the mainshock rupture in the eastern Tibetan Plateau 0.2-0.5 bars closer to Coulomb failure. Because some portions of these stressed faults have not ruptured in more than a century, the earthquake could trigger or hasten additional M > 7 earthquakes, potentially subjecting regions from Kangding to Daofu and Maqin to Rangtag to strong shaking. We use the calculated stress changes and the observed background seismicity to forecast the rate and distribution of damaging shocks. The earthquake probability in the region is estimated to be 57-71% for M ??? 6 shocks during the next decade, and 8-12% for M ??? 7 shocks. These are up to twice the probabilities for the decade before the Wenchuan earthquake struck. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.

Constraints on Voltage Sensor Movement in the Shaker K+ Channel

PubMed Central

Darman, Rachel B.; Ivy, Allison A.; Ketty, Vina; Blaustein, Robert O.

2006-01-01

In nerve and muscle cells, the voltage-gated opening and closing of cation-selective ion channels is accompanied by the translocation of 12–14 elementary charges across the membrane's electric field. Although most of these charges are carried by residues in the S4 helix of the gating module of these channels, the precise nature of their physical movement is currently the topic of spirited debate. Broadly speaking, two classes of models have emerged: those that suggest that small-scale motions can account for the extensive charge displacement, and those that invoke a much larger physical movement. In the most recent incarnation of the latter type of model, which is based on structural and functional data from the archaebacterial K+ channel KvAP, a “voltage-sensor paddle” comprising a helix-turn-helix of S3–S4 translocates ∼20 Å through the bilayer during the gating cycle (Jiang, Y., A. Lee, J. Chen, V. Ruta, M. Cadene, B.T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon. 2003. Nature. 423:33–41; Jiang, Y., V. Ruta, J. Chen, A. Lee, and R. MacKinnon. 2003. Nature. 423:42–48.; Ruta, V., J. Chen, and R. MacKinnon. 2005. Cell. 123:463–475). We used two methods to test for analogous motions in the Shaker K+ channel, each examining the aqueous exposure of residues near S3. In the first, we employed a pore-blocking maleimide reagent (Blaustein, R.O., P.A. Cole, C. Williams, and C. Miller. 2000. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7:309–311) to probe for state-dependent changes in the chemical reactivity of substituted cysteines; in the second, we tested the state-dependent accessibility of a tethered biotin to external streptavidin (Qiu, X.Q., K.S. Jakes, A. Finkelstein, and S.L. Slatin. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:7483–7488; Slatin, S.L., X.Q. Qiu, K.S. Jakes, and A. Finkelstein. 1994. Nature. 371:158–161). In both types of experiments, residues predicted to lie near the top of S3 did not exhibit any change in aqueous exposure during the gating cycle. This lack of state dependence argues

Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment.

PubMed

Tong, Juan; Chen, Yinguang

2009-07-01

In previous publications we reported that by controlling the pH at 10.0 the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) during waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation was remarkably improved [Yuan, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, H., Jiang, S., Zhou, Q., Gu, G., 2006. Improved bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge under alkaline conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 2025-2029], but significant ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)-N) and soluble ortho-phosphorus (SOP) were released [Chen, Y., Jiang, S., Yuan, H., Zhou, Q., Gu, G., 2007. Hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge at different pHs. Water Res. 41, 683-689]. This paper investigated the simultaneous recovery of NH(4)-N and SOP from WAS alkaline fermentation liquid and the application of the fermentation liquid as an additional carbon source for municipal wastewater biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize and model the simultaneous NH(4)-N and SOP recovery from WAS alkaline fermentation liquid. Under the optimum conditions, the predicted and experimental recovery efficiency was respectively 73.4 and 75.7% with NH(4)-N, and 82.0 and 83.2% with SOP, which suggested that the developed models described the experiments well. After NH(4)-N and SOP recovery, the alkaline fermentation liquid was added to municipal wastewater, and the influence of volume ratio of fermentation liquid to municipal wastewater (FL/MW) on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated. The addition of fermentation liquid didn't significantly affect nitrification. Both SOP and total nitrogen (TN) removal were increased with fermentation liquid, but there was no significant increase at FL/MW greater than 1/35. Compared to the blank test, the removal efficiency of SOP and TN at FL/MW=1/35 was improved from 44.0 to 92.9%, and 63.3 to 83.2%, respectively. The enhancement of phosphorus and nitrogen

The feature of the focal mechanism solutions and tectonic stress field around the focus of Zaduo earthquake (Ms 6.3) in eastern Tibet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Shuang, X.; Li, X.

2017-12-01

On 17th October, 2016, an earthquake of Ms6.3 occurred in Zaduo County, Qinghai Province (32.9°N, 95.0°E), 159 km away from the epicenter of Yushu Ms7.3 earthquake in 2011. The earthquake is located in the eastern Tibet Plateau and the north region of Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. Using the broadband seismic waveform data form regional networks, we determined the focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of 83 earthquakes (M>3.5) occurred in Zaduo and its adjacent areas from 2009 to 2017. We also collected another 63 published FMSs and then inversed the current tectonic stress field in study region using the damped linear inversion method. The results show that the Zaduo earthquake is a normal oblique earthquake. The FMSs in our study region are mainly in strike-slip and normal fault patterns. The strike-slip earthquakes are mainly distributed in Yushu-Ganzi, Zaduo and Yanshiping fault zones, and the normal faulting events occurred in Nu Jiang fault zone and Nierong County and its vicinity, the south and southwest of the study areas. The tectonic stress field results indicate that the stress distribution in the north and east of the study region changes homogeneously and slowly. From west to east, the σ1 gradually changes from NNE to NE direction, and the σ3 varies from NWW to NW direction. Both the maximum (σ1) and minimum (σ3) principal stress axes in the study area are nearly horizontal, except in the Nu Jiang fault zone and its vicinity, the south of the study area, which is in a normal faulting stress regime (σ1 is vertical and σ3 is horizontal). The localized normal faulting stress field in the south area, which is almost limited in a semicircle, indicates that a high pressure and low viscosity body with low S-wave velocity and high conductivity might exists beneath the anomaly area. And there may be another semicircle abnormal area beyond the south of the study region. Waveform data for this study are provided by Data Management Centre of China National Seismic

[Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of 15 Rhododendron cultivars].

PubMed

Shen, Hui Fei; Zhao, Bing; Xu, Jing Jing

2016-12-01

In this study, 17 anatomical structure indexes of 15 Rhododendron cultivars were mea-sured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Leaf anatomical structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation, analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation on heat resistance for each cultivar was conducted by the subordinate function. The results showed that the leaves of Rhododendron cultivars were typical bifacial leaf and the epidermal anticlinal walls showed slightly sinuate. The stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis and the shape was ruleless. The anatomical structure indexes all reached a significant level difference among 15 cultivars (P<0.01), except for lower epidermis thickness (P<0.05). Thickness of lamina corneum, stomatal density, stomatal width, the thickness palisade tissue and looseness of leaf spongy tissue were the main factors related to the hardness, while other indexes, such as stomatal length, stoma aperture, stomatal opening, length and thickness of upper epidermis, length and thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of spongy tissue, the ratio of the palisade tissue to spongy tissue, tightness of leaf palisade tissue, leaf thickness and media thickness didn't show much effect on heat resistance. There were some differences among 15 cultivars in heat resistance, and the order was Rhododendron 'Song Jiang Da Tao Hong' > Rhododendron 'Zhuang Yuan Hong' > Rhododendron 'Lv Se Guang Hui' > Rhododendron 'Fen Zhen Zhu' > Rhododendron 'Wai Guo Hong' > Rhododendron 'Lan Yin' > Rhododendron 'Bi Zhi' >Rhododendron 'Da He Zhi Chun' > Rhododendron 'Guo Qi Hong' > Rhododendron 'Yu Ling Long' > Rhododendron 'Hong Shan Hu' > Rhododendron 'Ning Bo Hong' > Rhododendron 'Tao Ban Zhu Sha' > Rhododendron 'Ai Ding Bao' > Rhododendron 'Liu Qiu Hong'. According to the heat hardiness, the cultivars could be divided into 4 groups: R. 'Song Jiang Da Tao Hong', R. 'Zhuang Yuan Hong' and R. 'Lv Se Guang Hui' with high heat

Violence Against Women: Injuries and Deaths in Rhode Island Yongwen Jiang, PhD; Deborah Debare, MMHS; Lynne-Marie Shea, BA; Samara Viner-Brown, MS.

PubMed

Jiang, Yongwen; DeBare, Deborah; Shea, Lynne-Marie; Viner-Brown, Samara

2017-12-01

Violence against women is a public health issue. Monitoring assault-related injury and homicide death among women is imperative for understanding this public health issue. We used data from the 2014 Rhode Island emergency department (ED), hospital discharge (HD), and 2004-2014 Rhode Island violent death reporting system (RIVDRS) to provide a broad picture for violence against women injuries and deaths in Rhode Island. ED visit and HD data show that the majority of female assault injuries occurred among women aged 25-44, resided in the core cities, and had public insurance. RIVDRS data showed that over half of the homicides among women were aged 25-64; nearly two in five were non-Hispanic black or Hispanic. Precipitating circumstances include intimate partner violence, a preceding argument or a conflict, and precipitated by another crime. Evidence-informed interventions need to target high-risk populations and urban areas to effectively reduce violence against women. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2017-12.asp].

Cloning and characterization of the SERK1 gene in triploid Pingyi Tiancha [Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. var. pingyiensis Jiang] and a tetraploid hybrid strain.

PubMed

Zhang, L J; Dong, W X; Guo, S M; Wang, Y X; Wang, A D; Lu, X J

2015-11-19

This study aims to explore the roles of somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK) in Malus hupehensis (Pingyi Tiancha). The full-length sequences of SERK1 in triploid Pingyi Tiancha (3n) and a tetraploid hybrid strain 33# (4n) were cloned, sequenced, and designated as MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1, respectively. Multiple alignments of amino acid sequences were conducted to identify similarity between MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 and SERK sequences in other species, and a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed to elucidate their phylogenetic relations. Expression levels of MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 in different tissues and developmental stages were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The coding sequence lengths of MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 were 1899 bp (encoding 632 amino acids) and 1881 bp (encoding 626 amino acids), respectively. Sequence analysis demonstrated that MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 display high similarity to SERKs in other species, with a conserved intron/exon structure that is unique to members of the SERK family. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree showed that MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 clustered with orange CitSERK (93%). Furthermore, MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 were mainly expressed in the reproductive organs, in particular the ovary. Their expression levels were highest in young flowers and they differed among different tissues and organs. Our results suggest that MhSERK1 and MhdSERK1 are related to plant reproduction, and that MhSERK1 is related to apomixis in triploid Pingyi Tiancha.

Contextual cueing in multiconjunction visual search is dependent on color- and configuration-based intertrial contingencies.

PubMed

Geyer, Thomas; Shi, Zhuanghua; Müller, Hermann J

2010-06-01

Three experiments examined memory-based guidance of visual search using a modified version of the contextual-cueing paradigm (Jiang & Chun, 2001). The target, if present, was a conjunction of color and orientation, with target (and distractor) features randomly varying across trials (multiconjunction search). Under these conditions, reaction times (RTs) were faster when all items in the display appeared at predictive ("old") relative to nonpredictive ("new") locations. However, this RT benefit was smaller compared to when only one set of items, namely that sharing the target's color (but not that in the alternative color) appeared in predictive arrangement. In all conditions, contextual cueing was reliable on both target-present and -absent trials and enhanced if a predictive display was preceded by a predictive (though differently arranged) display, rather than a nonpredictive display. These results suggest that (1) contextual cueing is confined to color subsets of items, that (2) retrieving contextual associations for one color subset of items can be impeded by associations formed within the alternative subset ("contextual interference"), and (3) that contextual cueing is modulated by intertrial priming.

Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy Studies of Ferromagnet - Semiconductor Interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mather, P. G.; Perrella, A. C.; Yurtsever, A.; Buhrman, R. A.

2004-03-01

Devices that employ spin as well as charge effects have been the subjects of extensive study recently. The magnetic tunneling transistor (1) is one important device that demonstrates an electrical means of injecting spin-polarized electrons into a semiconductor. A Schottky barrier lies at the heart of the device, and a high quality spatially homogenous and uniform barrier formed on GaAs is highly desirable. We have used ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) to study CoFe, Fe and permalloy deposited on a GaAs substrate to give nanometer resolved evaluation of hot electron transport through the films and across the Schottky barrier. All films give a homogenous, uniform barrier as compared with evaporated Au/GaAs and Ag/GaAs interfaces. We will report on BEEM measurements of the hot electron transfer ratio across the Schottky barrier for the different ferromagnetic materials, and on the energy and spin-dependent hot electron attenuation lengths of the CoFe, Fe, and permalloy films. (1) Sebastiaan van Dijken, Xin Jiang, Stuart S. P. Parkin, APL, 80, 3364.

Properties of melt-spun Co15Fe5Cu80, a bulk granular magnetic solid (abstract)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubenstein, M.; Das, B. N.; Koon, N. C.

1993-05-01

We have investigated the magnetic and transport properties of melt-spun Co15Fe5Cu80 as a function of heat treatment. Recently Xiao, Jiang, and Chien1 reported clustering and giant magnetoresistance in thin films of related alloys prepared by sputtering. We report qualitatively similar phenomena in these rapidly quenched ribbons. The unannealed samples exhibited saturation magnetoresistance of 0.2%. Annealing at 500 °C for 15 min in hydrogen increases the room temperature for magnetoresistance to 3%, and lowering the temperature to 77 K increased the magnetoresistance to 12.6%. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements at 35 GHz were also made. At room temperature the unannealed sample displayed a very broad resonance centered at 10 kG, consistent with a broad distribution of single domain particles of roughly spherical shape and an overall global magnetization 4πM=3.5 kOe. As the annealing temperature increases, the single domain particles with an inhomogeneous linewidth of ˜2 kOe grow into multidomain particles with a linewidth of ˜6 kOe.

Task effects, performance levels, features, configurations, and holistic face processing: A reply to Rossion

PubMed Central

Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Wolff, Brian S.

2009-01-01

Summary A recent article in Acta Psychologica (“Picture-plane inversion leads to qualitative changes of face perception” by B. Rossion, 2008) criticized several aspects of an earlier paper of ours (Riesenhuber et al., “Face processing in humans is compatible with a simple shape-based model of vision”, Proc Biol Sci, 2004). We here address Rossion’s criticisms and correct some misunderstandings. To frame the discussion, we first review our previously presented computational model of face recognition in cortex (Jiang et al., “Evaluation of a shape-based model of human face discrimination using fMRI and behavioral techniques”, Neuron, 2006) that provides a concrete biologically plausible computational substrate for holistic coding, namely a neural representation learned for upright faces, in the spirit of the original simple-to-complex hierarchical model of vision by Hubel and Wiesel. We show that Rossion’s and others’ data support the model, and that there is actually a convergence of views on the mechanisms underlying face recognition, in particular regarding holistic processing. PMID:19665104

A simple algorithm to improve the performance of the WENO scheme on non-uniform grids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Wen-Feng; Ren, Yu-Xin; Jiang, Xiong

2018-02-01

This paper presents a simple approach for improving the performance of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite volume scheme on non-uniform grids. This technique relies on the reformulation of the fifth-order WENO-JS (WENO scheme presented by Jiang and Shu in J. Comput. Phys. 126:202-228, 1995) scheme designed on uniform grids in terms of one cell-averaged value and its left and/or right interfacial values of the dependent variable. The effect of grid non-uniformity is taken into consideration by a proper interpolation of the interfacial values. On non-uniform grids, the proposed scheme is much more accurate than the original WENO-JS scheme, which was designed for uniform grids. When the grid is uniform, the resulting scheme reduces to the original WENO-JS scheme. In the meantime, the proposed scheme is computationally much more efficient than the fifth-order WENO scheme designed specifically for the non-uniform grids. A number of numerical test cases are simulated to verify the performance of the present scheme.

Analysis and improvement of the quantum image matching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, Yijie; Jiang, Nan; Hu, Hao; Zhang, Wenyin

2017-11-01

We investigate the quantum image matching algorithm proposed by Jiang et al. (Quantum Inf Process 15(9):3543-3572, 2016). Although the complexity of this algorithm is much better than the classical exhaustive algorithm, there may be an error in it: After matching the area between two images, only the pixel at the upper left corner of the matched area played part in following steps. That is to say, the paper only matched one pixel, instead of an area. If more than one pixels in the big image are the same as the one at the upper left corner of the small image, the algorithm will randomly measure one of them, which causes the error. In this paper, an improved version is presented which takes full advantage of the whole matched area to locate a small image in a big image. The theoretical analysis indicates that the network complexity is higher than the previous algorithm, but it is still far lower than the classical algorithm. Hence, this algorithm is still efficient.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene (GLB1) from Malus hupehensis Rehd. with heterologous expression in tomato.

PubMed

Shi, Xingzheng; Wang, Xinliang; Peng, Futian; Zhao, Yu

2012-08-01

Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins (nsHbs) are involved in a variety of cellular processes in plants. Previous studies indicate that nsHb expression improves plant tolerance during waterlogging and hypoxia. In the present work, the nsHb class-1 coding sequence was cloned from Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang and subsequently named MhGLB1. The results elucidated the expressed characteristics and physiological effects of MhGLB1. The full-length cDNA contained a 477 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 17.8 KDa with 158 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that MhGLB1 expresses in roots, stems and leaves growing under normal and nitrate-induced conditions. Hypoxic stress induced accumulation of MhGLB1 within 12 h, and abscisic acid significantly induced expression of MhGLB1 in roots. The photosynthetic, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates of transgenic MhGLB1 tomato plants decreased more slowly than that of wild-type plants under waterlogging treatment. These results indicated that the MhGLB1 gene has an important role in hypoxia.

Isolation of a reovirus from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Oregon, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Winton, J.R.; Arakawa, C.N.; Lannan, C.N.; Fryer, J.L.

1989-01-01

Reoviruses isolated from aquatic animals share certain common characteristics: (1) a typical reovirus-like morphology which shows an icosahedral particle with a double capsid that is approximately 75 nm in diameter; (2) a genome with eleven segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) distributed as three large, three medium and five small segments with a total molecular weight of approximately 15 x 106; (3) a virion composed of five major and several minor structural proteins that range in molecular weight from 32,000 to 137,000; and (4) form plaque-like syncytia in monolayer cultures of fish cells. Intact virus particles have buoyant densities in CsCl of 1.34 to 1.36 g/ml. The viruses have been isolated from fish and shellfish collected in both the marine and freshwater environments and will replicate in several fish cell lines (Plumb et al., 1979; Meyers and Hirai, 1980; Winton et al., 1981; Nagabayashi and Mori, 1983; Hedrick et al., 1984; Chen and Jiang, 1984). The original four aquatic reovirus isolates have been compared by Winton et al., 1987.

A new understanding of inert gas narcosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Zhang; Yi, Gao; Haiping, Fang

2016-01-01

Anesthetics are extremely important in modern surgery to greatly reduce the patient’s pain. The understanding of anesthesia at molecular level is the preliminary step for the application of anesthetics in clinic safely and effectively. Inert gases, with low chemical activity, have been found to cause anesthesia for centuries, but the mechanism is unclear yet. In this review, we first summarize the progress of theories about general anesthesia, especially for inert gas narcosis, and then propose a new hypothesis that the aggregated rather than the dispersed inert gas molecules are the key to trigger the narcosis to explain the steep dose-response relationship of anesthesia. Project supported by the Supercomputing Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China, the Shanghai Supercomputer Center, China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21273268, 11290164, and 11175230), the Startup Funding from Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y290011011), “Hundred People Project” from Chinese Academy of Sciences, and “Pu-jiang Rencai Project” from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (Grant No. 13PJ1410400).

Does Eating Chicken Feet With Pickled Peppers Cause Avian Influenza? Observational Case Study on Chinese Social Media During the Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Outbreak.

PubMed

Chen, Bin; Shao, Jian; Liu, Kui; Cai, Gaofeng; Jiang, Zhenggang; Huang, Yuru; Gu, Hua; Jiang, Jianmin

2018-03-29

social media. Our findings suggested the importance of responding to common questions and misconceptions on social media platforms from the beginning of disease outbreaks. Authorities need to release clear and reliable information related to the popular topics early on. The microbloggers posting correct information should be empowered and their posts could be promoted to clarify false information. Equal importance should be attached to clarify misinformation in both the outbreak and nonoutbreak areas. ©Bin Chen, Jian Shao, Kui Liu, Gaofeng Cai, Zhenggang Jiang, Yuru Huang, Hua Gu, Jianmin Jiang. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 29.03.2018.

Towards a TWSTFT network time transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Z.

2008-12-01

TWSTFT (Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TW hereafter) is a major technique used in TAI (International Atomic Time) generation. More than two-thirds of TAI clocks and almost all the primary frequency standards are transferred using TW. Up to now, the only geometry in TAI time transfer is single-link. However, the TAI TW time transfer data are highly redundant. In general, for an N-point network, there are N(N - 1)/2 independently measured links. Among them, only N - 1 will be used. We then have (N2 - 3N + 2)/2 redundant links. As a function of N, the redundant measurements increase quickly (cf figure 1 and table 1). At present, for the European-American network N = 13, but only 12 out of a total of 78 measured links are used in TAI. For the Asia-Pacific regions, N = 8. Full use of the high redundancy is an effective way to improve TAI without new cost. The sum of three TW links that form a closed triangle is the triangle closure. Theoretically a closure is expected to be zero if there are no measurement errors, namely the triangle closure condition. A non-zero closure is a true error and an index of the time link quality. A redundant link sets a geometric constraint. There are (N2 - 3N + 2)/2 independent conditions in a network. In 2006, Jiang and Petit (Proc. EFTF 2006 pp 468-75) proposed a mathematical model to adjust the closures to zero by global network processing. In consequence, time transfer between any two points through any link(s) in the network gives exactly the same result with the same uncertainty. This is the so-called network time transfer. In this paper, the author introduces his recent works on completing the network model by adding the calibration, the uncertainty estimation and the quality assessment using GPS PPP (time transfer by precise point positioning (PPP hereafter)) (Kouba and Héroux 2001 GPS Solut. 5 12-28, Ray and Senior 2005 Metrologia 42 215-32, Orgiazzi et al 2005 Proc. IEEE FCS 2005 pp 337-45, Defraigne et al 2007

Source and distribution of sedimentary thallium in the Bohai Sea: Implications for hydrodynamic forces and anthropogenic impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Ningjing; Liu, Jihua; Shi, Xuefa

2015-04-01

Source and distribution of sedimentary thallium in the Bohai Sea: Implications for hydrodynamic forces and anthropogenic impact Hu Ningjing, Liu Jihua, Shi Xuefa First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China Thallium (Tl), a non-essential and highly toxic trace metal, is listed as priority toxic pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (Keith and Telliard, 1979). However, its geochemical cycling in aquatic environment has received far less attention than that of many other trace metals. This has been attributed to relatively little commercial interest in Tl and, until recently, problems inherent in its detection at environmental concentrations (Meeravali and Jiang, 2008). In this study, we investigated the sources, distribution and fate of Tl in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea (BS), China, based on the datasets of total Tl and chemical speciation of Tl of 408 surface sediment samples in the total entire BS. The enrichment factors and chemical speciation of Tl indicated that Tl in BS was dominated by natural Tl, although anthropogenic Tl contamination was observed in the Liuguhe River mouth; the mud deposits are the sinks of Tl and the regional currents and tide systems play a key role on the accumulation of Tl in BS. The distribution of Tl consistent with that of MnO and Fe2O3 as well as the level of Fe-Mn fraction is relatively high, indicating MnO and Fe2O3 influence the geochemical behaviors of Tl in the BS. Although the positive correlation between Tl and TOC is observed for the samples in the BS, however, level of Tl in oxidizable faction could be neglected, suggesting TOC might not be a major factor affecting the concentration of Tl in BS. The low proportion of Tl in the non-residual fraction dominated by the Fe-Mn oxides suggested that the labile Tl was controlled by the Fe-Mn oxides and Tl has a low bioavailability and a minor potential threat to biota in BS. Acknowledgements: this work

Semantic contextual cuing and visual attention.

PubMed

Goujon, Annabelle; Didierjean, André; Marmèche, Evelyne

2009-02-01

Since M. M. Chun and Y. Jiang's (1998) original study, a large body of research based on the contextual cuing paradigm has shown that the visuocognitive system is capable of capturing certain regularities in the environment in an implicit way. The present study investigated whether regularities based on the semantic category membership of the context can be learned implicitly and whether that learning depends on attention. The contextual cuing paradigm was used with lexical displays in which the semantic category of the contextual words either did or did not predict the target location. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that implicit contextual cuing effects can be extended to semantic category regularities. Experiments 3 and 4 indicated an implicit contextual cuing effect when the predictive context appeared in an attended color but not when the predictive context appeared in an ignored color. However, when the previously ignored context suddenly became attended, it immediately facilitated performance. In contrast, when the previously attended context suddenly became ignored, no benefit was observed. Results suggest that the expression of implicit semantic knowledge depends on attention but that latent learning can nevertheless take place outside the attentional field. Copyright 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Formality of the Chinese collective leadership.

PubMed

Li, Haiying; Graesser, Arthur C

2016-09-01

We investigated the linguistic patterns in the discourse of four generations of the collective leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1921 to 2012. The texts of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao were analyzed using computational linguistic techniques (a Chinese formality score) to explore the persuasive linguistic features of the leaders in the contexts of power phase, the nation's education level, power duration, and age. The study was guided by the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, which includes a central route (represented by formal discourse) versus a peripheral route (represented by informal discourse) to persuasion. The results revealed that these leaders adopted the formal, central route more when they were in power than before they came into power. The nation's education level was a significant factor in the leaders' adoption of the persuasion strategy. The leaders' formality also decreased with their increasing age and in-power times. However, the predictability of these factors for formality had subtle differences among the different types of leaders. These results enhance our understanding of the Chinese collective leadership and the role of formality in politically persuasive messages.

Insight into the validity of Leptobrachium guangxiense (Anura: Megophryidae): evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters.

PubMed

Chen, Weicai; Zhang, Wei; Zhou, Shichu; Li, Ning; Huang, Yong; Mo, Yunming

2013-01-01

Lepobrachiun guangxiense Fei, Mo, Ye and Jiang, 2009 (Anura: Megophryidae), is presently thought to be endemic to Shangsi, Guangxi Province, China. A molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological data were performed to gain insight into the phylogenetic position of this species. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods were employed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship, using 1914 bp of sequences from mtDNA genes of 12S rRNA, tRNAVal and 16S rRNA. Topologies revealed that L. guangxiense and Tam Dao (Vietnam) L. chapaense lineage (3A) formed a monophyletic group with well-supported values. The uncorrected p-distance of ~1.4k bp 16S rRNA data-sets between Tam Dao L. chapaense lineage (3A) and L. guangxiense is only 0.1%. Morphologically, L. guangxiense and Tam Dao L. chapaense lineage (3A) shared the same characters, and are distinguishable from "true" L. chapaense from the type locality in Sa Pa, Vietnam. Based on morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA, we suggested that the Tam Dao lineages of L. chapaense are conspecific with L. guangxiense. This represents a range extension for L. guangxiense, and a new country record for Vietnam.

Differential Visual Processing of Animal Images, with and without Conscious Awareness

PubMed Central

Zhu, Weina; Drewes, Jan; Peatfield, Nicholas A.; Melcher, David

2016-01-01

The human visual system can quickly and efficiently extract categorical information from a complex natural scene. The rapid detection of animals in a scene is one compelling example of this phenomenon, and it suggests the automatic processing of at least some types of categories with little or no attentional requirements (Li et al., 2002, 2005). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the remarkable capability to categorize complex natural scenes exist in the absence of awareness, based on recent reports that “invisible” stimuli, which do not reach conscious awareness, can still be processed by the human visual system (Pasley et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2004; Fang and He, 2005; Jiang et al., 2006, 2007; Kaunitz et al., 2011a). In two experiments, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to animal and non-animal/vehicle stimuli in both aware and unaware conditions in a continuous flash suppression (CFS) paradigm. Our results indicate that even in the “unseen” condition, the brain responds differently to animal and non-animal/vehicle images, consistent with rapid activation of animal-selective feature detectors prior to, or outside of, suppression by the CFS mask. PMID:27790106

Differential Visual Processing of Animal Images, with and without Conscious Awareness.

PubMed

Zhu, Weina; Drewes, Jan; Peatfield, Nicholas A; Melcher, David

2016-01-01

The human visual system can quickly and efficiently extract categorical information from a complex natural scene. The rapid detection of animals in a scene is one compelling example of this phenomenon, and it suggests the automatic processing of at least some types of categories with little or no attentional requirements (Li et al., 2002, 2005). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the remarkable capability to categorize complex natural scenes exist in the absence of awareness, based on recent reports that "invisible" stimuli, which do not reach conscious awareness, can still be processed by the human visual system (Pasley et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2004; Fang and He, 2005; Jiang et al., 2006, 2007; Kaunitz et al., 2011a). In two experiments, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to animal and non-animal/vehicle stimuli in both aware and unaware conditions in a continuous flash suppression (CFS) paradigm. Our results indicate that even in the "unseen" condition, the brain responds differently to animal and non-animal/vehicle images, consistent with rapid activation of animal-selective feature detectors prior to, or outside of, suppression by the CFS mask.

Competitive Exclusion and Coexistence of Pathogens in a Homosexually-Transmitted Disease Model

PubMed Central

Chai, Caichun; Jiang, Jifa

2011-01-01

A sexually-transmitted disease model for two strains of pathogen in a one-sex, heterogeneously-mixing population has been studied completely by Jiang and Chai in (J Math Biol 56:373–390, 2008). In this paper, we give a analysis for a SIS STD with two competing strains, where populations are divided into three differential groups based on their susceptibility to two distinct pathogenic strains. We investigate the existence and stability of the boundary equilibria that characterizes competitive exclusion of the two competing strains; we also investigate the existence and stability of the positive coexistence equilibrium, which characterizes the possibility of coexistence of the two strains. We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence and global stability about these equilibria under some assumptions. We verify that there is a strong connection between the stability of the boundary equilibria and the existence of the coexistence equilibrium, that is, there exists a unique coexistence equilibrium if and only if the boundary equilibria both exist and have the same stability, the coexistence equilibrium is globally stable or unstable if and only if the two boundary equilibria are both unstable or both stable. PMID:21347222

The Gestalt Principle of Similarity Benefits Visual Working Memory

PubMed Central

Peterson, Dwight J.; Berryhill, Marian E.

2013-01-01

Visual working memory (VWM) is essential for many cognitive processes yet it is notably limited in capacity. Visual perception processing is facilitated by Gestalt principles of grouping, such as connectedness, similarity, and proximity. This introduces the question: do these perceptual benefits extend to VWM? If so, can this be an approach to enhance VWM function by optimizing the processing of information? Previous findings demonstrate that several Gestalt principles (connectedness, common region, and spatial proximity) do facilitate VWM performance in change detection tasks (Woodman, Vecera, & Luck, 2003; Xu, 2002a, 2006; Xu & Chun, 2007; Jiang, Olson & Chun, 2000). One prevalent Gestalt principle, similarity, has not been examined with regard to facilitating VWM. Here, we investigated whether grouping by similarity benefits VWM. Experiment 1 established the basic finding that VWM performance could benefit from grouping. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this finding by showing that similarity was only effective when the similar stimuli were proximal. In short, the VWM performance benefit derived from similarity was constrained by spatial proximity such that similar items need to be near each other. Thus, the Gestalt principle of similarity benefits visual perception, but it can provide benefits to VWM as well. PMID:23702981

The Gestalt principle of similarity benefits visual working memory.

PubMed

Peterson, Dwight J; Berryhill, Marian E

2013-12-01

Visual working memory (VWM) is essential for many cognitive processes, yet it is notably limited in capacity. Visual perception processing is facilitated by Gestalt principles of grouping, such as connectedness, similarity, and proximity. This introduces the question, do these perceptual benefits extend to VWM? If so, can this be an approach to enhance VWM function by optimizing the processing of information? Previous findings have demonstrated that several Gestalt principles (connectedness, common region, and spatial proximity) do facilitate VWM performance in change detection tasks (Jiang, Olson, & Chun, 2000; Woodman, Vecera, & Luck, 2003; Xu, 2002, 2006; Xu & Chun, 2007). However, one prevalent Gestalt principle, similarity, has not been examined with regard to facilitating VWM. Here, we investigated whether grouping by similarity benefits VWM. Experiment 1 established the basic finding that VWM performance could benefit from grouping. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this finding by showing that similarity was only effective when the similar stimuli were proximal. In short, the VWM performance benefit derived from similarity was constrained by spatial proximity, such that similar items need to be near each other. Thus, the Gestalt principle of similarity benefits visual perception, but it can provide benefits to VWM as well.

Geometric Implications of Maxwell's Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Felix T.

2015-03-01

Maxwell's synthesis of the varied results of the accumulated knowledge of electricity and magnetism, based largely on the searching insights of Faraday, still provide new issues to explore. A case in point is a well recognized anomaly in the Maxwell equations: The laws of electricity and magnetism require two 3-vector and two scalar equations, but only six dependent variables are available to be their solutions, the 3-vectors E and B. This leaves an apparent redundancy of two degrees of freedom (J. Rosen, AJP 48, 1071 (1980); Jiang, Wu, Povinelli, J. Comp. Phys. 125, 104 (1996)). The observed self-consistency of the eight equations suggests that they contain additional information. This can be sought as a previously unnoticed constraint connecting the space and time variables, r and t. This constraint can be identified. It distorts the otherwise Euclidean 3-space of r with the extremely slight, time dependent curvature k (t) =Rcurv-2 (t) of the 3-space of a hypersphere whose radius has the time dependence dRcurv / dt = +/- c nonrelativistically, or dRcurvLor / dt = +/- ic relativistically. The time dependence is exactly that of the Hubble expansion. Implications of this identification will be explored.

Freely-tunable broadband polarization rotator for terahertz waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Ru-Wen; Fan, Ren-Hao; Zhou, Yu; Jiang, Shang-Chi; Xiong, Xiang; Huang, Xian-Rong; Wang, Mu

It is known that commercially-available terahertz (THz) emitters usually generate linearly polarized waves only along certain directions, but in practice, a polarization rotator that is capable of rotating the polarization of THz waves to any direction is particularly desirable and it will have various important applications. In this work, we demonstrate a freely tunable polarization rotator for broadband THz waves using a three-rotating-layer metallic grating structure, which can conveniently rotate the polarization of a linearly polarized THz wave to any desired direction with nearly perfect conversion efficiency. The device performance has been experimentally demonstrated by both THz transmission spectra and direct imaging. The polarization rotation originates from multi wave interference in the three-layer grating structure based on the scattering-matrix analysis. We can expect that this active broadband polarization rotator has wide applications in analytical chemistry, biology, communication technology, imaging, etc.. Reference: R. H. Fan, Y. Zhou, X. P. Ren, R. W. Peng, S. C. Jiang, D. H. Xu, X. Xiong, X. R. Huang, and Mu Wang, Advanced Materials 27,1201(2015). Freely-tunable broadband polarization rotator for terahertz waves.

Spatial Heterogeneity, Scale, Data Character and Sustainable Transport in the Big Data Era

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Bin

2018-04-01

In light of the emergence of big data, I have advocated and argued for a paradigm shift from Tobler's law to scaling law, from Euclidean geometry to fractal geometry, from Gaussian statistics to Paretian statistics, and - more importantly - from Descartes' mechanistic thinking to Alexander's organic thinking. Fractal geometry falls under the third definition of fractal - that is, a set or pattern is fractal if the scaling of far more small things than large ones recurs multiple times (Jiang and Yin 2014) - rather than under the second definition of fractal, which requires a power law between scales and details (Mandelbrot 1982). The new fractal geometry is more towards living geometry that "follows the rules, constraints, and contingent conditions that are, inevitably, encountered in the real world" (Alexander et al. 2012, p. 395), not only for understanding complexity, but also for creating complex or living structure (Alexander 2002-2005). This editorial attempts to clarify why the paradigm shift is essential and to elaborate on several concepts, including spatial heterogeneity (scaling law), scale (or the fourth meaning of scale), data character (in contrast to data quality), and sustainable transport in the big data era.

The advertisement calls of Quasipaa shini (Ahl, 1930) (Anura: Dicroglossidae).

PubMed

Kong, Shen Shen; Zheng, Rong Quan; Zhang, Qi Peng

2016-12-04

The genus Quasipaa (Family Dicroglossidae) is currently composed of 11 species distributed in China and Southeast Asia: Quasipaa acanthophora (Dubois & Ohler 2009), Q. boulengeri (Günther 1889), Q. courtoisi (Angel 1922), Q. delacouri (Angel 1928), Q. exilispinosa (Liu & Hu, 1975), Q. fasciculispina (Inger 1970), Q. jiulongensis (Huang & Liu, 1985), Q. shini (Ahl 1930), Q. spinosa (David 1875), Q. verrucospinosa (Bourret 1937), Q. yei (Chen, Qu & Jiang 2002) (Frost 2016). These species are morphologically similar, and their taxonomy is subject to controversy (Che et al. 2009). Analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggest the genus likely encompass additional cryptic species (Ye et al. 2013). Bioacoustics has contributed to studies on the taxonomy of the genus (Ye et al. 2013; Shen et al. 2015), however, to date, only the advertisement calls of Q. spinosa are known (Yu & Zheng 2009; Chen et al. 2012; Shen et al. 2015). Here, we describe the advertisement calls of Q. shini, which inhabits streams in the southern part of central China(Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and Jiangxi) and is characterized by the presence of keratinized skin spines on the lateral surfaces of the body.

Robust and efficient biometrics based password authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems using extended chaotic maps.

PubMed

Lu, Yanrong; Li, Lixiang; Peng, Haipeng; Xie, Dong; Yang, Yixian

2015-06-01

The Telecare Medicine Information Systems (TMISs) provide an efficient communicating platform supporting the patients access health-care delivery services via internet or mobile networks. Authentication becomes an essential need when a remote patient logins into the telecare server. Recently, many extended chaotic maps based authentication schemes using smart cards for TMISs have been proposed. Li et al. proposed a secure smart cards based authentication scheme for TMISs using extended chaotic maps based on Lee's and Jiang et al.'s scheme. In this study, we show that Li et al.'s scheme has still some weaknesses such as violation the session key security, vulnerability to user impersonation attack and lack of local verification. To conquer these flaws, we propose a chaotic maps and smart cards based password authentication scheme by applying biometrics technique and hash function operations. Through the informal and formal security analyses, we demonstrate that our scheme is resilient possible known attacks including the attacks found in Li et al.'s scheme. As compared with the previous authentication schemes, the proposed scheme is more secure and efficient and hence more practical for telemedical environments.

Vertical velocity-CCN correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hudson, J. G.; Noble, S. R.

2013-12-01

The realization that smaller cloud droplets evaporate more readily (Xue and Feingold 2006; Jiang et al. 2002) gives rise to an anti-indirect aerosol effect (IAE); less cloudiness with pollution. The greater latent heat exchange of the greater evaporation in more polluted clouds adds TKE and buoyancy gradients that can enhance vertical velocity (W), mixing and entrainment (Zhao and Austin 2005). Stronger W can increase horizontal motions, which can further enhance droplet evaporation, which further enhances latent heat exchange and vertical motions, thus, positive feedback. This could also include latent heat released during condensation (Lee and Feingold 2010), which is more rapid for the greater surface areas of the smaller more numerous droplets. These theories imply a positive relationship between within-cloud W variations; i.e., standard deviation of W (σw) and CCN concentration (NCCN) rather than W and NCCN. This implies greater turbulence in polluted clouds, which could possibly counteract the reduction of cloudiness of anti-IAE. During two stratus cloud projects, 50 cloud penetrations in 9 MASE flights and 34 cloud penetrations in 13 POST flights, within-cloud σw-NCCN showed correlation coefficients (R) of 0.50 and 0.39. Panel a shows similar within-cloud σw-NCCN R in all altitude bands for 17 RICO flights in small cumulus clouds. R for W-NCCN showed similar values but only at low altitudes. Out-of-cloud σw-NCCN showed similar high values except at the highest altitudes. Within-cloud σw showed higher R than within-cloud W with droplet concentrations (Nc), especially at higher altitudes. Panel b for 13 ICE-T cumulus cloud flights in the same location as RICO but during the opposite season, however, showed σw and W uncorrelated with NCCN at all altitudes; and W and σw correlated with Nc only at the highest altitudes. On the other hand, out-of-cloud σw was correlated with NCCN at all altitudes with R similar to the corresponding R of the other projects

Significance of hydrological model choice and land use changes when doing climate change impact assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bjørnholt Karlsson, Ida; Obel Sonnenborg, Torben; Refsgaard, Jens Christian; Høgh Jensen, Karsten

2014-05-01

Uncertainty in impact studies arises both from Global Climate Models (GCM), emission projections, statistical downscaling, Regional Climate Models (RCM), hydrological models and calibration techniques (Refsgaard et al. 2013). Some of these uncertainties have been evaluated several times in the literature; however few studies have investigated the effect of hydrological model choice on the assessment results (Boorman & Sefton 1997; Jiang et al. 2007; Bastola et al. 2011). These studies have found that model choice results in large differences, up to 70%, in the predicted discharge changes depending on the climate input. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of climate change on hydrology of the Odense catchment, Denmark both in response to (a) different climate projections (GCM-RCM combinations); (b) different hydrological models and (c) different land use scenarios. This includes: 1. Separation of the climate model signal; the hydrological model signal and the land use signal 2. How do the different hydrological components react under different climate and land use conditions for the different models 3. What land use scenario seems to provide the best adaptation for the challenges of the different future climate change scenarios from a hydrological perspective? Four climate models from the ENSEMBLES project (Hewitt & Griggs 2004): ECHAM5 - HIRHAM5, ECHAM5 - RCA3, ARPEGE - RM5.1 and HadCM3 - HadRM3 are used, assessing the climate change impact in three periods: 1991-2010 (present), 2041-2060 (near future) and 2081-2100 (far future). The four climate models are used in combination with three hydrological models with different conceptual layout: NAM, SWAT and MIKE SHE. Bastola, S., C. Murphy and J. Sweeney (2011). "The role of hydrological modelling uncertainties in climate change impact assessments of Irish river catchments." Advances in Water Resources 34: 562-576. Boorman, D. B. and C. E. M. Sefton (1997). "Recognising the uncertainty in the

Object-based implicit learning in visual search: perceptual segmentation constrains contextual cueing.

PubMed

Conci, Markus; Müller, Hermann J; von Mühlenen, Adrian

2013-07-09

In visual search, detection of a target is faster when it is presented within a spatial layout of repeatedly encountered nontarget items, indicating that contextual invariances can guide selective attention (contextual cueing; Chun & Jiang, 1998). However, perceptual regularities may interfere with contextual learning; for instance, no contextual facilitation occurs when four nontargets form a square-shaped grouping, even though the square location predicts the target location (Conci & von Mühlenen, 2009). Here, we further investigated potential causes for this interference-effect: We show that contextual cueing can reliably occur for targets located within the region of a segmented object, but not for targets presented outside of the object's boundaries. Four experiments demonstrate an object-based facilitation in contextual cueing, with a modulation of context-based learning by relatively subtle grouping cues including closure, symmetry, and spatial regularity. Moreover, the lack of contextual cueing for targets located outside the segmented region was due to an absence of (latent) learning of contextual layouts, rather than due to an attentional bias towards the grouped region. Taken together, these results indicate that perceptual segmentation provides a basic structure within which contextual scene regularities are acquired. This in turn argues that contextual learning is constrained by object-based selection.

Electronic structure of the ingredient planes of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + δ and Bi2Sr2CuO6 + δ superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Xucun

Understanding the mechanism of high transition temperature superconductivity in cuprates has been hindered by the apparent complexity of their multilayered crystal structure. Using a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we report on layer-by-layer probing of the electronic structures of the ingredient planes (BiO, SrO, CuO2) of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + δ (Bi-2212) and Bi2Sr2CuO6 + δ (Bi-2201) superconductors prepared by argon-ion bombardment and annealing (IBA) technique. We show that the well-known pseudogap (PG) feature observed by STM is inherently a property of the charge reservoir planes and thus irrelevant directly to Cooper pairing. The CuO2 planes are exclusively characterized by a small gap inside the PG. The small gap becomes invisible near Tc, which we identify as the superconducting gap. The results constitute severe constraints on any microscopic model for high Tc superconductivity in cuprates. Contributors: Yan-Feng Lv, Wen-Lin Wang, Hao Ding, Yang Wang, Yong Zhong, Ying Ding, Ruidan Zhong, John Schneeloch, Gen-Da Gu, Lili Wang, Ke He, Shuai-Hua Ji, Lin Zhao, Xing-Jiang Zhou Can-Li Song, and Qi-Kun Xue. NSF and MOST of China.

[Ecology-economy harmonious development based on the ecological services value change in Yanqi Basin, Northwest China].

PubMed

Mamat, Zulpiya; Halik, Umut; Aji, Rouzi; Nurmemet, Ilyas; Anwar, Mirigul; Keyimu, Maierdang

2015-03-01

In this paper, we used land use/cover ecosystem service value estimation model and ecological economic coordination degree model to analyze the changes of the ecosystem service value by the land use/cover changes during 1985, 1990, 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2011 in Yanqi Basin, Xin-jiang. Then we evaluated the ecology-economy harmony and the regional differences. The results showed that during 1985-2011, there was an increasing trend in the areas of waters, wetland, sand, cultivated land and construction land in Yanqi Basin. In contrast, that of the saline-alkali land, grassland and woodland areas exhibited a decreasing trend. The ecosystem service value in Yanqi Basin during this period presented an increasing trend, among which the waters and cultivated land contributed most to the total value of ecosystem services, while the grassland and the woodland had obviously declined contribution to the total value of ecosystem services. The research showed that the development of ecological economy in the study area was at a low conflict and low coordination level. So, taking reasonable and effective use of the regional waters and soil resources is the key element to maintain the ecosystem service function and sustainable and harmonious development of economy in Yanqi Basin.

Protein local structure alignment under the discrete Fréchet distance.

PubMed

Zhu, Binhai

2007-12-01

Protein structure alignment is a fundamental problem in computational and structural biology. While there has been lots of experimental/heuristic methods and empirical results, very few results are known regarding the algorithmic/complexity aspects of the problem, especially on protein local structure alignment. A well-known measure to characterize the similarity of two polygonal chains is the famous Fréchet distance, and with the application of protein-related research, a related discrete Fréchet distance has been used recently. In this paper, following the recent work of Jiang et al. we investigate the protein local structural alignment problem using bounded discrete Fréchet distance. Given m proteins (or protein backbones, which are 3D polygonal chains), each of length O(n), our main results are summarized as follows: * If the number of proteins, m, is not part of the input, then the problem is NP-complete; moreover, under bounded discrete Fréchet distance it is NP-hard to approximate the maximum size common local structure within a factor of n(1-epsilon). These results hold both when all the proteins are static and when translation/rotation are allowed. * If the number of proteins, m, is a constant, then there is a polynomial time solution for the problem.

Giant electrocaloric response in the prototypical Pb(Mg,Nb)O3 relaxor ferroelectric from atomistic simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Zhijun; Nahas, Y.; Prokhorenko, S.; Prosandeev, S.; Wang, D.; Íñiguez, Jorge; Bellaiche, L.

2018-03-01

An atomistic effective Hamiltonian is used to investigate electrocaloric (EC) effects of Pb (Mg1 /3Nb2 /3) O3 relaxor ferroelectrics in its ergodic regime, and subject to electric fields applied along the pseudocubic [111] direction. Such a Hamiltonian qualitatively reproduces (i) the electric field-versus-temperature phase diagram, including the existence of a critical point where first-order and second-order transitions meet each other; and (ii) a giant EC response near such a critical point. It also reveals that such giant response around this critical point is microscopically induced by field-induced percolation of polar nanoregions. Moreover, it is also found that, for any temperature above the critical point, the EC coefficient-versus-electric-field curve adopts a maximum (and thus larger electrocaloric response too), that can be well described by the general Landau-like model proposed by Jiang et al., [Phys. Rev. B 96, 014114 (2017)], 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.014114, and that is further correlated with specific microscopic features related to dipoles lying along different rhombohedral directions. Furthermore, for temperatures being at least 40 K higher than the critical temperature, the (electric field, temperature) line associated with this maximal EC coefficient is below both the Widom line and the line representing percolation of polar nanoregions.

Estimating actual evapotranspiration from remote sensing imagery using R: the package 'TriangleMethod'.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gampe, David; Huber García, Verena; Marzahn, Philip; Ludwig, Ralf

2017-04-01

Actual evaporation (Eta) is an essential variable to assess water availability, drought risk and food security, among others. Measurements of Eta are however limited to a small footprint, hampering a spatially explicit analysis and application and are very often not available at all. To overcome the problem of data scarcity, Eta can be assessed by various remote sensing approaches such as the Triangle Method (Jiang & Islam, 1999). Here, Eta is estimated by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST). In this study, the R-package 'TriangleMethod' was compiled to efficiently perform the calculations of NDVI and processing LST to finally derive Eta from the applied data set. The package contains all necessary calculation steps and allows easy processing of a large data base of remote sensing images. By default, the parameterization for the Landsat TM and ETM+ sensors are implemented, however, the algorithms can be easily extended to additional sensors. The auxiliary variables required to estimate Eta with this method, such as elevation, solar radiation and air temperature at the overpassing time, can be processed as gridded information to allow for a better representation of the study area. The package was successfully applied in various studies in Spain, Palestine, Costa Rica and Canada.

Development of flood routing simulation system of digital Qingjiang based on integrated spatial information technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Yanbin; Zhou, You; Zhu, Yaqiong; Yuan, Xiaohui; Sælthun, N. R.

2007-11-01

Based on digital technology, flood routing simulation system development is an important component of "digital catchment". Taking QingJiang catchment as a pilot case, in-depth analysis on informatization of Qingjiang catchment management being the basis, aiming at catchment data's multi-source, - dimension, -element, -subject, -layer and -class feature, the study brings the design thought and method of "subject-point-source database" (SPSD) to design system structure in order to realize the unified management of catchments data in great quantity. Using the thought of integrated spatial information technology for reference, integrating hierarchical structure development model of digital catchment is established. The model is general framework of the flood routing simulation system analysis, design and realization. In order to satisfy the demands of flood routing three-dimensional simulation system, the object-oriented spatial data model are designed. We can analyze space-time self-adapting relation between flood routing and catchments topography, express grid data of terrain by using non-directed graph, apply breadth first search arithmetic, set up search method for the purpose of dynamically searching stream channel on the basis of simulated three-dimensional terrain. The system prototype is therefore realized. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed approach is feasible and effective in the application.

Mitochondrial phylogeny of Chinese barred species of the cyprinid genus Acrossocheilus Oshima, 1919 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) and its taxonomic implications.

PubMed

Yuan, Le-Yang; Liu, Xiao-Xiang; Zhang, E

2015-12-21

Sequences from the mitochondrial control region of 14 putative species of Acrossocheilus (Cyprinidae) were examined to elucidate phylogenetic relationships within species of the barred group in that genus. Phylogenetic reconstructions were generated using three tree-building methods: maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. The resultant phylogenies were consistent with monophyly of the majority of the morphologically recognized species. However, mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence is incongruent with monophyly of A. fasciatus, as currently conceived. This species occurs only in the upper Qiantang-Jiang basin in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, and coastal rivers in the Zhejiang Province. The species formerly recognized as A. paradoxus from Zhejiang Province is A. fasciatus. The specimens previously reported as A. fasciatus from river basins in Fujian Province are misidentified A. wuyiensis. The barred group of Acrossocheilus is shown to be polyphyletic. Acrossocheilus is restricted to the barred species here placed in "Clade II," containing A. paradoxus and relatives. Separate generic status is recommended for A. monticola and for A. longipinnis and their closest relatives, although more information on phylogenetic relationships based on multiple genes is required to develop robust phylogenetic hypotheses and diagnoses. Masticbarbus Tang, 1942 is available for A. longipinnis and three allied species (A. iridescens, A. microstomus and A. lamus).

Colloidal motility and patterning by physical chemotaxis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palacci, Jeremie; Abecassis, Benjamin; Cottin-Bizonne, Cecile; Ybert, Christophe; Bocquet, Lyderic

2009-11-01

We developped a microfluidic setup to show the motility of colloids or biomolecules under a controlled salt gradient thanks to the diffusiophoresis phenomenon [1,2]. We can therefore mimic chemotaxis on simple physical basis with thrilling analogies with the biological chemotaxis of E. Coli bacteria: salt dependance of the velocity [3] and log-sensing behavior [4]. In addition with a temporally tunable gradient we show we can generate an effective osmotic potential to trap colloids or DNA. These experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations and an asymptotic ratchet model. Finally, we use these traps to generate various patterns and because concentration gradients are ubiquitous in nature, we question for the role of such a mecanism in morphogenesis [5] or positioning perspectives in cells [6]. [4pt] [1] B. Abecassis, C. Cottin-Bizonne, C. Ybert, A. Ajdari, and L. Bocquet, Nat. Mat., 7(10):785--789, 2008. [2] Anderson, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech, 21, 1989. [3] Y. L. Qi and J. Adler, PNAS, 86(21):8358--8362, 1989. [4] Y. V. Kalinin, L. L. Jiang, Y. H. Tu, and M. M. Wu, Biophys. J., 96(6):2439--2448, 2009. [4] J. B. Moseley, A. Mayeux, A. Paoletti, and P. Nurse, Nat., 459(7248):857--U8, 2009. [6] L. Wolpert, Dev., 107:3--12, 1989

Contextual cueing in 3D visual search depends on representations in planar-, not depth-defined space.

PubMed

Zang, Xuelian; Shi, Zhuanghua; Müller, Hermann J; Conci, Markus

2017-05-01

Learning of spatial inter-item associations can speed up visual search in everyday life, an effect referred to as contextual cueing (Chun & Jiang, 1998). Whereas previous studies investigated contextual cueing primarily using 2D layouts, the current study examined how 3D depth influences contextual learning in visual search. In two experiments, the search items were presented evenly distributed across front and back planes in an initial training session. In the subsequent test session, the search items were either swapped between the front and back planes (Experiment 1) or between the left and right halves (Experiment 2) of the displays. The results showed that repeated spatial contexts were learned efficiently under 3D viewing conditions, facilitating search in the training sessions, in both experiments. Importantly, contextual cueing remained robust and virtually unaffected following the swap of depth planes in Experiment 1, but it was substantially reduced (to nonsignificant levels) following the left-right side swap in Experiment 2. This result pattern indicates that spatial, but not depth, inter-item variations limit effective contextual guidance. Restated, contextual cueing (even under 3D viewing conditions) is primarily based on 2D inter-item associations, while depth-defined spatial regularities are probably not encoded during contextual learning. Hence, changing the depth relations does not impact the cueing effect.

Fully relativistic B-spline R-matrix calculations for electron collisions with xenon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartschat, Klaus; Zatsarinny, Oleg

2009-05-01

We have applied our recently developed fully relativistic Dirac B-spline R-matrix (DBSR) code [1] to calculate electron scattering from xenon atoms. Results from a 31-state close-coupling model for the excitation function of the metastable (5p^5 6s) J=0,2 states show excellent agreement with experiment [2], thereby presenting a significant improvement over the most sophisticated previous Breit-Pauli calculations [3,4]. This allows for a detailed and reliable analysis of the resonance structure. The same model is currently being used to calculate electron-impact excitation from the metastable J=2 state. The results will be compared with recent experimental data [5] and predictions from other theoretical models [6,7]. [1] O. Zatsarinny and K. Bartschat, Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 062701. [2] S. J. Buckman et al., J. Phys. B 16 (1983) 4219. [3] A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo and K. Bartschat, J. Phys. B 35 (2002) 3479. [4] M. Allan et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 030701(R). [5] R. O. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 022723. [6] R. Srivastava et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 012715. [7] J. Jiang et al., J. Phys. B 41 (2008) 245204.

Growth Comparison of Israeli Carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Different Breeding Combination

PubMed Central

Hwang, Ju-ae; Goo, In Bon; Kim, Jung Eun; Kim, Myung Hun; Kim, Do Hee; Im, Jae Hyun; Choi, Hye-Sung; Lee, Jeong-Ho

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of Israeli carp. Four combinations of Israeli carp from Jeonbuk fisheries farm and Songpu mirror carp from Heilong Jiang, China (KK; Jeonbuk ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂, KC; Jeonbuk ♀ × China ♂, CC; China ♀ × China ♂ and CK; China ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. Body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 and 170 days post-hatch (DPH). The results showed that there were differences in growth rate of the four groups. Body length of four groups were CK > CC > KC > KK and body weight were CC > CK > KC > KK at 170 DPH. The growth perfomance of four groups were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). During the rearing, CC group had longer length and higher weight at 170 DPH compared to other three groups and also condition factor was highest in the CC group, but there was no significant difference in a survival rate. These results indicated that the growth performance mainly depended upon brooder combination but survival rate could not significantly affect brooder. PMID:28144632

PREFACE: MRS International Materials Research Conference (IMRC-2008)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhanguo; Qiu, Yong; Li, Yongxiang

2009-03-01

This volume contains selected papers presented at the MRS International Materials Research Conference (IMRC-2008) held in Chongqing, China, 9-12 June 2008. IMRC-2008 included 9 symposia of A. Eco/Environmental Materials, B. Sustainable Energy Materials, C. Electronic Packaging Materials, D. Electronic Materials, E. Materials and Processes for Flat-panel Displays, F. Functional Ceramics, G. Transportation Materials, H. Magnesium and I. Biomaterials for Medical Applications. Nearly 1200 participants from 33 countries attended the conference, and the conference organizers received more than 700 papers. After the peer review processes, 555 papers were selected to be published in 9 Journals or proceedings, including J. of Materials Research (JMR), Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, J. of Univ. Science and Technology Beijing, Biomedical Materials: Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, Materials Science Forum, and Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Among the 555 selected papers, 91 papers are published in this volume, and the topics mainly cover electronic matrials, processes for flat-panel displays and functional ceramics. The editors would like to give special thanks to the graduate students Liwu Jiang, Ming Li and Di He from Beihang University for their hard work compiling and typesetting each paper in this volume. Zhanguo Wang, Yong Qiu and Yongxiang Li Editors

Assembly of the outermost spore layer: pieces of the puzzle are coming together.

PubMed

Stewart, George C

2017-05-01

Certain endospore-forming soil dwelling bacteria are important human, animal or insect pathogens. These organisms produce spores containing an outer layer, the exosporium. The exosporium is the site of interactions between the spore and the soil environment and between the spore and the infected host during the initial stages of infection. The composition and assembly process of the exosporium are poorly understood. This is partly due to the extreme stability of the exosporium that has proven to be refractive to existing methods to deconstruct the intact structure into its component parts. Although more than 20 proteins have been identified as exosporium-associated, their abundance, relationship to other proteins and the processes by which they are assembled to create the exosporium are largely unknown. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Terry, Jiang, and colleagues in Per Bullough's laboratory show that the ExsY protein is a major structural protein of the exosporium basal layer of B. cereus family spores and that it can self-assemble into complex structures that possess many of the structural features characteristic of the exosporium basal layer. The authors refined a model for exosporium assembly. Their findings may have implications for exosporium formation in other spore forming bacteria, including Clostridium species. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effects of packet retransmission with finite packet lifetime on traffic capacity in scale-free networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Zhong-Yuan; Ma, Jian-Feng

Existing routing strategies such as the global dynamic routing [X. Ling, M. B. Hu, R. Jiang and Q. S. Wu, Phys. Rev. E 81, 016113 (2010)] can achieve very high traffic capacity at the cost of extremely long packet traveling delay. In many real complex networks, especially for real-time applications such as the instant communication software, extremely long packet traveling time is unacceptable. In this work, we propose to assign a finite Time-to-Live (TTL) parameter for each packet. To guarantee every packet to arrive at its destination within its TTL, we assume that a packet is retransmitted by its source once its TTL expires. We employ source routing mechanisms in the traffic model to avoid the routing-flaps induced by the global dynamic routing. We compose extensive simulations to verify our proposed mechanisms. With small TTL, the effects of packet retransmission on network traffic capacity are obvious, and the phase transition from flow free state to congested state occurs. For the purpose of reducing the computation frequency of the routing table, we employ a computing cycle Tc within which the routing table is recomputed once. The simulation results show that the traffic capacity decreases with increasing Tc. Our work provides a good insight into the understanding of effects of packet retransmission with finite packet lifetime on traffic capacity in scale-free networks.

Global shape information increases but color information decreases the composite face effect.

PubMed

Retter, Talia L; Rossion, Bruno

2015-01-01

The separation of visual shape and surface information may be useful for understanding holistic face perception--that is, the perception of a face as a single unit (Jiang, Blanz, & Rossion, 2011, Visual Cognition, 19, 1003-1034). A widely used measure of holistic face perception is the composite face effect (CFE), in which identical top face halves appear different when aligned with bottom face halves from different identities. In the present study the influences of global face shape (ie contour of the face) and color information on the CFE are investigated, with the hypothesis that global face shape supports but color impairs holistic face perception as measured in this paradigm. In experiment 1 the CFE is significantly increased when face stimuli possess natural global shape information than when cropped to a generic (ie oval) global shape; this effect is not found when the stimuli are presented inverted. In experiment 2 the CFE is significantly decreased when face stimuli are presented with color information than when presented in grayscale. These findings indicate that grayscale stimuli maintaining natural global face shape information provide the most adept measure of holistic face perception in the behavioral composite face paradigm. More generally, they show that reducing different types of information diagnostic for individual face perception can have opposite effects on the CFE, illustrating the functional dissociation between shape and surface information in face perception.

Studying the replicative life span of yeast cells.

PubMed

Sinclair, David A

2013-01-01

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful model for elucidating the pathways that control life span and the influence of environmental factors, such as calorie restriction (CR). For 75 years, CR has been studied for its ability to delay diseases of aging in mammals, from cancer to cardiovascular disease (McCay et al., Nutr Rev 33:241-243, 1975). In many other species, reducing calorie intake extends life span, including unicellular organisms (Jiang et al., FASEB J 14:2135-2137, 2000; Lin et al., Science 289:2126-2128, 2000), invertebrates (Rogina and Helfand, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:15998-16003, 2004), and rodents (Martín-Montalvo et al., Oncogene 30:505-520, 2011). Here we describe how to calorically restrict yeast cells, the methods used to determine the replicative life span (RLS) of budding yeast cells, how to selectively kill daughter cells using the mother enrichment program (MEP), how to measure recombination frequency at the rDNA locus, how to isolate large quantities of old cells, and how to analyze the circular forms of DNA known as extrachromosomal rDNA circles (ERCs), a cause of aging in S. cerevisiae (Petes, Cell 19:765-774, 1980; Sinclair and Guarente, Cell 91:1033-1042, 1997; Defossez et al., Mol Cell 3:447-455, 1999).

Harmony Search Algorithm for Word Sense Disambiguation.

PubMed

Abed, Saad Adnan; Tiun, Sabrina; Omar, Nazlia

2015-01-01

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the task of determining which sense of an ambiguous word (word with multiple meanings) is chosen in a particular use of that word, by considering its context. A sentence is considered ambiguous if it contains ambiguous word(s). Practically, any sentence that has been classified as ambiguous usually has multiple interpretations, but just one of them presents the correct interpretation. We propose an unsupervised method that exploits knowledge based approaches for word sense disambiguation using Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) based on a Stanford dependencies generator (HSDG). The role of the dependency generator is to parse sentences to obtain their dependency relations. Whereas, the goal of using the HSA is to maximize the overall semantic similarity of the set of parsed words. HSA invokes a combination of semantic similarity and relatedness measurements, i.e., Jiang and Conrath (jcn) and an adapted Lesk algorithm, to perform the HSA fitness function. Our proposed method was experimented on benchmark datasets, which yielded results comparable to the state-of-the-art WSD methods. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the dependency generator, we perform the same methodology without the parser, but with a window of words. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to produce effective solutions for most instances of the datasets used.

Traditional Chinese medicine suppresses left ventricular hypertrophy by targeting extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats

PubMed Central

Xiong, Xingjiang; Yang, Xiaochen; Duan, Lian; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Yun; Liu, Yongmei; Wang, Pengqian; Li, Shengjie; Li, Xiaoke

2017-01-01

Chinese herbal medicine Bu-Shen-Jiang-Ya decoction (BSJYD) is reported to be beneficial for hypertension. Over expression of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) pathway plays an important role in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). This study aimed to observe effects of BSJYD on LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and explore its possible mechanism on regulation of ERK pathway. Sixty 12-week-old SHRs were randomly allocated into 5 groups: BSJYD high dose group, middle dose group, low dose group, captopril group, and control group. Besides, a control group of Wistar-Kyoto rats was established. All rats were treated for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), pathology, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to assess the expressions of BDNF, Ras, ERK1/2, and c-fox levels. SBP and HR were significantly decreased compared with the control group and LVMI was markedly improved by BSJYD treatment in a dose-dependent manner. BSJYD inhibited the expression of BDNF, Ras, ERK1/2, and c-fox mRNA in LVH. In conclusion, BSJYD suppressed hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the expression of ERK pathway. These changes in gene expression may be a possible mechanism by which BSJYD provides myocardial protection from hypertension. PMID:28225023

Systematics of the east Palaearctic pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) with particular focus on the Japanese and Korean fauna.

PubMed

Cho, Geonho; Burckhardt, Daniel; Inoue, Hiromitsu; Luo, Xinyu; Lee, Seunghwan

2017-12-04

The confused taxonomy of the east Palaearctic pear psyllids, serious pests on cultivated pear, is reviewed. Fifty-six nominal species have been reported from Pyrus, 25 of which we consider valid and ten as not being associated with Pyrus. Our taxonomic revision suggests that, in Korea, four Cacopsylla species develop on pear: the univoltine C. burckhardti Luo et al. previously misidentified as C. pyrisuga (Foerster), the polyvoltine, seasonally dimorphic C. jukyungi (Kwon) (winter form 'cinereosignata' Luo et al., summer form 'jukyungi'), commonly found in Korean pear orchards, and C. maculatili Li (winter form 'maculatili', summer form 'qiuzili' Li) previously misidentified as C. pyricola (Foerster) by some authors, as well as the probably polyvoltine but not dimorphic C. sandolbaea (Park & Lee). The former three species (C. burckhardti, C. jukyungi, misidentified as C. chinensis (Yang & Li), and C. maculatili) occur also in Japan. Keys to the adult and fifth instar immatures as well as short biological notes are provided, and C. jukyungi and C. sandolbaea are redescribed. Following nomenclatorial changes are proposed: Cacopsylla betulaefoliae (Yang & Li, 1981) = Psylla heterobetulaefoliae Yang & Li, 1981, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907) = Psylla jiangli Yang & Li, 1981, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla jukyungi (Kwon) = C. cinereosignata Luo et al., syn. nov.; Cacopsylla maculatili Li = C. qiuzili Li, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla nigella (Konovalova), comb. nov. from Psylla. The synonymy of P. obongsana Kwon with C. sandolbaea is confirmed.

Harmony Search Algorithm for Word Sense Disambiguation

PubMed Central

Abed, Saad Adnan; Tiun, Sabrina; Omar, Nazlia

2015-01-01

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the task of determining which sense of an ambiguous word (word with multiple meanings) is chosen in a particular use of that word, by considering its context. A sentence is considered ambiguous if it contains ambiguous word(s). Practically, any sentence that has been classified as ambiguous usually has multiple interpretations, but just one of them presents the correct interpretation. We propose an unsupervised method that exploits knowledge based approaches for word sense disambiguation using Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) based on a Stanford dependencies generator (HSDG). The role of the dependency generator is to parse sentences to obtain their dependency relations. Whereas, the goal of using the HSA is to maximize the overall semantic similarity of the set of parsed words. HSA invokes a combination of semantic similarity and relatedness measurements, i.e., Jiang and Conrath (jcn) and an adapted Lesk algorithm, to perform the HSA fitness function. Our proposed method was experimented on benchmark datasets, which yielded results comparable to the state-of-the-art WSD methods. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the dependency generator, we perform the same methodology without the parser, but with a window of words. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to produce effective solutions for most instances of the datasets used. PMID:26422368

[Atomic absorption fingerprint and identification studies of Da Huo Luo pill. I. Exploration of inorganic elements fingerprint for establishment of industrial standard].

PubMed

Zhang, Qi-Feng; Zhu, Long-Yin; Ding, Shu-Liang; Wang, Chen; Tu, Long-Fei

2008-03-01

The fingerprints for most of Chinese medicines based on their organic compositions have been well established. Nevertheless, there are very few known fingerprints which are based on inorganic elements. In order to identify the Da Huo Luo Dan and its efficiency from other Chinese medicines, the authors attempted to set up a fingerprint which could be determined by the measurement of inorganic elements in Da Huo Luo Dan and other Chinese medicines. In the present study, the authors first employed 28 batches of Da Huo Luo Dan produced by Zhang-Shu Pharmatheutical Company in Jiang Xi Province to screen 12 kinds of inorganic elements measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and established the atomic absorption fingerprints. Secondly, the authors tried to identify Da Huo Luo Dan and other Chinese medicines by using the similarly analysis of vectors and the statistical analysis of compositional data. The result showed that the methods the authors used here were predictable to tell the efficiency of Da Huo Luo Dan from others. The authors' study also proves that establishment of standard for quality control by analysis of inorganic elements in Chinese medicines is feasible. The present study provides a new idea and a new technique that serve for the establishment of industrial standards for analysis of inorganic elements fingerprint to explore the effects of Chinese medicines.

Westinghouse Cementation Facility of Solid Waste Treatment System - 13503

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jacobs, Torsten; Aign, Joerg

2013-07-01

During NPP operation, several waste streams are generated, caused by different technical and physical processes. Besides others, liquid waste represents one of the major types of waste. Depending on national regulation for storage and disposal of radioactive waste, solidification can be one specific requirement. To accommodate the global request for waste treatment systems Westinghouse developed several specific treatment processes for the different types of waste. In the period of 2006 to 2008 Westinghouse awarded several contracts for the design and delivery of waste treatment systems related to the latest CPR-1000 nuclear power plants. One of these contracts contains the deliverymore » of four Cementation Facilities for waste treatment, s.c. 'Follow on Cementations' dedicated to three locations, HongYanHe, NingDe and YangJiang, of new CPR-1000 nuclear power stations in the People's Republic of China. Previously, Westinghouse delivered a similar cementation facility to the CPR-1000 plant LingAo II, in Daya Bay, PR China. This plant already passed the hot functioning tests successfully in June 2012 and is now ready and released for regular operation. The 'Follow on plants' are designed to package three 'typical' kind of radioactive waste: evaporator concentrates, spent resins and filter cartridges. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on the Westinghouse experience to design and execution of cementation facilities. (authors)« less

Lung endothelial HO-1 targeting in vivo using lentiviral miRNA regulates apoptosis and autophagy during oxidant injury

PubMed Central

Zhang, Yi; Jiang, Ge; Sauler, Maor; Lee, Patty J.

2013-01-01

The lung endothelium is a major target for inflammatory and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction is a crucial defense mechanism during oxidant challenges, such as hyperoxia. The role of lung endothelial HO-1during hyperoxia in vivo is not well defined. We engineered lentiviral vectors with microRNA (miRNA) sequences controlled by vascular endothelium cadherin (VE-cad) to study the specific role of lung endothelial HO-1. Wild-type (WT) murine lung endothelial cells (MLECs) or WT mice were treated with lentivirus and exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen). We detected HO-1 knockdown (∼55%) specifically in the lung endothelium. MLECs and lungs showed approximately a 2-fold increase in apoptosis and ROS generation after HO-1 silencing. We also demonstrate for the first time that silencing endothelial HO-1 has the same effect on lung injury and survival as silencing HO-1 in multiple lung cell types and that HO-1 regulates caspase 3 activation and autophagy in endothelium during hyperoxia. These studies demonstrate the utility of endothelial-targeted gene silencing in vivo using lentiviral miRNA constructs to assess gene function and that endothelial HO-1 is an important determinant of survival during hyperoxia.—Zhang, Y., Jiang, G., Sauler, M., Lee, P. J. Lung endothelial HO-1 targeting in vivo using lentiviral miRNA regulates apoptosis and autophagy during oxidant injury. PMID:23771928

Dynamics of processing invisible faces in the brain: automatic neural encoding of facial expression information.

PubMed

Jiang, Yi; Shannon, Robert W; Vizueta, Nathalie; Bernat, Edward M; Patrick, Christopher J; He, Sheng

2009-02-01

The fusiform face area (FFA) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) are suggested to process facial identity and facial expression information respectively. We recently demonstrated a functional dissociation between the FFA and the STS as well as correlated sensitivity of the STS and the amygdala to facial expressions using an interocular suppression paradigm [Jiang, Y., He, S., 2006. Cortical responses to invisible faces: dissociating subsystems for facial-information processing. Curr. Biol. 16, 2023-2029.]. In the current event-related brain potential (ERP) study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of facial information processing. Observers viewed neutral, fearful, and scrambled face stimuli, either visibly or rendered invisible through interocular suppression. Relative to scrambled face stimuli, intact visible faces elicited larger positive P1 (110-130 ms) and larger negative N1 or N170 (160-180 ms) potentials at posterior occipital and bilateral occipito-temporal regions respectively, with the N170 amplitude significantly greater for fearful than neutral faces. Invisible intact faces generated a stronger signal than scrambled faces at 140-200 ms over posterior occipital areas whereas invisible fearful faces (compared to neutral and scrambled faces) elicited a significantly larger negative deflection starting at 220 ms along the STS. These results provide further evidence for cortical processing of facial information without awareness and elucidate the temporal sequence of automatic facial expression information extraction.

Isolation, characterization, and structure analysis of a vacuolar processing enzyme gene (MhVPEγ) from Malus hupehensis (Pamp) Rehd.

PubMed

Ran, Kun; Yang, Hongqiang; Sun, Xiaoli; Li, Qiang; Jiang, Qianqian; Zhang, Weiwei; Shen, Wei

2014-05-01

Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) have received considerable attention recently, as they exhibit caspase-1-like cleavage activity and regulate the process of PCD. However, knowledge about their detailed characteristics and structures is relatively limited. In this study, a gamma vacuolar processing enzyme gene, MhVPEγ, has been isolated from the leaves of Malus hupehensis (Ramp) Rehd. var pinyiensis Jiang. MhVPEγ coded-translated protein sequence comprised of 494 amino acids with a signal peptide and a transmembrane helix structure at N-terminal, peptidase_C13 domain, and vacuolar sorting signal at C-terminal. Consequently, genomic walking approach was performed for the isolation of its upstream sequence. Computational analysis demonstrated several motifs of the promoter exhibiting hypothetic MeJA, ABA, and light-induced characteristics, as well as some typical domains universally discovered in promoter, such as TATA-box and CAAT-box. MhVPEγ transcript level was enhanced during wounding treatment, and WUN-motif, as one of the cis-acting regulatory elements existing in the upstream sequence perhaps regulates its expression. In silico-constructed 3D models revealed that MhCPYL successively interacts with MhVPEγ like that of "Induced Fit-Lock and Key" model, providing molecular conformation evidence that CPY is a direct substrate of VPEγ. This study is the first stride to understand the molecular mechanism of VPEγ and CPYL interactions.

Synthesis of neutron-rich superheavy nuclei with radioactive beams within the dinuclear system model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zhi-Han; Zhu, Long; Li, Fan; Yu, Xiao-Bin; Su, Jun; Guo, Chen-Chen

2018-06-01

The production of neutron-rich superheavy nuclei with Z =105 -118 in neutron evaporation channels is investigated within the dinuclear system model. The different stable and radioactive beam-induced hot fusion reactions are studied systematically. The prospect for synthesizing neutron-rich superheavy nuclei using radioactive beams is evaluated quantitatively based on the beam intensities proposed by Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System [B. B. Back and C. L. Jiang, Argonne National Laboratory Report No. ANL-06/55, 2006 (unpublished)]. All possible combinations (with projectiles of Z =16 -22 and half-lives longer than 1 ms; with targets of half-lives longer than 30 days), which can be performed in available experimental equipment, for producing several unknown neutron-rich superheavy nuclei in neutron evaporation channels are investigated and the most promising reactions are predicted. It is found that the stable beams still show great advantages for producing most of superheavy nuclei. The calculated results are also compared with production cross sections in the p x n and α x n evaporation channels [Hong et al., Phys. Lett. B 764, 42 (2017), 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.11.002]. We find that the radioactive beam-induced reactions are comparable to the stable beam-induced reactions in charged particle evaporation channels. To obtain more experimental achievements, the beam intensities of modern radioactive beam facilities need to be further improved in the future.

Accurate atomic data for xenon: energy levels, oscillator strengths, and electron collision cross sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartschat, Klaus; Zatsarinny, Oleg

2009-10-01

We have applied our recently developed fully relativistic Dirac B-spline R-matrix (DBSR) code [1] to calculate the atomic structure (energy levels and oscillator strengths) as well as electron scattering from xenon atoms. Results from a 31-state close-coupling model for the excitation function of the metastable (5p^5 6s) J=0,2 states show excellent agreement with experiment [2], thereby presenting a significant improvement over the most sophisticated previous Breit-Pauli calculations [3,4]. The same model is currently being used to calculate electron-impact excitation from the metastable J=2 state. The results will be compared with recent experimental data [5] and predictions from other theoretical models [6,7]. Our dataset is an excellent basis for modeling plasma discharges containing xenon.[0pt] [1] O. Zatsarinny and K. Bartschat, Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 062701.[0pt] [2] S. J. Buckman et al., J. Phys. B 16 (1983) 4219.[0pt] [3] A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo and K. Bartschat, J. Phys. B 35 (2002) 3479.[0pt] [4] M. Allan et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 030701(R).[0pt] [5] R. O. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 022723.[0pt] [6] R. Srivastava et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 012715.[0pt] [7] J. Jiang et al., J. Phys. B 41 (2008) 245204.

On one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations for a reacting mixture in unbounded domains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Siran

2017-10-01

In this paper we consider the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes system for a heat-conducting, compressible reacting mixture which describes the dynamic combustion of fluids of mixed kinds on unbounded domains. This model has been discussed on bounded domains by Chen (SIAM J Math Anal 23:609-634, 1992) and Chen-Hoff-Trivisa (Arch Ration Mech Anal 166:321-358, 2003), among others, in which the reaction rate function is a discontinuous function obeying the Arrhenius' law of thermodynamics. We prove the global existence of weak solutions to this model on one-dimensional unbounded domains with large initial data in H^1. Moreover, the large-time behaviour of the weak solution is identified. In particular, the uniform-in-time bounds for the temperature and specific volume have been established via energy estimates. For this purpose we utilise techniques developed by Kazhikhov-Shelukhin (cf. Kazhikhov in Siber Math J 23:44-49, 1982; Solonnikov and Kazhikhov in Annu Rev Fluid Mech 13:79-95, 1981) and refined by Jiang (Commun Math Phys 200:181-193, 1999, Proc R Soc Edinb Sect A 132:627-638, 2002), as well as a crucial estimate in the recent work by Li-Liang (Arch Ration Mech Anal 220:1195-1208, 2016). Several new estimates are also established, in order to treat the unbounded domain and the reacting terms.

[The roots of Cha and Gambir].

PubMed

Sugiyama, Shigeru

2005-01-01

This article attempts to trace the origin of tea. The author believes the ancient Chinese tea, "chia", is either Jicha (water extract from the pith of Acacia catechu that grows naturally in the mountainous border between the Yunnan province of China and southern Asian countries) or Jicha-Kagikazura (water extract from the young branches and leaves of Uncaris gambir, originally found in India/Sri Lanka). Both were pulverized after being kiln-dried and then mixed with water to produce a thick suspension, or tea. Although the drink is bitter and has an astringent property, it has a particular flavor with a refreshing after-taste. Its components with medicinal properties include tannin, catechin, and various flavonoids, making us believe it was worthwhile for the people at the time to consume the drink regularly. Generally speaking, tea cultivation in China flourished south of the Yangzi Jiang River including the present Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Depending on the regions, there were words for tea in various languages, including the names of places where particular teas were grown. In addition to the names that appear in the famous Chajing book, it is interesting to note Da Fang pronounced tea as "TAH". Because the area south of the Yangzi Jiang has traditionally been active in foreign trade since the ancient and middle ages. People in this region consumed various foreign originated teas as well. This included Gambir, which was introduced to southern Asia (including present Malaysia and Indonesia) and was consumed as an herbal tea under names such as Guo Luo or Ju Luo teas. Paan, from India, also uses Gambir paste and was a popular chewing refreshment to prevent diseases caused by miasma as well as to keep one's mouth clean. The name A-sen-yaku used in Japan was taken from the plant name Acasia, and Gambir was used to dye Buddhist monks' Ke-Ra bags to a blackish yellow color. The Daikanwa dictionary states the Ra in the name, which means thin silk, was later

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Zhigang, E-mail: zsun@dicp.ac.cn; Yu, Dequan; Xie, Wenbo

The O + O{sub 2} isotope exchange reactions play an important role in determining the oxygen isotopic composition of a number of trace gases in the atmosphere, and their temperature dependence and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) provide important constraints on our understanding of the origin and mechanism of these and other unusual oxygen KIEs important in the atmosphere. This work reports a quantum dynamics study of the title reactions on the newly constructed Dawes-Lolur-Li-Jiang-Guo (DLLJG) potential energy surface (PES). The thermal reaction rate coefficients of both the {sup 18}O + {sup 32}O{sub 2} and {sup 16}O + {sup 36}O{sub 2}more » reactions obtained using the DLLJG PES exhibit a clear negative temperature dependence, in sharp contrast with the positive temperature dependence obtained using the earlier modified Siebert-Schinke-Bittererova (mSSB) PES. In addition, the calculated KIE shows an improved agreement with the experiment. These results strongly support the absence of the “reef” structure in the entrance/exit channels of the DLLJG PES, which is present in the mSSB PES. The quantum dynamics results on both PESs attribute the marked KIE to strong near-threshold reactive resonances, presumably stemming from the mass differences and/or zero point energy difference between the diatomic reactant and product. The accurate characterization of the reactivity for these near-thermoneutral reactions immediately above the reaction threshold is important for correct characterization of the thermal reaction rate coefficients.« less

From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search.

PubMed

Zang, Xuelian; Geyer, Thomas; Assumpção, Leonardo; Müller, Hermann J; Shi, Zhuanghua

2016-01-01

Selective attention determines the effectiveness of implicit contextual learning (e.g., Jiang and Leung, 2005). Visual foreground-background segmentation, on the other hand, is a key process in the guidance of attention (Wolfe, 2003). In the present study, we examined the impact of foreground-background segmentation on contextual cueing of visual search in three experiments. A visual search display, consisting of distractor 'L's and a target 'T', was overlaid on a task-neutral cuboid on the same depth plane (Experiment 1), on stereoscopically separated depth planes (Experiment 2), or spread over the entire display on the same depth plane (Experiment 3). Half of the search displays contained repeated target-distractor arrangements, whereas the other half was always newly generated. The task-neutral cuboid was constant during an initial training session, but was either rotated by 90° or entirely removed in the subsequent test sessions. We found that the gains resulting from repeated presentation of display arrangements during training (i.e., contextual-cueing effects) were diminished when the cuboid was changed or removed in Experiment 1, but remained intact in Experiments 2 and 3 when the cuboid was placed in a different depth plane, or when the items were randomly spread over the whole display but not on the edges of the cuboid. These findings suggest that foreground-background segmentation occurs prior to contextual learning, and only objects/arrangements that are grouped as foreground are learned over the course of repeated visual search.

A novel effect of thalidomide and its analogs: suppression of cereblon ubiquitination enhances ubiquitin ligase function

PubMed Central

Liu, Yaobin; Huang, Xiangao; He, Xian; Zhou, Yanqing; Jiang, Xiaogang; Chen-Kiang, Selina; Jaffrey, Samie R.; Xu, Guoqiang

2015-01-01

The immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) thalidomide and its structural analogs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are highly effective in treating clinical indications. Thalidomide binds to cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the cullin-4 really interesting new gene (RING) E3 ligase complex. Here, we examine the effect of thalidomide and its analogs on CRBN ubiquitination and its functions in human cell lines. We find that the ubiquitin modification of CRBN includes K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and that thalidomide blocks the formation of CRBN-ubiquitin conjugates. Furthermore, we show that ubiquitinated CRBN is targeted for proteasomal degradation. Treatment of human myeloma cell lines such as MM1.S, OPM2, and U266 with thalidomide (100 μM) and its structural analog lenalidomide (10 μM) results in stabilization of CRBN and elevation of CRBN protein levels. This in turn leads to the reduced level of CRBN target proteins and enhances the sensitivity of human multiple myeloma cells to IMiDs. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which thalidomide and its analogs modulate the CRBN function in cells. Through inhibition of CRBN ubiquitination, thalidomide and its analogs allow CRBN to accumulate, leading to the increased cullin-4 RING E3 ligase-mediated degradation of target proteins.—Liu, Y., Huang, X., He, X., Zhou, Y., Jiang, X., Chen-Kiang, S., Jaffrey, S. R., Xu, G. A novel effect of thalidomide and its analogs: suppression of cereblon ubiquitination enhances ubiquitin ligase function. PMID:26231201

Adjusted Levenberg-Marquardt method application to methene retrieval from IASI/METOP spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khamatnurova, Marina; Gribanov, Konstantin

2016-04-01

Levenberg-Marquardt method [1] with iteratively adjusted parameter and simultaneous evaluation of averaging kernels together with technique of parameters selection are developed and applied to the retrieval of methane vertical profiles in the atmosphere from IASI/METOP spectra. Retrieved methane vertical profiles are then used for calculation of total atmospheric column amount. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data provided by ESRL (NOAA, Boulder,USA) [2] are taken as initial guess for retrieval algorithm. Surface temperature, temperature and humidity vertical profiles are retrieved before methane vertical profile retrieval for each selected spectrum. Modified software package FIRE-ARMS [3] were used for numerical experiments. To adjust parameters and validate the method we used ECMWF MACC reanalysis data [4]. Methane columnar values retrieved from cloudless IASI spectra demonstrate good agreement with MACC columnar values. Comparison is performed for IASI spectra measured in May of 2012 over Western Siberia. Application of the method for current IASI/METOP measurements are discussed. 1.Ma C., Jiang L. Some Research on Levenberg-Marquardt Method for the Nonlinear Equations // Applied Mathematics and Computation. 2007. V.184. P. 1032-1040 2.http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psdhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd 3.Gribanov K.G., Zakharov V.I., Tashkun S.A., Tyuterev Vl.G.. A New Software Tool for Radiative Transfer Calculations and its application to IMG/ADEOS data // JQSRT.2001.V.68.№ 4. P. 435-451. 4.http://www.ecmwf.int/http://www.ecmwf.int

Measurement of low-frequency magnetic pulses from negative stepped leaders in rocket-triggered lightning flashes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Gaopeng

2017-04-01

Measurement of low-frequency magnetic pulses from negative stepped leaders in rocket-triggered lightning flashes Gaopeng Lu,1,2 Yanfeng Fan,1,3 Hongbo Zhang,1,3 Rubin Jiang,1,2 Mingyuan Liu,1,2 and Xiushu Qie,1,2 1. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China 2. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China We report the measurement of magnetic pulses from the negative stepped leaders in positive rocket-triggered lightning flashes with the low-frequency (4 kHz to 420 kHz) magnetic sensor at two different distances (78 m and 970 m, respectively) during the SHantong Artificial Triggered Lightning Experiments (SHATLE) during summer of 2015. Different from the magnetic radiation from positive leaders as observed in the considerably more frequent cases, the impulsive signals from the negative leader sustain for a much longer time interval, while the attenuation of current pulse launched by the stepping of leader is also observed. The general pattern of magnetic pulses observed for the negative stepped leader is different from the positive counterpart. Also, the initial negative leader appears to be brighter than the positive ones, as shown by both high-speed video observation and the magnetic measurement.

Assessing the aerosol direct and first indirect effects using ACM/GCM simulation results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, H.; Gu, Y.; Xue, Y.; Lu, C. H.

2016-12-01

Atmospheric aerosols have been found to play an important role in global climate change but there are still large uncertainty in evaluating its role in the climate system. The aerosols generally affect global and regional climate through the scattering and the absorption of solar radiation (direct effect) and through their influences on cloud particle, number and sizes (first indirect effect). The indirect effect will further affects cloud water content, cloud top albedo and surface precipitations. In this study, we investigate the global climatic effect of aerosols using a coupled NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) and a land surface model (SSiB2) The OPAC (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds) database is used for aerosol effect. The OPAC data provides the optical properties (i.e., the extinction, scattering and absorption coefficient, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor and phase function) of ten types of aerosols under various relative humidity conditions for investigating the global direct and first indirect effects of dust aerosols. For indirect forcings due to liquid water, we follow the approach presented by Jiang et al (2011), in which a parameterization of cloud effective radius was calculated to describe its variance with convective strength and aerosol concentration. Since the oceans also play an important role on aerosol climatic effect, we also design a set of simulations using a coupled atmosphere/ocean model (CFS) to evaluate the sensitivity of aerosol effect with two-way atmosphere-ocean interactions.

Covalent heme attachment to the protein in human heme oxygenase-1 with selenocysteine replacing the His25 proximal iron ligand

PubMed Central

Jiang, Yongying; Trnka, Michael J.; Medzihradszky, Katalin F.; Ouellet, Hugues; Wang, Yongqiang; Ortiz de Montellano, Paul R.

2009-01-01

To characterize heme oxygenase with a selenocysteine (SeCys) as the proximal iron ligand, we have expressed truncated human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) His25Cys, in which Cys-25 is the only cysteine, in the Escherichia coli cysteine auxotroph strain BL21(DE3)cys. Selenocysteine incorporation into the protein was demonstrated by both intact protein mass measurement and mass spectrometric identification of the selenocysteine-containing tryptic peptide. One selenocysteine was incorporated into approximately 95% of the expressed protein. Formation of an adduct with Ellman's reagent (DTNB) indicated that the selenocysteine in the expressed protein was in the reduced state. The heme-His25SeCys hHO-1 complex could be prepared by either (a) supplementing the overexpression medium with heme, or (b) reconstituting the purified apoprotein with heme. Under reducing conditions in the presence of imidazole, a covalent bond is formed by addition of the selenocysteine residue to one of the heme vinyl groups. No covalent bond is formed when the heme is replaced by mesoheme, in which the vinyls are replaced by ethyl groups. These results, together with our earlier demonstration that external selenolate ligands can transfer an electron to the iron (Jiang, Y., Ortiz de Montellano, P.R., Inorg. Chem., 47, 3480-3482 (2008)), indicate that a selenyl radical is formed in the hHO1 His25SeCys mutant that adds to a heme vinyl group. PMID:19135260

Covalent heme attachment to the protein in human heme oxygenase-1 with selenocysteine replacing the His25 proximal iron ligand.

PubMed

Jiang, Yongying; Trnka, Michael J; Medzihradszky, Katalin F; Ouellet, Hugues; Wang, Yongqiang; Ortiz de Montellano, Paul R

2009-03-01

To characterize heme oxygenase with a selenocysteine (SeCys) as the proximal iron ligand, we have expressed truncated human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) His25Cys, in which Cys-25 is the only cysteine, in the Escherichia coli cysteine auxotroph strain BL21(DE3)cys. Selenocysteine incorporation into the protein was demonstrated by both intact protein mass measurement and mass spectrometric identification of the selenocysteine-containing tryptic peptide. One selenocysteine was incorporated into approximately 95% of the expressed protein. Formation of an adduct with Ellman's reagent (DTNB) indicated that the selenocysteine in the expressed protein was in the reduced state. The heme-His25SeCys hHO-1 complex could be prepared by either (a) supplementing the overexpression medium with heme, or (b) reconstituting the purified apoprotein with heme. Under reducing conditions in the presence of imidazole, a covalent bond is formed by addition of the selenocysteine residue to one of the heme vinyl groups. No covalent bond is formed when the heme is replaced by mesoheme, in which the vinyls are replaced by ethyl groups. These results, together with our earlier demonstration that external selenolate ligands can transfer an electron to the iron [Y. Jiang, P.R. Ortiz de Montellano, Inorg. Chem. 47 (2008) 3480-3482 ], indicate that a selenyl radical is formed in the hHO-1 His25SeCys mutant that adds to a heme vinyl group.

A new name and seventeen new combinations in the Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) of China and Vietnam.

PubMed

Callaghan, Chris; Png, Siak-Khoon Sk

2013-12-01

A new name is proposed and seventeen new combinations are made as a result of the previous reduction of the remaining genera of subfamily Magnolioideae (Magnoliaceae) into the genus Magnolia. The replacement name Magnolia fansipanensis is proposed for Manglietia crassifolia Q. N. Vu et al., since its transfer to Magnolia would create an illegitimate later homonym of the fossil name M. crassifolia Göpp. A further 17 new combinations are made to transfer the following taxa to Magnolia: Manglietia guangzhouensis A. Q. Dong et al., M. kaifui Q. W. Zeng & X. M. Hu, M. lawii N. H. Xia & W. F. Liao, plus Michelia concinna H. Jiang & E. D. Liu, M. jianfenglingensis G. A. Fu & K. Pan, M. viridipetala Y. W. Law et al., M. wuzhishangensis G. A. Fu & K. Pan, M. xianianhei Q. N. Vu and Yulania carnosa D. L. Fu & D. L. Zhang, Y. cuneatofolia T. B. Chao (probably Zhao) et al., Y. dabieshanensis T. B. Zhao et al., Y. dimorpha T. B. Zhao & Z. X. Chen, Y. fragarigynandria T. B. Zhao et al., Y. shirenshanensis D. L. Fu & T. B. Zhao, Y. shizhenii D. L. Fu & F. W. Li, Y. verrucata D. L. Fu et al. and Y. xinyangensis T. B. Zhao et al. The transfer of the above taxa to Magnolia is necessary following the present almost universal recognition of Magnolioideae as one of two monogeneric subfamilies within Magnoliaceae.

New development of China's population programme.

PubMed

Peng, P

1998-06-01

This article presents excerpts of a speech presented by the State Family Planning Commissioner of China at the UNFPA headquarters. Madame Peng Peiyun indicated that China has adopted some new decision-making processes as a follow-up to the 1994 ICPD Plan of Action. President Jiang Zemin stated that sustainable development must be achieved as part of the movement toward modernization. China places great importance on balancing population growth, social production, economic development, resources, and the environment. In 1995, the State Family Planning Commission changed its guidelines and approaches by integrating family planning (FP) within socioeconomic development and shifting to an interest oriented program integrated with social restraints and integrating FP publicity and education with comprehensive services and modern management. The FP program should meet the needs for reproductive health and contraception and be integrated within poverty alleviation and economic development schemes in rural areas. The aim is to build happy and more civil-minded farming families. Attention should be directed to the interests of farmers and the physical and psychological health of women. Programs should be voluntary. Many poverty reduction programs operated in the early 1990s. Pilot programs were established in 1995, in 11 selected counties and urban districts. The aim was to improve grassroots efforts to meet clients' needs for quality reproductive health and contraception. In 1994, providers received upgrading of skills. As the most populous country in the world, China needs UNFPA support in stabilizing population growth.

Comparison of snow depth retrieval algorithm in Northeastern China based on AMSR2 and FY3B-MWRI data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Xintong; Gu, Lingjia; Ren, Ruizhi; Zhou, Tingting

2017-09-01

Snow accumulation has a very important influence on the natural environment and human activities. Meanwhile, improving the estimation accuracy of passive microwave snow depth (SD) retrieval is a hotspot currently. Northeastern China is a typical snow study area including many different land cover types, such as forest, grassland and farmland. Especially, there is relatively stable snow accumulation in January every year. The brightness temperatures which are observed by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) on GCOM-W1 and FengYun3B Microwave Radiation Imager (FY3B-MWRI) in the same period in 2013 are selected as the study data in the research. The results of snow depth retrieval using AMSR2 standard algorithm and Jiang's FY operational algorithm are compared in the research. Moreover, to validate the accuracy of the two algorithms, the retrieval results are compared with the SD data observed at the national meteorological stations in Northeastern China. Furthermore, the retrieval SD is also compared with AMSR2 and FY standard SD products, respectively. The root mean square errors (RMSE) results using AMSR2 standard algorithms and FY operational algorithm are close in the forest surface, which are 6.33cm and 6.28cm, respectively. However, The FY operational algorithm shows a better result than the AMSR2 standard algorithms in the grassland and farmland surface. The RMSE results using FY operational algorithm in the grassland and farmland surface are 2.44cm and 6.13cm, respectively.

3D Visualization Tools to Support Soil Management In Relation to Sustainable Agriculture and Ecosystem Services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chen

2017-04-01

game engines as tools for supporting archaeology and the reconstruction of cultural heritage - the case-study of the Roman villa of Casal de Freiria, Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(12): 3296-3308. Wang, C., Miller, D.R., Brown I., Jiang Y., Castellazzi M, "Visualisation Techniques to Support Public Interpretation of Future Climate Change and Land Use Choices: A Case Study from N-E Scotland", International Journal of Digital Earth, Volume 9, Issue 6, pp.586-605, 2016. VLT, http://www.hutton.ac.uk/learning/exhibits/vlt Scotland's soil, http://www.soils-scotland.gov.uk/ Wang, C., Miller, D.R., Jiang Y., Donaldson-Selby, "Use of 3D Visualisation Tools for Representing Urban Greenspace Spatial Planning", 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering Shanghai, China, April 24-26, 2015. Tobias, S., Buser, T., Buchecker, M. (2016) Does real-time visualization support local stakeholders in developing landscape visions? Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design, 43: 84¨ C197. Li.Y, Zhu. A-Xing, Shi. Z, Liu. J and Du. F, "Supplemental sampling for digital soil mapping based on prediction uncertainty from both the feature domain and the spatial domain", The Global Journal of Soil Science, Volume 284, pp 73-84, 2016. Warren-Kretzschmar. B and Haaren, C, "Communicating spatial planning decisions at the landscape and farm level with landscape visualization", Journal of Biogeosciences and Forestry, volume 7, pp 434-442, 2014.

International Conference on Applied Sciences (ICAS2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lemle, Ludovic Dan; Jiang, Yiwen

2014-03-01

present new researches in the various fields of materials engineering, mechanical engineering, computers engineering, mathematical engineering and clinical engineering. It's our great pleasure to present this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering to the scientific community to promote further researches in these areas. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this volume will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the respective fields. All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the editors of the ICAS2013 proceedings, Ludovic Dan Lemle and Yiwen Jiang. Special thanks should be directed to the organizing committee for their tremendous efforts in organizing the conference: General Chair Zhou Laixin, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Co-chairs Du Qifa, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Serban Viorel-Aurel, ''Politehnica'' University of Timişoara Fen Youmei, Wuhan University Lin Pinghua, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Members Lin Darong, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Guo Zhonghou, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Sun Honghong, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan Liu Dong, Military Economics Academy of Wuhan We thank the authors for their contributions and we would also like to express our gratitude everyone who contributed to this conference, especially for the generous support of the sponsor: micromega S C Micro-Mega HD S A Ludovic Dan Lemle and Yiwen Jiang Coordinators of the Scientific Committee of ICAS2013 Deatails of organizers and members of the scientific commmittee are available in the PDF

Design of a compact, permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source for proton and H2(+) beam production.

PubMed

Jia, Xianlu; Zhang, Tianjue; Luo, Shan; Wang, Chuan; Zheng, Xia; Yin, Zhiguo; Zhong, Junqing; Wu, Longcheng; Qin, Jiuchang

2010-02-01

A 2.45 GHz microwave ion source was developed at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for proton beam production of over 60 mA [B.-Q. Cui, Y.-W. Bao, L.-Q. Li, W.-S. Jiang, and R.-W. Wang, Proceedings of the High Current Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Source for Proton Accelerator, APAC-2001, 2001 (unpublished)]. For various proton beam applications, another 2.45 GHz microwave ion source with a compact structure is designed and will be built at CIAE as well for high current proton beam production. It is also considered to be used for the test of H(2)(+) beam, which could be injected into the central region model cyclotron at CIAE, and accelerated to 5 MeV before extraction by stripping. The required ECR magnetic field is supplied by all the permanent magnets rather than electrical solenoids and six poles. The magnetic field distribution provided by this permanent magnets configuration is a large and uniformly volume of ECR zone, with central magnetic field of a magnitude of approximately 875 Gs [T. Taylor and J. S. C. Wills, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 309, 37 (1991)]. The field adjustment at the extraction end can be implemented by moving the position of the magnet blocks. The results of plasma, coupling with 2.45 GHz microwave in the ECR zone inside the ion source are simulated by particle-in-cell code to optimize the density by adjusting the magnetic field distribution. The design configuration of the ion source will be summarized in the paper.

Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the MW 9.2 1964 earthquake

USGS Publications Warehouse

Suleimani, E.; Hansen, R.; Haeussler, Peter J.

2009-01-01

We use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations to study tsunami waves in Resurrection Bay, in south-central Alaska. The town of Seward, located at the head of Resurrection Bay, was hit hard by both tectonic and local landslide-generated tsunami waves during the MW 9.2 1964 earthquake with an epicenter located about 150 km northeast of Seward. Recent studies have estimated the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay during the earthquake to be about 211 million m3. Resurrection Bay is a glacial fjord with large tidal ranges and sediments accumulating on steep underwater slopes at a high rate. Also, it is located in a seismically active region above the Aleutian megathrust. All these factors make the town vulnerable to locally generated waves produced by underwater slope failures. Therefore it is crucial to assess the tsunami hazard related to local landslide-generated tsunamis in Resurrection Bay in order to conduct comprehensive tsunami inundation mapping at Seward. We use numerical modeling to recreate the landslides and tsunami waves of the 1964 earthquake to test the hypothesis that the local tsunami in Resurrection Bay has been produced by a number of different slope failures. We find that numerical results are in good agreement with the observational data, and the model could be employed to evaluate landslide tsunami hazard in Alaska fjords for the purposes of tsunami hazard mitigation. ?? Birkh??user Verlag, Basel 2009.

On the value-dependence of value-driven attentional capture.

PubMed

Anderson, Brian A; Halpern, Madeline

2017-05-01

Findings from an increasingly large number of studies have been used to argue that attentional capture can be dependent on the learned value of a stimulus, or value-driven. However, under certain circumstances attention can be biased to select stimuli that previously served as targets, independent of reward history. Value-driven attentional capture, as studied using the training phase-test phase design introduced by Anderson and colleagues, is widely presumed to reflect the combined influence of learned value and selection history. However, the degree to which attentional capture is at all dependent on value learning in this paradigm has recently been questioned. Support for value-dependence can be provided through one of two means: (1) greater attentional capture by prior targets following rewarded training than following unrewarded training, and (2) greater attentional capture by prior targets previously associated with high compared to low value. Using a variant of the original value-driven attentional capture paradigm, Sha and Jiang (Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 78, 403-414, 2016) failed to find evidence of either, and raised criticisms regarding the adequacy of evidence provided by prior studies using this particular paradigm. To address this disparity, here we provided a stringent test of the value-dependence hypothesis using the traditional value-driven attentional capture paradigm. With a sufficiently large sample size, value-dependence was observed based on both criteria, with no evidence of attentional capture without rewards during training. Our findings support the validity of the traditional value-driven attentional capture paradigm in measuring what its name purports to measure.

On the Value-Dependence of Value-Driven Attentional Capture

PubMed Central

Anderson, Brian A.; Halpern, Madeline

2017-01-01

Findings from an increasingly large number of studies have been used to argue that attentional capture can be dependent on the learned value of a stimulus, or value-driven. However, under certain circumstances attention can be biased to select stimuli that previously served as targets, independent of reward history. Value-driven attentional capture, as studied using the training phase-test phase design introduced by Anderson and colleagues, is widely presumed to reflect the combined influence of learned value and selection history. However, the degree to which attentional capture is at all dependent on value learning in this paradigm has recently been questioned. Support for value-dependence can be provided through one of two means: (1) greater attentional capture by prior targets following rewarded training than following unrewarded training, and (2) greater attentional capture by prior targets previously associated with high compared to low value. Using a variant of the original value-driven attentional capture paradigm, Sha and Jiang (2016) failed to find evidence of either, and raised criticisms regarding the adequacy of evidence provided by prior studies using this particular paradigm. To address this disparity, here we provided a stringent test of the value-dependence hypothesis using the traditional value-driven attentional capture paradigm. With a sufficiently large sample size, value-dependence was observed based on both criteria, with no evidence of attentional capture without rewards during training. Our findings support the validity of the traditional value-driven attentional capture paradigm in measuring what its name purports to measure. PMID:28176215

Shipboard Measurements During ACE-Asia: an Overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bates, T. S.; Uematsu, M.; Miura, K.

2001-12-01

Shipboard measurements of aerosol properties and related parameters were conducted from the US NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown and the Japanese R/V Mirai (MR01-K02) during the ACE-Asia Intensive Field Program (http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia/). The R/V Brown cruise (14 March - 20 April 2001), with scientists from 22 research institutions, included measurements across the Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to Japan, in the East China Sea and in the Sea of Japan. Measurements were coordinated with the US NSF/NCAR C-130, US CIRPAS Twin Otter, and the Australian ARA King Air Aircraft, Terra and SeaWiFS satellite overpasses, and the ground station at Hachijo, Japan. Distinct aerosol and trace gas signatures were observed from the Miyakejima volcano, the deserts of China and Mongolia, the Chang Jiang Basin, the Korean Peninsula and the islands of Japan. The R/V Mirai cruise (14 - 28 May 2001), with scientists from 10 research institutions, focused on the region east of Japan along 146.5 E from 30 N to 38 N. Enhanced concentrations of radon and super-micron aerosol were measured in a post-frontal air mass along the 146.5 E transect. Observations from a Kytoon and the NIES two-wavelength (1064 nm and 532 nm) dual-polarization lidar detected dust and sulfate aerosol plumes from the Asian continent. The vertical distribution patterns of the dust and sulfate aerosols qualitatively agreed with the model prediction by the Chemical Weather Forecasting System (CFORS).

Spin-dependent tunneling effects in magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Li

2009-03-01

It has long been known that current extracted from magnetic electrodes through ultra thin oxide tunnel barriers is spin polarized. This current gives rise to two important properties: tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) when the tunnel barrier is sandwiched between two thin magnetic electrodes and, spin momentum transfer, which can be used to manipulate the magnetic state of the magnetic electrodes. In the first part of my talk I show how the structure of thin CoFe layers can be made amorphous by simply sandwiching them between two amorphous layers, one of them the tunnel barrier. No glass forming elements are needed. By slightly changing the thickness of these layers or by heating them above their glass transition temperature they become crystalline. Surprisingly, the TMR of the amorphous structure is significantly higher than of its crystalline counterpart. The tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance, which has complex voltage dependence, is also discussed. In the second part of my talk I discuss the microwave emission spectrum from magnetic tunnel junctions induced by spin torque from spin polarized dc current passed through the device. We show that the spectrum is very sensitive to small variations in device structures, even in those devices which exhibit similarly high TMR (˜120%) and which have similar resistance-area products (˜4-10 φμm^2). We speculate that these variations are due to non-uniform spatial magnetic excitation arising from inhomogeneous current flow through the tunnel barrier. [In collaboration with Xin Jiang, M. Hayashi, Rai Moriya, Brian Hughes, Teya Topuria, Phil Rice, and Stuart S.P. Parkin

Secure Logistic Regression Based on Homomorphic Encryption: Design and Evaluation.

PubMed

Kim, Miran; Song, Yongsoo; Wang, Shuang; Xia, Yuhou; Jiang, Xiaoqian

2018-04-17

Learning a model without accessing raw data has been an intriguing idea to security and machine learning researchers for years. In an ideal setting, we want to encrypt sensitive data to store them on a commercial cloud and run certain analyses without ever decrypting the data to preserve privacy. Homomorphic encryption technique is a promising candidate for secure data outsourcing, but it is a very challenging task to support real-world machine learning tasks. Existing frameworks can only handle simplified cases with low-degree polynomials such as linear means classifier and linear discriminative analysis. The goal of this study is to provide a practical support to the mainstream learning models (eg, logistic regression). We adapted a novel homomorphic encryption scheme optimized for real numbers computation. We devised (1) the least squares approximation of the logistic function for accuracy and efficiency (ie, reduce computation cost) and (2) new packing and parallelization techniques. Using real-world datasets, we evaluated the performance of our model and demonstrated its feasibility in speed and memory consumption. For example, it took approximately 116 minutes to obtain the training model from the homomorphically encrypted Edinburgh dataset. In addition, it gives fairly accurate predictions on the testing dataset. We present the first homomorphically encrypted logistic regression outsourcing model based on the critical observation that the precision loss of classification models is sufficiently small so that the decision plan stays still. ©Miran Kim, Yongsoo Song, Shuang Wang, Yuhou Xia, Xiaoqian Jiang. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http://medinform.jmir.org), 17.04.2018.

Quantum Monte Carlo Studies of Interaction-Induced Localization in Quantum Dots and Wires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devrim Güçlü, A.

2009-03-01

We investigate interaction-induced localization of electrons in both quantum dots and inhomogeneous quantum wires using variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo methods. Quantum dots and wires are highly tunable systems that enable the study of the physics of strongly correlated electrons. With decreasing electronic density, interactions become stronger and electrons are expected to localize at their classical positions, as in Wigner crystallization in an infinite 2D system. (1) Dots: We show that the addition energy shows a clear progression from features associated with shell structure to those caused by commensurability of a Wigner crystal. This cross-over is, then, a signature of localization; it occurs near rs˜20. For higher values of rs, the configuration symmetry of the quantum dot becomes fully consistent with the classical ground state. (2) Wires: We study an inhomogeneous quasi-one-dimensional system -- a wire with two regions, one at low density and the other high. We find that strong localization occurs in the low density quantum point contact region as the gate potential is increased. The nature of the transition from high to low density depends on the density gradient -- if it is steep, a barrier develops between the two regions, causing Coulomb blockade effects. We find no evidence for ferromagnetic spin polarization for the range of parameters studied. The picture emerging here is in good agreement with the experimental measurements of tunneling between two wires. Collaborators: C. J. Umrigar (Cornell), Hong Jiang (Fritz Haber Institut), Amit Ghosal (IISER Calcutta), and H. U. Baranger (Duke).

Electronic and structural response of nanomaterials to ultrafast and ultraintense laser pulses.

PubMed

Jiang, Chen-Wei; Zhou, Xiang; Lin, Zhibin; Xie, Rui-Hua; Li, Fu-Li; Allen, Roland E

2014-02-01

The interaction of materials with ultrafast and ultraintense laser pulses is a current frontier of science both experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we briefly discuss some recent theoretical studies by the present authors with our method of semiclassical electron-radiation-ion dynamics (SERID). In particular, Zhou et al. and Jiang et al. respectively, determined the optimal duration and optimal timing for a series of femtosecond scale laser pulses to excite a specific vibrational mode in a general chemical system. A set of such modes can be used as a "fingerprint" for characterizing a particular molecule or a complex in a solid. One can therefore envision many applications, ranging from fundamental studies to detection of chemical or biological agents. Allen et al. proved that dimers are preferentially emitted during photofragmentation of C60 under an ultrafast and ultraintense laser pulse. For interactions between laser pulses and semiconductors, e.g., GaAs, Si and InSb, besides experimentally accessible optical properties--epsilon(omega) and chi(2)-Allen et al. offered many other indicators to confirm the nonthermal nature of structural changes driven by electronic excitations and occurring during the first few hundred femtoseconds. Lin et al. found that, after the application of a femtosecond laser pulse, excited electrons in materials automatically equilibrate to a Fermi-Dirac distribution within roughly 100 fs, solely because of their coupling to the nuclear motion, even though the resulting electronic temperature is one to two orders of magnitude higher than the kinetic temperature defined by the nuclear motion.

Widespread dispersal of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera.

PubMed

Klee, Julia; Besana, Andrea M; Genersch, Elke; Gisder, Sebastian; Nanetti, Antonio; Tam, Dinh Quyet; Chinh, Tong Xuan; Puerta, Francisco; Ruz, José Maria; Kryger, Per; Message, Dejair; Hatjina, Fani; Korpela, Seppo; Fries, Ingemar; Paxton, Robert J

2007-09-01

The economically most important honey bee species, Apis mellifera, was formerly considered to be parasitized by one microsporidian, Nosema apis. Recently, [Higes, M., Martín, R., Meana, A., 2006. Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honeybees in Europe, J. Invertebr. Pathol. 92, 93-95] and [Huang, W.-F., Jiang, J.-H., Chen, Y.-W., Wang, C.-H., 2007. A Nosema ceranae isolate from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Apidologie 38, 30-37] used 16S (SSU) rRNA gene sequences to demonstrate the presence of Nosema ceranae in A. mellifera from Spain and Taiwan, respectively. We developed a rapid method to differentiate between N. apis and N. ceranae based on PCR-RFLPs of partial SSU rRNA. The reliability of the method was confirmed by sequencing 29 isolates from across the world (N =9 isolates gave N. apis RFLPs and sequences, N =20 isolates gave N. ceranae RFLPs and sequences; 100% correct classification). We then employed the method to analyze N =115 isolates from across the world. Our data, combined with N =36 additional published sequences demonstrate that (i) N. ceranae most likely jumped host to A. mellifera, probably within the last decade, (ii) that host colonies and individuals may be co-infected by both microsporidia species, and that (iii) N. ceranae is now a parasite of A. mellifera across most of the world. The rapid, long-distance dispersal of N. ceranae is likely due to transport of infected honey bees by commercial or hobbyist beekeepers. We discuss the implications of this emergent pathogen for worldwide beekeeping.

Next Generation Protein Interactomes for Plant Systems Biology and Biomass Feedstock Research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ecker, Joseph Robert; Trigg, Shelly; Garza, Renee

Biofuel crop cultivation is a necessary step in heading towards a sustainable future, making their genomic studies a priority. While technology platforms that currently exist for studying non-model crop species, like switch-grass or sorghum, have yielded large quantities of genomic and expression data, still a large gap exists between molecular mechanism and phenotype. The aspect of molecular activity at the level of protein-protein interactions has recently begun to bridge this gap, providing a more global perspective. Interactome analysis has defined more specific functional roles of proteins based on their interaction partners, neighborhoods, and other network features, making it possible tomore » distinguish unique modules of immune response to different plant pathogens(Jiang, Dong, and Zhang 2016). As we work towards cultivating heartier biofuel crops, interactome data will lead to uncovering crop-specific defense and development networks. However, the collection of protein interaction data has been limited to expensive, time-consuming, hard-to-scale assays that mostly require cloned ORF collections. For these reasons, we have successfully developed a highly scalable, economical, and sensitive yeast two-hybrid assay, ProCREate, that can be universally applied to generate proteome-wide primary interactome data. ProCREate enables en masse pooling and massively paralleled sequencing for the identification of interacting proteins by exploiting Cre-lox recombination. ProCREate can be used to screen ORF/cDNA libraries from feedstock plant tissues. The interactome data generated will yield deeper insight into many molecular processes and pathways that can be used to guide improvement of feedstock productivity and sustainability.« less

Addressing the too big to fail problem with baryon physics and sterile neutrino dark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lovell, Mark R.; Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta; Bose, Sownak; Boyarsky, Alexey; Cole, Shaun; Frenk, Carlos S.; Ruchayskiy, Oleg

2017-07-01

N-body dark matter simulations of structure formation in the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model predict a population of subhaloes within Galactic haloes that have higher central densities than inferred for the Milky Way satellites, a tension known as the 'too big to fail' problem. Proposed solutions include baryonic effects, a smaller mass for the Milky Way halo and warm dark matter (WDM). We test these possibilities using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to generate luminosity functions for Milky Way halo-analogue satellite populations, the results of which are then coupled to the Jiang & van den Bosch model of subhalo stripping to predict the subhalo Vmax functions for the 10 brightest satellites. We find that selecting the brightest satellites (as opposed to the most massive) and modelling the expulsion of gas by supernovae at early times increases the likelihood of generating the observed Milky Way satellite Vmax function. The preferred halo mass is 6 × 1011 M⊙, which has a 14 per cent probability to host a Vmax function like that of the Milky Way satellites. We conclude that the Milky Way satellite Vmax function is compatible with a CDM cosmology, as previously found by Sawala et al. using hydrodynamic simulations. Sterile neutrino-WDM models achieve a higher degree of agreement with the observations, with a maximum 50 per cent chance of generating the observed Milky Way satellite Vmax function. However, more work is required to check that the semi-analytic stripping model is calibrated correctly for each sterile neutrino cosmology.

The ATTA-Hefei Instrument for Radioactive Noble-gas Dating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, S.; Cheng, C.; Cheng, G.; Sun, Y. R.; Tu, L.; Yang, G.

2013-12-01

Long-lived noble-gas isotopes 85Kr (10.8 y), 39Ar (269 y) and 81Kr (229 ky) are ideal tracers for dating environmental samples such as groundwater and ice. Together with 14C, these nuclides can be used to cover the whole range of 100-106 y. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) is an emerging method for the analysis of these isotopes at an isotopic abundance level as low as 10^-16 [1,2]. The ATTA instrument built in Hefei, China, can determine the isotopic abundances of 85Kr and 81Kr with typically 5-10% accuracy using krypton gas samples of a few micro-liters (STP) krypton gas [3]. The krypton gas sample can be extracted from several liters of air using a distillation-chromatograph setup with a typical efficiency of 85%, while the air sample can be extracted from groundwater or ices. The typical sample size for ATTA measurement is 100L groundwater or 40Kg ices. One such ATTA beamline can handle about 100 samples per year. [1] Chen, C. Y. et al. Ultrasensitive isotope trace analyses with a magneto-optical trap. Science 286, 1139-1141 (1999). [2] Jiang, W. et al. 39Ar detection at the 10-16 isotopic abundance level with atom trap trace analysis. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 103001 (2011). [3] Yang, G. -M. et al. Analysis of 85Kr: a comparison at the 10-14 level using micro-liter samples, Sci. Rep. 3, 1596 (2013). Relative uncertainty of the determined 85Kr abundance by the ATTA-Hefei instrument.

Loss or major reduction of umami taste sensation in pinnipeds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Jun J.; Wolsan, Mieczyslaw

2012-08-01

Umami is one of basic tastes that humans and other vertebrates can perceive. This taste is elicited by L-amino acids and thus has a special role of detecting nutritious, protein-rich food. The T1R1 + T1R3 heterodimer acts as the principal umami receptor. The T1R1 protein is encoded by the Tas1r1 gene. We report multiple inactivating (pseudogenizing) mutations in exon 3 of this gene from four phocid and two otariid species (Pinnipedia). Jiang et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:4956-4961, 2012) reported two inactivating mutations in exons 2 and 6 of this gene from another otariid species. These findings suggest lost or greatly reduced umami sensory capabilities in these species. The widespread occurrence of a nonfunctional Tas1r1 pseudogene in this clade of strictly carnivorous mammals is surprising. We hypothesize that factors underlying the pseudogenization of Tas1r1 in pinnipeds may be driven by the marine environment to which these carnivorans (Carnivora) have adapted and may include: the evolutionary change in diet from tetrapod prey to fish and cephalopods (because cephalopods and living fish contain little or no synergistic inosine 5'-monophosphate that greatly enhances umami taste), the feeding behavior of swallowing food whole without mastication (because the T1R1 + T1R3 receptor is distributed on the tongue and palate), and the saltiness of sea water (because a high concentration of sodium chloride masks umami taste).

From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search

PubMed Central

Zang, Xuelian; Geyer, Thomas; Assumpção, Leonardo; Müller, Hermann J.; Shi, Zhuanghua

2016-01-01

Selective attention determines the effectiveness of implicit contextual learning (e.g., Jiang and Leung, 2005). Visual foreground-background segmentation, on the other hand, is a key process in the guidance of attention (Wolfe, 2003). In the present study, we examined the impact of foreground-background segmentation on contextual cueing of visual search in three experiments. A visual search display, consisting of distractor ‘L’s and a target ‘T’, was overlaid on a task-neutral cuboid on the same depth plane (Experiment 1), on stereoscopically separated depth planes (Experiment 2), or spread over the entire display on the same depth plane (Experiment 3). Half of the search displays contained repeated target-distractor arrangements, whereas the other half was always newly generated. The task-neutral cuboid was constant during an initial training session, but was either rotated by 90° or entirely removed in the subsequent test sessions. We found that the gains resulting from repeated presentation of display arrangements during training (i.e., contextual-cueing effects) were diminished when the cuboid was changed or removed in Experiment 1, but remained intact in Experiments 2 and 3 when the cuboid was placed in a different depth plane, or when the items were randomly spread over the whole display but not on the edges of the cuboid. These findings suggest that foreground-background segmentation occurs prior to contextual learning, and only objects/arrangements that are grouped as foreground are learned over the course of repeated visual search. PMID:27375530

The effects of shared information on semantic calculations in the gene ontology.

PubMed

Bible, Paul W; Sun, Hong-Wei; Morasso, Maria I; Loganantharaj, Rasiah; Wei, Lai

2017-01-01

The structured vocabulary that describes gene function, the gene ontology (GO), serves as a powerful tool in biological research. One application of GO in computational biology calculates semantic similarity between two concepts to make inferences about the functional similarity of genes. A class of term similarity algorithms explicitly calculates the shared information (SI) between concepts then substitutes this calculation into traditional term similarity measures such as Resnik, Lin, and Jiang-Conrath. Alternative SI approaches, when combined with ontology choice and term similarity type, lead to many gene-to-gene similarity measures. No thorough investigation has been made into the behavior, complexity, and performance of semantic methods derived from distinct SI approaches. We apply bootstrapping to compare the generalized performance of 57 gene-to-gene semantic measures across six benchmarks. Considering the number of measures, we additionally evaluate whether these methods can be leveraged through ensemble machine learning to improve prediction performance. Results showed that the choice of ontology type most strongly influenced performance across all evaluations. Combining measures into an ensemble classifier reduces cross-validation error beyond any individual measure for protein interaction prediction. This improvement resulted from information gained through the combination of ontology types as ensemble methods within each GO type offered no improvement. These results demonstrate that multiple SI measures can be leveraged for machine learning tasks such as automated gene function prediction by incorporating methods from across the ontologies. To facilitate future research in this area, we developed the GO Graph Tool Kit (GGTK), an open source C++ library with Python interface (github.com/paulbible/ggtk).

Invited commentary: boundless science--putting natural direct and indirect effects in a clearer empirical context.

PubMed

Naimi, Ashley I

2015-07-15

Epidemiologists are increasingly using natural effects for applied mediation analyses, yet 1 key identifying assumption is unintuitive and subject to some controversy. In this issue of the Journal, Jiang and VanderWeele (Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(2):105-108) formalize the conditions under which the difference method can be used to estimate natural indirect effects. In this commentary, I discuss implications of the controversial "cross-worlds" independence assumption needed to identify natural effects. I argue that with a binary mediator, a simple modification of the authors' approach will provide bounds for natural direct and indirect effect estimates that better reflect the capacity of the available data to support empirical statements on the presence of mediated effects. I discuss complications encountered when odds ratios are used to decompose effects, as well as the implications of incorrectly assuming the absence of exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders. I note that the former problem can be entirely resolved using collapsible measures of effect, such as risk ratios. In the Appendix, I use previous derivations for natural direct effect bounds on the risk difference scale to provide bounds on the odds ratio scale that accommodate 1) uncertainty due to the cross-world independence assumption and 2) uncertainty due to the cross-world independence assumption and the presence of exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Electron Thermionic Emission from Graphene and a Thermionic Energy Converter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Shi-Jun; Ang, L. K.

2015-01-01

In this paper, we propose a model to investigate the electron thermionic emission from single-layer graphene (ignoring the effects of the substrate) and to explore its application as the emitter of a thermionic energy converter (TIC). An analytical formula is derived, which is a function of the temperature, work function, and Fermi energy level. The formula is significantly different from the traditional Richardson-Dushman (RD) law for which it is independent of mass to account for the supply function of the electrons in the graphene behaving like massless fermion quasiparticles. By comparing with a recent experiment [K. Jiang et al., Nano Res. 7, 553 (2014)] measuring electron thermionic emission from suspended single-layer graphene, our model predicts that the intrinsic work function of single-layer graphene is about 4.514 eV with a Fermi energy level of 0.083 eV. For a given work function, a scaling of T3 is predicted, which is different from the traditional RD scaling of T2. If the work function of the graphene is lowered to 2.5-3 eV and the Fermi energy level is increased to 0.8-0.9 eV, it is possible to design a graphene-cathode-based TIC operating at around 900 K or lower, as compared with the metal-based cathode TIC (operating at about 1500 K). With a graphene-based cathode (work function=4.514 eV ) at 900 K and a metallic-based anode (work function=2.5 eV ) like LaB6 at 425 K, the efficiency of our proposed TIC is about 45%.

Magnetic and superconducting phase diagram of Nb/Gd/Nb trilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khaydukov, Yu. N.; Vasenko, A. S.; Kravtsov, E. A.; Progliado, V. V.; Zhaketov, V. D.; Csik, A.; Nikitenko, Yu. V.; Petrenko, A. V.; Keller, T.; Golubov, A. A.; Kupriyanov, M. Yu.; Ustinov, V. V.; Aksenov, V. L.; Keimer, B.

2018-04-01

We report on a study of the structural, magnetic, and superconducting properties of Nb (25 nm ) /Gd (df) /Nb (25 nm ) hybrid structures of a superconductor/ ferromagnet (S/F) type. The structural characterization of the samples, including careful determination of the layer thickness, was performed using neutron and x-ray scattering with the aid of depth-sensitive mass spectrometry. The magnetization of the samples was determined by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and polarized neutron reflectometry, and the presence of magnetic ordering for all samples down to the thinnest Gd(0.8 nm) layer was shown. The analysis of the neutron spin asymmetry allowed us to prove the absence of magnetically dead layers in junctions with Gd interlayer thickness larger than one monolayer. The measured dependence of the superconducting transition temperature Tc(df) has a damped oscillatory behavior with well-defined positions of the minimum at df=3 nm and the following maximum at df=4 nm, in qualitative agreement with prior work [J. S. Jiang et al., Phys. Rev. B 54, 6119 (1996), 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.6119]. We use a theoretical approach based on the Usadel equations to analyze the experimental Tc(df) dependence. The analysis shows that the observed minimum at df=3 nm can be described by the so-called zero to π phase transitions of highly transparent S/F interfaces with a superconducting correlation length ξf≈4 nm in Gd. This penetration length is several times higher than for strong ferromagnets like Fe, Co, and Ni, thus simplifying the preparation of S/F structures with df˜ξf which are of topical interest in superconducting spintronics.

Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased.

PubMed

Jiang, Heng; Callinan, Sarah; Livingston, Michael; Room, Robin

2017-03-01

To delineate what type and how much alcohol is purchased from different types of off-licence premises and how this varies across demographic sub-groups, as a basis for public debate and decisions on pricing and planning policies to reduce alcohol-related harm in Australia. The data on alcohol purchasing from off-licence premises are taken from the Australian Alcohol Consumption and Purchasing survey-a nationally representative landline and mobile telephone survey in 2013 on the experiences with alcohol consumption and purchasing of 2020 Australians aged 16+. The present analysis uses data from 1730 respondents who purchased alcohol from off-licence premises in the previous 6 months. The majority (54%) of alcohol purchased from off-licence premises was sold from liquor barns (large warehouse-style alcohol stores), with bottle shops (31%) the second most common outlet. Cask wine was the cheapest alcohol available at off-licence premises in Australia. Respondents in higher alcohol purchasing quintiles and with those with lower income purchased a higher percentage of cheaper alcohol in their total volume of purchasing than lower purchasing quintiles and those with middle and higher income, and younger respondents purchased more expensive alcohol than older age groups. A minimum unit price or increasing alcohol taxes may effectively reduce alcohol purchasing for lower income heavy alcohol purchasers and older age groups from off-licence premise sources, and may be less effective on younger age groups. [Jiang H, Callinan S, Livingston M, Room R. Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:210-219]. © 2016 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

An improved approach to infer protein-protein interaction based on a hierarchical vector space model.

PubMed

Zhang, Jiongmin; Jia, Ke; Jia, Jinmeng; Qian, Ying

2018-04-27

Comparing and classifying functions of gene products are important in today's biomedical research. The semantic similarity derived from the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation has been regarded as one of the most widely used indicators for protein interaction. Among the various approaches proposed, those based on the vector space model are relatively simple, but their effectiveness is far from satisfying. We propose a Hierarchical Vector Space Model (HVSM) for computing semantic similarity between different genes or their products, which enhances the basic vector space model by introducing the relation between GO terms. Besides the directly annotated terms, HVSM also takes their ancestors and descendants related by "is_a" and "part_of" relations into account. Moreover, HVSM introduces the concept of a Certainty Factor to calibrate the semantic similarity based on the number of terms annotated to genes. To assess the performance of our method, we applied HVSM to Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein-protein interaction datasets. Compared with TCSS, Resnik, and other classic similarity measures, HVSM achieved significant improvement for distinguishing positive from negative protein interactions. We also tested its correlation with sequence, EC, and Pfam similarity using online tool CESSM. HVSM showed an improvement of up to 4% compared to TCSS, 8% compared to IntelliGO, 12% compared to basic VSM, 6% compared to Resnik, 8% compared to Lin, 11% compared to Jiang, 8% compared to Schlicker, and 11% compared to SimGIC using AUC scores. CESSM test showed HVSM was comparable to SimGIC, and superior to all other similarity measures in CESSM as well as TCSS. Supplementary information and the software are available at https://github.com/kejia1215/HVSM .

Haplotype-Based Genome-Wide Prediction Models Exploit Local Epistatic Interactions Among Markers.

PubMed

Jiang, Yong; Schmidt, Renate H; Reif, Jochen C

2018-05-04

Genome-wide prediction approaches represent versatile tools for the analysis and prediction of complex traits. Mostly they rely on marker-based information, but scenarios have been reported in which models capitalizing on closely-linked markers that were combined into haplotypes outperformed marker-based models. Detailed comparisons were undertaken to reveal under which circumstances haplotype-based genome-wide prediction models are superior to marker-based models. Specifically, it was of interest to analyze whether and how haplotype-based models may take local epistatic effects between markers into account. Assuming that populations consisted of fully homozygous individuals, a marker-based model in which local epistatic effects inside haplotype blocks were exploited (LEGBLUP) was linearly transformable into a haplotype-based model (HGBLUP). This theoretical derivation formally revealed that haplotype-based genome-wide prediction models capitalize on local epistatic effects among markers. Simulation studies corroborated this finding. Due to its computational efficiency the HGBLUP model promises to be an interesting tool for studies in which ultra-high-density SNP data sets are studied. Applying the HGBLUP model to empirical data sets revealed higher prediction accuracies than for marker-based models for both traits studied using a mouse panel. In contrast, only a small subset of the traits analyzed in crop populations showed such a benefit. Cases in which higher prediction accuracies are observed for HGBLUP than for marker-based models are expected to be of immediate relevance for breeders, due to the tight linkage a beneficial haplotype will be preserved for many generations. In this respect the inheritance of local epistatic effects very much resembles the one of additive effects. Copyright © 2018 Jiang et al.

Comment on "Electron impact excitation of N-like ions from the ICFT R-matrix calculation" by HB Wang, G Jiang, XF Li, and ZC He in At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 120 (2018) 373-429

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aggarwal, Kanti M.

2018-03-01

The paper "Electron impact excitation of N-like ions from the ICFT R-matrix calculation" by Wang et al. [1] lacks details of calculations, presents only limited data, and has a few anomalies, as listed below.

Recent advances on reconstruction of climate and extreme events in China for the past 2000 year

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Jingyun; Hao, Zhixin; Ge, Quansheng; Liu, Yang

2016-04-01

of 1500-1900 were more frequent than that after 1950. The intensity of regional heat wave occurred in the context of recent global warming may not exceed the natural climate variability during the historical times. In the eastern monsoon region of China, the significant cycles of precipitation are 90-100a, 70-80a, 43-48a, 35a, 25-27a and 17-18a in North China Plain; 90-100a, 73-75a, 63-68a, 55a, 45a, 37a and 26a in Jiang-Huai area; and 85-100a, 75-77a, 58-65a, 37-39a, 31a and 26a in Jiang-Nan area; respectively. Whereas, the spatial pattern of drought/flood for all cold periods ensemble mean showed an east to west distribution, but for all warm periods ensemble mean showed a tri-pole pattern with drought in south of 25°N, flood in 25°-30°N, and drought in north of 30°N. The extreme drought events were more frequent at the periods of 301-400, 751-800, 1051-1150, 1501-1550 and 1601-1650, the extreme flood events were more frequent at the periods of 101-150, 251-300, 951-1000, 1701-1750, 1801-1850 and 1901-1950, and for the period of 1551-1600, the coexisting extreme drought and extreme flood events most frequently occurred. In arid area, China, it was characterized by a relatively dry in AD 1000-1350, a wet in AD 1500 to 1850 and tending to moisture in recent decades. In the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, there existed evident centennial oscillations for precipitation during the past 1000 years, with interruption of several multi-decadal severe drought events, which two prominent droughty events centered on AD1480s and AD 1710s. In the Southwest of China, the extreme droughts as severe as in Sichuan and Chongqing in 2006 have also been occurred during the historical times.

Assessment of NASA GISS CMIP5 and Post-CMIP5 Simulated Clouds and TOA Radiation Budgets Using Satellite Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stanfield, R. E.; Dong, X.; Xi, B.; Kennedy, A. D.; Del Genio, A. D.; Minnis, P.; Loeb, N. G.; Doelling, D.

2013-05-01

Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) Clouds are an extremely important part of the climate system. Their treatment in climate models is a large source of uncertainty that will harm future projection of the Earth's climate. Zhang et al. (2005, CMIP3) compared the GCMs simulated cloud fractions (CF) with NASA CERES and ISCCP results and found that most GCMs underestimated mid-latitude MBL clouds but overestimated their optical depth. The underestimated CF and overestimated cloud optical thickness in the models offset each other when calculating TOA radiation budgets. Recent studies (Jiang et al. 2012; Stanfield et al. 2013; and Dolinar et al. 2013) have found there has not been much improvement from CMIP3 to CMIP5 for MBL clouds. Most GCMs still simulate fewer mid-latitude MBL clouds. In this study, we compare the NASA GISS CMIP5 and Post-CMIP5 results with NASA CERES cloud properties (SYN1deg) and TOA radiation budgets (EBAF), as well as CloudSat-CALIPSO cloud products. Special attention has been paid over the Southern mid-latitudes (~ 30-60 °S) where the total cloud fractions can reach up to 80-90% with MBL clouds being the dominant cloud type. Comparisons have shown that the globally averaged total CFs and TOA radiation budgets from CMIP5 agreed well with satellite observations, however, there are significant regional differences. For example, most CMIP5 models underestimated MBL clouds over the Southern mid-latitudes, including the GISS GCM, resulting in less reflected (or more absorbed) shortwave flux at TOA. The preliminary results from NASA GISS post-CMIP5 have made many improvements, and agree much better with satellite observations. These improvements are attributed to a new PBL parameterization, where more/less clouds can be simulated when the PBL gets deeper/shallower. This update has a large effect on radiation and clouds.

Optical second harmonic spectroscopy of silicon-adsorbate surfaces and silicon nanocrystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Downer, Michael

2002-03-01

Second harmonic generation (SHG) provides a surface-specific, noninvasive probe of adsorbates. However, microscopic first-principles theory of adsorbate-specific spectroscopic SHG responses has proven elusive. Here we present experimental SHG spectra for six well-characterized, technologically important Si(001) surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV): clean Si(001)-2x1 and Si(001) terminated with hydrogen (H), [1] germanium (Ge), Ge and H, [2] boron (B) and B and H. [3] Each adsorbate (combination) alters SHG uniquely. Our microscopic theories based on ab initio pseudopotential or semi-empirical tight-binding (SETB) methods then explain observed trends, and predict new features in unexplored spectral regions. [3,4] Charge transfer among surface bonds is found to govern SHG spectroscopy of surface-adsorbate systems strongly. New results on SHG from Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 will also be presented. [5] SHG is sensitive to Si/SiO2 interface states, electrostatic charge on the nanocrystals, and macroscopic particle density gradients. Finally, a new frequency-domain interferometric second-harmonic (FDISH) spectroscopic technique to measure simultaneously the intensity and phase of SH radiation over a broad spectral range without laser tuning will be described. [6] 1. J. Dadap et al., Phys. Rev. B 56, 13367 (1997). 2. P. Parkinson et al., Appl. Phys. B 68, 641 (1999). 3. D. Lim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3406 (2000); Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 181 (2000). 4. V. Gavrilenko et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 1653 (2001); M. C. Downer et al., Surf. Interface Anal. 31, 966 (2001); M. C. Downer et al., phys. stat. sol. (a), in press (2001). 5. Y. Jiang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 766 (2001). 6. P. T. Wilson et al., Opt. Lett. 24, 496 (1999).

First-principles modeling of localized d states with the GW@LDA+U approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Hong; Gomez-Abal, Ricardo I.; Rinke, Patrick; Scheffler, Matthias

2010-07-01

First-principles modeling of systems with localized d states is currently a great challenge in condensed-matter physics. Density-functional theory in the standard local-density approximation (LDA) proves to be problematic. This can be partly overcome by including local Hubbard U corrections (LDA+U) but itinerant states are still treated on the LDA level. Many-body perturbation theory in the GW approach offers both a quasiparticle perspective (appropriate for itinerant states) and an exact treatment of exchange (appropriate for localized states), and is therefore promising for these systems. LDA+U has previously been viewed as an approximate GW scheme. We present here a derivation that is simpler and more general, starting from the static Coulomb-hole and screened exchange approximation to the GW self-energy. Following our previous work for f -electron systems [H. Jiang, R. I. Gomez-Abal, P. Rinke, and M. Scheffler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 126403 (2009)10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.126403] we conduct a systematic investigation of the GW method based on LDA+U(GW@LDA+U) , as implemented in our recently developed all-electron GW code FHI-gap (Green’s function with augmented plane waves) for a series of prototypical d -electron systems: (1) ScN with empty d states, (2) ZnS with semicore d states, and (3) late transition-metal oxides (MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO) with partially occupied d states. We show that for ZnS and ScN, the GW band gaps only weakly depend on U but for the other transition-metal oxides the dependence on U is as strong as in LDA+U . These different trends can be understood in terms of changes in the hybridization and screening. Our work demonstrates that GW@LDA+U with “physical” values of U provides a balanced and accurate description of both localized and itinerant states.

Unfolded-protein response–associated stabilization of p27(Cdkn1b) interferes with lens fiber cell denucleation, leading to cataract

PubMed Central

Lyu, Lei; Whitcomb, Elizabeth A.; Jiang, Shuhong; Chang, Min-Lee; Gu, Yumei; Duncan, Melinda K.; Cvekl, Ales; Wang, Wei-Lin; Limi, Saima; Reneker, Lixing W.; Shang, Fu; Du, Linfang; Taylor, Allen

2015-01-01

Failure of lens fiber cell denucleation (LFCD) is associated with congenital cataracts, but the pathobiology awaits elucidation. Recent work has suggested that mechanisms that direct the unidirectional process of LFCD are analogous to the cyclic processes associated with mitosis. We found that lens-specific mutations that elicit an unfolded-protein response (UPR) in vivo accumulate p27(Cdkn1b), show cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-1 inhibition, retain their LFC nuclei, and are cataractous. Although a UPR was not detected in lenses expressing K6W-Ub, they also accumulated p27 and showed failed LFCD. Induction of a UPR in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) also induced accumulation of p27 associated with decreased levels of S-phase kinase-associated protein (Skp)-2, a ubiquitin ligase that regulates mitosis. These cells also showed decreased lamin A/C phosphorylation and metaphase arrest. The suppression of lamin A/C phosphorylation and metaphase transition induced by the UPR was rescued by knockdown of p27. Taken together, these data indicate that accumulation of p27, whether related to the UPR or not, prevents the phosphorylation of lamin A/C and LFCD in maturing LFCs in vivo, as well as in dividing HLECs. The former leads to cataract and the latter to metaphase arrest. These results suggest that accumulation of p27 is a common mechanism underlying retention of LFC nuclei.—Lei, L., Whitcomb, E. A., Jiang, S., Chang, M.-L., Gu, Y., Duncan, M. K., Cvekl, A., Wang, W.-L., Limi, S., Reneker, L. W., Shang, F., Du, L., Taylor, A. Unfolded protein response–associated stabilization of p27(Cdkn1b) interferes with lens fiber cell denucleation, leading to cataract. PMID:26590164

Incorporation of New Convective Ice Microphysics into the NASA GISS GCM and Impacts on Cloud Ice Water Path (IWP) Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elsaesser, Greg; Del Genio, Anthony

2015-01-01

The CMIP5 configurations of the GISS Model-E2 GCM simulated a mid- and high latitude ice IWP that decreased by 50 relative to that simulated for CMIP3 (Jiang et al. 2012; JGR). Tropical IWP increased by 15 in CMIP5. While the tropical IWP was still within the published upper-bounds of IWP uncertainty derived using NASA A-Train satellite observations, it was found that the upper troposphere (200 mb) ice water content (IWC) exceeded the published upper-bound by a factor of 2. This was largely driven by IWC in deep-convecting regions of the tropics.Recent advances in the model-E2 convective parameterization have been found to have a substantial impact on tropical IWC. These advances include the development of both a cold pool parameterization (Del Genio et al. 2015) and new convective ice parameterization. In this presentation, we focus on the new parameterization of convective cloud ice that was developed using data from the NASA TC4 Mission. Ice particle terminal velocity formulations now include information from a number of NASA field campaigns. The new parameterization predicts both an ice water mass weighted-average particle diameter and a particle cross sectional area weighted-average size diameter as a function of temperature and ice water content. By assuming a gamma-distribution functional form for the particle size distribution, these two diameter estimates are all that are needed to explicitly predict the distribution of ice particles as a function of particle diameter.GCM simulations with the improved convective parameterization yield a 50 decrease in upper tropospheric IWC, bringing the tropical and global mean IWP climatologies into even closer agreement with the A-Train satellite observation best estimates.

Dual regulation of HMGB1 by combined JNK1/2-ATF2 axis with miR-200 family in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.

PubMed

Chen, Xin; Ling, Yan; Wei, Yanping; Tang, Jing; Ren, Yibing; Zhang, Baohua; Jiang, Feng; Li, Hengyu; Wang, Ruoyu; Wen, Wen; Lv, Guishuai; Wu, Mengchao; Chen, Lei; Li, Liang; Wang, Hongyang

2018-05-01

In the context of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, the inflammatory signaling has critical roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly delineated. Herein, early and persistently elevated, proinflammatory cytokine HMGB1 expression was detected in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model in C57BL/6 mice. The expression and extracellular release of HMGB1 was rapidly and dramatically induced by saturated palmitic acid in vitro. HFD-induced inflammatory response and liver function impairment were both mitigated after the inhibition of endogenous HMGB1 by neutralizing antibody in vivo. The up-regulation of HMGB1 was thought to be modified by dual channels: in the transcriptional level, it was regulated by JNK1/JNK2-ATF2 axis; post-transcriptionally, it was regulated by the microRNA (miR)-200 family, especially miR-429. miR-429 liver conditional knockout mice (miR-429 Δhep ), fed either a normal diet or an HFD, showed severe liver inflammation and dysfunction, accompanied by greater expression of HMGB1. Intriguingly, the up-regulation and release of HMGB1 could in turn self-activate TLR4-JNK1/JNK2-ATF2 signaling, thus forming a positive feedback. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which HMGB1 expression was regulated by both the JNK1/2-ATF2 axis and the miR-200 family, which provides a potential new approach for the treatment of NAFLD.-Chen, X., Ling, Y., Wei, Y., Tang, J., Ren, Y., Zhang, B., Jiang, F., Li, H., Wang, R., Wen, W., Lv, G., Wu, M., Chen, L., Li, L., Wang, H. Dual regulation of HMGB1 by combined JNK1/2-ATF2 axis with miR-200 family in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.

Inhibitory effects of Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma and Poria on collagen- or thromboxane A2-induced aggregation in rabbit platelets.

PubMed

Nasu, Yuiko; Iwashita, Masaya; Saito, Masaki; Fushiya, Shinji; Nakahata, Norimichi

2009-05-01

Kami-shoyo-san (Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San), Toki-shakuyaku-san (Dang-Gui-Shao-Yao-San) and Toki-shigyaku-ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to (Dang-Gui-Si-Ni-Jia-Wu-Zhu-Yu-Sheng-Jiang-Tang) are Kampo (traditional Chinese) medicines which are traditionally and effectively used for the treatment of chilly sensation (Hiesho) in Japan, but the active components and their detailed mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Etiologies of Hiesho include poor peripheral blood circulation and platelet aggregability contributes to peripheral blood circulation; therefore, we investigated the effect of Kampo medicines on platelet aggregation using rabbit platelets in vitro. Collagen and U46619, a thromboxane A(2) receptor agonist, caused rabbit platelet aggregation, which was potently inhibited by pretreatment of platelets with Kami-shoyo-san and Toki-shakuyaku-san in vitro. Toki-shigyaku-ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to, however, did not significantly inhibit collagen- or U46619-induced platelet aggregation. Therefore, we examined the effect on platelet aggregation of two herbal medicines, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma and Poria, both of which are contained in Kami-shoyo-san and Toki-shakuyaku-san but not in Toki-shigyaku-ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to. As the results indicate, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen but not by U46619. Poria effectively inhibited U46619-induced platelet aggregation and it partially inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. On the other hand, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma and Poria did not inhibit adrenaline/adenosine diphosphate- or adrenaline/serotonin-induced platelet aggregation. These results suggest the possibility that the inhibition of platelet aggregation by two Kampo medicines, Kami-shoyo-san and Toki-shakuyaku-san, is one of the mechanisms underlying the improvement of Hiesho. Furthermore, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma and Poria are possible herbal medicines for the inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Gender Differences in Regional Brain Activity in Patients with Chronic Primary Insomnia: Evidence from a Resting-State fMRI Study

PubMed Central

Dai, Xi-Jian; Nie, Xiao; Liu, Xuming; Pei, Li; Jiang, Jian; Peng, De-chang; Gong, Hong-Han; Zeng, Xian-Jun; Wáng, Yì-Xiáng J.; Zhan, Yang

2016-01-01

Study Objectives: To explore the regional brain activities in patients with chronic primary insomnia (PCPIs) and their sex differences. Methods: Forty-two PCPIs (27 females, 15 males) and 42 good sleepers (GSs; 24 females, 18 males) were recruited. Six PCPIs (3 males, 3 females) were scanned twice by MRI to examine the test-retest reliability. Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method was used to assess the local brain features. The mean signal values of the different ALFF areas were analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between clinical features and different brain areas. Results: Both female and male PCPIs showed higher ALFF in the temporal lobe and occipital lobe, especially in female PCPIs. Female PCPIs had lower ALFF in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral limbic lobe; however, male PCPIs showed lower ALFF in the left occipital gyrus. The mean signal value of the cerebellum in female PCPIs showed negative correlations with negative emotions. Compared with male PCPIs, female PCPIs showed higher ALFF in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus and lower ALFF in the left limbic lobe. The different areas showed high test-retest stability (Clusters of contiguous volumes ≥ 1080 mm3 with an intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.80) and high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Female PCPIs showed more regional brain differences with higher and lower ALFF responses than male PCPIs. However, they shared analogous excessive hyperarousal mechanism and wide variations in aberrant brain areas. Citation: Dai XJ, Nie X, Liu X, Pei L, Jiang J, Peng D, Gong HH, Zeng XJ, Wáng YX, Zhan Y. Gender differences in regional brain activity in patients with chronic primary insomnia: evidence from a resting-state fMRI study. J Clin Sleep Med 2016;12(3):363–374. PMID:26715399

Antibodies to voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels in epilepsy.

PubMed

Majoie, H J Marian; de Baets, Mark; Renier, Willy; Lang, Bethan; Vincent, Angela

2006-10-01

To determine the prevalence of antibodies to ion channels in patients with long standing epilepsy. Although the CNS is thought to be protected from circulating antibodies by the blood brain barrier, glutamate receptor antibodies have been reported in Rasmussen's encephalitis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies have been found in a few patients with epilepsy, and antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC) have been found in a non-paraneoplastic form of limbic encephalitis (with amnesia and seizures) that responds to immunosuppressive therapy. We retrospectively screened sera from female epilepsy patients (n=106) for autoantibodies to VGKC (Kv 1.1, 1.2 or 1.6), voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) (P/Q-type), and GAD. All positive results, based on the values of control data [McKnight, K., Jiang, Y., et al. (2005). Serum antibodies in epilepsy and seizure-associated disorders. Neurology 65, 1730-1735], were retested at lower serum concentrations, and results compared with previously published control data. Demographics, medical history, and epilepsy related information was gathered. The studied group consisted predominantly of patients with long standing drug resistant epilepsy. VGKC antibodies were raised (>100 pM) in six patients. VGCC antibodies (>45 pM) were slightly raised in only one patient. GAD antibodies were <3 U/ml in all patients. The clinical features of the patients with VGKC antibodies differed from previously described patients with limbic encephalitis-like syndrome, and were not different with respect to seizure type, age at first seizure, duration of epilepsy, or use of anti-epileptic drugs from the VGKC antibody negative patients. The results demonstrate that antibodies to VGKC are present in 6% of patients with typical long-standing epilepsy, but whether these antibodies are pathogenic or secondary to the primary disease process needs to be determined.

Privacy-Preserving Patient Similarity Learning in a Federated Environment: Development and Analysis.

PubMed

Lee, Junghye; Sun, Jimeng; Wang, Fei; Wang, Shuang; Jun, Chi-Hyuck; Jiang, Xiaoqian

2018-04-13

There is an urgent need for the development of global analytic frameworks that can perform analyses in a privacy-preserving federated environment across multiple institutions without privacy leakage. A few studies on the topic of federated medical analysis have been conducted recently with the focus on several algorithms. However, none of them have solved similar patient matching, which is useful for applications such as cohort construction for cross-institution observational studies, disease surveillance, and clinical trials recruitment. The aim of this study was to present a privacy-preserving platform in a federated setting for patient similarity learning across institutions. Without sharing patient-level information, our model can find similar patients from one hospital to another. We proposed a federated patient hashing framework and developed a novel algorithm to learn context-specific hash codes to represent patients across institutions. The similarities between patients can be efficiently computed using the resulting hash codes of corresponding patients. To avoid security attack from reverse engineering on the model, we applied homomorphic encryption to patient similarity search in a federated setting. We used sequential medical events extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care-III database to evaluate the proposed algorithm in predicting the incidence of five diseases independently. Our algorithm achieved averaged area under the curves of 0.9154 and 0.8012 with balanced and imbalanced data, respectively, in κ-nearest neighbor with κ=3. We also confirmed privacy preservation in similarity search by using homomorphic encryption. The proposed algorithm can help search similar patients across institutions effectively to support federated data analysis in a privacy-preserving manner. ©Junghye Lee, Jimeng Sun, Fei Wang, Shuang Wang, Chi-Hyuck Jun, Xiaoqian Jiang. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http

Study on Operation Optimization of Pumping Station's 24 Hours Operation under Influences of Tides and Peak-Valley Electricity Prices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Gong; Jilin, Cheng; Lihua, Zhang; Rentian, Zhang

2010-06-01

According to different processes of tides and peak-valley electricity prices, this paper determines the optimal start up time in pumping station's 24 hours operation between the rating state and adjusting blade angle state respectively based on the optimization objective function and optimization model for single-unit pump's 24 hours operation taking JiangDu No.4 Pumping Station for example. In the meantime, this paper proposes the following regularities between optimal start up time of pumping station and the process of tides and peak-valley electricity prices each day within a month: (1) In the rating and adjusting blade angle state, the optimal start up time in pumping station's 24 hours operation which depends on the tide generation at the same day varies with the process of tides. There are mainly two kinds of optimal start up time which include the time at tide generation and 12 hours after it. (2) In the rating state, the optimal start up time on each day in a month exhibits a rule of symmetry from 29 to 28 of next month in the lunar calendar. The time of tide generation usually exists in the period of peak electricity price or the valley one. The higher electricity price corresponds to the higher minimum cost of water pumping at unit, which means that the minimum cost of water pumping at unit depends on the peak-valley electricity price at the time of tide generation on the same day. (3) In the adjusting blade angle state, the minimum cost of water pumping at unit in pumping station's 24 hour operation depends on the process of peak-valley electricity prices. And in the adjusting blade angle state, 4.85%˜5.37% of the minimum cost of water pumping at unit will be saved than that of in the rating state.

Design and Application of Novel Horizontal Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lit, Q. H.; Zhang, Y. G.; Meng, A. H.

The vertical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler has been found wide application in power generation and tends to be enlarged in capacity. Because CFB is one of environment friendly and high efficiency combustion technologies, the CFB boiler has also been expected to be used in the industrial area, such as textile mill, region heating, brewery, seed drying and so on. However, the necessary height of furnace is hard to be implemented for CFB with especially small capacity. Thereby, a novel horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler has been proposed and developed. The horizontal CFB is composed of primary combustion chamber, secondary combustion chamber, burnout chamber, cyclone, loop seal, heat recovery area. The primary combustion chamber is a riser like as that in vertical CFB, and the secondary combustion chamber is a downward passage that is a natural extension of the primary riser, which can reduce the overall height of the boiler. In some extent, the burnout chamber is also the extension of primary riser. The capacity of horizontal CFB is about 4.2-24.5MWth (6-35t/h) steam output or equivalent hot water supply. The hot water boiler of 7MWth and steam boilers of 4.2MWth (6t/h) and 10.5MWth (15t/h) are all designed and working well now. The three units of hot water horizontal CFB boiler were erected in the Neimenggu Autonomous Region, Huhehaote city for region heating. The three units of steam horizontal CFB has been installed in Yunnan, Jiang Xi and Guangdong provinces, respectively. The basic principle for horizontal CFB and experiences for designing and operating are presented in this paper. Some discussions are also given to demonstrate the promising future of horizontal CFB.

Incorporation of New Convective Ice Microphysics into the NASA GISS GCM and Impacts on Cloud Ice Water Path (IWP) Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elsaesser, G.; Del Genio, A. D.

2015-12-01

The CMIP5 configurations of the GISS Model-E2 GCM simulated a mid- and high-latitude ice IWP that decreased by ~50% relative to that simulated for CMIP3 (Jiang et al. 2012; JGR). Tropical IWP increased by ~15% in CMIP5. While the tropical IWP was still within the published upper-bounds of IWP uncertainty derived using NASA A-Train satellite observations, it was found that the upper troposphere (~200 mb) ice water content (IWC) exceeded the published upper-bound by a factor of ~2. This was largely driven by IWC in deep-convecting regions of the tropics. Recent advances in the model-E2 convective parameterization have been found to have a substantial impact on tropical IWC. These advances include the development of both a cold pool parameterization (Del Genio et al. 2015) and new convective ice parameterization. In this presentation, we focus on the new parameterization of convective cloud ice that was developed using data from the NASA TC4 Mission. Ice particle terminal velocity formulations now include information from a number of NASA field campaigns. The new parameterization predicts both an ice water mass weighted-average particle diameter and a particle cross sectional area weighted-average size diameter as a function of temperature and ice water content. By assuming a gamma-distribution functional form for the particle size distribution, these two diameter estimates are all that are needed to explicitly predict the distribution of ice particles as a function of particle diameter. GCM simulations with the improved convective parameterization yield a ~50% decrease in upper tropospheric IWC, bringing the tropical and global mean IWP climatologies into even closer agreement with the A-Train satellite observation best estimates.

Two more, bright, z > 6 quasars from VST ATLAS and WISE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chehade, B.; Carnall, A. C.; Shanks, T.; Diener, C.; Fumagalli, M.; Findlay, J. R.; Metcalfe, N.; Hennawi, J.; Leibler, C.; Murphy, D. N. A.; Prochaska, J. X.; Irwin, M. J.; Gonzalez-Solares, E.

2018-03-01

Recently, Carnall et al. discovered two bright high redshift quasars using the combination of the VST ATLAS and WISE surveys. The technique involved using the 3-D colour plane i - z: z - W1: W1 - W2 with the WISE W1(3.4 micron) and W2 (4.5 micron) bands taking the place of the usual NIR J band to help decrease stellar dwarf contamination. Here we report on our continued search for 5.7 < z < 6.4 quasars over an ≈2 × larger area of ≈3577 deg2 of the Southern Hemisphere. We have found two further z > 6 quasars, VST-ATLAS J158.6938-14.4211 at z = 6.07 and J332.8017-32.1036 at z = 6.32 with magnitudes of zAB = 19.4 and 19.7 mag respectively. J158.6938-14.4211 was confirmed by Keck LRIS observations and J332.8017-32.1036 was confirmed by ESO NTT EFOSC-2 observations. Here we present VLT X-shooter Visible and NIR spectra for the four ATLAS quasars. We have further independently rediscovered two z > 5.7 quasars previously found by the VIKING/KiDS and PanSTARRS surveys. This means that in ATLAS we have now discovered a total of six quasars in our target 5.7 < z < 6.4 redshift range. Making approximate corrections for incompleteness, we find that our quasar space density agrees with the SDSS results of Jiang et al. at M1450Å ≈ -27. Preliminary virial mass estimates based on the CIV and MgII emission lines give black hole masses in the range MBH ≈ 1 - 6 × 109M⊙ for the four ATLAS quasars.

Adipose-specific deletion of Kif5b exacerbates obesity and insulin resistance in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

PubMed

Cui, Ju; Pang, Jing; Lin, Ya-Jun; Gong, Huan; Wang, Zhen-He; Li, Yun-Xuan; Li, Jin; Wang, Zai; Jiang, Ping; Dai, Da-Peng; Li, Jian; Cai, Jian-Ping; Huang, Jian-Dong; Zhang, Tie-Mei

2017-06-01

Recent studies have shown that KIF5B (conventional kinesin heavy chain) mediates glucose transporter type 4 translocation and adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting an involvement of KIF5B in the homeostasis of metabolism. However, the in vivo physiologic function of KIF5B in adipose tissue remains to be determined. In this study, adipose-specific Kif5b knockout (F-K5bKO) mice were generated using the Cre-LoxP strategy. F-K5bKO mice had similar body weights to controls fed on a standard chow diet. However, F-K5bKO mice had hyperlipidemia and significant glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Deletion of Kif5b aggravated the deleterious impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on body weight gain, hepatosteatosis, glucose tolerance, and systematic insulin sensitivity. These changes were accompanied by impaired insulin signaling, decreased secretion of adiponectin, and increased serum levels of leptin and proinflammatory adipokines. F-K5bKO mice fed on an HFD exhibited lower energy expenditure and thermogenic dysfunction as a result of whitening of brown adipose due to decreased mitochondria biogenesis and down-regulation of key thermogenic gene expression. In conclusion, selective deletion of Kif5b in adipose tissue exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, partly through a decrease in energy expenditure, dysregulation of adipokine secretion, and insulin signaling.-Cui, J., Pang, J., Lin, Y.-J., Gong, H., Wang, Z.-H., Li, Y.-X., Li, J., Wang, Z., Jiang, P., Dai, D.-P., Li, J., Cai, J.-P., Huang, J.-D., Zhang, T.-M. Adipose-specific deletion of Kif5b exacerbates obesity and insulin resistance in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. © FASEB.

The granin VGF promotes genesis of secretory vesicles, and regulates circulating catecholamine levels and blood pressure

PubMed Central

Fargali, Samira; Garcia, Angelo L.; Sadahiro, Masato; Jiang, Cheng; Janssen, William G.; Lin, Wei-Jye; Cogliani, Valeria; Elste, Alice; Mortillo, Steven; Cero, Cheryl; Veitenheimer, Britta; Graiani, Gallia; Pasinetti, Giulio M.; Mahata, Sushil K.; Osborn, John W.; Huntley, George W.; Phillips, Greg R.; Benson, Deanna L.; Bartolomucci, Alessandro; Salton, Stephen R.

2014-01-01

Secretion of proteins and neurotransmitters from large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) is a highly regulated process. Adrenal LDCV formation involves the granin proteins chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB); CgA- and CgB-derived peptides regulate catecholamine levels and blood pressure. We investigated function of the granin VGF (nonacronymic) in LDCV formation and the regulation of catecholamine levels and blood pressure. Expression of exogenous VGF in nonendocrine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts resulted in the formation of LDCV-like structures and depolarization-induced VGF secretion. Analysis of germline VGF-knockout mouse adrenal medulla revealed decreased LDCV size in noradrenergic chromaffin cells, increased adrenal norepinephrine and epinephrine content and circulating plasma epinephrine, and decreased adrenal CgB. These neurochemical changes in VGF-knockout mice were associated with hypertension. Germline knock-in of human VGF1–615 into the mouse Vgf locus rescued the hypertensive knockout phenotype, while knock-in of a truncated human VGF1–524 that lacks several C-terminal peptides, including TLQP-21, resulted in a small but significant increase in systolic blood pressure compared to hVGF1–615 mice. Finally, acute and chronic administration of the VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 to rodents decreased blood pressure. Our studies establish a role for VGF in adrenal LDCV formation and the regulation of catecholamine levels and blood pressure.—Fargali, S., Garcia, A. L., Sadahiro, M., Jiang, C., Janssen, W. G., Lin, W.-J., Cogliani, V., Elste, A., Mortillo, S., Cero, C., Veitenheimer, B., Graiani, G., Pasinetti, G. M., Mahata, S. K., Osborn, J. W., Huntley, G. W., Phillips, G. R., Benson, D. L., Bartolomucci, A., Salton, S. R. The granin VGF promotes genesis of secretory vesicles, and regulates circulating catecholamine levels and blood pressure. PMID:24497580

Secure and Efficient Regression Analysis Using a Hybrid Cryptographic Framework: Development and Evaluation.

PubMed

Sadat, Md Nazmus; Jiang, Xiaoqian; Aziz, Md Momin Al; Wang, Shuang; Mohammed, Noman

2018-03-05

Machine learning is an effective data-driven tool that is being widely used to extract valuable patterns and insights from data. Specifically, predictive machine learning models are very important in health care for clinical data analysis. The machine learning algorithms that generate predictive models often require pooling data from different sources to discover statistical patterns or correlations among different attributes of the input data. The primary challenge is to fulfill one major objective: preserving the privacy of individuals while discovering knowledge from data. Our objective was to develop a hybrid cryptographic framework for performing regression analysis over distributed data in a secure and efficient way. Existing secure computation schemes are not suitable for processing the large-scale data that are used in cutting-edge machine learning applications. We designed, developed, and evaluated a hybrid cryptographic framework, which can securely perform regression analysis, a fundamental machine learning algorithm using somewhat homomorphic encryption and a newly introduced secure hardware component of Intel Software Guard Extensions (Intel SGX) to ensure both privacy and efficiency at the same time. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method provides a better trade-off in terms of security and efficiency than solely secure hardware-based methods. Besides, there is no approximation error. Computed model parameters are exactly similar to plaintext results. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of secure computation model using a hybrid cryptographic framework, which leverages both somewhat homomorphic encryption and Intel SGX, is not proposed or evaluated to this date. Our proposed framework ensures data security and computational efficiency at the same time. ©Md Nazmus Sadat, Xiaoqian Jiang, Md Momin Al Aziz, Shuang Wang, Noman Mohammed. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http://medinform.jmir.org), 05.03.2018.

Iterons, fractals and computations of automata

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siwak, Paweł

1999-03-01

Processing of strings by some automata, when viewed on space-time (ST) diagrams, reveals characteristic soliton-like coherent periodic objects. They are inherently associated with iterations of automata mappings thus we call them the iterons. In the paper we present two classes of one-dimensional iterons: particles and filtrons. The particles are typical for parallel (cellular) processing, while filtrons, introduced in (32) are specific for serial processing of strings. In general, the images of iterated automata mappings exhibit not only coherent entities but also the fractals, and quasi-periodic and chaotic dynamics. We show typical images of such computations: fractals, multiplication by a number, and addition of binary numbers defined by a Turing machine. Then, the particles are presented as iterons generated by cellular automata in three computations: B/U code conversion (13, 29), majority classification (9), and in discrete version of the FPU (Fermi-Pasta-Ulam) dynamics (7, 23). We disclose particles by a technique of combinational recoding of ST diagrams (as opposed to sequential recoding). Subsequently, we recall the recursive filters based on FCA (filter cellular automata) window operators, and considered by Park (26), Ablowitz (1), Fokas (11), Fuchssteiner (12), Bruschi (5) and Jiang (20). We present the automata equivalents to these filters (33). Some of them belong to the class of filter automata introduced in (30). We also define and illustrate some properties of filtrons. Contrary to particles, the filtrons interact nonlocally in the sense that distant symbols may influence one another. Thus their interactions are very unusual. Some examples have been given in (32). Here we show new examples of filtron phenomena: multifiltron solitonic collisions, attracting and repelling filtrons, trapped bouncing filtrons (which behave like a resonance cavity) and quasi filtrons.

Application of fuzzy weight of evidence and data mining techniques in construction of flood susceptibility map of Poyang County, China.

PubMed

Hong, Haoyuan; Tsangaratos, Paraskevas; Ilia, Ioanna; Liu, Junzhi; Zhu, A-Xing; Chen, Wei

2018-06-01

In China, floods are considered as the most frequent natural disaster responsible for severe economic losses and serious damages recorded in agriculture and urban infrastructure. Based on the international experience prevention of flood events may not be completely possible, however identifying susceptible and vulnerable areas through prediction models is considered as a more visible task with flood susceptibility mapping being an essential tool for flood mitigation strategies and disaster preparedness. In this context, the present study proposes a novel approach to construct a flood susceptibility map in the Poyang County, JiangXi Province, China by implementing fuzzy weight of evidence (fuzzy-WofE) and data mining methods. The novelty of the presented approach is the usage of fuzzy-WofE that had a twofold purpose. Firstly, to create an initial flood susceptibility map in order to identify non-flood areas and secondly to weight the importance of flood related variables which influence flooding. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were implemented considering eleven flood related variables, namely: lithology, soil cover, elevation, slope angle, aspect, topographic wetness index, stream power index, sediment transport index, plan curvature, profile curvature and distance from river network. The efficiency of this new approach was evaluated using area under curve (AUC) which measured the prediction and success rates. According to the outcomes of the performed analysis, the fuzzy WofE-SVM model was the model with the highest predictive performance (AUC value, 0.9865) which also appeared to be statistical significant different from the other predictive models, fuzzy WofE-RF (AUC value, 0.9756) and fuzzy WofE-LR (AUC value, 0.9652). The proposed methodology and the produced flood susceptibility map could assist researchers and local governments in flood mitigation strategies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tertiary deformation and metamorphism SE of Tibet: The folded Tiger-leap décollement of NW Yunnan, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacassin, Robin; SchäRer, Urs; Leloup, P. Hervé; Arnaud, Nicolas; Tapponnier, Paul; Liu, Xiaohan; Zhang, Liansheng

1996-06-01

The Yulong-Haba Xue Shan range, in the northwestern part of Yunnan (China), is a large N-S antiform that folds the Paleozoic series of the Yangzi platform. The upper Yangzi River (Jinsha Jiang) has cut a 3500 m-deep valley (Hu Tiao gorge) across this antiform, thus exposing folded, bedding-parallel, ductile shear zones (décollements), with transport toward the SSW (in the present geographical coordinates). The large finite shear strain implies tens of kilometers of transport, pointing to the regional significance of these décollements. Rb/Sr radiometric dating of phlogopites that crystallized in marbles within the foliation planes yields the age of the metamorphic and deformation event (35.9 ± 0.3 (2σ) Ma). The age derives from an internal Rb-Sr isochron, made on different size fractions of the same mineral, which provides a novel demonstration of the feasibility of such plots. Transport on the décollement and related shortening occurred prior to, or at the onset of, extrusion of Indochina along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, ≈80 km west of the Yulong Shan. The 39Ar/40Ar age spectra of K-feldspar from the core of the Yulong Shan suggest uplift by antiformal folding around 17 Ma, as Indochina's extrusion came to an end. We infer that other large-scale Cenozoic décollements such as that exhumed in the Yulong Shan underlie some of the vast, folded areas that surround the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Transport on such décollements, first toward the south and then toward the east, and folding above them, might have occurred during two principal shortening phases, whose ages bracket Indochina's escape toward the SE.

Napping Is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

PubMed Central

Lam, Kin-bong Hubert; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Thomas, G. Neil; Arora, Teresa; Zhang, Wei Sen; Taheri, Shahrad; Adab, Peymané; Lam, Tai Hing; Cheng, Kar Keung

2010-01-01

Study Objective: Intentional napping is very common, particularly in China. However, there are limited data regarding its potential health effects. We therefore examined the possible relationship between napping and type 2 diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Setting: Community-based elderly association in Guangzhou, China. Participants: 19,567 Chinese men and women aged 50 years or older. Measurements and Results: Self-reported frequency of napping was obtained by questionnaire and type 2 diabetes was assessed by fasting blood glucose and/or self-reports of physician diagnosis or treatment. Participants reporting frequent naps (4-6 days/week and daily) were 42% to 52% more likely to have diabetes. The relationships remained essentially unchanged after adjustments were made for demographics, lifestyle and sleep habits, health status, adiposity, and metabolic markers (odds ratio for diabetes 1.36 [95% CI 1.17–1.57] in 4-6 days/week, 1.28 [1.15–1.44] in daily nappers). Similar associations were found between napping and impaired fasting glucose. Removal of those with potential ill health and daytime sleepiness did not alter the observed associations. Conclusions: Napping is associated with elevated prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in this older Chinese sample. Our finding suggests that it is less likely that diabetes leads to daytime sleepiness. This raises the possibility that napping may increase the risk of diabetes. Confirmation by longitudinal studies is needed. Citation: Lam KbH; Jiang CQ; Thomas GN; Arora T; Zhang WS; Taheri S; Adab P; Lam TH; Cheng KK. Napping is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. SLEEP 2010;33(3):402-407. PMID:20337199

From ultracold Fermi Gases to Neutron Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salomon, Christophe

2012-02-01

Ultracold dilute atomic gases can be considered as model systems to address some pending problem in Many-Body physics that occur in condensed matter systems, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. We have developed a general method to probe with high precision the thermodynamics of locally homogeneous ultracold Bose and Fermi gases [1,2,3]. This method allows stringent tests of recent many-body theories. For attractive spin 1/2 fermions with tunable interaction (^6Li), we will show that the gas thermodynamic properties can continuously change from those of weakly interacting Cooper pairs described by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory to those of strongly bound molecules undergoing Bose-Einstein condensation. First, we focus on the finite-temperature Equation of State (EoS) of the unpolarized unitary gas. Surprisingly, the low-temperature properties of the strongly interacting normal phase are well described by Fermi liquid theory [3] and we localize the superfluid phase transition. A detailed comparison with theories including recent Monte-Carlo calculations will be presented. Moving away from the unitary gas, the Lee-Huang-Yang and Lee-Yang beyond-mean-field corrections for low density bosonic and fermionic superfluids are quantitatively measured for the first time. Despite orders of magnitude difference in density and temperature, our equation of state can be used to describe low density neutron matter such as the outer shell of neutron stars. [4pt] [1] S. Nascimbène, N. Navon, K. Jiang, F. Chevy, and C. Salomon, Nature 463, 1057 (2010) [0pt] [2] N. Navon, S. Nascimbène, F. Chevy, and C. Salomon, Science 328, 729 (2010) [0pt] [3] S. Nascimbène, N. Navon, S. Pilati, F. Chevy, S. Giorgini, A. Georges, and C. Salomon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 215303 (2011)

In vitro antioxidant capacities of eight different kinds of apples and their effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage in mice.

PubMed

Guo, Shuang; Wang, Yuehua; Chou, Shurui; Cui, Huijun; Li, Dongnan; Li, Bin

2018-01-01

In the present study, the DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity of eight types of apples decreased (P < 0.05) during the 70-day storage at 4°C. The Fushi (F2) apples from Xin Jiang showed the highest radical scavenging activity. For in vivo study, 40 male Kunming mice (body weight 20-25 g) were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (10 mice per group). The F2 groups (F2S, F2 + sterile saline and F2L, F2 + lipopolysaccharide) were administered with 0.3 mL F2 filtrate via gastric intubation daily for 28 days. The control groups (CS, CON + sterile saline and CL, CON + lipopolysaccharide) were treated with sterile saline at the same volume. At day 29, mice of F2L and CL groups were injected with 100 μg/kg body weight of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally, while those of F2S and CS groups were injected equal volume of sterile saline. In comparison to the CS group, the CL group showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in serum, liver, and hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, reduction (P < 0.05) in the expression of hepatic antioxidant-related genes, and an increase (P < 0.05) in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In comparison to the CL group, the F2L group showed lower (P < 0.05) levels of serum ALT, AST, and ROS, higher (P < 0.05) level of serum, liver, and hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and enhanced (P < 0.05) expression of hepatic antioxidant-related genes. These results suggest that F2 may exert protective effect against LPS-induced oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant capacity.

Toward Detecting the 2175 Å Dust Feature Associated with Strong High-redshift Mg II Absorption Lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Peng; Ge, Jian; Zhou, Hongyan; Wang, Junxian; Wang, Tinggui

2011-05-01

We report detections of 39 2175 Å dust extinction bump candidates associated with strong Mg II absorption lines at z~ 1-1.8 on quasar spectra in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR3. These strong Mg II absorption line systems are detected among 2951 strong Mg II absorbers with a rest equivalent width Wr λ2796> 1.0 Å at 1.0 < z < 1.86, which is part of a full sample of 7421 strong Mg II absorbers compiled by Prochter et al. The redshift range of the absorbers is chosen to allow the 2175 Å extinction features to be completely covered within the SDSS spectrograph operation wavelength range. An upper limit of the background quasar emission redshift at z = 2.1 is set to prevent the Lyα forest lines from contaminating the sensitive spectral region for the 2175 Å bump measurements. The FM90 parameterization is applied to model the optical/UV extinction curve in the rest frame of Mg II absorbers of the 2175 Å bump candidates. The simulation technique developed by Jiang et al. is used to derive the statistical significance of the candidate 2175 Å bumps. A total of 12 absorbers are detected with 2175 Å bumps at a 5σ level of statistical significance, 10 are detected at a 4σ level, and 17 are detected at a 3σ level. Most of the candidate bumps in this work are similar to the relatively weak 2175 Å bumps observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud LMC2 supershell rather than the strong ones observed in the Milky Way. This sample has greatly increased the total number of 2175 Å extinction bumps measured on SDSS quasar spectra. Follow-up observations may rule out some of the possible false detections and reveal the physical and chemical natures of 2175 Å quasar absorbers.

Induction of differentiation in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells activates p21, WAF1/CIP1, expression in the absence of p53.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, H.; Lin, J.; Su, Z.-Z.

The melanoma differentiation associated gene, mda-6, which is identical to the P53-inducible gene WAF1/CIP1, encodes an M(r) 21,000 protein (p21) that can directly inhibit cell growth by repressing cyclin dependent kinases. mda-6 was identified using subtraction hybridization by virtue of its enhanced expression in human melanoma cells induced to terminally differentiate by treatment with human fibroblast interferon and the anti-leukemic compound mezerein (Jiang and Fisher, 1993). In the present study, we demonstrate that mda-6 (WAF1/CIP1) is an immediate early response gene induced during differentiation of the promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cell line along the granulocytic or macrophage/monocyte pathway. mda-6 gene expressionmore » in HL-60 cells is induced within 1 to 3 h during differentiation along the macrophage/monocyte pathway evoked by 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D3) or the granulocytic pathway produced by retinoic acid (RA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Immunoprecipitation analyses using an anti-p21 antibody indicate a temporal induction of p21 protein following treatment with TPA, DMSO or RA. A relationship between rapid induction of mda-6 gene expression and differentiation is indicated by a delay in this expression in an HL-60 cell variant resistant to TPA-induced growth arrest and differentiation. A similar delay in mda-6 gene expression is not observed in Vit D3 treated TPA-resistant variant cells that are also sensitive to induction of monocytic differentiation. Since HL-60 cells have a null-p53 phenotype, these results demonstrate that p21 induction occurs during initiation of terminal differentiation in a p53-independent manner. In this context, p21 may play a more global role in growth control and differentiation than originally envisioned.« less

Silica-induced initiation of circular ZC3H4 RNA/ZC3H4 pathway promotes the pulmonary macrophage activation.

PubMed

Yang, Xiyue; Wang, Jing; Zhou, Zewei; Jiang, Rong; Huang, Jie; Chen, Lulu; Cao, Zhouli; Chu, Han; Han, Bing; Cheng, Yusi; Chao, Jie

2018-06-01

Phagocytosis of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) into lung cells causes an inflammatory cascade that results in fibroblast proliferation and migration, followed by fibrosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs that are present within mammalian cells; however, researchers have not determined whether circRNAs are involved in the pathophysiologic process of silicosis. To elucidate the role of these RNAs in SiO 2 -induced inflammation in pulmonary macrophages, we investigated the upstream molecular mechanisms and functional effects of circRNAs on cell apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. Primary cultures of alveolar macrophages from healthy donors and from patients and the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line were used to explore the functions of circZC3H4 RNA in macrophage activation. The experimental results indicated the following: 1) SiO 2 concomitantly increased circZC3H4 RNA expression and increased ZC3H4 protein levels; 2) circular ZC3H4 (circZC3H4) RNA and ZC3H4 protein participated in SiO 2 -induced macrophage activation; and 3) SiO 2 -activated macrophages promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration via the circZC3H4 RNA/ZC3H4 pathway. The up-regulation of the ZC3H4 protein was confirmed in tissue samples from patients with silicosis. Our study elucidates a link between SiO 2 -induced macrophage activation and the circZC3H4 RNA/ZC3H4 pathway, thereby providing novel insight into the potential use of ZC3H4 to develop novel therapeutic strategies for silicosis.-Yang, X., Wang, J., Zhou, Z., Jiang, R., Huang, J., Chen, L., Cao, Z., Chu, H., Han, B., Cheng, Y., Chao, J. Silica-induced initiation of circular ZC3H4 RNA/ZC3H4 pathway promotes the pulmonary macrophage activation.

Experimental Study of Large-Amplitude Faraday Waves in Rectangular Cylinders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iek, Chanthy; Alexander, Iwan J.; Tin, Padetha; Adamovsky, Gregory

2005-01-01

Experiment on single-mode Faraday waves having two, thee, and four wavelengths across a rectangular cylinder of high aspect ratio is the subject of discussion. Previous experiments recently done by Henderson & Miles (1989) and by Lei Jiang et. a1 (1996) focused on Faraday waves with one and two wavelengths across rectangular cylinders. In this experimental study the waves steepness ranges from small at threshold levels to a large amplitude which according to Penny & Price theory (1952) approaches the maximum sustainable amplitude for a standing wave. The waves characteristics for small amplitudes are evaluated against an existing well known linear theory by Benjamin & Ursell (l954) and against a weakly nonlinear theory by J. Miles (1984) which includes the effect of viscous damping. The evaluation includes the wave neutral stability and damping rate. In addition, a wave amplitude differential equation of a linear theory including viscous effect by Cerda & Tirapegui (1998) is solved numerically to yield prediction of temporal profiles of both wave damping and wave formation at the threshold. An interesting finding from this exercise is that the fluid kinematic viscosity needs to increase ten times in order to obtain good agreement between the theoretical prediction and the experimental data for both wave damping and wave starting. For large amplitude waves, the experimental data are evaluated against the theory of Penny & Price which predicts wave characteristics of any amplitude up to the point at which the wave reaches its maximum amplitude attainable for a standing wave. The theory yields two criteria to show the maximum wave steepness, the vertical acceleration at the wave crest of half the earth gravity field acceleration and the including angle at the crest of 90 degrees. Comparison with experimental data shows close agreement for the wave crest acceleration but a large discrepancy for the including angle. Additional information is included in the original

Thermal Conductivity of Metallic Uranium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hin, Celine

those used in the original fitting. Moreover, as fuels burn up in the reactor and fission products are built up, thermal conductivity is also significantly changed [3]. Unfortunately, fundamental understanding of the effect of fission products is also currently lacking. In this project, we probe thermal conductivity of metallic fuels with ab initio calculations, a theoretical tool with the potential to yield better accuracy and predictive power than empirical fitting. This work will both complement experimental data by determining thermal conductivity in wider composition and temperature ranges than is available experimentally, and also develop mechanistic understanding to guide better design of metallic fuels in the future. So far, we focused on α-U perfect crystal, the ground-state phase of U metal. We focus on two methods. The first method has been developed by the team at the University of Wisconsin Madison. They developed a practical and general modeling approach for thermal conductivity of metals and metal alloys that integrates ab-initio and semi-empirical physics-based models to maximize the strengths of both techniques. The second method has been developed by the team at Virginia Tech. This approach consists of a determining the thermal conductivity using only ab-initio methods without any fitting parameters. Both methods were complementary and very helpful to understand the physics behind the thermal conductivity in metallic uranium and other materials with similar characteristics. In Section I, the combined model developed at UWM is explained. In Section II, the ab-initio method developed at VT is described along with the uranium pseudo-potential and its validation. Section III is devoted to the work done by Jianguo Yu at INL. Finally, we will present the performance of the project in terms of milestones, publications, and presentations.« less

Operational tools and applications of EO satellite data to retrieve surface fluxes in semi-arid countries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanguy, Maliko

The objective of the thesis is to develop and evaluate useful tools and applications of Earth Observation (EO) satellite data to estimate surface fluxes in semi-arid countries. In a first part (Chapter 4), we assess the performance of a new parameterisation scheme of ground heat flux (G) to be used in remote sensing (RS) evapotranspiration (ET) estimation methods. The G-parameterisation optimized with AMMA flux data performs well and improves the sensible heat flux (H) and ET retrieved by means of the triangle method (Jiang & Islam, 2001). In a second part (Chapter 5), the triangle method is compared with ET estimated by means of a land surface model (JULES). An attempt is made to calibrate JULES using the triangle method through Monte Carlo simulations, but the two methods supply rather different results, indicating that further intercomparison tasks should be carried out to assess the performance of RS-based algorithms and land surface models in estimating the components of the land surface energy balance. Chapter 6 presents a set of operational examples for retrieving surface fluxes using RS data. The first example is the study of temporal evolution of ET-maps in Western Africa under monsoonal influence. In a second example, we apply the new scheme proposed in Chapter 4 to retrieve and analyse the long term evolution (2000-2009) of the surface energy balance components, G, H and ET at several sites of the Segura Basin (S-E Spain) using MODIS-Terra data (land surface temperature and NDVI). Temporal and spatial distribution of evapotranspiration reveals different controls on ET. (Chapter 6). In the last example, MODIS-Aqua Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is used to validate a mathematical model to retrieve surface fluxes in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, S-E Spain). El objetivo de esta tesis es de desarrollar y evaluar herramientas y aplicaciones de la teledetección para estimar flujos de superficie en zonas semiáridas. En una primera parte (Cap

Improved hydrological model parametrization for climate change impact assessment under data scarcity - The potential of field monitoring techniques and geostatistics.

PubMed

Meyer, Swen; Blaschek, Michael; Duttmann, Rainer; Ludwig, Ralf

2016-02-01

According to current climate projections, Mediterranean countries are at high risk for an even pronounced susceptibility to changes in the hydrological budget and extremes. These changes are expected to have severe direct impacts on the management of water resources, agricultural productivity and drinking water supply. Current projections of future hydrological change, based on regional climate model results and subsequent hydrological modeling schemes, are very uncertain and poorly validated. The Rio Mannu di San Sperate Basin, located in Sardinia, Italy, is one test site of the CLIMB project. The Water Simulation Model (WaSiM) was set up to model current and future hydrological conditions. The availability of measured meteorological and hydrological data is poor as it is common for many Mediterranean catchments. In this study we conducted a soil sampling campaign in the Rio Mannu catchment. We tested different deterministic and hybrid geostatistical interpolation methods on soil textures and tested the performance of the applied models. We calculated a new soil texture map based on the best prediction method. The soil model in WaSiM was set up with the improved new soil information. The simulation results were compared to standard soil parametrization. WaSiMs was validated with spatial evapotranspiration rates using the triangle method (Jiang and Islam, 1999). WaSiM was driven with the meteorological forcing taken from 4 different ENSEMBLES climate projections for a reference (1971-2000) and a future (2041-2070) times series. The climate change impact was assessed based on differences between reference and future time series. The simulated results show a reduction of all hydrological quantities in the future in the spring season. Furthermore simulation results reveal an earlier onset of dry conditions in the catchment. We show that a solid soil model setup based on short-term field measurements can improve long-term modeling results, which is especially important

TOWARD DETECTING THE 2175 A DUST FEATURE ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG HIGH-REDSHIFT Mg II ABSORPTION LINES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang Peng; Zhou Hongyan; Wang Junxian

2011-05-10

We report detections of 39 2175 A dust extinction bump candidates associated with strong Mg II absorption lines at z{approx} 1-1.8 on quasar spectra in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR3. These strong Mg II absorption line systems are detected among 2951 strong Mg II absorbers with a rest equivalent width W{sub r} {lambda}2796> 1.0 A at 1.0 < z < 1.86, which is part of a full sample of 7421 strong Mg II absorbers compiled by Prochter et al. The redshift range of the absorbers is chosen to allow the 2175 A extinction features to be completely covered withinmore » the SDSS spectrograph operation wavelength range. An upper limit of the background quasar emission redshift at z = 2.1 is set to prevent the Ly{alpha} forest lines from contaminating the sensitive spectral region for the 2175 A bump measurements. The FM90 parameterization is applied to model the optical/UV extinction curve in the rest frame of Mg II absorbers of the 2175 A bump candidates. The simulation technique developed by Jiang et al. is used to derive the statistical significance of the candidate 2175 A bumps. A total of 12 absorbers are detected with 2175 A bumps at a 5{sigma} level of statistical significance, 10 are detected at a 4{sigma} level, and 17 are detected at a 3{sigma} level. Most of the candidate bumps in this work are similar to the relatively weak 2175 A bumps observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud LMC2 supershell rather than the strong ones observed in the Milky Way. This sample has greatly increased the total number of 2175 A extinction bumps measured on SDSS quasar spectra. Follow-up observations may rule out some of the possible false detections and reveal the physical and chemical natures of 2175 A quasar absorbers.« less

Development of Load Duration Curve System in Data Scarce Watersheds Based on a Distributed Hydrological Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

WANG, J.

2017-12-01

In stream water quality control, the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program is very effective. However, the load duration curves (LDC) of TMDL are difficult to be established because no sufficient observed flow and pollutant data can be provided in data-scarce watersheds in which no hydrological stations or consecutively long-term hydrological data are available. Although the point sources or a non-point sources of pollutants can be clarified easily with the aid of LDC, where does the pollutant come from and to where it will be transported in the watershed cannot be traced by LDC. To seek out the best management practices (BMPs) of pollutants in a watershed, and to overcome the limitation of LDC, we proposed to develop LDC based on a distributed hydrological model of SWAT for the water quality management in data scarce river basins. In this study, firstly, the distributed hydrological model of SWAT was established with the scarce-hydrological data. Then, the long-term daily flows were generated with the established SWAT model and rainfall data from the adjacent weather station. Flow duration curves (FDC) was then developed with the aid of generated daily flows by SWAT model. Considering the goal of water quality management, LDC curves of different pollutants can be obtained based on the FDC. With the monitored water quality data and the LDC curves, the water quality problems caused by the point or non-point source pollutants in different seasons can be ascertained. Finally, the distributed hydrological model of SWAT was employed again to tracing the spatial distribution and the origination of the pollutants of coming from what kind of agricultural practices and/or other human activities. A case study was conducted in the Jian-jiang river, a tributary of Yangtze river, of Duyun city, Guizhou province. Results indicate that this kind of method can realize the water quality management based on TMDL and find out the suitable BMPs for reducing pollutant in a watershed.

THE EXTREME SMALL SCALES: DO SATELLITE GALAXIES TRACE DARK MATTER?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watson, Douglas F.; Berlind, Andreas A.; McBride, Cameron K.

2012-04-10

We investigate the radial distribution of galaxies within their host dark matter halos as measured in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by modeling their small-scale clustering. Specifically, we model the Jiang et al. measurements of the galaxy two-point correlation function down to very small projected separations (10 h{sup -1} kpc {<=} r {<=} 400 h{sup -1} kpc), in a wide range of luminosity threshold samples (absolute r-band magnitudes of -18 up to -23). We use a halo occupation distribution framework with free parameters that specify both the number and spatial distribution of galaxies within their host dark matter halos. Wemore » assume one galaxy resides in the halo center and additional galaxies are considered satellites that follow a radial density profile similar to the dark matter Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile, except that the concentration and inner slope are allowed to vary. We find that in low luminosity samples (M{sub r} < -19.5 and lower), satellite galaxies have radial profiles that are consistent with NFW. M{sub r} < -20 and brighter satellite galaxies have radial profiles with significantly steeper inner slopes than NFW (we find inner logarithmic slopes ranging from -1.6 to -2.1, as opposed to -1 for NFW). We define a useful metric of concentration, M{sub 1/10}, which is the fraction of satellite galaxies (or mass) that are enclosed within one-tenth of the virial radius of a halo. We find that M{sub 1/10} for low-luminosity satellite galaxies agrees with NFW, whereas for luminous galaxies it is 2.5-4 times higher, demonstrating that these galaxies are substantially more centrally concentrated within their dark matter halos than the dark matter itself. Our results therefore suggest that the processes that govern the spatial distribution of galaxies, once they have merged into larger halos, must be luminosity dependent, such that luminous galaxies become poor tracers of the underlying dark matter.« less

Blood Pressure Changes in Relation to Arsenic Exposure in a U.S. Pregnancy Cohort

PubMed Central

Farzan, Shohreh F.; Chen, Yu; Wu, Fen; Jiang, Jieying; Liu, Mengling; Baker, Emily; Korrick, Susan A.

2015-01-01

Background Inorganic arsenic exposure has been related to the risk of increased blood pressure based largely on cross-sectional studies conducted in highly exposed populations. Pregnancy is a period of particular vulnerability to environmental insults. However, little is known about the cardiovascular impacts of arsenic exposure during pregnancy. Objectives We evaluated the association between prenatal arsenic exposure and maternal blood pressure over the course of pregnancy in a U.S. population. Methods The New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study in which > 10% of participant household wells exceed the arsenic maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L established by the U.S. EPA. Total urinary arsenic measured at 24–28 weeks gestation was measured and used as a biomarker of exposure during pregnancy in 514 pregnant women, 18–45 years of age, who used a private well in their household. Outcomes were repeated blood pressure measurements (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) recorded during pregnancy. Results Using linear mixed effects models, we estimated that, on average, each 5-μg/L increase in urinary arsenic was associated with a 0.15-mmHg (95% CI: 0.02, 0.29; p = 0.022) increase in systolic blood pressure per month and a 0.14-mmHg (95% CI: 0.02, 0.25; p = 0.021) increase in pulse pressure per month over the course of pregnancy. Conclusions In our U.S. cohort of pregnant women, arsenic exposure was associated with greater increases in blood pressure over the course of pregnancy. These findings may have important implications because even modest increases in blood pressure impact cardiovascular disease risk. Citation Farzan SF, Chen Y, Wu F, Jiang J, Liu M, Baker E, Korrick SA, Karagas MR. 2015. Blood pressure changes in relation to arsenic exposure in a U.S. pregnancy cohort. Environ Health Perspect 123:999–1006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408472 PMID:25793356

Large scale validation of an efficient CRISPR/Cas-based multi gene editing protocol in Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Zerbini, Francesca; Zanella, Ilaria; Fraccascia, Davide; König, Enrico; Irene, Carmela; Frattini, Luca F; Tomasi, Michele; Fantappiè, Laura; Ganfini, Luisa; Caproni, Elena; Parri, Matteo; Grandi, Alberto; Grandi, Guido

2017-04-24

The exploitation of the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery coupled to lambda (λ) recombinase-mediated homologous recombination (recombineering) is becoming the method of choice for genome editing in E. coli. First proposed by Jiang and co-workers, the strategy has been subsequently fine-tuned by several authors who demonstrated, by using few selected loci, that the efficiency of mutagenesis (number of mutant colonies over total number of colonies analyzed) can be extremely high (up to 100%). However, from published data it is difficult to appreciate the robustness of the technology, defined as the number of successfully mutated loci over the total number of targeted loci. This information is particularly relevant in high-throughput genome editing, where repetition of experiments to rescue missing mutants would be impractical. This work describes a "brute force" validation activity, which culminated in the definition of a robust, simple and rapid protocol for single or multiple gene deletions. We first set up our own version of the CRISPR/Cas9 protocol and then we evaluated the mutagenesis efficiency by changing different parameters including sequence of guide RNAs, length and concentration of donor DNAs, and use of single stranded and double stranded donor DNAs. We then validated the optimized conditions targeting 78 "dispensable" genes. This work led to the definition of a protocol, featuring the use of double stranded synthetic donor DNAs, which guarantees mutagenesis efficiencies consistently higher than 10% and a robustness of 100%. The procedure can be applied also for simultaneous gene deletions. This work defines for the first time the robustness of a CRISPR/Cas9-based protocol based on a large sample size. Since the technical solutions here proposed can be applied to other similar procedures, the data could be of general interest for the scientific community working on bacterial genome editing and, in particular, for those involved in synthetic biology projects

Response solutions and quasi-periodic degenerate bifurcations for quasi-periodically forced systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Si, Wen; Si, Jianguo

2018-06-01

This paper includes two parts. In the first part, we first focus on quasi-periodic time dependent perturbations of one-dimensional quasi-periodically forced systems with degenerate equilibrium. We study the system in two cases, for one of which system admits a response solution under a non-resonant condition on the frequency vector weaker than Brjuno–Rüssmann’s and for another of which system also admits a response solution without any non-resonant conditions. Next, we investigate the existence of response solutions of a quasi-periodic perturbed system with degenerate (including completely degenerate) equilibrium under Brjuno–Rüssmann’s non-resonant condition by using the Herman method. In the second part, we consider, firstly, the quasi-periodic perturbation of a universal unfolding of one-dimensional degenerate vector field . Secondly, we consider the perturbation of a universal unfolding of normal two-dimensional Hamiltonian system with completely degenerate equilibrium. With KAM theory and singularity theory, we show that these two classes of universal unfolding can persist on large Cantor sets under Brjuno–Rüssmann’s non-resonant condition, which implies all the invariant tori in the integrable part and all the bifurcation scenario can survive on large Cantor sets. The result for Hamiltonian system can apply directly to the response context for quasi-periodically forced systems. Our results in this paper can be regarded as an improvement with respect to several results in various literature (Broer et al 2005 Nonlinearity 18 1735–69 Broer et al 2006 J. Differ. Equ. 222 233–62 Wagener 2005 J. Differ. Equ. 216 216–81 Xu 2010 J. Differ. Equ. 250 551–71 Xu and Jiang 2010 Ergod. Theor. Dynam. Syst. 31 599–611 Lu and Xu 2014 Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 21 361–70). This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11171185, 11571201).

Spontaneous non-volcanic tremor detected in the Anza Seismic Gap of San Jacinto Fault

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hutchison, A. A.; Ghosh, A.

2017-12-01

Non-volcanic tremor (NVT), a type of slow earthquake, is becoming more frequently detected along plate boundaries, particularly in subduction zones, and is also observed along the San Andreas Fault [e.g. Nadeau & Dolenc, 2005]. NVT is typically associated with transient deformation (i.e. slow slip) in the transition zone [e.g. Ide et al., 2007], and at times it is observed with deep creep along faults [e.g. Beroza & Ide, 2011]. Using several independent location and detection methods including multi-beam backprojection [Ghosh et al., 2009a; 2012], envelope cross correlation [Wech & Creager, 2008], spectral analyses and visual inspection of existing network stations and high-density mini seismic array data, we detect multiple discrete spontaneous tremor events in the Anza Gap of the San Jacinto Fault (SJF) in June, 2011. The events occur on the SJF where the Hot Springs Fault terminates, on the northwestern boundary of the Anza Gap, below the inferred seismogenic zone characterized by velocity weakening frictional behavior [e.g. Lindsay et al., 2014]. The location methods provide consistent locations for each event in our catalog. Low slowness values help rule-out surface noise that may result in false detections. Analyses of frequency spectra show these time windows are depleted in high frequency energy in the displacement amplitude spectrum compared to small local regular (fast) earthquakes. This spectral pattern is characteristic of tremor [Shelly et al., 2007]. We interpret this tremor to be a seismic manifestation of slow-slip events below the seismogenic zone. Recently, an independent geodetic study suggests that the 2010 El Mayor-Cucupah earthquake triggered a slow-slip event in the Anza Gap [Inbal et al., 2017]. In addition, multiple studies infer deep creep in the SJF [e.g. Meng & Peng et al., 2016; Jiang & Fialko, 2016] indicating that this fault is capable of producing slow slip events. Transient tectonic behavior like tremor and slow slip may be playing

Oscillatory dependence of current driven domain wall motion on current pulse length

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, Luc

2007-03-01

The motion of domain walls (DW) in magnetic nanowires driven by spin torque from spin-polarized current is of considerable interest. Most previous work has considered the effect of dc or ˜microsecond long current pulses. Here, we show that the dynamics of DWs driven by nanosecond-long current pulses is unexpectedly complex. In particular, we show that the current driven motion of a DW, confined to a pinning site in a permalloy nanowire, exhibits an oscillatory dependence on the current pulse length with a period of just a few nanoseconds [1]. This behavior can be understood within a surprisingly straightforward one dimensional analytical model of the DW's motion. When a current pulse is applied, the DW's position oscillates within the pinning potential out of phase with the DW's out-of-plane magnetization, where the latter acts like the DW's momentum. Thus, the current driven motion of the DW is akin to a harmonic oscillator, whose frequency is determined by the ``mass'' of the DW and where the restoring force is related to the slope of the pinning potential. Remarkably, when the current pulse is turned off during phases of the DW motion when it has enough momentum, the amplitude of the oscillations can be amplified such that the DW exits the pinning potential well after the pulse is turned off. This oscillatory depinning occurs for currents smaller than the dc threshold current, and, moreover, the DW moves against the electron flow, opposite to the propagation direction above the dc threshold. These effects can be further amplified by using trains of current pulses whose lengths and separations are matched to the DW's oscillation period. In this way, we have demonstrated a five fold reduction in the threshold current required to move a DW out of a pinning site, making this effect potentially important for technological applications. [1] L. Thomas, M. Hayashi, X. Jiang, R. Moriya, C. Rettner and S.S.P. Parkin, Nature 443, 197 (2006).

David Adler Lectureship Award in the Field of Materials Physics: Racetrack Memory - a high-performance, storage class memory using magnetic domain-walls manipulated by current

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parkin, Stuart

2012-02-01

Racetrack Memory is a novel high-performance, non-volatile storage-class memory in which magnetic domains are used to store information in a ``magnetic racetrack'' [1]. The magnetic racetrack promises a solid state memory with storage capacities and cost rivaling that of magnetic disk drives but with much improved performance and reliability: a ``hard disk on a chip''. The magnetic racetrack is comprised of a magnetic nanowire in which a series of magnetic domain walls are shifted to and fro along the wire using nanosecond-long pulses of spin polarized current [2]. We have demonstrated the underlying physics that makes Racetrack Memory possible [3,4] and all the basic functions - creation, and manipulation of a train of domain walls and their detection. The physics underlying the current induced dynamics of domain walls will also be discussed. In particular, we show that the domain walls respond as if they have mass, leading to significant inertial driven motion of the domain walls over long times after the current pulses are switched off [3]. We also demonstrate that in perpendicularly magnetized nanowires there are two independent current driving mechanisms: one derived from bulk spin-dependent scattering that drives the domain walls in the direction of electron flow, and a second interfacial mechanism that can drive the domain walls either along or against the electron flow, depending on subtle changes in the nanowire structure. Finally, we demonstrate thermally induced spin currents are large enough that they can be used to manipulate domain walls. [4pt] [1] S.S.P. Parkin, US Patent 6,834,005 (2004); S.S.P. Parkin et al., Science 320, 190 (2008); S.S.P. Parkin, Scientific American (June 2009). [0pt] [2] M. Hayashi, L. Thomas, R. Moriya, C. Rettner and S.S.P. Parkin, Science 320, 209 (2008). [0pt] [3] L. Thomas, R. Moriya, C. Rettner and S.S.P. Parkin, Science 330, 1810 (2010). [0pt] [4] X. Jiang et al. Nat. Comm. 1:25 (2010) and Nano Lett. 11, 96 (2011).

Tethyan evolution of central Asia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sengor, A.M.C.

1990-05-01

The study area extends from the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea in the west to the Helan Shan and Longmen Shan in the east and from about 40{degree}N parallel in the north to the neo-Tethyan sutures in the south, thus including what is called Middle Asia in the Soviet literature. In the region thus delineated lies the boundary between the largely late Paleozoic core of Asia (Altaids) and the Tethyside superorogenic complex. This boundary passes through continental objects that collided with nuclear Asia in the late Paleozoic to terminate its Altaid evolution. Subduction to the south of some ofmore » these had commenced before they collided (e.g., Tarim in the Kuen-Lun), in others later (e.g., South Ghissar area west of Pamirs). This subduction 1ed, in the late Paleozoic, to the opening of marginal basins, at least one of which may be partly extant (Tarim). Giant subduction accretion complexes of Paleozoic to earliest Triassic age dominate farther south in the basement of Turan (mainly in Turkmenian SSR) and in the Kuen-Lun/Nan Shan ranges. No discrete continental collisions or any continental basement in these regions could be unequivocally recognized contrary to most current interpretations. Magmatic arcs that developed along the southern margin of Asia in the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic grew atop these subduction-accretion complexes and record a gradual southerly migration of magmatism through time. Subduction also dominated the northern margin of Gondwanaland between Iran and China in late Paleozoic time, although the record in Afghanistan and northwest Tibet is scrappy. It led to back-arc basin formation, which in Iran and Oman became neo-Tethys and, in at least parts of central Asia, the Waser-Mushan-Pshart/Banggong Co-Nu Jiang ocean. This ocean was probably connected with the Omani part of the neo-Tethys via the Sistan region.« less

Behavioral and Genetic Dissection of a Mouse Model for Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome

PubMed Central

Jiang, Peng; Striz, Martin; Wisor, Jonathan P.; O'Hara, Bruce F.

2011-01-01

Study Objective: The adaptive value of the endogenous circadian clock arises from its ability to synchronize (i.e., entrain) to external light-dark (LD) cycles at an appropriate phase. Studies have suggested that advanced circadian phase alignment might result from shortening of the period length of the clock. Here we explore mechanisms that contribute to an early activity phase in CAST/EiJ (CAST) mice. Methods: We investigated circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity in C57BL/6J (B6), CAST and 2 strains of B6.CAST congenic mice, which carry CAST segments introgressed in a B6 genome. Results: When entrained, all CAST mice initiate daily activity several hours earlier than normal mice. This difference could not be explained by alterations in the endogenous period, as activity onset did not correlate with period length. However, the photic phase-shifting responses in these mice were phase-lagged by 3 hours relative to their activity. Attenuated light masking responses were also found in CAST mice, which allow for activity normally inhibited by light. A previously identified quantitative trait locus (QTL), Era1, which contributes to the early activity trait, was confirmed and refined here using two B6.CAST congenic strains. Surprisingly, these B6.CAST mice exhibited longer rather than shorter endogenous periods, further demonstrating that the advanced phase in these mice is not due to alterations in period. Conclusions: CAST mice have an advanced activity phase similar to human advanced sleep phase syndrome. This advanced phase is not due to its shorter period length or smaller light-induced phase shifts, but appears to be related to both light masking and altered coupling of the circadian pacemaker with various outputs. Lastly, a QTL influencing this trait was confirmed and narrowed using congenic mice as a first step toward gene identification. Citation: Jiang P; Striz M; Wisor JP; O'Hara BF. Behavioral and genetic dissection of a mouse model for advanced sleep

Does public reporting influence antibiotic and injection prescribing to all patients? A cluster-randomized matched-pair trial in china.

PubMed

Liu, Chenxi; Zhang, Xinping; Wang, Xuan; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Wan, Jie; Zhong, Fangying

2016-06-01

The inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics and injections are serious threats to global population, and the public reporting of health care performance (PRHCP) has been an important instrument for improving the quality of care. However, existing evidence shows a mixed effect of PRHCP. This study is to explore the potential effectiveness of PRHCP that contributes to the convincing evidence of health policy and reform.This study was undertaken in Qian Jiang City, applying a matched-pair cluster-randomized trial. Twenty primary care institutions were treated as clusters and were matched into 10 pairs. Clusters in each pair were randomly assigned into a control or an intervention group. Physicians' prescribing information was publicly reported to patients and physicians monthly in the intervention group from October 2013. A total of 748,632 outpatient prescriptions were included for difference-in-difference (DID) regression model and subgroups (SGs) analysis.Overall, PRHCP intervention led to a slight reduction in the use of combined antibiotics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.870, P < 0.001) and slowed the average expenditure increase of patients (coefficient = -0.051, P < 0.001). SG analysis showed the effect of PRHCP varied among patients with different characteristics. PRHCP decreased the probability of prescriptions requiring antibiotics, combined antibiotics, and injections of patients aged 18 to 64 years old (OR < 1), and all results were statistically significant. By contrast, the results of elderly and minor patients with health insurance showed that PRHCP increased their probability of prescriptions requiring antibiotics and injections. PRHCP slowed the increase of average expenditure of most SGs.PRHCP intervention can influence the prescribing pattern of physicians. Patient factors such as age and health insurance influence the effect of PRHCP intervention, which imply that PRHCP should be designed for different patients. Patient education, aiming at

Qcl Spectroscopy at 9 μM Calibrated with a High-Power Thulium-Based Frequency Comb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mills, Andrew A.; Jiang, Jie; Hartl, Ingmar; Fermann, Martin; Gatti, Davide; Marangoni, Marco

2012-06-01

Optical frequency comb synthesizers (OFCS) comprised of mode-locked femtosecond lasers can be stabilized with Hertz-level accuracy and used in combination with cw lasers for high resolution spectroscopy. As currently established OFCS technologies are confined to the near-IR, mid-IR spectroscopy requires either down-conversion of near-IR combs or up-conversion of the probing laser. Due to the near-IR absorption edge of the nonlinear crystals with extended mid-IR transparency, the conversion efficiency of nonlinear processes increases with the wavelength of the interacting fields. A more straightforward and efficient link between comb and probing laser is thus expected to be obtained by increasing the wavelength of the comb synthesizer. In this work, the use of a novel, powerful Thulium-based OFCS with emission wavelengths near 2 μm is shown to be an excellent candidate to obtain absolute frequency calibration of quantum cascade lasers (QCL) operating at wavelengths as long as 9 μm. Specifically, by combining the frequencies of a 9 μm QCL with the high power 2 μm comb in a AgGaSe_2 crystal, SFG light is created near 1.6 μm. A portion of the 2 μm comb is non-linearly shifted to 1.6 μm. As the carrier envelope offset frequency (fceo) is the same for the SFG radiation and the shifted comb at 1.6 μm, heterodyning the two signals produces a beat signal independent of fceo, eliminating the need for an octave spanning comb and f-2f interferometer. We report on the development of this instrument, and the absolute line transitions of NH_3 at 9 μm, enabled by rapid scanning of the repetition rate of the comb enabled to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. J. Jiang, C. Mohr, J. Bethge, M. Fermann, and I. Hartl, in CLEO/Europe and EQEC 2011 Conference Digest, OSA Technical Digest (CD) PDB_1, 2001 D. Gatti, A. Gambetta, A. Castrillo, G. Galzerano, P. Laporta, L. Gainfrani and M. Marangoni Op. Exp. 19, 17520 2011

Objected-oriented remote sensing image classification method based on geographic ontology model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Z.; Liu, Z. J.; Gu, H. Y.

2016-11-01

Nowadays, with the development of high resolution remote sensing image and the wide application of laser point cloud data, proceeding objected-oriented remote sensing classification based on the characteristic knowledge of multi-source spatial data has been an important trend on the field of remote sensing image classification, which gradually replaced the traditional method through improving algorithm to optimize image classification results. For this purpose, the paper puts forward a remote sensing image classification method that uses the he characteristic knowledge of multi-source spatial data to build the geographic ontology semantic network model, and carries out the objected-oriented classification experiment to implement urban features classification, the experiment uses protégé software which is developed by Stanford University in the United States, and intelligent image analysis software—eCognition software as the experiment platform, uses hyperspectral image and Lidar data that is obtained through flight in DaFeng City of JiangSu as the main data source, first of all, the experiment uses hyperspectral image to obtain feature knowledge of remote sensing image and related special index, the second, the experiment uses Lidar data to generate nDSM(Normalized DSM, Normalized Digital Surface Model),obtaining elevation information, the last, the experiment bases image feature knowledge, special index and elevation information to build the geographic ontology semantic network model that implement urban features classification, the experiment results show that, this method is significantly higher than the traditional classification algorithm on classification accuracy, especially it performs more evidently on the respect of building classification. The method not only considers the advantage of multi-source spatial data, for example, remote sensing image, Lidar data and so on, but also realizes multi-source spatial data knowledge integration and application

Validation studies of the site-directed docking program LibDock.

PubMed

Rao, Shashidhar N; Head, Martha S; Kulkarni, Amit; LaLonde, Judith M

2007-01-01

The performance of the site-features docking algorithm LibDock has been evaluated across eight GlaxoSmithKline targets as a follow-up to a broad validation study of docking and scoring software (Warren, G. L.; Andrews, W. C.; Capelli, A.; Clarke, B.; Lalonde, J.; Lambert, M. H.; Lindvall, M.; Nevins, N.; Semus, S. F.; Senger, S.; Tedesco, G.; Walls, I. D.; Woolven, J. M.; Peishoff, C. E.; Head, M. S. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 5912-5931). Docking experiments were performed to assess both the accuracy in reproducing the binding mode of the ligand and the retrieval of active compounds in a virtual screening protocol using both the DJD (Diller, D. J.; Merz, K. M., Jr. Proteins 2001, 43, 113-124) and LigScore2 (Krammer, A. K.; Kirchoff, P. D.; Jiang, X.; Venkatachalam, C. M.; Waldman, M. J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 2005, 23, 395-407) scoring functions. This study was conducted using DJD scoring, and poses were rescored using all available scoring functions in the Accelrys LigandFit module, including LigScore2. For six out of eight targets at least 30% of the ligands were docked within a root-mean-square difference (RMSD) of 2.0 A for the crystallographic poses when the LigScore2 scoring function was used. LibDock retrieved at least 20% of active compounds in the top 10% of screened ligands for four of the eight targets in the virtual screening protocol. In both studies the LigScore2 scoring function enhanced the retrieval of crystallographic poses or active compounds in comparison with the results obtained using the DJD scoring function. The results for LibDock accuracy and ligand retrieval in virtual screening are compared to 10 other docking and scoring programs. These studies demonstrate the utility of the LigScore2 scoring function and that LibDock as a feature directed docking method performs as well as docking programs that use genetic/growing and Monte Carlo driven algorithms.

Privacy-Preserving Predictive Modeling: Harmonization of Contextual Embeddings From Different Sources.

PubMed

Huang, Yingxiang; Lee, Junghye; Wang, Shuang; Sun, Jimeng; Liu, Hongfang; Jiang, Xiaoqian

2018-05-16

information flow in health care. ©Yingxiang Huang, Junghye Lee, Shuang Wang, Jimeng Sun, Hongfang Liu, Xiaoqian Jiang. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http://medinform.jmir.org), 16.05.2018.

What do patients expect from treatment with Dental Implants? Perceptions, expectations and misconceptions: a multicenter study.

PubMed

Yao, Jie; Li, Ming; Tang, Hua; Wang, Peng-Lai; Zhao, Yu-Xiao; McGrath, Colman; Mattheos, Nikos

2017-03-01

While research in terms of patient-centered care in implant therapy is growing, few studies have investigated patients' initial perceptions prior to consultation with the implant dentist. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to capture patients' initial information level, perceptions, as well as expectations from the implant therapy. A 34-item questionnaire was developed to investigate patients' preoperative information, perceptions and expectations from treatment with Dental Implants. The study was conducted in three locations (Hong Kong, SiChuan and JiangSu) during 2014-2015 with 277 patients. The main information source about implant therapy was the dentist or hygienist for less than half of the patients (n = 113, 42%). About 62.8% of participants considered that they were in general informed about implants, but only 17.7% felt confident with the information they had. More than 30% of the sample appeared to maintain dangerous misperceptions about Dental Implants: "Dental Implants require less care than natural teeth"; "Treatment with Dental Implants is appropriate for all patients with missing teeth"; "Dental Implants last longer than natural teeth"; and "Treatments with Dental Implants have no risks or complications." Patients were divided when asked whether "Dental Implants are as functional as natural teeth" (agreement frequency = 52.7%). Expectations from treatment outcome were commonly high, while there was a significant correlation between the overall mean of perception scores and outcome expectation scores (r = 0.32, P < 0.001). Overall, younger subjects (<45 years) and those with higher education level (bachelor and postgraduate) tended to present more realistic perceptions and lower outcome expectations. The majority of patients in this study presented relatively realistic perceptions. However, an alarming portion of the sample presented with inaccurate perceptions and unrealistic expectations, which the dental team would need to diagnose

Identification of Major Quantitative Trait Loci for Seed Oil Content in Soybeans by Combining Linkage and Genome-Wide Association Mapping.

PubMed

Cao, Yongce; Li, Shuguang; Wang, Zili; Chang, Fangguo; Kong, Jiejie; Gai, Junyi; Zhao, Tuanjie

2017-01-01

Soybean oil is the most widely produced vegetable oil in the world and its content in soybean seed is an important quality trait in breeding programs. More than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for soybean oil content have been identified. However, most of them are genotype specific and/or environment sensitive. Here, we used both a linkage and association mapping methodology to dissect the genetic basis of seed oil content of Chinese soybean cultivars in various environments in the Jiang-Huai River Valley. One recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (NJMN-RIL), with 104 lines developed from a cross between M8108 and NN1138-2 , was planted in five environments to investigate phenotypic data, and a new genetic map with 2,062 specific-locus amplified fragment markers was constructed to map oil content QTLs. A derived F 2 population between MN-5 (a line of NJMN-RIL) and NN1138-2 was also developed to confirm one major QTL. A soybean breeding germplasm population (279 lines) was established to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 59,845 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers. In the NJMN-RIL population, 8 QTLs were found that explained a range of phenotypic variance from 6.3 to 26.3% in certain planting environments. Among them, qOil-5-1, qOil-10-1 , and qOil-14-1 were detected in different environments, and qOil-5-1 was further confirmed using the secondary F 2 population. Three loci located on chromosomes 5 and 20 were detected in a 2-year long GWAS, and one locus that overlapped with qOil-5-1 was found repeatedly and treated as the same locus. qOil-5-1 was further localized to a linkage disequilibrium block region of approximately 440 kb. These results will not only increase our understanding of the genetic control of seed oil content in soybean, but will also be helpful in marker-assisted selection for breeding high seed oil content soybean and gene cloning to elucidate the mechanisms of seed oil content.

Model elucidating the sources and formation mechanisms of severe haze pollution over Northeast mega-city cluster in China.

PubMed

Yang, Ting; Gbaguidi, Alex; Yan, Pingzhong; Zhang, Wending; Zhu, Lili; Yao, Xuefeng; Wang, Zifa; Chen, Hui

2017-11-01

Recent studies on regional haze pollution over China come up in general with strong variability of main causes of heavy polluted episodes, in linkage with local specificities, sources and pollution characteristics. This paper therefore aims at elucidating the main specific sources and formation mechanisms of observed strong haze pollution episodes over 1-15 November 2015 in Northeast region considered as one of biggest megacity clusters in China. The Northeast China mega-city cluster, including Heilong Jiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, is adjacent to Russia in the north, Mongolian at the west, North Korea at east, and representing key geographical location in the regional and transnational air pollution issues in China due to the presence of heavy industries and intense economic activities. The present study, based on air quality monitoring, remote sensing satellite data and sensitivity experiments carried on the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS), quantitatively assesses the impact of meteorological conditions and potential contributions from regional chemical transport, intensive energy combustion, illegal emission and biomass burning emissions to PM 2.5 concentration variation. The results indicate strong inversion occurrence at lower atmosphere with weak near-surface wind speed and high relative humidity, leading to PM 2.5 concentration increase of about 30-50%. Intensive energy combustion (plausibly for heating activities) and illegal emission also significantly enhance the overall PM 2.5 accumulation by 100-200 μg m -3 (60-70% increase), against 75-100 μg m -3 from the biomass burning under the northeast-southwest transport pathway, corresponding to a contribution of 10-20% to PM 2.5 concentration increase. Obviously, stagnant meteorological conditions, energy combustion, illegal emission and biomass burning are main drivers of strong haze formation and spatial distribution over Northeast China megacity cluster. In clear, much

Generalized Split-Window Algorithm for Estimate of Land Surface Temperature from Chinese Geostationary FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FY-2C) Data.

PubMed

Tang, Bohui; Bi, Yuyun; Li, Zhao-Liang; Xia, Jun

2008-02-14

On the basis of the radiative transfer theory, this paper addressed the estimate ofLand Surface Temperature (LST) from the Chinese first operational geostationarymeteorological satellite-FengYun-2C (FY-2C) data in two thermal infrared channels (IR1,10.3-11.3 μ m and IR2, 11.5-12.5 μ m ), using the Generalized Split-Window (GSW)algorithm proposed by Wan and Dozier (1996). The coefficients in the GSW algorithmcorresponding to a series of overlapping ranging of the mean emissivity, the atmosphericWater Vapor Content (WVC), and the LST were derived using a statistical regressionmethod from the numerical values simulated with an accurate atmospheric radiativetransfer model MODTRAN 4 over a wide range of atmospheric and surface conditions.The simulation analysis showed that the LST could be estimated by the GSW algorithmwith the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) less than 1 K for the sub-ranges with theViewing Zenith Angle (VZA) less than 30° or for the sub-rangs with VZA less than 60°and the atmospheric WVC less than 3.5 g/cm² provided that the Land Surface Emissivities(LSEs) are known. In order to determine the range for the optimum coefficients of theGSW algorithm, the LSEs could be derived from the data in MODIS channels 31 and 32 provided by MODIS/Terra LST product MOD11B1, or be estimated either according tothe land surface classification or using the method proposed by Jiang et al. (2006); and theWVC could be obtained from MODIS total precipitable water product MOD05, or beretrieved using Li et al.' method (2003). The sensitivity and error analyses in term of theuncertainty of the LSE and WVC as well as the instrumental noise were performed. Inaddition, in order to compare the different formulations of the split-window algorithms,several recently proposed split-window algorithms were used to estimate the LST with thesame simulated FY-2C data. The result of the intercomparsion showed that most of thealgorithms give comparable results.

Reactive Transport of the Uranyl Ion in Soils, Sediments, and Groundwater Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zachara, John M.; Ilton, Eugene S.; Liu, Chongxuan

2013-05-16

Uranium is a ubiquitous trace component in rocks ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 µg g-1 in sedimentary rocks, 2.2 to 15 µg g-1 in granites, and 20 to 120 µg g-1 in phosphates (Langmuir, 1997; Plant et al., 1999). Uranium (U) is released to natural waters in dilute concentrations (generally < 10-7 mole L-1) from the weathering of these sources, with water concentrations in uraniferous geologic terrains, such as the southwestern U.S. (USGS, 2011), being higher (~ 10-6.5 mol L-1). Elevated water-borne concentrations are associated with the weathering of natural ore bodies [~10-6 mol L-1; e.g, (Payne and Airey, 2006)],more » the extraction and mining of U for armaments (Jiang and Aschner, 2009; WHO, 2001) and nuclear fuels [10-6 to 10-3 mol L-1; (Abdelouas et al., 1999)], and the disposal of waste solids and liquids from nuclear fuels reprocessing and arms production [~ 10-6 to 10-2 mol L-1; e.g., (Wan et al., 2009; Zachara et al., 2007)]. The form of U present in natural waters at high concentration is generally the uranyl ion [e.g., UO22+] which is quite soluble. Groundwater in many parts of the world contains dissolved U originating from natural and anthropogenic sources (ATSDR, 2011; EFSA, 2009). Low levels of dissolved U in drinking water are considered a health concern, causing renal and other effects (Kurttio et al., 2002; Kurttio et al., 2005; Limson Zamora et al., 1998; Nriagu et al., 2012; Raymond-Whish et al., 2007; Selden et al., 2009). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established a regulatory drinking water standard of 30 µg L-1 (1.26 x 10-7 mol L-1) or 30 pCi L-1, whichever is exceeded first. The World Health Organization has recommended an even lower drinking water standard of 15 µg L-1 [6.3 x 10-8 mol L-1; (WHO, 2005)]. Human exposure to U through drinking water is expected to rise as world-wide reliance on groundwater sources increase (ESS, 2010).« less

Spatial variations in fluvial incision across the eastern margin of Tibet reveal locus of deformation in the deep crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirby, Eric

2017-04-01

The manifestation of coupling among climate, erosion and tectonics along steep topographic margins of orogenic plateaus is strongly dependent on the processes driving crustal thickening. Along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, a long-standing and vigorous debate persists over whether mountain building occurred largely along upper-crustal faults or was the consequence of distributed thickening in the lower crust. Here I revisit this debate and show how surface deformation recorded by geomorphology over millennial timescales (10^4-105 yr) can yield insight into the role the deep crust along plateau margins. In contrast to the intensively studied Longmen Shan, the topographic margin of the Tibetan Plateau north of the Sichuan Basin follows the north-south Min Shan and cuts orthogonally across the structural grain of the Mesozoic West Qinling orogen. The lack of a direct association of topography with upper crustal faults affords an opportunity to evaluate the patterns of differential rock uplift from geomorphology. First, I employ an empirical calibration of river profile steepness (channel gradient normalized for drainage basin area) and erosion rate from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in modern sediment. Application to the channels draining the plateau margin reveals a locus of high (300-500 m/Myr) erosion rate coincident with the Min Shan. Second, I present new results of surveying and dating of fluvial terraces developed along the Bailong Jiang, one of the major rivers draining across the plateau margin. A preliminary chronology of terrace formation and abandonment based on radiocarbon and OSL dating of fluvial deposits reveals systematic spatial gradients in fluvial incision, with highest incision rates (1000-2000 m/Myr) localized along the axis of the Min Shan and decreasing toward both the foreland and the plateau. This locus of incision has apparently been sustained through multiple generations of terrace formation and abandonment since at least 80 ka

Landslide/reservoir interaction: 3D numerical modelling of the Vajont rockslide and generated water wave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crosta, G.; Imposimato, S.; Roddeman, D.; Frattini, P.

2012-04-01

Fast moving landslides can be originated along slopes in mountainous terrains with natural and artificial lakes, or fjords at the slope foot. This landslides can reach extremely high speed and the impact with the immobile reservoir water can be influenced by the local topography and the landslide mass profile. The impact can generate large impulse waves and landslide tsunami. Initiation, propagation and runup are the three phases that need to be considered. The landslide evolution and the consequent wave can be controlled by the initial mass position (subaerial, partially or completely submerged), the landslide speed, the type of material, the subaerial and subaqueous slope geometry, the landslide depth and length at the impact, and the water depth. Extreme events have been caused by subaerial landslides: the 1963 Vajont rockslide (Italy), the 1958 Lituya Bay event (Alaska), the Tafjord and the Loen multiple events event (Norway), also from volcanic collapses (Hawaii and Canary islands). Various researchers completed a systematic experimental work on 2D and 3D wave generation and propagation (Kamphuis and Bowering, 1970; Huber, 1980; Müller, 1995; Huber and Hager, 1997; Fritz, 2002; Zweifel, 2004; Panizzo et al., 2005; Heller, 2007; Heller and Kinnear, 2010; Sælevik et al., 2009), using both rigid blocks and deformable granular" masses. Model data and results have been used to calibrate and validate numerical modelling tools (Harbitz, 1992; Jiang and LeBlond, 1993; Grilli et al., 2002; Grilli and Watts, 2005; Lynett and Liu, 2005; Tinti et al., 2006; Abadie et al., 2010) generally considering simplified rheologies (e.g. viscous rheologies) for subaerial subaqueous spreading. We use a FEM code (Roddeman, 2011; Crosta et al., 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011) adopting an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to give accurate results for large deformations. We model both 2D and fully 3D events considering different settings. The material is considered as a fully deformable elasto

Climate Variability In The Euro-atlantic Sector As Simulated By Echam4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menezes, I.; Corte-Real, J.; Ramos, A.; Conde, F.

The atmosphere is a fundamental component of the climate system and its influence in local and global climates results from its composition, structure and motion. The best available tools to simulate future climates are coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), ECHAM4 (T42 L19)[1] being a very relevant exam- ple of such a model due to its elaborated parametrizations of physical processes. The purpose of this work is twofold : (1) to assess the ability of ECHAM4 in reproducing the reference climate of 1961-1990, over the Euro-Atlantic sector (29N-71N; 67W- 59E) in terms of mean sea level pressure, surface temperature and total precipitation; (2) to evaluate the expected changes of the same climate elements in a warmer world. To attain the first goal the ECHAMSs control run output is compared with observed data obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU data set)[2-5]; to achieve the second objective, the modelSs control run is compared with its transient run forced by greenhouse gases. In both cases, comparisons are made in terms of mean values, variability in space and time and extremes. References [1] E. Roeckner, K. Arpe, L. Bengtsson, M. Christoph, M. Claussen, L. Dümenil, M. Esch, M. Giorgetta, U. Schlese, and U. Schulzweida, 1996: The atmospheric gen- eral circulation model ECHAM4: Model description and simulation of present-day climate. Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Report No. 218, Hamburg, Germany, 90 pp. [2] M. Hulme, D. Conway, P.D. Jones, T. Jiang, E.M. Barrow, and C. Turney (1995), Construction of a 1961-90 European climatology for climate change impacts and mod- elling applications, Int. J. Climatol., 15, 1333-1363. [3] M. Hulme (1994), The cost of climate data U a European experience, Weather, 49, 168-175. [4] M. Hulme, and M.G. New (1997), Dependence of large-scale precipitation clima- tologies on temporal and spatial sampling, J. Climate, 10, 1099-1113. 1 [5] C.J. Willmot, S.M. Robeson and M.J. Janis (1996

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance and tunneling spin polarization in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO (100) tunnel barriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parkin, Stuart

2006-03-01

Recent advances in generating, manipulating and detecting spin-polarized electrons and electrical current make possible new classes of spin based sensor, memory and logic devices [1]. One key component of many such devices is the magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) - a sandwich of thin layers of metallic ferromagnetic electrodes separated by a tunneling barrier, typically an oxide material only a few atoms thick. The magnitude of the tunneling current passing through the barrier can be adjusted by varying the relative magnetic orientation of the adjacent ferromagnetic layers. As a result, MTJs can be used to sense the magnitude of magnetic fields or to store information. The electronic structure of the ferromagnet together with that of the insulator determines the spin polarization of the current through an MTJ -- the ratio of 'up' to 'down' spin electrons. Using conventional amorphous alumina tunnel barriers tunneling spin polarization (TSP) values of up to ˜55% are found for conventional 3d ferromagnets, such as CoFe, but using highly textured crystalline MgO tunnel barriers TSP values of more than 90% can be achieved for otherwise the same ferromagnet [2]. Such TSP values rival those previously observed only with half-metallic ferromagnets. Corresponding giant values of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) are found, exceeding 350% at room temperature and nearly 600% at 3K. Perhaps surprisingly the MgO tunnel barrier can be quite rough: its thickness depends on the local crystalline texture of the barrier, which itself is influenced by structural defects in the underlayer. We show that the magnitude and the sign of the TMR is strongly influenced by defects in the tunnel barrier and by the detailed structure of the barrier/ferromagnet interfaces. The observation of Kondo-assisted tunneling phenomena will be discussed as well as the detailed dependence of TMR on chemical bonding at the interfaces [3]. [1] .S.S.P. Parkin, X. Jiang, C. Kaiser, et al., Proc. IEEE 91, 661

Spin-Orbit Torque-Assisted Switching in Magnetic Insulator Thin Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Mingzhong

As an in-plane charge current flows in a heavy metal film with spin-orbit coupling, it produces a torque that can induce magnetization switching in a neighboring ferromagnetic metal film. Such spin-orbit torque (SOT)-induced switching has been studied extensively in recent years and has shown higher efficiency than switching using conventional spin-transfer torque. This presentation reports the SOT-assisted switching in heavy metal/magnetic insulator systems.1 The experiments made use of Pt/BaFe12O19 bi-layered structures. Thanks to its strong spin-orbit coupling, Pt has been widely used to produce pure spin currents in previous studies. BaFe12O19 is an M-type barium hexagonal ferrite and is often referred as BaM. It is one of the few magnetic insulators with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy and shows an effective uniaxial anisotropy field of about 17 kOe. It's found that the switching response in the BaM film strongly depends on the charge current applied to the Pt film. When a constant magnetic field is applied in the film plane, the charge current in the Pt film can switch the normal component of the magnetization (M⊥) in the BaM film between the up and down states. The current also dictates the up and down states of the remnant magnetization when the in-plane field is reduced to zero. When M⊥ is measured by sweeping an in-plane field, the response manifests itself as a hysteresis loop, which evolves in a completely opposite manner if the sign of the charge current is flipped. When the coercivity is measured by sweeping an out-of-plane field, its value can be reduced or increased by as much as about 500 Oe if an appropriate charge current is applied. 1. P. Li, T. Liu, H. Chang, A. Kalitsov, W. Zhang, G. Csaba, W. Li, D. Richardson, A. Demann, G. Rimal, H. Dey, J. S. Jiang, W. Porod, S. Field, J. Tang, M. C. Marconi, A. Hoffmann, O. Mryasov, and M. Wu, Nature Commun. 7:12688 doi: 10.1038/ncomms12688 (2016).

Directed networks' different link formation mechanisms causing degree distribution distinction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behfar, Stefan Kambiz; Turkina, Ekaterina; Cohendet, Patrick; Burger-Helmchen, Thierry

2016-11-01

Within undirected networks, scientists have shown much interest in presenting power-law features. For instance, Barabási and Albert (1999) claimed that a common property of many large networks is that vertex connectivity follows scale-free power-law distribution, and in another study Barabási et al. (2002) showed power law evolution in the social network of scientific collaboration. At the same time, Jiang et al. (2011) discussed deviation from power-law distribution; others indicated that size effect (Bagrow et al., 2008), information filtering mechanism (Mossa et al., 2002), and birth and death process (Shi et al., 2005) could account for this deviation. Within directed networks, many authors have considered that outlinks follow a similar mechanism of creation as inlinks' (Faloutsos et al., 1999; Krapivsky et al., 2001; Tanimoto, 2009) with link creation rate being the linear function of node degree, resulting in a power-law shape for both indegree and outdegree distribution. Some other authors have made an assumption that directed networks, such as scientific collaboration or citation, behave as undirected, resulting in a power-law degree distribution accordingly (Barabási et al., 2002). At the same time, we claim (1) Outlinks feature different degree distributions than inlinks; where different link formation mechanisms cause the distribution distinctions, (2) in/outdegree distribution distinction holds for different levels of system decomposition; therefore this distribution distinction is a property of directed networks. First, we emphasize in/outlink formation mechanisms as causal factors for distinction between indegree and outdegree distributions (where this distinction has already been noticed in Barker et al. (2010) and Baxter et al. (2006)) within a sample network of OSS projects as well as Java software corpus as a network. Second, we analyze whether this distribution distinction holds for different levels of system decomposition: open

[First aid system for trauma: development and status].

PubMed

Chen, D K; Lin, W C; Zhang, P; Kuang, S J; Huang, W; Wang, T B

2017-04-18

With the great progress of the economy, the level of industrialization has been increasing year by year, which leads to an increase in accidental trauma accidents. Chinese annual death of trauma is already more than 400 000, which makes trauma the fifth most common cause of death, following malignant tumor, heart, brain and respiratory diseases. Trauma is the leading cause of the death of young adults. At the same time, trauma has become a serious social problem in peace time. Trauma throws great treats on human health and life. As an important part in the medical and social security system, the emergency of trauma system occupies a very important position in the emergency medical service system. In European countries as well as the United States and also many other developed countries, trauma service system had a long history, and progressed to an advanced stage. However, Chinese trauma service system started late and is still developing. It has not turned into a complete and standardized system yet. This review summarizes the histories and current situations of the development of traumatic first aid system separately in European countries, the United States and our country. Special attentions are paid to the effects of the pre- and in-hospital emergency care. We also further try to explore the Chinese trauma emergency model that adapts to the situations of China and characteristics of different regions of China. Our review also introduces the trauma service system that suits the situations of China proposed by Professor Jiang Baoguo's team in details, taking Chinese conditions into account, they conducted a thematic study and made an expert consensus on pre-hospital emergency treatment of severe trauma, providing a basic routine and guidance of severe trauma treatment for those pre-hospital emergency physicians. They also advised to establish independent trauma disciplines and trauma specialist training systems, and to build the regional trauma care system as

Spatial variations in fluvial incision across the eastern margin of Tibet reveal locus of thickening in the deep crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirby, Eric; Zhang, Huiping; Chen, Jie

2016-04-01

The manifestation of coupling among climate, erosion and tectonics along steep topographic margins of orogenic plateaus is strongly dependent on the processes driving crustal thickening. Along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, a long-standing an vigorous debate persists over whether mountain building occurred largely along upper-crustal faults or was the consequence of distributed thickening in the lower crust. Here we revisit this debate and show how surface deformation recorded by geomorphology over millennial timescales (104-105 yr) can yield insight into the role the deep crust along plateau margins. In contrast to the intensively studied Longmen Shan, the topographic margin of the Tibetan Plateau north of the Sichuan Basin follows the north-south Min Shan and cuts orthogonally across the structural grain of the Mesozoic West Qinling orogen. The lack of a direct association of topography with upper crustal faults affords an opportunity to evaluate the patterns of differential rock uplift from geomorphology. First, we employ an empirical calibration of river profile steepness (channel gradient normalized for drainage basin area) and erosion rate from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in modern sediment. Application to the channels draining the plateau margin reveals a locus of high (300-500 m/Myr) erosion rate coincident with the Min Shan. Second, we present new results of surveying and dating of fluvial terraces developed along the Bailong Jiang, one of the major rivers draining across the plateau margin. A preliminary chronology of terrace tread deposits based on radiocarbon and OSL samples reveals systematic spatial gradients in fluvial incision, with highest incision rates (1000-2000 m/Myr) localized along the axis of the Min Shan and decreasing toward both the foreland and the plateau. This locus of incision has apparently been sustained through multiple generations of terrace formation and abandonment since ca. 80ka and thus is interpreted to reflect

Dilution of 10Be in detrital quartz by earthquake-induced landslides: Implications for determining denudation rates and potential to provide insights into landslide sediment dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

West, A. Joshua; Hetzel, Ralf; Li, Gen; Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei; Hilton, Robert G.; Densmore, Alexander L.

2014-06-01

The concentration of 10Be in detrital quartz (10Beqtz) from river sediments is now widely used to quantify catchment-wide denudation rates but may also be sensitive to inputs from bedrock landslides that deliver sediment with low 10Beqtz. Major landslide-triggering events can provide large amounts of low-concentration material to rivers in mountain catchments, but changes in river sediment 10Beqtz due to such events have not yet been measured directly. Here we examine the impact of widespread landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on 10Beqtz in sediment samples from the Min Jiang river basin, in Sichuan, China. Landslide deposit material associated with the Wenchuan earthquake has consistently lower 10Beqtz than in river sediment prior to the earthquake. River sediment 10Beqtz decreased significantly following the earthquake downstream of areas of high coseismic landslide occurrence (i.e., with greater than ∼0.3% of the upstream catchment area affected by landslides), because of input of the 10Be-depleted landslide material, but showed no systematic changes where landslide occurrence was low. Changes in river sediment 10Beqtz concentration were largest in small first-order catchments but were still significant in large river basins with areas of 104-105 km. Spatial and temporal variability in river sediment 10Beqtz has important implications for inferring representative denudation rates in tectonically active, landslide-dominated environments, even in large basins. Although the dilution of 10Beqtz in river sediment by landslide inputs may complicate interpretation of denudation rates, it also may provide a possible opportunity to track the transport of landslide sediment. The associated uncertainties are large, but in the Wenchuan case, calculations based on 10Be mixing proportions suggest that river sediment fluxes in the 2-3 years following the earthquake increased by a similar order of magnitude in the 0.25-1 mm and the <0.25 mm size fractions

Distributed GPU Computing in GIScience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Y.; Yang, C.; Huang, Q.; Li, J.; Sun, M.

2013-12-01

Transactions on, 9(3), 378-394. 2. Li, J., Jiang, Y., Yang, C., Huang, Q., & Rice, M. (2013). Visualizing 3D/4D Environmental Data Using Many-core Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs). Computers & Geosciences, 59(9), 78-89. 3. Owens, J. D., Houston, M., Luebke, D., Green, S., Stone, J. E., & Phillips, J. C. (2008). GPU computing. Proceedings of the IEEE, 96(5), 879-899.

Clumped Isotope Values from the Doushantuo Formation of South China: Evaluation of Hydrothermal Influence, Disequilibria and Diagenetic Effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foster, I. S.; Zhu, M.; Lu, M.; Bristow, T.; Bonifacie, M.; Tripati, A.

2015-12-01

The Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (635 - 551 Ma) of southern China is a phosphate-dolostone-black shale sequence following the Marinoan "Snowball Earth" episode that represents an important period in Earth history. It contains abundant phosphate-preserved microfossils, and extremely low carbon isotope values in the cap dolostone unit that have been interpreted to reflect formation in a methane seep environment [1]. Previous clumped isotope analysis of 13C-depleted carbonate veins from the basal Doushantuo samples have been interpreted to reflect hydrothermally-derived thermogenic methane oxidation [2], however recent work on modern and ancient cold seep samples suggests clumped isotope signatures in these environments are influenced by disequilibria effects [3] and are vulnerable to post-depositional diagenesis via internal reordering at temperatures exceeding ~ 100 - 120 ˚C [4]. Here we present initial data from the cap-carbonates overlying the Nantuo diamictite. Our analysis includes a variety of micro-facies from the cap-carbonate including pure calcite and micrite, with a range of carbonate carbon isotopic values. Data presented here will be used to attempt to determine if the samples exhibit disequilibria effects such as those observed in modern cold seep environments, as well as to evaluate the role of hydrothermal activity in the Doushantuo Formation. [1] Jiang, G., Kennedy, M.J., Christie-Blick, N., 2003. Stable isotope evidence for methane seeps in Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates. Nature 426, 822-826. [2] Bristow, T.F., Bonifacie, M., Derkowski, A., Eiler, J.M., Grotzinger, J.P., 2011. A hydrothermal origin for isotopically anomalous cap dolostone cements from south China. Nature 474, 68-72. [3] Loyd, S., Sample, J.C., Orphan, V.J., Marlow, J., Eagle, R., Tripati, A.K., 2012. Clumped isotope analyses of cold seep carbonates: Insights into formation environment and mechanisms. Abstract B51G-0639 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco

The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein activates mTORC1 signaling and increases protein synthesis.

PubMed

Spangle, Jennifer M; Münger, Karl

2010-09-01

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase acts as a cellular rheostat that integrates signals from a variety of cellular signal transduction pathways that sense growth factor and nutrient availability as well as intracellular energy status. It was previously reported that the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 oncoprotein may activate the S6 protein kinase (S6K) through binding and E6AP-mediated degradation of the mTOR inhibitor tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) (Z. Lu, X. Hu, Y. Li, L. Zheng, Y. Zhou, H. Jiang, T. Ning, Z. Basang, C. Zhang, and Y. Ke, J. Biol. Chem. 279:35664-35670, 2004; L. Zheng, H. Ding, Z. Lu, Y. Li, Y. Pan, T. Ning, and Y. Ke, Genes Cells 13:285-294, 2008). Our results confirmed that HPV16 E6 expression causes an increase in mTORC1 activity through enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR and activation of downstream signaling pathways S6K and eukaryotic initiation factor binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). However, we did not detect a decrease in TSC2 levels in HPV16 E6-expressing cells. We discovered, however, that HPV16 E6 expression causes AKT activation through the upstream kinases PDK1 and mTORC2 under conditions of nutrient deprivation. We show that HPV16 E6 expression causes an increase in protein synthesis by enhancing translation initiation complex assembly at the 5' mRNA cap and an increase in cap-dependent translation. The increase in cap-dependent translation likely results from HPV16 E6-induced AKT/mTORC1 activation, as the assembly of the translation initiation complex and cap-dependent translation are rapamycin sensitive. Lastly, coexpression of the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins does not affect HPV16 E6-induced activation of mTORC1 and cap-dependent translation. HPV16 E6-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling and cap-dependent translation may be a mechanism to promote viral replication under conditions of limited nutrient supply in differentiated, HPV oncoprotein-expressing proliferating cells.

Identification of Major Quantitative Trait Loci for Seed Oil Content in Soybeans by Combining Linkage and Genome-Wide Association Mapping

PubMed Central

Cao, Yongce; Li, Shuguang; Wang, Zili; Chang, Fangguo; Kong, Jiejie; Gai, Junyi; Zhao, Tuanjie

2017-01-01

Soybean oil is the most widely produced vegetable oil in the world and its content in soybean seed is an important quality trait in breeding programs. More than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for soybean oil content have been identified. However, most of them are genotype specific and/or environment sensitive. Here, we used both a linkage and association mapping methodology to dissect the genetic basis of seed oil content of Chinese soybean cultivars in various environments in the Jiang-Huai River Valley. One recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (NJMN-RIL), with 104 lines developed from a cross between M8108 and NN1138-2, was planted in five environments to investigate phenotypic data, and a new genetic map with 2,062 specific-locus amplified fragment markers was constructed to map oil content QTLs. A derived F2 population between MN-5 (a line of NJMN-RIL) and NN1138-2 was also developed to confirm one major QTL. A soybean breeding germplasm population (279 lines) was established to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 59,845 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers. In the NJMN-RIL population, 8 QTLs were found that explained a range of phenotypic variance from 6.3 to 26.3% in certain planting environments. Among them, qOil-5-1, qOil-10-1, and qOil-14-1 were detected in different environments, and qOil-5-1 was further confirmed using the secondary F2 population. Three loci located on chromosomes 5 and 20 were detected in a 2-year long GWAS, and one locus that overlapped with qOil-5-1 was found repeatedly and treated as the same locus. qOil-5-1 was further localized to a linkage disequilibrium block region of approximately 440 kb. These results will not only increase our understanding of the genetic control of seed oil content in soybean, but will also be helpful in marker-assisted selection for breeding high seed oil content soybean and gene cloning to elucidate the mechanisms of seed oil content. PMID:28747922

Generalized Split-Window Algorithm for Estimate of Land Surface Temperature from Chinese Geostationary FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FY-2C) Data

PubMed Central

Tang, Bohui; Bi, Yuyun; Li, Zhao-Liang; Xia, Jun

2008-01-01

On the basis of the radiative transfer theory, this paper addressed the estimate of Land Surface Temperature (LST) from the Chinese first operational geostationary meteorological satellite-FengYun-2C (FY-2C) data in two thermal infrared channels (IR1, 10.3-11.3 μm and IR2, 11.5-12.5 μm), using the Generalized Split-Window (GSW) algorithm proposed by Wan and Dozier (1996). The coefficients in the GSW algorithm corresponding to a series of overlapping ranging of the mean emissivity, the atmospheric Water Vapor Content (WVC), and the LST were derived using a statistical regression method from the numerical values simulated with an accurate atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 4 over a wide range of atmospheric and surface conditions. The simulation analysis showed that the LST could be estimated by the GSW algorithm with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) less than 1 K for the sub-ranges with the Viewing Zenith Angle (VZA) less than 30° or for the sub-rangs with VZA less than 60° and the atmospheric WVC less than 3.5 g/cm2 provided that the Land Surface Emissivities (LSEs) are known. In order to determine the range for the optimum coefficients of the GSW algorithm, the LSEs could be derived from the data in MODIS channels 31 and 32 provided by MODIS/Terra LST product MOD11B1, or be estimated either according to the land surface classification or using the method proposed by Jiang et al. (2006); and the WVC could be obtained from MODIS total precipitable water product MOD05, or be retrieved using Li et al.' method (2003). The sensitivity and error analyses in term of the uncertainty of the LSE and WVC as well as the instrumental noise were performed. In addition, in order to compare the different formulations of the split-window algorithms, several recently proposed split-window algorithms were used to estimate the LST with the same simulated FY-2C data. The result of the intercomparsion showed that most of the algorithms give comparable results. PMID

The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samei, Ehsan; Krupinski, Elizabeth

2014-07-01

1. Medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; Part I. Historical Reflections and Theoretical Foundations: 2. A short history of image perception in medical radiology Harold Kundel and Calvin Nodine; 3. Spatial vision research without noise Arthur Burgess; 4. Signal detection theory, a brief history Arthur Burgess; 5. Signal detection in radiology Arthur Burgess; 6. Lessons from dinners with the giants of modern image science Robert Wagner; Part II. Science of Image Perception: 7. Perceptual factors in reading medical images Elizabeth Krupinski; 8. Cognitive factors in reading medical images David Manning; 9. Satisfaction of search in traditional radiographic imaging Kevin Berbaum, Edmund Franken, Robert Caldwell and Kevin Schartz; 10. The role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation Calvin Nodine and Claudia Mello-Thoms; 11. A primer of image quality and its perceptual relevance Robert Saunders and Ehsan Samei; 12. Beyond the limitations of human vision Maria Petrou; Part III. Perception Metrology: 13. Logistical issues in designing perception experiments Ehsan Samei and Xiang Li; 14. ROC analysis: basic concepts and practical applications Georgia Tourassi; 15. Multi-reader ROC Steve Hillis; 16. Recent developments in FROC methodology Dev Chakraborty; 17. Observer models as a surrogate to perception experiments Craig Abbey and Miguel Eckstein; 18. Implementation of observer models Matthew Kupinski; Part IV. Decision Support and Computer Aided Detection: 19. CAD: an image perception perspective Maryellen Giger and Weijie Chen; 20. Common designs of CAD studies Yulei Jiang; 21. Perceptual effect of CAD in reading chest images Matthew Freedman and Teresa Osicka; 22. Perceptual issues in mammography and CAD Michael Ulissey; 23. How perceptual factors affect the use and accuracy of CAD for interpretation of CT images Ronald Summers; 24. CAD: risks and benefits for radiologists' decisions Eugenio Alberdi, Andrey Povyakalo, Lorenzo Strigini and

The Handbook of Medical Image Perception and Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samei, Ehsan; Krupinski, Elizabeth

2009-12-01

1. Medical image perception Ehsan Samei and Elizabeth Krupinski; Part I. Historical Reflections and Theoretical Foundations: 2. A short history of image perception in medical radiology Harold Kundel and Calvin Nodine; 3. Spatial vision research without noise Arthur Burgess; 4. Signal detection theory, a brief history Arthur Burgess; 5. Signal detection in radiology Arthur Burgess; 6. Lessons from dinners with the giants of modern image science Robert Wagner; Part II. Science of Image Perception: 7. Perceptual factors in reading medical images Elizabeth Krupinski; 8. Cognitive factors in reading medical images David Manning; 9. Satisfaction of search in traditional radiographic imaging Kevin Berbaum, Edmund Franken, Robert Caldwell and Kevin Schartz; 10. The role of expertise in radiologic image interpretation Calvin Nodine and Claudia Mello-Thoms; 11. A primer of image quality and its perceptual relevance Robert Saunders and Ehsan Samei; 12. Beyond the limitations of human vision Maria Petrou; Part III. Perception Metrology: 13. Logistical issues in designing perception experiments Ehsan Samei and Xiang Li; 14. ROC analysis: basic concepts and practical applications Georgia Tourassi; 15. Multi-reader ROC Steve Hillis; 16. Recent developments in FROC methodology Dev Chakraborty; 17. Observer models as a surrogate to perception experiments Craig Abbey and Miguel Eckstein; 18. Implementation of observer models Matthew Kupinski; Part IV. Decision Support and Computer Aided Detection: 19. CAD: an image perception perspective Maryellen Giger and Weijie Chen; 20. Common designs of CAD studies Yulei Jiang; 21. Perceptual effect of CAD in reading chest images Matthew Freedman and Teresa Osicka; 22. Perceptual issues in mammography and CAD Michael Ulissey; 23. How perceptual factors affect the use and accuracy of CAD for interpretation of CT images Ronald Summers; 24. CAD: risks and benefits for radiologists' decisions Eugenio Alberdi, Andrey Povyakalo, Lorenzo Strigini and

Antimicrobial Effects of Free Nitrous Acid on Desulfovibrio vulgaris: Implications for Sulfide-Induced Corrosion of Concrete

PubMed Central

Gao, Shu-Hong; Ho, Jun Yuan; Fan, Lu; Richardson, David J.; Yuan, Zhiguo

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in sewers causes odor problems and asset deterioration due to the sulfide-induced concrete corrosion. Free nitrous acid (FNA) was recently demonstrated as a promising antimicrobial agent to alleviate hydrogen sulfide production in sewers. However, details of the antimicrobial mechanisms of FNA are largely unknown. Here, we report the multiple-targeted antimicrobial effects of FNA on the SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough by determining the growth, physiological, and gene expression responses to FNA exposure. The activities of growth, respiration, and ATP generation were inhibited when exposed to FNA. These changes were reflected in the transcript levels detected during exposure. The removal of FNA was evident by nitrite reduction that likely involved nitrite reductase and the poorly characterized hybrid cluster protein, and the genes coding for these proteins were highly expressed. During FNA exposure, lowered ribosome activity and protein production were detected. Additionally, conditions within the cells were more oxidizing, and there was evidence of oxidative stress. Based on an interpretation of the measured responses, we present a model depicting the antimicrobial effects of FNA on D. vulgaris. These findings provide new insight for understanding the responses of D. vulgaris to FNA and will provide a foundation for optimal application of this antimicrobial agent for improved control of sewer corrosion and odor management. IMPORTANCE Hydrogen sulfide produced by SRB in sewers causes odor problems and results in serious deterioration of sewer assets that requires very costly and demanding rehabilitation. Currently, there is successful application of the antimicrobial agent free nitrous acid (FNA), the protonated form of nitrite, for the control of sulfide levels in sewers (G. Jiang et al., Water Res 47:4331–4339, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.024). However, the

Interaction between Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Genetic Polymorphisms on Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Prospective Case-Cohort Study

PubMed Central

Wu, Fen; Jasmine, Farzana; Kibriya, Muhammad G.; Liu, Mengling; Cheng, Xin; Parvez, Faruque; Islam, Tariqul; Ahmed, Alauddin; Rakibuz-Zaman, Muhammad; Jiang, Jieying; Roy, Shantanu; Paul-Brutus, Rachelle; Slavkovich, Vesna; Islam, Tariqul; Levy, Diane; VanderWeele, Tyler J.; Pierce, Brandon L.; Graziano, Joseph H.; Ahsan, Habibul

2015-01-01

Background: Epidemiologic data on genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular effects of arsenic exposure from drinking water are limited. Objective: We investigated whether the association between well-water arsenic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) differed by 170 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 genes related to arsenic metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Method: We conducted a prospective case-cohort study nested in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, with a random subcohort of 1,375 subjects and 447 incident fatal and nonfatal cases of CVD. Well-water arsenic was measured in 2000 at baseline. The CVD cases, 56 of which occurred in the subcohort, included 238 coronary heart disease cases, 165 stroke cases, and 44 deaths due to other CVD identified during follow-up from 2000 to 2012. Results: Of the 170 SNPs tested, multiplicative interactions between well-water arsenic and two SNPs, rs281432 in ICAM1 (padj = 0.0002) and rs3176867 in VCAM1 (padj = 0.035), were significant for CVD after adjustment for multiple testing. Compared with those with GC or CC genotype in rs281432 and lower well-water arsenic, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for CVD was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.54) for a 1-SD increase in well-water arsenic combined with the GG genotype, which was greater than expected given aHRs of 1.08 and 0.96 for separate effects of arsenic and the genotype alone, respectively. Similarly, the joint aHR for arsenic and the rs3176867 CC genotype was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.87), greater than expected given aHRs for their separate effects of 1.02 and 0.84, respectively. Conclusions: Associations between CVD and arsenic exposure may be modified by genetic variants related to endothelial dysfunction. Citation: Wu F, Jasmine F, Kibriya MG, Liu M, Cheng X, Parvez F, Islam T, Ahmed A, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Jiang J, Roy S, Paul-Brutus R, Slavkovich V, Islam T, Levy D, VanderWeele TJ, Pierce BL, Graziano JH, Ahsan H, Chen Y. 2015

The Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers, Community Residents, and Children Living in Their Households: North Carolina, USA

PubMed Central

Hatcher, Sarah M.; Rhodes, Sarah M.; Stewart, Jill R.; Silbergeld, Ellen; Pisanic, Nora; Larsen, Jesper; Jiang, Sharon; Krosche, Amanda; Hall, Devon; Carroll, Karen C.; Heaney, Christopher D.

2016-01-01

Background: Antibiotic use in industrial hog operations (IHOs) can support the emergence of antibiotic-resistant (ABR) Staphylococcus aureus. The extent of ABR S. aureus exposure in IHO workers and children living in their households remains unclear. Objective: We investigated ABR S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence among adults with versus without occupational exposure to IHOs and among children living in their households. Methods: In total, 198 IHO worker–child household pairs and 202 community referent (CR) adult–child household pairs completed a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab which was analyzed for S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), absence of scn (putative marker of livestock association), and spa type. Results: S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence was higher among IHO (53%) compared with CR (31%) adults [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.83], but MRSA nasal carriage prevalence was uncommon (2–3%) in IHO and CR adults. MDRSA nasal carriage prevalence was similar among IHO workers and CR adults (12% vs. 8%; aPR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.56, 2.29). Nasal carriage prevalence was higher among IHO compared with CR children for S. aureus (49% vs. 31%; aPR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99), MRSA (14% vs. 6%; aPR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.14, 4.92), and MDRSA (23% vs. 8%; aPR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.47, 4.75). We also found suggestive evidence of a higher prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, and MDRSA among children living with an IHO worker who did versus did not report taking personal protective equipment (PPE) home from the IHO. Livestock-associated S. aureus nasal carriage predominated among IHO workers. Conclusion: Our findings support the importance of further research on the prevalence and potential sources of exposure to ABR S. aureus among children living with IHO workers. Citation: Hatcher SM, Rhodes SM, Stewart JR, Silbergeld E, Pisanic N, Larsen J, Jiang S, Krosche A, Hall D, Carroll

Accuracy of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory conservative finite difference schemes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Don, Wai-Sun; Borges, Rafael

2013-10-01

In the reconstruction step of (2r-1) order weighted essentially non-oscillatory conservative finite difference schemes (WENO) for solving hyperbolic conservation laws, nonlinear weights αk and ωk, such as the WENO-JS weights by Jiang et al. and the WENO-Z weights by Borges et al., are designed to recover the formal (2r-1) order (optimal order) of the upwinded central finite difference scheme when the solution is sufficiently smooth. The smoothness of the solution is determined by the lower order local smoothness indicators βk in each substencil. These nonlinear weight formulations share two important free parameters in common: the power p, which controls the amount of numerical dissipation, and the sensitivity ε, which is added to βk to avoid a division by zero in the denominator of αk. However, ε also plays a role affecting the order of accuracy of WENO schemes, especially in the presence of critical points. It was recently shown that, for any design order (2r-1), ε should be of Ω(Δx2) (Ω(Δxm) means that ε⩾CΔxm for some C independent of Δx, as Δx→0) for the WENO-JS scheme to achieve the optimal order, regardless of critical points. In this paper, we derive an alternative proof of the sufficient condition using special properties of βk. Moreover, it is unknown if the WENO-Z scheme should obey the same condition on ε. Here, using same special properties of βk, we prove that in fact the optimal order of the WENO-Z scheme can be guaranteed with a much weaker condition ε=Ω(Δxm), where m(r,p)⩾2 is the optimal sensitivity order, regardless of critical points. Both theoretical results are confirmed numerically on smooth functions with arbitrary order of critical points. This is a highly desirable feature, as illustrated with the Lax problem and the Mach 3 shock-density wave interaction of one dimensional Euler equations, for a smaller ε allows a better essentially non-oscillatory shock capturing as it does not over-dominate over the size of �

The Moho structure beneath the Yarlung Zangbo Suture and its implications: Evidence from 2000 kg large dynamite shots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, R.; Li, H.; Li, W.; Lu, Z.; Guo, X.; WANG, Y.

2017-12-01

The YZS (Yarlung Zangbo Suture) is the collisional front between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The depth and geometry of the Moho thus provide first-order information for the restoration of complex geodynamic systems. Over the past three decades, numerous seismic experiments have been conducted across the YZS, including deep seismic reflection profiles, deep seismic soundings and broadband observation studies. However, there is strong disagreement concerning the character of the Moho along the YZS in Tibet. Hirn proposed an offset of more than 15 km along the Moho below the YZS according to wide-angle observations acquired by a Sino-French cooperative experiment. Jiang argued that the Moho exhibits a 20-km offset after analyzing multiple broadband seismic profiles across the YZS. Gao did not find any significant changes in the Moho depth using deep seismic reflection profile data across the western YZS. The above mentioned summary of previous findings shows that similar geophysical observations have yielded contrasting models. Due to the shortage of high-resolution geophysical data, the above controversial problems cannot currently be resolved effectively without improving the accuracy of available geophysical observations and consequently obtaining reliable evidence. The rapid development of the technology of deep seismic reflection profiling has provided an opportunity to resolve the above controversies. two deep seismic reflection profiles across the YZS(88°E) were deployed in 2015(Fig .1 -YZS-B). Four large dynamite shots with 2000 kg charges were employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) along the two transects(Fig .1 and Fig.2). The primary purpose of this experiment is to study images of the Moho both adjacent to and beneath the YZS using four large dynamite shots along two profiles. These four large shots were processed to combine two single-fold profiles. Our two single-fold profiles across the YZS clearly show the existence of a well

Assessing the Quality of Mobile Exercise Apps Based on the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines: A Reliable and Valid Scoring Instrument.

PubMed

Guo, Yi; Bian, Jiang; Leavitt, Trevor; Vincent, Heather K; Vander Zalm, Lindsey; Teurlings, Tyler L; Smith, Megan D; Modave, François

2017-03-07

scoring instruments for exercise program apps. Our instrument may be useful for consumers and health care providers who are looking for apps that provide safe, progressive general exercise programs for health and fitness. ©Yi Guo, Jiang Bian, Trevor Leavitt, Heather K Vincent, Lindsey Vander Zalm, Tyler L Teurlings, Megan D Smith, François Modave. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 07.03.2017.

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces.

PubMed

Staufer, Oskar; Weber, Sebastian; Bengtson, C Peter; Bading, Hilmar; Spatz, Joachim P; Rustom, Amin

2016-01-01

The functional fusion of "living" biomaterial (such as cells) with synthetic systems has developed into a principal ambition for various scientific disciplines. In particular, emerging fields such as bionics and nanomedicine integrate advanced nanomaterials with biomolecules, cells and organisms in order to develop novel strategies for applications, including energy production or real-time diagnostics utilizing biomolecular machineries "perfected" during billion years of evolution. To date, hardware-wetware interfaces that sample or modulate bioelectric potentials, such as neuroprostheses or implantable energy harvesters, are mostly based on microelectrodes brought into the closest possible contact with the targeted cells. Recently, the possibility of using electrochemical gradients of the inner ear for technical applications was demonstrated using implanted electrodes, where 1.12 nW of electrical power was harvested from the guinea pig endocochlear potential for up to 5 h (Mercier, P.; Lysaght, A.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Chandrakasan, A.; Stankovic, K. Nat. Biotech. 2012, 30, 1240-1243). More recent approaches employ nanowires (NWs) able to penetrate the cellular membrane and to record extra- and intracellular electrical signals, in some cases with subcellular resolution (Spira, M.; Hai, A. Nat. Nano. 2013, 8, 83-94). Such techniques include nanoelectric scaffolds containing free-standing silicon NWs (Robinson, J. T.; Jorgolli, M.; Shalek, A. K.; Yoon, M. H.; Gertner, R. S.; Park, H. Nat Nanotechnol. 2012, 10, 180-184) or NW field-effect transistors (Qing, Q.; Jiang, Z.; Xu, L.; Gao, R.; Mai, L.; Lieber, C. Nat. Nano. 2013, 9, 142-147), vertically aligned gallium phosphide NWs (Hällström, W.; Mårtensson, T.; Prinz, C.; Gustavsson, P.; Montelius, L.; Samuelson, L.; Kanje, M. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2960-2965) or individually contacted, electrically active carbon nanofibers. The latter of these approaches is capable of recording electrical responses from oxidative events

Differential contributions of ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers to nitrification in four paddy soils

PubMed Central

Wang, Baozhan; Zhao, Jun; Guo, Zhiying; Ma, Jing; Xu, Hua; Jia, Zhongjun

2015-01-01

Rice paddy fields are characterized by regular flooding and nitrogen fertilization, but the functional importance of aerobic ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers under unique agricultural management is poorly understood. In this study, we report the differential contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to nitrification in four paddy soils from different geographic regions (Zi-Yang (ZY), Jiang-Du (JD), Lei-Zhou (LZ) and Jia-Xing (JX)) that are representative of the rice ecosystems in China. In urea-amended microcosms, nitrification activity varied greatly with 11.9, 9.46, 3.03 and 1.43 μg NO3−-N g−1 dry weight of soil per day in the ZY, JD, LZ and JX soils, respectively, over the course of a 56-day incubation period. Real-time quantitative PCR of amoA genes and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed significant increases in the AOA population to various extents, suggesting that their relative contributions to ammonia oxidation activity decreased from ZY to JD to LZ. The opposite trend was observed for AOB, and the JX soil stimulated only the AOB populations. DNA-based stable-isotope probing further demonstrated that active AOA numerically outcompeted their bacterial counterparts by 37.0-, 10.5- and 1.91-fold in 13C-DNA from ZY, JD and LZ soils, respectively, whereas AOB, but not AOA, were labeled in the JX soil during active nitrification. NOB were labeled to a much greater extent than AOA and AOB, and the addition of acetylene completely abolished the assimilation of 13CO2 by nitrifying populations. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that archaeal ammonia oxidation was predominantly catalyzed by soil fosmid 29i4-related AOA within the soil group 1.1b lineage. Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB performed most bacterial ammonia oxidation in the ZY, LZ and JX soils, whereas the majority of the 13C-AOB in the JD soil was affiliated with the Nitrosomona communis lineage. The 13C-NOB was overwhelmingly

Differential contributions of ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers to nitrification in four paddy soils.

PubMed

Wang, Baozhan; Zhao, Jun; Guo, Zhiying; Ma, Jing; Xu, Hua; Jia, Zhongjun

2015-05-01

Rice paddy fields are characterized by regular flooding and nitrogen fertilization, but the functional importance of aerobic ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers under unique agricultural management is poorly understood. In this study, we report the differential contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to nitrification in four paddy soils from different geographic regions (Zi-Yang (ZY), Jiang-Du (JD), Lei-Zhou (LZ) and Jia-Xing (JX)) that are representative of the rice ecosystems in China. In urea-amended microcosms, nitrification activity varied greatly with 11.9, 9.46, 3.03 and 1.43 μg NO3(-)-N g(-1) dry weight of soil per day in the ZY, JD, LZ and JX soils, respectively, over the course of a 56-day incubation period. Real-time quantitative PCR of amoA genes and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed significant increases in the AOA population to various extents, suggesting that their relative contributions to ammonia oxidation activity decreased from ZY to JD to LZ. The opposite trend was observed for AOB, and the JX soil stimulated only the AOB populations. DNA-based stable-isotope probing further demonstrated that active AOA numerically outcompeted their bacterial counterparts by 37.0-, 10.5- and 1.91-fold in (13)C-DNA from ZY, JD and LZ soils, respectively, whereas AOB, but not AOA, were labeled in the JX soil during active nitrification. NOB were labeled to a much greater extent than AOA and AOB, and the addition of acetylene completely abolished the assimilation of (13)CO2 by nitrifying populations. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that archaeal ammonia oxidation was predominantly catalyzed by soil fosmid 29i4-related AOA within the soil group 1.1b lineage. Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB performed most bacterial ammonia oxidation in the ZY, LZ and JX soils, whereas the majority of the (13)C-AOB in the JD soil was affiliated with the Nitrosomona communis lineage. The (13)C-NOB was

Feasibility of a Mobile Phone App to Support Recovery From Addiction in China: Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Study.

PubMed

Han, Hui; Zhang, Jing Ying; Hser, Yih-Ing; Liang, Di; Li, Xu; Wang, Shan Shan; Du, Jiang; Zhao, Min

2018-02-27

in China was not positive. Hence, greater efforts are needed to improve the feasibility of mHealth in China. ©Hui Han, Jing Ying Zhang, Yih-Ing Hser, Di Liang, Xu Li, Shan Shan Wang, Jiang Du, Min Zhao. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 27.02.2018.

PREFACE: IUPAP C20 Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 2011)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troparevsky, Claudia; Stocks, George Malcolm

2012-12-01

McCurdy (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US) Ingrid Mertig (Martin Luther University, Germany) Alejandro Muramatsu (Universitat Stuttgart, Germany) Richard Needs (Cavendish Laboratory, UK) Giuseppina Orlandini (University of Trento, Italy) Martin Savage (University of Washington, US) Thomas Schulthess (ETH, Switzerland) Dzidka Szotek (Daresbury Laboratory, UK) Hideaki Takabe (Osaka University, Japan) William M. Tang (Princeton University, US) James Vary (Iowa State, US) Enge Wang (Chinese Academy of Science, China) Jian-Guo Wang (Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, China) Jian-Sheng Wang (National University, Singapore) Dan Wei (Tsinghua University, China) Tony Williams (University of Adelaide, Australia) Rudy Zeller (Julich, Germany) Conference Administrator: Ann Strange (ORNL)

Consumers' Use of UMLS Concepts on Social Media: Diabetes-Related Textual Data Analysis in Blog and Social Q&A Sites.

PubMed

Park, Min Sook; He, Zhe; Chen, Zhiwei; Oh, Sanghee; Bian, Jiang

2016-11-24

media datasets shared frequent semantic types such as "Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein," "Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component," and "Disease or Syndrome." Although the 3 social media datasets vary greatly in size, they exhibited similar conceptual coverage among UMLS source vocabularies and the identified concepts showed similar semantic type distributions. As such, concepts that are both frequently used by consumers and also found in professional vocabularies such as SNOMED CT can be suggested to OAC CHV to improve its coverage. ©Min Sook Park, Zhe He, Zhiwei Chen, Sanghee Oh, Jiang Bian. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http://medinform.jmir.org), 24.11.2016.

Attention and Cognitive Bias Modification Apps: Review of the Literature and of Commercially Available Apps.

PubMed

Zhang, Melvyn; Ying, JiangBo; Song, Guo; Fung, Daniel Ss; Smith, Helen

2018-05-24

reported in 7 of 8 trials that we identified in the published literature. Only 1 of the 8 previously evaluated apps was commercially available. The 17 commercial apps we identified tended to use either an attention visual search or gamified task. Only 1 commercial app had been evaluated in the published literature. This is perhaps the first review to synthesize the evidence for published mHealth attention bias apps. Our review demonstrated that evidence for mHealth attention bias apps is inconclusive, and quite a few commercial apps have not been validated scientifically. ©Melvyn Zhang, JiangBo Ying, Guo Song, Daniel SS Fung, Helen Smith. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 24.05.2018.

Decomposition reaction rate of BCl3-C3H6(propene)-H2 in the gas phase.

PubMed

Xiao, Jun; Su, Kehe; Liu, Yan; Ren, Hongjiang; Zeng, Qingfeng; Cheng, Laifei; Zhang, Litong

2012-07-05

The decomposition reaction rate in the BCl(3)-C(3)H(6)-H(2) gas phase reaction system in preparing boron carbides was investigated based on the most favorable reaction pathways proposed by Jiang et al. [Theor. Chem. Accs. 2010, 127, 519] and Yang et al. [J. Theor. Comput. Chem. 2012, 11, 53]. The rate constants of all the elementary reactions were evaluated with the variational transition state theory. The vibrational frequencies for the stationary points as well as the selected points along the minimum energy paths (MEPs) were calculated with density functional theory at the B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) level and the energies were refined with the accurate model chemistry method G3(MP2). For the elementary reaction associated with a transition state, the MEP was obtained with the intrinsic reaction coordinates, while for the elementary reaction without transition state, the relaxed potential energy surface scan was employed to obtain the MEP. The rate constants were calculated for temperatures within 200-2000 K and fitted into three-parameter Arrhenius expressions. The reaction rates were investigated by using the COMSOL software to solve numerically the coupled differential rate equations. The results show that the reactions are, consistent with the experiments, appropriate at 1100-1500 K with the reaction time of 30 s for 1100 K, 1.5 s for 1200 K, 0.12 s for 1300 K, 0.011 s for 1400 K, or 0.001 s for 1500 K, for propene being almost completely consumed. The completely dissociated species, boron carbides C(3)B, C(2)B, and CB, have very low concentrations, and C(3)B is the main product at higher temperatures, while C(2)B is the main product at lower temperatures. For the reaction time 1 s, all these concentrations approach into a nearly constant. The maximum value (in mol/m(3)) is for the highest temperature 1500 K with the orders of -13, -17, and -23 for C(3)B, C(2)B, and CB, respectively. It was also found that the logarithm of the overall reaction rate and reciprocal

Mobile Phone Cognitive Bias Modification Research Platform for Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

PubMed

Zhang, Melvyn; Ying, JiangBo; Song, Guo; Fung, Daniel Ss; Smith, Helen

2018-06-12

. Multimedia Appendix 1 contains a video demonstrating the operation of the app, as well as a sample dataset of the reaction times (used for the computation of attentional biases) captured by the app. The current design can be utilized for cognitive bias modification across a spectrum of disorders and is not limited to one disorder. It will be of value for future research to utilize the above platform and compare the efficacy of mHealth approaches, such as the one described in this study, with conventional Web-based approaches in the delivery of attentional bias modification interventions. RR1-10.2196/9740. ©Melvyn Zhang, JiangBo Ying, Guo Song, Daniel SS Fung, Helen Smith. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 12.06.2018.

Landslides Triggered by the 12 May 2008, M 7.9 Wenchuan, China Earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harp, E.; Jibson, R.; Godt, J.

2009-04-01

2008 remobilized many earthquake-triggered landslide deposits into debris flows, which resulted in additional fatalities, road closures, and flow restrictions of even large rivers such as the MinJiang River near Yingxiu. Increased sedimentation from the landslide debris triggered by the 12 May earthquake could significantly reduce storage capacities of the numerous reservoirs in the region. To assist with hazard mitigation and reconstruction efforts, the U.S. Geological Survey will collaborate with the China Geological Survey to transfer methods and technology to produce probabilistic landslide hazard maps for hazardous areas in Sichuan Province.

Space microgravity drives transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis to adipogenesis.

PubMed

Zhang, Cui; Li, Liang; Jiang, Yuanda; Wang, Cuicui; Geng, Baoming; Wang, Yanqiu; Chen, Jianling; Liu, Fei; Qiu, Peng; Zhai, Guangjie; Chen, Ping; Quan, Renfu; Wang, Jinfu

2018-03-13

decreased the expression of Tribbles homolog 3 ( TRIB3), a repressor of adipogenic differentiation. Y15, a specific inhibitor of FAK activity, was used to inhibit the activity of FAK under normal gravity; Y15 decreased protein expression of TRIB3. Therefore, it appears that space microgravity decreased FAK activity and thereby reduced TRIB3 expression and derepressed AKT activity. Under space microgravity, the increase in p38 MAPK activity and the derepression of AKT activity seem to synchronously lead to the activation of the signaling pathway specifically promoting adipogenesis.-Zhang, C., Li, L., Jiang, Y., Wang, C., Geng, B., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Liu, F., Qiu, P., Zhai, G., Chen, P., Quan, R., Wang, J. Space microgravity drives transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis to adipogenesis.

Did volcanic activity of the Emeishan large igneous province expand in Wuchiapingian times?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagherpour, Borhan; Bucher, Hugo; Yuan, Dong-Xun; Shen, Shu-zhong; Leu, Marc; Zhang, Chao

2017-04-01

first drowning event has been related to subsidence phase prior to the ELIP volcanism (e.g. Sun et al., 2010). The strikingly similar architecture of the Pingtang event with that of earlier Capitanian examples suggests a similar driving mechanism for these three phases of drowning/eruptive events. These results open up the possibility that ELIP volcanism extended into early Wuchiapingian times and further tests are currently under way. -Sun, Y., Lai, X., Wignall, P.B., Widdowson, M., Ali, J.R., Jiang, H., Wang, W., Yan, C., Bond, D.P.G., Védrine, S., 2010. Dating the onset and nature of the Middle Permian Emeishan large igneous province eruptions in SW China using conodont biostratigraphy and its bearing on mantle plume uplift models. Lithos 119, 20-33.

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

PubMed Central

Staufer, Oskar; Weber, Sebastian; Bengtson, C Peter; Bading, Hilmar; Spatz, Joachim P

2016-01-01

Summary The functional fusion of “living” biomaterial (such as cells) with synthetic systems has developed into a principal ambition for various scientific disciplines. In particular, emerging fields such as bionics and nanomedicine integrate advanced nanomaterials with biomolecules, cells and organisms in order to develop novel strategies for applications, including energy production or real-time diagnostics utilizing biomolecular machineries “perfected” during billion years of evolution. To date, hardware–wetware interfaces that sample or modulate bioelectric potentials, such as neuroprostheses or implantable energy harvesters, are mostly based on microelectrodes brought into the closest possible contact with the targeted cells. Recently, the possibility of using electrochemical gradients of the inner ear for technical applications was demonstrated using implanted electrodes, where 1.12 nW of electrical power was harvested from the guinea pig endocochlear potential for up to 5 h (Mercier, P.; Lysaght, A.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Chandrakasan, A.; Stankovic, K. Nat. Biotech. 2012, 30, 1240–1243). More recent approaches employ nanowires (NWs) able to penetrate the cellular membrane and to record extra- and intracellular electrical signals, in some cases with subcellular resolution (Spira, M.; Hai, A. Nat. Nano. 2013, 8, 83–94). Such techniques include nanoelectric scaffolds containing free-standing silicon NWs (Robinson, J. T.; Jorgolli, M.; Shalek, A. K.; Yoon, M. H.; Gertner, R. S.; Park, H. Nat Nanotechnol. 2012, 10, 180–184) or NW field-effect transistors (Qing, Q.; Jiang, Z.; Xu, L.; Gao, R.; Mai, L.; Lieber, C. Nat. Nano. 2013, 9, 142–147), vertically aligned gallium phosphide NWs (Hällström, W.; Mårtensson, T.; Prinz, C.; Gustavsson, P.; Montelius, L.; Samuelson, L.; Kanje, M. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2960–2965) or individually contacted, electrically active carbon nanofibers. The latter of these approaches is capable of recording electrical

Aspects of cuticular sclerotization in the locust, Scistocerca gregaria, and the beetle, Tenebrio molitor.

PubMed

Andersen, Svend Olav; Roepstorff, Peter

2007-03-01

of catechol-histidine adducts from insect cuticle. Analytical Biochemistry 268, 229-237; Kramer, K.J., Kanost, M.R., Hopkins, T.L., Jiang, H., Zhu, Y.C., Xu, R., Kerwin, J.L., Turecek, F., 2001. Oxidative conjugation of catechols with proteins in insect skeletal systems. Tetrahedron 57, 385-392], but the lysine-dihydroxyacetophenone compound and the histidine-DOPALD adduct have not been reported before. It is suggested that the compounds are derived from NADA and NBAD residues which were incorporated into the cuticle during sclerotization, and that the lysine-dihydroxyacetophenone as well as the DOPET and DOPALD containing adducts are degradation products derived from cross-links between the cuticular proteins, whereas the dopamine-containing adducts are derived from a non-crosslinking reaction product.

Surface nanobubbles and micropancakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seddon, James R. T.

2013-05-01

, Ziaul Haque Ansari and Jianguo Mi The effect of PeakForce tapping mode AFM imaging on the apparent shape of surface nanobubblesWiktoria Walczyk, Peter M Schön and Holger Schönherr Coarse-grained modelling of surface nanobubblesPatrick Grosfils Understanding the stability of surface nanobubblesShuo Wang, Minghuan Liu and Yaming Dong Hydrogen nanobubble at normal hydrogen electrodeS Nakabayashi, R Shinozaki, Y Senda and H Y Yoshikawa Particle tracking around surface nanobubblesErik Dietrich, Harold J W Zandvliet, Detlef Lohse and James R T Seddon Imaging surface nanobubbles at graphite--water interfaces with different atomic force microscopy modesChih-Wen Yang, Yi-Hsien Lu and Ing-Shouh Hwang

Assessing the impacts of climate change in Mediterranean catchments under conditions of data scarcity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Swen; Ludwig, Ralf

2013-04-01

model setup. The soil parameterization of the model was tested against publically available soil data. Results show a significant improvement of modeled soil moisture outputs. To validate WaSiMs evapotranspiration (ETact) outputs, Landsat TM images were used to calculate the actual monthly mean ETact rates using the triangle method (Jiang and Islam, 1999). Simulated spatial ETact patterns and those derived from remote sensing show a good fit especially for the growing season. WaSiM was driven with the meteorological forcing taken from 4 different ENSEMBLES climate projections for a reference (1971-2000) and a future (2041-2070) times series. Output results were analyzed for climate induced changes on selected hydrological variables. While the climate projections reveal increased precipitation rates in the spring season, first simulation results show an earlier onset and an increased duration of the dry season, imposing an increased irrigation demand and higher vulnerability of agricultural productivity.

Deep UV LEDs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jung; Amano, Hiroshi; Schowalter, Leo

2014-06-01

article by Jiang et al on using BN for UV devices; potentially as a p-type wide band gap semiconductor contact. Finally, an in-depth discussion of one DUV application in defense, the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, is given by Drost and Sadler. Overall, we believe that this special issue of Semiconductor Science and Technology provides a useful overview of the state-of-art in the field on DUV materials and devices. In view of the rapidly growing interest in this field, the demonstrated enhanced device performance, and the wide range of applications, this special issue can be considered a very timely contribution. Finally, we would like to thank the IOP editorial staff, in particular Alice Malhador, for their support and also like to thank all contributors for their efforts to make this special issue possible.

Modelling challenges for battery materials and electrical energy storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muller, Richard P.; Schultz, Peter A.

2013-10-01

-throughput methods allow rapid screening of promising new candidates for battery materials, illustrated for Li-ion olivine phosphates by Hajiyani et al . This collection includes descriptions of new techniques to model the chemistry at an electrode-electrolyte interface; Gunceler et al demonstrate coupling an electronic description of the electrode chemistry with the fluid electrolyte in a joint density functional theory method. Bridging to longer length scales to probe mechanical properties and transport, Preiss et al present a proof-of-concept phase field approach for a permeation model at an electrochemical interface, An and Jiang examine finite element simulations for transient deformation and transport in electrodes, and Haftabaradaran et al study the application of an analytical model to investigate the critical thickness for fracture in thick film electrodes. The focus section concludes with a study by Chung et al which combines modelling and experiment, examining the validity of the Bruggeman relation for porous electrodes. All of the papers were peer-reviewed following the standard procedure established by the Editorial Board of Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering .

Mutational analysis of the active site flap (20s loop) of mandelate racemase.

PubMed

Bourque, Jennifer R; Bearne, Stephen L

2008-01-15

Mandelate racemase from Pseudomonas putida catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent 1,1-proton transfer that interconverts the enantiomers of mandelate. Residues of the 20s and 50s loops determine, in part, the topology and polarity of the active site and hence the substrate specificity. Previously, we proposed that, during racemization, the phenyl ring of mandelate moves between an S-pocket comprised of residues from the 50s loop and an R-pocket comprised of residues from the 20s loop [Siddiqi, F., Bourque, J. R., Jiang, H., Gardner, M., St. Maurice, M., Blouin, C., and Bearne, S. L. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 9013-9021]. The 20s loop constitutes a mobile beta-meander flap that covers the active site cavity shielding it from solvent and controlling entry and egress of ligands. To understand the role of the 20s loop in catalysis and substrate specificity, we constructed a series of mutants (V22A, V22I, V22F, T24S, A25V, V26A, V26L, V26F, V29A, V29L, V29F, V26A/V29L, and V22I/V29L) in which the sizes of hydrophobic side chains of the loop residues were varied. Catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) for all mutants were reduced between 6- and 40-fold with the exception of those of V22I, V26A, V29L, and V22I/V29L which had near wild-type efficiencies with mandelate. Thr 24 and Ala 25, located at the tip of the 20s loop, were particularly sensitive to minor alterations in the size of their hydrophobic side chains; however, most mutations were tolerated quite well, suggesting that flap mobility could compensate for increases in the steric bulk of hydrophobic side chains. With the exception of V29L, with mandelate as the substrate, and V22F and V26A/V29L, with 2-naphthylglycolate (2-NG) as the substrate, the values of kcat and Km were not altered in a manner consistent with steric obstruction of the R-pocket, perhaps due to flap mobility compensating for the increased size of the hydrophobic side chains. Surprisingly, V22I and V29L catalyzed the racemization of the bulkier substrate 2-NG

Assessing the impacts of climate change in Mediterranean catchments under conditions of data scarcity - The Gaza case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gampe, David; Ludwig, Ralf

2013-04-01

different ENSEMBLES climate projections for a reference (1971-2000) and a future (2041-2070) times series. State of the art remote sensing techniques and field measuring techniques were applied to improve the quality of hydrological input parameters. For the parameterization of the vegetation the Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a crucial component. However, the LAI is difficult to access at field scale, hence a simple remote sensing approach, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and MODIS LAI information, was applied for the parameterization in WaSiM. As no permanent streams, hence no discharge measurements, exist in the Gaza Strip, the actual evapotranspiration (ETact) outputs of the model were used for model validation. Landsat TM images were applied to calculate the actual monthly mean ETact rates using the triangle method (Jiang and Islam, 1999). Simulated spatial ETact patterns and those derived from remote sensing show a good fit especially for the growing season.

Mobile Device Accuracy for Step Counting Across Age Groups.

PubMed

Modave, François; Guo, Yi; Bian, Jiang; Gurka, Matthew J; Parish, Alice; Smith, Megan D; Lee, Alexandra M; Buford, Thomas W

2017-06-28

ranging from 65-84 years. Our analysis shows that apart from the Fitbit Surge, most of the recent mobile devices we tested do not overcount or undercount steps in the 18-39-year-old age group, however some devices undercount steps in older age groups. This finding suggests that accuracy in step counting may be an issue with some popular wearable devices, and that age may be a factor in undercounting. These results are particularly important for clinical interventions using such devices and other activity trackers, in particular to balance energy requirements with energy expenditure in the context of a weight loss intervention program. ©François Modave, Yi Guo, Jiang Bian, Matthew J Gurka, Alice Parish, Megan D Smith, Alexandra M Lee, Thomas W Buford. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 28.06.2017.

Success! Detailed Pre-event Analysis Identified the Slip Area and Magnitude of the Sept. 2012 MW 7.6 Nicoya Earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newman, A. V.; Protti, M.; Gonzalez, V. M.; Dixon, T. H.; Schwartz, S. Y.; Feng, L.; Peng, Z.; Marshall, J.; Malservisi, R.; Owen, S. E.

2013-05-01

On September 5th, 2012 a moment magnitude (MW) 7.6 earthquake struck the seismogenic megathrust of Nicoya Costa Rica. Though, we knew not precisely when, this event was not unexpected, and occurred after the development of substantial pre-event scientific discovery and earthquake infrastructural development. Beginning in the late- 1990's Nicoya Costa Rica was recognized by the U.S. National Science Foundation -MARGINS program as a focus area for seismogenic zone studies in part because of the unique proximity of land to the active subduction megathrust. The region also has very fast convergence (~9 cm/a) and has suffered from regular M7+ earthquakes in 1853, 1900 and 1950. Another similar event was expected by many. Pre-event analysis identified the structure of the subduction interface [Newman et al., GRL, 2002; DeShon et al., GJI, 2006], the location and rate changes of ongoing microseismicity [Newman et al., GRL, 2002, Ghosh et al.,GRL, 2008], the location and degree of locking that developed during the late interseismic [Norabuena et al., JGR, 2006; Feng et al., JGR, 2012], and its relation to ongoing low-frequency earthquakes, subduction tremor, and episodic slip events [Walter et al., GRL, 2011; Outerbridge et al., JGR, 2010, Jiang et al., G3, 2012]. Feng et al., [2012] using campaign and continuous GPS data through 2012, identified complex locked 50x50 km patch along the central coast of Nicoya, the locale that failed in Sept 2012, and concluded that the region had the potential to fail in an MW 7.8 event should the most recent locking be representative of behavior since the last major event in 1950. In operation at the time of the event was a substantial NSF-funded continuous GPS (17 station) and seismic (18 station) network maintained by USF, UCSC, and GIT, in cooperation with OVSICORI. The seismic network captured the initial motions of the mainshock before clipping, as well as pre-shock and aftershock activity [Walter et al., (this meeting), 2013]. The

Changes in redox properties of humic acids upon sorption to alumina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Subdiaga, Edisson; Orsetti, Silvia; Jindal, Sharmishta; Haderlein, Stefan B.

2016-04-01

properties upon sorption. Considering the total electron exchange capacities, significant changes were found mainly at higher amounts of sorbed PPHA and SRHA. 4. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest a change in the redox properties of sorbed HA but not for the dissolved fraction. The sorbed fraction showed a higher redox capacity than the stock samples. Given the absence of redox transfer between the HA and the redox inert aluminum oxide, such changes might be due to conformational changes in the humic substances. 5. References [1] Scott D., Mcknight, D., Blunt-Harris, E., Kolesar, S., Lovley, A. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 2984-2989. [2] Dunnivant, F. Schwarzenbach, R., Macalady, D. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26(11), 2133-2141. [3] Jiang, J. & Kappler, A. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42(10), 3562-3569. [4] Aeschbacher, M., Sander M., Schwarzenbach, R. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44(1), 87-93.

Combined effects of tectonic and landslide-generated Tsunami Runup at Seward, Alaska during the Mw 9.2 1964 earthquake

USGS Publications Warehouse

Suleimani, E.; Nicolsky, D.J.; Haeussler, Peter J.; Hansen, R.

2011-01-01

We apply a recently developed and validated numerical model of tsunami propagation and runup to study the inundation of Resurrection Bay and the town of Seward by the 1964 Alaska tsunami. Seward was hit by both tectonic and landslide-generated tsunami waves during the Mw 9.2 1964 mega thrust earthquake. The earthquake triggered a series of submarine mass failures around the fjord, which resulted in land sliding of part of the coastline into the water, along with the loss of the port facilities. These submarine mass failures generated local waves in the bay within 5 min of the beginning of strong ground motion. Recent studies estimate the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay to be about 211 million m3 (Haeussler et al. in Submarine mass movements and their consequences, pp 269-278, 2007). The first tectonic tsunami wave arrived in Resurrection Bay about 30 min after the main shock and was about the same height as the local landslide-generated waves. Our previous numerical study, which focused only on the local land slide generated waves in Resurrection Bay, demonstrated that they were produced by a number of different slope failures, and estimated relative contributions of different submarine slide complexes into tsunami amplitudes (Suleimani et al. in Pure Appl Geophys 166:131-152, 2009). This work extends the previous study by calculating tsunami inundation in Resurrection Bay caused by the combined impact of landslide-generated waves and the tectonic tsunami, and comparing the composite inundation area with observations. To simulate landslide tsunami runup in Seward, we use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (J Phys Oceanogr 24(3):559-572, 1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations. The input data set includes a high resolution multibeam bathymetry and LIDAR topography grid of Resurrection Bay, and an initial thickness of slide material based on pre- and post-earthquake bathymetry difference maps. For

Climate regime shifts in paleoclimate time series from the Yucatán Peninsula: from the Preclassic to Classic period

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polanco Martínez, Josue M.; Medina-Elizalde, Martin; Burns, Stephen J.; Jiang, Xiuyang; Shen, Chuan-Chou

2015-04-01

in precipitation. Science, 335(6071), 956-959. [6] Medina-Elizalde, M., Burns, S. J., Lea, D. W., Asmerom, Y., von Gunten, L., Polyak, V., Vuille, M., Karmalkar, A., 2010. High resolution stalagmite climate record from the Yucatán Peninsula spanning the Maya terminal classic period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 298(1), 255-262. [7] Medina-Elizalde, M., Burns, S. J, Jiang, X., Shen, C. C., Lases-Hernandez, F., Polanco-Martinez, J.M., High-resolution stalagmite record from the Yucatan Peninsula spanning the Preclassic period, work in progress to be submitted to the Global Planetary Change (by invitation). [8] Zeileis, A., Leisch, F., Hornik, K., Kleiber, C., 2002. strucchange: An R Package for Testing for Structural Change in Linear Regression Models. Journal of statistical software, 7(2), 1-38. [9] Mudelsee, M. (2000). Ramp function regression: a tool for quantifying climate transitions. Computers & Geosciences, 26(3), 293-307.

Tides and deltaic morphodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plink-Bjorklund, Piret

2016-04-01

Tide-dominated and tide-influenced deltas are not widely recognized in the ancient record, despite the numerous modern and Holocene examples, including eight of the twelve modern largest deltas in the world, like the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Amazon, Chang Jiang, and Irrawadi. Furthermore, tide-dominated or tide-influenced deltas are suggested to be more common in inner-shelf or embayment settings rather than close to or at a shelf edge, primarily because wave energy is expected to be higher and tidal energy lower in outer shelf and shelf-edge areas. Thus, most shelf-edge deltas are suggested to be fluvial or wave dominated. However, there are ancient examples of tide-influenced shelf-edge deltas, indicating that the controls on tidal morphodynamics in deltas are not yet well understood. This paper asks the following questions: (1) How do tides influence delta deposition, beyond creating recognizable tidal facies? (2) Does tidal reworking create specific geometries in delta clinoforms? (3) Does tidal reworking change progradation rates of deltas? (4) Is significant tidal reworking of deltas restricted to inner-shelf deltas only? (5) What are the conditions at which deltas may be tidally influenced or tide-dominated in outer-shelf areas or at the shelf edge? (6) What are the main morphodynamic controls on the degree of tidal reworking of deltas? The paper utilizes a dataset of multiple ancient and modern deltas, situated both on the shelf and shelf edge. We show that beyond the commonly recognized shore-perpendicular morphological features and the recognizable tidal facies, the main effects of tidal reworking of deltas are associated with delta clinoform morphology, morphodynamics of delta lobe switching, delta front progradation rates, and the nature of the delta plain. Strong tidal influence is here documented to promote subaqueous, rapid progradation of deltas, by efficiently removing sediment from river mouth and thus reducing mouth bar aggradation and fluvial delta

Mid-lithospheric discontinuity and its roles in the dynamic evolution of the craton-example from the North China Craton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ling; Wei, Zigen; Jiang, Mingming; Ling, Yuan

2016-04-01

Mid-lithospheric discontinuity and its roles in the dynamic evolution of the craton - example from the North China Craton Ling Chen1,2, Zigen Wei3, Mingming Jiang1, Yuan Ling1 1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing100101, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China Detailed knowledge of lithospheric structure is essential for understanding the long-term evolution and dynamics of continents. We present an integrated lithospheric structural image along an E-W profile across the North China Craton (NCC) derived from the teleseismic data recorded at two dense seismic arrays in combination with other geophysical and geological observations. Our S- and P-receiver function images show substantial undulations of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), from 60-100 km in the eastern NCC to ~160-200 km in the central-western NCC, and <150-km in the Qilian orogenic belt further to the west, accompanying marked lithospheric structural variations. This agrees with previous studies that suggest the occurrence of fundamental destruction in the eastern NCC but localized lithospheric thinning and modifications in the central-western NCC. A negative velocity discontinuity is identified at the depth of ~80-100 km within the thick lithosphere of the central-western NCC, spatially coincident with the top interface of a relatively low velocity layer in the overall high velocity mantle root imaged by surface wave tomography. Detailed data analyses show that this mid- or intra-lithospheric discontinuity has considerably larger S-to-P and P-to-S conversion amplitudes than the LAB below, which provides observational constraints to further decipher the origin of the discontinuity. Our imaging results corroborate

Data Synthesis and Data Assimilation at Global Change Experiments and Fluxnet Toward Improving Land Process Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Yiqi

, biomes, and models. This framework has been successfully implemented by several global land models, such as CABLE (Xia et al., 2013), LPJ-GUESS (Ahlström et al., 2015), CLM (Hararuk et al., 2014; Huang et al., 2017, submitted; Shi et al., 2017, submitted), and ORCHIDEE (Huang et al., 2017, unpublished). Moreover, we have identified the theoretical foundation of the determinants of transient C storage dynamics by adding another term, C storage potential, to the steady-state traceability framework (Luo et al., 2017). The theoretical foundation of transient C storage dynamics has been applied to develop a transient traceability framework to explore the traceable components of transient C storage dynamics responded to the rising CO 2 and climate change in the two contrasting ecosystem types Duke needleleaved forest and Harvard deciduous broadleaved forest (Jiang et al., 2017, in revision). Overall, with the data synthesis, data assimilation techniques, and the steady-state and transient traceability frameworks, we have greatly improved land process models for predicting responses and feedback of terrestrial C dynamics to global change. The matrix approaches has the potential to be applied in theoretical research on nitrogen and phosphorus cycle, and therefore, the coupling of carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus.« less

Development and Testing of an Intelligent Pain Management System (IPMS) on Mobile Phones Through a Randomized Trial Among Chinese Cancer Patients: A New Approach in Cancer Pain Management.

PubMed

Sun, Yunheng; Jiang, Feng; Gu, Juan J; Wang, Y Ken; Hua, Hongwei; Li, Jing; Cheng, Zhijun; Liao, Zhijun; Huang, Qian; Hu, Weiwei; Ding, Gang

2017-07-25

they used IMPS. Both groups reported similar pain scores and KPS scores at the baseline. At the end of the trial, the mean pain score of the trial group was significantly lower than of the control group (P<.001). The ending KPS score of the trial group was significantly higher than of the control group (P<.001). The improvement of pain management knowledge score in the trial group was more pronounced than that in the control group (P<.001). This study provided preliminary data to support the potentials of using IPMS in cancer pain communication between patients and doctors and to provide real-time supportive intervention on a convenient basis at a low cost. Overall, the IPMS can serve as a reliable and effective approach to control cancer pain and improve quality of life for patients with cancer pain. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02765269; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02765269 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6rnwsgDgv). ©Yunheng Sun, Feng Jiang, Juan J Gu, Y Ken Wang, Hongwei Hua, Jing Li, Zhijun Cheng, Zhijun Liao, Qian Huang, Weiwei Hu, Gang Ding. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 25.07.2017.

Web-Based Just-in-Time Information and Feedback on Antibiotic Use for Village Doctors in Rural Anhui, China: Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Shen, XingRong; Lu, Manman; Feng, Rui; Cheng, Jing; Chai, Jing; Xie, Maomao; Dong, Xuemeng; Jiang, Tao; Wang, Debin

2018-02-14

/532) and 23.5% (125/352), respectively, at baseline and 80.8% (417/532) and 19.2% (99/532) at endpoint. JITIF resulted in substantial improvement in delivery of essential service procedures (2.6%-24.8% at baseline on both arms and at endpoint on the control arm vs 88.5%-95.0% at endpoint on the intervention arm, P<.001), beliefs favoring rational antibiotics use (11.5%-39.8% at baseline on both arms and at endpoint on the control arm vs 19.8%-62.6% at endpoint on the intervention arm, P<.001) and knowledge about side effects of antibiotics (35.7% on the control arm vs 73.7% on the intervention arm, P<.001), measures for managing or preventing RTIs (39.1% vs 66.7%, P=.02), and measures for managing or preventing GTIs (46.8% vs 69.2%, P<.001). It also reduced antibiotics prescription (from 88.8%-62.3%, P<.001), and this decrease was consistent for RTIs (87.1% vs 64.3%, P<.001) and GTIs (94.7% vs 52.4%, P<.001). JITIF is effective in controlling antibiotics prescription at least in the short term and may provide a low-cost and sustainable solution to the widespread excessive use of antibiotics in rural China. ©XingRong Shen, Manman Lu, Rui Feng, Jing Cheng, Jing Chai, Maomao Xie, Xuemeng Dong, Tao Jiang, Debin Wang. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 14.02.2018.

Using Social Media Data to Understand the Impact of Promotional Information on Laypeople's Discussions: A Case Study of Lynch Syndrome.

PubMed

Bian, Jiang; Zhao, Yunpeng; Salloum, Ramzi G; Guo, Yi; Wang, Mo; Prosperi, Mattia; Zhang, Hansi; Du, Xinsong; Ramirez-Diaz, Laura J; He, Zhe; Sun, Yuan

2017-12-13

.57% (2704/14,564) were classified as laypeople's discussions. The most discussed themes were treatment (n=4080) and genetic testing (n=3073). We found that the topic distributions in laypeople's discussions were similar to the distributions in promotional Lynch syndrome-related information. Furthermore, most people had a positive attitude when discussing Lynch syndrome. The proportion of negative tweets was 3.51%. Within each topic, treatment (16.67%) and genetic testing (5.60%) had more negative tweets compared with other topics. When comparing monthly trends, laypeople's discussions had a strong correlation with promotional Lynch syndrome-related information on awareness (r=.98, P<.001), while there were moderate correlations on screening (r=.602, P=.05), genetic testing (r=.624, P=.04), treatment (r=.69, P=.02), and risk (r=.66, P=.03). We also discovered that the Colon Cancer Awareness Month (March 2017) and the Lynch Syndrome Awareness Day (March 22, 2017) had significant positive impacts on laypeople's discussions and their attitudes. There is evidence that participative social media platforms, namely Twitter, offer unique opportunities to inform cancer communication surveillance and to explore the mechanisms by which these new communication media affect individual health behavior and population health. ©Jiang Bian, Yunpeng Zhao, Ramzi G Salloum, Yi Guo, Mo Wang, Mattia Prosperi, Hansi Zhang, Xinsong Du, Laura J Ramirez-Diaz, Zhe He, Yuan Sun. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 13.12.2017.

The chronology of the India-Asia collision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garzanti, Eduardo; Hu, Xiumian

2016-04-01

volcaniclastic to ophioliticlastic fluvio-deltaic sediments derived from the uplifting Asian margin (Najman et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2012). Tethys Himalayan successions were finally involved in tectonic deformation and very low-grade metamorphism around Lutetian times (47-44 Ma; Garzanti and Brignoli, 1989; Bonhomme and Garzanti, 1991). CITED REFERENCES Bonhomme M., Garzanti E. 1991. Geologic Alpine Memoirs 16:15-16. DeCelles P.G., Kapp P., Gehrels G.E., Ding L. 2014. Tectonics 33:824-849. Garzanti E., Baud A., Mascle G. 1987. Geodinamica Acta 1:297-312. Garzanti E., Brignoli G. 1989. Eclogae). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 82:669-684. Garzanti E, Hu X. 2015. Gondwana Research 28:165-178. Hu X., Sinclair H.D., Wang J., Jiang H., Wu F. 2012. Basin Research 24:520-543. Hu X., Garzanti E., Moore T., Raffi I. 2015. Geology 43:859-862. Li J., Hu X., Garzanti E., An W. Wang J. 2015. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 104:39-54. Najman, Y., Appel, E., Boudagher-Fadel, M., Bown, P., Carter, A. et al. 2010. Journal of Geophysical Research 115:B12416 doi:10.1029/2010JB007673. Wu F.Y., Ji W.Q., Wang J.G., Liu C.Z., Chung S.L., Clift P.D. 2014. American Journal of Science 314:548-579.

Modelling droplet collision outcomes for different substances and viscosities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sommerfeld, Martin; Kuschel, Matthias

2016-12-01

displacement could be described on a physical basis using the similarity number and structure parameter K which was obtained through flow process evaluation and optimal proportioning of momentum and energy by Naue and Bärwolff (Transportprozesse in Fluiden. Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie GmbH, Leipzig 1992). Two correlations including the structure parameter K could be derived which describe the location of the triple point and the critical We number. All fluids considered, pure liquids and solutions, are very well fitted by these physically based correlations. The boundary model of Jiang et al. (J Fluid Mech 234:171-190, 1992) for distinguishing between coalescence and stretching separation could be adapted to go through the triple point by the two involved model parameters C a and C b, which were correlated with the relaxation velocity u_{{relax}} = {σ/μ}. Based on the predicted critical Weber number, denoting the onset of reflexive separation, the model of Ashgriz and Poo (J Fluid Mech 221:183-204, 1990) was adapted accordingly. The proper performance of the new generalised models was validated based on the present and previous measurements for a wide range of dynamic viscosities (i.e. 1-60 mPa s) and liquid properties. Although the model for the lower boundary of bouncing (Estrade et al. in J Heat Fluid Flow 20:486-491, 1999) could be adapted through the shape factor, it was found not suitable for the entire range of Weber numbers and viscosities.

The scaling law of climate change and its relevance to assessing (palaeo)biological responses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiessling, Wolfgang; Eichenseer, Kilian

2014-05-01

interglacials, are not monotonic, but punctuated by short-term cooling intervals. The fossil record tells us that biodiversity responded dramatically to ancient intervals of climate warming. We can now see that the apparently slower rates of change in some mass extinctions (Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic) were greater than today when the scaling law is considered. This reassures us that studying deep time patterns of organismic response to climate change is a worthwhile endeavor that is relevant for predicting the future. References Burrows, M. T., Schoeman, D. S., Buckley, L. B., Moore, P., Poloczanska, E. S., Brander, K. M., Brown, C., Bruno, J. F., Duarte, C. M., Halpern, B. S., Holding, J., Kappel, C. V., Kiessling, W., O'Connor, M. I., Pandolfi, J. M., Parmesan, C., Schwing, F. B., Sydeman, W. J., and Richardson, A. J.: The pace of shifting climate in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, Science, 334, 652-655, 2011. Gingerich, P. D.: Quantification and comparison of evolutionary rates, American Journal of Science, 293A, 453-478, 1993. Sadler, P. M.: Sediment accumulation rates and the completeness of stratigraphic sections, Journal of Geology, 89, 569-584, 1981. Sun, Y., Joachimski, M. M., Wignall, P. B., Yan, C., Chen, Y., Jiang, H., Wang, L., and Lai, X.: Lethally hot temperatures during the Early Triassic greenhouse, Science, 338, 366-370, 2012.

Opposed-Flow Flame Spread over Thin Solid Fuels in a Narrow Channel under Different Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xia; Yu, Yong; Wan, Shixin; Wei, Minggang; Hu, Wen-Rui

microgravity. This showed that the horizontal narrow channel can restrict natural convection effectively. In the vertical narrow channel, flame spread became slower as the forced gas flow speed increased. In low speed gas flows, flame spread was not near quench limit. Instead, the spread rate got its maximum value. This was entirely different from the result of microgravity and showed that the vertical narrow channel can not restrict natural convection. For the horizontal narrow channel, when the channel height lowered to 1 cm (The Grashof number was 149 using the half height as a characteristic length), the natural convection was restricted. For vertical narrow channel, a lower height was needed to restrict natural convection. References 1. NASA Technical Standard, "Flammability, Odor, Offgassing, and Compatibility Require-ments and Test Procedures for Materials in Environments That Support Combustion", NASA STD-6001, 1998. 2. Ivanov, A. V., Balashov, Ye. V., Andreeva, T. V., and et al., "Experimental Verification of Material Flammability in Space", NASA CR-1999-209405, 1999. 3. Melikhov, A. S., Bolodyan, I. A., Potyakin, V. I., and et al., "The study of polymer material combustion in simulated microgravity by physical modeling method", In: Sacksteder K, ed, "Fifth Int Microgravity Comb Workshop", NASA CP-1999-208917, 1999, 361. 4. T'ien, J. S., Shih, H.-Y., Jiang, C.-B., and et al., "Mechanisms of flame spread and smol-der wave propagation", In: Ross, H. D., ed, "Microgravity Combustion: Fire in Free Fall", Academic Press, 2001. 299. 5. Olson, S. L., Comb Sci Tech, 76, 233, 1991.

Development of a Whole Slide Imaging System on Smartphones and Evaluation With Frozen Section Samples.

PubMed

Yu, Hong; Gao, Feng; Jiang, Liren; Ma, Shuoxin

2017-09-15

public. The image quality is reliable and throughput is approximately 1 FoV per second, yielding a 15-by-15 mm slide under 20X object lens in approximately 30-35 minutes, with little training required for the operator. The expected cost for setup is approximately US $100 and scanning each slide costs between US $1 and $10, making sWSI highly cost-effective for infrequent or low-throughput usage. In the clinical evaluation of sample-wise diagnostic reliability, average accuracy scores achieved by sWSI-scan-based diagnoses were as follows: 0.78 for breast, 0.88 for uterine corpus, 0.68 for thyroid, and 0.50 for lung samples. The respective low-sensitivity rates were 0.05, 0.05, 0.13, and 0.25 while the respective low-specificity rates were 0.18, 0.08, 0.20, and 0.25. The participating pathologists agreed that the overall quality of sWSI was generally on par with that produced by high-end scanners, and did not affect diagnosis in most cases. Pathologists confirmed that sWSI is reliable enough for standard diagnoses of most tissue categories, while it can be used for quick screening of difficult cases. As an ultra-low-cost alternative to whole slide scanners, diagnosis-ready VS quality and robustness for commercial usage is achieved in the sWSI solution. Operated on main-stream smartphones installed on normal optical microscopes, sWSI readily offers affordable and reliable WSI to resource-limited or infrequent clinical users. ©Hong Yu, Feng Gao, Liren Jiang, Shuoxin Ma. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 15.09.2017.

Biogenetically-Inspired Total Synthesis of Epidithiodiketopiperazines and Related Alkaloids

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

the past decade, an increasing number of studies have uncovered powerful new biological processes that these molecules can uniquely effect, such as the inhibition of histone methyltransferases by chaetocin A (GreinerD. et al. Nat. Chem. Biol.2005, 1, 14316408017). In fact, the complete collection of hexahydropyrroloindoline alkaloids features a diverse range of potent biological properties including cytotoxic, antitumor, antileukemic, antiviral, antibiotic, and antinematodal activities (JiangC.-S.; GuoY.-W.Mini-Rev. Med. Chem.2011, 11, 72821651467). This mélange of activities is reflective of their structural diversity. Under the precepts of retrobiosynthetic analysis, we have accomplished the syntheses of more than a dozen natural products, including members of the bionectin, calycanthaceous, chaetocin, gliocladin, naseseazine, and verticillin alkaloids. More importantly, these molecules have acted as venerable venues for the development of new strategies to address structural challenges including, but not limited to, C3–C3′ vicinal quaternary centers, heterodimeric linkages, C3–Csp2 linkages, diketopiperazine oxidation, stereoselective thiolation, homologue-specific polysulfidation, and C12-hydroxyl incorporation. Synthesis of these natural products has resulted in the structural confirmation, and sometimes revision such as the case of (+)-naseseazines A and B, as well as access to many plausible biogenetically relevant intermediates and new synthetic ETP derivatives. Furthermore, our studies have paved the way for the formulation of a comprehensive SAR profile and the identification of lead compounds with in vitro subnanomolar IC50’s against a broad range of cancer types. PMID:25843276

Direct numerical simulation of shockwave and turbulent boundary layer interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Minwei

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a shockwave/turbulent boundary layer interaction (STBLI) at Mach number 3 and Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness of 2300 are performed. A 4th-order accurate, bandwidth-optimized weighted-essentially-non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is used and the method is found to be too dissipative for the STBLI simulation due to the over-adaptation properties of this original WENO scheme. In turn, a relative limiter is introduced to mitigate the problem. Tests on the Shu-Osher problem show that the modified WENO scheme decreases the numerical dissipation significantly. By utilizing a combination of the relative limiter and the absolute limiter described by Jiang & Shu [32], the DNS results are improved further. The DNS data agree well with the reference experiments of Bookey et al. [10] in the size of the separation bubble, the separation and reattachment point, the mean wall-pressure distribution, and the velocity profiles both upstream and downstream of the interaction region. The DNS data show that velocity profiles change dramatically along the streamwise direction. Downstream of the interaction, the velocity profiles show a characteristic "dip" in the logarithmic region, as shown by the experiments of Smits & Muck [66] at much higher Reynolds number. In the separation region, the velocity profiles are found to resemble those of a laminar flow, yet the flow does not fully relaminarize. The mass-flux turbulence intensity is amplified by a factor of about 5 throughout the interaction, which is consistent with that found in higher Reynolds experiments of Selig et al. [52]. All Reynolds stress components are greatly amplified by the interaction. Assuming that the ow is still two dimensional downstream of the interaction, the components rhou'u', rhov'v', rho w'w', and rho u'w' are amplified by factors of 6, 6, 12, and 24, respectively, where u is the streamwise and w is the wall-normal velocity. However, analyses of the turbulence

A THz plasmonics perfect absorber and Fabry-Perot cavity mechanism (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Jiangfeng; Bhattarai, Khagendra; Silva, Sinhara; Jeon, Jiyeon; Kim, Junoh; Lee, Sang Jun; Ku, Zahyun

2016-10-01

Light Modulator for THz Applications," Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 2, pp. 275-279, 2014. [7] H. Tao, N. I. Landy, C. M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla, "A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization," Optics Express, vol. 16, pp. 7181-7188, May 12 2008. [8] J. Hao, J. Wang, X. Liu, W. J. Padilla, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu, "High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 96, p. 251104, 2010. [9] X. Liu, T. Tyler, T. Starr, A. F. Starr, N. M. Jokerst, and W. J. Padilla, "Taming the Blackbody with Infrared Metamaterials as Selective Thermal Emitters," Physical Review Letters, vol. 107, p. 045901, 07/18/ 2011. [10] T. Maier and H. Brückl, "Wavelength-tunable microbolometers with metamaterial absorbers," Optics Letters, vol. 34, pp. 3012-3014, 2009/10/01 2009. [11] A. Tittl, P. Mai, R. Taubert, D. Dregely, N. Liu, and H. Giessen, "Palladium-Based Plasmonic Perfect Absorber in the Visible Wavelength Range and Its Application to Hydrogen Sensing," Nano Letters, vol. 11, pp. 4366-4369, 2011/10/12 2011. [12] N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, "Infrared Perfect Absorber and Its Application As Plasmonic Sensor," Nano Letters, vol. 10, pp. 2342-2348, Jul 2010. [13] G. H. Li, X. S. Chen, O. P. Li, C. X. Shao, Y. Jiang, L. J. Huang, et al., "A novel plasmonic resonance sensor based on an infrared perfect absorber," Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, vol. 45, p. 205102, May 23 2012.

Petrology and Wavespeeds in Central Tibet Indicate a Partially Melted Mica-Bearing Crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hacker, B. R.; Ritzwoller, M. H.; Xie, J.

2013-12-01

Mineralogist, 81, 202-212, 1996. Duret, F., N.M. Shapiro, Z. Cao, V. Levin, P. Molnar, and S. Roecker, Surface wave dispersion across Tibet: Direct evidence for radial anisotropy in the crust, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, doi:10.1029/2010GL043811, 2010. Hacker, B.R., E. Gnos, L. Ratschbacher, M. Grove, M. McWilliams, S.V. Sobolev, W. Jiang, and Z. Wu, Hot and dry xenoliths from the lower crust of Tibet, Science, 287, 2463-2466, 2000. Mechie, J., S.V. Sobolev, L. Ratschbacher, A.Y. Babeyko, G. Bock, A.G. Jones, K.D. Nelson, K.D. Solon, L.D. Brown, and W. Zhao, Precise temperature estimation in the Tibetan crust from seismic detection of the a-b quartz transition, Geology, 32, 601-604, 2004. Xie, J., M.H. Ritzwoller, W. Shen, Y. Yang, Y. Zheng, and L. Zhou, Crustal radial anisotropy across Eastern Tibet and the Western Yangtze Craton, Journal of Geophysical Research, in press, 2013. Xu, Z.J., X. Song, and L. Zhu, Crustal and uppermost mantle S velocity structure under Hi-CLIMB seismic array in central Tibetan Plateau from joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver function data, Tectonophysics, 584, 209-220, 2013. Yang, Y., M.H. Ritzwoller, Y. Zheng, W. Shen, A.L. Levshin, and Z. Xie, A synoptic view of the distribution and connectivity of the mid-crustal low velocity zone beneath Tibet, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, 10.1029/2011JB008810, 2012.

Commentary on "Optimal schedule of bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of comparative studies." Zhu S, Tang Y, Li K, Shang Z, Jiang N, Nian X, Sun L, Niu Y, Department of Urology Tianjin Institute of Urology, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, People's Republic of China.: BMC Cancer 2013; 13:332. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-332.

PubMed

See, William A

2014-11-01

To explore the necessity of maintenance, efficacy of low-dose and superiority of various combination therapies of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in treatment of superficial bladder cancer (BCa). Comprehensive searches of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library), were performed, then a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and 9 retrospective comparative studies were carried out according to, predefined inclusion criteria. Significantly better recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were observed respectively in patients who received BCG maintenance, standard-dose and BCG plus epirubicin therapy comparing to those received induction, low-dose and BCG alone. BCG maintenance therapy was also associated with significantly better progression-free survival (PFS), but there were more incidences of adverse events. Pooled results showed no remarkable advantage of BCG combined with Mitomycin C or with interferon α-2b in improving oncologic outcomes. Sensitivity-analyses stratified by study-design and tumor stage led to very similar overall results and often to a decrease of the between-study heterogeneity. Our data confirmed that non-RCT only affected strength rather than direction of the overall results. All patients with superficial BCa should be encouraged to accept BCG maintenance therapy with standard-dose if well tolerated. Patients can benefit from BCG combined with epirubicin but not from BCG combined with Mitomycin C or interferon α-2b. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Connections between physical, optical and biogeochemical processes in the Pacific Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiu, Peng; Chai, Fei

2014-03-01

bacteria uptake of ammonia is obtained by, UB=UB∗, bacteria uptake of DOM, FB=U+UB, bacteria respiration, SB=RBFB{r_b}/{1-r_b}, remineralization by bacteria, EB=-UB. CDOM photolysis (Bissett et al., 1999a): UVLDOC=a(410)×RtUVLDOC×{PAR(0)}/{410}×exp∫z0Kd(300)dz, UVSDOC=a(410)×RtUVSDOC×{PAR(0)}/{410}×exp∫z0Kd(300)dz, UVLDIC=a(410)×RtUVLDIC×{PAR(0)}/{410}×exp∫z0Kd(300)dz, UVSDIC=a(410)×RtUVSDIC×{PAR(0)}/{410}×exp∫z0Kd(300)dz, a(410)=acdoc∗×CLDOC, a(410)=acdoc∗×CSDOC, Kd(300)=[a(410)+a(410)]×exp[0.0145×(410-300)]+0.154. The dissolution rate for biogenic silica (Jiang et al., 2003): D=(0.19T/25+0.01)×exp(0.069(T-25)). The air-sea flux of CO2 is calculated using the transfer velocity-wind speed relationships from Wanninkhof (1992): air-sea CO flux=0.31U2(660S{()sea-()air}, where U is the wind speed at sea surface and Sc is the Schmidt number for CO2 that can be calculated as: Sc=2073.1-125.62T+3.6276T2-0.043219T3, S is the solubility of CO2 and (pCO2)air is the partial pressure of CO2 in the air. In the model, we set a spatially uniform distribution of (pCO2)air observed at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al., 1976).Dissolved oxygen (DO) is modeled using constant oxygen-to-nitrate and oxygen-to-ammonium ratios. At the surface, air-sea exchange of O2 is calculated as: O flux=0.31U2(660(DOsat-DO), where DOsat is the saturation concentration of DO calculated from temperature and salinity. So2 is the Schmidt number for O2 that can be calculated as follows: So2=1638.0-81.83T+1.483T2-0.008004T3.

Uplifting of the Jiamusi Block in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NE China: evidence from basin provenance and geochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yongjiang; Wen, Quanbo; Han, Guoqing; Li, Wei

2010-05-01

the Paleo-Asian Ocean the Jiamusi Block underwent a very rapid exhumation in the late Permian. In the early Mesozoic the area went into a basin developing stage and formed a large basin as a whole during the Early Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous the Jiamusi Block started uplifting and the basin was broken into isolate small basins. References: Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Heilongjiang Province. Regional geology of Heilongjiang Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1993.578-581. Cao Chengrun, Zheng Qingdao. Structural evolution feature and its significance of hydrocarbon exploration in relict basin formation, Eastern Heilongjiang province. Journal of Jilin university (Earth Science Edition), 2003, 33(2):167-172. Lang Xiansheng. Biologic Assemblage features of Coal-bearing Strata in Shuangyashan-Jixian coal-field. Coal geology of China, 2002, 14(2):7-12. Piao Taiyuan , Cai Huawei , Jiang Baoyu. On the Cretaceous coal-bearing Strata in Eastern Heilongjiang. Journal Of Stratigraphy, 2005, 29:489-496. Wang Jie , He Zhonghua , Liu Zhaojun , Du Jiangfeng , Wang Weitao. Geochemical characteristics of Cretaceous detrital rocks and their constraint on provenance in Jixi Basin. Global Geology，2006, 25(4):341-348. DickinsonW R and Christopher A. Suczek. Plate Tectonics and Sandstone Composition. AAPG B. 1979,63(12 ):2164-2182. DickinsonW R, Beard L S, Brakenridge G R, et al. Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Bull Geo-Soc Amer, 1983, 94: 222-235. Maruyama S, Seno T. Orogeny and relative plate motions: Example of the Japanese Islands. Tectonophysics, 1986，127(3-4):305-329. Maruyama S, Isozaki Y, Kimura Gand Terabayashi M C.Paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands: plate tectonic systhesis from 750 Ma to the present. Island Arc, 1997,6:121-142.

The dimensionality reduction at surfaces as a playground for many-body and correlation effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tejeda, A.; Michel, E. G.; Mascaraque, A.

2013-03-01

antiferromagnetic surfaces. Ortega reports on the gap of molecular layers on metal systems, where the metal-organic interaction affects the organic gap through correlation effects. Finally, Cazalilla presents a study of the phase diagram of one-dimensional atoms or molecules displaying a Kondo-exchange interaction with the substrate. Acknowledgments The editors are grateful to all the invited contributors to this special section of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. We also thank the IOP Publishing staff for handling the administrative matters and the refereeing process. Correlation and many-body effects at surfaces contents The dimensionality reduction at surfaces as a playground for many-body and correlation effectsA Tejeda, E G Michel and A Mascaraque Electron-phonon coupling in quasi-free-standing grapheneJens Christian Johannsen, Søren Ulstrup, Marco Bianchi, Richard Hatch, Dandan Guan, Federico Mazzola, Liv Hornekær, Felix Fromm, Christian Raidel, Thomas Seyller and Philip Hofmann Exploring highly correlated materials via electron pair emission: the case of NiO/Ag(100)F O Schumann, L Behnke, C H Li and J Kirschner Coherent excitations and electron-phonon coupling in Ba/EuFe2As2 compounds investigated by femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopyI Avigo, R Cortés, L Rettig, S Thirupathaiah, H S Jeevan, P Gegenwart, T Wolf, M Ligges, M Wolf, J Fink and U Bovensiepen Understanding the insulating nature of alkali-metal/Si(111):B interfacesY Fagot-Revurat, C Tournier-Colletta, L Chaput, A Tejeda, L Cardenas, B Kierren, D Malterre, P Le Fèvre, F Bertran and A Taleb-Ibrahimi What about U on surfaces? Extended Hubbard models for adatom systems from first principlesPhilipp Hansmann, Loïg Vaugier, Hong Jiang and Silke Biermann Influence of on-site Coulomb interaction U on properties of MnO(001)2 × 1 and NiO(001)2 × 1 surfacesA Schrön, M Granovskij and F Bechstedt On the organic energy gap problemF Flores, E Abad, J I Martínez, B Pieczyrak and J Ortega

A novel heat engine for magnetizing superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coombs, T. A.; Hong, Z.; Zhu, X.; Krabbes, G.

2008-03-01

The potential of bulk melt-processed YBCO single domains to trap significant magnetic fields (Tomita and Murakami 2003 Nature 421 517-20 Fuchs et al 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 2107-9) at cryogenic temperatures makes them particularly attractive for a variety of engineering applications including superconducting magnets, magnetic bearings and motors (Coombs et al 1999 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 9 968-71 Coombs et al 2005 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 2312-5). It has already been shown that large fields can be obtained in single domain samples at 77 K. A range of possible applications exist in the design of high power density electric motors (Jiang et al 2006 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19 1164-8). Before such devices can be created a major problem needs to be overcome. Even though all of these devices use a superconductor in the role of a permanent magnet and even though the superconductor can trap potentially huge magnetic fields (greater than 10 T) the problem is how to induce the magnetic fields. There are four possible known methods: (1) cooling in field; (2) zero field cooling, followed by slowly applied field; (3) pulse magnetization; (4) flux pumping. Any of these methods could be used to magnetize the superconductor and this may be done either in situ or ex situ. Ideally the superconductors are magnetized in situ. There are several reasons for this: first, if the superconductors should become demagnetized through (i) flux creep, (ii) repeatedly applied perpendicular fields (Vanderbemden et al 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 (17)) or (iii) by loss of cooling then they may be re-magnetized without the need to disassemble the machine; secondly, there are difficulties with handling very strongly magnetized material at cryogenic temperatures when assembling the machine; thirdly, ex situ methods would require the machine to be assembled both cold and pre-magnetized and would offer significant design difficulties. Until room temperature superconductors can be prepared, the

Quantum mechanical calculations of charge effects on gating the KcsA channel.

PubMed

Kariev, Alisher M; Znamenskiy, Vasiliy S; Green, Michael E

2007-05-01

A series of ab initio (density functional) calculations were carried out on side chains of a set of amino acids, plus water, from the (intracellular) gating region of the KcsA K(+) channel. Their atomic coordinates, except hydrogen, are known from X-ray structures [D.A. Doyle, J.M. Cabral, R.A. Pfuetzner, A. Kuo, J.M. Gulbis, S.L. Cohen, B.T. Chait, R. MacKinnon, The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K(+) conduction and selectivity, Science 280 (1998) 69-77; R. MacKinnon, S.L. Cohen, A. Kuo, A. Lee, B.T. Chait, Structural conservation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic potassium channels, Science 280 (1998) 106-109; Y. Jiang, A. Lee, J. Chen, M. Cadene, B.T. Chait, R. MacKinnon, The open pore conformation of potassium channels. Nature 417 (2001) 523-526], as are the coordinates of some water oxygen atoms. The 1k4c structure is used for the starting coordinates. Quantum mechanical optimization, in spite of the starting configuration, places the atoms in positions much closer to the 1j95, more tightly closed, configuration. This state shows four water molecules forming a "basket" under the Q119 side chains, blocking the channel. When a hydrated K(+) approaches this "basket", the optimized system shows a strong set of hydrogen bonds with the K(+) at defined positions, preventing further approach of the K(+) to the basket. This optimized structure with hydrated K(+) added shows an ice-like 12 molecule nanocrystal of water. If the water molecules exchange, unless they do it as a group, the channel will remain blocked. The "basket" itself appears to be very stable, although it is possible that the K(+) with its hydrating water molecules may be more mobile, capable of withdrawing from the gate. It is also not surprising that water essentially freezes, or forms a kind of glue, in a nanometer space; this agrees with experimental results on a rather different, but similarly sized (nm dimensions) system [K.B. Jinesh, J.W.M. Frenken, Capillary condensation in

Collaborative Research: Quantifying Climate Feedbacks of the Terrestrial Biosphere under Thawing Permafrost Conditions in the Arctic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melillo, Jerry

uncertainties. Based on our study results along with a review of observed and projected climate changes in Northern Eurasia by others, we have also outlined a more integrated modelling approach that may be developed and applied in future studies to better capture the influence of earth system feedbacks and human activities on the evolution of climate change effects over time. Specifically, we have examined: 1) how evapotranspiration and water availability have been changing in Northern Eurasia and may change in the future including the impact of forcing uncertainties (Liu et al., 2013, 2014, 2015); 2) how soil consumption of atmospheric methane across the globe have been influenced and may be influenced by climate change and nitrogen deposition during the 20th and 21st centuries (Zhuang et al., 2013); 3) how wetland inundation extent influences net CO2 and CH4 fluxes from northern high latitudes (Zhuang et al., 2015); 4) the relative effects of various environmental factors (including permafrost degradation) on terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loading of river networks across the pan-Arctic and how they have changed over the 20th century (Kicklighter et al., 2013); 5) the impacts of recent and future permafrost thaw on land-atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange across the pan-Arctic (Gao et al., 2012, 2013; Hayes et al., 2014; Kicklighter et al. 2015a, 2018); 6) how climate-induced vegetation shifts may affect carbon fluxes and future land use in Northern Eurasia (Jiang et al., 2012, 2016; Kicklighter et al., 2014a) and the globe (Zhuang et al. 2015b); 7) the relative importance of legacies from past land use, future land-use change and climate change on projections of terrestrial carbon fluxes (Monier et al., 2015; Kicklighter et al., 2016); and 8) how the effects of earth system feedbacks and human activities can be better incorporated in assessments of climate change impacts (Monier et al., 2017; Groisman et al., 2018).« less

TU-AB-207A-03: Image Quality, Dose, and Clinical Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dong, F.

often arise in the reconstructed images. Because of the limited scope of this course, only major imaging artifacts, their appearance, and possible mitigation and corrections will be discussed. Assessment of the performance of a CT scanner is a complicated subject. Procedures to measure common image quality metrics such as high contrast spatial resolution, low contrast detectability, and slice profile will be described. The reason why these metrics used for FBP may not be sufficient for statistical iterative reconstruction will be explained. Optimizing radiation dose requires comprehension of CT dose metrics. This course will briefly describe various dose metrics, and interaction with acquisition parameters and patient habitus. CT is among the most frequently used imaging tools due to its superior image quality, easy to operate, and a broad range of applications. This course will present several interesting CT applications such as a mobile CT unit on an ambulance for stroke patients, low dose lung cancer screening, and single heartbeat cardiac CT. Learning Objectives: Understand the function and impact of major components of X-ray tube on the image quality. Understand the function and impact of major components of CT detector on the image quality. Be familiar with the basic procedure of CT image reconstruction. Understand the effect of image reconstruction on CT image quality and artifacts. Understand the root causes of common CT image artifacts. Be familiar with image quality metrics especially high and low contrast resolution, noise power spectrum, slice sensitivity profile, etc. Understand why basic image quality metrics used for FBP may not be sufficient to characterize the performance of advanced iterative reconstruction. Be familiar with various CT dose metrics and their interaction with acquisition parameters. New development in advanced CT clinical applications. JH: Employee of GE Healthcare. FD: No disclosure.; J. Hsieh, Jiang Hsieh is an employee of GE

PREFACE: Nanoelectronics, sensors and single molecule biophysics Nanoelectronics, sensors and single molecule biophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tao, Nongjian

2012-04-01

lengths but different energy barrier profiles in order to elucidate electron transport in the molecular junctions. Kiguchi and Murakoshi study metallic atomic wires under electrochemical potential control. Asai reports on a theoretical study of rectification in substituted atomic wires. Finally, Weiss et al report on a new method to pattern and functionalize oxide-free germanium surfaces with self-assembled organic monolayers, which provides interfaces between inorganic semiconductors and organic molecules. Nanoelectronics, sensors and single molecule biophysics contents Biochemistry and semiconductor electronics—the next big hit for silicon?Stuart Lindsay Electrical detection of single pollen allergen particles using electrode-embedded microchannelsChihiro Kawaguchi, Tetsuya Noda, Makusu Tsutsui, Masateru Taniguchi, Satoyuki Kawano and Tomoji Kawai Quasi 3D imaging of DNA-gold nanoparticle tetrahedral structuresAvigail Stern, Dvir Rotem, Inna Popov and Danny Porath Effects of cytosine methylation on DNA charge transportJoshua Hihath, Shaoyin Guo, Peiming Zhang and Nongjian Tao Effect of electrostatics on aggregation of prion protein Sup35 peptideAlexander M Portillo, Alexey V Krasnoslobodtsev and Yuri L Lyubchenko Mapping the intracellular distribution of carbon nanotubes after targeted delivery to carcinoma cells using confocal Raman imaging as a label-free techniqueC Lamprecht, N Gierlinger, E Heister, B Unterauer, B Plochberger, M Brameshuber, P Hinterdorfer, S Hild and A Ebner Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles in living Hela cellsXian Hao, Jiazhen Wu, Yuping Shan, Mingjun Cai, Xin Shang, Junguang Jiang and Hongda Wang Stability of an aqueous quadrupole micro-trapJae Hyun Park and Predrag S Krstić Electron transport properties of single molecular junctions under mechanical modulationsJianfeng Zhou, Cunlan Guo and Bingqian Xu An approach to measure electromechanical properties of atomic and molecular junctionsIlya V Pobelov, Gábor M�

PREFACE: Structure and dynamics determined by neutron and x-ray scattering Structure and dynamics determined by neutron and x-ray scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller-Buschbaum, Peter

2011-06-01

structure of pyroxene-type MnGeO3 G J Redhammer, A Senyshyn, G Tippelt and G Roth Nanostructured diblock copolymer films with embedded magnetic nanoparticles Xin Xia, Ezzeldin Metwalli, Matthias A Ruderer, Volker Körstgens, Peter Busch, Peter Böni and Peter Müller-Buschbaum Thermal expansion of a La-based bulk metallic glass: insight from in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction J Bednarcik, S Michalik, M Sikorski, C Curfs, X D Wang, J Z Jiang and H Franz The slow short-time motions of phospholipid molecules with a focus on the influence of multiple scattering and fitting artefacts Sebastian Busch and Tobias Unruh Quasi-elastic scattering under short-range order: the linear regime and beyond Michael Leitner and Gero Vogl Structural relaxation as seen by quasielastic neutron scattering on viscous Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be droplets F Yang, T Kordel, D Holland-Moritz, T Unruh and A Meyer In situ observation of cluster formation during nanoparticle solution casting on a colloidal film S V Roth, G Herzog, V Körstgens, A Buffet, M Schwartzkopf, J Perlich, M M Abul Kashem, R Döhrmann, R Gehrke, A Rothkirch, K Stassig, W Wurth, G Benecke, C Li, P Fratzl, M Rawolle and P Müller-Buschbaum Inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering from incommensurate magnetic systems Peter Böni, Bertrand Roessli and Klaudia Hradil Development of magnetic moments in Fe1-xNix-alloys Benjamin Glaubitz, Stefan Buschhorn, Frank Brüssing, Radu Abrudan and Hartmut Zabel Modified mode-coupling theory for the collective dynamics of simple liquids B Schmid and W Schirmacher Inelastic neutron and low-frequency Raman scattering in niobium-phosphate glasses: the role of spatially fluctuating elastic and elasto-optic constants A Schulte, W Schirmacher, B Schmid and T Unruh The effect of heat treatment on the internal structure of nanostructured block copolymer films A Sepe, E T Hoppe, S Jaksch, D Magerl, Q Zhong, J Perlich, D Posselt, D-M Smilgies and C M Papadakis Hydrogen release from sodium alanate observed by time

Advanced Materials and Processing 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yunfeng; Su, Chun Wei; Xia, Hui; Xiao, Pengfei

2011-06-01

-pipe steel and its finite element simulation / Kyong-Ho Chang and Gab-Chul Jang -- Residual stress distribution of 600MPa grade high tensile strength steel pipe using welding FE simulation / Kyong-Ho Chang and Gab-Chul Jang -- In-situ preparation and magnetic properties of Fe[symbol]O[symbol]/wood composite / Honglin Gao ... [et al.] -- The application of the cohesive zone model on the analysis of mechanical properties of carbon nano-tube composites with debonding interface / Wen-Liang Zhu and Dong-Mei Luo -- Microstructures and mechanical properties of As-Cast Mg-Zr-Ca alloys for biomedical applications / Ying-Long Zhou ... [et al.] -- Effect of polyurethane/nano-SiO[symbol] composites coating on thermo-mechanical properties of polyethylene film / Ching Yern Chee and Iskandar Idris Yaacob -- Effects evaluation for different rare earth elements in magnesium-lithium alloy / Bin Jiang ... [et al.] -- Effect of sintering temperature on the structure and bioactivity of HAp-5.0wt.%SO[symbol] bioceramic composites / Xiao-Wu Li ... [et al.] -- Study on the high cycle fatigue property of Ti-600 alloy at ambient temperature / Liying Zeng ... [et al.] -- Study on deformation-induced ferrite transformation of steel 2.25Cr1MoNb / Li Qing-Fen, Zhou Hui-Min and Chen Hong-Bin -- Effect of Fe addition on the cycle performance of FeS2 cathode for Li/FeS[symbol] battery / Young-Jin Choi ... [et al.] -- Effect of annealing process on recrystallization microstructure and texture of low carbon steel strip / Haiyan Wang ... [et al.].Grain-boundary segregation and co-segregation behavior of three elements in steel 2.25Gr1Mo / Wang Jun ... [et al.] -- Effect of partial crystallization on the mechanical properties of [symbol] bulk metallic glass / P. H. Tsai ... [et al.] -- Influence of plastic deformation on the evolution of defect structures, microhardness and electrical conductivity of copper / Jingmei Tao ... [et al.] -- Microstructure and room temperature mechanical properties of the Ni

EDITORIAL: Nano-enhanced! Nano-enhanced!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2010-08-01

approaches to investigating and exploiting these structures. References [1] Banerjee D, Lao J Y, Wang D Z, Huang J Y Steeves D, Kimball B and Ren Z F 2004 Nanotechnology 15 4040-9 [2] Nilsson L, Groening O, Emmenegger C, Kuettel O, Schaller E, Schlapbach L, Kind H, Bonard J-M and Kern K 2000Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 2071-3 [3] Jiang H, Hu J, Gu F and Li C 2009 Nanotechnology 20 055706 [4] Khoury C G, Norton S J and Vo-Dinh T 2010 Nanotechnology 21 315203 [5] Le Moal E, Lévéque-Fort S, Potier M-C and Fort E 2009 Nanotechnology 20 225502 [6] Chen C-P, Lin P-H, Chen L-Y, Ke M-Y, Cheng Y-W and Huang J-J 2009 Nanotechnology 20 245204 [7] Fabbri F, Rossi F, Attolini G, Salviati G, Iannotta S, Aversa L, Verucchi R, Nardi M, Fukata N, Dierre B and Sekiguchi T 2010 Nanotechnology 21 345702

EDITORIAL: Advances in Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments for Production Engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Wei; Takaya, Yasuhiro; Gao, Yongsheng; Krystek, Michael

2008-08-01

. Neuschaefer-Rube et al, also from PTB, present procedures and standards to test tactile and optical microsensors and micro-computed tomography systems, which are similar to the established tests for classical coordinate measuring machines and assess local and global sensor characteristics. The last three papers are related to micro/nano-metrology and intelligent instrumentation. Jiang et al from Tohoku University describe the fabrication of piezoresistive nanocantilevers for ultra-sensitive force detection by using spin-out diffusion, EB lithography and FAB etching, respectively. Y-C Liu et al from National Taiwan University develop an economical and highly sensitive optical accelerometer using a commercial optical pickup head. Michihata et al from Osaka University experimentally investigate the positioning sensing property and accuracy of a laser trapping probe for a nano-coordinate measuring machine. As guest editors, we believe that this special feature presents the newest information on advances in measurement technology and intelligent instruments from basic research to applied systems for Production Engineering. We would like to thank all the authors for their great contributions to this special feature and the referees for their careful reviews of the papers. We would also like to express our thanks and appreciation to Professor P Hauptmann, Editor-in-Chief of MST, for his kind offer to publish selected ISMTII 2007 papers in MST, and to the publishing staff of MST for their dedicated efforts that have made this special feature possible.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Solar-type stars from SDSS-III MARVELS. VI. HD 87646 (Ma+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, B.; Ge, J.; Wolszczan, A.; Muterspaugh, M. W.; Lee, B.; Henry, G. W.; Schneider, D. P.; Martin, E. L.; Niedzielski, A.; Xie, J.; Fleming, S. W.; Thomas, N.; Williamson, M.; Zhu, Z.; Agol, E.; Bizyaev, D.; da Costa, L. N.; Jiang, P.; Fiorenzano, A. F. M.; Hernandez, J. I. G.; Guo, P.; Grieves, N.; Li, R.; Liu, J.; Mahadevan, S.; Mazeh, T.; Nguyen, D. C.; Paegert, M.; Sithajan, S.; Stassun, K.; Thirupathi, S.; van Eyken, J. C.; Wan, X.; Wang, J.; Wisniewski, J. P.; Zhao, B.; Zucker, S.

2016-11-01

We have obtained a total of 16 observations of HD87646 using the W.M. Keck Exoplanet Tracker (KeckET) from 2006 December to 2007 June. The radial velocities obtained are listed in Table1. The KeckET instrument was constructed in 2005 August-2006 February with support from the Keck Foundation. It was coupled with a wide field Sloan Digital Sky Survey telescope (SDSS) and used for the pilot Multi-Object APO RV Exoplanet Large-Area Survey (MARVELS). This is the sixth paper in this series, examining the low-mass companions around solar-type stars from the SDSS-III MARVELS survey (Wisniewski et al. 2012, Cat. J/AJ/143/107; Fleming et al. 2012AJ....144...72F; Ma et al. 2013AJ....145...20M; Jiang et al. 2013AJ....146...65J; De Lee et al. 2013AJ....145..155D). The KeckET instrument consists of eight subsystems-a multi-object fiber feed, an iodine cell, a fixed-delay interferometer system, a slit, a collimator, a grating, a camera, and a 4k*4k CCD detector. In addition, it contains four auxiliary subsystems: the interferometer control, an instrument calibration system, a photon flux monitoring system, and a thermal probe and control system. The instrument is fed with 60 fibers with 200μm core diameters, which are coupled to 180μm core diameter short fibers from the SDSS telescope, corresponding to 3arcsec on the sky at f/5. The resolving power for the spectrograph is R=5100, and the wavelength coverage is ~900Å, centered at 5400Å. KeckET has one spectrograph and one 4k*4k CCD camera that captures one of the two interferometer outputs, and has a 5.5% detection efficiency from the telescope to the detector without the iodine cell under the typical APO seeing conditions (~1.5arcsec seeing). The CCD camera records fringing spectra from 59 objects in a single exposure. Subsequent observations were performed using the Exoplanet Tracker (ET) instrument at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO). Initial follow-up was performed in 2007 November. Additional data points were

EDITORIAL: Enhancing nanolithography Enhancing nanolithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2012-01-01

interfering laser beams. The interference gave rise to a periodic line-like pattern in the intensity distribution of the incident field. In addition, the silica spheres cause enhancements to the incident field that result in the formation of patterns of craters, cavities and holes in the PEDOT-PSS. The researchers confirm the viability of their fabrication process with Mie scattering theory calculations. The technique has a number of advantages over previous methods for creating nanoporous structures in PEDOT-PSS, including efficiency, high-resolution and low cost as a clean room is not required. The stage is set for more technological developments as innovations in lithography and combinations with other techniques continue to play a leading role in high-resolution patterning and fabrication at the nanoscale. References [1] Grigorescu A E and Hagen C W 2009 Nanotechnology 20 292001 [2] Lin B J 1975 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 12 1317-20 [3] Yuan D, Lasagni A, Hendricks J L, Martin D C and Das S 2012 Nanotechnology 23 015304 [4] Kim S H, Lee K-D, Kim J-Y, Kwon M-K and Park S-J 2007 Nanotechnology 18 055306 [5] Yu J, Ippolito S J, Wlodarski W, Strano M and Kalantar-Zadeh K 2010 Nanotechnology 21 265502 [6] Yang Y, Tanemura M, Huang Z, Jiang D, Li Z-Y, Huang Y-P, Kawamura G, Yamaguchi K and Nogami M 2010 Nanotechnology 21 325701 [7] Cade N I, Ritman-Meer T, Kwakwa K A and Richards D 2009 Nanotechnology 20 285201

EDITORIAL: 'Best article' prize for the 5th anniversary of Environmental Research Letters 'Best article' prize for the 5th anniversary of Environmental Research Letters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kammen, Dan; Wright, Guillaume

2011-12-01

publication in the journal until the end of 2012. Of course all of the shortlisted papers were of great merit, and the full list of nominees can be found below (in alphabetical order). Nominees Achard F, DeFries R, Eva H, Hansen M, Mayaux P and Stibig H-J 2007 Environ. Res. Lett. 2 045022 Baccini A, Laporte N, Goetz S J, Sun M and Dong H 2008 Environ. Res. Lett. 3 045011 Barona E, Ramankutty N, Hyman G and Coomes O T 2010 Environ. Res. Lett. 5 024002 Charpentier A D, Bergerson J A and MacLean H L 2009 Environ. Res. Lett. 4 014005 Chester M V and Horvath A 2009 Environ. Res. Lett. 4 024008 Cooley S R and Doney S C 2009 Environ. Res. Lett. 4 024007 Diffenbaugh N S, White M A, Jones G V and Ashfaq M 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 024024 Farrell A E and Brandt A R 2006 Environ. Res. Lett. 1 014004 Graham W M, Condon R H, Carmichael R H, D'Ambra I, Patterson H K, Linn L J and Hernandez F J Jr 2010 Environ. Res. Lett. 5 045301 Hansen J E 2007 Environ. Res. Lett. 2 024002 Heinonen J and Junnila S 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 014018 Jackson R B et al 2008 Environ. Res. Lett. 3 044006 Jiang M, Michael Griffin W, Hendrickson C, Jaramillo P, VanBriesen J and Venkatesh A 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 034014 Koren I, Kaufman Y J, Washington R, Todd M C, Rudich Y, Martins J V and Rosenfeld D 2006 Environ. Res. Lett. 1 014005 Kummu M, Ward P J, de Moel H and Varis O 2010 Environ. Res. Lett. 5 034006 Lau W K M, Kim M-K, Kim K-M and Lee W-S 2010 Environ. Res. Lett. 5 025204 Lindeboom H J et al 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 035101 Lowe J A, Huntingford C, Raper S C B, Jones C D, Liddicoat S K and Gohar L K 2009 Environ. Res. Lett. 4 014012 Möhler O, Benz S, Saathoff H, Schnaiter M, Wagner R, Schneider J, Walter S, Ebert V and Wagner S 2008 Environ. Res. Lett. 3 025007 Menon S, Akbari H, Mahanama S, Sednev I and Levinson R 2010 Environ. Res. Lett. 5 014005 Schneider A, Friedl M A and Potere D 2009 Environ. Res. Lett. 4 044003 Sloan T and Wolfendale A W 2008 Environ. Res. Lett. 3 024001 Tedesco M, Fettweis

Committees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2012-11-01

-RESIGA Politehnica University of Timisoara Romania Kazuhiro TANAKA Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan Yoshinobu TSUJIMOTO Osaka University Japan Local Organizing Committee Chairman Yulin WU Tsinghua University Beijing Executive Chairman Zhengwei WANG Tsinghua University Beijing Members Shuliang CAO Tsinghua University Beijing Cichang CHEN South West University of Petroleum Chengdu Hongxun CHEN Shanghai University Shanghai Jiang DAI China Sanxia General Co Yichang Huashu DOU National University of Singapore Singapore Fengqin HAN Huanan University of Sci & Tech Guangzhou Kun LI Hefei Inst of General Machinery Hefei Rennian LI Lanzhou University of Sci & Tech Lanzhou Wanhong LI National Natural Science Foundation of China Beijing Chao LIU Yangzhou University Yangzhou Li LU China Inst of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing Xingqi LUO Xi'an University of Tech Xi'an Zhenyue MA Dalian University of Sci & Tech Dalian Jiegang MU Zhejiang University of Tech Hangzhou Daqing QIN Harbin Electric Machinery Group Harbin Fujun WANG China Agriculture University Beijing Guoyu WANG Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) Beijing Leqin WANG Zhejiang University Hangzhou Yuzhen WU NERCSPV Beijing Hongyuan XU Tsinghua University Beijing Jiandong YANG Wuhan University Wuhan Minguan YANG Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Shouqi YUAN Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Lefu ZHANG Harbin Electric Machinery Group Harbin Lixiang ZHANG Yunnan University of Sci & Tech Kunming Shengchang ZHANG Zhejiang University of Tech Hangzhou Kun ZHAO China Water & Electric Consulting Corp Beijing Yuan ZHENG Hehai University Nanjing Jianzhong ZHOU Huazhong University of Sci & Tech Wuhan Lingjiu ZHOU China Agriculture University Beijing Hongwu ZHU China Petroleum University Beijing Zuchao ZHU Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Secretaries Shuhong LIU (Academic), liushuhong@tsinghua.edu.cn Xianwu LUO (Registration), luoxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Baoshan ZHU (Finance), bszhu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

PREFACE: The 15th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS15)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Z. Y.

2013-04-01

Committees and Staff Chair of the Conference Ziyu Wu International Advisory Committee Adam Hitchcock, Canada Adriano Filipponi, Italy Alain Manceau, France Alexander Soldatov, Russia Andrea Di Cicco, Italy Britt Hedman, USA Bruce Bunker, USA Calogero R. Natoli, Italy Christopher T. Chantler, Australia Frank M. F. De Groot, Netherlands Hiroyuki Oyanagi, Japan Ingolf Lindau, USA J. Mustre de Leon, México James E Penner-Hahn, USA Joaquin Garcia Ruiz, Spain John Evans, UK John J. Rehr, USA Kiyotaka Asakura, Japan Majed Chergui, Switzerland Mark Newton, UK Shiqiang Wei, P. R. China Tsun-Kong Sham, Canada Ziyu Wu, P. R. China International Program Committee Antonio Bianconi, Italy Augusto Marcelli, Italy Emad Flear Aziz, Germany Jinghua Guo, USA Joly Yves, France Masaharu Nomura, Japan Maurizio Benfatto, Italy Pieter Glatzel, France Shiqiang Wei, China Tiandou Hu, China Toshihiko Yokoyama, Japan Way-Faung Pong, Taiwan Xinyi Zhang, China Yi Xie, China Yuying Huang, China Zhonghua Wu, China Ziyu Wu, China Local Organizing Committee Bo He Fengchun Hu Haifeng Zhao Jing Zhang Meijuan Yu Qin Yu Shuo Zhang Wangsheng Chu Wei He Wei Xu Wensheng Yan Xiaomei Gong Xing Chen Yang Zou Yi Xia Zheng Jiang Zhi Xie Zhihu Sun Zhiyun Pan Additional Staff Chengxun Liu

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heffelfinger, Grant S.; Martino, Anthony; Rintoul, Mark Daniel

.genomes-to-life.org Acknowledgment We want to gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the GTL Project Team as follows: Grant S. Heffelfinger1*, Anthony Martino2, Andrey Gorin3, Ying Xu10,3, Mark D. Rintoul1, Al Geist3, Matthew Ennis1, Hashimi Al-Hashimi8, Nikita Arnold3, Andrei Borziak3, Bianca Brahamsha6, Andrea Belgrano12, Praveen Chandramohan3, Xin Chen9, Pan Chongle3, Paul Crozier1, PguongAn Dam10, George S. Davidson1, Robert Day3, Jean Loup Faulon2, Damian Gessler12, Arlene Gonzalez2, David Haaland1, William Hart1, Victor Havin3, Tao Jiang9, Howland Jones1, David Jung3, Ramya Krishnamurthy3, Yooli Light2, Shawn Martin1, Rajesh Munavalli3, Vijaya Natarajan3, Victor Olman10, Frank Olken4, Brian Palenik6, Byung Park3, Steven Plimpton1, Diana Roe2, Nagiza Samatova3, Arie Shoshani4, Michael Sinclair1, Alex Slepoy1, Shawn Stevens8, Chris Stork1, Charlie Strauss5, Zhengchang Su10, Edward Thomas1, Jerilyn A. Timlin1, Xiufeng Wan11, HongWei Wu10, Dong Xu11, Gong-Xin Yu3, Grover Yip8, Zhaoduo Zhang2, Erik Zuiderweg8 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (gsheffe%40sandia.gov) 1. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 2. Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 5. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 6. University of California, San Diego 7. University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign 8. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 9. University of California, Riverside 10. University of Georgia, Athens 11. University of Missouri, Columbia 12. National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.« less

Genomes to Life Project Quarterly Report April 2005.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heffelfinger, Grant S.; Martino, Anthony; Rintoul, Mark Daniel

2006-02-01

acknowledge the contributions of: Grant Heffelfinger1*, Anthony Martino2, Brian Palenik6, Andrey Gorin3, Ying Xu10,3, Mark Daniel Rintoul1, Al Geist3, Matthew Ennis1, with Pratul Agrawal3, Hashim Al-Hashimi8, Andrea Belgrano12, Mike Brown1, Xin Chen9, Paul Crozier1, PguongAn Dam10, Jean-Loup Faulon2, Damian Gessler12, David Haaland1, Victor Havin4, C.F. Huang5, Tao Jiang9, Howland Jones1, David Jung3, Katherine Kang14, Michael Langston15, Shawn Martin1, Shawn Means1, Vijaya Natarajan4, Roy Nielson5, Frank Olken4, Victor Olman10, Ian Paulsen14, Steve Plimpton1, Andreas Reichsteiner5, Nagiza Samatova3, Arie Shoshani4, Michael Sinclair1, Alex Slepoy1, Shawn Stevens8, Charlie Strauss5, Zhengchang Su10, Ed Thomas1, Jerilyn Timlin1, WimVermaas13, Xiufeng Wan11, HongWei Wu10, Dong Xu11, Grover Yip8, Erik Zuiderweg8 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (gsheffe@sandia.gov) 1. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 2. Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 5. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 6. University of California, San Diego 7. University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign 8. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 9. University of California, Riverside 10. University of Georgia, Athens 11. University of Missouri, Columbia 12. National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 13. Arizona State University 14. The Institute for Genomic Research 15. University of Tennessee 5 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500.« less

EDITORIAL: Terahertz nanotechnology Terahertz nanotechnology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna; Tonouchi, Masayoshi; Reno, John L.

2013-05-01

an InGaAs heterostructure Nanotechnology 24 214007 [4] Chen H-T, Padilla W J, Zide J M O, Gossard A C, Taylor A J and Averitt R D 2006 Active terahertz metamaterial devices Nature 444 597-600 [5] Hans H 1991 Microwave technology in the terahertz region Brand Conf. Proc.—European Microwave Conf. vol 1, pp 16-35 [6]Joyce H J, Docherty C J, Gao Q, Tan H H, Jagadish C, Lloyd-Hughes J, Herz L M and Johnston M B 2013 Electronic properties of GaAs, InAs and InP nanowires studied by terahertz spectroscopy Nanotechnology 24 214006 [7] Knap W, Rumyantsev S, Vitiello M S, Coquillat D, Blin S, Dyakonova N, Shur M, Teppe F, Tredicucci A and Nagatsuma T 2013 Nanometer size field effect transistors for terahertz detectors Nanotechnology 24 214002 [8] Kawano Y 2013 Wide-band frequency-tunable terahertz and infrared detection with graphene Nanotechnology 24 214004 [9]Romeo L, Coquillat D, Pea M, Ercolani D, Beltram F, Sorba L, Knap W, Tredicucci A and Vitiello M S 2013 Nanowire-based field effect transistors for terahertz detection and imaging systems Nanotechnology 24 214005 [10] Son J-H 2013 Principle and applications of terahertz molecular imaging Nanotechnology 24 214001 [11] Zhu Z, Yang X, Gu J, Jiang J, Yue W, Tian Z, Tonouchi M, Han J and Zhang W 2013 Broadband plasmon induced transparency in terahertz metamaterials Nanotechnology 24 214003 [12] Tonouchi M 2007 Cutting-edge terahertz technology Nature Photon. 1 97-105

EDITORIAL: Focus on Cloaking and Transformation Optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leonhardt, Ulf; Smith, David R.

2008-11-01

multi-frequency cloaking Andrea Alù and Nader Engheta Electromagnetic cloaking devices for TE and TM polarizations Filiberto Bilotti, Simone Tricarico and Lucio Vegni An aberration-free lens with zero F-number D Schurig Transformational optics of plasmonic metamaterials I I Smolyaninov An acoustic metafluid: realizing a broadband acoustic cloak J B Pendry and Jensen Li On the possibility of metamaterial properties in spin plasmas G Brodin and M Marklund A homogenization route towards square cylindrical acoustic cloaks Mohamed Farhat, Sébastien Guenneau, Stefan Enoch, Alexander Movchan, Frédéric Zolla and André Nicolet Transformation optics: approaching broadband electromagnetic cloaking A V Kildishev, W Cai, U K Chettiar and V M Shalaev Generalized field-transforming metamaterials Sergei A Tretyakov, Igor S Nefedov and Pekka Alitalo Electromagnetic beam modulation through transformation optical structures Xiaofei Xu, Yijun Feng and Tian Jiang Superantenna made of transformation media Ulf Leonhardt and Tomáš Tyc Material parameters and vector scaling in transformation acoustics Steven A Cummer, Marco Rahm and David Schurig Isotropic transformation optics: approximate acoustic and quantum cloaking Allan Greenleaf, Yaroslav Kurylev, Matti Lassas and Gunther Uhlmann Transformation optical designs for wave collimators, flat lenses and right-angle bends Do-Hoon Kwon and Douglas H Werner Alternative derivation of electromagnetic cloaks and concentrators A D Yaghjian and S Maci Solutions in folded geometries, and associated cloaking due to anomalous resonance Graeme W Milton, Nicolae-Alexandru P Nicorovici, Ross C McPhedran, Kirill Cherednichenko and Zubin Jacob Finite wavelength cloaking by plasmonic resonance N-A P Nicorovici, R C McPhedran, S Enoch and G Tayeb

PREFACE: Quark Matter 2006 Conference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Yu-Gang; Wang, En-Ke; Cai, Xu; Huang, Huan-Zhong; Wang, Xin-Nian; Zhu, Zhi-Yuan

2007-07-01

The Quark Matter 2006 conference was held on 14 20 November 2006 at the Shanghai Science Hall of the Shanghai Association of Sciences and Technology in Shanghai, China. It was the 19th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions. The conference was organized jointly by SINAP (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)) and CCNU (Central China Normal University, Wuhan). Over 600 scientists from 32 countries in five continents attended the conference. This is the first time that China has hosted such a premier conference in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, an important event for the Chinese high energy nuclear physics community. About one half of the conference participants are junior scientists—a clear indication of the vigor and momentum for this field, in search of the fundamental nature of the nuclear matter at extreme conditions. Professor T D Lee, honorary chair of the conference and one of the founders of the quark matter research, delivered an opening address with his profound and philosophical remarks on the recent discovery of the nature of strongly-interacting quark-gluon-plasma (sQGP). Professor Hongjie Xu, director of SINAP, gave a welcome address to all participants on behalf of the two hosting institutions. Dr Peiwen Ji, deputy director of the Mathematics and Physics Division of the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), also addressed the conference participants and congratulated them on the opening of the conference. Professor Mianheng Jiang, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), gave a concise introduction about the CAS as the premier research institution in China. He highlighted continued efforts at CAS to foster international collaborations between China and other nations. The Quark Matter 2006 conference is an example of such a successful collaboration between high energy nuclear physicists in China and other nations all over the world. The

PREFACE: International Conference on Inverse Problems 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hon, Yiu-Chung; Ling, Leevan

2011-03-01

Sciences, South KoreaYu Jiang, Hokkaido University, JapanDe-Xing Kong, Zhejiang University, ChinaOlga Krivorotko, Novosibirsk State University, RussiaPhilipp Küegler, Austrian Academy of Sciences, AustriaKiwoon Kwon, Dongguk University, South KoreaChun-Kong Law, National Sun Yat-sen University, TaiwanJune-Yub Lee, Ewha Womans University, South KoreaMing Li, City University of Hong Kong, HKSARMikyoung Lim, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South KoreaJijun Liu, Southeast University, ChinaXiaodong Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaFuming Ma, Jilin University, ChinaHang Ma, Shanghai University, ChinaValdemar Melicher, Ghent University, BelgiumGen Nakamura, Hokkaido University, JapanLong Tuan Nguyen, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, GermanyEtibar Panakhov, Firat University, TurkeyRobert Plato, University of Siegen, GermanyJean-Pierre Puel, The University of Tokyo, JapanHans-Jürgen Reinhardt, University of Siegen, GermanyMaxim Shishlenin, Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, RussiaIlya Silvestrov, Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, RussiaMourad Sini, Austrian Academy of Sciences, AustriaJán Sládek, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SlovakiaZhijun Tan, Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaQuan-Fang Wang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSARWenyan Wang, The University of Tokyo, JapanPihua Wen, Queen Mary, University of London, UKZhihai Xiang, Tsinghua University, ChinaXiang-Tuan Xiong, Northwest Normal University, ChinaDinghua Xu, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, ChinaYongzhi Steve Xu, University of Louisville, USAJiaqing Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaJian Zhang, Sichuan Normal University, ChinaYing Zhang, Fudan University, ChinaTing Zhou, University of Washington, USAJianxin Zhu, Zhejiang University, China Advisory BoardH Thomas Banks, North Carolina State University, USATony F Chan, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HKSARHeinz W Engl, Johannes Kepler Universitát Linz, AustriaRainer Kress, Georg-August-Universitát G�

Soil organic matter on citrus plantation in Eastern Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cerdà, Artemi; Pereira, Paulo; Novara, Agata; Prosdocimi, Massimo

2015-04-01

model (WATEM/SEDEM) in Northern Ethiopia. Land Degradation & Development 24, 188-204. DOI 10.1002/ldr.1121 Wu J., Li Q., Yan L. 1997. Effect of intercropping on soil erosion in young citrus plantation - a simulation study. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 8, 143-146. Wu, D.-M., Yu, Y.-C., Xia, L.-Z., Yin, S.-X., Yang, L.-Z. 2011. Soil fertility indices of citrus orchard land along topographic gradients in the three gorges area of China. Pedosphere 21, 782-792. Xu, Q. X., Wang, T. W., Cai, C. F., Li, Z. X., Shi, Z. H. 2012a. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation & Development, 23(1), 34-42. Xu, Q., Wang, T., Li, Z., Cai, C., Shi, Z., Jiang, C. 2010. Effect of soil conservation measurements on runoff, erosion and plant production: A case study on steeplands from the Three Gorges Area, China. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8, 980-984. Xu, Q.X., Wang, T.W., Cai, C.F., Li, Z.X., Shi, Z.H. 2012b. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation and Development 23, 34-42. Zhao, G., Mu, X., Wen, Z., Wang, F., Gao, P. 2013. Soil erosion, conservation, and eco-environment changes in the Loess Plateau of China. Land Degradation & Development, 24, 499- 510. DOI 10.1002/ldr.2246SP

EDITORIAL: Focus on Visualization in Physics FOCUS ON VISUALIZATION IN PHYSICS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanders, Barry C.; Senden, Tim; Springel, Volker

2008-12-01

the following features highlighting work in this collection and other novel uses of visualization techniques: 'A feast of visualization' Physics World December 2008 pp 20 23 'Seeing the quantum world' by Barry Sanders Physics World December 2008 pp 24 27 'A picture of the cosmos' by Mark SubbaRao and Miguel Aragon-Calvo Physics World December 2008 pp 29 32 'Thinking outside the cube' by César A Hidalgo Physics World December 2008 pp 34 37 Focus on Visualization in Physics Contents Visualization of spiral and scroll waves in simulated and experimental cardiac tissue E M Cherry and F H Fenton Visualization of large scale structure from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey M U SubbaRao, M A Aragón-Calvo, H W Chen, J M Quashnock, A S Szalay and D G York How computers can help us in creating an intuitive access to relativity Hanns Ruder, Daniel Weiskopf, Hans-Peter Nollert and Thomas Müller Lagrangian particle tracking in three dimensions via single-camera in-line digital holography Jiang Lu, Jacob P Fugal, Hansen Nordsiek, Ewe Wei Saw, Raymond A Shaw and Weidong Yang Quantifying spatial heterogeneity from images Andrew E Pomerantz and Yi-Qiao Song Disaggregation and scientific visualization of earthscapes considering trends and spatial dependence structures S Grunwald Strength through structure: visualization and local assessment of the trabecular bone structure C Räth, R Monetti, J Bauer, I Sidorenko, D Müller, M Matsuura, E-M Lochmüller, P Zysset and F Eckstein Thermonuclear supernovae: a multi-scale astrophysical problem challenging numerical simulations and visualization F K Röpke and R Bruckschen Visualization needs and techniques for astrophysical simulations W Kapferer and T Riser Flow visualization and field line advection in computational fluid dynamics: application to magnetic fields and turbulent flows Pablo Mininni, Ed Lee, Alan Norton and John Clyne Splotch: visualizing cosmological simulations K Dolag, M Reinecke, C Gheller and S Imboden Visualizing a silicon

PREFACE: XVth International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics (CALOR2012)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akchurin, Nural

2012-12-01

Livan, Pavia Univ. & INFN Pasquale Lubrano, INFN Perugia Steve Magill, ANL Amelia Maio, LIPP Lisbon Horst Oberlack, MPI Munich Adam Para, FNAL Klaus Pretzl, Univ. of Bern Yifang Wang, IHEP Beijing Richard Wigmans, TTU Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech Local Organizing Committee: Nural Akchurin, TTU Debra Boyce, TTU (Secretary) Xiadong Jiang, LANL Jon Kapustinsky, LANL Sung-Won Lee, TTU Sally Seidel, UNM Igor Volobouev, TTU Session Conveners: LHC I-III: David Barney (CERN) Ana Henriques (CERN) Sally Seidel (UNM) Calorimetry Techniques I-II: Francesca Tedaldi (ETH-Zurich) Tao Hu (IHEP-Beijing) Calorimetry Techniques III-IV: Craig Woody (BNL) Tohru Takeshita (Shinshu) Astrophysics and Neutrinos: Don Groom (LBNL) Steve Magill (ANL) Operating Calorimeters: Jordan Damgov (TTU) Gabriella Gaudio (INFN-Pavia) Frank Chlebana (FNAL) Algorithms and Simulations: Artur Apresyan (Caltech) Igor Volobouev (TTU) Front-end and Trigger: Chris Tully (Princeton) Kejun Zhu (IHEP-Beijing) Future Calorimetry: Michele Livan (Pavia Univ.) Frank Simon (MPI) Vishnu Zutshi (NICADD) List of Participants: ABOUZEID, Hass University of Toronto AKCHURIN, Nural Texas Tech University ANDEEN, Timothy Columbia University ANDERSON, Jake Fermilab APRESYAN, Artur California Institute of Technology AUFFRAY, Etiennette CERN BARILLARI, Teresa Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Physik BARNEY, David CERN BESSON, Dave University of Kansas BOYCE, Debra Texas Tech University BRUEL, Philippe LLR, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3 BUCHANAN, Norm Colorado State University CARLOGANU, Cristina LPC Clermont Ferrand / IN2P3 / CNRS CHEFDEVILLE, Maximilien CNRS/IN2P3/LAPP CHLEBANA, Frank Fermilab CLARK, Jonathan Texas Tech University CONDE MUINO, Patricia LIP-Lisboa COWDEN, Christopher Texas Tech University DA SILVA, Cesar Luiz Los Alamos National Lab DAMGOV, Jordan Texas Tech University DAVYGORA, Yuriy University of Heidelberg DEMERS, Sarah Yale University EIGEN, Gerald University of Bergen EUSEBI, Ricardo Texas A&M University FERRI, Federico CEA

EDITORIAL: Physical behaviour at the nanoscale: a model for fertile research Physical behaviour at the nanoscale: a model for fertile research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2013-06-01

that allow new ideas and a deepening understanding to take root. Over the last few decades nanoscale research has matured into a science with generally well understood principles, allowing technology companies to develop next-generation devices with functions that dwarf some of the most creative fancies of science fiction. Yet some of the greatest leaps of inspiration have come where observations tax the limits of what current theory can explain, forcing researchers to question and examine historic reasoning. As Di Ventra and Pershin demonstrate in this issue, current memristor research is proving very fertile ground for such questioning and examining, ultimately leading to a deepening understanding of the physical properties of these nanoscale systems. References [1] Di Ventra M and Pershin Y V 2013 On the physical properties of memristive, memcapacitive, and meminductive systems Nanotechnology 24 255201 [2] Miller R E and Shenoy V B 2000 Size-dependent elastic properties of nanosized structural elements Nanotechnology 11 139-47 [3] Buehler M J 2006 Nature designs tough collagen: explaining the nanostructure of collagen fibrils Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103 12285-90 [4] Keten S, Xu Z, Ihle B and Buehler M J 2010 Nanoconfinement controls stiffness, strength and mechanical toughness of B-sheet crystals in silk Nature Mater. 9 359-67 [5] Misewich J A, Martel R, Avouris Ph, Tsang J C, Heinze S and Tersoff J 2003 Electrically induced optical emission from a carbon nanotube FET Science 300 783-6 [6]Jiang H, Hu J, Gu F and Li C 2009 Stable field emission performance from urchin-like ZnO nanostructures Nanotechnology 20 055706 [7] Forbes R G 2012 Extraction of emission parameters for large-area field emitters, using a technically complete Fowler-Nordheim-type equation Nanotechnology 23 095706 [8] Chua L O 1971 Memristor—the missing circuit element IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 18 507-19 [9]Strukov D B, Snider G S, Stewart D R and Williams R S 2008 The missing memristor found

EDITORIAL: King of the elements? King of the elements?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2010-07-01

Nanotechnology 11 65-9 [8] Kim Y J, Ma H and Yu Q 2010 Nanotechnology 21 295703 [9] Pop E 2008 Nanotechnology 19 295202 [10] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V and Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666-9 [11] Zhang Y-H, Chen Y-B, Zhou K-G, Liu C-H, Zeng J, Zhang H-L and Peng Y 2009 Nanotechnology 20 185504 [12] Recher P and Trauzettel B 2010 Nanotechnology 21 302001 [13] Boudou J-P, Curmi P A, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, Aubert P, Sennour M, Balasubramanian G, Reuter R, Thorel A and Gaffet E 2009 Nanotechnology 20 235602 [14] Webster T J, Wald M C, McKenzie J L, Price R L and Ejiofor J U 2004 Nanotechnology 15 48-54

Extreme soil erosion rates in citrus slope plantations and control strategies. A literature review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cerdà, Artemi; Ángel González Peñaloza, Félix; Pereira, Paulo; Reyes Ruiz Gallardo, José; García Orenes, Fuensanta; Burguet, María

2013-04-01

orchard land along topographic gradients in the three gorges area of China. Pedosphere, 21 (6), 782-792. Xu, Q., Wang, T., Li, Z., Cai, C., Shi, Z., Jiang, C. 2010. Effect of soil conservation measurements on runoff, erosion and plant production: A case study on steeplands from the Three Gorges Area, China. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8 (3-4 PART 2), 980-984. Xu, Q.X., Wang, T.W., Cai, C.F., Li, Z.X., Shi, Z.H. 2012. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation and Development, 23 (1), 34-42.

PREFACE New developments in nanopore research—from fundamentals to applications New developments in nanopore research—from fundamentals to applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Albrecht, Tim; Edel, Joshua B.; Winterhalter, Mathias

2010-11-01

, Di Cao and Stuart Lindsay Probing DNA with micro- and nanocapillaries and optical tweezers L J Steinbock, O Otto, D R Skarstam, S Jahn, C Chimerel, J L Gornall and U F Keyser Fabrication of nanopores with embedded annular electrodes and transverse carbon nanotube electrodes Zhijun Jiang, Mirna Mihovilovic, Jason Chan and Derek Stein Fabrication and electrical characterization of a pore-cavity-pore device D Pedone, M Langecker, A M Münzer, R Wei, R D Nagel and U Rant Use of tunable nanopore blockade rates to investigate colloidal dispersions G R Willmott, R Vogel, S S C Yu, L G Groenewegen, G S Roberts, D Kozak, W Anderson and M Trau Facilitated translocation of polypeptides through a single nanopore Robert Bikwemu, Aaron J Wolfe, Xiangjun Xing and Liviu Movileanu Mechanistic insight into gramicidin-based detection of protein-ligand interactions via sensitized photoinactivation Tatyana I Rokitskaya, Michael X Macrae, Steven Blake, Natalya S Egorova, Elena A Kotova, Jerry Yang and Yuri N Antonenko Sequence-dependent unfolding kinetics of DNA hairpins studied by nanopore force spectroscopy Stephan Renner, Andrey Bessonov, Ulrich Gerland and Friedrich C Simmel Hydration properties of mechanosensitive channel pores define the energetics of gating A Anishkin, B Akitake, K Kamaraju, C-S Chiang and S Sukharev Dynamic translocation of ligand-complexed DNA through solid-state nanopores with optical tweezers Andy Sischka, Andre Spiering, Maryam Khaksar, Miriam Laxa, Janine König, Karl-Josef Dietz and Dario Anselmetti Force fluctuations assist nanopore unzipping of DNA V Viasnoff, N Chiaruttini, J Muzard and U Bockelmann Control and reversal of the electrophoretic force on DNA in a charged nanopore Binquan Luan and Aleksei Aksimentiev The properties of the outer membrane localized Lipid A transporter LptD Raimund Haarmann, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mara Stevanovic, Rolf Bredemeier and Enrico Schleiff Structural and dynamical properties of the porins OmpF and OmpC: insights from

PREFACE: 14th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces (Met & Props 2013)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Wei-En

2014-03-01

''. Besides the inspiring scientific arrangements, I encourage you to taste Taiwan's wonderful gourmet cuisine, and to explore the beauty of the sweet-potato-shaped island. I wish you a joyful, fruitful and memorable stay. Victor TY Lin, PhD Chairman Local Organizing Committee Met & Props 2013 International Programme Committee Professor Mohamed El Mansori (Arts et Metiers ParisTech, France) Professor H Zahouani (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France) Professor B-G Rosen (Halmstad University, Sweden) Professor Tom R Thomas (Halmstad University, Sweden) Professor Liam Blunt (University of Huddersfield, UK) Professor Richard Leach (National Physical Laboratory, UK) Professor Chris Brown (Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA) Dr Jia-Ruey Duann (Center for Measurement Standards, ITRI, Taiwan) International Scientific Committee Professor H Zahouani (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France) Dr Rolf Krüger-Sehm (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany) Professor Pawel Pawlus (Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland) Professor B-G Rosen (Halmstad University, Sweden) Professor Tom R Thomas (Halmstad University, Sweden) Professor Liam Blunt (University of Huddersfield, UK) Professor Derek Chetwynd (University of Warwick, UK) Professor Jane Jiang (University of Huddersfield, UK) Professor Richard Leach (National Physical Laboratory, UK) Professor Paul Scott (University of Huddersfield, UK) Dr Andrew Yacoot (National Physical Laboratory, UK) Professor Chris Brown (Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA) Dr Chris Evans (University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA) Professor Jay Raja (University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA) Dr Ted Vorburger (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA) Dr Andrew Baker (National Measurement Institute, Australia) Professor David Lee Butler (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) Dr Benny Cheung (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China) Professor Yetai Fei (Hefei University of Technology, China) Dr Kazuya Naoi (National Metrology Institute

EDITORIAL: Focus on Mechanical Systems at the Quantum Limit FOCUS ON MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AT THE QUANTUM LIMIT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aspelmeyer, Markus; Schwab, Keith

2008-09-01

progress was reported almost on a monthly basis and new groups entered the field. We intend to keep submission to this Focus Issue open for some time and invite everyone to share their latest results with us. And finally, a note to our fellow colleagues: keep up the good work! We would like to call the next Focus Issue 'Mechanical Systems IN the Quantum Regime'. Focus on Mechanical Systems at the Quantum Limit Contents Parametric coupling between macroscopic quantum resonators L Tian, M S Allman and R W Simmonds Quantum noise in a nanomechanical Duffing resonator E Babourina-Brooks, A Doherty and G J Milburn Creating and verifying a quantum superposition in a micro-optomechanical system Dustin Kleckner, Igor Pikovski, Evan Jeffrey, Luuk Ament, Eric Eliel, Jeroen van den Brink and Dirk Bouwmeester Ground-state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator via a Cooper-pair box qubit Konstanze Jaehne, Klemens Hammerer and Margareta Wallquist Dissipation in circuit quantum electrodynamics: lasing and cooling of a low-frequency oscillator Julian Hauss, Arkady Fedorov, Stephan André, Valentina Brosco, Carsten Hutter, Robin Kothari, Sunil Yeshwanth, Alexander Shnirman and Gerd Schön Route to ponderomotive entanglement of light via optically trapped mirrors Christopher Wipf, Thomas Corbitt, Yanbei Chen and Nergis Mavalvala Nanomechanical-resonator-assisted induced transparency in a Cooper-pair box system Xiao-Zhong Yuan, Hsi-Sheng Goan, Chien-Hung Lin, Ka-Di Zhu and Yi-Wen Jiang High-sensitivity monitoring of micromechanical vibration using optical whispering gallery mode resonators A Schliesser, G Anetsberger, R Rivière, O Arcizet and T J Kippenberg Optomechanical to mechanical entanglement transformation Giovanni Vacanti, Mauro Paternostro, G Massimo Palma and Vlatko Vedral The optomechanical instability in the quantum regime Max Ludwig, Björn Kubala and Florian Marquardt Quantum limits of photothermal and radiation pressure cooling of a movable mirror M Pinard and A Dantan

FOREWORD: Tackling inverse problems in a Banach space environment: from theory to applications Tackling inverse problems in a Banach space environment: from theory to applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schuster, Thomas; Hofmann, Bernd; Kaltenbacher, Barbara

2012-10-01

iterative method. A powerful tool for proving convergence rates of Tikhonov type but also other regularization methods in Banach spaces are assumptions of the type of variational inequalities that combine conditions on solution smoothness (i.e., source conditions in the Hilbert space case) and nonlinearity of the forward operator. In Parameter choice in Banach space regularization under variational inequalities, Bernd Hofmann and Peter Mathé provide results with general error measures and especially study the question of regularization parameter choice. Daijun Jiang, Hui Feng, and Jun Zou consider an application of Banach space ideas in the context of an application problem in their paper Convergence rates of Tikhonov regularizations for parameter identifiation in a parabolic-elliptic system, namely the identification of a distributed diffusion coefficient in a coupled elliptic-parabolic system. In particular, they show convergence rates of Lp-H1 (variational) regularization for the application under consideration via the use and verification of certain source and nonlinearity conditions. In computational practice, the Lp norm with p close to one is often used as a substitute for the actually sparsity promoting L1 norm. In Norm sensitivity of sparsity regularization with respect to p, Kamil S Kazimierski, Peter Maass and Robin Strehlow consider the question of how sensitive the Tikhonov regularized solution is with respect to p. They do so by computing the derivative via the implicit function theorem, particularly at the crucial value, p=1. Another iterative regularization method in Banach space is considered by Qinian Jin and Linda Stals in Nonstationary iterated Tikhonov regularization for ill-posed problems in Banach spaces. Using a variational formulation and under some smoothness and convexity assumption on the preimage space, they extend the convergence analysis of the well-known iterative Tikhonov method for linear problems in Hilbert space to a more general Banach

Reconciling late Quaternary transgressions in the Bohai Sea, China to the global sea level changes, and new linkage of sedimentary records to three astronomical rhythms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Liang

2013-04-01

Terminations. Science 326, 248-252. Ding, Z.L., Yu, Z.W., Rutter, N.W., Liu, T.S., 1994. Towards an orbital time scale for chinese loess deposits. Quaternary Science Reviews 13, 39-70. IOCAS (Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1985. Bohai Sea Geology. Science Press, Beijing, China. Liu, T., 2009. Loess and Arid Environment. Anhui Science & Techonology Press, Hefei, China. Wang, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., An, Z., Wu, J., Chen, C.-C., Dorale, J.A., 2001. A High-Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294, 2345-2348. Wang, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Kong, X., Shao, X., Chen, S., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Wang, X., An, Z., 2008. Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451, 1090-1093. Yi, L., Yu, H., Ortiz, J.D., Xu, X., Chen, S., Ge, J., Hao, Q., Yao, J., Shi, X., Peng, S., 2012a. Late Quaternary linkage of sedimentary records to three astronomical rhythms and the Asian monsoon, inferred from a coastal borehole in the south Bohai Sea, China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 329-310, 101-117. Yi, L., Lai, Z.P., Yu, H.J., Xu, X.Y., Su, Q., Yao, J., Wang, X.L., Shi, X., 2012b. Chronologies of sedimentary changes in the south Bohai Sea, China: Constraints from luminescence and radiocarbon dating. Boreas, doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00271.x. Yi, L., Yu, H.J., Ortiz, J.D., Xu, X.Y., Qiang, X.K., Huang, H.J., Shi, X., Deng, C.L., 2012c. A reconstruction of late Pleistocene relative sea level in the south Bohai Sea, China, based on sediment grain-size analysis. Sedimentary Geology 281, 88-100. Zhao, S., Yang, G., Cang, S., Zhang, H., Huang, Q., Xia, D., Wang, Y., Liu, F., Liu, C., 1978. Transgression's stratas and shoreline changes in the south coast of Bohai Bay, China. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 9, 15-25.

EDITORIAL: Multitasking in nanotechnology Multitasking in nanotechnology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demming, Anna

2013-06-01

of myocardial infarct: MR antibody imaging Radiology 182 381-5 [4] Kirui D K, Rey D A and Batt C A 2010 Gold hybrid nanoparticles for targeted phototherapy and cancer imaging Nanotechnology 21 105105 [5] Villanueva A, Cãete M, Roca A G, Calero M, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, Serna C J, Del Puerto Morales M and Miranda R 2009 The influence of surface functionalization on the enhanced internalization of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer cells Nanotechnology 20 115103 [6]Theil Hansen L, Kühle A, Sørensen A H, Bohr J and Lindelof P E 1998 A technique for positioning nanoparticles using an atomic force microscope Nanotechnology 9 337-42 [7] Lu X, Yu M, Huang H and Ruoff R S 1999 Tailoring graphite with the goal of achieving single sheets Nanotechnology 10 269-72 [8] Baur C et al 1998 Nanoparticle manipulation by mechanical pushing: underlying phenomena and real-time monitoring Nanotechnology 9 360-4 [9] Ando T 2012 High-speed atomic force microscopy coming of age Nanotechnology 23 062001 [10] Romano G, Mantini G, Carlo A D, D'Amico A, Falconi C and Wang Z L 2011 Piezoelectric potential in vertically aligned nanowires for high output nanogenerators Nanotechnology 22 465401 [11] Yu A, Zhao Y, Jiang P and Wang Z L 2013 A nanogenerator as a self-powered sensor for measuring the vibration spectrum of a drum membrane Nanotechnology 24 055501 [12] When Art Meets Science: Exhibition of Artwork by Frédérique Swist http://www.at-bristol.org.uk/159.html

China (CNSA) views of the Moon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, S.

China's lunar objectives have widely attracted the world's attention since China National Space Administration (CNSA) chief Luan Enjie in October 2000 officially affirmed the nation plans to carry out lunar exploration. The success of the Shenzhou-3 mission last April, which indicates that China is on the eve to become the third nation to attain an independent ability to launch humans into space, coupled with Chinese president Jiang Zemin's announcement issued immediately after the launch of SZ-3 that China will develop its own space station, further prompted the mass media in the West to ponder whether "the next footsteps on the Moon will be Chinese." Although China's lunar intention is well publicized, no detail about the project has yet been unveiled in the Western space media because China's space program has been notoriously cloaked in state-imposed secrecy, while the available information is basically unreported by Western observers mainly due to the cultural and language barriers. Based on original research of both the unpublished documents as well as reports in China's space media and professional journals, this paper attempts to piece together the available material gathered from China, providing some insight into China's Moon project, and analyzing the Chinese activities in pursuit of their lunar dream in perspective of space policy. Motivations China's presence on the Moon, in the Chinese leadership's view, could help aggrandize China's international prestige and consolidate the cohesion of the Chinese nation. Lunar exploration, the science community consents, not only helps acquire knowledge about the Moon, but also deepen the understanding of the Earth. A lunar project is believed to be able to accelerate the development of launching and navigating technologies, preparing for future deep space exploration. The emergence of the return to the Moon movement in the world, and the presumption that NASA has plans to return to the Moon, as evidenced by

Recent advances in oesophageal diseases.

PubMed

Al Dulaimi, David

2014-01-01

Dong Y, Qi B, Feng XY, Jiang CM. Meta-analysis of Barrett's esophagus in China. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19(46):8770-8779 The disease pattern of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in China is poorly characterised particularly in comparison with other developed countries. This meta-analysis of 3873 cases of BE collated from 69 clinical studies conducted in 25 provinces between 2000 and 2011 investigated the epidemiology and characteristics of BE in China compared to Western countries. The total endoscopic detection rate of BE was 1.0% (95%CI: 0.1%-1.8%) with an average patient age of 49.07 ± 5.09 years, lower than many Western countries.The authors postulate this may be attributed to environmental risk factor variation, distinct genetics and different medical practice including diagnostic criteria for BE and expertise in endoscopy. This study identified a 1.781 male predominancefor BE in China, consistent with Western reports. Short-segment BE accounted for 80.3% of cases with island type and cardiac type the most common endoscopic (44.8%) and histological (40.0%) manifestations respectively. Of the 1283 BE cases followed up for three to 36 months the incidence of esophageal cancer was 1.418 per 1000 person-years, lower than the incidence reported in Western countries. Lee HS, Jeon SW. Barrett esophagus in Asia: same disease with different pattern. ClinEndosc 2014;47(1):15-22 Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a common, pre-cancerous condition characterised by intestinal metaplasia of squamous esophageal epithelium usually attributed to chronic gastric acid exposure. This review article explores important differences in the disease pattern of BE between Asian and the Western countries. Overall the prevalence of BE is lower in Asia compared to the West with a greater proportion of short-segment type. The authors identify great variability in the endoscopic and pathologic diagnostic criteria for BE. Many of the studies in Asian countries did not use a standardised four

Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dainty, Christopher

2008-01-01

pt. 1. Wavefront correctors and control. Liquid crystal lenses for correction of presbyopia (Invited Paper) / Guoqiang Li and Nasser Peyghambarian. Converging and diverging liquid crystal lenses (oral paper) / Andrew X. Kirby, Philip J. W. Hands, and Gordon D. Love. Liquid lens technology for miniature imaging systems: status of the technology, performance of existing products and future trends (invited paper) / Bruno Berge. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer deformable mirrors for high energy laser applications (oral paper) / S. R. Restaino ... [et al.]. Tiny multilayer deformable mirrors (oral paper) / Tatiana Cherezova ... [et al.]. Performance analysis of piezoelectric deformable mirrors (oral paper) / Oleg Soloviev, Mikhail Loktev and Gleb Vdovin. Deformable membrane mirror with high actuator density and distributed control (oral paper) / Roger Hamelinck ... [et al.]. Characterization and closed-loop demonstration of a novel electrostatic membrane mirror using COTS membranes (oral paper) / David Dayton ... [et al.]. Electrostatic micro-deformable mirror based on polymer materials (oral paper) / Frederic Zamkotsian ... [et al.]. Recent progress in CMOS integrated MEMS A0 mirror development (oral paper) / A. Gehner ... [et al.]. Compact large-stroke piston-tip-tilt actuator and mirror (oral paper) / W. Noell ... [et al.]. MEMS deformable mirrors for high performance AO applications (oral paper) / Paul Bierden, Thomas Bifano and Steven Cornelissen. A versatile interferometric test-rig for the investigation and evaluation of ophthalmic AO systems (poster paper) / Steve Gruppetta, Jiang Jian Zhong and Luis Diaz-Santana. Woofer-tweeter adaptive optics (poster paper) / Thomas Farrell and Chris Dainty. Deformable mirrors based on transversal piezoeffect (poster paper) / Gleb Vdovin, Mikhail Loktev and Oleg Soloviev. Low-cost spatial light modulators for ophthalmic applications (poster paper) / Vincente Durán ... [et al.]. Latest MEMS DM developments and the path ahead

IN MEMORIAM: Hermann Anton Haus, 1925 2003

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2004-08-01

of oscillation IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-2 190-5 [6] Dorschner T A , Haus H A, Holz M, Smith I W and Statz H 1980 Laser gyro at quantum limit IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16 1376-9 [7] Imoto N, Haus H A and Yamamoto Y 1985 Quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon number via the optical Kerr effect Phys. Rev. A 32 2287-92 [8] Gordon J P and Haus H A 1986 Random walk of coherently amplified solitons in optical fiber transmission Opt. Lett. 11 665-7 [9] Shirasaki M and Haus H A 1990 Squeezing of pulses in a nonlinear interferometer J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7 30-4 [10] Haus H A and Lai Y 1990 Quantum theory of soliton squeezing: a linearized approach J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7 386-92 [11] Wong W S, Haus H A, Jiang L A, Hansen P B and Margalit M 1998 Photon statistics of amplified spontaneous emission noise in a 10-Gbit/s optically preamplified direct-detection receiver Opt. Lett. 23 1832-34 [12] Haus H A 2000 Noise figure definition valid from RF to optical frequencies IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 6 240-7 [13] Haus H A 2000 Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements (Berlin: Springer)

The use of straw mulch as a strategy to prevent extreme soil erosion rates in citrus orchard. A Rainfall simulation approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cerdà, Artemi; Giménez-Morera, Antonio; Jordán, Antonio; Pereira, Paulo; Novara, Agata; García-Orenes, Fuensanta

2014-05-01

. Catena 105, 75-92. Robichaud, P.R., Wagenbrenner, J.W., Lewis, S.A., Ashmun, L.E., Brown, R.E., Wohlgemuth, P.M. 2013b. Post-fire mulching for runoff and erosion mitigation. Part II: Effectiveness in reducing runoff and sediment yields from small catchments. Catena 105, 93-111. Silvestre, G., Gómez, M.P., Pascual, A., Ruiz, B. 2013. Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with rice straw: Economic & energy feasibility. Water Science and Technology 67, 745-755 Wang, L., Tang, L., Wang, X., Chen, F. 2010. Effects of alley crop planting on soil and nutrient losses in the citrus orchards of the Three Gorges Region. Soil and Tillage Research 110, 243-250. Wu J., Li Q., Yan L. 1997. Effect of intercropping on soil erosion in young citrus plantation - a simulation study. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 8, 143-146. Wu, D.-M., Yu, Y.-C., Xia, L.-Z., Yin, S.-X., Yang, L.-Z. 2011. Soil fertility indices of citrus orchard land along topographic gradients in the three gorges area of China. Pedosphere 21, 782-792. Xu, Q., Wang, T., Li, Z., Cai, C., Shi, Z., Jiang, C. 2010. Effect of soil conservation measurements on runoff, erosion and plant production: A case study on steeplands from the Three Gorges Area, China. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8, 980-984. Xu, Q.X., Wang, T.W., Cai, C.F., Li, Z.X., Shi, Z.H. 2012. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation and Development 23, 34-42. Zhao, G., Mu, X., Wen, Z., Wang, F., Gao, P. 2013. Soil erosion, conservation, and eco-environment changes in the Loess Plateau of China. Land Degradation & Development, 24, 499- 510. DOI 10.1002/ldr.2246SP

EDITORIAL: Focus on Iron-Based Superconductors FOCUS ON IRON-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosono, Hideo; Ren, Zhi-An

2009-02-01

Tegel, Inga Schellenberg, Falko M Schappacher, Rainer Pöttgen, Joachim Deisenhofer, Axel Günther, Florian Schrettle, Alois Loidl and Dirk Johrendt The superconductor KxSr1-xFe2As2: normal state and superconducting properties B Lv, M Gooch, B Lorenz, F Chen, A M Guloy and C W Chu Effect of 3d transition metal doping on the superconductivity in quaternary fluoroarsenide CaFeAsF Satoru Matsuishi, Yasunori Inoue, Takatoshi Nomura, Youichi Kamihara, Masahiro Hirano and Hideo Hosono Influence of the rare-earth element on the effects of the structural and magnetic phase transitions in CeFeAsO, PrFeAsO and NdFeAsO Michael A McGuire, Raphaël P Hermann, Athena S Sefat, Brian C Sales, Rongying Jin, David Mandrus, Fernande Grandjean and Gary J Long Heat capacity measurements on FeAs-based compounds: a thermodynamic probe of electronic and magnetic states P J Baker, S R Giblin, F L Pratt, R H Liu, G Wu, X H Chen, M J Pitcher, D R Parker, S J Clarke and S J Blundell Spin fluctuations, interband coupling and unconventional pairing in iron-based superconductors Zi-Jian Yao, Jian-Xin Li and Z D Wang Superconductivity induced by Ni doping in BaFe2As2 single crystals L J Li, Y K Luo, Q B Wang, H Chen, Z Ren, Q Tao, Y K Li, X Lin, M He, Z W Zhu, G H Cao and Z A Xu Metamagnetic transition in EuFe2As2 single crystals Shuai Jiang, Yongkang Luo, Zhi Ren, Zengwei Zhu, Cao Wang, Xiangfan Xu, Qian Tao, Guanghan Cao and Zhu'an Xu Pressure dependence of the thermoelectric power of the iron-based high-Tc superconductor SmFeAsO0.85 N Kang, P Auban-Senzier, C R Pasquier, Z A Ren, J Yang, G C Che and Z X Zhao Superconductivity in some heavy rare-earth iron arsenide REFeAsO1-δ (RE = Ho, Y, Dy and Tb) compounds Jie Yang, Xiao-Li Shen, Wei Lu, Wei Yi, Zheng-Cai Li, Zhi-An Ren, Guang-Can Che, Xiao-Li Dong, Li-Ling Sun, Fang Zhou and Zhong-Xian Zhao The delicate electronic and magnetic structure of the LaFePnO system (Pn = pnicogen) S Lebègue, Z P Yin and W E Pickett

The barley straw residues avoid high erosion rates in persimmon plantations. Eastern Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cerdà, Artemi; González Pelayo, Óscar; Giménez-Morera, Antonio; Jordán, Antonio; Novara, Agata; Pereira, Paulo; Mataix-Solera, Jorge

2015-04-01

contamined soils using phosphogypsum and rice straw compost. Land Degradation & Development. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2288 Meginnis, H. G. 1935. Influence of forest litter on surface run-off and soil erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 16(2001), 115-118. Robichaud, P.R., Lewis, S.A., Wagenbrenner, J.W., Ashmun, L.E., Brown, R.E. 2013a. Post-fire mulching for runoff and erosion mitigation. Part I: Effectiveness at reducing hillslope erosion rates. Catena 105, 75-92. Robichaud, P.R., Wagenbrenner, J.W., Lewis, S.A., Ashmun, L.E., Brown, R.E., Wohlgemuth, P.M. 2013b. Post-fire mulching for runoff and erosion mitigation. Part II: Effectiveness in reducing runoff and sediment yields from small catchments. Catena 105, 93-111. Tejada M. Benítez, C. 2014. Effects of crushed maize Straw residues on soil biological properties and soil restoration. Land Degradation and Development, 25, 501-509. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2316 Wu J., Li Q., Yan L. 1997. Effect of intercropping on soil erosion in young citrus plantation - a simulation study. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 8, 143-146. Wu, D.-M., Yu, Y.-C., Xia, L.-Z., Yin, S.-X., Yang, L.-Z. 2011. Soil fertility indices of citrus orchard land along topographic gradients in the three gorges area of China. Pedosphere 21, 782-792. Xu, Q. X., Wang, T. W., Cai, C. F., Li, Z. X., Shi, Z. H. 2012. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation & Development, 23(1), 34-42. Xu, Q., Wang, T., Li, Z., Cai, C., Shi, Z., Jiang, C. 2010. Effect of soil conservation measurements on runoff, erosion and plant production: A case study on steeplands from the Three Gorges Area, China. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8, 980-984. Xu, Q.X., Wang, T.W., Cai, C.F., Li, Z.X., Shi, Z.H. 2012. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation and Development 23, 34-42. Zhao, G., Mu, X., Wen, Z., Wang, F., Gao, P. 2013

Editorial . Quantum fluctuations and coherence in optical and atomic structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eschner, Jürgen; Gatti, Alessandra; Maître, Agnès; Morigi, Giovanna

2003-03-01

. In this context, the contribution by Eschner discusses a single trapped atom probing an optical field and shows that the quantum noise in the atomic motion poses the ultimate limit to the achievable resolution. Recently, it was recognized that quantum noise affects also our ability to resolve an optical image or to detect a small displacement of an optical beam. Properly synthesized multi-mode quantum states are able to circumvent the quantum noise limit and to improve our resolution capabilities in measuring beam displacements. The paper by Barnett et al. shows the similarities between longitudinal phase shifts and transverse beam displacements measurements. Like in interferometry, the sensitivity in the transverse displacement measurement is ultimately limited by the quantum nature of light and can be improved by the use of specific non classical states. The problem of realizing a multi-mode squeezed state is addressed by the paper of Petsas et al. It discusses a realistic implementation of parametric down-conversion in a confocal cavity, able to produce a significant amount of squeezing in small portions of the signal beam cross section. Quantum imaging with macroscopic light beams is a rather new subject of investigation, which represents a non-trivial challenge from the point of view of experimental implementations. One of the main problems is posed by detectors, which should be able to resolve the spatial features of the detected beam with a sensitivity in the photon number measurement beyond the shot noise level. The calibrated CCD camera developed by Jiang et al. makes it possible to get rid of electronic noise or spatial inhomogeneities, a.ecting most of the spatially resolved detectors, and allows the retrieval of spatial shot noise in its full dynamic range. We hope that this special issue helps stimulating further collaborations and fruitful scientific exchange between and beyond the presented fields. We would like to thank the authors for their

AAS 228: Day 1 morning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-06-01

a broken space telescope!103: Galaxies Big and Small (by Ben Cook)This session (one of the first parallel sessions of the conference) included a variety of presentations studying galaxies, primarily using observations but ending with a unique purely analytical study. Stephen McNeil began the session by discussing a survey looking for dwarf galaxies in voids the most empty spaces in the universe. Candidate objects can be looked for using a smart choice of photometric color bands, but more work is ongoing to confirm the locations of (and distances to) the objects with spectroscopy.Aaron Romanowsky gave an overview of the field of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies, a new class of galaxies only discovered within the last 2 years. Some of these galaxies are as large as the Milky Way and seem to have almost as much dark matter, but they contain 1000x fewer stars.A high-redshift galaxy which is gravitationally lensed by a large cluster is shown to the left. The right image shows how big it would look without the magnification. [Slide by Greg Walsh]Greg Walsh presented a longer dissertation presentation on his work observing dusty star-forming galaxies. One of the best tools for this job is using galaxy clusters as gravitational lenses to help magnify very distant galaxies.Tianxing Jiang showed a variety of observations and simulations that suggest that the level star formation in a galaxy may have to do with the amount of gas pressure, and Aaron Barth showed new measurements of the masses of Super Massive Black Holes using radio measurements. Barth argues that the key to getting good (10%) accuracy is having very high spatial-resolution.Bill Forman discussed how many galaxies have extremely hot, ionized gas surrounding them, and Bruce Rout argued that dark matter may not be necessary to explain the rotation curves of galaxies; a complicated analytical model using general relativity can do the job without any dark matter at all.Press Conference: Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs (by Susanna