Stellar and laboratory XUV/EUV line ratios in Fe XVIII and Fe XIX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Traebert, E.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Clementson, J.

2012-05-25

A so-called XUV excess has been suspected with the relative fluxes of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX lines observed in the XUV and EUV ranges of the spectrum of the star Capella as observed by the Chandra spacecraft, even after correction for interstellar absorption. This excess becomes apparent in the comparison of the observations with simulations of stellar spectra obtained using collisional-radiative models that employ, for example, the Atomic Plasma Emission Code (APEC) or the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). We have addressed this problem by laboratory studies using the Livermore electron beam ion trap (EBIT).

Atomic and electronic structure of Mo6S9-xIx nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meden, A.; Kodre, A.; Padeznik Gomilsek, J.; Arcon, I.; Vilfan, I.; Vrbanic, D.; Mrzel, A.; Mihailovic, D.

2005-09-01

Moybdenum-based subnanometre diameter nanowires are easy to synthesize and disperse, and they exhibit a variety of functional properties in which they are superior to other one-dimensional materials. However, further progress in the understanding of physical properties and the development of new and specific applications have so far been impeded by the fact that their structure was not accurately known. Here we report on a combination of systematic x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure experiments, and first-principles theoretical structure calculations, which are used to determine the atomic skeletal structure of individual Mo6S9-xIx (MoSIx) nanowires, their packing arrangement within bundles and their electronic band structure. From this work we conclude that the variations in functional properties appear to arise from different stoichiometry, not skeletal structure. A supplementary data file is available from http://stacks.iop.org/0957-4484/16/1578

Derivation of ionization balance for calcium XVIII/XIX using XRP solar X-ray data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonucci, E.; Gabriel, A. H.; Doyle, J. G.; Dubau, J.; Faucher, P.; Jordan, C.; Veck, N.

1984-04-01

Spectra of calcium from solar flares are used in an attempt to derive an ionization balance for Ca XVIII/Ca XIX. The isothermal assumption inherent in this derivation is shown not to introduce errors, by modelling a number of hypothetical nonisothermal plasmas. The unresolved blend of calcium and argon lines prevents a definitive determination of the results, owing to uncertainties in the ratio of abundances of these elements. The resulting ionization balance curves are presented as a function of the solar argon/calcium abundance ratio. The theoretical ionization balance of Doyle and Raymond is consistent with the data. To within the expected accuracy of the atomic theories, there is no reason to assume that the flare plasma is other than close to steady-state ionization balance.

[School museums, collections, and elementary teaching of the natural sciences in late XIX century Argentina].

PubMed

García, Susana V

2007-01-01

In this study we analyze the organization of natural science teaching within the Argentinian school context starting with teaching practices and material support in the late XIX century. By that time, school staff and teachers fostered modernization and nationalization of teaching by using collections with national issues and the foundation of museums within the schools. In particular, we examine the official debates over the mineralogical collections offered for sale by the naturalist Enrique de Carlés, and the "school museums" by professors Pedro Scalabrini and Guillermo Navarro. These account for the tension between searching for modern didactic materials associated with foreign models, and the importance of counting on elements that represented the country nature and industry.

Hg diffusion in books of XVIII and XIX centuries by synchrotron microprobe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pessanha, S.; Carvalho, M. L.; Manso, M.; Guilherme, A.; Marques, A. F.; Perez, C. A.

2009-08-01

The pigment vermilion (HgS) was used to color the fore edge, tail and head of books. Dissemination and quantification of Hg present in the ink used to color books from XVIII and XIX centuries are reported. Mercury is a very toxic element for the human body, therefore it is extremely important to know whether Hg tends to disseminate throughout the paper or stays confined to the borders of the books with less danger for readers. Synchrotron X-ray microprobe was used to evaluate Hg dissemination from the border to the centre of the paper sheet. The diffusion pattern of Hg was compared with the results obtained by a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and mean quantitative calculations were obtained by a stationary X-ray fluorescence system with triaxial geometry. The results showed high concentrations of Hg in the external regions, but no diffusion was observed for the inner parts of the paper.

Improved excitation rate coefficients for the n = 2 and n = 3 levels of Ca XIX and Fe XXV including fine structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pradhan, A. K.

1985-01-01

Reently calculated collision strengths, including relativistic and resonance effects, are employed to compute Maxwellian averaged collision strengths for 78 transitions involving states of principal quantum numbers 2-1 and 3-1 in Ca XIX and Fe XXV. These rate parameters are tabulated at temperatures of interest in astrophysical and labortory plasmas with radiation in the hard X-ray wavelength range. For some transitions, significant differences are found with the earlier calculations of Pradhan, Norcross, and Hummer (1981).

Unique Conformation in a Natural Interruption Sequence of Type XIX Collagen Revealed by Its High-Resolution Crystal Structure.

PubMed

Xu, Tingting; Zhou, Cong-Zhao; Xiao, Jianxi; Liu, Jinsong

2018-02-20

Naturally occurring interruptions in nonfibrillar collagen play key roles in molecular flexibility, collagen degradation, and ligand binding. The structural feature of the interruption sequences and the molecular basis for their functions have not been well studied. Here, we focused on a G5G type natural interruption sequence G-POALO-G from human type XIX collagen, a homotrimer collagen, as this sequence possesses distinct properties compared with those of a pathological similar Gly mutation sequence in collagen mimic peptides. We determined the crystal structures of the host-guest peptide (GPO) 3 -GPOALO-(GPO) 4 to 1.03 Å resolution in two crystal forms. In these structures, the interruption zone brings localized disruptions to the triple helix and introduces a light 6-8° bend with the same directional preference to the whole molecule, which may correspond structurally to the first physiological kink site in type XIX collagen. Furthermore, at the G5G interruption site, the presence of Ala and Leu residues, both with free N-H groups, allows the formation of more direct and water-mediated interchain hydrogen bonds than in the related Gly → Ala structure. These could partly explain the difference in thermal stability between the different interruptions. In addition, our structures provide a detailed view of the dynamic property of such an interrupted zone with respect to hydrogen bonding topology, torsion angles, and helical parameters. Our results, for the first time, also identified the binding of zinc to the end of the triple helix. These findings will shed light on how the interruption sequence influences the conformation of the collagen molecule and provide a structural basis for further functional studies.

The agricultural features of Nizhegorodskaya gubernia (province) in the XIX century

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirillova, Vasilisa

2017-04-01

One of the main conditions for the sustainable development of any country is the food security of the population, based on the development of agriculture. This condition can be realized through the efficient use of the productive capacity of agriculture, and above all natural resources. From 1882 to 1887 in the Nizhegorodskaya gubernia (province) complex physiographic (landscape) researches were conducted by V.V. Dokuchaev and his followers. This investigation was focused on studying the relationship between the soils and the environment, having no parallel either in Russia or abroad, and received evaluation of the soils was the first experience of such a scale and nature. Reports of the expedition were presented in 14 volumes on the natural science of the study, and 11 volumes of economic statistics. Natural science volume includes descriptions of irrigation and hydrography, geology, soil and vegetation in uezds (districts). Economic volume represent a set of common data on the situation of the peasant economy, they contain information about the number of arable land, including fertilized, hayfields, forests, manure stocks, livestock, harvest volumes, proportions of cultivated crops. The aim of this research was to study the list and structure of crops cultivated in the Nizhegorodskaya gubernia in the XIX century and their compliance with the soil and climatic conditions. From the materials of the expedition reports for the eight districts of the Nizhegorodskaya gubernia was compiled a list of crops and crop area information which was introduced in the GIS (MapInfo). Geographic information systems were used to visualize the collected material in the form of maps, cartograms and charts. For the conformity assessment of soil and climatic conditions of the studied area of selected crops a map "Agricultural zoning of Russia for optimal crop growing" by I.I. Karmanov and D.S. Bulgakov (National Soil Atlas, 2011) was applied. According to this map the Nizhegorodskaya

Mammalian and avian embryology at Warsaw University (Poland) from XIX century to the present.

PubMed

Tarkowski, Andrzej K; Maleszewski, Marek; Rogulska, Teresa; Ciemerych, Maria A; Borsuk, Ewa

2008-01-01

In this article, we describe the history (between the XIX century and World War II) of embryological research conducted at Warsaw University, together with current research activities being carried out at the Department of Embryology. During the partition of Poland, the Imperial (Russian) Warsaw University conducted research on avian embryology (and to a smaller extent, on reptilian embryology). When Poland regained independence in 1918, these studies were continued under the Chair of Comparative Anatomy headed by Professor Jan Tur. A new Department of Embryology created in 1954 was first headed by Professor Stanislaw Bilewicz and since 1964 by Professor Andrzej Tarkowski, who in 2003 was succeeded by Dr. Marek Maleszewski D.Sc. During the last 45 years, embryological research at Warsaw University has concentrated mainly on mammalian development with special emphasis on the regulative capabilities of early embryos and also on experimental chimaeras, nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in oogenesis and early embryogenesis (including regulation of DNA replication and transcription), experimental parthenogenesis and fertilization.

[Entertainment and social life in Druskienniki in the middle of the XIX century].

PubMed

Kierzek, Andrzej

2007-01-01

The geographical, climatic and epidemiological situation of Druskienniki, a health resort founded in 1837, has been mentioned at the beginning. The development of the health resort in the middle of the XIX century as well as a physician and chemist, Ignacy Fonberg's role (1801-1891), has been recounted. The physicians Ksawery Wolfgang (?-1864), Jan Pilecki (1821-1878) and Walery Bujakowski (1857-1919) and local rich gentry played an important role in the development of Druskienniki. The physician was the most esteemed personage of this health resort. The medical indications and contraindications in Druskienniki have been reported. Many diseases were treated in this health resort. The scale of medical indications was wide. The guests list in Druskienniki in 1845 is mentioned. The curative season persisted from May until October. "The letters from Druskieniki to friend" published in 1844-1845 in the magazine "Ondyna Druskienickich Zródeł" contained interested descriptions of social life and entertainments in this health resort. The balls, teas, theatrical spectacles, concerts and other attractions were analyzed widely. Theatrical spectacles with the participation of talented performers especially from Vilnius and Grodno were very attractive.

Accurate Wavelength Measurements and Modeling of Fe XV to Fe XIX Spectra Recorded in High-Density Plasmas between 13.5 and 17 Å

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

May, M. J.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Dunn, J.; Jordan, N.; Hansen, S. B.; Osterheld, A. L.; Faenov, A. Ya.; Pikuz, T. A.; Skobelev, I. Yu.; Flora, F.; Bollanti, S.; Di Lazzaro, P.; Murra, D.; Reale, A.; Reale, L.; Tomassetti, G.; Ritucci, A.; Francucci, M.; Martellucci, S.; Petrocelli, G.

2005-06-01

Iron spectra have been recorded from plasmas created at three different laser plasma facilities: the Tor Vergata University laser in Rome (Italy), the Hercules laser at ENEA in Frascati (Italy), and the Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser at LLNL in California (USA). The measurements provide a means of identifying dielectronic satellite lines from Fe XVI and Fe XV in the vicinity of the strong 2p-->3d transitions of Fe XVII. About 80 Δn>=1 lines of Fe XV (Mg-like) to Fe XIX (O-like) were recorded between 13.8 and 17.1 Å with a high spectral resolution (λ/Δλ~4000) about 30 of these lines are from Fe XVI and Fe XV. The laser-produced plasmas had electron temperatures between 100 and 500 eV and electron densities between 1020 and 1022 cm-3. The Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC) was used to calculate the atomic structure and atomic rates for Fe XV-XIX. HULLAC was used to calculate synthetic line intensities at Te=200 eV and ne=1021 cm-3 for three different conditions to illustrate the role of opacity: optically thin plasmas with no excitation-autoionization/dielectronic recombination (EA/DR) contributions to the line intensities, optically thin plasmas that included EA/DR contributions to the line intensities, and optically thick plasmas (optical depth ~200 μm) that included EA/DR contributions to the line intensities. The optically thick simulation best reproduced the recorded spectrum from the Hercules laser. However, some discrepancies between the modeling and the recorded spectra remain.

[THE IMPROVEMENT OF CITIES AND SANITARY CONTROL IN RUSSIA IN LATE XIX--EARLY XX CENTURIES].

PubMed

Sherstneva, E V

2015-01-01

The article considers activity of municipal self-governments of Russia concerning support of sanitary epidemiological well-being of cities in the late XIX--early XX centuries. The acuteness of problem of sanitary conditions of urban settlements particularly became visible in post-reform period due to increasing of number of urban population, alteration of setup and rhythm of life in cities, appearance of new forms of worker's daily chores. Al this, against the background of underdevelopment of communal sphere aggravated epidemiological situation in cities. The impulse to improvement and development of sanitary control was made by the city regulations of 1870 presenting to town authorities the right to deal with sanitary issues. The significant input into improvement of cities was made first of all at the expense of construction of water supplies and sewerage and support of sanitary control of these spheres of municipal economy. Under town councils of many cities the sanitary commissions were organized to support permanent sanitary control in town. The development of town sanitation followed the way of specialization. The housing and communal, trade and food, school and sanitary and sanitary and veterinary control were organized.

Accurate wavelength measurements and modeling of FeXV to FeXIX spectra recorded in high density plasmas between 13.5 to 17 A.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

May, M; Beiersdorfer, P; Dunn, J

Iron spectra have been recorded from plasmas created at three different laser plasma facilities, the Tor Vergata University laser in Rome (Italy), the Hercules laser at ENEA in Frascati (Italy), and the Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser at LLNL in California (USA). The measurements provide a means of identifying dielectronic satellite lines from FeXVI and FeXV in the vicinity of the strong 2p {yields} 3d transitions of FeXVII. About 80 {Delta}n {ge} 1 lines of FeXV (Mg-like) to FeXIX (O-like) were recorded between 13.8 to 17.1 {angstrom} with a high spectral resolution ({lambda}/{Delta}{lambda} {approx} 4000), about thirty of these linesmore » are from FeXVI and FeXV. The laser produced plasmas had electron temperatures between 100 to 500 eV and electron densities between 10{sup 20} to 10{sup 22} cm{sup -3}. The Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC) was used to calculate the atomic structure and atomic rates for FeXV to FeXIX. HULLAC was used to calculate synthetic line intensities at T{sub e} = 200 eV and n{sub e} = 10{sup 21}cm{sup -3} for three different conditions to illustrate the role of opacity: optically thin plasmas with no excitation-autoionization/dielectronic recombination (EA/DR) contributions to the line intensities, optically thin plasmas that included EA/DR contributions to the line intensities, and optically thick plasmas (optical depth {approx} 200 {micro}m) that included EA/DR contributions to the line intensities. The optically thick simulation best reproduced the recorded spectrum from the Hercules laser. However some discrepancies between the modeling and the recorded spectra remain.« less

Atomistic characterisation of Li+ mobility and conductivity in Li(7-x)PS(6-x)Ix argyrodites from molecular dynamics simulations, solid-state NMR, and impedance spectroscopy.

PubMed

Pecher, Oliver; Kong, Shiao-Tong; Goebel, Thorsten; Nickel, Vera; Weichert, Katja; Reiner, Christof; Deiseroth, Hans-Jörg; Maier, Joachim; Haarmann, Frank; Zahn, Dirk

2010-07-26

The atomistic mechanisms of Li(+) ion mobility/conductivity in Li(7-x)PS(6-x)I(x) argyrodites are explored from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Ionic conductivity in the title compound is associated with a solid-solid phase transition, which was characterised by low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry, (7)Li and (127)I NMR investigations, impedance measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. The NMR signals of both isotopes are dominated by anisotropic interactions at low temperatures. A significant narrowing of the NMR signal indicates a motional averaging of the anisotropic interactions above 177+/-2 K. The activation energy to ionic conductivity was assessed from both impedance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The latter revealed that a series of interstitial sites become accessible to the Li(+) ions, whilst the remaining ions stay at their respective sites in the argyrodite lattice. The interstitial positions each correspond to the centres of tetrahedra of S/I atoms, and differ only in terms of their common corners, edges, or faces with adjacent PS(4) tetrahedra. From connectivity analyses and free-energy rankings, a specific tetrahedron is identified as the key restriction to ionic conductivity, and is clearly differentiated from local mobility, which follows a different mechanism with much lower activation energy. Interpolation of the lattice parameters as derived from X-ray diffraction experiments indicates a homogeneity range for Li(7-x)PS(6-x)I(x) with 0.97 < or = x < or = 1.00. Within this range, molecular dynamics simulations predict Li(+) conductivity at ambient conditions to vary considerably.

Paleoandrology and prostatic hyperplasia in Italian mummies (XV-XIX century).

PubMed

Fornaciari, G; Ciranni, R; Ventura, L

2001-01-01

Prostatic hyperplasia, a very common condition today, was well known in the past as cause for bladder distension. The difficulty to identify, at autopsy of natural or artificial mummies, even a normal-sized prostate is probably the result of putrefaction processes and its usually dramatic size reduction as well. We report two ancient cases of prostatic hyperplasia recently observed in natural mummies from Italy. The first case regards Pandolfo III Malatesta (1370-1427), a leading figure of the Italian Renaissance. He was a valiant soldier and horseman with a very active life style. The tomb, containing his naturally mummified body, has recently been discovered in Fano (Marche, Central Italy). After careful X-ray and videographic examination, the autopsy showed good preservation of the skeletal muscles, cartilage, internal and external organs, included prostate gland and penis. Macroscopic examination revealed a staghorn calculus (calcium urate) of the left kidney and a severe enlargement of the prostate, with calcifications detectable by X-ray and large nodules protruding in the lumen of an ectatic urethra. Histology shows fibrous brands of connective and muscular tissue surrounding circular and oblong lacunae, with no preservation of epithelial structures. The macroscopic and histological picture allowed us to diagnose prostatic nodular hyperplasia. The second case (XIX century) concerns the natural mummy of an anonymous 50-60 years old man, found in ancient friary near L'Aquila (central Italy), which underwent computed tomography and a complete autopsy. Pelvic CT scans showed distended urinary bladder and a ring of dense tissue at the site of the prostate. At autopsy the bladder measured 7 x 6 x 5 cm and the prostate was 4 x 5 x 3 cm; prostatic urethra had a diameter of x 2 cm. Histology revealed dense fibrous tissue containing muscular fibers and roundish cavities of variable size, filled with eosinophil, PAS-positive material. Concretions were also present in

Energy levels, lifetimes, and transition rates for the selenium isoelectronic sequence Pd XIII-Te XIX, Xe XXI-Nd XXVII, W XLI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, K.; Yang, X.; Chen, Z. B.; Si, R.; Chen, C. Y.; Yan, J.; Zhao, X. H.; Dang, W.

2017-09-01

Energy levels, wavelengths, lifetimes, oscillator strengths, and electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), magnetic quadrupole (M2) transition rates among the 46 fine structure levels belonging to the ([ Ar ] 3d10) 4s2 4p4, ([ Ar ] 3d10) 4s2 4p3 4 d, and ([ Ar ] 3d10) 4 s 4p5 configurations for the selenium isoelectronic sequence Pd XIII-Te XIX, Xe XXI-Nd XXVII, W XLI are reported. These data are determined in the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) approach, in which relativistic effects, main electron correlations within the n = 7 complex, Breit interaction (BI), and quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections are included. The many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) method is also employed as an independent calculation to confirm the present accuracy, taking W XLI as an example. Comparisons and analysis are made between the present results and available experimental and theoretical ones, and good agreements are obtained. These accurate data are expected to be useful in nuclear fusion research and astrophysical applications.

Relative merits of rCW(A) and XiX heteronuclear spin decoupling in solid-state magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy: A bimodal Floquet analysis.

PubMed

Equbal, Asif; Leskes, Michal; Nielsen, Niels Chr; Madhu, P K; Vega, Shimon

2016-02-01

We present a bimodal Floquet analysis of the recently introduced refocused continuous wave (rCW) solid-state NMR heteronuclear dipolar decoupling method and compare it with the similar looking X-inverse X (XiX) scheme. The description is formulated in the rf interaction frame and is valid for both finite and ideal π pulse rCW irradiation that forms the refocusing element in the rCW scheme. The effective heteronuclear dipolar coupling Hamiltonian up to first order is described. The analysis delineates the difference between the two sequences to different orders of their Hamiltonians for both diagonal and off-diagonal parts. All the resonance conditions observed in experiments and simulations have been characterised and their influence on residual line broadening is highlighted. The theoretical comparison substantiates the numerical simulations and experimental results to a large extent. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparation and investigation of [GeSe4]100-xIx glasses as promising materials for infrared fiber sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velmuzhov, A. P.; Sukhanov, M. V.; Shiryaev, V. S.; Plekhovich, A. D.; Kotereva, T. V.; Snopatin, G. E.; Gerasimenko, V. V.; Pushkin, A. A.

2016-10-01

The glasses of [GeSe4]100-xIx (x = 1, 3, 5, 8, 10) compositions are prepared; their thermal properties, transparency in the mid-IR range and stability against crystallization are investigated. The glass transition temperature (Tg) in this system decreases monotonically with increasing iodine content from the value of Tg = 176 °C at x = 1 to Tg = 129 °C at x = 10. It has been determined by X-ray diffraction method that the addition of iodine reduces the volume fraction of the crystalline phase in glasses after annealing at 350 °C. Using a single crucible technique, the rod of [GeSe4]95I5 glass was drawn into a single-index fiber of 300 μm diameter and 10 m length. The optical losses were 2-3 dB/m in the spectral range 2.5-8 μm; the minimum optical losses were 1.7 dB/m at a wavelength of 5.5 μm. The content of impurity hydrogen in the form of Se-H in the fiber was about 3.6 ppm(wt), impurity oxygen in the form of Ge-O is 1 ppm(wt). The possibility of use of such [GeSe4]95I5 glass single-index fiber for infrared analysis of liquids by example of crude oil and water solutions of acetone has been demonstrated.

Astronomy Teaching in Argentina in the 19th Century. (Spanish Title: La Enseñanza de la Astronomía en la Argentina del Siglo XIX.) O Ensino de Astronomia na Argentina no Século XIX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Norberto Cornejo, Jorge; Santilli, Haydée

2010-12-01

Sarmiento believed that Copernican astronomy was one of the critical scientific disciplines to the formation of a "modern" citizen. In this work, we shall study astronomical science from two points of view: from the scientific knowledge and the educational presentation of such knowledge. Our study will address in Argentina in 19th century, starting from the initiative of Bernardino Rivadavia in 1821, who founded an astronomic observatory at Buenos Aires, until the first activities of the observatories at Córdoba and La Plata. On both lines, scientific and educative, we shall analyze the influence of positivist ideas. We shall highlight epistemological differences between both observatories, Córdoba's based on French positivism and La Plata's based on German positivism. We shall also show the different attitude of both observatories towards education. We shall see the way in which positivist ideas had great relevance in the training of elementary school teachers. We shall also establish the relevant influence of the socio-historical context over the astronomical development, and show that astronomy was a fundamental social factor at Argentina history. Domingo F. Sarmiento consideraba que la astronomía copernicana era una de las disciplinas científicas fundamentales para la conformación de un ciudadano "moderno". En este trabajo estudiaremos la ciencia astronómica desde dos vertientes: la referida específicamente al conocimiento científico y aquella vinculada con la presentación educativa de dicho conocimiento. Nuestro estudio se desarrollará en Argentina durante el siglo XIX, desde la iniciativa de Bernardino Rivadavia en 1821, de establecer en Buenos Aires un observatorio astronómico, hasta las primeras actividades de los observatorios de Córdoba y de La Plata. En ambas vertientes, científica y educativa, analizaremos la influencia de las ideas positivistas. Resaltaremos las diferencias epistemológicas entre los dos observatorios, orientado el primero

[Sanitary and epidemiological conditions in the Lodz region during the period of the second Polish Republic in the XIX and XX centuries].

PubMed

Sadowska, Jolanta

2005-01-01

Throughout history of European agglomerations in the nineteenth and twentieth century the relation between expanding industry and worsening sanitary and epidemiological conditions was seen. These changes, having great impact on public health, were investigated in the present study. Problems related to sanitary and epidemiological conditions in Lodz first emerged during the Russian occupation of Poland in the XIX century. The Russian Governing Council was not overseeing sanitary conditions of the city, and transferred this responsibility to the industrial bourgeoisie of Lodz. In this situation, uncontrolled development of the industry led to serious deterioration in natural environment and increase of risk for acute and chronic infectious diseases. Improvement of the sanitary situation in Lodz commenced in the period of the Second Polish Republic (1918-1939). Sanitary Divisions were created at the Lodz Department of Public Health. Activities in this Department involved, among others, detailed epidemiological examination of potable water, the investigation of manufacturing processes, retail and wholesale groceries, hygienic conditions of public housing. The activity and interventions of Sanitary Divisions contributed substantially to a decrease of incidence of various diseases and improvement of living conditions of the Lodz populations. The improvement of sanitary and epidemiological conditions in Lodz after 1918 was mainly related to the construction of water supply and sewage systems. This led to an approximation of the urban standards of this 500,000 population agglomeration to European standards.

Survey of trends and approaches of the works related to the Information and Communication Technologies presented at the XIX National Symposium on Physics Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antunes de Macêdo, Josué; Soares Pedroso, Luciano; Voelzke, Marcos Rincon; Teixeira de Araújo, Mauro Sérgio

2014-04-01

In this study, an investigation of 231 articles of the oral communication sections presented at the National Symposium on Physics Teaching (NSPT) was conducted, trying to identify those related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT), its form of organization, the involved thematic areas and the degree of teaching, allowing to compare the different perspectives and trends in this field. The conducted state of the art-study had a bibliographical character and qualitative contours involving content analysis. It was realized that the thematic area "Information technology, technology diffusion and Physics teaching", where most of the research related to ICT is concentrated, represent 11.7% of the total number of papers at the XIX NSPT, confirming a trend of research in this area. It was found, among other things, the predominance of studies where learning objects are used in Physics Education, especially in High School and University Education; the use of ICT in multidisciplinary work and that some features need to be further explored, such as thermodynamics. It was also noted an expressive amount of studies involving the use of ICT in teacher training proposals, which can contribute to the enlargement of the methodological options of teachers and meet their training needs.

32 CFR 199.8 - Double coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., except in the case of a plan administered under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et... not include: (i) Plans administered under title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid); (ii... under Title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid) are never considered to be available in the...

Joint Center for Lessons Learned Quarterly Bulletin. Volume 5, Issue 1, September/December 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-09-01

Federal Response Plan, Basic Plan, April 1999, pgs 1-2. 4 USJFCOM After-action report, XIX Winter Olympic and VII Paralympic Games , Salt Lake City Utah...the Judiciary, United States Senate, May 31, 2001. 7 USJFCOM After-action report, XIX Winter Olympic and VII Paralympic Games , Salt Lake City Utah...Learned from the XIX Winter Olympic and VII Paralympic Games , Salt Lake City Charlene (Charley) Eastman Military Analyst “Time and distance from the events

42 CFR 1004.20 - Sanctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... from participating in programs under titles V, XVIII, XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act for a... in titles V, XVIII, XIX, and XX of the Act, if the violation involved the provision or ordering of...

78 FR 17900 - Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-25

... program under title XIX of the Social Security Act, (3) the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP... program under title XIX of the Social Security Act; (3) the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP... qualified health plans in which the taxpayers or a member of the taxpayers family (coverage family) is...

42 CFR 436.401 - General rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ELIGIBILITY IN GUAM, PUERTO RICO, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS General Eligibility... prohibited under title XIX. (b) The agency must base any optional group covered under subparts B and C of... individuals and groups and are consistent with the objectives of title XIX. (c) The agency must not use...

78 FR 29127 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-17

...-000. Applicants: Solar Star California XIX, LLC. Description: Self-Certification of EWG Status of Solar Star California XIX, LLC. Filed Date: 5/9/13. Accession Number: 20130509-5024. Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 5/30/13. Docket Numbers: EG13-34-000. Applicants: Solar Star California XX, LLC. Description: Self...

32 CFR 199.8 - Double coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.). (2) The provision in paragraph (a)(1) of this... administered under title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid); (ii) Coverage specifically designed to... under Title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid) are never considered to be available in the...

PREFACE: XIX International Scientific Symposium in honor of Academician M.A. Usov ''Problems of Geology and Subsurface Development''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanova, G. M.

2015-11-01

XIX International Scientific Symposium in honor of Academician M.A. Usov ''Problems of Geology and Subsurface Development'' (for students and young scientists) was organized under the guidance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research within the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (NR TPU). TPU is one of the oldest technical higher education institutions in Russia, training specialists in the domain of geoscience and enhancing their further research in this area. The Institute of Natural Resources, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (INR TPU) was chosen to hold the International Scientific Symposium. In 2015 the Institute of Natural Resources celebrated its 114th anniversary. It was founded by V.A. Obruchev in 1901, first Siberian geologist, member of USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, and first Laureate of the Lenin Prize. He was recognized as a prominent scientist in the area of geology all over the world. INR is the first institute of geological education and geosciences in Asian Russia. Even today the Siberian Mining and Geological School, established by V.A. Obruchev and M.A. Usov, has retained its significance in the discovery, exploration and development of mineral resources not only in Siberia, the Far East and North-East of Russia, but also in Central Asia. There are numerous outstanding scientists and engineers among alumni of The Institute of Natural Resources. The institute is proud of such outstanding people as: M.A. Usov, student and first postgraduate of V.A. Obruchev, first professor and academician in Siberia, whose name is associated with the mining industry in Siberia; Academician K.I. Satpaev, founder and first president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan; Professor N.N. Urvantsev, discoverer of the unique Norilsk ore deposits in the North of East Siberia and Professor M.K. Korovin, who, in the 30s of the 20th century

42 CFR 56.303 - Project elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... furnished by or through the center is to be reimbursed under title XIX or title XX of the Social Security... insurance benefits under title XVIII of the Social Security Act, to medical assistance under a State plan approved under title XIX of such Act, to social services and family planning under title XX of such Act, or...

Effect of Woody Vegetation on Hydraulic Conductivity at Various Levee Systems Using Numerical Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

XIX International Conference on Water Resources CMWR 2012 University of Illinois at Urbana -Champaign June 17-22, 2012 1 EFFECT OF WOODY...distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Presented at the XIX International Conference on Water Resources CMWR 2012, Urbana -Champaign, IL, June...the Pocket and Burlington levees, the lower toe for the Portland levee, and the bottom of the dewatered drainage ditch for the Albuquerque levee

[The past of Druskininkai (part I)].

PubMed

Kierzek, Andrzej; Kuciel-Lewandowska, Jadwiga; Pozowski, Andrzej; Paprocka-Borowicz, Małgorzata

2012-01-01

The development of hydrotherapy in the first half of the XIX century is presented in short. The geographical, climatic and epidemiological situation of Druskininkai, a health resort founded in 1837 has been mentioned. The natural substances: salt springs and therapeutic muds are described sufficiently. The development of the health resort in the XIX and the first half of XX century has been recounted. The physicians Ksawery Wolfgang (?-1864), Ludwik Zembrzycki, Izydor Nahumowicz (1800-1842), Anicety Renier (1804-1877), Kazimierz Choiski (1814-1882), Jan Pilecki (1821-1878), Józef Markiewicz (1834-1923), Walery Bujakowski (1857-1919) and the others and local rich gentry played an important role in the development of Druskieniki. The physician was undoubtedly the most esteemed person-age of this health resort. Russification of this health resort on the turn of the XIX century is also presented. The role of Marshal J6zef Pitsudski in this development is pointed out. The comparison of the medical indications and contraindications in Druskininkai in the middle of the XIX century and in the thirties of the XX century are presented in more detail. The scale of medical indications was wide. Druskieniki was an important health resort in pre-war Poland.

Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cell Performance by Interface Engineering Using CH3NH3PbBr0.9I2.1 Quantum Dots.

PubMed

Cha, Mingyang; Da, Peimei; Wang, Jun; Wang, Weiyi; Chen, Zhanghai; Xiu, Faxian; Zheng, Gengfeng; Wang, Zhong-Sheng

2016-07-13

To improve the interfacial charge transfer that is crucial to the performance of perovskite solar cells, the interface engineering in a device should be rationally designed. Here we have developed an interface engineering method to tune the photovoltaic performance of planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells by incorporating MAPbBr3-xIx (MA = CH3NH3) quantum dots (QDs) between the MAPbI3 perovskite film and the hole-transporting material (HTM) layer. By adjustment of the Br:I ratio, the as-synthesized MAPbBr3-xIx QDs show tunable fluorescence and band edge positions. When the valence band (VB) edge of MAPbBr3-xIx QDs is located below that of the MAPbI3 perovskite, the hole transfer from the MAPbI3 perovskite film to the HTM layer is hindered, and hence, the power conversion efficiency decreases. In contrast, when the VB edge of MAPbBr3-xIx QDs is located between the VB edge of the MAPbI3 perovskite film and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the HTM layer, the hole transfer from the MAPbI3 perovskite film to the HTM layer is well-facilitated, resulting in significant improvements in the fill factor, short-circuit photocurrent, and power conversion efficiency.

PREFACE: EPS Euroconference XIX Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference: New Trends in Nuclear Physics Applications and Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2006-06-01

It was with great pleasure that the Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics of the University of Pavia and the INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Structure of Pavia organised the XIX Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European Physical Society, which was held in the historical buildings of the University of Pavia from 5-9 September 2005. The Conference was devoted to the discussion of the most recent experimental and theoretical achievements in the field of Nuclear Physics applications, as well as of the latest developments in technological tools related to Nuclear Physics research. The University of Pavia has a long tradition in Physics and in Applied Physics, being the site where Alessandro Volta developed his "pila", the precursor of the modern battery. This is the place where the first experiments with electricity were conducted and where the term "capacitance" used for capacitors was invented. Today the University hosts a Triga Mark II nuclear reactor, which is used by the Departments of the University of Pavia and by other Universities and private companies as well. Moreover, Pavia is the site selected for the construction of the CNAO complex "Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica" (National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy), planned for 2005-2008 which represents a unique facility in Italy and will be among the first complexes of this type in Europe. The Conference has gathered together experts in various fields from different countries and has been the occasion to review the present status and to discuss the new emerging trends in Nuclear Physics and its applications to multidisciplinary researches and the development of new technologies. The following topics were treated: Nuclear Techniques in Medicine and Life Sciences (Cancer Therapy, new Imaging and Diagnostics Tools, Radioisotope production, Radiation Protection and Dosimetry). Applications of Nuclear Techniques in Art, Archaeometry and other Interdisciplinary fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tuskan, Gerald A; Tschaplinski, Timothy J; Chen, Jay

Genetic determination of gender is a fundamental developmental and evolutionary process in plants. Although it appears that dioecy in Populus is partially genetically controlled, the precise gender-determining systems remain unclear. The recently-released second draft assembly and annotated gene set of the Populus genome provided an opportunity to re-visit this topic. We hypothesized that over evolutionary time, selective pressure has reformed the genome structure and gene composition in the peritelomeric region of the chromosome XIX which has resulted in a distinctive genome structure and cluster of genes contributing to gender determination in Populus. Multiple lines of evidence support this working hypothesis.more » First, the peritelomeric region of the chromosome XIX contains significantly fewer single nucleotide polymorphisms than the rest of Populus genome and has a distinct evolutionary history. Second, the peritelomeric end of chromosome XIX contains the largest cluster of the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class of disease resistances genes in the entire Populus genome. Third, there is a high occurrence of small microRNAs on chromosome XIX coincident to the region containing the putative gender-determining locus and the major cluster of NBS-LRR genes. Further, by analyzing the metabolomic profiles of floral bud in male and female Populus trees using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found there are gender-specific accumulations of phenolic glycosides. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the genetic control of gender determination in Populus.« less

Air Traffic Control/Active Beacon Collision Avoidance System Knoxville Simulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

I’s & AIRCRAFT 2’s POSITION VECTOR. ENTER (X1l,Y,Zl,,ZI,2) & (X2,Y2,Z2,X2,Y2,i2) As x = XI-X2 Y= Yl-Y2 VRX =Xi-X2 VRY = YI-Y2 MD2 -(4X*\\’RY - AY*vHJ...2 VRX 2 + vRy 2 M SQRT(MD2) YES MD> MDCM FILTER + OR - COMAND IF FITER VAVE TITRj-SITnLD PERFORMANCE LEATl. VALIE 3 o . U mi 5 3.0 1in t ;u~i:F-2

Determination of the calcium elemental abundance for 43 flares from SMM-XRP solar X-ray spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lemen, J. R.; Sylwester, J.; Bentley, R. D.

The helium and lithium-like X-ray transitions of Ca XVIII-XIX have been used to make an absolute measurement of the coronal calcium elemental abundance relative to hydrogen (ACa) in solar flares. Cooling phase spectra of 43 flares obtained in channel 1 of the Bent Crystal Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission have been analyzed. The abundance is determined from the intensity ratio of the Ca XIX resonance line (1S0 - 1P1) and nearby continuum. Attempts to correlate the ACa measurements with other observable features are discussed.

Air Cushion Craft Development. First Revision.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

xix NOTATION ............ ............................... .... xxi ABSTRACT ............ ............................... .i... 1 ...ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION ........... ...................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............. ........................... 2 CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION...481 REFERENCES ............ .............................. ... 491 vi LIST OF FIGURES Page 1 - Air Cushion Graft

MILSCAP: Military Standard Contract Administration Procedures. Change 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-15

AD-A284 618 DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY 0DoD4000.25-5-K HEADQUARTERSDO40.25- CAMERON STATION ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22304-6100 DLMSO CHANGE NO. 1 15 Jun...effective upon receipt. II. Incorporated in change 1 are AMCL 1 , recent changes to the Transportation Priority Codes (appendix A29), updates to...A52- 1 xvii to xix xvii to xix Cl-i to C1-3 Cl-i to Cl-3 1 -7 to 1 -10 1 -7 to 1 -10 C19- 1 and C19-2 C19- 1 and C19-2 5-3 and 5-4 5-3 and 5-4 C24- 1 to C24-3

Genome structure and primitive sex chromosome revealed in Populus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tuskan, Gerald A; Yin, Tongming; Gunter, Lee E

We constructed a comprehensive genetic map for Populus and ordered 332 Mb of sequence scaffolds along the 19 haploid chromosomes in order to compare chromosomal regions among diverse members of the genus. These efforts lead us to conclude that chromosome XIX in Populus is evolving into a sex chromosome. Consistent segregation distortion in favor of the sub-genera Tacamahaca alleles provided evidence of divergent selection among species, particularly at the proximal end of chromosome XIX. A large microsatellite marker (SSR) cluster was detected in the distorted region even though the genome-wide distribute SSR sites was uniform across the physical map. Themore » differences between the genetic map and physical sequence data suggested recombination suppression was occurring in the distorted region. A gender-determination locus and an overabundance of NBS-LRR genes were also co-located to the distorted region and were put forth as the cause for divergent selection and recombination suppression. This hypothesis was verified by using fine-scale mapping of an integrated scaffold in the vicinity of the gender-determination locus. As such it appears that chromosome XIX in Populus is in the process of evolving from an autosome into a sex chromosome and that NBS-LRR genes may play important role in the chromosomal diversification process in Populus.« less

19 CFR 122.183 - Denial of access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Destruction of an aircraft or aircraft facility (18 U.S.C. 32); (xiii) Murder; (xiv) Assault with intent to murder; (xv) Espionage; (xvi) Sedition; (xvii) Kidnapping or hostage taking; (xviii) Treason; (xix) Rape...

19 CFR 122.183 - Denial of access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Destruction of an aircraft or aircraft facility (18 U.S.C. 32); (xiii) Murder; (xiv) Assault with intent to murder; (xv) Espionage; (xvi) Sedition; (xvii) Kidnapping or hostage taking; (xviii) Treason; (xix) Rape...

46 CFR Section 1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... part or any other part of this chapter XIX the term: (a) National Shipping Authority (NSA), means the... agreement to exercise delegated authorities of the Director, NSA, in the control of operations of a...

46 CFR Section 1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... part or any other part of this chapter XIX the term: (a) National Shipping Authority (NSA), means the... agreement to exercise delegated authorities of the Director, NSA, in the control of operations of a...

Metrologia: uno sguardo alle grandezze fisiche fondamentali; il Pendolo, il Piano Inclinato e g

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sigismondi, Costantino

2016-07-01

Metrology studies the standards utilized in physics, we focus on MKS introduced by Giovanni Giorgi at the turn of XIX-XX century. Galileo, the pendulum and the inclined plane are reviewed to obtain the universal g.

24 CFR 891.105 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., subpart F of subtitle A of this title. In the case of an individual residing in an intermediate care facility for the developmentally disabled that is assisted under title XIX of the Social Security Act and...

Oscillations in the wake of a flare blast wave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tothova, D.; Innes, D. E.; Stenborg, G.

2011-04-01

Context. Oscillations of coronal loops in the Sun have been reported in both imaging and spectral observations at the onset of flares. Images reveal transverse oscillations, whereas spectra detect line-of-sight velocity or Doppler-shift oscillations. The Doppler-shift oscillations are commonly interpreted as longitudinal modes. Aims: Our aim is to investigate the relationship between loop dynamics and flows seen in TRACE 195 Å images and Doppler shifts observed by SUMER in Si iii 1113.2 Å and FeXIX 1118.1 Å at the time of a C.8-class limb flare and an associated CME. Methods: We carefully co-aligned the sequence of TRACE 195 Å images to structures seen in the SUMER Si iii, CaX, and FeXIX emission lines. Additionally, Hα observations of a lifting prominence associated with the flare and the coronal mass ejection (CME) are available in three bands around 6563.3 Å. They give constraints on the timing and geometry. Results: Large-scale Doppler-shift oscillations in FeXIX and transverse oscillations in intensity images were observed over a large region of the corona after the passage of a wide bright extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) disturbance, which suggests ionization, heating, and acceleration of hot plasma in the wake of a blast wave. The online movie associated to Fig. 2 is available at http://www.aanda.org and at http://www.mps.mpg.de/data/outgoing/tothova/movie.gif

24 CFR 582.310 - Resident rent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)(1)), except that in determining the rent of a person occupying an intermediate care facility assisted under title XIX of the Social Security Act, the gross income of this person is...

24 CFR 582.310 - Resident rent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)(1)), except that in determining the rent of a person occupying an intermediate care facility assisted under title XIX of the Social Security Act, the gross income of this person is...

7. VIEW WEST ALONG THE UPSTREAM SLOPE OF THE EMBANKMENT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW WEST ALONG THE UPSTREAM SLOPE OF THE EMBANKMENT, SHOWING ROCK PAVING IN PROGRESS.... Volume XIX, No. 7, June 24, 1940. - Prado Dam, Embankment, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

A New Micrometeorite Collection from Antarctica and Its Preliminary Characterization by Microobservation, Microanalysis and Magnetic Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gattacceca, J.; Rochette, P.; Folco, L.; Perchiazzi, N.

2005-03-01

Thousands of micrometeorites were collected in aeolian deposits in Antarctica during the XIX PNRA expedition. Such large and well preserved population offers a good opportunity to test and develop a magnetic classification procedure, in parallel to mineralogical and geochemical characterization.

7 CFR 1220.101 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.101 Act. The term Act means the Soybean Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, subtitle E of title XIX, of the Food...

75 FR 77783 - Designation of National Security Positions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-14

... requiring eligibility for access to Top Secret or ``Q'' classified information; (ii) Positions involving... at the Top Secret or ``Q'' level; (xix) Positions working with significant life-critical/mission... Sensitive information, requiring involvement in Top Secret Special Access Programs (SAP), or positions which...

Parkinson's Disease, Environment and Genes

EPA Science Inventory

This special issue of NeuroToxicology presents peer-reviewed papers based on presentations at the Nineteenth International Neurotoxicology Conference.

The 19th meeting in the International Neurotoxicology Conference Series (NTX XIX) was held August 25-28, 2001 at the Dou...

7 CFR 1209.1 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1209.1 Act. Act means the Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990, subtitle B of title XIX of...

7 CFR 1209.1 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1209.1 Act. Act means the Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990, subtitle B of title XIX of...

7 CFR 1209.1 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1209.1 Act. Act means the Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990, subtitle B of title XIX of...

7 CFR 1209.1 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1209.1 Act. Act means the Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990, subtitle B of title XIX of...

7 CFR 1209.1 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION ORDER Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1209.1 Act. Act means the Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990, subtitle B of title XIX of...

24 CFR 891.655 - Definitions applicable to 202/162 projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... residing in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded that is assisted under Title XIX of the... family residential structure designed or adapted for occupancy by nonelderly handicapped individuals... that are primarily nonelderly handicapped families. Independent living complex means a project designed...

7 CFR 1220.600 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Act. 1220.600 Section 1220.600 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS..., Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act set forth in title XIX, subtitle E, of the Food...

7 CFR 1220.101 - Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Act. 1220.101 Section 1220.101 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS... the Soybean Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act, subtitle E of title XIX, of the Food...

75 FR 5325 - Implementation of Section 5001 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

... for which the increased FMAP is not available under title XIX include expenditures for...), and expenditures that are paid at an enhanced FMAP rate. The increased FMAP is available for expenditures under part E of title IV (including Foster Care, Adoption Assistance and Guardianship Assistance...

40 CFR 80.70 - Covered areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Covered areas. 80.70 Section 80.70 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF...) Hopewell; (xvii) Richmond; (xviii) Chesapeake; (xix) Hampton; (xx) James City County; (xxi) Newport News...

40 CFR 80.70 - Covered areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Covered areas. 80.70 Section 80.70 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF...) Hopewell; (xvii) Richmond; (xviii) Chesapeake; (xix) Hampton; (xx) James City County; (xxi) Newport News...

40 CFR 80.70 - Covered areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Covered areas. 80.70 Section 80.70 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF...) Hopewell; (xvii) Richmond; (xviii) Chesapeake; (xix) Hampton; (xx) James City County; (xxi) Newport News...

12 CFR 27.3 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... average or normal monthly income. Include alimony, separate maintenance and child support income... any alimony, child support or separate maintenance payments. Exclude any payments on liabilities which...) Date of application. The date on which a signed application is received by the bank. (xix) Sex of...

45 CFR 234.130 - Assistance in the form of institutional services in intermediate care facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the intermediate care facility. (3) Provide methods of administration that include: (i) Placing of... intermediate care facility, whether the services actually rendered are adequate and responsive to the... intermediate care facility services under the medical assistance program, title XIX of the Act, but not later...

From ACTS (Air Corps Tactical School) to COBRA: Evolution of Close Air Support Doctrine in World War Two.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

cooperated and coordinated their activities in absolute precision cieated by total nental telepathy . Although XIX Tactice.1 Air Coeeand and Third Aray did...capture of the Romanian oil fields and increased production of synthetic oil, Germany produced enough oil to meet her military needs. By 1944, the

75 FR 80501 - Adjustments for Disaster-Recovery States to the Fourth Quarter of Fiscal Year 2011 and Fiscal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-22

... Care, Adoption Assistance and Guardianship Assistance programs. The purpose of the increase to the FMAP... the increased FMAP is not available under title XIX include expenditures for disproportionate share... under Title XXI. The increased FMAP is available for expenditures under part E of title IV only...

76 FR 76097 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Establishment of U.S. Munitions List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

...As part of the President's Export Control Reform effort, the Department of State proposes to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to establish Category XIX of the U.S. Munitions List (USML) to describe gas turbine engines and associated equipment warranting control on the USML.

32 CFR 199.9 - Administrative remedies for fraud, abuse, and conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... actually furnished by a licensed social worker, psychiatric nurse, or marriage and family counselor); or (v... titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act, Federal Workmen's Compensation, and the Federal... media. (A) Adequate evidence is any information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a...

32 CFR 199.9 - Administrative remedies for fraud, abuse, and conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... actually furnished by a licensed social worker, psychiatric nurse, or marriage and family counselor); or (v... titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act, Federal Workmen's Compensation, and the Federal... media. (A) Adequate evidence is any information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a...

32 CFR 199.9 - Administrative remedies for fraud, abuse, and conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... actually furnished by a licensed social worker, psychiatric nurse, or marriage and family counselor); or (v... titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act, Federal Workmen's Compensation, and the Federal... media. (A) Adequate evidence is any information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a...

32 CFR 199.9 - Administrative remedies for fraud, abuse, and conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... actually furnished by a licensed social worker, psychiatric nurse, or marriage and family counselor); or (v... titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act, Federal Workmen's Compensation, and the Federal... media. (A) Adequate evidence is any information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a...

32 CFR 199.9 - Administrative remedies for fraud, abuse, and conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... actually furnished by a licensed social worker, psychiatric nurse, or marriage and family counselor); or (v... titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act, Federal Workmen's Compensation, and the Federal... media. (A) Adequate evidence is any information sufficient to support the reasonable belief that a...

75 FR 44810 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

... techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses... 4, 2009, President Obama signed the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009... XIX of the Social Security Act (SSA), or child health assistance under a State child health plan under...

78 FR 9457 - Medicare, Medicaid, Children's Health Insurance Programs; Transparency Reports and Reporting of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-08

... applicable manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologicals, or medical supplies covered under title XVIII of the Act (Medicare) or a State plan under title XIX (Medicaid) or XXI of the Act (the Children's Health..., ``Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education and Practice.'' Given these recommendations and other...

76 FR 62068 - Delegation of Authorities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-06

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Delegation of Authorities Notice is hereby given that I... Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services under Section 6004 of the Patient Protection and...), XIX (Medicaid), or XXI (State Children's Health Insurance Program) of the Social Security Act. I...

20 CFR 416.2070 - Mandatory supplementation: State compliance not applicable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mandatory supplementation: State compliance not applicable. 416.2070 Section 416.2070 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... are matched by Federal funds under title I, IV, X, XIV, XVI or XIX of the Social Security Act making...

75 FR 62853 - Reno-Sparks Indian Colony Liquor Control Ordinance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

... alcohol, hydrated oxide or ethyl, or spirit or wine, which is commonly produced by the fermentation or... ordinance. (iii) ``Beer'' shall mean any beverage obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of any infusion or.... (xix) ``Wine'' shall mean any alcoholic beverage obtained by fermentation of fruits (grapes, berries...

42 CFR 124.513 - Public facility compliance alternative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... if not received, claimed, as reimbursement under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act... certified audit, conducted in accordance with procedures specified by the Secretary, of the facility's records maintained pursuant to § 124.510. If the audit establishes to the Secretary's satisfaction that no...

42 CFR 124.513 - Public facility compliance alternative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... if not received, claimed, as reimbursement under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act... certified audit, conducted in accordance with procedures specified by the Secretary, of the facility's records maintained pursuant to § 124.510. If the audit establishes to the Secretary's satisfaction that no...

Relative ion expansion velocity in laser-produced plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldsmith, S.; Moreno, J. C.; Griem, H. R.; Cohen, Leonard; Richardson, M. C.

1988-01-01

The spectra of highly ionized titanium, Ti XIII through Ti XXI, and C VI Lyman lines were excited in laser-produced plasmas. The plasma was produced by uniformly irradiating spherical glass microballoons coated with thin layers of titanium and parylene. The 24-beam Omega laser system produced short, 0.6 ns, and high-intensity, 4 x 10 to the 14th W/sq cm, laser pulses at a wavelength of 351 nm. The measured wavelength for the 2p-3s Ti XIII resonance lines had an average shift of + 0.023 A relative to the C VI and Ti XX spectral lines. No shift was found between the C VI, Ti XIX, and Ti XX lines. The shift is attributed to a Doppler effect, resulting from a difference of (2.6 + or - 0.2) x 10 to the 7th cm/s in the expansion velocities of Ti XIX and Ti XX ions compared to Ti XIII ions.

42 CFR 430.0 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Program description. 430.0 Section 430.0 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... Provisions § 430.0 Program description. Title XIX of the Social Security Act, enacted in 1965, authorizes...

42 CFR 430.0 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Program description. 430.0 Section 430.0 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... Provisions § 430.0 Program description. Title XIX of the Social Security Act, enacted in 1965, authorizes...

49 CFR 229.135 - Event recorders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Locomotive position in consist (lead or trail); (xxiii) Tractive effort; (xxiv) Cruise control on/off, if so...; (xviii) Brakes apply summary train line; (xix) Brakes released summary train line; (xx) Cruise control on... determining, that a brake application or release resulted from manipulation of brake controls at the position...

49 CFR 229.135 - Event recorders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Locomotive position in consist (lead or trail); (xxiii) Tractive effort; (xxiv) Cruise control on/off, if so...; (xviii) Brakes apply summary train line; (xix) Brakes released summary train line; (xx) Cruise control on... determining, that a brake application or release resulted from manipulation of brake controls at the position...

49 CFR 229.135 - Event recorders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Locomotive position in consist (lead or trail); (xxiii) Tractive effort; (xxiv) Cruise control on/off, if so...; (xviii) Brakes apply summary train line; (xix) Brakes released summary train line; (xx) Cruise control on... determining, that a brake application or release resulted from manipulation of brake controls at the position...

49 CFR 229.135 - Event recorders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Locomotive position in consist (lead or trail); (xxiii) Tractive effort; (xxiv) Cruise control on/off, if so...; (xviii) Brakes apply summary train line; (xix) Brakes released summary train line; (xx) Cruise control on... determining, that a brake application or release resulted from manipulation of brake controls at the position...

Integrating Instruments of Power and Influence: Lessons Learned and Best Practices

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

practices developed by ACT’s Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre in Monsanto , Portugal. Summary xix European Union An increasing European role in...oversees the Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre in Monsanto , Por- tugal, the mission of which is critical for the purposes of this report. These

7 CFR 1160.601 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... referendum. (k) Representative period means the period designated by the Secretary pursuant to Sections 1999N...: (a) Act means the Fluid Milk Promotion Act of 1990 (Subtitle H of Title XIX of the Food, Agriculture...) Department means the United States Department of Agriculture. (c) Secretary means the Secretary of...

Corruption of Democratic Principles as a Source of Internal Conflict in Nigeria

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-02

following examples demonstrate, the Nigerian government has failed miserably in meeting the intent of these constitutional articles. Two organizations...caused the value of the Nigerian Naira to fall from nearly $2 to les than $0.01. xix The literature is fairly clear that there is a very strong

Variability of nutritional and cooking quality in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) as a function of genotype.

PubMed

Saha, Supradip; Singh, Gyanendra; Mahajan, V; Gupta, H S

2009-06-01

Screening of natural biodiversity for the better quality traits are of prime importance for quality breeding programs. The objective of this investigation was to select candidate accession of bean having high concentrations of protein as well as macro and micro minerals with good cooking quality for use as parents in breeding programme for these compounds. Thirty-five accessions of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were field grown and their seeds were analyzed for their cooking quality and nutritional composition. Wide variations were observed in most of the measurements e.g. protein (18.7-26.2%), iron (79.4-137.6 ppm) and hardness after cooking (4.65-9.88 Kg) suggesting that there are considerable levels of genetic diversity. Across all accessions the concentration of potassium was negatively correlated with protein (r = -0.43, P < 0.05). Concentrations of protein was significantly greater in accessions VIII, XIII and XIX compared to other accessions analyzed. Iron concentrations were greatest (137 ppm) in XIX and lowest (79 ppm) in XXVII. Lines with less cooking time were line III, X, XXVI, XXX and XXXI. Bean line XIX contains high protein (24.9%) with high zinc (33.3 ppm) and highest iron (137.6 ppm), but it has high hardness after cooking (7.32 kg). Four clusters were computed by cluster analysis that explained quite a good variation in the traits. The great variability for these attributes suggests that these selected accessions may be useful as parents in hybridization programs to produce bean with value-added traits. This information was also potentially useful for pulse breeders working on the development of new varieties.

Activity-dependent branching ratios in stocks, solar x-ray flux, and the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model.

PubMed

Martin, Elliot; Shreim, Amer; Paczuski, Maya

2010-01-01

We define an activity-dependent branching ratio that allows comparison of different time series X(t). The branching ratio b(x) is defined as b(x)=E[xi(x)/x]. The random variable xi(x) is the value of the next signal given that the previous one is equal to x, so xi(x)=[X(t+1) | X(t)=x]. If b(x)>1, the process is on average supercritical when the signal is equal to x, while if b(x)<1, it is subcritical. For stock prices we find b(x)=1 within statistical uncertainty, for all x, consistent with an "efficient market hypothesis." For stock volumes, solar x-ray flux intensities, and the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile model, b(x) is supercritical for small values of activity and subcritical for the largest ones, indicating a tendency to return to a typical value. For stock volumes this tendency has an approximate power-law behavior. For solar x-ray flux and the BTW model, there is a broad regime of activity where b(x) approximately equal 1, which we interpret as an indicator of critical behavior. This is true despite different underlying probability distributions for X(t) and for xi(x). For the BTW model the distribution of xi(x) is Gaussian, for x sufficiently larger than 1, and its variance grows linearly with x. Hence, the activity in the BTW model obeys a central limit theorem when sampling over past histories. The broad region of activity where b(x) is close to one disappears once bulk dissipation is introduced in the BTW model-supporting our hypothesis that it is an indicator of criticality.

Project 1721: A U.S. Army War College Assessment on Russian Strategy in Eastern Europe and Recommendations on how to Leverage Landpower to Maintain the Peace

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

daunt- ing security challenges facing the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Project 1721 would not be possible without...America’s Commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Alliance..................................................xix Russia’s...43 Chapter 5: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the New Russian Strategic Environment

45 CFR 1355.53 - Conditions for approval of funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... title IV-A, (ii) National Child Abuse and Neglect Data Systems (NCANDS), (iii) Systems operated under title XIX, and (iv) Systems operated under title IV-D; (3) Support the provisions of section 422(a) by... system, which is effective and efficient, to improve the program management and administration of the...

32 CFR 199.8 - Double coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.). (2) The provision in paragraph (a)(1) of this... administered under title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid); (ii) Coverage specifically designed to... determination by the Social Security Administration. For care and services rendered prior to issuance of the...

20 CFR 603.21 - What is a requesting agency?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Agency—Any State or local agency charged with the responsibility of administering a program funded under... responsibility of administering the provisions of the Medicaid program under a State plan approved under Title XIX of the SSA. (c) Food Stamp Agency—Any State or local agency charged with the responsibility of...

Wood anatomy of the neotropical Sapotaceae. XIX, Chromolucuma

Treesearch

B.F. Kukachka

1980-01-01

Chromolucuma was established by Adolpho Ducke in 1925 based on the single species rubriflora native to the middle Amazon of Brazil. A second species, baehniana, was described in 1949 by Monachino. It occurs in the Amazon and Guyana. A third species, sericea, was named by Gilly but it is not known at the present time whether this was validly published. Anatomically the...

Puerto Rican Women as Workers and Writers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vazquez, Blanca, Ed.

1989-01-01

This theme issue of the "Centro Bulletin" highlights recent studies by and about employed Puerto Rican and Latina women. "La mujer en el Puerto Rico del siglo XIX" (O. Jimenez de Wagenheim), in Spanish, reviews the contributions of women to Puerto Rican economic, political, and social life during the nineteenth century.…

42 CFR 56.603 - Project elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of the Social Security Act, obtain or make every reasonable effort to obtain a written agreement with... entitled to insurance benefits under title XVIII of the Social Security Act, to medical assistance under a State plan approved under title XIX of such Act, to social services and family planning under title XX...

78 FR 52523 - Notice of Effectiveness of Exempt Wholesale Generator Status

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Notice of Effectiveness of Exempt Wholesale Generator Status Docket Nos. Dominion Bridgeport Fuel Cell, LLC EG13-31-000 Arlington Valley Solar Energy II, LLC EG13-32-000 Solar Star California XIX, LLC EG13-33-000 Solar Star California XX, LLC EG13...

45 CFR 95.601 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Scope and applicability. 95.601 Section 95.601 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION... IV-B, IV-D, IV-E, XIX or XXI of the Social Security Act. The conditions of approval of this subpart...

45 CFR 95.601 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Scope and applicability. 95.601 Section 95.601 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION... IV-B, IV-D, IV-E, XIX or XXI of the Social Security Act. The conditions of approval of this subpart...

45 CFR Appendix A to Part 16 - What Disputes the Board Reviews

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... rights or nondiscrimination laws or regulations (for example, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act), or if...) Disallowances under Titles I, IV, VI, X, XIV, XVI(AABD), XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act, including... Public Health Service, including Title V of the Social Security Act. (3) Disallowances in the programs...

45 CFR Appendix A to Part 16 - What Disputes the Board Reviews

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... rights or nondiscrimination laws or regulations (for example, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act), or if...) Disallowances under Titles I, IV, VI, X, XIV, XVI(AABD), XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act, including... Public Health Service, including Title V of the Social Security Act. (3) Disallowances in the programs...

45 CFR Appendix A to Part 16 - What Disputes the Board Reviews

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... rights or nondiscrimination laws or regulations (for example, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act), or if...) Disallowances under Titles I, IV, VI, X, XIV, XVI(AABD), XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act, including... Public Health Service, including Title V of the Social Security Act. (3) Disallowances in the programs...

45 CFR Appendix A to Part 16 - What Disputes the Board Reviews

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... rights or nondiscrimination laws or regulations (for example, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act), or if...) Disallowances under Titles I, IV, VI, X, XIV, XVI(AABD), XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act, including... Public Health Service, including Title V of the Social Security Act. (3) Disallowances in the programs...

Intermediate Care Facilities for Persons with Mental Retardation (ICFs-MR): Program Utilization and Resident Characterstics. Project Report #31.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Center for Residential and Community Services.

This report on the Intermediate Care Facility for the Mentally Retarded (ICF-MR) and related programs under Title XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act aims to assist in consideration of improvements to Medicaid services. The report begins with a background description of the key Medicaid programs of interest, discussing: federal involvement…

A Comparative Analysis of Selected Federal Programs Serving Young Children. Steps toward Making These Programs Work in Your State.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Barbara J.

Intended to help state planners understand and coordinate their program efforts, the guide provides an analysis of major federally funded programs for handicapped and at-risk children from birth to age 6. The following programs and their legislative authority are considered: Medicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act); The Early and Periodic…

[Nursing research and positivism].

PubMed

de Almeida, A M; de Oliveira, E R; Garcia, T R

1996-04-01

The authors discuss positivism foundations; the most remarkable influences to comtian's philosophy structuration; how Comte's ideas, as doctrine in so far as method, dominate society's thoughts, passing beyond XIX century and reaching XX century; and how the positivist doctrine and empirical method influenced Nursing conceptions about science and about human being/environment/disease.

42 CFR 435.115 - Individuals deemed to be receiving AFDC.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Coverage of Families and Children § 435.115 Individuals deemed to be receiving AFDC. (a) The Medicaid... deem participants in a work supplementation program to be receiving AFDC under section 414(g) of the Act. This section permits States, for purposes of title XIX, to deem an individual and any child or...

42 CFR 23.34 - What other conditions are imposed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., under section 1842(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Social Security Act as full payment for all services for which... administers the State plan for medical assistance under title XIX of the Social Security Act to provide... during normal working hours to accounts, documents, and records for the purposes of audit or evaluation...

42 CFR 23.34 - What other conditions are imposed?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., under section 1842(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Social Security Act as full payment for all services for which... administers the State plan for medical assistance under title XIX of the Social Security Act to provide... during normal working hours to accounts, documents, and records for the purposes of audit or evaluation...

42 CFR 56.303 - Project elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., including the provision for an audit (1) conducted in accordance with the “Guide for Audits of Migrant Health Grants” of the DHHS Audit Agency, and (2) conducted with reasonable frequency, usually annually... furnished by or through the center is to be reimbursed under title XIX or title XX of the Social Security...

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (19th, Bloomington-Normal, IL, October 18-21, 1997). Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dossey, John A., Ed.; Swafford, Jane O., Ed.; Parmantie, Marilyn, Ed.; Dossey, Anne E., Ed.

The conference proceedings volume for PME-NA-XIX contains a total of 72 reports: 34 research reports; 20 short oral reports; 11 poster session reports; and 7 discussion group reports. Only the research reports are full reports; the others are generally one-page abstracts. The full reports include: (1) "Equity, Teaching Practices, and Reform:…

Information Regarding the Effect of Applying the Representative Tax System to the General Revenue Sharing, Medicaid, and Vocational Education Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

The General Accounting Office assessed the likely impact of replacing personal income with the Representative Tax System (RTS) on the distribution of federal aid among the states in three formula-based programs. These programs were the General Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972, known as the Revenue Sharing program; Title XIX of the Social Security…

5. LOOKING WEST ALONG THE AXIS OF THE DAM TOWARD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. LOOKING WEST ALONG THE AXIS OF THE DAM TOWARD THE OUTLET STRUCTURE. HAND OPERATED MECHANICAL TAMPERS ARE COMPACTING THE FILL ALONG THE STEEL SHEET PILING CUTOFF WALL IN THE FOREGROUND. Volume XIX, No. 6, April 12, 1940. - Prado Dam, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

Fabrication Techniques for III-V Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-26

Trifluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33 ClF3 Chlorine Trifluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33 xix Symbol Page O2 Oxygen...dimensionless) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36 HCl Hydrochloric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 M Molarity (moles/liter...interhalogen etch gases have been synthesized and used to etch silicon. These gases include bromine triflouride (BrF3) and chlorine trifluoride (ClF3) [27

42 CFR 403.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., repackagers, relabelers, and kit assemblers) that do not hold title to any covered drug, device, biological or... sister corporations. Covered device means any device for which payment is available under Title XVIII of the Act or under a State plan under Title XIX or XXI of the Act (or a waiver of such plan), either...

42 CFR 403.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., repackagers, relabelers, and kit assemblers) that do not hold title to any covered drug, device, biological or... sister corporations. Covered device means any device for which payment is available under Title XVIII of the Act or under a State plan under Title XIX or XXI of the Act (or a waiver of such plan), either...

34 CFR 303.522 - Identification and coordination of resources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... information on the funding sources in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if a legislative or policy change is... include— (1) Title V of the Social Security Act (relating to Maternal and Child Health); (2) Title XIX of the Social Security Act (relating to the general Medicaid Program, and EPSDT); (3) The Head Start Act...

42 CFR 401.126 - Information or records that are not available.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Pursuant to paragraph (b) of 5 U.S.C. 552, certain classes of records are exempt from disclosure. For some... matter to be withheld: (1) Reports described in sections 1106 (d) and (e) of the Social Security Act... of the health programs established by titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicare and...

34 CFR 303.522 - Identification and coordination of resources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... information on the funding sources in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if a legislative or policy change is... include— (1) Title V of the Social Security Act (relating to Maternal and Child Health); (2) Title XIX of the Social Security Act (relating to the general Medicaid Program, and EPSDT); (3) The Head Start Act...

A unified heteronuclear decoupling strategy for magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Equbal, Asif; Bjerring, Morten; Nielsen, Niels Chr., E-mail: madhu@tifr.res.in, E-mail: ncn@inano.au.dk

2015-05-14

A unified strategy of two-pulse based heteronuclear decoupling for solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance is presented. The analysis presented here shows that different decoupling sequences like two-pulse phase-modulation (TPPM), X-inverse-X (XiX), and finite pulse refocused continuous wave (rCW{sup A}) are basically specific solutions of a more generalized decoupling scheme which incorporates the concept of time-modulation along with phase-modulation. A plethora of other good decoupling conditions apart from the standard, TPPM, XiX, and rCW{sup A} decoupling conditions are available from the unified decoupling approach. The importance of combined time- and phase-modulation in order to achieve the best decoupling conditions ismore » delineated. The consequences of different indirect dipolar interactions arising from cross terms comprising of heteronuclear and homonuclear dipolar coupling terms and also those between heteronuclear dipolar coupling and chemical-shift anisotropy terms are presented in order to unfold the effects of anisotropic interactions under different decoupling conditions. Extensive numerical simulation results are corroborated with experiments on standard amino acids.« less

[Industrial social diseases in 19th century].

PubMed

Leoni, F

1991-01-01

The author illustrates the relations in Italy between industry and the medical-hygienic situation in the XIX century. Italy started industrial processes rather late, about 1840, and between 1840 and 1870, for the first time, a remarkable quantity of publications about working class life conditions appeared. Special attention was given to spinning-mill workers, who - as Tonini, Ripa and Bonomi describe in their treatises - suffered a very hard life and working conditions, cold, damp, a very poor diet based on stale bread; furthermore, women had dangerous pregnancies and their babies were extremely undernourished, because of bottle-feeding caused by the impossibility of mothers to take their infants with them. These conditions produced numerous gastric, rheumatic and respiratory diseases. At the end of the XIX century, Mantegazzaa defined, for the first time, professional diseases from a clinical and social point of view. Investigations acquired a more rigorous and scientific character by dividing into a series of subjects such as, for instance, the study of "unhealthy industries." Legislation was adapted quite late, and produced in 1888 the "Crispi act".

Variations in iron and calcium abundances during solar flares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonucci, E.; Martin, R.

1995-07-01

Evidence for variations in iron and calcium abundances during the impulsive phase of solar flares has been obtained by analyzing the Ca XIX and Fe XXV spectra, detected with the Bent Crystal Spectrometer of the Solar Maximum Mission. The plasma thermal conditions have been investigated by considering different temperature indicators: namely, the temperatures TCa and TFe, derived from the intensity ratios of the dielectronic recombination satellites to the resonance line, and the temperature TCaFe, calculated from the ratio of the resonance lines of Ca XIX and Fe XXV, which is also depending on the Fe/Ca abundance ratio. The observed values of TCa and TFe can be ascribed to the specific characteristics of the plasma therma distribution, the corresponding values of TCaFe can be explained by allowing also for variations in the Fe/Ca abundance ratio relative to the photospheric ratio by a factor within 0.2 and 2.4. According to the observed abundance variations, the events analyzed can be divided in Ca-rich and Fe-rich flares.

Proceedings of the IUFRO technical session on geomorphic hazards in managed forests: 5-11 August 1990: Montreal, Canada

Treesearch

Raymond M. Rice

1991-01-01

The proceedings contains 11 the 17 papers presented at the technical session on geometric hazards in managed forests at the XIX World Congress, International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, August 5-11, 1990, Montreal, Canada, plus one paper not presented orally. Two papers report research on torrents, two are about snow, three concern landslides, and five...

42 CFR 124.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395, et seq.) and the implementing regulations (42 CFR part 413) bears to... Works Capital Development and Investment Act of 1976 (Pub. L. 94-369). In the case of a loan guaranteed... XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act. (j) Persons unable to pay means persons who meet the...

Learning Context and Its Effects on Second Language Acquisition: Introduction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collentine, Joseph; Freed, Barbara F.

2004-01-01

Thirty years ago, Dell Hymes (1972) observed that knowing what goes on outside the school setting is necessary to understanding what goes on inside. He noted further that "the key to understanding language in context is to start not with language but with context ... [and then to] systematically relate the two" (pp. xix-lvii). Recently, the…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (19th, Bloomington-Normal, IL, October 18-21, 1997). Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dossey, John A., Ed.; Swafford, Jane O., Ed.; Parmantie, Marilyn, Ed.; Dossey, Anne E., Ed.

This conference proceedings volume for PME-NA-XIX contains a total of 87 reports: one plenary session report; 39 research reports; 20 short oral reports; 25 poster session reports; and two discussion group reports. Only the plenary and research reports are full reports; the others are generally one-page abstracts. The full reports include: (1)…

Suicide Postvention in the Department of Defense: Evidence, Policies and Procedures, and Perspectives of Loss Survivors

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

Primarily based on expert opinions, the evidence provides guidance to medical examiners in making cause-of-death determinations, determining which core...military suicides derive from military criminal investigations, autopsies con- ducted by the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, and command...Their contributions were invaluable and will inform future response efforts. xix Abbreviations AFMES Armed Forces Medical Examiner System ATSM

42 CFR 51c.303 - Project elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Project elements. 51c.303 Section 51c.303 Public... SERVICES Grants for Operating Community Health Centers § 51c.303 Project elements. A community health... furnished by or through the project is to be reimbursed under title XIX or title XX of the Social Security...

42 CFR 51c.303 - Project elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Project elements. 51c.303 Section 51c.303 Public... SERVICES Grants for Operating Community Health Centers § 51c.303 Project elements. A community health... furnished by or through the project is to be reimbursed under title XIX or title XX of the Social Security...

42 CFR 51c.303 - Project elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Project elements. 51c.303 Section 51c.303 Public... SERVICES Grants for Operating Community Health Centers § 51c.303 Project elements. A community health... furnished by or through the project is to be reimbursed under title XIX or title XX of the Social Security...

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1993-10-01

Concerning comets: 1955 III Mrkos, 1955 IV Bakharev-Macfarlane-Krienke, 1955 V Honda, 1956 III Mrkos, 1956 IV P/Olbers, 1957 III Arend-Roland, 1957 V Mrkos, 1958 III Burnham, 1959 VIII P/Giacobini-Zinner, 1960 II Burnham, 1973 XII Kohoutek, 1974 III Bradfield, 1975 IX Kobayashi-Berger-Milon, 1975 X Suzuki-Saigusa-Mori, 1975 XI Bradfield, 1975 XII Mori-Sato-Fujikawa, 1976 IV Bradfield, 1976 VI West, 1979 VII Bradfield, 1980 X P/Stephan-Oerma, 1980 XII Meier, 1980 XIII P/Tuttle, 1981 II Panther, 1981 IV P/Borrelly, 1981 XIX P/Swift-Gehrels, 1982 I Bowell, 1982 IV P/Grigg-Skjellerup, 1982 VI Austin, 1982 VII P/d'Arrest, 1982 VIII P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 1983 V Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa, 1983 VII IRAS-Araki-Alcock, 1983 X P/Tempel 2, 1983 XI P/Tempel 1, 1983 XIII P/Kopff, 1983 XIV P/IRAS, 1983 XV Shoemaker, 1984 III P/Hartley-IRAS, 1984 IV P/Crommelin, 1984 XI P/Faye, 1984 XIII Austin, 1984 XIV P/Wild 2, 1984 XVI P/Shoemaker 1, 1984 XXIII Levy-Rudenko, 1985 I P/Tsuchinshan 1, 1985 XIII P/Giacobini-Zinner, 1985 XV P/Giclas, 1985 XVI P/Ciffréo, 1985 XVII Hartley-Good, 1985 XVIII P/Shoemaker 3, 1985 XIX Thiele, 1986 I P/Boethin, 1986 III P/Halley, 1986 VIII P/Machholz, 1986 XVII Levy, 1986 XVIII Terasako, 1987 II Sorrells, 1987 VII Wilson, 1987 XIX P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2, 1987 XXI Levy, 1987 XXIII Rudenko, 1987 XXIV P/Brooks 2, 1987 XXVII P/Kohoutek, 1987 XXIX Bradfield, 1988 IV Furuyama, 1988 XIV P/Tempel 2, 1989 III Shoemaker, 1989 XV P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 1989 XIX Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, 1990 V Austin, 1990 XVII Tsuchiya-Kiuchi, 1990 XX Levy, 1990 XXI P/Encke, 1990 XXVI Arai, 1991 I P/Metcalf-Brewington, 1991 XV P/Hartley 2, 1991 XVII P/Arend-Rigaux, 1991a1 Shoemaker-Levy, 1991g1 Zanotta-Brewington, 1992c P/Howell, 1992d Tanaka-Machholz, 1992e P/Singer Brewster, 1992f P/Shoemaker-Levy 8, 1992h Spacewatch, 1992j P/Ashbrook-Jackson, 1992t P/Swift-Tuttle, 1992u P/Väisälä 1, 1992w P/Slaughter-Burnham, 1992x P/Schaumasse, 1992y Shoemaker, 1993a Mueller, 1993d Mueller

An Integrated Watershed and Receiving Water Model for Fecal Coliform Fate and Transport in Sinclair and Dyes Inlets, Puget Sound, WA

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

xix USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation UV Ultraviolet UZSN Upper Zone Nominal Storage WA-DOE Washington State Department of Ecology WA-DOH...Effective Impervious Area IMPLND Impervious Land Cover INFILT Interflow Inflow Parameter (related to infiltration capacity of the soil ) INSUR...within Watershed (#/Km) SCCWRP Southern California Coastal Water Research Project SCS Soil Conservation Service SGA Shellfish Growing Area SPAWAR

Systems Architectures for a Tactical Naval Command and Control System

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Supplement TST Time-sensitive Targeting TTP Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures WTP Weapons-target pairing xix GLOSSARY Analysis...target pairings ( WTPs ) and are presented to OTC [a]. 24. OTC conducts risk assessment of engagement options [a]. 25. OTC orders confirmed surface...engagement options are generated through weapon- target pairings ( WTPs ) and are presented to OTC [a]. 24. OTC conducts risk assessment of engagement

Shielding Requirements for an Energy-Recovery Linac Free Electron Laser

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

Radiofrequency TLD Thermo Luminescent Dosimeter xviii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to first thank Professor...FOR AN ENERGY- RECOVERY LINAC FREE ELECTRON LASER by Robert E. Peterson December 2011 Thesis Co-Advisors: William B. Colson Keith...COVERED Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Shielding Requirements for an Energy-Recovery Linac Free Electron Laser 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6

Cloud Computing Solutions for the Marine Corps: An Architecture to Support Expeditionary Logistics

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

reform IT financial , acquisition, and contracting practices (Takai, 2012). The second step is to optimize data center consolidation . Kundra (2010...the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ____N/A____. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release;distribution is...USB universal serial bus USMCELC United States Marine Corps Expeditionary Logistics Cloud UUNS urgent universal needs statement xix VA volt

42 CFR 423.56 - Procedures to determine and document creditable status of prescription drug coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... under § 423.46. (e) Disclosure to CMS. With the exception of PDPs and MA-PD plans under § 423.56(b)(1... coverage is considered creditable if it meets the definition provided in paragraph (a) of this section: (1) Prescription drug coverage under a PDP or MA-PD plan. (2) Medicaid coverage under title XIX of the Act or under...

42 CFR 423.56 - Procedures to determine and document creditable status of prescription drug coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... under § 423.46. (e) Disclosure to CMS. With the exception of PDPs and MA-PD plans under § 423.56(b)(1... coverage is considered creditable if it meets the definition provided in paragraph (a) of this section: (1) Prescription drug coverage under a PDP or MA-PD plan. (2) Medicaid coverage under title XIX of the Act or under...

42 CFR 423.56 - Procedures to determine and document creditable status of prescription drug coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... under § 423.46. (e) Disclosure to CMS. With the exception of PDPs and MA-PD plans under § 423.56(b)(1... coverage is considered creditable if it meets the definition provided in paragraph (a) of this section: (1) Prescription drug coverage under a PDP or MA-PD plan. (2) Medicaid coverage under title XIX of the Act or under...

Planck 2015 results: XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields

DOE PAGES

Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M.; ...

2016-09-20

In this paper, we compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that ismore » being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B 1 Mpc < 4.4 nG (where B 1 Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B 1 Mpc < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B 1 Mpc < 2.0 nG and B 1 Mpc < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B 1 Mpc < 2.8 nG. Additionally, a search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B 1 Mpc < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B 1 Mpc < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B 1 Mpc < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfvén waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.« less

Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Planck Collaboration; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M.; Arroja, F.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bonaldi, A.; Bonavera, L.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J.-F.; Catalano, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chiang, H. C.; Chluba, J.; Christensen, P. R.; Church, S.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P. L.; Combet, C.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; de Bernardis, P.; de Rosa, A.; de Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F.-X.; Diego, J. M.; Dolag, K.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Ducout, A.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Elsner, F.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Fergusson, J.; Finelli, F.; Florido, E.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Frejsel, A.; Galeotta, S.; Galli, S.; Ganga, K.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; Gjerløw, E.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D. L.; Helou, G.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kim, J.; Kisner, T. S.; Knoche, J.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J.-M.; Lasenby, A.; Lattanzi, M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leahy, J. P.; Leonardi, R.; Lesgourgues, J.; Levrier, F.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Macías-Pérez, J. F.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Mangilli, A.; Maris, M.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; McGehee, P.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M.-A.; Molinari, D.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Moss, A.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oppermann, N.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Pettorino, V.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Popa, L.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J.-L.; Rachen, J. P.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Renzi, A.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rossetti, M.; Roudier, G.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Ruiz-Granados, B.; Rusholme, B.; Sandri, M.; Santos, D.; Savelainen, M.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Seiffert, M. D.; Shellard, E. P. S.; Shiraishi, M.; Spencer, L. D.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A.-S.; Sygnet, J.-F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Tuovinen, J.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Wehus, I. K.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

2016-09-01

We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that is being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B1 Mpc < 4.4 nG (where B1 Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B1 Mpc < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B1 Mpc < 2.0 nG and B1 Mpc < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B1 Mpc < 2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B1 Mpc < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B1 Mpc < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B1 Mpc < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfvén waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.

SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY AT THE U.S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY. XIX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.; Hurowitz, Haley M., E-mail: bdm@usno.navy.mil, E-mail: wih@usno.navy.mil, E-mail: hurowitz@mit.edu

2013-09-15

The results of 2916 intensified CCD observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch refractor of the U.S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each observation of a system represents a combination of over two thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1584 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.''54 to 98.''09, with a median separation of 11.''73. This is the 19th in this series of papers and covers the period 2012 January 5 through 2012 December 18. Also presented are 10 pairs that are reported for the first time, 17 pairs that appear to be lost, linearmore » elements for 18 pairs, and orbital elements for 2 additional pairs.« less

Journal of College Reading and Learning, Volume XIX, 1986.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Hear, Michael F., Ed.; And Others

1986-01-01

Addressing issues on developmental education, instructional and learning methods, learning assistance and academic support, and reading and research, this issue of the Journal of College Reading and Learning includes the following articles: "Moving the Mountain to Mohammed: Study Skills Tutoring in the Residence Halls" (J. L. Rogers); "Memory…

Speckle Interferometry at the U.S. Naval Observatory. XIX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.; Hurowitz, Haley M.

2013-09-01

The results of 2916 intensified CCD observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch refractor of the U.S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each observation of a system represents a combination of over two thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1584 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.''54 to 98.''09, with a median separation of 11.''73. This is the 19th in this series of papers and covers the period 2012 January 5 through 2012 December 18. Also presented are 10 pairs that are reported for the first time, 17 pairs that appear to be lost, linear elements for 18 pairs, and orbital elements for 2 additional pairs.

Synthesis of thiol-containing analogues of puromycin and a study of their interaction with N-acetylphenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid on ribosomes to form thioesters

PubMed Central

Gooch, John; Hawtrey, Arthur O.

1975-01-01

1. The thiol-containing analogue of puromycin, 6-dimethylamino-9-{1′-[3′-(2″-mercapto-3″-phenylpropionamido)-3′-deoxy-β-d-ribofuranosyl]}purine (XVII) in which the primary amino group of the antibiotic is replaced with a thiol grouping, was synthesized chemically (compound XVII is abbreviated to thiopuromycin). 2. Thiopuromycin (XVII) was found to be active in releasing N-[3H]acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier as the thioester, N-acetylphenylalanylthiopuromycin (XIX) in the Escherichia coli ribosomal system. The reaction product (XIX) was synthesized chemically from thiopuromycin and N-acetylphenylalanine and found to be stable to hydrolysis in the standard incubation medium at pH7.6. dl-Phenyl-lactylpuromycin (XXI), the hydroxy analogue of puromycin, was also synthesized chemically and shown to release N-acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier in the E. coli ribosomal system, thus confirming the previous results of Fahnestock et al. [Biochemistry (1970) 9, 2477–2483]. 3. In marked contrast with the results obtained in the E. coli system, both thiopuromycin (XVII) and hydroxypuromycin (XXI) were found to be inactive in releasing N-acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier in the rat liver ribosomal system. PMID:1103886

Diagnostics of electron-heated solar flare models. III - Effects of tapered loop geometry and preheating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emslie, A. G.; Li, Peng; Mariska, John T.

1992-01-01

A series of hydrodynamic numerical simulations of nonthermal electron-heated solar flare atmospheres and their corresponding soft X-ray Ca XIX emission-line profiles, under the conditions of tapered flare loop geometry and/or a preheated atmosphere, is presented. The degree of tapering is parameterized by the magnetic mirror ratio, while the preheated atmosphere is parameterized by the initial upper chromospheric pressure. In a tapered flare loop, it is found that the upward motion of evaporated material is faster compared with the case where the flare loop is uniform. This is due to the diverging nozzle seen by the upflowing material. In the case where the flare atmosphere is preheated and the flare geometry is uniform, the response of the atmosphere to the electron collisional heating is slow. The upward velocity of the hydrodynamic gas is reduced due not only to the large coronal column depth, but also to the increased inertia of the overlying material. It is concluded that the only possible electron-heated scenario in which the predicted Ca XIX line profiles agree with the BCS observations is when the impulsive flare starts in a preheated dense corona.

An Integrated Watershed and Receiving Water Model for Fecal Coliform Fate and Transport in Sinclair and Dyes Inlets, Puget Sound, WA

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Area IMPLND Impervious Land Cover INFILT Interflow Inflow Parameter (related to infiltration capacity of the soil ) INSUR Manning’s N for the...Km) SCCWRP Southern California Coastal Water Research Project SCS Soil Conservation Service SGA Shellfish Growing Area SPAWAR Space and Naval...UCI User Control Input USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USGS U.S. Geological Survey xix USLE Universal

Defense Demilitarization Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

dichloroethyl) sulfide ( Mustard Gas , HD or H). 16. Component. See subparagraph 32. (3) Ethyldichloroarsine. (ED). 17. Controlled Item Inventory Code (CIIC). A... Gas Cylinder Components, Grinding/ W elding for Drill Purposes ............................... A7-65 75 Rifle, Cal. .30, MI, Receiver Rail, Welding...U.S. Munitions List. (except tear gas formulations containing 1 percent or less CN or CS), sternutators and irritant smoke, CATEGORY XIX - DEFENSE

Using Social Media Tools to Enhance Tacit Knowledge Sharing Within the USMC

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Officer xviii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to offer my deepest gratitude to my beautiful ...KM and organizational behavior blogger , emphasizes PKM as a critical piece to any organization’s KM architecture (Figure 11) (Jarche, 2013...publishing, and opened the floodgates to bloggers eager to create content for the masses. The enormous collection of blogs currently on the World Wide Web

Equipment Sustainment Data in Standard Army Management Information Systems: Needs, Gaps, and Opportunities

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

colleagues Lionel Galway and Louis Miller, who provided thoughtful reviews of this document. - xix - Glossary AEL Army Equipment Loss AEPS...quality ( Galway and Hanks, 1996) noted that a key to better execution of data policies may be ensuring that organizations that generate the data...understand how it will be used. More specifically, Galway and Hanks (1996:15) observed that the persistence of missing, invalid, and inaccurate data

Winning Bodies and Souls: State Building and the Necessity of Nationalism

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

the citizens that live within its territory. The RAND study, America’s Role in Nation Building: from Germany to Iraq, nicely encapsulates the...neglect of nationalism in the theory and practice of the state building when it blithely observes that:   What principally distinguishes Germany , Japan...Nation Building: From Germany to Iraq (Santa Monica: RAND, 2003), xix. 6 This argument views nation-building projects as primarily the result of what

Testing of a Shrouded, Short Mixing Stack Gas Eductor Model Using High Temperature Primary Flow.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-01

problem but of less significance than the heated surfaces of shipboard structure. Various types of electronic equipments and sensors carried by a combatant...here was to validate current procedures by comparison with previous data it was not considered essential to rein- stall these sensors or duplicate...sec) 205 tABLE XIX Mixing Stack Temperatura Data, Model B Thermocouple Axial Mixing Stack Temperature _ mbjr Posii--- .. (I IF) . Uptake 180 850 950

The Turbulent Boundary Layer: An Experimental Study of the Transport of Momentum and Heat with the Effect of Roughness

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-05-01

first author also wishes to sincerely thank the agencies which provided the financial support during his stay at Stanford University: - Fundacao de ...Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); - Mineracao Matheus Leme Ltda; - Escola Politecnica da Universidade de Sao Paulo. The authors also...number error T Mean tamperature xix T Adiabatic wall temperatura aw T Average wire temperature Tt Temperature of transpiration air beneath the porous

Teaching Robust Methods for Exploratory Data Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

of adding a new point x to a sample x1*9...sX n* The Influence Function of the estimate 0 at the value x is defined to be For example, if 0 is the...mean (Ex )/n, we can calculate II+(x,iZ) x-ix Plotting I+, ’I- -9- we see that the mean has an unbounded Influence Function , and is therefore not robust

Development of a Laboratory-scale Test Facility to Investigate Armor Solutions against Buried Explosive Threats

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales Mexican Navy México, DF México 5. Dr. Jose O. Sinibaldi Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA. 6. Dr. Robert S. Hixson Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA ...EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND PROCEDURE............................................. 67 A. HIGH-SPEED VISION SYSTEM...Mexican Navy, “Con la Satisfacción del Deber Cumplido.” To all of them, I am sincerely grateful. xviii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xix

Who Bravely Dares Must Sometimes Risk a Fall. The Balance Between Tactical and Operational Risk in War.

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-09

for Sicily (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1943), 71-91. xvi Ibid., 76. xvii Ibid. xviii Ibid. xix Ibid., 77. xx Ibid. xxi Hugh Pond. Sicily (London...of the Life at Quebec and of the Famous Battle at Saratoga. Introduction by: Sydney Jackman Toronto: Macmillan, 1963. Bird, Harrison. March...University of Michigan Press, 1998. Pond, Hugh . Sicily. London: William Kimber & Clark Limited, 1962. Strassler, Robert B. The Landmark Thucydides

["Science among the Ottoman Turks" from the critical point of view].

PubMed

Ada, Turhan

According to Dr. Adivar, the positive science in Ottoman Turkey was only sometimes deficient and sometimes wrong continuation of the science in Persian and Arabic languages and was no more different from the transition of the Greek miracle to East neither on account of content or method until the XIX. Century, besides if there were ant phases in which these sciences were innovated, they will be importantly specified.

Combining Satellite Ocean Color Imagery and Circulation Modeling to Forecast Bio-Optical Properties: Comparison of Models and Advection Schemes

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

Director NCST E. R. Franchi , 7000 ^^M^4^k ro£— 4// 2^/s y Public Affairs (Unclassified/ Unlimited Only), Code 7030 4 Division, Code Author, Code...from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS, Hogan and Rosmond, 1991) and assimilates data via the Navy Coupled Ocean...forecasts using Global , Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and northern Gulf of Mexico configurations of HYCOM. Proceedings, Ocean Optics XIX, Castelvecchio Pascoli

The Rotated Speeded-Up Robust Features Algorithm (R-SURF)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

blue color model YUV one luminance two chrominance color model xviii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Automatic...256 256 3  color scheme with an uncompressed image is used, each visual pixel has a possibility of 3256 combinations 2 [5]. There are...Portugal, 2009. [41] J. Sivic and A. Zisserman, “Efficient visual search of videos cast as text retrieval,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and

Testing Solar Flare Models with BATSE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zarro, Dominic M.

1995-07-01

We propose to use high-sensitivity Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) hard X-ray observations to test the thick-target and electric field acceleration models of solar flares. We will compare the predictions made by these models with hard X-ray spectral observations obtained with BATSE and simultaneous soft X-ray Ca XIX emission observed with the Yohkoh Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS). The increased sensitivities of the BATSE and BCS (relative to previous detectors) permits a renewed study of the relationship between heating and dynamical motions during the crucial rise phase of flares. With these observations, we will: (1) investigate the ability of the thick-target model to explain the temporal evolution of hard X-ray emission relative to the soft X-ray blueshift during the earliest stages of the impulsive phase; and (2) search for evidence of electric-field acceleration as implied by temporal correlations between hard X-ray spectral breaks and the Ca XIX blueshift. The proposed study will utilize hard X-ray lightcurve and spectral measurements in the 10-100 keV energy range obtained with the BATSE Large Area Detectors (LAD). The DISCLA and CONT data will be the primary data products used in this analysis.

High-resolution X-ray spectra of solar flares. III - General spectral properties of X1-X5 type flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doschek, G. A.; Feldman, U.; Kreplin, R. W.; Cohen, L.

1980-01-01

High-resolution X-ray spectra of six class X1-X5 solar flares are discussed. The spectra were recorded by spaceborne Bragg crystal spectrometers in the ranges 1.82-1.97, 2.98-3.07 and 3.14-3.24 A. Electron temperatures derived from dielectronic satellite line to resonance line ratios for Fe XXV and Ca XIX are found to remain fairly constant around 22,000,000 and 16,000,000 K respectively during the rise phase of the flares, then decrease by approximately 6,000,000 K during the decay phase. Nonthermal motions derived from line widths for the April 27, 1979 event are found to be greatest during the rise phase (approximately 130 km/sec) and decrease to about 60 km/sec during decay. Volume emission measures for Fe XXV, Ca XIX and Ca XX are derived from photon fluxes as a function of temperature, and examination of the intensity behavior of the Fe K alpha emission as a function of time indicates that it is a result of fluorescence. Differences between the present and previous observations of temperature variation are discussed, and it is concluded that the flare plasmas are close to ionization equilibrium for the flares investigated.

Genome structure and emerging evidence of an incipient sex chromosome in Populus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, Tongming; DiFazio, Stephen P; Gunter, Lee E

The genus Populus consists of dioecious woody species with largely unknown genetic mechanisms for gender determination. We have discovered genetic and genomic features in the peritelomeric region of chromosome XIX that suggest this region of the Populus genome is in the process of developing characteristics of a sex chromosome. We have identified a gender-associated locus that consistently maps to this region. Furthermore, comparison of genetic maps across multiple Populus families reveals consistently distorted segregation within this region. We have intensively characterized this region using an F1 interspecific cross involving the female genotype that was used for genome sequencing. This regionmore » shows suppressed recombination and high divergence between the alternate haplotypes, as revealed by dense map-based genome assembly using microsatellite markers. The suppressed recombination, distorted segregation, and haplotype divergence were observed only for the maternal parent in this cross. Furthermore, the progeny of this cross showed a strongly male-biased sex ratio, in agreement with Haldane's rule that postulates that the heterogametic sex is more likely to be absent, rare, or sterile in interspecific crosses. Together, these results support the role of chromosome XIX in sex determination and suggest that sex determination in Populus occurs through a ZW system in which the female is the heterogametic gender.« less

Crop changes from the XVI century to the present in a hill/mountain area of eastern Liguria (Italy)

PubMed Central

Gentili, Rodolfo; Gentili, Elio; Sgorbati, Sergio

2009-01-01

Background Chronological information on the composition and structure of agrocenoses and detailed features of land cover referring to specific areas are uncommon in ethnobotanical studies, especially for periods before the XIX century. The aim of this study was to analyse the type of crop or the characteristics of soil cover from the XVI century to the present. Methods This diachronic analysis was accomplished through archival research on the inventories of the Parish of St. Mary and those of the Municipality of Pignone and from recent surveys conducted in an area of eastern Liguria (Italy). Results Archival data revealed that in study area the primary means of subsistence during the last five centuries, until the first half of the XX century, was chestnuts. In the XVIII and XIX centuries, crop diversification strongly increased in comparison with previous and subsequent periods. In more recent times, the abandonment of agricultural practices has favoured the re-colonisation of mixed woodland or cluster-pine woodland. Conclusion Ancient documents in the ecclesiastic or municipal inventories can be a very useful tool for enhancing the knowledge of agricultural practice, as well as of subsistence methods favoured by local populations during a particular time and for reconstructing land use change over time. PMID:19361339

[V.I. Smidovich: a Whole Life to Local Community Good].

PubMed

Tereshkina, O V; Bobkova, V N

2017-11-01

The article considers public and medical activities of Vikentii Ignatievich Smidovich, one of the most prominent physicians of Tula of the end of XIX century. His role in the organization and activities of the Tula society of physicians is analyzed. The particular attention is paid to activities of V.I. Smidovich related to amelioration of sanitary conditions of Tula, amelioration of conditions and increasing of longevity of life of residents, support of population with free medical care. The attempt is made to trace the role of a single personality in the process of historical, cultural, social development of a particular region. The article presents a short description of industrial Tula at the end of XIX century as a prerequisite to socially directed activity of educated sections of population, including physicians-humanists. The personal characteristics of V.I. Smidovich are emphasized that permitted him to gain a higher authority among patients and colleagues and to achieve established tasks. The article deals with the theme of life and death as an ethical argument, "natural heroism" of medical profession. The fragment of case history composed by V.I. Smidovich himself is presented. The emphasis is also made on the role of Smidovich-father in the formation of creed and creative direction of V.V. Veresaiev, his son.

Multiwavelength analysis of a well observed flare from SMM. [Solar Maximum Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Macneice, P.; Pallavicini, R.; Mason, H. E.; Simnett, G. M.; Antonucci, E.; Shine, R. A.; Dennis, B. R.

1985-01-01

Observations of an M 1.4 flare which began at 17:00 UT on November 12, 1980, are presented and analyzed. Ground based H-alpha and magnetogram data have been combined with EUV, soft and hard X-ray observations made with instruments on-board the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. The preflare phase was marked by a gradual brightening of the flare site in O v and the disappearance of an H-alpha filament. Filament ejecta were seen in O v moving southward at a speed of about 60 km/s, before the impulsive phase. The flare loop footpoints brightened in H-alpha and the Ca XIX resonance line broadened dramatically 2 min before the impulsive phase. Nonthermal hard X-ray emission was detected from the loop footpoints during the impulsive phase, while during the same period blue-shifts corresponding to upflows of 200-250 km/s were seen in Ca XIX. Evidence was found for energy deposition in both the chromosphere and corona at a number of stages during the flare. Two widely studied mechanisms for the production of the high temperature soft X-ray flare plasma in the corona are considered, i.e. chromospheric evaporation, and a model in which the heating and transfer of material occurs between flux tubes during reconnection.

Joint Test Project Report of Combat Air Support Target Acquisition Program. SEEKVAL. Project IA2. Direct Visual Imagery Experiments.

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

Mission Zero Briefing Information ... ....... 1-A-8 Mission Zero Preflight Taped Coiments . . . 1-A-lO Mission Zero Inflight Events and Commentary . l-A...acquisitions between MAR and the target and zero range for non-acquisitions. AA 1 ... , ; "~...,, X0 ..o", xix S w...target from 35,000 feet to zero feet at nadir. If the inter-target interval was less than 35,000 feet, the device started counting on the new target

Lessons Learned from the California Drought (1987-1992). National Study of Water Management During Drought

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

are followed (p. 192). * Market forces are an effective wa) of reallocating restricted water supplies (p. 193). xix TABLE 1 (Continued) SUMMARY OF...LESSNS LEARNED Confirmed Lessons of Previous Droughts "* Water in the aquifers continues to be the most effective strategic weapon against drought (p. 194...Water Code. This act was known as Assembly Bill (AB) 797 and became effective on January 1, 1984. The 300 urban agencies that have to prepare and adopt

Creation of Prototype Aircrew Protection Equipment Based on Face Anthropometry

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

AD-A273 865 AFIT/GSE/ENY/93D-2AD 27 86 DTIC ELECTE SDE.C 161993 A : CREATION OF PROTOTYPE AIRCREW PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BASED ON FACE ANTHROPOMETRY ...AIRCREW PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BASED ON FACE ANTHROPOMETRY THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Engineering of the Air Force Institute...trans- form anthropomorphic surfaces into a prototype mask mold. xix CREATION OF PROTOTYPE AIRCREW PROTECTION EQUIPMENT BASED ON FACE ANTHROPOMETRY L

Assessment of Vision-Based Target Detection and Classification Solutions Using an Indoor Aerial Robot

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

college student alongside you, little sis! To Jes- xix sika Miller, Lauren Garcia and Caity White , my closest friends and confidants of ten years, who...arena corresponding coverage to the GUI is outlined in white 2.1.3 Challenges in the Model There are inherent challenges with any model that implements...source middleware originally maintained by Willow Garage [36] and now managed by the Open Source Robotics Foundation [37]. It provides a framework for

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 2. UNIT XIX, LEARNING ABOUT CRANKING MOTORS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Human Engineering Inst., Cleveland, OH.

THIS MODULE OF A 25-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF CRANKING MOTORS USED ON DIESEL POWERED EQUIPMENT, TOPICS ARE (1) CRANKING MOTORS. (2) MOTOR PINCIPLES, (3) CRANKING MOTOR CIRCUITS, (4) TYPES OF CRANKING MOTOR DRIVES, AND (5) CRANKING MOTOR SOLENOID CIRCUITS. THE MODULE CONSISTS OF A…

Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science—XIX: Klaus Keil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sears, Derek W. G.

2012-12-01

Abstract- Klaus Keil (Fig. 1) grew up in Jena and became interested in meteorites as a student of Fritz Heide. His research for his Dr. rer. nat. became known to Hans Suess who--with some difficulty--arranged for him to move to La Jolla, via Mainz, 6 months before the borders of East Germany were closed. In La Jolla, Klaus became familiar with the electron microprobe, which has remained a central tool in his research and, with Kurt Fredriksson, he confirmed the existence of Urey and Craig's chemical H and L chondrite groups, and added a third group, the LL chondrites. Klaus then moved to NASA Ames where he established a microprobe laboratory, published his definitive paper on enstatite chondrites, and led in the development of the Si(Li) detector and the EDS method of analysis. After 5 years at Ames, Klaus became director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico where he built up one of the leading meteorite research groups while working on a wide variety of projects, including chondrite groups, chondrules, differentiated meteorites, lunar samples, and Hawai'ian basalts. The basalt studies led to a love of Hawai'i and a move to the University of Hawai'i in 1990, where he has continued a wide variety of meteorite projects, notably the role of volcanism on asteroids. Klaus Keil has received honorary doctorates from Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. He was President of the Meteoritical Society in 1969-1970 and was awarded the Leonard Medal in 1988.

[Peredo's Inferno: a Mexican physician-translator in the XIX century].

PubMed

Delgado García, Guillermo; Estañol Vidal, Bruno

2013-01-01

Manuel Peredo (1830-1890) participated fully in Mexico's national literary circles during the second half of the 19th century. Besides being recognized for his translation of Basch's Memories of Mexico, Peredo also translated the first tercets of Inferno's Canto XXXIII. Although forgotten today, his contribution is significant since it is the second Mexican translation of Dante, and particularly, the first Mexican translation of Canto XXXIII.

Joint Precision Approach and Landing System Nunn-McCurdy Breach Root Cause Analysis and Portfolio Assessment Metrics for DOD Weapons Systems. Volume 8

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

evaluation method that identifies the root causes of an undesired outcome and the Summary xix Root Cause of the JPALS Nunn-McCurdy Breach Under current... evaluation (RDT&E) unit (from 12 to 11) and an increase of one procurement unit for a new total of 27 procurement units. The revised procurement quantity...from the status of the overall portfolio of MDAPs and the status of other subportfolios. In assessing a portfolio, analysts may need to evaluate the

[Cotard's syndrome: historical and conceptual aspects].

PubMed

Luque Luque, R; Valls Blanco, J M

1994-01-01

The history of the concept of Cotard's syndrome is traced from its inception in 1880 to the present day. Nihilistic delusions were described by Cotard to refer to a special type of hypochondriacal delusion associated to melancholia. Although Cotard himself and other XIX and XX centuries' psychiatrists have considered it from different approaches a specific clinical entity, most of the authors estimate that nihilistic delusion is either a syndrome or a symptom which can appear in different psychiatric disorders.

Area Handbook Series. Syria, A Country Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

of its lending wats in kind-primarily seeds, pesticides , and fertilizers at subsi- dlizeci prices. Although the hank appeared effective, there was...In one such rally, enthusiastic crowds carried his limousine through the streets of Damascus. Assad’s twenty-six-year-old son, Basil , who had previ...Assad, Basil al, 212 Druzes. 36, 37: economic strateg, 109: Assad, Fawwaz al, 205 and education, 1(11, 1(3, 2(14: factional Assad, Haliz al, xix, xxi

Evaluative Testing of 5LA3421: A Multicomponent Prehistoric and Historic Site, Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County, Colorado

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-05-01

in the PCMS: chronology; settlement; economies; demography ; and culture. Carrillo (1990: XIX-1-4) integrated Friedman’s work first with Hardesty’s...block as his father, Herbert J., and employed as a farmer, while Louis was employed as a machinist at a garage. The longevity of the Amile and Harry...opinion is presented by Odum (1965), but in light of detailed experimental work, the longevity of seeds claimed by Odum seemed unlikely. Once seeds have

EL MANEJO DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD EN EL SIGLO XXI

Treesearch

ARIEL E. LUGO

2001-01-01

ser humano está transformando rápidamente el planeta Tierra (Meyer y Turner, 1994; Vitousek et al., 1997a). Su actividad tiene efectos globales que modifican el ambiente terrícola (Tabla I). Estos cambios, que comenzaron con la revolución industrial del siglo XIX, serán más notables en el siglo XXI en lo que se ha denominado la era Homogeocena donde el efecto dominante...

Grab them by the Nose and Kick them in the Pants: Patton on Combined Arms Operational Maneuver

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-23

said, "we’re winning this war the wrong way, we ought to be going toward Paris .൤ The decision to take the Brittany peninsula and the city of Brest ...towards Brest and the 41h Armored Division south towards Rennes. To support the campaign he gave XIX T AC five different missions: 1. To protect the...4. To assist advancing columns with armored column cover (ACC). 5. To support ground units in the capture of the Brittany ports of Brest , Lorient

The VMC Survey. XIX. Classical Cepheids in the Small Magellanic Cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ripepi, V.; Marconi, M.; Moretti, M. I.; Clementini, G.; Cioni, M.-R. L.; de Grijs, R.; Emerson, J. P.; Groenewegen, M. A. T.; Ivanov, V. D.; Piatti, A. E.

2016-06-01

The “VISTA near-infrared YJK s survey of the Magellanic Clouds System” (VMC) is collecting deep K s-band time-series photometry of pulsating variable stars hosted by the two Magellanic Clouds and their connecting Bridge. In this paper, we present Y, J, K s light curves for a sample of 4172 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Classical Cepheids (CCs). These data, complemented with literature V values, allowed us to construct a variety of period-luminosity (PL), period-luminosity-color (PLC), and period-Wesenheit (PW) relationships, which are valid for Fundamental (F), First Overtone (FO), and Second Overtone (SO) pulsators. The relations involving the V, J, K s bands are in agreement with their counterparts in the literature. As for the Y band, to our knowledge, we present the first CC PL, PW, and PLC relations ever derived using this filter. We also present the first near-infrared PL, PW, and PLC relations for SO pulsators to date. We used PW(V, K s) to estimate the relative SMC-LMC distance and, in turn, the absolute distance to the SMC. For the former quantity, we find a value of Δμ = 0.55 ± 0.04 mag, which is in rather good agreement with other evaluations based on CCs, but significantly larger than the results obtained from older population II distance indicators. This discrepancy might be due to the different geometric distributions of young and old tracers in both Clouds. As for the absolute distance to the SMC, our best estimates are μ SMC = 19.01 ± 0.05 mag and μ SMC = 19.04 ± 0.06 mag, based on two distance measurements to the LMC which rely on accurate CC and eclipsing Cepheid binary data, respectively.

Workshop III: Future Directions for Thin Films Workshop at SPRAT XIX

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dickman, John E.; McNatt, Jeremiah S.

2007-01-01

The SPRAT conference series at NASA Glenn Research Center has devoted a workshop to the topic of thin-film solar cell technology and potential aerospace applications. With the advent of aerospace applications requiring very-high, mass, specific power, there has been a renewed interest in thin film materials and solar cells. Aerospace applications such as station-keeping for high-altitude airships, space solar power, lunar and planetary surface power, and solar electric propulsion would be enhanced or enabled by the development of flexible, very-high, mass specific power thin film arrays. To initiate discussion, a series of questions were asked of the attendees. These questions, three generated by the group, and the attendees comments follow.

THE VMC SURVEY. XIX. CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ripepi, V.; Marconi, M.; Moretti, M. I.

2016-06-01

The “VISTA near-infrared YJK {sub s}  survey of the Magellanic Clouds System” (VMC) is collecting deep K {sub s}-band time-series photometry of pulsating variable stars hosted by the two Magellanic Clouds and their connecting Bridge. In this paper, we present Y , J , K {sub s} light curves for a sample of 4172 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Classical Cepheids (CCs). These data, complemented with literature V values, allowed us to construct a variety of period–luminosity (PL), period–luminosity–color (PLC), and period–Wesenheit (PW) relationships, which are valid for Fundamental (F), First Overtone (FO), and Second Overtone (SO) pulsators. The relations involvingmore » the V , J , K {sub s} bands are in agreement with their counterparts in the literature. As for the Y band, to our knowledge, we present the first CC PL, PW, and PLC relations ever derived using this filter. We also present the first near–infrared PL, PW, and PLC relations for SO pulsators to date. We used PW( V , K {sub s}) to estimate the relative SMC–LMC distance and, in turn, the absolute distance to the SMC. For the former quantity, we find a value of Δ μ  = 0.55 ± 0.04 mag, which is in rather good agreement with other evaluations based on CCs, but significantly larger than the results obtained from older population II distance indicators. This discrepancy might be due to the different geometric distributions of young and old tracers in both Clouds. As for the absolute distance to the SMC, our best estimates are μ {sub SMC} = 19.01 ± 0.05 mag and μ {sub SMC} = 19.04 ± 0.06 mag, based on two distance measurements to the LMC which rely on accurate CC and eclipsing Cepheid binary data, respectively.« less

[Medical and pharmaceutical association in Spain in the second half of the 19th century].

PubMed

Arroyo Medina, P

1997-01-01

It was happened a increase of the medical and pharmaceutical association, in the middle of XIX Century. This policy was not new, but now it has an different significance. The new sanitary corporation will be developed around a bourgeoisie. Dea: the professional attitude of its members. And its aim will be articulate the affairs of these class. They become one off the elements of the Liberal State. They are identified with theirs internal aims, that speak about the professional and scientific problems of these class.

New earthworm species of Righiodrilus (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from eastern Amazonia.

PubMed

Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos; Bartz, Marie Luise Caroline; Hernández-García, Luis Manuel; Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier; Martins, Marlucia Bonifácio; James, Samuel Wooster

2017-03-10

Three new species of the glossoscolecid earthworm genus Righiodrilus are described from material collected in northern Pará and Maranhão States, Brazil. Rhigiodrilus gurupi n. sp. is characterized by four pairs of post-testicular spermathecae in xiv-xvii. Rhigiodrilus viseuensis n. sp. is distinguished by tubercula pubertatis in xix-xxiii and clitellum in xvi-xxiii. Rhigiodrilus moju n. sp. is the only species in the genus that lacks tubercula pubertatis. We provide an updated key and a distribution map for all species of Righiodrilus.

Single locus sex determination and female heterogamety in the basket willow (Salix viminalis L.).

PubMed

Pucholt, P; Rönnberg-Wästljung, A-C; Berlin, S

2015-06-01

Most eukaryotes reproduce sexually and a wealth of different sex determination mechanisms have evolved in this lineage. Dioecy or separate sexes are rare among flowering plants but have repeatedly evolved from hermaphroditic ancestors possibly involving male or female sterility mutations. Willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) are predominantly dioecious and are members of the Salicaceae family. All studied poplars have sex determination loci on chromosome XIX, however, the position differs among species and both male and female heterogametic system exists. In contrast to the situation in poplars, knowledge of sex determination mechanisms in willows is sparse. In the present study, we have for the first time positioned the sex determination locus on chromosome XV in S. viminalis using quantitative trait locus mapping. All female offspring carried a maternally inherited haplotype, suggesting a system of female heterogamety or ZW. We used a comparative mapping approach and compared the positions of the markers between the S. viminalis linkage map and the physical maps of S. purpurea, S. suchowensis and P. trichocarpa. As we found no evidence for chromosomal rearrangements between chromosome XV and XIX between S. viminalis and P. trichocarpa, it shows that the sex determination loci in the willow and the poplar most likely do not share a common origin and has thus evolved separately. This demonstrates that sex determination mechanisms in the Salicaceae family have a high turnover rate and as such it is excellent for studies of evolutionary processes involved in sex chromosome turnover.

Biochemical and bioinformatic analysis of the MYO19 motor domain

PubMed Central

Adikes, Rebecca C.; Unrath, William C.; Yengo, Christopher M.; Quintero, Omar A.

2014-01-01

Mitochondrial dynamics are dependent on both the microtubule and actin cytoskeletal systems. Evidence for the involvement of myosin motors has been described in many systems, and until recently a candidate mitochondrial transport motor had not been described in vertebrates. Myosin-XIX (MYO19) was predicted to represent a novel class of myosin and had previously been shown to bind to mitochondria and increase mitochondrial network dynamics when ectopically expressed. Our analyses comparing ∼40 MYO19 orthologs to ∼2000 other myosin motor domain sequences identified instances of homology well-conserved within class XIX myosins that were not found in other myosin classes, suggesting MYO19-specific mechanochemistry. Steady-state biochemical analyses of the MYO19 motor domain indicate that Homo sapiens MYO19 is a functional motor. Insect cell-expressed constructs bound calmodulin as a light chain at the predicted stoichiometry and displayed actin-activated ATPase activity. MYO19 constructs demonstrated high actin affinity in the presence of ATP in actin-cosedimentation assays, and translocated actin filaments in gliding assays. Expression of GFP-MYO19 containing a mutation impairing ATPase activity did not enhance mitochondrial network dynamics, as occurs with wild-type MYO19, indicating that myosin motor activity is required for mitochondrial motility. The measured biochemical properties of MYO19 suggest it is a high-duty ratio motor that could serve to transport mitochondria or anchor mitochondria, depending upon the cellular microenvironment. PMID:23568824

A generalized theoretical framework for the description of spin decoupling in solid-state MAS NMR: Offset effect on decoupling performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tan, Kong Ooi; Meier, Beat H., E-mail: beme@ethz.ch, E-mail: maer@ethz.ch; Ernst, Matthias, E-mail: beme@ethz.ch, E-mail: maer@ethz.ch

2016-09-07

We present a generalized theoretical framework that allows the approximate but rapid analysis of residual couplings of arbitrary decoupling sequences in solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning conditions. It is a generalization of the tri-modal Floquet analysis of TPPM decoupling [Scholz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 130, 114510 (2009)] where three characteristic frequencies are used to describe the pulse sequence. Such an approach can be used to describe arbitrary periodic decoupling sequences that differ only in the magnitude of the Fourier coefficients of the interaction-frame transformation. It allows a ∼100 times faster calculation of second-order residual couplings as a function ofmore » pulse sequence parameters than full spin-dynamics simulations. By comparing the theoretical calculations with full numerical simulations, we show the potential of the new approach to examine the performance of decoupling sequences. We exemplify the usefulness of this framework by analyzing the performance of commonly used high-power decoupling sequences and low-power decoupling sequences such as amplitude-modulated XiX (AM-XiX) and its super-cycled variant SC-AM-XiX. In addition, the effect of chemical-shift offset is examined for both high- and low-power decoupling sequences. The results show that the cross-terms between the dipolar couplings are the main contributions to the line broadening when offset is present. We also show that the SC-AM-XIX shows a better offset compensation.« less

Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of BiOX1-xYx (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, and I) Solid Solutions from DFT Calculations.

PubMed

Zhao, Zong-Yan; Liu, Qing-Lu; Dai, Wen-Wu

2016-08-23

Six BiOX1-xYx (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, and I) solid solutions have been systematically investigated by density functional theory calculations. BiOCl1-xBrx, BiOBr1-xIx, and BiOCl1-xIx solid solutions have very small bowing parameters; as such, some of their properties increase almost linearly with increasing x. For BiOF1-xYx solid solutions, the bowing parameters are very large and it is extremely difficult to fit the related calculated data by a single equation. Consequently, BiOX1-xYx (X, Y = Cl, Br, and I) solid solutions are highly miscible, while BiOF1-xYx (Y = Cl, Br, and I) solid solutions are partially miscible. In other words, BiOF1-xYx solid solutions have miscibility gaps or high miscibility temperature, resulting in phase separation and F/Y inhomogeneity. Comparison and analysis of the calculated results and the related physical-chemical properties with different halogen compositions indicates that the parameters of BiOX1-xYx solid solutions are determined by the differences of the physical-chemical properties of the two halogen compositions. In this way, the large deviation of some BiOX1-xYx solid solutions from Vegard's law observed in experiments can be explained. Moreover, the composition ratio of BiOX1-xYx solid solutions can be measured or monitored using optical measurements.

New method for determining temperature and emission measure during solar flares from light curves of soft X-ray line fluxes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bornmann, P.L.

I describe a new property of soft X-ray line fluxes observed during the decay phase of solar flares and a technique for using this property to determine the plasma temperature and emission measure as functions of time. The soft X-ray line fluxes analyzed in this paper were observed during the decay phase of the 1980 November 5 flare by the X-Ray Polychromator (XRP) instrument on board the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). The resonance, intercombination, and forbidden lines of Ne IX, Mg XI, Si XIII, S XV, Ca XIX, and Fe XXV, as well as the Lyman-..cap alpha.. line of Omore » VIII and the resonance lines of Fe XIX, were observed. The rates at which the observed line fluxes decayed were not constant. For all but the highest temperature lines observed, the rate changed abruptly, causing the fluxes to fall at a more rapid rate later in the flare decay. These changes occurred at earlier times for lines formed at higher temperatures. This behavior is proposed to be due to the decreasing temperature of the flare plasma tracking the rise and subsequent fall of each line emissivity function. This explanation is used to empirically model the observed light curves and to estimate the temperature and the change in emission measure of the plasma as a function of time during the decay phase. Estimates are made of various plasma parameters based on the model results.« less

A generalized theoretical framework for the description of spin decoupling in solid-state MAS NMR: Offset effect on decoupling performance.

PubMed

Tan, Kong Ooi; Agarwal, Vipin; Meier, Beat H; Ernst, Matthias

2016-09-07

We present a generalized theoretical framework that allows the approximate but rapid analysis of residual couplings of arbitrary decoupling sequences in solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning conditions. It is a generalization of the tri-modal Floquet analysis of TPPM decoupling [Scholz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 130, 114510 (2009)] where three characteristic frequencies are used to describe the pulse sequence. Such an approach can be used to describe arbitrary periodic decoupling sequences that differ only in the magnitude of the Fourier coefficients of the interaction-frame transformation. It allows a ∼100 times faster calculation of second-order residual couplings as a function of pulse sequence parameters than full spin-dynamics simulations. By comparing the theoretical calculations with full numerical simulations, we show the potential of the new approach to examine the performance of decoupling sequences. We exemplify the usefulness of this framework by analyzing the performance of commonly used high-power decoupling sequences and low-power decoupling sequences such as amplitude-modulated XiX (AM-XiX) and its super-cycled variant SC-AM-XiX. In addition, the effect of chemical-shift offset is examined for both high- and low-power decoupling sequences. The results show that the cross-terms between the dipolar couplings are the main contributions to the line broadening when offset is present. We also show that the SC-AM-XIX shows a better offset compensation.

Crystal growth and properties of Ag 7_ xTaSe 6_ xI x (0 x 1)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wada, H.; Sato, A.

1993-03-01

National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan A series of argyrodite compounds with the formula Ag7 xTaSe6 xIx (0 x 1) have been prepared for the first time by a sealed silica tube method. Single crystals have been obtained by heating at 800°C for 2 weeks. Their morphology and crystal structure have been studied by reflected-light microscopy, SEM, EDAX and X-ray diffraction. The silver ionic conductivities of the samples have been also measured.

A Revolutionary War: Korea and the Transformation of the Postwar World

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

THE AMERICAN ROE FRONT ...................................... 3 XIX MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE WAR .... . . ............. ..................I ...7 XX. FILM...Oen.. Htst . Branch, 1958 (UC 34 AI5 sVt 2 nO 2) lsp. DeU isiod U .n La .N York McBride. 1994 (DS 918 .173) 39 Rood. John C. 1 aly" XAJ L Wlhi"l± ~SfDA...Dec 1950) 080- e81 77 MEDIA EnS ERAGE OF THE WAR Books. Government Fuhl.catios. and Reports Diels%1,o Dwightl C Th.illtary and the Meia Historical

OPERATION CROSSROADS. Test of Target Airplane, Model TBM-3E, Serial Number 69169

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-04-25

Water Absorption. XIX Plastic Test Results - Specific Gravity . XX Port Tire Tent Results. XXI Inner Tube Test Results. XXI Self-Sealing Fuel Cell...prev4ously run on non-radioactive meterials . (b) Tht report describes the daTge suffered by c3rtain materials, and the points of failure and the non...conlucted on 1I tEin’. 1j and b in accnrd:ýtnce thith ~i~ethcd 70,31 of S&ecificuitir~n Li-Ga (14) Sjeiific Gravity - Tests were conducted on Yeter~l,,ls

ST-LO (7 July -19 July 1944)

DTIC Science & Technology

1946-08-21

artillery, but the main troubles came in operating heavy vehicles through muddy fields, slippery trails, and hedgerows. The II9th Infantry felt...Army’s attack began, continued to balk aerial reconnaissance and to make the roads slippery and muddy. The axis of advance of the attacking task...JuLTI J ! VII - XIX CoIIps IOUNOIJIY AS OF 6 JULY .....lIT, If’ III IIIET!!!!. I o " ’" •’" .. flU ( \\ J Elm ’ "’/1’ v,",f «. ? --/ F:rm~91

Feasibility Study for a Structurally Efficient, Multi-Modal Shelter Concept Utilizing Advanced Technology Production Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-02-01

II I~ x p:1 ns ion P roc cuurc Longitudin:-11 Section, Container Mod·c Configuration r Ex p :m s i on Pro c c d u r e Longitudinal Section...No . I II. I I I. IV. v. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X . XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV . XVI. XVII . XVIII . XIX. XX. XXI. XXII . XXI II. XXIV...mat e rial s and examples from these categories . Glass Fibers Glass Mi c r os pheres As bestos Carbon Graphite Ce llulose Cotton Jute Rayo n

Maintenance Categories - A Substudy of the Maintenance Support Structure for Contingency Forces Study (ACN 21012).

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-06-23

ORDNANCE AND CHEMICAL CENTEER AND SCHOOL CL.. TAA t ~ 4L . ? LtIITED STATES ARMY ORDNANCE AND CHEM4ICAL CENTER AND SCHOOLJ ABERDEEN PROVING GlRUND, MD 21005...isUNCLASSIFIED. DISTRIBUTIONTTh • maw•F • t ~ istr’ e .•only with fS Army a ii ° ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This studxy was initiated and sponsored by the US Army...MAC charts, and if MAC charts corrected throughI compliance with this policy were to supersede current charts. xiX ik" ""I s ,. * t .. . . •._ • , - 4

Mathematical Physics in Italy in the XIX Century: The Theory of Elasticity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capecchi, Danilo

In the second half of the nineteenth century there was in Italy an important group of mathematicians who focused their attention on mathematical physics. The most prominent of them were Enrico Betti, Eugenio Beltrami, Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and some others (Vito Volterra, Carlo Somigliana and Tullio Levi Civita) whose activity persevered for many years in the twentieth century. In this article, I will write about the contribution of this group to the theory of elasticity. The best representative writing on continuum mechanics and elasticity as theories of mathematical physics is presented in the book Teoria della elasticità by Enrico Betti. The book is interesting not only for the particular results found but also for its structure which became paradigmatic for the development of subsequent texts on elasticity, not only those in Italian. Betti's interest was concentrated on the mathematical aspects of a physical theory. Physical principles are not discussed; they are only exposed in the most formal way possible. The objective is to arrive, without discussing epistemological or empirical problems, at the formulation and solution of differential equations that rule elasticity, as had become classic in the emerging mathematical physics. Beltrami wrote no complete books on elasticity; however, his contribution to this field was perhaps more original than that of Betti. A similar consideration holds true for Volterra and Somigliana.

[Epidemics and the evolution of medicine in Iran during the XIX century].

PubMed

Ebrahimnejad, H

1999-01-01

In a description of a historical case in 19th Century Persia, this article endeavours to show how changes in medical thought occurred. It argues that Medical Modernisation was apparent in the internal changes in traditional medicine. While cholera was frequently recorded, as an epidemic disease, over several centuries in the Persian Medical literature, why and how it became at this period, before contact with Western medicine, under close scrutiny by the traditional medicine. This new scrutiny is illustrated in the writings of Shirazi, a traditional court doctor, who endeavoured to describe cholera, diarrhoea and plague. In doing this, he introduced a significant change in the meanings of vaba and ta'un (generic terms attributed to any epidemic disease). Shirazi used them specifically to mean what we understood as cholera, for the former, and plague for the latter. The internal change in traditional medical thought, together with the awakening of socio-political consciousness regarding the spread of epidemics, were the main factors clearing the path to a natural integration of Western medicine in 19th century Iran.

Changes in the medical profession in Great Britain in the xix century.

PubMed

Osborn, J; Cattaruzza, M S; Silverj, F G

1998-01-01

The nineteenth century was important for medicine in Britain because the foundations of a united medical profession were laid by the Medical Act of 1858. This established the General Medical Council which had the responsibility of maintaining a list of qualified medical practitioners. This not only protected the public from unknowingly using unqualified medical practitioners, but also created a monopoly of medical practice which was protected by law. In the second half of the century, women started to qualify and be registered. The century also saw the development of effective anaesthetics and the idea that the health of the public could be preserved by legislation. The notion of prevention was born, even though after a further one hundred years, the profession is still dominated by the idea that its responsibility is to cure.

Single locus sex determination and female heterogamety in the basket willow (Salix viminalis L.)

PubMed Central

Pucholt, P; Rönnberg-Wästljung, A-C; Berlin, S

2015-01-01

Most eukaryotes reproduce sexually and a wealth of different sex determination mechanisms have evolved in this lineage. Dioecy or separate sexes are rare among flowering plants but have repeatedly evolved from hermaphroditic ancestors possibly involving male or female sterility mutations. Willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) are predominantly dioecious and are members of the Salicaceae family. All studied poplars have sex determination loci on chromosome XIX, however, the position differs among species and both male and female heterogametic system exists. In contrast to the situation in poplars, knowledge of sex determination mechanisms in willows is sparse. In the present study, we have for the first time positioned the sex determination locus on chromosome XV in S. viminalis using quantitative trait locus mapping. All female offspring carried a maternally inherited haplotype, suggesting a system of female heterogamety or ZW. We used a comparative mapping approach and compared the positions of the markers between the S. viminalis linkage map and the physical maps of S. purpurea, S. suchowensis and P. trichocarpa. As we found no evidence for chromosomal rearrangements between chromosome XV and XIX between S. viminalis and P. trichocarpa, it shows that the sex determination loci in the willow and the poplar most likely do not share a common origin and has thus evolved separately. This demonstrates that sex determination mechanisms in the Salicaceae family have a high turnover rate and as such it is excellent for studies of evolutionary processes involved in sex chromosome turnover. PMID:25649501

Performance Verification of the ’Superjet’ Laminar Angular Rate Sensor.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

113 3.5.2-XIX Jerk Test Results .. ................. 114 3.5.2-XX Jerk Test Results .. ................. 115 3.5.2-XXI Jerk Test...side of the jet stream and connecting them by means of a bridge circuit. As the jet deflects to the left or right, the differential cooling of the...1 .𔃺 . 71 .1-𔃽 T; 7 1".33C .139 * 4j4 -1.5,17 -e 1’ 7 513 .172, lk 177 -11 .51 3 7.1, 115 .I~ 243 - 1 7.𔃻 - 17 . -1.1 .i ~ .0171 F", 1 .3 - 1-"𔄁

Unraveling Cajal's view of the olfactory system

PubMed Central

Figueres-Oñate, María; Gutiérrez, Yolanda; López-Mascaraque, Laura

2014-01-01

The olfactory system has a highly regular organization of interconnected synaptic circuits from the periphery. It is therefore an excellent model for understanding general principles about how the brain processes information. Cajal revealed the basic cell types and their interconnections at the end of the XIX century. Since his original descriptions, the observation and analysis of the olfactory system and its components represents a major topic in neuroscience studies, providing important insights into the neural mechanisms. In this review, we will highlight the importance of Cajal contributions and his legacy to the actual knowledge of the olfactory system. PMID:25071462

Evidence for explosive chromospheric evaporation in a solar flare observed with SMM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zarro, D. M.; Saba, J. L. R.; Strong, K. T.; Canfield, R. C.; Metcalf, T.

1986-01-01

SMM soft X-ray data and Sacramento Peak Observatory H-alpha observations are combined in a study of the impulsive phase of a solar flare. A blue asymmetry, indicative of upflow motions, was observed in the coronal Ca XIX line during the soft X-ray rise phase. H-alpha redshifts, indicative of downward motions, were observed simultaneously in bright flare kernels during the period of hard X-ray emission. It is shown that, to within observational errors, the impulsive phase momentum transported by the upflowing soft X-ray plasma is equivalent to that of the downward moving chromospheric material.

The effectiveness of 1H decoupling in the 13C MAS NMR of paramagnetic solids: An experimental case study incorporating copper(II) amino acid complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willans, Mathew J.; Sears, Devin N.; Wasylishen, Roderick E.

2008-03-01

The use of continuous-wave (CW) 1H decoupling has generally provided little improvement in the 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy of paramagnetic organic solids. Recent solid-state 13C NMR studies have demonstrated that at rapid magic-angle spinning rates CW decoupling can result in reductions in signal-to-noise and that 1H decoupling should be omitted when acquiring 13C MAS NMR spectra of paramagnetic solids. However, studies of the effectiveness of modern 1H decoupling sequences are lacking, and the performance of such sequences over a variety of experimental conditions must be investigated before 1H decoupling is discounted altogether. We have studied the performance of several commonly used advanced decoupling pulse sequences, namely the TPPM, SPINAL-64, XiX, and eDROOPY sequences, in 13C MAS NMR experiments performed under four combinations of the magnetic field strength (7.05 or 11.75 T), rotor frequency (15 or 30 kHz), and 1H rf-field strength (71, 100, or 140 kHz). The effectiveness of these sequences has been evaluated by comparing the 13C signal intensity, linewidth at half-height, LWHH, and coherence lifetimes, T2', of the methine carbon of copper(II) bis( DL-alanine) monohydrate, Cu(ala) 2·H 2O, and methylene carbon of copper(II) bis( DL-2-aminobutyrate), Cu(ambut) 2, obtained with the advanced sequences to those obtained without 1H decoupling, with CW decoupling, and for fully deuterium labelled samples. The latter have been used as model compounds with perfect 1H decoupling and provide a measure of the efficiency of the 1H decoupling sequence. Overall, the effectiveness of 1H decoupling depends strongly on the decoupling sequence utilized, the experimental conditions and the sample studied. Of the decoupling sequences studied, the XiX sequence consistently yielded the best results, although any of the advanced decoupling sequences strongly outperformed the CW sequence and provided improvements over no 1H decoupling. Experiments performed at 7.05 T demonstrate

[Three theses on urethral disease].

PubMed

Chesa-Ponce, N

2012-01-01

To inform about three doctorate theses on urethral stenosis, presented in the University of Paris and Montpellier by Spanish authors. Of the Canary Island students who studied medicine in France during the xix century and beginning of the xx century, three stand out for having chosen the same subject for presentation of their doctorate thesis. We briefly analyze their biographies, placing special emphasis on the content of their doctorate thesis. Urethral stenosis was a very mentioned disease during the period studied due to its high incidence. We distinguish the therapeutic changes contributed in the three theses studied. Copyright © 2012 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Proceedings of the 19th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castro, Stephanie (Compiler); Morton, Thomas (Compiler)

2007-01-01

The 19th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference (SPRAT XIX) was held September 20 to 22, 2005, at the Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI) in Brook Park, Ohio. The SPRAT Conference, hosted by the Photovoltaic and Space Environments Branch of the NASA Glenn Research Center, brought together representatives of the space photovoltaic community from around the world to share the latest advances in space solar cell technology. This year's conference continued to build on many of the trends shown in SPRAT XVIII-the continued advances of thin-film and multijunction solar cell technologies and the new issues required to qualify those types of cells for space applications.

[Auguste Ambroise Tardiue--the pre-eminent forensic medical scientist and children's rights advocate].

PubMed

Kemeneva, Iu V

2014-01-01

This article is devoted to the outstanding forensic medical expert whose activities exerted the great influence on the development of forensic medicine in France and all over the world. The paper present the biographical facts concerning A A Tardiue and characterizes the contribution he made to different field of forensic medicine in the middle of the XIX century including various forms of child abuse and neglect. A brief summary of the circumstances of some court trials in which A A Tardiue participated in the capacity of a forensic medical expert is presented in conjunction with the overview of his three most important written works.

Minor planets and related objects. XIX - Shape and pole orientation of /39/ Laetitia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sather, R. E.

1976-01-01

Results are reported for analyses of UBV photoelectric photometric data and light curves of the asteroid Laetitia. The pole orientation is determined using a technique for reducing the scatter in the magnitude-phase relation. No significant variations in color are found over the surface, and the light curves are found to indicate topographic elements (peaks, scarps, or depressions) approximately 10 km in radius. It is shown that the light-curve amplitudes as well as the wide scatter in observed magnitude and phase relation can be explained by a triaxial ellipsoidal figure with a dimensional ratio of about 15:9:5. It is concluded that the size, shape, and composition of this asteroid are highly suggestive of a major collisional fragment from a substantially more massive differentiated parent body.

Financial Statistics, 1980-81. Our Colleges and Universities Today. Volume XIX, Number 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hottinger, Gerald W.

Financial statistics for Pennsylvania colleges and universities for the fiscal year (FY) ending 1981, for 1971-1972 through 1980-1981, and for 1977-1978 through 1980-1981 are presented, along with narrative descriptions of financial trends at the institutions. Information includes the following: current-funds revenues by institutional control;…

Wavelength Measurements of Ni L-shell Lines between 9 and 15 A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Ming F.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.; Chen, H.; Thorn, D. B.; Kahn, S. M.

2006-09-01

We present accurate wavelength measurements of nikel L-shell X-ray lines resulting from Δ n ≥ 1 transitions (mostly, 2 - 3 transitions) between 9 and 15 Å. We have used the electron beam ion trap, SuperEBIT, at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and a flat field grating spectrometer to record the spectra. Most significant emission lines of Ni XIX -- XXVI in our spectral coverage are identified. The resulting data set provides valuable input in the analyses of high resolution X-ray spectra of stellar coronae sources, including the Sun. This work was performed under the auspices of U.S. DOE contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, and supported by NASA APRA Grant NAG5-5419.

[YESTERDAY'S CLINICIANS: JUDGEMENTS AND REQUESTS IN THREE LETTERS OF NIGRISOLI, MURRI, AND GALDI].

PubMed

Cagli, Vito

2014-01-01

We present here three interesting documents which allow us to have a quick look at some aspects of the professional life of Italian teachers of internal medicine at the end of XIX century. A typewritten copy of a letter sent, on 23 February 1877, by Augusto Murri, professor of internal medicine at the University of Bologna, to Francesco Crispi, Speaker of the Italian Parliament. This document was enclosed in a letter dated 6 March 1937 from Bartolo Nigrisoli, a distingued surgeon of Bologna, to Francesco Galdi, clinician of the University of Pisa. The third document is a handwritten reply from Galdi to Nigrisoli. Relevant information in all three documents are commented upon.

Recombining plasma in the remnant of a core-collapsed supernova, Kes 17

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Washino, Ryosaku; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Nobukawa, Masayoshi; Tsuru, Takeshi Go; Tanaka, Takaaki; Kawabata Nobukawa, Kumiko; Koyama, Katsuji

2016-06-01

We report on Suzaku results concerning Kes 17, a Galactic mixed-morphology supernova remnant. The X-ray spectrum of the whole Kes 17 is well explained by a pure thermal plasma, in which we found Lyα of Al XIII and Heα of Al XII, Ar XVII, and Ca XIX lines for the first time. The abundance pattern and the plasma mass suggest that Kes 17 is a remnant of a core-collapsed supernova of a 25-30 M⊙ progenitor star. The X-ray spectrum of the north region is expressed by a recombining plasma. The origin would be due to the cooling of electrons by thermal conduction to molecular clouds located near the north region.

[Posthumous nomination for Medicine Nobel Prizes II. The positivism era (1849-1899)].

PubMed

Cruz-Coke, R

1997-06-01

The author proposes the nomination of great physicians of the second half of the XIX century for a posthumous Medicine Nobel Prize. The valorization given by medical historians Garrison, Lavastine, Castiglioni, Lain Entralgo and Guerra, is used to select the better candidates. One to three names are assigned by year from 1849 to 1899. Four categories of Nobel prizes are assigned: a) Basic biological disciplines, b) Clinical and surgical medicine, pathology and specialties, c) Discoverers of transcendental diseases that are eponyms and d) New medical technologies. A total of 84 nominees for the Nobel Prize are presented. These lists are presented as preliminary and tentative to allow an extensive debate about the history of medicine during the nineteenth century.

Galaxy clustering and the origin of large-scale flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Juszkiewicz, R.; Yahil, A.

1989-01-01

Peebles's 'cosmic virial theorem' is extended from its original range of validity at small separations, where hydrostatic equilibrium holds, to large separations, in which linear gravitational stability theory applies. The rms pairwise velocity difference at separation r is shown to depend on the spatial galaxy correlation function xi(x) only for x less than r. Gravitational instability theory can therefore be tested by comparing the two up to the maximum separation for which both can reliably be determined, and there is no dependence on the poorly known large-scale density and velocity fields. With the expected improvement in the data over the next few years, however, this method should yield a reliable determination of omega.

[The development of idea of psychiatric care decentralization in late XIX - early XX centuries].

PubMed

2012-01-01

The article demonstrates that over a period of many years the development of national psychiatric care in Russia followed the course of centralization. During the Zemstvo self government period the principle of decentralization was proposed on purpose to make the psychiatric care more accessible for population.

[The Grand Prince G.A. Romanov and the diagnostic capabilities of XIX century medicine].

PubMed

Kovalev, A V; Molin, Yu A

This article is devoted to the medical aspects of the biography of the Grand Prince Georgiy Romanov, the younger brother of Nikolas II, the Russian Emperor. It reports the results of the analysis of the formerly unpublished documents stored in the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). The authors present the data characterizing the level of medical care provided to the patients in Russia of that time. In addition, they describe the specific morphological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis which affected the Crown Prince and became the cause of his death.

Feasibility Study for Establishing an Insurance Program for Harper College. Volume XIX, No. 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, John A.; Normann, R. M.

In 1990, a study was conducted at William Rainey Harper College (WRHC) to determine the feasibility of establishing an insurance program at the college and to assess local employment demand for insurance personnel. The survey instrument and a proposed curriculum for an associate degree program were mailed to 144 area insurance companies and…

Feasibility Study for Hotel/Motel Career Program for Harper College. Volume XIX, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, John A.; And Others

In spring 1990, a study was conducted at William Rainey Harper College (WRHC) to determine the feasibility of adding a career program in Hotel/Motel Management (HMM) to the current Food Service Program. Surveys were sent to 53 hotels and motels in the WRHC service area to determine employment demands that would affect the hiring of graduates of…

Planck intermediate results. XIX. An overview of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Planck Collaboration; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Alina, D.; Alves, M. I. R.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; Arnaud, M.; Arzoumanian, D.; Ashdown, M.; Atrio-Barandela, F.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bracco, A.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Cardoso, J.-F.; Catalano, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chary, R.-R.; Chiang, H. C.; Christensen, P. R.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P. L.; Combet, C.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; de Bernardis, P.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; de Rosa, A.; de Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Désert, F.-X.; Dickinson, C.; Diego, J. M.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Dunkley, J.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Falgarone, E.; Ferrière, K.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Galeotta, S.; Ganga, K.; Ghosh, T.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Guillet, V.; Hansen, F. K.; Harrison, D. L.; Helou, G.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knoche, J.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J.-M.; Lasenby, A.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leahy, J. P.; Leonardi, R.; Levrier, F.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Macías-Pérez, J. F.; Maffei, B.; Magalhães, A. M.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Maris, M.; Marshall, D. J.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Matarrese, S.; Mazzotta, P.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Miville-Deschênes, M.-A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paladini, R.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Pearson, T. J.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Poidevin, F.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Popa, L.; Pratt, G. W.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J.-L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reach, W. T.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Ricciardi, S.; Riller, T.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Roudier, G.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Sandri, M.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Spencer, L. D.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A.-S.; Sygnet, J.-F.; Tauber, J. A.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

2015-04-01

This paper presents an overview of the polarized sky as seen by Planck HFI at 353 GHz, which is the most sensitive Planck channel for dust polarization. We construct and analyse maps of dust polarization fraction and polarization angle at 1° resolution, taking into account noise bias and possible systematic effects. The sensitivity of the Planck HFI polarization measurements allows for the first time a mapping of Galactic dust polarized emission on large scales, including low column density regions. We find that the maximum observed dust polarization fraction is high (pmax = 19.8%), in particular in some regions of moderate hydrogen column density (NH < 2 × 1021 cm-2). The polarization fraction displays a large scatter at NH below a few 1021 cm-2. There is a general decrease in the dust polarization fraction with increasing column density above NH ≃ 1 × 1021 cm-2 and in particular a sharp drop above NH ≃ 1.5 × 1022 cm-2. We characterize the spatial structure of the polarization angle using the angle dispersion function. We find that the polarization angle is ordered over extended areas of several square degrees, separated by filamentary structures of high angle dispersion function. These appear as interfaces where the sky projection of the magnetic field changes abruptly without variations in the column density. The polarization fraction is found to be anti-correlated with the dispersion of polarization angles. These results suggest that, at the resolution of 1°, depolarization is due mainly to fluctuations in the magnetic field orientation along the line of sight, rather than to the loss of grain alignment in shielded regions. We also compare the polarization of thermal dust emission with that of synchrotron measured with Planck, low-frequency radio data, and Faraday rotation measurements toward extragalactic sources. These components bear resemblance along the Galactic plane and in some regions such as the Fan and North Polar Spur regions. The poor match observed in other regions shows, however, that dust, cosmic-ray electrons, and thermal electrons generally sample different parts of the line of sight. Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

Geological and Geographical Atlas of Colorado and portions of adjacent territory

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hayden, Ferdinand Vandeveer; Bien, Julius

1881-01-01

Sheets I-IV are triangulations, drainage, land classification, and geologic maps of Colorado west of longitude 102°, on the scale of 12 miles to the inch. Sheets V-XVI are topographic (contour) and geologic maps of Colorado and adjacent States, between meridians 104° 30' and 109° 30' and parallels 36° 45' and 40° 30', on the scale of 4 miles to the inch. Sheets XVII and XVIII contain three geologic sections across the State, west of the longitude 104° 30'. Sheets XIX and XX are panoramic views of the Pikes Peak group, Sawatch Range, central portion of West Elk Mountains, Twin Lakes, southwestern border of the Mesa Verde, San Juan Mountains, and La Plata Mountains.

Geological and Geographical Atlas of Colorado and portions of adjacent territory

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hayden, Ferdinand Vandeveer; Bien, Julius

1877-01-01

Sheets I-IV are triangulations, drainage, land classification, and geologic maps of Colorado west of longitude 102°, on the scale of 12 miles to the inch. Sheets V-XVI are topographic (contour) and geologic maps of Colorado and adjacent States, between meridians 104° 30' and 109° 30' and parallels 36° 45' and 40° 30', on the scale of 4 miles to the inch. Sheets XVII and XVIII contain three geologic sections across the State, west of the longitude 104° 30'. Sheets XIX and XX are panoramic views of the Pikes Peak group, Sawatch Range, central portion of West Elk Mountains, Twin Lakes, southwestern border of the Mesa Verde, San Juan Mountains, and La Plata Mountains.

Non-conventional technologies for data collection in Brazilian dissertations and theses.

PubMed

Salvador, Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira Martins; de Lima, Kálya Yasmine Nunes; Alves, Kisna Yasmin Andrade; Santos, Viviane Euzébia Pereira

2015-01-01

to characterize non-conventional technologies used for data collection of dissertations and theses available in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations (CEPEn) of the Brazilian Nursing Association (ABEn). this is a documentary research, whose data were collected in the catalogs of theses and dissertations available at the ABEn website, from Volumes XIX to XXI. The indicators collected were: academic level; educational institution; year; qualification of the author; setting; non-conventional technology used; type of technology; association with conventional techniques; methodological design; benefits and methodological limitations. from a total of 6346 studies, only 121 (1.91%) used non-conventional technologies for data collection, representing the fi nal sample of the study. it is concluded that Brazilian Nursing researches still need methodological innovations for data collection.

Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Materials for Transducer Applications. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-31

compo sition No. i, 24.S kV/cm oaxmposition No. 12 and 29 kV/cm ofomposi. sitsm No. 4. tia No. 4. 62 J. ApI . P M., Vol. 6,, No. 12. 15 Oecenulm ItOU Pan...symmetry Pm3m is I I: G 1 = 3Xo(T-To)P32 + P34 + P36 + 13032 + v034 +0P32032 - 1/2sll(X12+X22+X32)- S12(XIX 2+X2X 3+X3XI) - 1/2s44(X4 2 + X52 + X62) - (Qi 1...Piewitt, Acta Cryst. B25, 925 (1969). FIG. 7. Inhomogeneous order in a PST ceramic grain. 5L . E. Cross, Ferroelectrics 76, 241-267 (1987). J. Mater

[Ethics, culture and psychiatry: the ethics of Mediterranean Europe].

PubMed

López-Ibor, Juan-José; Crespo, Hervás

2003-09-01

The defence of the rights of the person, in Mediterranean ethics, is based on a synthesis of civic humanism and liberalism, derived from the spirit of Greek democracy and Enlightenment, and including the achievements of the XIX and XX centuries. It tempers liberalism with the principles of social welfare. Present bioethics, specialy in European countries, try to integrate both the mediterranean ethics of virtues and the anglosaxon ethics of principles, further adding and integrating a social element, the principle of solidarity and distributive justice (equity). Therefore, European ethics do not proclaim the autonomy of persons and the independence of the individual from society, but the interdependency of persons and nations. They advocate a greater equity and a better management of resources in health care.

Anomalous D-Log E curve with high contrast developer Kodak D8 on ultra fine grain emulsion BB640.

PubMed

Ulibarrena, M; Mendez, M; Blaya, S; Fimia, A

2001-12-03

D-Log E curves, also known as H-D curves, are used since the XIX century as a tool for describing the characteristics of silver halide emulsions. This curve has a very standard shape, with a linear region, a toe, a shoulder and a solarization region. In this work we present a distortion of the usual curve due to the action of a high contrast developer, Kodak D8, on an ultra fine grain emulsion, BB640\\cite{ov04}. The solarization effect is replaced by a linear zone where developed densities increase with increasing exposures, until all silver halide present in the emulsion is reduced by developer D8 to metallic silver. Densities higher than 11 have been obtained.

[For a history of medical teaching in the 'Marche". Libraries and universities: Lancisi and the University Library of Urbino].

PubMed

Fortuna, Stefania; Moranti, Maria; Patti, Maria

2004-01-01

During the Modern Age, in the Marche, in the Pontifical State, it was possible to study medicine and to obtain a degree in medicine in Macerata, Fermo, Urbino, Camerino and Fano. In these cities, from the end of the XVII century to the beginning of the XIX century, public libraries were founded also to support academic teaching. Private collections of medical books, generally formed in Rome, arrived in the Marche to increase the newborn public libraries. In 1720 Pope Clemens XI founded a public library in the monastery of Saint Francis in Urbino. In this library the medical books were bequeathed by the famous Roman physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi. The present article provides the first results of a research, which aims at identifying Lancisi's medical books.

Teaching Astronomy at the Moscow University at the Beginning of the XIX Century (1811-1826).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gribko, L. P.

2016-04-01

Teaching astronomy at the Imperial Moscow University in 1811-1826 is reviewed. Lectures in astronomy (as a dedicated course or a part of other courses) were ontinually taught at the Moscow University. During 12 scholar years from 1811-1812 to 1823-1824, except for 1812-1813 during the Patriotic War with France) astronomy was taught in four scholar years by Pankevich (1 year), Chumakov (2 years), Popov (1 year); during five years Chumakov taught optics. Since the 1824-1825 scholar year astronomy was taught on a regular basis by Perevoshchikov. At the same time the chair of the observing astronomer remained vacant for 15 years because of the War of 1812 and of the untimely death of the young, promising magister Alexander Bugrov.

Tips for a physician in getting the right job, part XIX: introduction to employment contracts.

PubMed

Harolds, Jay

2015-02-01

It is very helpful for physicians searching for a job to know a little about employment contracts. This article summarizes some important principles about contracts and some of their clauses. The article also emphasizes the importance of having the understandings regarding employment put in a formal written contract. This article may help the candidate avoid certain difficulties and may help in contract negotiations. However, this article is not a substitute for legal advice, and all physicians should consult a lawyer before signing an employment contract.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: PHAT. XIX. Formation history of M31 disk (Williams+, 2017)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, B. F.; Dolphin, A. E.; Dalcanton, J. J.; Weisz, D. R.; Bell, E. F.; Lewis, A. R.; Rosenfield, P.; Choi, Y.; Skillman, E.; Monachesi, A.

2018-05-01

The data for this study come from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey (Dalcanton+ 2012ApJS..200...18D ; Williams+ 2014, J/ApJS/215/9). Briefly, PHAT is a multiwavelength HST survey mapping 414 contiguous HST fields of the northern M31 disk and bulge in six broad wavelength bands from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. The survey obtained data in the F275W and F336W bands with the UVIS detectors of the Wide-Field Camera 3 (WFC3) camera, the F475W and F814W bands in the WFC detectors of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) camera, and the F110W and F160W bands in the IR detectors of the WFC3 camera. (4 data files).

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1993-01-01

Concerning comets: 1973 XII Kohoutek, 1975 IX Kobayashi-Berger-Milon, 1976 VI West, 1976 XI P/d'Arrest, 1977 XIV Kohler, 1979 X Bradfield, 1980 X P/Stephan-Oterma, 1980 XV Bradfield, 1981 II Panther, 1982 VI Austin, 1983 V Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa, 1983 VII IRAS-Araki-Alcock, 1983 XIII P/Kopff, 1984 XIII Austin, 1984 XXIII Levy-Rudenko, 1985 XIII P/Giacobini-Zinner, 1985 XVII Hartley-Good, 1985 XIX Thiele, 1986 I P/Boethin, 1986 III P/Halley, 1986 XVIII Terasako, 1987 II Sorrells, 1987 III Nishikawa-Takamizawa-Tago, 1987 X P/Grigg-Skjellerup, 1987 XXIII Rudenko, 1987 XXIX Bradfield, 1987 XXXII McNaught, 1987 XXXIII P/Borrelly, 1988 IV Furuyama, 1988 V Liller, 1988 XIV P/Tempel 2, 1988 XV Machholz, 1988 XX Yanaka, 1988 XXIV Yanaka, 1989 X P/Brorsen-Metcalf, 1989 XV P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 1989 XIX Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, 1989 XXI Helin-Roman-Alu, 1989 XXII Aarseth-Brewington, 1990 III Černis-Kiuchi-Nakamura, 1990 VI Skorichenko-George, 1990 VIII P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, 1990 IX P/Peters-Hartley, 1990 X P/Wild 4, 1990 XIV P/Honda Mrkos-Pajdušáková, 1990 XVII Tsuchiya-Kiuchi, 1990 XXI P/Encke, 1990 XXVI Arai, 1991 XI P/Levy, 1991 XV P/Hartley 2, 1991 XVI P/Wirtanen, 1991 XVII P/Arend-Rigaux, 1991 XXI P/Faye, 1991 XXIII P/Shoemaker 1, 1991 XXIV Shoemaker-Levy, 1991l Helin-Lawrence, 1991ο P/Chernykh, 1991r Helin-Alu, 1991a1 Shoemaker-Levy, 1991g1 Zanotta-Brewington, 1991h1 Mueller, 1912d Tanaka-Machholz, 1992f P/Shoemaker-Levy 8, 1992k Machholz, 1992l P/Giclas, 1992p P/Brewington, 1992q Helin-Lawrence, 1992s P/Ciffréo, 1992t P/Swift-Tuttle, 1992u P/Väisälä, 1992x P/Schaumasse, 1992y Shoemaker, 1992a1 Ohshita, 1993a Mueller, P/Smirnova-Chernykh.

Increased fructose intake as a risk factor for dementia.

PubMed

Stephan, B C M; Wells, J C K; Brayne, C; Albanese, E; Siervo, M

2010-08-01

The transition in the world age demographic toward older age is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Risk profiles for dementia may also be changing. Obesity and type 2 diabetes have increased in prevalence in the last half-century and have been associated with increased dementia risk. Specific changes in nutrition may also represent a direct risk. A diet transition in the United States has occurred in the intake of refined sugar, particularly high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) from a yearly estimate of 8.1 kg/person at the beginning of the XIX century to a current estimate of 65 kg/person. This article considers the association between refined sugar intake, markers of cardiovascular disease risk, and the possible promotion of the development of dementia.

[Religious and pharmacie in France after the french révolution].

PubMed

Bonnemain, Bruno

2004-01-01

The Germinal an XI law is supposed to close a period of time where several people were allowed to prepare and deliver drugs. Concerning clergy, this law will not be totally applied. Several priests and religious, during the XIXe century, will create and distribute pharmaceutical products. Oudin, Cottance and Chaupitre, all priests, are a few of key examples. L'abbé Perdrigeon was a priest that discover his calling to cure by treating Napoleon III's soldiers during 1870 war. It remains form it the so-called "Contrecoups de l' Abbé Perdrigeon ", product still commercialized. The present publication describes the legal and cultural feature in which illegal exercise of Pharmacy and Medicine took place by clergy, and the reasons why priests and nuns wanted to pursue this usage until the 1941 law.

[The history of cesarean section].

PubMed

Aubard, Y; Le Meur, Y; Grandjean, M H; Baudet, J H

1995-01-01

The origins of the Cesarian section date back to the Classical era, and possible even earlier. Ancient India, the Hebrews, the Grecks and the Romans were all familiar with post-mortem Cesarian section. The operation marked time during the Middle Ages. The name "Cesarian section" was first used to designate this operation during the Renaissance period, when it was first carried out in live women. However, until the middle of XIX th century, a Cesarian remained a last chance option which was cautioned against by most obstetricians. It was only after the advent of the "surgical golden tripod" that the Cesarian was gradually rehabilitated through the work of Poro, Kherer and Sanger and the German School. In the XIXth century, segmental incision became the norm and fetal indications for a Cesarian emerged.

The Digital Von Fahrenheid Pyramid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bura, M.; Janowski, J.; Wężyk, P.; Zięba, K.

2017-08-01

3D Scanners Lab from Digital Humanities Laboratory at the University of Warsaw initiated the scientific project, the purpose of which was to call attention to systematically penetrated and devastated pyramid-shaped tomb from the XVIII/XIX century, of family von Fahrenheid in Rapa in Banie Mazurskie commune (NE Poland). By conducting a series of non-invasive studies, such as 3D inventory using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), thermal imaging, georadar measurements (around and inside the tomb) and anthropological research of mummified remains as well - the complete dataset was collected. Through the integration of terrestrial (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) authors managed to analyse the surroundings of Fahrenheid pyriamid and influence of some objects (like trees) on the condition and visibility of the Pyramids in the landscape.

Revisiting the Schönbein ozone measurement methodology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramírez-González, Ignacio A.; Añel, Juan A.; Saiz-López, Alfonso; García-Feal, Orlando; Cid, Antonio; Mejuto, Juan Carlos; Gimeno, Luis

2017-04-01

Trough the XIX century the Schönbein method gained a lot of popularity by its easy way to measure tropospheric ozone. Traditionally it has been considered that Schönbein measurements are not accurate enough to be useful. Detractors of this method argue that it is sensitive to meteorological conditions, being the most important the influence of relative humidity. As a consequence the data obtained by this method have usually been discarded. Here we revisit this method taking into account that values measured during the 19th century were taken using different measurement papers. We explore several concentrations of starch and potassium iodide, the basis for this measurement method. Our results are compared with the previous ones existing in the literature. The validity of the Schönbein methodology is discussed having into account humidity and other meteorological variables.

Convenience of Statistical Approach in Studies of Architectural Ornament and Other Decorative Elements Specific Application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Priemetz, O.; Samoilov, K.; Mukasheva, M.

2017-11-01

An ornament is an actual phenomenon of the architecture modern theory, a common element in the practice of design and construction. It has been an important aspect of shaping for millennia. The description of the methods of its application occupies a large place in the studies on the theory and practice of architecture. However, the problem of the saturation of compositions with ornamentation, the specificity of its themes and forms have not been sufficiently studied yet. This aspect requires accumulation of additional knowledge. The application of quantitative methods for the plastic solutions types and a thematic diversity of facade compositions of buildings constructed in different periods creates another tool for an objective analysis of ornament development. It demonstrates the application of this approach for studying the features of the architectural development in Kazakhstan at the end of the XIX - XXI centuries.

Lighting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Audin, L.

1994-12-31

EPAct covers a vast territory beyond lighting and, like all legislation, also contains numerous {open_quotes}favors,{close_quotes} compromises, and even some sleight-of-hand. Tucked away under Title XIX, for example, is an increase from 20% to 28% tax on gambling winnings, effective January 1, 1993 - apparently as a way to help pay for new spending listed elsewhere in the bill. Overall, it is a landmark piece of legislation, about a decade overdue. It remains to be seen how the Federal Government will enforce upgrading of state (or even their own) energy codes. There is no mention of funding for {open_quotes}energy police{close_quotes} inmore » EPAct. Merely creating such a national standard, however, provides a target for those who sincerely wish to create an energy-efficient future.« less

[Sanitary conditions, health care and epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Cracow in the period of Galicia autonomy (since 60ties/70ties of 19th century until 1914)].

PubMed

Berner, Włodzimierz

2008-01-01

After Galicia had received autonomy at the turn of the 60s and 70s of the XIX century in Cracow the changes in order to repair long-running neglects were introduced. In order to fulfill this aim, cobbled pavement surfaces of the roads as well as sewage and water supply systems were constructed. District sanitary physicians (ten physicians in 1914 after in 1910-1912 neglected suburbs were attached to the city) were supposed to inspect health care of inhabitants. In spite of remarkable results (especially during the ten years before the World War I) there were many challenges, also concerning improvement of housing conditions. Among the most dangerous diseases predominated tuberculosis, followed by scarlet fever, diphteria, measles and whooping cough, typhoid fever and dysentery. Recrudescent typhus fever and smallpox did not cause considerable health danger any more.

Ancient Cosmology, superfine structure of the Universe and Anthropological Principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arakelyan, Hrant; Vardanyan, Susan

2015-07-01

The modern cosmology by its spirit, conception of the Big Bang is closer to the ancient cosmology, than to the cosmological paradigm of the XIX century. Repeating the speculations of the ancients, but using at the same time subtle mathematical methods and relying on the steadily accumulating empirical material, the modern theory tends to a quantitative description of nature, in which increasing role are playing the numerical ratios between the physical constants. The detailed analysis of the influence of the numerical values -- of physical quantities on the physical state of the universe revealed amazing relations called fine and hyperfine tuning. In order to explain, why the observable universe comes to be a certain set of interrelated fundamental parameters, in fact a speculative anthropic principle was proposed, which focuses on the fact of the existence of sentient beings.

Soap-stone in architecture of North European cities. A nomination as a candidate for a Global Heritage Stones Resource

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulakh, Andrey

2016-04-01

Soap stone represents soft Proterozoic rock type from the deposit Nunnalahti situated on the western shore of the big Lake Pielinen in Eastern Finland. It consists of talc (40 - 50 %), magnesite MgCO3 (40 - 50 %), chlorite (5 - 8 %), dolomite, calcite, etc. The colour of the stone is very spectacular and varies from yellow and brownish-yellow to grey, greenish grey. The soft stone is a highly workable material for a sculptor's chisel. It was one of the most popular ornamental rocks used architecture of the Modern style in St Petersburg, Helsinki, Turku, Tampere and other North European cities lately in the XIX-th centuries. Examples are given and discussed. References: Bulakh, A.G., Abakumova, N.B., and Romanovsky, J.V. St Petersburg: a History in Stone. 2010. Print House of St Petersburg State University. 173 p. (In English).

A novel observational test of momentum balance in a solar flare

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canfield, Richard C.; Metcalf, Thomas R.; Strong, Keith T.; Zarro, Dominic M.

1987-01-01

A unique combination of SMM X-ray spectra and Sacramento Peak Observatory H-alpha imaging spectra has been used, for the first time, to measure and compare momentum values of upflowing and downflowing plasmas during the impulsive phase of a solar flare. The well-known blue asymmetry of X-ray spectral lines, indicative of upflow, was observed in the coronal Ca XIX line. The red asymmetry of H-alpha line profiles, indicative of downflow, was simultaneously observed in bright H-alpha kernels. It is found that, to within observational uncertainty, the momentum transported by the upflowing X-ray plasma was the same as that of the downflowing H-alpha material. Of the several physical mechanisms advanced to explain the observed blue asymmetry of X-ray lines, only explosive chromospheric evaporation predicts oppositely directed momenta of equal magnitude.

THE NEXT GENERATION VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY. XIX. TOMOGRAPHY OF MILKY WAY SUBSTRUCTURES IN THE NGVS FOOTPRINT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lokhorst, Deborah; Starkenburg, Else; Navarro, Julio F.

2016-03-10

The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) is a deep u*giz survey targeting the Virgo Cluster of galaxies at 16.5 Mpc. This survey provides high-quality photometry over an ∼100 deg{sup 2} region straddling the constellations of Virgo and Coma Berenices. This sightline through the Milky Way is noteworthy in that it intersects two of the most prominent substructures in the Galactic halo: the Virgo overdensity (VOD) and Sagittarius stellar stream (close to its bifurcation point). In this paper, we use deep u*gi imaging from the NGVS to perform tomography of the VOD and Sagittarius stream using main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) starsmore » as a halo tracer population. The VOD, whose centroid is known to lie at somewhat lower declinations (α ∼ 190°, δ ∼ −5°) than is covered by the NGVS, is nevertheless clearly detected in the NGVS footprint at distances between ∼8 and 25 kpc. By contrast, the Sagittarius stream is found to slice directly across the NGVS field at distances between 25 and 40 kpc, with a density maximum at ≃35 kpc. No evidence is found for new substructures beyond the Sagittarius stream, at least out to a distance of ∼90 kpc—the largest distance to which we can reliably trace the halo using MSTO stars. We find clear evidence for a distance gradient in the Sagittarius stream across the ∼30° of sky covered by the NGVS and its flanking fields. We compare our distance measurements along the stream with those predicted by leading stream models.« less

The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XIX. The Identification of Sucrose Phosphate in Sugar Beet Leaves

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Buchanan, J. G.

1952-09-01

The recognition and characterization of a sucrose phosphate as an intermediate in sucrose by synthesis by green plants is described. A tentative structure for this phosphate is proposed and its mode of formation suggested.

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1991-07-01

Concerning comets: 1957 III Arend-Roland, 1957 V Mrkos, 1958 III Burnham, 1959 III Bester-Hoffmeister, 1959 VI Alcock, 1959 VIII P/Giacobini-Zinner, 1960 I P/Wild 1, 1960 II Burnham, 1960 III P/Schaumasse, 1960 VIII P/Finlay, 1961 V Wilson-Hubbard, 1961 VIII Seki, 1962 III Seki-Lines, 1962 VIII Humason, 1963 I Ikeya, 1963 III Alcock, 1963 V Pereyra, 1964 VI Tomita-Gerber-Honda, 1964 VIII Ikeya, 1964 IX Everhart, 1979 X Bradfield, 1980 X P/Stephan-Oterma, 1980 XII Meier, 1980 XIII P/Tuttle, 1981 II Panther, 1982 I Bowell, 1982 IV P/Grigg-Skjellerup, 1982 VII P/d'Arrest, 1986 III P/Halley, 1987 IV Shoemaker, 1987 XII P/Hartley 3, 1987 XIX P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2, 1987 XXIX Bradfield, 1987 XXX Levy, 1987 XXXII McNaught, 1987 XXXIII P/Borrelly, 1987 XXXVI P/Parker-Hartley, 1987 XXXVII P/Helin- Roman-Alu 1, 1988 III Shoemaker-Holt, 1988 V Liller, 1988 VIII P/Ge-Wang, 1988 XI P/Shoemaker-Holt 2, 1988 XIV P/Tempel 2, 1988 XV Machholz, 1988 XX Yanaka, 1988 XXI Shoemaker, 1988 XXIV Yanaka, 1989 III Shoemaker, 1989 V Shoemaker-Holt-Rodriquez, 1989 VIII P/Pons-Winnecke, 1989 X P/Brorsen-Metcalf, 1989 XI P/Gunn, 1989 XIII P/Lovas 1, 1989 XVIII McKenzie-Russell, 1989 XIX Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, 1989 XX P/Clark, 1989 XXI Helin-Ronan-Alu, 1989 XXII Aarseth-Brewington, 1989h P/Van Biesbroeck, 1989t P/Wild 2, 1989u P/Kearns-Kwee, 1989c1 Austin, 1989e1 Skorichenko-George, 1990a P/Wild 4, 1990b Černis-Kiuchi-Nakamura, 1990c Levy, 1990e P/Wolf-Harrington, 1990f P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková, 1990g McNaught-Hughes, 1990i Tsuchiya-Kiuchi, 1990n P/Taylor, 1990ο P/Shoemaker-Levy 1, 1991a P/Metcalf-Brewington, 1991b Arai, 1991c P/Swift-Gehrels, 1991d Shoemaker-Levy, 1991e P/Shoemaker-Levy 3, 1991h P/Takamizawa, 1991j P/Hartley 1, 1991k P/Mrkos, 1991l Helin-Lawrence, 1991n P/Faye, 1991q P/Levy, 1991t P/Hartley 2, P/Encke, P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1.

Financing family planning services: is categorical legislation still needed?

PubMed

Mcfarlane, D R; Meier, K J

1991-01-01

Federal and state funds have provided for family planning services in American since the 1960s. Since 1976, services have been funded principally through federal statutes Title X of the Public Health Service Act and Titles V, XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act as well as various state appropriations. While these statutes aim to ensure that women of lower socioeconomic status enjoy access to reproductive health care services, levels of public expenditure in this area vary widely among states. In 1987, public family planning expenditures/woman at risk ranged from $60.16 in Wisconsin to $9.41 in Florida. Within this range of expenditures, the relative importance of each funding source per state varies widely. States with the most robust Title XIX programs, Medicaid, however, have highest per woman family planning expenditures. Upon reviewing the complement of public funding sources and how they are spent at the state level, the authors argue that categorical legislation is still needed to protect access to contraceptive services in America. In particular, of funds from supporting statues, Medicaid is distributed most equitable across the country. These funds paid for 36% of all public outlays for family planning in 1987. Without categorical legislation, however, Medicaid is insufficient to maintain the national family planning effort; the 1987 contribution of $10.49/woman at risk of unwanted pregnancy was insufficient to provide minimum services. Title X requires grantees to follow regulations which ensure state uniformity of quality and service distribution; submission of annual 5-year plans to Congress on how family planning goals will be achieved; and also authorizes monies for training and research. Despite political attacks, family planning funding must remain separate from maternal and child health programs. Such independence will keep these services politically visible; allow use of the more extensive family planning delivery system; catalyze states to

[Between 100 and 200 years before the microbiome…].

PubMed

Cribier, B

2015-01-01

Before the era of microbiote, our ancestors patiently discovered, described and cultivated pathogens, including those responsible for dermatoses. The very well known ectoparasites were represented in the earliest books on cutaneous diseases at the end of XVIII(th) century and the first half of the XIX(th) century. Fungi were discovered in the 1840s, rapidly followed by numerous bacteria, including those causing tuberculosis and lepra. This article is illustrated by images that often showed for the first time parasites and bacteria in books dedicated to cutaneous diseases. Engravings and photographs from the books of Willan, Rayer and Hardy show accurate images of pathogens. Microscopic images can also be found in the textbooks of Simon, Leloir, Sabouraud, Unna and many others. Darier himself believed that "Darier's disease" was due to a parasite, which explains why he named his disease "Vegetant follicular psorospermosis". Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[The 175th anniversary of the District Military Clinical Hospital of the Leningrad Military District].

PubMed

Liutov, V V

2010-09-01

For 175 years a hospital made a great contribution to the development of national health care, gaining a wealth experience in high quality health care for the soldiers. Especially the biggest merit was made by the hospital during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, when 82% of the wounded soldiers ware returned for further service. The hospital was glorified by famous medical scientists of XIX-XX-centuries, such as: V. Bekhterev, R. Wreden, N. Sklifosovsky, P. Kupriyanov, N. Petrov and others. Currently, the hospital takes a worthy place among the best military medical agencies of Russian Armed Forces. The hospital is equipped with modern medical equipment. There work highly qualified personnel: 17 distinguished doctors of the Russian Federation, 2 doctors and 27 candidates of medical sciences. In practice the hospital successfully uses achievements of the leading Russian military medical facilities. The staff treat with care historical traditions of the hospital.

Investigating new activators for small-bandgap LaX3 (X = Br, I) scintillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rutstrom, Daniel; Collette, Robyn; Stand, Luis; Loyd, Matthew; Wu, Yuntao; Koschan, Merry; Melcher, Charles L.; Zhuravleva, Mariya

2018-02-01

Luminescence and scintillation properties of Bi3+, Sb3+, and Eu2+-doped LaI3 and LaBr3 were explored. Out of the three dopants investigated, Eu2+ was the most promising new activator for small-bandgap LaX3 (X = Br, I) and was further studied in the mixed-halide LaBr3-xIx. Crystals were grown from the melt using the vertical Bridgman method. LaBr3:Eu2+ 0.5% (mol) had the most favorable scintillation properties with a light output of 43,000 ph/MeV and 6% energy resolution at 662 keV. Performance of LaBr3-xIx:Eu2+ worsened for most samples as iodide concentration was increased. Room-temperature scintillation of LaI3:Eu2+ 0.1% and 0.5% was observed and is the first case of room-temperature emission reported for doped LaI3.

Computational physics of the mind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duch, Włodzisław

1996-08-01

In the XIX century and earlier physicists such as Newton, Mayer, Hooke, Helmholtz and Mach were actively engaged in the research on psychophysics, trying to relate psychological sensations to intensities of physical stimuli. Computational physics allows to simulate complex neural processes giving a chance to answer not only the original psychophysical questions but also to create models of the mind. In this paper several approaches relevant to modeling of the mind are outlined. Since direct modeling of the brain functions is rather limited due to the complexity of such models a number of approximations is introduced. The path from the brain, or computational neurosciences, to the mind, or cognitive sciences, is sketched, with emphasis on higher cognitive functions such as memory and consciousness. No fundamental problems in understanding of the mind seem to arise. From a computational point of view realistic models require massively parallel architectures.

XIX Tactical Air Command and Ultra: Patton’s Force Enhancers in the 1944 Campaign in France

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-06-01

forces in Montargis, Eddy did “keep going,” and his 4th Armored Division drove forty miles to the outskirts of Troyes , defeating the German forces there...then proceeded to Reims. Further to the south, XII Corps traveled from Troyes to Vitry-le-Francois with little difficulty, and then crossed the Marne

The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XIX. Physical properties of low luminosity FIR sources at z < 0.5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pappalardo, Ciro; Bizzocchi, Luca; Fritz, Jacopo; Boselli, Alessandro; Boquien, Mederic; Boissier, Samuel; Baes, Maarten; Ciesla, Laure; Bianchi, Simone; Clemens, Marcel; Viaene, Sebastien; Bendo, George J.; De Looze, Ilse; Smith, Matthew W. L.; Davies, Jonathan

2016-05-01

Context. The star formation rate is a crucial parameter for the investigation galaxy evolution. At low redshift the cosmic star formation rate density declines smoothly, and massive active galaxies become passive, reducing their star formation activity. This implies that the bulk of the star formation rate density at low redshift is mainly driven by low mass objects. Aims: We investigate the properties of a sample of low luminosity far-infrared sources selected at 250 μm. We have collected data from ultraviolet to far-infrared in order to perform a multiwavelengths analysis. The main goal is to investigate the correlation between star formation rate, stellar mass, and dust mass for a galaxy population with a wide range in dust content and stellar mass, including the low mass regime that most probably dominates the star formation rate density at low redshift. Methods: We define a main sample of ~800 sources with full spectral energy distribution coverage between 0.15 <λ< 500 μm and an extended sample with ~5000 sources in which we remove the constraints on the ultraviolet and near-infrared bands. We analyze both samples with two different spectral energy distribution fitting methods: MAGPHYS and CIGALE, which interpret a galaxy spectral energy distribution as a combination of different simple stellar population libraries and dust emission templates. Results: In the star formation rate versus stellar mass plane our samples occupy a region included between local spirals and higher redshift star forming galaxies. These galaxies represent the population that at z< 0.5 quenches their star formation activity and reduces their contribution to the cosmic star formation rate density. The subsample of galaxies with the higher masses (M∗> 3 × 1010 M⊙) do not lie on the main sequence, but show a small offset as a consequence of the decreased star formation. Low mass galaxies (M∗< 1 × 1010 M⊙) settle in the main sequence with star formation rate and stellar mass consistent with local spirals. Conclusions: Deep Herschel data allow the identification of a mixed galaxy population with galaxies still in an assembly phase or galaxies at the beginning of their passive evolution. We find that the dust luminosity is the parameter that allow us to discriminate between these two galaxy populations. The median spectral energy distribution shows that even at low star formation rate our galaxy sample has a higher mid-infrared emission than previously predicted. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by a European-led principal investigator consortia and with an important participation from NASA.

The XIX century smallpox prevention in Naples and the risk of transmission of human blood-related pathogens.

PubMed

Buonaguro, Franco Maria; Tornesello, Maria Lina; Buonaguro, Luigi

2015-01-27

Vaccines are the most successful strategy developed in Medicine to prevent and even eradicate the most dreadful epidemic infectious diseases. The history of smallpox vaccination in Naples is quite unique. Although Galbiati established the retro-vaccination (1803) and developed the "calf" lymph vaccine, recognized and implemented since 1864 as the optimal smallpox vaccine in the following hundred years, Naples general population was mainly vaccinated with "human" lymph from abandoned children until 1893. Mini-epidemics of syphilis and serum hepatitis were periodically reported as results of arm-to-arm procedure. The risk of transmission of blood-related pathogens was higher in Naples where >80% of abandoned children, used as repository of cowpox virus, were dying in their first year of life. Recent vaccinology standards finally eliminated the risk of adventitious contaminating pathogens. Implementation of hepatitis B vaccination since 1991 eventually contributed to current HBV prevalence in Campania region <1%, within the range of the European Countries.

The construction of human body--from model to reality.

PubMed

Motoc, A; Motoc, Marilena; Bolintineanu, S; Muşuroi, Corina; Munteanu, M

2005-01-01

The human body building represented a complex research topic for the scientist in the most diverse domains. Although their interests and reasons were different, the goal was always the same: establishing a relation to verify the ratio between the dimensions of the constituent segments It appears that the mystery was solved out in the XIX-th century by Adolf Zeising, a German, who, using the statistic calculus, defined the division of a segment by the gold section. This purely mathematic logic confirms the human body's integration in proportion to the finest segments, thus providing the technical instrument of building a fully harmonious human body. The present study aims to compare the ideal, the calculated perfection to the reality, namely the theoretically obtained values to the average values of an 18-year-old male. It appears that the differences refer especially to the limbs; both the superior ones and the inferior ones being longer comparing to the ideal pattern while the bust is shorter and broader.

Non-thermal Motions in and above Flare Loop Tops Measured by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doschek, G. A.; Warren, H. P.

2013-12-01

The plasma volume above the soft X-ray emitting loop tops is of particular interest for studying the formation of flare loops. We present observations of non-thermal motions (turbulence) determined from spectral line profiles Fe XXIII and Fe XXIV ions. We compare the non-thermal motions at temperatures near 10 MK with the motions along the same lines-of-sight determined from lines of coronal ions such as Fe XII, Fe XIV, and Fe XV formed at 1-2 MK. We discuss the results in terms of predictions of the effects of magnetic reconnection and non-thermal motion results obtained in flares from earlier X-ray Yohkoh observations of line profiles of Fe XXV and Ca XIX. Fe XXV is formed at significantly higher temperatures than any strong flare EUV spectral line observed by EIS or by imaging telescopes such as AIA or TRACE. This work is supported by a NASA Hinode grant.

The temperature of solar flares determined from X-ray spectral line ratios

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doschek, G. A.; Feldman, U.

1987-01-01

The effect on derived solar flare plasma temperatures of (1) a power-law distribution of emission measure as a function of temperature, (2) a high-temperature isothermal source coupled to a low-temperature power-law distribution of emission measure, and (3) two isothermal sources is calculated for line ratios involving the ions S XV, Ca XIX, Ca XX, Fe XXV, Ni XXVII, and Fe XXVI. It is shown that if the Fe XXV temperature is less than about 25 million K, as is true for the majority of flares, then about 75 percent or more of the emission measure is produced by plasma at temperatures equal to or less than the Fe XXV temperature plus about 3 million K. If the Fe XXV temperature is 20 million K or higher, this percentage can be larger. This result is obtained even if a superhot component exists that extends up to several hundred million degrees. Temperatures determined from Fe XXVI demonstrate the presence of a superhot component.

Distinct loops in arrestin differentially regulate ligand binding within the GPCR opsin

PubMed Central

Sommer, Martha E.; Hofmann, Klaus Peter; Heck, Martin

2012-01-01

G-protein-coupled receptors are universally regulated by arrestin binding. Here we show that rod arrestin induces uptake of the agonist all-trans-retinol in only half the population of phosphorylated opsin in the native membrane. Agonist uptake blocks subsequent entry of the inverse agonist 11-cis-retinal (that is, regeneration of rhodopsin), but regeneration is not blocked in the other half of aporeceptors. Environmentally sensitive fluorophores attached to arrestin reported that conformational changes in loopV−VI (N-domain) are coupled to the entry of agonist, while loopXVIII−XIX (C-domain) engages the aporeceptor even before agonist is added. The data are most consistent with a model in which each domain of arrestin engages its own aporeceptor, and the different binding preferences of the domains lead to asymmetric ligand binding by the aporeceptors. Such a mechanism would protect the rod cell in bright light by concurrently sequestering toxic all-trans-retinol and allowing regeneration with 11-cis-retinal. PMID:22871814

Distinct loops in arrestin differentially regulate ligand binding within the GPCR opsin.

PubMed

Sommer, Martha E; Hofmann, Klaus Peter; Heck, Martin

2012-01-01

G-protein-coupled receptors are universally regulated by arrestin binding. Here we show that rod arrestin induces uptake of the agonist all-trans-retinal [corrected] in only half the population of phosphorylated opsin in the native membrane. Agonist uptake blocks subsequent entry of the inverse agonist 11-cis-retinal (that is, regeneration of rhodopsin), but regeneration is not blocked in the other half of aporeceptors. Environmentally sensitive fluorophores attached to arrestin reported that conformational changes in loop(V-VI) (N-domain) are coupled to the entry of agonist, while loop(XVIII-XIX) (C-domain) engages the aporeceptor even before agonist is added. The data are most consistent with a model in which each domain of arrestin engages its own aporeceptor, and the different binding preferences of the domains lead to asymmetric ligand binding by the aporeceptors. Such a mechanism would protect the rod cell in bright light by concurrently sequestering toxic all-trans-retinal [corrected] and allowing regeneration with 11-cis-retinal.

Carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae) of the deep Weddell Sea, with descriptions of two new species

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dressler-Allame, Melina; Göcke, Christian; Kersken, Daniel; Plotkin, Alexander; Janussen, Dorte

2017-03-01

This paper presents 29 sponges of the family Cladorhizidae Dendy, 1922 sampled at 18 different stations in the Weddell Sea, Antarctic during two expeditions of RV Polarstern, PS61 ANT-XIX/2 ANDEEP 2 in 2002 and PS67 ANT-XXII/3 ANDEEP 3 in 2005. Fourteen species from four genera have been registered - one species of Asbestopluma Topsent, 1901, five species of Chondrocladia Thomson, 1873, three species of Cladorhiza Sars, 1872 and five species of Lycopodina Lundbeck, 1905. Six species are endemics of the Southern Ocean. Four species were previously only known from the areas north of the Antarctic and our records of them are thereby new for this region. Two species of Lycopodina, Lycopodina rhabdostylophora sp. nov. and Lycopodina pediculifera sp. nov., are new to science. Our study has considerably expanded the data on diversity of Cladorhizidae in the Southern Ocean. About 27 cladorhizid species (18-19% of global cladorhizid diversity) are now recorded for this region, of which 56% are endemics.

Digital stethoscope system: the feasibility of cardiac auscultation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pariaszewska, Katarzyna; Młyńczak, Marcel; Niewiadomski, Wiktor; Cybulski, Gerard

2013-10-01

The application of the digital stethoscope system is a new tendency in methods of cardiac auscultation. Heart sounds, generated by the fluctuations of blood velocity and vibrations of muscle structure, are an important signal in the primary diagnosis of heart diseases. Since the XIXs century for physical examination an analog stethoscope was used, but the development of microelectronics enable the construction of digital stethoscopes which started modern phonocardiography. The typical hardware of the system could be divided into analog and digital parts, respectively. The first one consists of microphone and pre-amplifier. The second one contains a microcontroller with peripherals for data saving and transmission. Usually the specialized software is applied for the signal acquisition and digital signal processing (filtering, spectral analysis and others). This paper presents an overview of methods used in cardiac auscultation and expected developing path in the future. It also contains the description of our digital stethoscope system, which is planned to be used in poliphysiographical studies.

Congenital Anatomical Variant of the Clavicle.

PubMed

Viciano, Joan; Urbani, Vincenzo; D'Anastasio, Ruggero

2017-08-01

The aim of this study is to present a rare abnormality of the clavicle (Code: SGS01) that was discovered in an ossuary in the Church of San Gaetano (Sulmona, central Italy; XVII-XIX centuries CE). In the middle third, the clavicle had three areas with losses of substance in the form of oval-shaped foramina with maximum diameters of 1-2 cm that were located in the anterior and superior surfaces of the diaphysis. The margins of these foramina were well defined and rounded, and the surfaces of the canal walls were smooth. Additionally, there were no zones of bony activity or reactive changes around the foramina. This new congenital anomaly of the clavicle and blood vessels is consistent with a variant that might have originated during fetal growth in which the subclavian vein or artery remained included during the process of ossification of the clavicle. Anat Rec, 300:1401-1408, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Approach to the study of suicide in the essays of Enrico Morselli (1879) and in the successive hypotheses of Durkheim and Freud].

PubMed

Peloso, P F

1992-01-01

Scientific investigations on suicide began at the beginning of the XIX century. The aim of such investigations was the evaluation of the epidemiological and statistical distribution of the phenomenon in order to set up preventive intervention, as well as the establishment of the psychological and psychopathological characteristics of the subjects choosing this solution to their life. E. Morselli's work on the matter (1879) can be considered the main Italian contribution to the discussion that was troubling and antagonizing the most competent authors in all the civil world from the half a century and it was regarded in due consideration by his contemporaries too. The second author taken into consideration is E. Durkheim, whose monograph issued twenty years later presents elements having such originality and accuracy that they represent even today a constant reference for the suicide studies. S. Freud, on his side, did never write any monograph on this matter, but fundamental observations on the self-suppression psychodynamic interpretation can be found in his works.

Rapid soft X-ray fluctuations in solar flares observed with the X-ray polychromator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zarro, D. M.; Saba, J. L. R.; Strong, K. T.

1986-01-01

Three flares observed by the Soft X-Ray Polychromator on the Solar Maximum Mission were studied. Flare light curves from the Flat Crystal Spectrometer and Bent Crystal Spectrometer were examined for rapid signal variations. Each flare was characterized by an initial fast (less than 1 min) burst, observed by the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS), followed by softer gradual X-ray emission lasting several minutes. From an autocorrelation function analysis, evidence was found for quasi-periodic fluctuations with rise and decay times of 10 s in the Ca XIX and Fe XXV light curves. These variations were of small amplitude (less than 20%), often coincided with hard X-ray emissions, and were prominent during the onset of the gradual phase after the initial hard X-ray burst. It is speculated that these fluctuations were caused by repeated energy injections in a coronal loop that had already been heated and filled with dense plasma associated with the initial hard X-ray burst.

Momentum balance in four solar flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canfield, Richard C.; Metcalf, Thomas R.; Zarro, Dominic M.; Lemen, James R.

1990-01-01

Solar Maximum Mission soft X-ray spectra and National Solar Observatory (Sacramento Peak) H-alpha spectra were combined in a study of high-speed flows during the impulsive phase of four solar flares. In all events, a blue asymmetry (indicative of upflows) was observed in the coronal Ca XIX line during the soft X-ray rise phase. In all events a red asymmetry (indicative of downflows) was observed simultaneously in chromospheric H-alpha. These oppositely directed flows were concurrent with impulsive hard X-ray emission. Combining the velocity data with estimates of the density based on emission measurements and volume estimates, it is shown that for the impulsive phase as a whole the total momentum of upflowing soft X-ray plasma equaled that of the downflowing H-alpha plasma, to within an order of magnitude, in all four events. Only the chromospheric evaporation model predicts equal total momentum in the upflowing soft X-ray-emitting and downflowing H-alphba-emitting materials.

Multi-wave band SMM-VLA observations of an M2 flare and an associated coronal mass ejection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Willson, Robert F.; Lang, Kenneth R.; Schmelz, Joan T.; Gonzalez, Raymond D.; Smith, Kermit L.

1991-01-01

Results are presented of observations of an M2 flare and an associated coronal mass ejection CME by instruments on the SMM as well as by the VLA and other ground-based observatories on September 30, 1988. The multiwave band data show a gradual slowly changing event which lasted several hours. The microwave burst emission was found to originate in compact moderately circularly polarized sources located near the sites of bright H-alpha and soft X-ray emission. These data are combined with estimates of an electron temperature of 1.5 x 10 to the 7th K and an emission measure of about 2.0 x 10 to the 49th/cu cm obtained from Ca XIX and Fe XXV spectra to show that the microwave emission can be attributed to thermal gyrosynchrotron radiation in regions where the magnetic field strength is 425-650 G. The CME acceleration at low altitudes is measured on the basis of ground- and space-based coronagraphs.

Transformations of the Cultural Space of Podhale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrehorowicz, Hanna; Gaber

2017-10-01

The landscape, coverage and climate have a major impact on the architecture of the mountain lands. This architecture can be considered in multiple layers. In terms of culture, the area of Sub-Tatra Mountains is an ethnically coherent area with similar conditions. The development of architecture in the mountain areas can be seen in the XIX century, when the resorts have developed massively in the Carpathians. Leisure in the mountains in the resort towns has popularised many European towns. This was mainly related to the presence of mineral waters. Also in Poland, the spas were created in the form of Alpine, Swiss and Tyrolean resorts. The type of Podhale buildings has changed over time, especially since the 80s of the XIX century, when the Alpine-style villas began to appear in Zakopane. On the wave of the growing interest in leisure associated with health care, the popularity of Zakopane increased. Stanislaw Witkiewicz was the creator and precursor of the style based on the folk architecture of the highlanders from Podhale. The affirmation of the Zakopane style opened the way for the search for a universal architectural form corresponding to the national style. Many variations about it were created over the centuries, which were not always accurate. In addition, the architectural and building regulations providing a rigid framework to the principles of shaping the solids, did not correspond and social needs. The ongoing pressure of the tourist traffic in Podhale and the “fashion for Zakopane” were intensifying by forcing more homes for the holiday-makers. The shape of the present architecture of Podhale is a resultant of the adaptation to the urban conditions and the attempts to push the maximum number of rooms in the facility. The whole area of Podhale (not only Zakopane) has been used in recent years for offering tourist attractions (lifts, spas, aqua parks, etc.), which greatly transforms the space and structure of the buildings. The areas with the highest

The Teaching of Astronomy in Uruguay. (Spanish Title: La Enseñanza de la Astronomía en Uruguay.) O Ensino da Astronomia no Uruguai

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pintos Ganón, Reina; Fernández, Julio Angel

2008-07-01

We present in this work the development of astronomy in Uruguay since the colony times up to the present, stressing in particular those aspects related to the formal as well as informal teaching of astronomy. The first antecedents of astronomical studies in our country go back to the beginnings of the XVIIIth century related to the scientific expeditions from Europe coming to our shores. The teaching of astronomy was generalized at the high school level as soon as the end of the XIXth century, while itsintroduction at the university level happened much later, around the middle of the last century. We analyze the current situation of this subject, its problems, and some measures to strengthen its development. Se presenta en este trabajo el desarrollo de la astronomía en el Uruguay desde la época colonial hasta el presente, destacando en particular los aspectos vinculados a su enseñanza tanto formal como informal. Los primeros antecedentes de estudios astronómicos datan de la época colonial relacionados con las expediciones científicas del Viejo Mundo que llegaban a nuestras costas. La enseñanza de la Astronomía se generalizó en el ámbito de los estudios secundarios ya a fines del siglo XIX, mientras que en la Universidad su arribo fue mucho más tardío, a mediados del siglo pasado. Se analiza la situación actual de esta disciplina, sus problemas, y algunas medidas para fortalecer su desarrollo. Apresentamos, neste trabalho, o desenvolvimento da Astronomia no Uruguai desde a época colonial até o presente, destacando em particular os aspectos vinculados ao seu ensino tanto formal quanto informal. Os primeiros antecedentes de estudos astronômicos em nosso país datam da época colonial relacionados com as expedições científicas do Velho Mundo que chegavam às nossas costas. O ensino da Astronomia se generalizou no âmbito dos estudos secundários já no final do século XIX, enquanto que sua introdução na universidade foi muito mais tardia, em

Air-Ground Teamwork on the Western Front. The Role of the XIX Tactical Air Command During August 1944

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Several trains and a power plant were successfully attacked as far east as Troyes and Soissons. It was moving day, this time from the vicinity of...planes were seen. Flying armed reconnaissance ahead of our columns thrusting east past Sens and Troyes , P-47’s had just dropped eight 5oo-pound bombs

Investigation of fluvial landforms in the north-eastern Pannonian Basin, using cartographic materials from the XIX-XXI Centuries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robu, Delia; Niga, Bogdan; Perşoiu, Ioana

2015-04-01

The study area is located in the north-eastern Pannonian Basin, and covers approximately 3700 km2. Using cartographic materials for the last 155 years, we analyzed and defined river network and relict fluvial morphologies created by the rivers Tur, Someş, Homorod and Crasna. Database extraction from each set of historical maps was performed by field verification and validation, associated to GIS techniques. Relict fluvial morphologies on the Someş alluvial cone comprise a wide variety of channel typologies and sizes, drainage directions and their consequent typology, which indicates a complex fluvial evolution. The dominant category of relict fluvial morphology is represented by the meander loop. Following the quantitative analysis on the successive sets of maps we identified and delimited meander loops and meandering paths formed prior to the reference year 1860. Generally, the post-1860 relict fluvial morphologies are secondary morphologies, as the keynote is given by those formed previous to the reference moment 1860. An analysis of the share of the relict fluvial morphologies on the three sets of reference cartographic materials (the second Austro-Hungarian topographic survey, Google Earth and orthophotoplans) highlights that most relict fluvial morphologies were identified on the second Austro-Hungarian topographic survey, followed by those identified in Google Earth and orthophotoplans. The map of fluvial morphologies constructed in this study enables a discussion on drainage directions, based on the observation that a series of abandoned meander loops and segments follow clear directions. We applied several quantitative indices in assessing the relict fluvial morphology (radius of curvature, paleochannel width). Consequently, we identified underfit stream sectors with meander loops larger than the modern ones Someş meanders (on the Racta River), uncharacteristic features such as braided riverbed reaches, a high frequency of meander scrolls present on the right bank of Crasna at its entrance in the plain, or the occurrence of wetlands in an area affected by subsidence (the Ecedeea Plain). Despite the ample human intervention in our study area through sewers, dams, meander cuts, the river network evolution trend remained the same between 1860 and 2005, with evolution and formation of meanders, although the change rate has diminished. "ACKNOWLEDGMENT This paper has been financially supported within the project entitled "SOCERT. Knowledge society, dynamism through research", contract number POSDRU/159/1.5/S/132406. This project is co-financed by European Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development 2007-2013. Investing in people!"

Dynamics of glass-forming liquids. XIX. Rise and decay of field induced anisotropy in the non-linear regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young-Gonzales, Amanda R.; Samanta, Subarna; Richert, Ranko

2015-09-01

For glycerol and three monohydroxy alcohols, we have measured the non-linear dielectric effects resulting from the application and removal of a high dc bias electric field. The field effects are detected by virtue of a small amplitude harmonic field, from which time resolved changes in the dielectric loss are derived. The changes in permittivity are dominated by modifications of the time constants (rather than amplitudes) which display two contributions: a heating-like decrease of relaxation times that originates from the time dependent field when the bias is switched on and off and a slowing down of the dynamics resulting from the field induced reduction of configurational entropy. As observed for the electro-optical Kerr effect, the rise of the entropy change is slower than its decay, a feature that we rationalize on the basis of the quadratic dependence of the entropy change on polarization. For glycerol, the observed steady state level of the field induced shift of the glass transition temperature (+84 mK) matches the expectation based on the entropy change and its impact on dynamics via the Adam-Gibbs relation (+88 mK). For the alcohols, these non-linear effects rise and decay on the time scales of the prominent dielectric Debye process, underscoring the relation of these features to polarization anisotropy, opposed to mechanical or enthalpy relaxation which are orders of magnitude faster in these systems. A model is discussed which captures the observed magnitudes as well as time dependences in a near quantitative fashion. It is demonstrated that the high bias field modifies the response of polarization to the ac field, including a temporary change in the low field susceptibility.

Propriedades físicas de condensações densas no Escorpião

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilas-Boas, J. W. S.; Barbosa, P. R., Jr.; Hickel, G. R.

2003-08-01

O conhecimento das propriedade físicas das condensações das nuvens escuras e sua relação com a dinâmica das núvens é um dos caminhos para o entendimento dos mecanismos de formação de estrelas de massas pequenas. Nesse trabalho, 8 condensações da nuvem escura do Escorpião foram observadas através de transições das moléculas de 13CO, C18O e NH3, utilizando-se os radiotelescopios de 15 m do SEST e 64 m de PARKES. Embora localizadas na superfície de uma bolha com velocidade de expansão entre 12 km/s e 15 km/s (Vilas-Boas et al), as linhas de monóxido de carbono apresentaram características típicas daquelas observadas em nuvens escuras. Em apenas uma condensação, contendo um objeto Pre-Sequência Principal (PMS), foi detectada emissão da molécula de amônia. A comparação direta entre as propriedades dessas condensações densas (núcleos) e aquelas identificadas na Musca, que se caracteriza por ser uma núvem de baixa atividade de formação estelar, mostra que elas têm propriedades idênticas e que as eficiências de formação estelar nos núcleos de ambas as nuvens são similares.

[Glucose homeostasis and gut-brain connection].

PubMed

De Vadder, Filipe; Mithieux, Gilles

2015-02-01

Since the XIX(th) century, the brain has been known for its role in regulating food intake (via the control of hunger sensation) and glucose homeostasis. Further interest has come from the discovery of gut hormones, which established a clear link between the gut and the brain in regulating glucose and energy homeostasis. The brain has two particular structures, the hypothalamus and the brainstem, which are sensitive to information coming either from peripheral organs or from the gut (via circulating hormones or nutrients) about the nutritional status of the organism. However, the efforts for a better understanding of these mechanisms have allowed to unveil a new gut-brain neural axis as a key regulator of the metabolic status of the organism. Certain nutrients control the hypothalamic homeostatic function via this axis. In this review, we describe how the gut is connected to the brain via different neural pathways, and how the interplay between these two organs drives the energy balance. © 2015 médecine/sciences – Inserm.

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Concerning comets: 1962 VIII Humason, 1971 V Toba, 1975 XI Bradfield, 1979 X Bradfield, 1980 X P/Stephan-Oterma, 1980 XI P/Encke, 1980 XIII P/Tuttle, 1981 II Panther, 1982 VI Austin, 1982 VIII P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 1983 V Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa, 1983 VII IRAS-Araki-Alcock, 1983 XIII P/Kopff, 1984 III P/Hartley-IRAS, 1985 XIII P/Giacobini-Zinner, 1985 XVII Hartley-Good, 1985 XIX Thiele, 1986 III P/Halley, 1986h P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2, 1986j P/Comas Solá, 1986k P/Kohoutek, 1986l Wilson, 1986m P/Grigg-Skjellerup, 1986n Sorrells, 1987h P/Howell, 1987l P/Reinmuth 2, 1987m P/Brooks 2, 1987n P/Harrington, 1987p P/Borrelly, 1987r P/Reinmuth 1, 1987s Bradfield, 1987u Rudenko, 1987y Levy, 1987z P/Shoemaker-Holt, 1987b1 McNaught, 1987d1 Ichimura, 1987f1 Furuyama, 1988a Liller, 1988b Shoemaker, 1988c Maury-Phinney, 1988e Levy, P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1.

Enrico Fermi and the Dolomites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battimelli, Giovanni; de Angelis, Alessandro

2014-11-01

Summer vacations in the Dolomites were a tradition among the professors of the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Roma since the end of the XIX century. Beyond the academic walls, people like Tullio Levi-Civita, Federigo Enriques and Ugo Amaldi sr., together with their families, were meeting friends and colleagues in Cortina, San Vito, Dobbiaco, Vigo di Fassa and Selva, enjoying trekking together with scientific discussions. The tradition was transmitted to the next generations, in particular in the first half of the XX century, and the group of via Panisperna was directly connected: Edoardo Amaldi, the son of the mathematician Ugo sr., rented at least during two summers, in 1925 and in 1949, and in the winter of 1960, a house in San Vito di Cadore, and almost every year in the Dolomites; Enrico Fermi was a frequent guest. Many important steps in modern physics, in particular the development of the Fermi-Dirac statistics and the Fermi theory of beta decay, are related to scientific discussions held in the region of the Dolomites.

Control system of mutually coupled switched reluctance motor drive of mining machines in generator mode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, A. S.; Kalanchin, I. Yu; Pugacheva, E. E.

2017-09-01

One of the first electric motors, based on the use of electromagnets, was a reluctance motor in the XIX century. Due to the complexities in the implementation of control system the development of switched reluctance electric machines was repeatedly initiated only in 1960 thanks to the development of computers and power electronic devices. The main feature of these machines is the capacity to work both in engine mode and in generator mode. Thanks to a simple and reliable design in which there is no winding of the rotor, commutator, permanent magnets, a reactive gate-inductor electric drive operating in the engine mode is actively being introduced into various areas such as car industry, production of household appliances, wind power engineering, as well as responsible production processes in the oil and mining industries. However, the existing shortcomings of switched reluctance electric machines, such as nonlinear pulsations of electromagnetic moment, the presence of three or four phase supply system and sensor of rotor position prevent wide distribution of this kind of electric machines.

The discovery of the growth cone and its influence on the study of axon guidance

PubMed Central

Tamariz, Elisa; Varela-Echavarría, Alfredo

2015-01-01

For over a century, there has been a great deal of interest in understanding how neural connectivity is established during development and regeneration. Interest in the latter arises from the possibility that knowledge of this process can be used to re-establish lost connections after lesion or neurodegeneration. At the end of the XIX century, Santiago Ramón y Cajal discovered that the distal tip of growing axons contained a structure that he called the growth cone. He proposed that this structure enabled the axon’s oriented growth in response to attractants, now known as chemotropic molecules. He further proposed that the physical properties of the surrounding tissues could influence the growth cone and the direction of growth. This seminal discovery afforded a plausible explanation for directed axonal growth and has led to the discovery of axon guidance mechanisms that include diffusible attractants and repellants and guidance cues anchored to cell membranes or extracellular matrix. In this review the major events in the development of this field are discussed. PMID:26029056

[A short history of anti-rheumatic therapy. II. Aspirin].

PubMed

Pasero, G; Marson, P

2010-01-01

The discovery of aspirin, an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, undoubtedly represents a milestone in the history of medical therapy. Since ancient times the derivatives of willow (Salix alba) were used to treat a variety of fevers and pain syndromes, although the first report dates back to 1763 when the English Reverend Edward Stone described the effect of an extract of the bark willow in treating malaria. In the XIX century many apothecaries and chemists, including the Italian Raffaele Piria and Cesare Bertagnini, developed the biological processes of extraction and chemical synthesis of salicylates, and then analyzed their therapeutic properties and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. In 1899 the Bayer Company, where Felix Hoffmann, Heinrich Dreser and Arthur Eichengrün worked, recorded acetyl-salicylic acid under the name "Aspirin". In the XX century, besides the definition of the correct applications of aspirin in the anti-rheumatic therapy being defined, Lawrence L. Crawen identified the property of this drug as an anti-platelet agent, thus opening the way for more widespread uses in cardiovascular diseases.

Experimental Verification of Steel Pipe Collapse under Vacuum Pressure Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Autrique, R.; Rodal, E.

2016-11-01

Steel pipes are used widely in hydroelectric systems and in pumping systems. Both systems are subject to hydraulic transient effects caused by changes in boundary conditions, such as sudden valve closures, pump failures, or accidents. Water column separation, and its associated vaporization pressure inside the pipe, can cause the collapse of thin walled steel pipes subject to atmospheric pressure, as happened during the well known Oigawa Power Plant accident in Japan, in 1950. The conditions under which thin walled pipes subject to external pressure can collapse have been studied mathematically since the second half of the XIX century, with classical authors Southwell and Von Mises obtaining definitive equations for long and short pipes in the second decade of the XX century, in which the fundamental variables are the diameter to thickness ratio D/t and the length to diameter ratio L/D. In this paper, the predicted critical D/t ratio for steel pipe collapse is verified experimentally, in a physical model able to reproduce hydraulic transients, generating vacuum pressures through rapid upstream valve closures.

[On human morphological studies in New Spain and in Mexico of nineteenth century].

PubMed

de Micheli, Alfredo; Izaguirre-Avila, Raúl

2007-01-01

The renewed anatomical studies reached a culmination in the XVI century allowing the discovery of the pulmonary blood circulation and later of the systemic blood circulation. The XVII century saw the coming of microscopic anatomy and the XVIII witness the systematization of pathological anatomy. These studies will be impelled during following century toward the clinical-anatomical comparison. Regarding to America, the anatomical studies began in New Spain, when the first textbooks of anatomy, surgery and physiology were published. The first anatomy chair was established in 1621 at the Royal and Papal University of Mexico. The teaching of anatomy was modernized, making that more practical, at the Royal School of Surgery, which began to function in 1770. In the Establishment of Medical Sciences, founded in 1833, surgery was incorporated to internal medicine. This fact permitted to unify the anatomical teaching. If on examines the lists of textbooks utilized in the different periods, it comes out that these books belonged with the contemporaneous advances of science. This consideration concerns also the receptional thesis presented to Faculty of Medicine during the XIX century.

PTSD: An Elusive Definition.

PubMed

Kirkbride, Jared F

2012-01-01

The Global War on Terrorism became the longest standing conflict in United States military history on June 7, 2010. It is estimated that 1.64 million U.S. troops have been deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (p xix).1 Both conflicts have produced high numbers of casualties as the result of ground combat. The amount of casualties though has been relatively low compared to other conflicts. Some of this can be attributed to the advances in body armor and emergency medicine that allow many servicemembers to survive conditions that previously led to death. Conversely, surviving these situations leaves those same members with memories that are psychologically difficult to live with and cause chronic difficulties. Unlike an amputee, or the victim of severe burns where the signs and symptoms of their injuries are obvious, patients with psychological disorders can have a range of signs and symptoms common in many other mental disorders, making it difficult to diagnose and treat Soldiers suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). 2012.

Recent Developments in the NIST Atomic Databases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kramida, Alexander

2011-05-01

New versions of the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD, v. 4.0) and three bibliographic databases (Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra, v. 2.0, Atomic Transition Probabilities, v. 9.0, and Atomic Line Broadening and Shapes, v. 3.0) have recently been released. In this contribution I will describe the main changes in the way users get the data through the Web. The contents of ASD have been significantly extended. In particular, the data on highly ionized tungsten (W III-LXXIV) have been added from a recently published NIST compilation. The tables for Fe I and Fe II have been replaced with newer, much more extensive lists (10000 lines for Fe I). The other updated or new spectra include H, D, T, He I-II, Li I-III, Be I-IV, B I-V, C I-II, N I-II, O I-II, Na I-X, K I-XIX, and Hg I. The new version of ASD now incorporates data on isotopes of several elements. I will describe some of the issues the NIST ASD Team faces when updating the data.

[From the struggle for freedom to the denial of evidence: history of the anti-vaccination movements in Europe].

PubMed

Tafuri, S; Martinelli, D; Prato, R; Germinario, C

2011-01-01

The 1853 Vaccination Act, adopted in England during XIX century, was the first law about compulsory vaccination in Europe. The Act caused a violent movement of opposition with the birth of Victorian anti-vaccination. The modern anti-vaccination movement was born in 1998 following a paper of Andrew Wakefield published in the Lancet. In this paper Wakefield illustrated a study of twenty patients and concluded that the administration of the MMR vaccine caused autism and some forms of colitis. The publication was later disowned by almost all authors. However the study of Wakefield caused a reduction of compliance to the anti-MMR vaccination in the United Kingdom, resulting in lower coverage and new outbreaks. The theorethical principles of anti-vaccinationists of 19th and 20th century were: the hypothesis that vaccines cause illnesses; the presence of toxic substances in the vaccine; the violation of freedom Personal and People's; the ineffectiveness of vaccinations. Moreover, anti-vaccinationists always refused the scientific methods and the peer-review of their scientific studies.

Characterization of a xylose containing oligosaccharide, an inhibitor of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, from Ipomoea pes-caprae.

PubMed

Escobedo-Martínez, Carolina; Cruz-Morales, Sara; Fragoso-Serrano, Mabel; Rahman, M Mukhlesur; Gibbons, Simon; Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio

2010-10-01

Pescaprein XVIII (1), a type of bacterial efflux pump inhibitor, was obtained from the CHCl(3)-soluble resin glycosides of beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae). The glycosidation sequence for pescaproside C, the glycosidic acid core of the lipophilic macrolactone 1 containing D-xylose and L-rhamnose, was characterized by means of several NMR techniques and FAB mass spectrometry. Recycling HPLC also yielded eight non-cytotoxic bacterial resistance modifiers, the two pescapreins XIX (2) and XX (3) as well as the known murucoidin VI (4), pecapreins II (6) and III (7), and stoloniferins III (5), IX (8) and X (9), all of which contain simonic acid B as their oligosaccharide core. Compounds 1-9 were tested for in vitro antibacterial and resistance-modifying activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus possessing multidrug resistance efflux mechanisms. All of the pescapreins potentiated the action of norfloxacin against the NorA over-expressing strain by 4-fold (8 microg/mL from 32 microg/mL) at a concentration of 25 microg/mL. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inclusive city: Vallcarca – Space extension idea for social and urban housing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maharani, A.; Gaxioala, A.

2018-03-01

The neighborhood of Vallcarca, Barcelona - Spain, is located near the valley formed by the three hills called El Putxet, Creueta del Coll and Muntanya Pelada adjacent to the back area of Park Guell. Vallcarca first urbanized at the XIX century as a place to spend summer for the nearby inhabitants of the city of Barcelona. Since the end of XX century, the area has been under the pressure of different urban plannings and economic speculations that have just erase a big portion of its original physiognomy, without being able to organize a new area of town. The empty land that located at the former center and across Vallcarca becoming part of research to produce an outcome for compatible housing within the area. The data gives a focus on the social and urban rehabilitation of the neighborhood that introducing a program of social housing with communal facilities using an approach of connection and topography that existed on the site as a catalyst to change this fragmented part of the city into inclusive neighborhood.

Advances in positron and electron scattering*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Limão-Vieira, Paulo; García, Gustavo; Krishnakumar, E.; Petrović, Zoran; Sullivan, James; Tanuma, Hajime

2016-10-01

The topical issue on Advances in Positron and Electron Scattering" combines contributions from POSMOL 2015 together with others devoted to celebrate the unprecedented scientific careers of our loyal colleagues and trusted friends Steve Buckman (Australian National University, Australia) and Michael Allan (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) on the occasion of their retirements. POSMOL 2015, the XVIII International Workshop on Low-Energy Positron and Positronium Physics and the XIX International Symposium on Electron-Molecule Collisions and Swarms, was held at Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, from 17-20 July 2015. The international workshop and symposium allowed to achieve a very privileged forum of sharing and developing our scientific expertise on current aspects of positron, positronium and antiproton interactions with electrons, atoms, molecules and solid surfaces, and related topics, as well as electron interactions with molecules in both gaseous and condensed phases. Particular topics include studies of electron interactions with biomolecules, electron induced surface chemistry and the study of plasma processes. Recent developments in the study of swarms are also fully addressed.

Regard sur les lazarets en terre canadienne

PubMed Central

Milot, Jean

2008-01-01

Puisant dans les nombreuses références qu’offrent les publications médicales canadiennes du milieu du XIXe siècle à nos jours, l’auteur fait découvrir l’existence de lazarets en terre canadienne, décrit l’impact de la maladie sur les conditions vie des lépreux qui y étaient confinés et en souligne les contrecoups tant sur le plan physique et psychologique que social. Il présente un bref aperçu de la maladie, ses symptômes, ses signes ainsi que ses complications oculaires et rappelle les premiers moyens thérapeutiques à base d’huile de chaulmoogra introduits dans la colonie de Tracadie vers 1901. Il illustre son propos en évoquant la vie dans les lazarets de l’île de Sheldrake (1844–1848) et de Tracadie (1848–1965) au Nouveau-Brunswick, puis dans ceux des îles D’Arcy (1891–1924) et de Bentinck (1924–1957) en Colombie-Britannique. PMID:19352451

A review of the Quaternary Scelidotheriinae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Tarija-Padcaya basin, Bolivia.

PubMed

Miño-Boilini, Ángel R; Carlini, Alfredo A; Zurita, Alfredo E; Soibelzon, Esteban; Rodríguez-Bualó, Santiago M

2018-04-16

The Mylodontidae Scelidotheriinae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada) are a diversified clade of South American fossil ground sloths, with a wide geographic distribution, especially in high and middle latitudes. According to the last revision, the Quaternary diversity includes the genera Scelidotherium, Catonyx, and Valgipes. The clade Scelidotheriinae is well represented in the Pleistocene of the Tarija-Padcaya basin, and the first mention of these ground sloths correspond to the middle of the XIX Century. Since then, several species (i.e., Scelidotherium tarijensis, Scelidodon tarijensis, Scelidotherium capellini) have been reported as inhabiting the Tarija-Padcaya basin during the Pleistocene. Despite the abundance of fossil records of Scelidotheriinae in this area, no modern taxonomic revisions are available. In consequence, in this contribution a revision of the remains assigned to Scelidotheriinae from the Tarija-Padcaya basin is accomplished, and some biostratigraphic and geographic implications are discussed. Our results show that one single species (Catonyx tarijensis) can be recognized in the studied area, whereas a supposed smaller one (Scelidotherium patrium) actually corresponds to juvenile specimens of C. tarijensis.

Limits to sustained energy intake. XIX. A test of the heat dissipation limitation hypothesis in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

PubMed

Yang, Deng-Bao; Li, Li; Wang, Lu-Ping; Chi, Qing-Sheng; Hambly, Catherine; Wang, De-Hua; Speakman, John R

2013-09-01

We evaluated factors limiting lactating Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) at three temperatures (10, 21 and 30°C). Energy intake and daily energy expenditure (DEE) increased with decreased ambient temperature. At peak lactation (day 14 of lactation), energy intake increased from 148.7±5.7 kJ day(-1) at 30°C to 213.1±8.2 kJ day(-1) at 21°C and 248.7±12.3 kJ day(-1) at 10°C. DEE increased from 105.1±4.0 kJ day(-1) at 30°C to 134.7±5.6 kJ day(-1) at 21°C and 179.5±8.4 kJ day(-1) at 10°C on days 14-16 of lactation. With nearly identical mean litter sizes, lactating gerbils at 30°C exported 32.0 kJ day(-1) less energy as milk at peak lactation than those allocated to 10 or 21°C, with no difference between the latter groups. On day 14 of lactation, the litter masses at 10 and 30°C were 12.2 and 9.3 g lower than those at 21°C, respectively. Lactating gerbils had higher thermal conductance of the fur and lower UCP-1 levels in brown adipose tissue than non-reproductive gerbils, independent of ambient temperature, suggesting that they were attempting to avoid heat stress. Thermal conductance of the fur was positively related to circulating prolactin levels. We implanted non-reproductive gerbils with mini-osmotic pumps that delivered either prolactin or saline. Prolactin did not influence thermal conductance of the fur, but did reduce physical activity and UCP-1 levels in brown adipose tissue. Transferring lactating gerbils from warm to hot conditions resulted in reduced milk production, consistent with the heat dissipation limit theory, but transferring them from warm to cold conditions did not elevate milk production, consistent with the peripheral limitation hypothesis, and placed constraints on pup growth.

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL MAINTENANCE 1. UNIT XIX, I--ENGINE TUNE-UP--CUMMINS DIESEL ENGINE, II--FRONT END SUSPENSION AND AXLES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minnesota State Dept. of Education, St. Paul. Div. of Vocational and Technical Education.

THIS MODULE OF A 30-MODULE COURSE IS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF DIESEL ENGINE TUNE-UP PROCEDURES AND THE DESIGN OF FRONT END SUSPENSION AND AXLES USED ON DIESEL ENGINE EQUIPMENT. TOPICS ARE (1) PRE-TUNE-UP CHECKS, (2) TIMING THE ENGINE, (3) INJECTOR PLUNGER AND VALVE ADJUSTMENTS, (4) FUEL PUMP ADJUSTMENTS ON THE ENGINE (PTR AND PTG),…

[A role of Russian psychiatrists in the formation of forensic psychiatry in Russia in the beginning of XIX century].

PubMed

Bezchasniy, K V

2016-01-01

The formation of forensic psychiatry knowledge as a special area of concern was due to fundamental changes in the social, economic and political life of Russia society. It reflected public awareness of the urgent need in solving the problem of support, preserve and maintain the mental health of the people. Forensic psychiatry was based on the development of psychiatry, public health and community medicine. Author describes of the role of Russian psychiatrists in the formation of forensic psychiatry, their active particitpation in internation professional meetings and in the development of the problem of responsibility.

Mathematical Contributions of the Mayas, Aztecs & Incas: A Native American Curriculum Unit for Middle and High School. NATAM XIX.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stodola, Janet

Written to fulfill the requirements for a University of Minnesota College of Education off-campus Indian education course for public school teachers, this Native American curriculum unit for middle and high school reflects the mathematical achievements of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca Indians. The number systems, notation, and calendar techniques of…

Measurement of emission cross sections for n = 3 → 2 transitions in Neon-like Fe XVII and Ni XIX ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lockard, Tom; Brown, Gregory V.; Hell, Natalie; Scofield, J. H.; Beiersdorfer, Peter; Porter, Frederick Scott; Kilbourne, Caroline; Kelley, Richard L.; Leutenegger, Maurice A.; Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele

2018-06-01

The absolute excitation cross sections of the strong 1s2 2s2 2p51/2 3d3/2 1P1 → 1s2 2s2 2p6 1S0 and 1s2 2s2 2p53/2 3d5/2 3D1 → 1s2 2s2 2p6 1S0 strong resonance and intercombination lines, commonly known as 3C and 3D, have been measured in neon-like Fe16+ and Ni18+. These measurements were carried out at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's EBIT-I electron beam ion trap facility using the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer (ECS) quantum microcalorimeter and a flat crystal spectrometer. The absolute excitation cross sections were determined by normalizing the measured spectrum to the X-ray emission from radiative recombination. The direct excitation lines 3C and 3D and radiative recombination (RR) lines were measured simultaneously using the ECS. By normalizing the measured RR flux to their theoretical cross sections, the emission from lines 3C and 3D was made absolute. Using simultaneous measurements from the higher resolution flat crystal spectrometer, it was possible to check for potential blends from lower charge states. Results of our measurements including comparison to theory, will be presented.This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

42 CFR 435.113 - Individuals who are ineligible for AFDC because of requirements that do not apply under title XIX...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE... the deeming of income and resources of the following individuals who are not included as financially... support of stepchildren under a State law of general applicability; (2) Grandparents; (3) Legal guardians...

ExoMol molecular line lists XIX: high-accuracy computed hot line lists for H218O and H217O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polyansky, Oleg L.; Kyuberis, Aleksandra A.; Lodi, Lorenzo; Tennyson, Jonathan; Yurchenko, Sergei N.; Ovsyannikov, Roman I.; Zobov, Nikolai F.

2017-04-01

Hot line lists for two isotopologues of water, H218O and H217O, are presented. The calculations employ newly constructed potential energy surfaces (PES), which take advantage of a novel method for using the large set of experimental energy levels for H216O to give high-quality predictions for H218O and H217O. This procedure greatly extends the energy range for which a PES can be accurately determined, allowing an accurate prediction of higher lying energy levels than are currently known from direct laboratory measurements. This PES is combined with a high-accuracy, ab initio dipole moment surface of water in the computation of all energy levels, transition frequencies and associated Einstein A coefficients for states with rotational excitation up to J = 50 and energies up to 30 000 cm-1. The resulting HotWat78 line lists complement the well-used BT2 H216O line list. Full line lists are made available online as Supporting Information and at www.exomol.com.

Malacological survey of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

PubMed

Tibiriçá, Sandra Helena Cerrato; Mitterofhe, Adalberto; Castro, Milton Ferreira de; Lima, Adilson da Costa; Gonçalves, Murilo; Pinheiro, Izabella de Oliveira; Freitas, Corina da Costa; Guimarães, Ricardo José Paula de Souza e; Carvalho, Omar dos Santos; Coimbra, Elaine Soares

2011-01-01

The increasing practice of ecotourism and rural tourism in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, highlights the importance of studies concerning the occurrence of potential intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. This study aimed to identify species of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real, an important Brazilian tourism project. The specimens were collected in different water collections of 36 municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais. Biomphalaria species were characterized using both morphological and molecular approaches. The research was conducted between August 2005 and September 2009 and all the sites visited were georeferenced using GPS. Six Biomphalaria species were found in 30 of the 36 municipalities studied: glabrata, tenagophila, straminea, peregrina, occidentalis and schrammi. The first three species of Biomphalaria, recognized as intermediate hosts of S. mansoni, were present in 33.3%, 47.2% and 8.3% of the municipalities studied, respectively. The mollusks were found in different types of water collections and no infection by S. mansoni was detected. The highest occurrence of Biomphalaria concentration was verified in the area covered by the Caminho Novo route (Diamantina/MG to Rio de Janeiro/RJ). Considering the occurrence of schistosomiasis in the State of Minas Gerais and the socioeconomic repercussions involved in the Estrada Real Project, this work focuses on the vulnerability of water collections due to the presence of Biomphalaria mollusks and emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and educational measures integrated with the local community and tourism sectors.

Tropical fruit trees as bioindicators of industrial air pollution in southeast Brazil.

PubMed

Moraes, R M; Klumpp, A; Furlan, C M; Klumpp, G; Domingos, M; Rinaldi, M C S; Modesto, I F

2002-11-01

Psidium guajava L., Psidium cattleyanum Sabine and Mangifera indica L. were tested under field conditions as possible tropical bioindicators of industrial air pollution. The study was performed around the industrial complex of Cubatão, SE Brazil, which comprises 23 industries, including fertilizer, cement, chemical, petrochemical, and steel plants, with 110 production units and 260 emission sources of pollutants. Saplings were exposed to environmental conditions during four periods of 16 weeks each (September 1994-September 1995), at four different sites in the coastal mountains near the industrial complex: the Valley of Pilões River (VP), the reference area; the Valley of Mogi River (VM), with high contamination of particulate matter, fluorides (F), sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds; Caminho do Mar (CM1, CM2), mainly affected by organic pollutants, S and N compounds, and secondary pollutants; and Paranapiacaba (PP), affected by secondary pollutants, such as ozone. M. indica did not adapt to the climatic conditions at the exposure sites. In the two Psidium species, the presence of visible symptoms, root/shoot ratio, foliar contents of F, S and N, amounts of ascorbate (AA) and water-soluble thiols (-SH), as well as peroxidase activity (POD) were determined. P. guajava showed higher foliar accumulation of F, S and N, more pronounced alterations of biochemical indicators, and less visible leaf injury than P. cattleyanum. P. guajava may be used as an accumulative indicator in tropical climates, while further studies will be needed before P. cattleyanum might be applied as a sensitive species in biomonitoring programs.

Chromatographic and spectroscopic identification and recognition of ammoniacal cochineal dyes and pigments.

PubMed

Chieli, A; Sanyova, J; Doherty, B; Brunetti, B G; Miliani, C

2016-06-05

In this work a combined chromatographic and spectroscopic approach is used to provide a diagnostic assessment of semi-synthetic ammoniacal cochineal through the syntheses of its dyes and lakes according to art historical recipes. Commercially introduced in the late XIX century as a dye and pigment, it was used to obtain a brilliant purplish/violet nuance which provided a more stable option over carminic acid although its evidenced use in manufacts and artworks of heritage importance have been scarcely documented. Through HPLC-DAD, it has been possible to identify 4-aminocarminic acid as the main component of ammoniacal cochineal highlighting a chemical formula analogous to acid stable carmine, a recent patented food dye. FTIR clearly distinguishes the amine group in the ammoniacal cochineal dye preparation and TLC-SERS allows for an adequate separation and spectral differentiation in its main components to be evidenced. Colloidal SERS has permitted spectral markers useful in discerning ammoniacal cochineal over carminic acid to be highlighted and discussed. Finally, the methods experimented in this study for the identification of ammoniacal cochineal have been validated on analyzing a sample of dyed wool. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chromatographic and spectroscopic identification and recognition of ammoniacal cochineal dyes and pigments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chieli, A.; Sanyova, J.; Doherty, B.; Brunetti, B. G.; Miliani, C.

2016-06-01

In this work a combined chromatographic and spectroscopic approach is used to provide a diagnostic assessment of semi-synthetic ammoniacal cochineal through the syntheses of its dyes and lakes according to art historical recipes. Commercially introduced in the late XIX century as a dye and pigment, it was used to obtain a brilliant purplish/violet nuance which provided a more stable option over carminic acid although its evidenced use in manufacts and artworks of heritage importance have been scarcely documented. Through HPLC-DAD, it has been possible to identify 4-aminocarminic acid as the main component of ammoniacal cochineal highlighting a chemical formula analogous to acid stable carmine, a recent patented food dye. FTIR clearly distinguishes the amine group in the ammoniacal cochineal dye preparation and TLC-SERS allows for an adequate separation and spectral differentiation in its main components to be evidenced. Colloidal SERS has permitted spectral markers useful in discerning ammoniacal cochineal over carminic acid to be highlighted and discussed. Finally, the methods experimented in this study for the identification of ammoniacal cochineal have been validated on analyzing a sample of dyed wool.

Potencjał turystyczny Lublina jako czynnik rozwoju miasta na przestrzeni wieków

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kociuba, Dagmara; Kociuba, Waldemar

2009-01-01

Lublin is situated on eastern border of Nałęczów Plateau at three rivers' confluence, it is the very picturesque city with beautiful panoramic sights. On touristic attractiveness of city influence both the natural as well cultural values, in peculiarity the objects of the material culture which are the heritage of men of different nationalities and religions living here over the centuries. The touristic potential of Lublin showed the large changeability in time. It structural and functional supplies were changed. The division into periods of city's popularity was marked, from very large in XV-XVI and XIX-XXI century to smaller in period of the XVIII century. Last years the touristic policy activation was noticed which manifesting the intensification of marketing actings having on aim the enlargement the touristic attractiveness of city e.g. creating the mark of Lublin and the projects in frames of the Bug Euroregion. They are effective of elevation of the rank of cultural output e.g. acknowledgement of the Lublin's historical town-planning complex the title of Monument History, inclusion of Lublin to European programme "Intercultural Cities", or trying about acknowledgement in 2016 r. the title of European Capital of Culture.

The European politics of animal experimentation: From Victorian Britain to 'Stop Vivisection'.

PubMed

Germain, Pierre-Luc; Chiapperino, Luca; Testa, Giuseppe

2017-08-01

This paper identifies a common political struggle behind debates on the validity and permissibility of animal experimentation, through an analysis of two recent European case studies: the Italian implementation of the European Directive 2010/63/EC regulating the use of animals in science, and the recent European Citizens' Initiative (ECI) 'Stop Vivisection'. Drawing from a historical parallel with Victorian antivivisectionism, we highlight important threads in our case studies that mark the often neglected specificities of debates on animal experimentation. From the representation of the sadistic scientist in the XIX century, to his/her claimed capture by vested interests and evasion of public scrutiny in the contemporary cases, we show that animals are not simply the focus of the debate, but also a privileged locus at which much broader issues are being raised about science, its authority, accountability and potential misalignment with public interest. By highlighting this common socio-political conflict underlying public controversies around animal experimentation, our work prompts the exploration of modes of authority and argumentation that, in establishing the usefulness of animals in science, avoid reenacting the traditional divide between epistemic and political fora. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

One More Legacy of Paul F. Brandwein: Creating Scientists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fort, Deborah C.

2011-06-01

This paper studies the influence of Paul F. Brandwein, author, scientist, teacher and mentor, publisher, humanist, and environmentalist, on gifted youngsters who later became scientists, based primarily on information gathered from surveys completed by 25 of his students and one colleague. It also traces his profound interactions with science educators. It illuminates the theories of Brandwein and his protégés and colleagues about the interaction of environment, schooling, and education and Brandwein's belief in having students do original research (that is, research whose results are unknown) on their way to discovering their future scientific paths. It tests Brandwein's 1955 hypothesis on the characteristics typical of the young who eventually become scientists, namely: Three factors are considered as being significant in the development of future scientists: a Genetic Factor with a primary base in heredity (general intelligence, numerical ability, and verbal ability); a Predisposing Factor, with a primary base in functions which are psychological in nature; an Activating Factor, with a primary base in the opportunities offered in school and in the special skills of the teacher. High intelligence alone does not make a youngster a scientist (p xix).

Professors, principals and textbooks from the Midwifery school in Zadar.

PubMed

Maksimović, Jovan; Maksimović, Marko

2017-06-01

Midwifery in Dalmatia was highly undeveloped at the beginning of the XIX century. The health report from 1813 suggested that there were only 48 midwives in the whole province, and none of them with a degree from the midwifery school. After abolishing the Central Schools ("Ecoles Centrales"), which were founded at the time of French reign, and which had the university range, the professors who stayed in Zadar continued their work and teaching in the Midwifery School, which was founded in 1820 according to the decision made by Emperor Franz I, and started working in 1821. Since the school was working continuously for the whole century, a lot of professors and principals passed through. Protomedicus of Dalmatia officially performed the duty of principals of the Midwifery School. Their life and work biographies were gathered in this paper. Although the newcomers were mostly illiterate, very contemporary and valuable textbooks were used at that time. The professors of this school wrote some of these textbooks. This paper analyses those textbooks from the current medical science and praxis point of view, which points out to its significance and contribution of its authors to the reputation that the School enjoyed at that time.

[The Library of Medicine of Córdoba, witness and protagonist of knowledge from the end of the 19th Century to the beginning of 21st Century].

PubMed

Graciela Cañete, M

2004-01-01

In the nineteenth century, was founded the Medicine's Library of the National University Faculty of Medicine, center of knowledge, new ideas and teaching. The history library sector hold the valuable inheritance that represent the collection of Teachers Doctors, Pablo Mirizzi, Temístocles Castellano, Pedro Ara, José F. Verna, Juan Martín Allende located with the books and thesis of the XIX century and beginning of XX century. In 1986 it integrates the National Health Science Information Network and also, the Latino American and the Caribbean Health Science Information Network. The health libraries are in front of a new paradigm. The technologies of information and communication require new methods for administration of the information's resources and services, to answer the society information needs in the knowledge age. The traditional and virtual library is one unit that complement sources in different supports, electronic publications and interactive networks. It is the nexus between the scientific inheritance and the society, and it's mission is: Give local and virtual information's services and management the information's resources, basis of the knowledge society, support of teaching, investigation and extension of the Medical Sciences Faculty of the Córdoba National University.

Different autosomes evolved into sex chromosomes in the sister genera of Salix and Populus

PubMed Central

Hou, Jing; Ye, Ning; Zhang, Defang; Chen, Yingnan; Fang, Lecheng; Dai, Xiaogang; Yin, Tongming

2015-01-01

Willows (Salix) and poplars (Populus) are dioecious plants in Salicaceae family. Sex chromosome in poplar genome was consistently reported to be associated with chromosome XIX. In contrast to poplar, this study revealed that chromosome XV was sex chromosome in willow. Previous studies revealed that both ZZ/ZW and XX/XY sex-determining systems could be present in some species of Populus. In this study, sex of S. suchowensis was found to be determined by the ZW system in which the female was the heterogametic gender. Gene syntenic and collinear comparisons revealed macrosynteny between sex chromosomes and the corresponding autosomes between these two lineages. By contrast, no syntenic segments were found to be shared between poplar's and willow's sex chromosomes. Syntenic analysis also revealed substantial chromosome rearrangements between willow's alternate sex chromatids. Since willow and poplar originate from a common ancestor, we proposed that evolution of autosomes into sex chromosomes in these two lineages occurred after their divergence. Results of this study indicate that sex chromosomes in Salicaceae are still at the early stage of evolutionary divergence. Additionally, this study provided valuable information for better understanding the genetics and evolution of sex chromosome in dioecious plants. PMID:25766834

[Sanitary conditions, medical care and epidemiology situation of infectious diseases in Lvov in the period of Galicia autonomy (from the years 60ties/70ties of 19th century to the year 1914)].

PubMed

Berner, Włodzimierz

2007-01-01

Galicia autonomy received at the turn of the 60s and 70s of the XIX century contributed to the formation of organizational basis for activities in favour of improvement of health in the country, including the biggest city of Austrian partition--Lvov. In this city until the World War I outbreak intensive works concerning construction of sewage and water supply systems were performed, what beneficially affected the sanitary conditions in some districts. At the same time despite strenuous efforts, the attempts to provide cobbled permanent surfaces of the majority of roads were unsuccessful. Serious concerns were expressed in relation to living conditions of the Lvov working class. In the situation, the municipal self-governing health service, developed in 1872, with a few district sanitary physicians (7 in 1914) was not able to significantly decrease the incidence of infectious diseases and disease-related mortality rate, however some improvement in this issue was observed. Among the most dangerous diseases predominated tuberculosis, followed by scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and whooping cough, typhoid fever and dysentery. At the beginning of the XX century the health service managed to eliminate smallpox due to implementation of annual vaccination of infants.

[The history of smallpox vaccination in the Imperial Moscow foster house].

PubMed

Sher, S A

2011-01-01

The article deals with the history of vaccination against natural smallpox which is directly connected to the Imperial Moscow foster house which became one of smallpox vaccination centers in Russia of XIX century. In 1801, when variolations were substituted by more safe cowpox vaccinations, in Russia the first vaccination using the method of Jenner was made exactly in in the Imperial Moscow foster house. From 1805, the smallpox vaccination received the status of force of law, the Imperial Moscow foster house began to produce and to distribute the smallpox vaccine all over the country and apply the smallpox vaccination not only to its foster children but to all turned to and, besides that, to train the smallpox vaccination. In 1857, the Imperial Moscow foster house became the first establishment in Russia where the revaccination was applied. In 1980, the WHO proclaimed that the implementation of the global program of smallpox irradiation resulted in the natural smallpox elimination on Earth. The smallpox became the first communicable disease defeated due to mass vaccination. One third of Earth population was vaccinated by the Soviet vaccine, which originated mainly because of the activities of physicians of the Imperial Moscow foster house.

[The knowledge of animal respiration as a combustion phenomenon].

PubMed

de Micheli, Alfredo

2014-01-01

The different stages leading to knowledge of the phenomenon of animal breathing are going from some writings in Corpus Hippocraticum to Aristoteles' and Galen's works, who considered the heart as the source of the animal heat. Later, Miguel Servet suggested that the inspired air can achieve other functions besides cooling the blood. After that, different explications of the animal heat were raised. About 1770, due to progress of knowledge in the chemistry field, first Mayow and later Black began to consider the animal respiration as a combustion. The important treatise Méthode de nomenclature chimique, published by Guyton de Morveau et al. in 1787 and soon after the Traité élémentaire de chimie de Lavoisier (1789) provided a solid support to Lavoisier's thought. This way on arrived to consider analogous the respiration and combustion phenomena. Studies on the animal respiration phenomenon continued in xix century and in the following century it was possible to apply thermodynamic principles to biology: "generalized thermodynamics". Copyright © 2013 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

[From the history of organization of the health service in Lódz on the turn of XIXth and XXth century (to 1914)].

PubMed

Berner, Włodzimierz

2002-01-01

On the turn of the 60s and 70s of the XIX century as a result of social -economical transformations which had occurred in the Polish Kingdom, Lódź experienced extremely quick industrial and demographical progress. With the increase in the number of inhabitants, particularly from 80s, the dynamic changes were observed, resulting in the increase in the number of health- service workers in the private service including doctors, dentists, barber-surgeons, midwives and druggists. In the multinational and multireligious Lódz, among health service workers, beside Polish ones there was also staff of German and Jewish descent. In comparison with the private service, the municipal one consisting of only a few doctors, veterinary surgeons and barber-surgeons, was expanding much more slowly. This was a result of Russian sanitary administrations, interest at public health being limited to the minimum. The worsening sanitary-hygienic conditions were the manifestation of this, and in consequence-growing incidence and high death rate of Lódź community, especially from acute and chronic infectious diseases. Decisive role, in the fight against health menaces, fell to socially committed doctors, who were helped by dentists and druggists.

Turbulent and directed plasma motions in solar flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fludra, A.; Bentley, R. D.; Lemen, J. R.; Jakimiec, J.; Sylwester, J.

1989-01-01

An improved method for fitting asymmetric soft X-ray line profiles from solar flares is presented. A two-component model is used where one component represents the total emission from directed upflow plasma and the other the emission from the plasma at rest. Unlike previous methods, the width of the moving component is independent from that of the stationary component. Time variations of flare plasma characteristics (i.e., temperature, emission measure of moving and stationary plasma, upflow and turbulent velocities) are derived from the Ca XIX and Fe XXV spectra recorded by the Bent Crystal Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission. The fitting technique provides a statistical estimation for the uncertainties in the fitting parameters. The relationship between the directed and turbulent motions has been studied, and a correlation of the random and directed motions has been found in some flares with intensive plasma upflows. Mean temperatures of the upflowing and stationary plasmas are compared for the first time from ratios of calcium to iron X-ray line intensities. Finally, evidence for turbulent motions and the possibility of plasma upflow late into the decay phase is presented and discussed.

Energy transport and dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmieder, Brigitte; Peres, Giovanni; Enome, Shinzo; Falciani, Roberto; Heinzel, Petr; Henoux, Jean-Claude; Mariska, John T.; Reale, Fabio; Rilee, Mike L.; Rompolt, Bogdan

1994-01-01

We report findings concerning energy transport and dynamics in flares during the impulsive and gradual phases based on new ground-based and space observations (notably from Yohkoh). A preheating sometimes occurs during the impulsive phase. Ca XIX line shifts are confirmed to be good tracers of bulk plasma motions, although strong blue shifts are not as frequent as previously claimed. They often appear correlated with hard X-rays but, for some events, the concept that electron beams provide the whole energy input to the thermal component seems not to apply. Theory now yields: new diagnostics of low-energy proton and electric beams; accurate hydrodynamical modeling of pulse beam heating of the atmosphere; possible diagnostics of microflares (based on X-ray line ratio or on loop variability); and simulated images of chromospheric evaporation fronts. For the gradual phase, the continual reorganization of magnetic field lines over active regions determines where and when magnetic reconnection, the mechanism favored for energy release, will occur. Spatial and temporal fragmentation of the energy release, observed at different wavelengths, is considered to be a factor as well in energy transport and plasma dynamics.

SMM X-ray polychromator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strong, Keith T.; Haisch, Bernhard M. (Compiler); Lemen, James R. (Compiler); Acton, L. W.; Bawa, H. S.; Claflin, E. S.; Freeland, S. L.; Slater, G. L.; Kemp, D. L.; Linford, G. A.

1988-01-01

The range of observing and analysis programs accomplished with the X-Ray Polychromator (XRP) instruments during the decline of solar cycle 21 and the rise of the solar cycle 22 is summarized. Section 2 describes XRP operations and current status. This is meant as a guide on how the instrument is used to obtain data and what its capabilities are for potential users. The science section contains a series of representative abstracts from recently published papers on major XRP science topics. It is not meant to be a complete list but illustrates the type of science that can come from the analysis of the XRP data. There then follows a series of appendixes that summarize the major data bases that are available. Appendix A is a complete bibliography of papers and presentations produced using XRP data. Appendix B lists all the spectroscopic data accumulated by the Flat Crystal Spectrometer (FCS). Appendix C is a compilation of the XRP flare catalogue for events equivalent to a GOES C-level flare or greater. It lists the start, peak and end times as well as the peak Ca XIX flux.

SMM X-ray polychromator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strong, Keith T.; Haisch, Bernhard M.; Lemen, James R.; Acton, L. W.; Bawa, H. S.; Claflin, E. S.; Freeland, S. L.; Slater, G. L.; Kemp, D. L.; Linford, G. A.

1988-05-01

The range of observing and analysis programs accomplished with the X-Ray Polychromator (XRP) instruments during the decline of solar cycle 21 and the rise of the solar cycle 22 is summarized. Section 2 describes XRP operations and current status. This is meant as a guide on how the instrument is used to obtain data and what its capabilities are for potential users. The science section contains a series of representative abstracts from recently published papers on major XRP science topics. It is not meant to be a complete list but illustrates the type of science that can come from the analysis of the XRP data. There then follows a series of appendixes that summarize the major data bases that are available. Appendix A is a complete bibliography of papers and presentations produced using XRP data. Appendix B lists all the spectroscopic data accumulated by the Flat Crystal Spectrometer (FCS). Appendix C is a compilation of the XRP flare catalogue for events equivalent to a GOES C-level flare or greater. It lists the start, peak and end times as well as the peak Ca XIX flux.

Recent Developments in the NIST Atomic Databases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kramida, Alexander

New versions of the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD, v. 4.0) and three bibliographic databases (Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra, v. 2.0, Atomic Transition Probabilities, v. 9.0, and Atomic Line Broadening and Shapes, v. 3.0) have recently been released. In this contribution I will describe the main changes in the way users get the data through the Web. The contents of ASD have been significantly extended. In particular, the data on highly ionized tungsten (W III-LXXIV) have been added from a recently published NIST compilation. The tables for Fe I and Fe II have been replaced with newer, much moremore » extensive lists (10000 lines for Fe I). The other updated or new spectra include H, D, T, He I-II, Li I-III, Be I-IV, B I-V, C I-II, N I-II, O I-II, Na I-X, K I-XIX, and Hg I. The new version of ASD now incorporates data on isotopes of several elements. I will describe some of the issues the NIST ASD Team faces when updating the data.« less

Explosive plasma flows in a solar flare

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zarro, Dominic M.; Canfield, Richard C.; Metcalf, Thomas R.; Strong, Keith T.

1988-01-01

Solar Maximum Mission soft X-ray data and Sacramento Peak Observatory H-alpha observations are combined in a study of the impulsive phase of a solar flare. A blue asymmetry, indicative of upflows, was observed in the coronal Ca XIX line during the soft X-ray rise phase. A red asymmetry, indicative of downflows, was observed simultaneously in chromospheric H-alpha emitted from bright flare kernels during the period of hard X-ray emission. Combining the velocity data with a measurement of coronal electron density, it is shown that the impulsive phase momentum of upflowing soft X-ray-emitting plasma equalled that of the downflowing H-alpha-emitting plasma to within one order of magnitude. In particular, the momentum of the upflowing plasma was 2 x 10 to the 21st g cm/s while that of the downflowing plasma was 7 x 10 to the 21st g cm/s, with a factor of 2 uncertainty on each value. This equality supports the explosive chromospheric evaporation model of solar flares, in which a sudden pressure increase at the footprint of a coronal loop produces oppositely directed flows in the heated plasma.

77 FR 31499 - Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Programs; Disallowance of Claims for FFP and Technical...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-29

...This final rule reflects the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' commitment to the general principles of the President's Executive Order 13563 released January 18, 2011, entitled ``Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review.'' This rule will: implement a new reconsideration process for administrative determinations to disallow claims for Federal financial participation (FFP) under title XIX of the Act (Medicaid); lengthen the time States have to credit the Federal government for identified but uncollected Medicaid provider overpayments and provide that interest will be due on amounts not credited within that time period; make conforming changes to the Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) disallowance process to allow States the option to retain disputed Federal funds through the new administrative reconsideration process; revise installment repayment standards and schedules for States that owe significant amounts; and provide that interest charges may accrue during the new administrative reconsideration process if a State chooses to retain the funds during that period. This final rule will also make a technical correction to reporting requirements for disproportionate share hospital payments, revise internal delegations of authority to reflect the term ``Administrator or current Designee,'' remove obsolete language, and correct other technical errors.

['Specificity' in microbiology and immunochemistry between 1880 and 1930].

PubMed

Corbellini, Gilberto

2010-01-01

During the second half of the XIX Century, microbiological sciences acquired a set of conceptual, methodological and technological tools that radically transformed theoretical and empirical knowledge of the microorganisms, with particular regard to their biochemical properties and their etiopathological role in infectious diseases. During that period, theoretical and experimental researches in general microbiology and immunochemistry addressed the nature and empirical appearances of microbes, both pathogens and not, and the origins of chemical properties of immune sera. In other words, microbiologists tried operatively explaining the origins of the morphological, physiological, and pathogenetic differences between the microbial species. At the same time physiologists and biochemists investigated the chemical basis of the selective or specific interactions between microorganisms or their chemical components and humoral factors contained into the sera produced by the body in response to the contact with microbes. During the half a century, between 1880 and 1930, qualitative and quantitative experimental studies demonstrated that the specificity of microbiological phenomena depended on the biology of microbes and that the specificity of immune reactions hinged upon the biochemical properties of special molecules synthesized by some physiological system which can recognize and react against any foreign substance.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Ivan Petrovic Pavlov: their parallel scientific lives, schools and nobel prizes.

PubMed

Rozo, Jairo A; Rodríguez-Moreno, Antonio

2015-01-01

Santiago Ramón y Cajal was not only a great scientist but he was also a dedicated teacher who managed to create his own School in Spain. Cajal was active at the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX century, a period in which Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, another great contemporary scientist, also established a strong School in Russia. While these two acclaimed scientists shared a similar vision on science, a view they also conveyed to their disciples, they applied quite distinct criteria in the way they dealt with their followers. Interestingly, despite the geographic and idiomatic barriers that had to be overcome, the paths of these two great figures of XX century science crossed at least three times. First when they competed for the City of Moscow Prize, second when they both attended the "Congreso Internacional de Medicina de Madrid" (Medicine International Congress in Madrid) in 1903 and finally, they competed on four consecutive occasions for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Here we discuss their scientific vision, their different attitudes in the interaction with disciples and the distinct circumstances in which their paths crossed.

[Poles, the authors of doctor theses of the faculty of medicine in Strasburg].

PubMed

Gepner-Wozniewska, M; Pruszyńska, A

1996-01-01

Among Poles emigrating from Poland in XIX century (after November and January insurrection) there have been physicians and students of medicine - practising in insurgent troops - and young people, who after arrival in France started medical studies at the medical faculties of Paris, Montpellier, and Strasburg. In Strasburg between 1833 and 1870 there have been promoted 1440 doctors of medicine, including 15 Polish emigrants (three have been granted diplomas before coming to France) and two sons of emigrants. Generally all of them were subsidized by the French government and released from additional payments. At the university they were treated favourably and they were even taking advantage of some conveniences. From the archival materials of the Faculty of Medicine and dossiers of students - refugees from the Department Archives of Bas-Rhin in Strasburg, there was possible to reconstruct the fragments of their biographies, even with such details as notes of exems or outward appearance. In biographical notes there have been presented 17 authors of the doctor's theses defended in Strasburg between 1833 and 1870 (12 were granted the diplomas between 1853 and 1847, five others - between 1867 and 1870).

Analyses of the dynamics of changes between individual men's events in front crawl during the XIX Olympic Games in Beijing 2008.

PubMed

Kucia-Czyszczoń, Katarzyna; Dybińska, Ewa; Bieniek, Paweł; Ambroży, Tadeusz

2014-01-01

The main purpose of this study was to analyze tactical solutions used by swimmers, the finalists of the 19th Beijing Olympics in 2008, in individual front crawl events at distances of 50, 100 and 200 m. Observations were carried out on 7 swimmers, the Beijing Olympics medalists competing in front crawl individual events. Detailed analyses were run on: 1) Sports results obtained by the finalists at distances of 50, 100 and 200 m front crawl; 2) block time; 3) results of each 50 m lap time (100 and 200) called split times except 50 m front crawl (there is no split time in 50 m); and 4) the mean swimming speed (V) on individual laps of the analyzed races. To determine the correlation between the response time, the time of individual laps, and the final time of the analyzed front crawl races, Pearson's linear correlation coefficient r was obtained. As a result of detailed analyses of the test material it is believed that not only tactics for an individual race is important, but equally significant is to elaborate the strategy for the whole event and to prepare the swimmer to compete in the system of heats, semifinals and finals. However, some of the following tactical objectives can be formulated: sprinters (a distance of 50 and 100 m front crawl) should start at maximum speed, according to their abilities, and try to maintain that speed until the end of the race; middle-distance swimmers (200 m front crawl) should adopt the most optimal tactical solutions characterized by increasing speed in the second half of the distance.

Water Quality Instructional Resources Information System (IRIS): A Compilation of Abstracts to Water Quality and Water Resources Materials, Supplement XIX (1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH. Information Reference Center for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education.

Compiled are abstracts and indexes to selected print and non-print materials related to wastewater treatment and water quality education and instruction, as well as materials related to pesticides, hazardous wastes, and public participation. Sources of abstracted/indexed materials include all levels of government, private concerns, and educational…

Female Teachers Training in Educational Grades of Women's Gymnasia in Kazan in the Last Third of the XIX--Early XX Centuries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kornilova, Irina V.; Magsumov, Timur A.; Shakirov, Rasul R.

2016-01-01

The purpose of the article is to study the way the female teacher education was formed in late imperial Russia. The subject of the study is the specific element of this process in Kazan province, being a multi-ethnic region. The article analyses a number of issues, the ones related to the activities of the two Kazan gymnasia--Maryinskaya and…

Innovative Basis of Research of Technologic Features of Some Craftsmanship Traditions of Ganja (On the Sample of Carpets of XIX Century)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hasanov, Elnur L.

2016-01-01

The carpet production in Ganja took one of the leading handicraft activities since ancient times and still impresses with its high skill and the variety of colors, but there have been no widely studied the question of the creation technology of such representatives of cultural heritage. Scientific paper deals with the research of the basic…

Improvements on the optical properties of Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide glasses with iodine incorporation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Chen; Wang, Xunsi; Zhu, Qingde; Nie, Qiuhua; Zhu, Minming; Zhang, Peiquan; Dai, Shixun; Shen, Xiang; Xu, Tiefeng; Cheng, Ci; Liao, Fangxing; Liu, Zijun; Zhang, Xianghua

2015-11-01

Decreasing glass network defects and improving optical transmittance are essential work for material researchers. We studied the function of halogen iodine (I) acting as a glass network modifier in Ge-Sb-Se-based chalcogenide glass system. A systematic series of Ge20Sb5Se75-xIx (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 at.%) infrared (IR) chalcohalide glasses were investigated to decrease the weak absorption tail (WAT) and improve the mid-IR transparency. The mechanisms of the halogen I affecting the physical, thermal, and optical properties of Se-based chalcogenide glasses were reported. The structural evolutions of these glasses were also revealed by Raman spectroscopy and camera imaging. The progressive substitution of I for Se increased the optical bandgap. The WAT and scatting loss significantly decreased corresponding to the progressive decrease in structural defects caused by dangling bands and structure defects in the original Ge20Sb5Se75 glass. The achieved maximum IR transparency of Ge-Sb-Se-I glasses can reach up to 80% with an effective transmission window between 0.94 μm and 17 μm, whereas the absorption coefficient decreased to 0.029 cm-1 at 10.16 μm. Thus, these materials are promising candidates for developing low-loss IR fibers.

Medicare and state health care programs: fraud and abuse, civil money penalties and intermediate sanctions for certain violations by health maintenance organizations and competitive medical plans--HHS. Final rule.

PubMed

1994-07-15

This final rule implements sections 9312(c)(2), 9312(f), and 9434(b) of Public Law 99-509, section 7 of Public Law 100-93, section 4014 of Public Law 100-203, sections 224 and 411(k)(12) of Public Law 100-360, and section 6411(d)(3) of Public Law 101-239. These provisions broaden the Secretary's authority to impose intermediate sanctions and civil money penalties on health maintenance organizations (HMOs), competitive medical plans, and other prepaid health plans contracting under Medicare or Medicaid that (1) substantially fail to provide an enrolled individual with required medically necessary items and services; (2) engage in certain marketing, enrollment, reporting, or claims payment abuses; or (3) in the case of Medicare risk-contracting plans, employ or contract with, either directly or indirectly, an individual or entity excluded from participation in Medicare. The provisions also condition Federal financial participation in certain State payments on the State's exclusion of certain prohibited entities from participation in HMO contracts and waiver programs. This final rule is intended to significantly enhance the protections for Medicare beneficiaries and Medicaid recipients enrolled in a HMO, competitive medical plan, or other contracting organization under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act.

Sexual dimorphic floral development in dioecious plants revealed by transcriptome, phytohormone, and DNA methylation analysis in Populus tomentosa.

PubMed

Song, Yuepeng; Ma, Kaifeng; Ci, Dong; Chen, Qingqing; Tian, Jiaxing; Zhang, Deqiang

2013-12-01

Dioecious plants have evolved sex-specific floral development mechanisms. However, the precise gene expression patterns in dioecious plant flower development remain unclear. Here, we used andromonoecious poplar, an exceptional model system, to eliminate the confounding effects of genetic background of dioecious plants. Comparative transcriptome and physiological analysis allowed us to characterize sex-specific development of female and male flowers. Transcriptome analysis identified genes significantly differentially expressed between the sexes, including genes related to floral development, phytohormone synthesis and metabolism, and DNA methylation. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between phytohormone signaling and gene expression, identifying specific phytohormone-responsive genes and their cis-regulatory elements. Two genes related to DNA methylation, METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (MET1) and DECREASED DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1), which are located in the sex determination region of Chromosome XIX, have differential expression between female and male flowers. A time-course analysis revealed that MET1 and DDM1 expression may produce different DNA methylation levels in female and male flowers. Understanding the interactions of phytohormone signaling, DNA methylation and target gene expression should lead to a better understanding of sexual differences in floral development. Thus, this study identifies a set of candidate genes for further studies of poplar sexual dimorphism and relates sex-specific floral development to physiological and epigenetic changes.

[Interuniversity Medical Library in Paris (BIUM) Collection of the Polish theses for doctor degrees].

PubMed

Pruszyńska, A

2001-01-01

The study consist of two parts. The first refers to the history and the present of Medical Library in Paris - one of the richest European medical book libraries, containing among others collection gathered by Medical Faculty and the Royal Medical Society since 1391. An abridged description of its edifice in the University of René Descartes, interior decorations of its main hall and opened quarters, as well as exhibits of the Museum of Medicine History is given. Author rises merits of professor Pierre Süe - surgeon and librarian - rendered by rescue of the library dismembered during the revolution of 1789. Here we shall find references of the most valuable incunabula and rare prints of the collection, distinctive for particular periods of progress in medicine and printing art. The second part of study contains information about unique collection of doctor theses presented in Medical Faculty since 1539 to 1778, and dissertations from Montpellier, Strasbourg and universities abroad - up to 1778. Particularly important seem to be titles of 32 theses prepared by the Polish authors awarding doctor degrees in Paris in the years 1890-1900 retrieved by the author, as completing in this field the Stanislas Konopka's Polish Medical Bibliography of XIX century (vol. IX, article: Doctor Theses - Paris).

Tribal child welfare. Interim final rule.

PubMed

2012-01-06

The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is issuing this interim final rule to implement statutory provisions related to the Tribal title IV-E program. Effective October 1, 2009, section 479B(b) of the Social Security Act (the Act) authorizes direct Federal funding of Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, and Tribal consortia that choose to operate a foster care, adoption assistance and, at Tribal option, a kinship guardianship assistance program under title IV-E of the Act. The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 requires that ACF issue interim final regulations which address procedures to ensure that a transfer of responsibility for the placement and care of a child under a State title IV-E plan to a Tribal title IV-E plan occurs in a manner that does not affect the child's eligibility for title IV-E benefits or medical assistance under title XIX of the Act (Medicaid) and such services or payments; in-kind expenditures from third-party sources for the Tribal share of administration and training expenditures under title IV-E; and other provisions to carry out the Tribal-related amendments to title IV-E. This interim final rule includes these provisions and technical amendments necessary to implement a Tribal title IV-E program.

Meiofauna communities along an abyssal depth gradient in the Drake Passage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutzmann, E.; Martínez Arbizu, P.; Rose, A.; Veit-Köhler, G.

2004-07-01

Meiofauna standing stocks and community structure are reported for the first time for abyssal soft-sediment samples in Antarctic waters. At seven stations within a depth range of 2274-5194 m a total of 128 sediment cores were retrieved with a multiple corer (MUC) on board of the R.V. Polarstern during the ANDEEP-1 cruise (ANT XIX/3). The metazoan meiofauna (defined by a lower size limit of 40 μm) was identified and counted, and one core per station was preserved for CPE, C/N, TOM and grain size analyses. Meiofauna densities are in the range of 2731 Ind./10 cm 2 at 2290 m depth and 75 Ind./10 cm 2 at 3597 m depth, with nematodes being the dominant group at all stations. Nematodes account for 84-94% followed by copepods with 2-8% of the total meiofauna. Other frequent taxa found at each station are kinorhynchs, loriciferans, tantulocarids, ostracods and tardigrades. There is a general tendency of decreasing abundances of metazoan meiofauna with increasing depth, but not all higher level taxa displayed this pattern. In addition, a tendency of decreasing higher taxon density with increasing depth was observed. Standing stocks are higher than the average found at similar depths in other oceans.

The System for Quick Search of the Astronomical Objects and Events in the Digital Plate Archives.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sergeev, A. V.; Sergeeva, T. P.

From the middle of the XIX century observatories all over the world have accumulated about three millions astronomical plates contained the unique information about the Universe which can not be obtained or restored with the help of any newest facilities and technologies but may be useful for many modern astronomical investigations. The threat of astronomical plate archives loss caused by economical, technical or some other causes have put before world astronomical community a problem: the preservation of the unique information kept on those plates. The problem can be solved by transformation of the information from plates to digital form and keeping it on electronic data medium. We began a creation of a system for quick search and analysing of astronomical events and objects in digital plate archive of the Ukrainian Main astronomical observatory of NAS. Connection of the system to Internet will allow a remote user (astronomer or observer) to have access to digital plate archive and to work with it. For providing of the high efficiency of this work the plate database (list of the plates with all information about them and access software) are preparing. Modular structure of the system basic software and standard format of the plate image files allow future development of problem-oriented software for special astronomical researches.

Acoustic communication in insect disease vectors

PubMed Central

Vigoder, Felipe de Mello; Ritchie, Michael Gordon; Gibson, Gabriella; Peixoto, Alexandre Afranio

2013-01-01

Acoustic signalling has been extensively studied in insect species, which has led to a better understanding of sexual communication, sexual selection and modes of speciation. The significance of acoustic signals for a blood-sucking insect was first reported in the XIX century by Christopher Johnston, studying the hearing organs of mosquitoes, but has received relatively little attention in other disease vectors until recently. Acoustic signals are often associated with mating behaviour and sexual selection and changes in signalling can lead to rapid evolutionary divergence and may ultimately contribute to the process of speciation. Songs can also have implications for the success of novel methods of disease control such as determining the mating competitiveness of modified insects used for mass-release control programs. Species-specific sound “signatures” may help identify incipient species within species complexes that may be of epidemiological significance, e.g. of higher vectorial capacity, thereby enabling the application of more focussed control measures to optimise the reduction of pathogen transmission. Although the study of acoustic communication in insect vectors has been relatively limited, this review of research demonstrates their value as models for understanding both the functional and evolutionary significance of acoustic communication in insects. PMID:24473800

[The eradication of the poliomyelitis in the European Region of the World Health Organization].

PubMed

Limia Sánchez, Aurora

2013-01-01

Poliomyelitis was considered an important event for the public health since the end of XIX century when this disease became epidemic. As soon as vaccines were available member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the European Region started to implement vaccination programmes against polio with an important impact in the incidence in this disease. In May 1988, the World Health Assembly resolution for the global eradication of poliomyelitis was adopted and the mechanisms to oversee the progress in the different WHO Regions were established. This article briefly reviews the history of polio in the WHO European Region, the process for certification and maintenance, the strategies for eradication and the current situation in the European Region and globally. The European Region was certified polio-free in 2002. Nevertheless, there are still three endemic countries in the world, some others use live attenuated vaccines as well as countries in the Horn of Africa are recently suffering the reintroduction of wild poliovirus. Considering these circumstances, the risk of reintroduction of poliovirus and the generation of outbreaks in the European Region exists, therefore high vaccination coverage against polio and good quality surveillance systems are needed to be guaranteed in every member state.

Capitalist Discourse, Subjectivity and Lacanian Psychoanalysis

PubMed Central

Vanheule, Stijn

2016-01-01

This paper studies how subjectivity in capitalist culture can be characterized. Building on Lacan's later seminars XVI, XVII, XVIII, and XIX, the author first outlines Lacan's general discourse theory, which includes four characteristic discourses: the discourse of the master, the discourse of the university, the discourse of the hysteric and the discourse of the analyst. Next, the author explores the subjectivity and the mode of dealing with jouissance and semblance, which is entailed in a fifth type of discourse, the capitalist discourse, discussed by Lacan (1972). Indeed, like the other discourses that Lacan discerns, the discourse of the capitalist can be thought of as a mode of dealing with the sexual non-rapport. It is argued that in the case of neurosis the discourse of the capitalist functions as an attempt to ignore the sexual non-rapport and the dimension of the unconscious. Psychosis, by contrast, is marked by an a priori exclusion from discourse. In that case, consumerist ways of relating to the other might offer a semblance, and thus the possibility of inventing a mode of relating to the other. Two clinical vignettes are presented to illustrate this perspective: one concerning the neurotic structure and one concerning the psychotic structure. PMID:28018280

Source processes of strong earthquakes in the North Tien-Shan region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulikova, G.; Krueger, F.

2013-12-01

Tien-Shan region attracts attention of scientists worldwide due to its complexity and tectonic uniqueness. A series of very strong destructive earthquakes occurred in Tien-Shan at the turn of XIX and XX centuries. Such large intraplate earthquakes are rare in seismology, which increases the interest in the Tien-Shan region. The presented study focuses on the source processes of large earthquakes in Tien-Shan. The amount of seismic data is limited for those early times. In 1889, when a major earthquake has occurred in Tien-Shan, seismic instruments were installed in very few locations in the world and these analog records did not survive till nowadays. Although around a hundred seismic stations were operating at the beginning of XIX century worldwide, it is not always possible to get high quality analog seismograms. Digitizing seismograms is a very important step in the work with analog seismic records. While working with historical seismic records one has to take into account all the aspects and uncertainties of manual digitizing and the lack of accurate timing and instrument characteristics. In this study, we develop an easy-to-handle and fast digitization program on the basis of already existing software which allows to speed up digitizing process and to account for all the recoding system uncertainties. Owing to the lack of absolute timing for the historical earthquakes (due to the absence of a universal clock at that time), we used time differences between P and S phases to relocate the earthquakes in North Tien-Shan and the body-wave amplitudes to estimate their magnitudes. Combining our results with geological data, five earthquakes in North Tien-Shan were precisely relocated. The digitizing of records can introduce steps into the seismograms which makes restitution (removal of instrument response) undesirable. To avoid the restitution, we simulated historic seismograph recordings with given values for damping and free period of the respective instrument and

Apuntes en torno a la caoba dominicana y hondureña en Puerto Rico durante el siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX

Treesearch

Carlos M. Domínguez Cristóbal

2009-01-01

La introducción de la caoba dominicana a Puerto Rico es uno de los temas que no solo interesan a los geobotànicos. Dentro de esa perspectiva el Instituto Internacional de Dasonomía Tropical (IIDT) posee un legado de significativa contribución para con el tema. No obstante, este tema no ha sido considerado desde la perspectiva de los...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abou El-Maaref, A., E-mail: aahmh@hotmail.com; Allam, S.H.; El-Sherbini, Th.M.

The energy levels, oscillator strengths, line strengths, and transition probabilities for transitions among the terms belonging to the 3s{sup 2}3p{sup 2}, 3s3p{sup 3}, 3s{sup 2}3p3d, 3s{sup 2}3p4s, 3s{sup 2}3p4p and 3s{sup 2}3p4d configurations of silicon-like ions (Zn XVII, Ga XVIII, Ge XIX, and As XX) have been calculated using the configuration-interaction code CIV3. The calculations have been carried out in the intermediate coupling scheme using the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian. The present calculations have been compared with the available experimental data and other theoretical calculations. Most of our calculations of energy levels and oscillator strengths (in length form) show good agreement withmore » both experimental and theoretical data. Lifetimes of the excited levels have also been calculated. -- Highlights: •We have calculated the fine-structure energy levels of Si-like Zn, Ga, Ge and As. •The calculations are performed using the configuration interaction method (CIV3). •We have calculated the oscillator strengths, line strengths and transition rates. •The wavelengths of the transitions are listed in this article. •We also have made comparisons between our data and other calculations.« less

Human Myo19 is a novel myosin that associates with mitochondria

PubMed Central

Quintero, Omar A.; DiVito, Melinda M.; Adikes, Rebecca C.; Kortan, Melisa B.; Case, Lindsay B.; Lier, Audun J.; Panaretos, Niki S.; Slater, Stephanie Q.; Rengarajan, Michelle; Feliu, Marianela; Cheney, Richard E.

2009-01-01

Summary Mitochondria are pleomorphic organelles [1, 2] that have central roles in cell physiology. Defects in their localization and dynamics lead to human disease [3-5]. Myosins are actin-based motors that power processes such as muscle contraction, cytokinesis, and organelle transport [6]. Here we report the initial characterization of myosin-XIX (Myo19), the founding member of a novel class of myosin that associates with mitochondria. The 970aa heavy chain consists of a motor domain, three IQ motifs, and a short tail. Myo19 mRNA is expressed in multiple tissues and antibodies to human Myo19 detect a ∼109kD band in multiple cell lines. Both endogenous Myo19 and GFP-Myo19 exhibit striking localization to mitochondria. Deletion analysis reveals that the Myo19 tail is necessary and sufficient for mitochondrial localization. Expressing full-length GFP-Myo19 in A549 cells reveals a remarkable gain-of-function where the majority of the mitochondria move continuously. Moving mitochondria travel for many microns with an obvious leading end and distorted shape. The motility and shape-change are sensitive to latrunculin B, indicating that both are actin-dependent. Expressing the GFP-Myo19 tail in CAD cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial run lengths in neurites. These results suggest that this novel myosin functions as an actin-based motor for mitochondrial movement in vertebrate cells. PMID:19932026

Neuroimmunology Research. A Report from the Cuban Network of Neuroimmunology

PubMed Central

Robinson-Agramonte, María de los Angeles

2018-01-01

Neuroimmunology can be traced back to the XIX century through the descriptions of some of the disease’s models (e.g., multiple sclerosis and Guillain Barret syndrome, amongst others). The diagnostic tools are based in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis developed by Quincke or in the development of neuroimmunotherapy with the earlier expression in Pasteur’s vaccine for rabies. Nevertheless, this field, which began to become delineated as an independent research area in the 1940s, has evolved as an innovative and integrative field at the shared edges of neurosciences, immunology, and related clinical and research areas, which are currently becoming a major concern for neuroscience and indeed for all of the scientific community linked to it. The workshop focused on several topics: (1) the molecular mechanisms of immunoregulation in health and neurological diseases, (like multiple sclerosis, autism, ataxias, epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease); (2) the use of animal models for neurodegenerative diseases (ataxia, fronto-temporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ataxia-telangiectasia); (3) the results of new interventional technologies in neurology, with a special interest in the implementation of surgical techniques and the management of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy; (4) the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurodevelopmental disorders; as well as (5) the efficacy of neuroprotective molecules in neurodegenerative diseases. This paper summarizes the highlights of the symposium. PMID:29738432

[The dispute over eugenics in interwar Poland].

PubMed

Kawalec, K

2000-01-01

The eugenic problem seems not as well known as it was in the period between the world wars. The word "eugenics" was introduced into the scientific language by the British biologist, Francis Galton at the end of the XIX century. In general, it means the study of the methods of protecting and improving the quality of the human race by selective breeding. Galton's remarks initiated a wider (social and political) movement, which was active in some countries. The eugenic tendency was visible in American immigration policy before the Great War - making it difficult for people suffering from particular diseases to enter the USA. After the war, the eugenic movement became much stronger. In some countries (e.g. Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, and over half of the states of the USA) some components of the eugenic programme were introduced into legislation. The eugenic movement also appeared in reconstructed Poland. In 1918 it published it own magazine "Zagadnienia Rasy" (Problems of Human Race), later "Eugenika Polska" (Polish Eugenics). This did not imply however, that interest in the eugenic programme was generally very strong. In fact, it was limited by the influence of the Catholic Church. Another significant factor was lost Polish - German hostility. In the late thirties eugenic slogans lost popularity because of their use in Germany racist policy.

Neuroimmunology Research. A Report from the Cuban Network of Neuroimmunology.

PubMed

Robinson-Agramonte, María de Los Angeles; Pedre, Lourdes Lorigados; Serrano-Barrera, Orlando Ramón

2018-05-08

Neuroimmunology can be traced back to the XIX century through the descriptions of some of the disease’s models (e.g., multiple sclerosis and Guillain Barret syndrome, amongst others). The diagnostic tools are based in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis developed by Quincke or in the development of neuroimmunotherapy with the earlier expression in Pasteur’s vaccine for rabies. Nevertheless, this field, which began to become delineated as an independent research area in the 1940s, has evolved as an innovative and integrative field at the shared edges of neurosciences, immunology, and related clinical and research areas, which are currently becoming a major concern for neuroscience and indeed for all of the scientific community linked to it. The workshop focused on several topics: (1) the molecular mechanisms of immunoregulation in health and neurological diseases, (like multiple sclerosis, autism, ataxias, epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease); (2) the use of animal models for neurodegenerative diseases (ataxia, fronto-temporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ataxia-telangiectasia); (3) the results of new interventional technologies in neurology, with a special interest in the implementation of surgical techniques and the management of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy; (4) the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurodevelopmental disorders; as well as (5) the efficacy of neuroprotective molecules in neurodegenerative diseases. This paper summarizes the highlights of the symposium.

Myofiber turnover is used to retrofit frog jaw muscles during metamorphosis.

PubMed

Alley, K E

1989-01-01

Metamorphic reorganization of the head in anuran amphibians entails abrupt restructuring of the jaw complex as larval feeding structures are transformed into their adult configurations. In this morphometric study, light microscopy wa used to analyze the larval maturation and metamorphic transfiguration of the adductor jaw muscles in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Larval jaw muscles, first established during embryogenesis, continue to grow by fiber addition until prometamorphosis, stage XII. Thereafter, fiber number remains stable but additional muscle growth continues by hypertrophy of the individual fibers until metamorphic climax. During metamorphic stages XIX-XXIII, a complete involution of all larval myofibers occurs. Simultaneously, within the same muscle beds, a second wave of myogenesis produces myoblasts which are the precursors of adult jaw myofibers. New muscle fibers continue to be added to these muscles well after the completion of metamorphosis; however, the total duration of the postmetamorphic myogenic period has not been defined. These observations provide clear evidence that the entir population of primary myofibers used in larval oral activity disappears from the adductor muscle beds and is replaced by a second wave of myogenesis commencing during climax. These findings indicate that the adductor jaw muscles are prepared for adult feeding by a complicated cellular process that retrofits existing muscle beds with a completely new complement of myofibers.

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1993-07-01

Concerning comets: 1955 III Mrkos, 1955 IV Bakharev-Macfarlane-Krienke, 1955 V Honda, 1956 III Mrkos, 1956 IV P/Olbers, 1957 V Mrkos, 1961 II Candy, 1961 V Wilson-Hubbard, 1962 III Seki-Lines, 1962 V P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák, 1963 I Ikeya, 1963 III Alcock, 1964 VI Tomita-Gerber-Honda, 1964 IX Everhart, 1965 VIII Ikeya-Seki, 1966 II Barbon, 1966 V Kilston, 1967 III Wild, 1967 IV Seki, 1967 V P/Tuttle, 1967 X P/Tempel 2, 1970 I Daido-Fujikawa, 1975 IX Kobayashi-Berger-Milon, 1979 X Bradfield, 1986 III P/Halley, 1989 X P/Brorsen-Metcalf, 1989 XIX Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, 1990 III Cernis-Kiuchi-Nakamura, 1990 V Austin, 1990 XIV P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková, 1990 XVII Tsuchiya-Kiuchi, 1990 XX Levy, 1990 XXI P/Encke, 1990 XXVIII P/Wild 2, 1991 XI P/Levy, 1991 XV P/Hartley 2, 1991a1 Shoemaker-Levy, 1992h Spacewatch, 1992l P/Giclas, 1992n P/Schuster, 1992ο P/Daniel, 1992s P/Ciffréo, 1992t P/Swift-Tuttle, 1992u P/Väisälä 1, 1992x P/Schaumasse, 1992y Shoemaker, 1992a1 Ohshita, 1993a Mueller, 1993e P/Shoemaker-Levy 9, P/Smirnova-Chernykh, P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1.

[Fire worship on Soratte: form prehistory to present days].

PubMed

Falchetti, Mario; Ottini, Laura

2013-01-01

Fire has always been involved in human thoughts, believes and actions. For many psychological reasons fire has been considered as living power: red as the human blood, warm as the human body, clearly shines in the night. Fire worship is very common, especially in regions where terrestrial fire is believed to be the image of the heavenly fire. Fire worship has represented the base for symbolic systems involved in the cultural-anthropological evolution of populations settled close to mount Soratte. Fire cults in this region have originated in independent and long-time separated contexts, according to available knowledge. Hirpi Sorani, ancient inhabitants of mount Soratte territory, celebrated Sorano Apollo by a famous fire walking ceremony, with a likely cathartic and apotropaic meaning, as reported by ancient Roman writers. The victory of Christianity over paganism caused the decline of these religious practices. The beginning of the XIX century witnessed the establishment ofa new kind of devotion to the Virgin Mary at the mount Soratte. Today, this religious piety-linked identity has weakened due to changes in lifestyles,from an agricultural to one based on outside home employment, and has been largely shifted on cultural and anthropological bases. In conclusion, fire worship at mount Soratte has evolved because of external influences and local inhabitants have reacted by asserting their own identity.

Brassica villosa, a system for studying non-glandular trichomes and genes in the Brassicas.

PubMed

Nayidu, Naghabushana K; Tan, Yifang; Taheri, Ali; Li, Xiang; Bjorndahl, Trent C; Nowak, Jacek; Wishart, David S; Hegedus, Dwayne; Gruber, Margaret Y

2014-07-01

Brassica villosa is a wild Brassica C genome species with very dense trichome coverage and strong resistance to many insect pests of Brassica oilseeds and vegetables. Transcriptome analysis of hairy B. villosa leaves indicated higher expression of several important trichome initiation genes compared with glabrous B. napus leaves and consistent with the Arabidopsis model of trichome development. However, transcripts of the TRY inhibitory gene in hairy B. villosa were surprisingly high relative to B. napus and relative transcript levels of SAD2, EGL3, and several XIX genes were low, suggesting potential ancillary or less important trichome-related roles for these genes in Brassica species compared with Arabidopsis. Several antioxidant, calcium, non-calcium metal and secondary metabolite genes also showed differential expression between these two species. These coincided with accumulation of two alkaloid-like compounds, high levels of calcium, and other metals in B. villosa trichomes that are correlated with the known tolerance of B. villosa to high salt and the calcium-rich natural habitat of this wild species. This first time report on the isolation of large amounts of pure B. villosa trichomes, on trichome content, and on relative gene expression differences in an exceptionally hairy Brassica species compared with a glabrous species opens doors for the scientific community to understand trichome gene function in the Brassicas and highlights the potential of B. villosa as a trichome research platform.

a Geodatabase for Multisource Data Applied to Cultural Heritage: the Case Study of Villa Revedin Bolasco

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guarnieri, A.; Masiero, A.; Piragnolo, M.; Pirotti, F.; Vettore, A.

2016-06-01

In this paper we present the results of the development of a Web-based archiving and documenting system aimed to the management of multisource and multitemporal data related to cultural heritage. As case study we selected the building complex of Villa Revedin Bolasco in Castefranco Veneto (Treviso, Italy) and its park. Buildings and park were built in XIX century after several restorations of the original XIV century area. The data management system relies on a geodatabase framework, in which different kinds of datasets were stored. More specifically, the geodatabase elements consist of historical information, documents, descriptions of artistic characteristics of the building and the park, in the form of text and images. In addition, we used also floorplans, sections and views of the outer facades of the building extracted by a TLS-based 3D model of the whole Villa. In order to manage and explore these rich dataset, we developed a geodatabase using PostgreSQL and PostGIS as spatial plugin. The Web-GIS platform, based on HTML5 and PHP programming languages, implements the NASA Web World Wind virtual globe, a 3D virtual globe we used to enable the navigation and interactive exploration of the park. Furthermore, through a specific timeline function, the user can explore the historical evolution of the building complex.

[BIRTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUMS OF MODENA BETWEEN XVIII AND XIX CENTURY. THE OBSTETRIC MUSEUM, THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, THE ETHNOGRAPHIC ANTHROPOLOGIC MUSEUM].

PubMed

Corradini, Elena

2015-01-01

The interest for the study of Anatomy in Modena was particularly developed since the second half of eighteenth century, when the Duke Francesco III of Este promoted the reformation of the University and Antonio Scarpa was called from Padua to teach Anatomy. Scarpa promoted the building of the Anatomical Theatre, near the Grande Spedale, that was inaugurated in 1776. On the same year, the School of Obstetrics opened and determined the constitution of a first Cabinet or Obstetric Museum in a room next to the Theatre. After the Restoration, between 1817 and 1818, the Archduke Francesco IV of Austria Este promoted the realization of an Anatomical Museum: a big organized room in a new floor built on the Theatre. Two more rooms were added in, 1839 and a fourth one in 1853, under the direction of Paolo Gaddi. Furthermore Gaddi's interest for ethnographic studies determined the opening of the Ethnographic Anthropological Museum in 1866.

Parasites of South African wildlife. XIX. The prevalence of helminths in some common antelopes, warthogs and a bushpig in the Limpopo province, South Africa.

PubMed

Van Wyk, Ilana C; Boomker, Joop

2011-11-10

Little work has been conducted on the helminth parasites of artiodactylids in the northern and western parts of the Limpopo province, which is considerably drier than the rest of the province. The aim of this study was to determine the kinds and numbers of helminth that occur in different wildlife hosts in the area as well as whether any zoonotic helminths were present. Ten impalas (Aepyceros melampus), eight kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), four blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), two black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), three gemsbok (Oryx gazella), one nyala (Tragelaphus angasii), one bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), one waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), six warthogs (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and a single bushpig (Potamochoerus porcus) were sampled from various localities in the semi-arid northern and western areas of the Limpopo province. New host-parasite associations included Trichostrongylus deflexus from blue wildebeest, Agriostomum gorgonis from black wildebeest, Stilesia globipunctata from the waterbuck and Fasciola hepatica in a kudu. The mean helminth burden, including extra-gastrointestinal helminths, was 592 in impalas, 407 in kudus and blue wildebeest, 588 in black wildebeest, 184 in gemsbok, and 2150 in the waterbuck. Excluding Probstmayria vivipara, the mean helminth burden in warthogs was 2228 and the total nematode burden in the bushpig was 80. The total burdens and species richness of the helminths in this study were consistently low when compared with similar studies on the same species in areas with higher rainfall. This has practical implications when animals are translocated to areas with higher rainfall and higher prevalence of helminths.

[On the evolution of scientific thought].

PubMed

de Micheli, Alfredo; Iturralde Torres, Pedro

2015-01-01

The Nominalists of the XIV century, precursors of modern science, thought that science's object was not the general, vague and indeterminate but the particular, which is real and can be known directly. About the middle of the XVII Century the bases of the modern science became established thanks to a revolution fomented essentially by Galileo, Bacon and Descartes. During the XVIII Century, parallel to the development of the great current of English Empiricism, a movement of scientific renewal also arose in continental Europe following the discipline of the Dutch Physicians and of Boerhaave. In the XIX Century, Claude Bernard dominated the scientific medicine but his rigorous determinism impeded him from taking into account the immense and unforeseeable field of the random. Nowadays, we approach natural science and medicine, from particular groups of facts; that is, from the responses of Nature to specific questions, but not from the general laws. Furthermore, in recent epistemology, the concept that experimental data are not pure facts, but rather, facts interpreted within a hermeneutical context has been established. Finally a general tendency to retrieve philosophical questions concerning the understanding of essence and existence can frequently be seen in scientific inquiry. In the light of the evolution of medical thought, it is possible to establish the position of scientific medicine within the movement of ideas dominating in our time. Copyright © 2014 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Carbon Sequestration and Fertility after Centennial Time Scale Incorporation of Charcoal into Soil

PubMed Central

Criscuoli, Irene; Alberti, Giorgio; Baronti, Silvia; Favilli, Filippo; Martinez, Cristina; Calzolari, Costanza; Pusceddu, Emanuela; Rumpel, Cornelia; Viola, Roberto; Miglietta, Franco

2014-01-01

The addition of pyrogenic carbon (C) in the soil is considered a potential strategy to achieve direct C sequestration and potential reduction of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we investigated the long term effects of charcoal addition on C sequestration and soil physico-chemical properties by studying a series of abandoned charcoal hearths in the Eastern Alps of Italy established in the XIX century. This natural setting can be seen as an analogue of a deliberate experiment with replications. Carbon sequestration was assessed indirectly by comparing the amount of pyrogenic C present in the hearths (23.3±4.7 kg C m−2) with the estimated amount of charcoal that was left on the soil after the carbonization (29.3±5.1 kg C m−2). After taking into account uncertainty associated with parameters’ estimation, we were able to conclude that 80±21% of the C originally added to the soil via charcoal can still be found there and that charcoal has an overall Mean Residence Time of 650±139 years, thus supporting the view that charcoal incorporation is an effective way to sequester atmospheric CO2. We also observed an overall change in the physical properties (hydrophobicity and bulk density) of charcoal hearth soils and an accumulation of nutrients compared to the adjacent soil without charcoal. We caution, however, that our site-specific results should not be generalized without further study. PMID:24614647

[Alexandre Vallaury and two of the buildings he constructed].

PubMed

Ceylan, O

1995-01-01

A. Vallaury appears in the Ottoman society as an architect and an educator with his remarkable personality in the late XIX. century. In this essay two buildings designed by Vallaury, "Mekteb-i Tibbiye-i Sâhâne" and "Büyükada Greek Orphanage" are described. This study consists of three parts, Vallaury's life story, his works and contribution to the Ottoman architecture. Vallaury was born in Istanbul on April 2, 1850. His parents were of Levantin and French origin. He went to Paris for higher education and attended the School of Fine Arts. On returning to Istanbul, he worked as a teacher of architecture at the "Sanayi-i Nefise Mekteb-i Alisi", (today's Mimar Sinan University) from March 2, 1883 to August 10, 1908. He was rewarded with Legion d'Honneur in 1896. He died in Istanbul on May 2, 1921. Vallaury's works may be classified as, commercial, cultural, educational, residential and religious buildings. Some of his works may be exemplified as such: Afif Pasha Yalisi (Seaside Residence) at Istinye, Mecid Efendi Kiosk at Bağlarbasşi, Ottoman Bank at Galata and Eminönü, Dümayûn-i (Royal Museum of Archeology) at Sultanahmet, School of Medicine at Haydarpasha, and Greek Orphanage at Büyükada. A. Vallaury fused Ottoman culture and Western forms together in his works. He also designed buildings of free articulation, new measurement and novel proportions. He was a respected Ottoman intellectual, as well.

The evolution of active Lavina di Roncovetro landslides by multi-temporal high-resolution topographic data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isola, Ilaria; Fornaciai, Alessandro; Favalli, Massimiliano; Gigli, Giovanni; Nannipieri, Luca; Mucchi, Lorenzo; Intrieri, Emanuele; Pizziolo, Marco; Bertolini, Giovanni; Trippi, Federico; Casagli, Nicola; Schina, Rosa; Carnevale, Ennio

2017-04-01

High-resolution topographic data has been collected over the Lavina di Roncovetro active landslide (Reggio Emilia, Italy) for about 3 years by using various methods and technologies. Tha Lavina di Roncovetro landslide can be considered as a fluid-viscous mudflow, which can reach a down flow maximum rate of 10 m/day. The landslide started between the middle and the end of the XIX century and since then it has had a rapid evolution mainly characterized by the rapid retrogression of the crown to the extent that now reaches the top of Mount Staffola. In the frame of EU Wireless Sensor Network for Ground Instability Monitoring - Wi-GIM project (LIFE12ENV/IT/001033) the Lavina di Roncovetro landslide has been periodically tracked using technologies that span from the LiDAR, both terrestrial and aerial, to the Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry method based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and aerial survey. These data are used to create six high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DEMs), which imaged the landslide surface on March 2014, October 2014, June 2015, July 2015, January 2016 and December 2016. Multi-temporal high-resolution topographic data have been used for qualitative and quantitative morphometric analysis and topographic change detection of the landslide with the aim to estimate and map the volume of removed and/or accumulated material, the average rates of vertical and horizontal displacement and the deformation structures affecting the landslide over the investigated period.

Epidemiology of Geriatric Trauma in an Urban Kazakhstani Setting

PubMed Central

TLEMISSOV, Aidos S; DAULETYAROVA, Marzhan A; BULEGENOV, Tolkyn A; RAKHYPBEKOV, Tolebay K; GRJIBOVSKI, Andrej M

2016-01-01

Background: External causes of death are still among the main causes of death in the countries of the former Soviet Union. We studied epidemiology of injuries among elderly in a typical Kazakhstani city. Methods: Data on all injuries among individuals aged 60 yr or older in the city of Semey (former Semipalatinsk) from 2010 to 2012 was collected from medical files. We present absolute numbers and incidence rates for the main ICD-codes in Chapters XIX and XX of ICD-10 by gender, ethnic background and place where the injury occurred. Results: Altogether, there were 6065 injuries in 2010–2012. The overall incidence of increased from 4746.6 per 100000 in 2010 to 5577.7 per 100000 in 2012. Injuries to the elbow and forearm, injuries to the shoulder and upper arm, and injuries to the knee and lower leg were the most common and comprised 17.3%, 15.5% and 14.6% of all injuries, respectively. Falls constituted 82.2% of all injuries. Most injuries occurred at home and among ethnic Russians. Conclusion: The incidence and the absolute number of injuries among elderly in Semey increased during the study period in both men and women. Given that the population of Kazakhstan is getting older, injuries are expected to require more attention from the public health professionals and health authorities. More than four-fifths of traumas resulted from falls making this cause of injury the first target for preventive measures. PMID:28032058

[From the seduction theory to the oedipus complex].

PubMed

Alvarez Lince, Bernardo

2005-01-01

The author reviews the Freudian theory of seduction as it was presented in the last decade of the XIX century. Freud began to talk about the effects of the seduction in the clinical history of Katherine, (Studies on Hysteria, 1893 - 1895). In 1896 in Heredity and the Aetiology of the Neuroses, Freud considered the seduction as the specific cause of the psychoneurosis, and latter in The Aetiology of Hysteria, he separated himself from Breuer and Charcot. In Further Remarks on The Neuro - Psychoses of Defense, Freud relates seduction with repression. The author thinks that his father death makes him doubt this theory. These oscillations went hand in hand with his auto-analysis, as it is related in the letters of October 3 and 15, 1897. In these letters the love to the mother and the jealousy to the father are introduced as key features. Nevertheless, the theory of seduction comes back recurrently in the works of Freud, and as late as 1906, in My Views on the Part Played by Sexuality in the Aetiology of the Neurose, he seems to down play the importance as a aetiology feature, considering that the hysterical patient falsified his memories and replaced them with fantasies. Towards the end of his life, in An Outline of Psycho - Analysis, Freud stated that the cares of the mother makes her in the first seducer of the child. According to Etchegoyen (2003), Freud never abandoned the theory of seduction.

Raman spectroscopic signatures of the yellow and ochre paints from artist palette of J. Matejko (1838-1893)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Żmuda-Trzebiatowska, Iwona; Wachowiak, Mirosław; Klisińska-Kopacz, Anna; Trykowski, Grzegorz; Śliwiński, Gerard

2015-02-01

The Raman and complementary spectroscopic analyses were performed using the exceptional possibility of research on the XIX c. original paint materials of the artist palette of J. Matejko stored in the National Museum in Cracow. The yellow and ochre-based paints characteristic for Matejko's workshop and selected from the ensemble of 273 labelled tubes (brand of R. Ainé/Paris) supplied during the period of 1880-1893 were investigated. Highly specific Raman spectra were obtained for paints containing mixtures of the Zn- and Sn-modified Pb-Sb pigment, and also for the ochre-based ones. A clear pigment discrimination of the mixture of cadmium yellow (CdS), cinnabar (HgS) and lead white (2PbCO3ṡPb(OH)2) was possible by means of Raman data collected under different excitations at 514 nm and 785 nm. It was shown that the Raman spectra complemented by the XRF, SEM-EDX and in some cases also by the LIPS and FTIR data ensure reliable pigment identification in multi-component paints containing secondary species and impurities. The reported spectral signatures will be used for non-destructive investigation of the collection of about 300 oil paintings of J. Matejko. In view of the comparative research on polish painting which point out that richness of modified Naples yellows clearly distinguish Matejko's artworks from other ones painted in the period of 1850-1883, the Raman data of these paints can provide support in the authentication studies.

Integrated archaeological prospection of the 1th mile of ancient Appian way (Roma, Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manacorda, D.; Picciola, S.; Piro, S.

2003-04-01

The Project is based on the integration of archaeological methods with indirect geophysical investigations, to study the urban area, inside the “Mura Aureliane” in correspondence of the first mile of the ancient Appia way (Roma, Italy). This programme is characterised by: (a) Topographic studies through the evaluation of the connections between the ancient urban “regiones” I and XII, the ancient and medieval road network, the typology of public and private monuments of ancient age, the organisation of ancient necropolis, the study of the religious buildings of the ancient and medieval age and the evaluation of the environment; (b) Epigraphic studies to make card indexing of the known epigraphic context, the reconstruction of the epigraphic context missing during the excavations made between the XV and XIX centuries; (c) The study of documentation analysis of the documentation related to the building’s properties of the selected area for the period between XVI and XX centuries, to reconstruct the medieval and modern urban landscape; (d) Non-destructive geophysical investigations to locate the hypothised archaeological structures. In this work the results of a high-resolution GPR survey carried out, during October 2001 May 2002, to detect archaeological remains are presented. A high-resolution data acquisition method has been adopted with the aim to reconstruct a global vision of investigated area. Taking into account the known archaeological information, the geophysical results are discussed and preliminarily interpreted.

[Cardiology writings in New Spain and in the first century of the Independent period].

PubMed

de Micheli, Alfredo

2015-01-01

The first writings on cardioangiology found in public and private libraries of New Spain from the xvi century to the first century of the Independent period in Mexico are mentioned. These go from the truly incunabular ones, books printed until the year 1500, to the physiology treatises published by European authors in the xvii and xviii centuries, as well as the cardiology texts from French authors of the first half of the xix century. The writings were depicted in the catalogs of the University library, founded in 1762, as well as in the library of a master builder of the Metropolitan Cathedral of the xvii century and that of a physician of the xviii century, Dr. José Ignacio Bartolache. The latter, in turn, edited for a brief period, from October 1772 to February 1773, a scientific-medical journal, «Mercurio Volante», which was the first scientific-hebdomadary publication in the Americas. Likewise, in the libraries of New Spain, several European scientific journals could be found, such as the one edited by the abbot Rozier, in which the initial writings of Lavoisier appeared. The exchange of ideas and knowledge, pointed out herein, attests to the always enthused interest of given individuals from New Spain on the boundless and passionate domains of cardioangiology. Copyright © 2013 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

[Mineral springs on the north-east of Caucasus and its role in the treatment of soldiers of the Russian army in XIX--beginning XX c].

PubMed

Akhmadov, T Z; Poddubnyĭ, M V

2013-07-01

The article is concerned to the history of formation of sanitary-treatment stations on the North Caucasus, in Chechnya (Goryachevodsky and Mikhailovsky mineral springs) till 1917 year. The basis of the article are archive documents, scientific papers of contemporaries and official documents. Goryachevodsky and Mikhailovsky mineral springs were more than 70 years the one the best recreative base of the Caucasian standing army including the caucasian cossack troop. The sanitary-treatment stations were of great importance during the active military actions with Hill people within the territory of Chechnya and Dagestan, during the Crimean War (1853-1856), The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the First World War (1914-1918), when the amount of the wounded and ill soldiers increased.

[THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN MEDICINE OF THE LAST QUARTER OF XIX-FIRST HALF OF XX CENTURIES. REPORT II. THE OUTSET OF REVISION OF MEDICAL SCIENCE].

PubMed

Stochik, A M; Zatravkin, S N

2015-01-01

The article affirms that onset of revision of picture of analyzed reality, methodological approaches to studying of vital activity of human organism and philosophical basics of medical science refers to 1878 and is related to publishing of "The course of general physiology" by French physiologist Claude Bernard. The implemented analysis of the text of this work permit to establish that C. Bernard undertook an attempt to introduce conception of human organism as a processing system being self-reproduced as. a result of interaction with environment due to mechanisms of self-regulation. The necessity was substantiated to make experiment the leading method of cognition of vital activity. The living wholeness (organism, cell) was proposed to be an object of experimentation. In this living wholeness its natural capacities to self-regulation of main vital processes can be preserved at its maximum. The new senses were introduced into ontological categories of thing, process, causality, portion and whole.

Book Review: Philosophy and geometry: theoretical and historical issues. Lorenzo Magnani, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001, pp. xix + 249, US 88. ISBN 0-792-36933-5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torretti, Roberto

The best philosophers have been fascinated with geometry ever since the inception of both traditions in 5th century Greece. They have perceived the apparent certainty of geometrical propositions as an intimation that an equally secure knowledge can be had on a subject of the greatest practical concern, viz., the principles of morals. They also have sought to find-as is their wont-reasons for that certainty. This search has given rise to the theoretical and historical issues magisterially reviewed in this book by Lorenzo Magnani. He focuses his attention especially on Kant (Chapters 2 and 3), Poincaré (Chapter 5) and Husserl (Chapter 7.2), and on their original and importantly different ways of explaining the true nature and source of geometrical truth. Despite their diversity, all three can be said to share a trait that is rarely emphasized and which Magnani brings out in full force in his study of Kant. Chapter 2 is called "Geometry: the Model of Knowledge", and his detailed and very able presentation of Kant's philosophy of geometry in this chapter and the next stresses the paradigmatic role of geometrical knowledge in Kant's conception of science. This role is even clearer in the case of Poincaré, whose conventionalism was rooted in his view of geometry but was eventually extended to all the foundations of physics. An enterprising scholar might even try to make a similar point with regard to Husserl, whose views on the establishment of objectivity and science appear to fit geometry better than any other branch of knowledge.

Sexual Dimorphism Floral MicroRNA Profiling and Target Gene Expression in Andromonoecious Poplar (Populus tomentosa)

PubMed Central

Song, Yuepeng; Ma, Kaifeng; Ci, Dong; Zhang, Zhiyi; Zhang, Deqiang

2013-01-01

Although the molecular basis of poplar sex-specific flower development remains largely unknown, increasing evidence indicates an essential role for microRNAs (miRNAs). The specific miRNA types and precise miRNA expression patterns in dioecious plant flower development remain unclear. Here, we used andromonoecious poplar, an exceptional model system, to eliminate the confounding effects of genetic background of dioecious plants. This system, combined with high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis, allowed us to characterize sex-specific miRNAomes from female and male flowers. Comparative miRNAome analysis combined with quantitative real-time PCR revealed the expression patterns of 27 miRNAs in poplar flower and showed that the targets of these miRNAs are involved in flower organogenesis, Ca2+ transport, phytohormone synthesis and metabolism, and DNA methylation. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in sex-specific flower development in a dioecious plant. The conserved and novel miRNA locations were annotated in the Populus trichocarpa genome. Among these, miRNA Pto-F70 and 4 targets are located in the sex-determination regions of chromosome XIX. Furthermore, two novel miRNAs, Pto-F47 and Pto-F68, were shown for the first time to be regulatory factors in phytohormone interactions. To our knowledge, this report is the first systematic investigation of sex-specific flower-related miRNAs and their targets in poplar, and it deepens our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in female and male flower development in this dioecious plant. PMID:23667507

Mouse Myosin-19 Is a Plus-end-directed, High-duty Ratio Molecular Motor*

PubMed Central

Lu, Zekuan; Ma, Xiao-Nan; Zhang, Hai-Man; Ji, Huan-Hong; Ding, Hao; Zhang, Jie; Luo, Dan; Sun, Yujie; Li, Xiang-dong

2014-01-01

Class XIX myosin (Myo19) is a vertebrate-specific unconventional myosin, responsible for the transport of mitochondria. To characterize biochemical properties of Myo19, we prepared recombinant mouse Myo19-truncated constructs containing the motor domain and the IQ motifs using the baculovirus/Sf9 expression system. We identified regulatory light chain (RLC) of smooth muscle/non-muscle myosin-2 as the light chain of Myo19. The actin-activated ATPase activity and the actin-gliding velocity of Myo19-truncated constructs were about one-third and one-sixth as those of myosin-5a, respectively. The apparent affinity of Myo19 to actin was about the same as that of myosin-5a. The RLCs bound to Myo19 could be phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase, but this phosphorylation had little effect on the actin-activated ATPase activity and the actin-gliding activity of Myo19-truncated constructs. Using dual fluorescence-labeled actin filaments, we determined that Myo19 is a plus-end-directed molecular motor. We found that, similar to that of the high-duty ratio myosin, such as myosin-5a, ADP release rate was comparable with the maximal actin-activated ATPase activity of Myo19, indicating that ADP release is a rate-limiting step for the ATPase cycle of acto-Myo19. ADP strongly inhibited the actin-activated ATPase activity and actin-gliding activity of Myo19-truncated constructs. Based on the above results, we concluded that Myo19 is a high-duty ratio molecular motor moving to the plus-end of the actin filament. PMID:24825904

Molecular phylogeny of Oncaeidae (Copepoda) using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA)

PubMed Central

Di Capua, Iole; Maffucci, Fulvio; Pannone, Raimondo; Mazzocchi, Maria Grazia

2017-01-01

Copepods belonging to the Oncaeidae family are commonly and abundantly found in marine zooplankton. In the Mediterranean Sea, forty-seven oncaeid species occur, of which eleven in the Gulf of Naples. In this Gulf, several Oncaea species were morphologically analysed and described at the end of the XIX century by W. Giesbrecht. In the same area, oncaeids are being investigated over seasonal and inter-annual scales at the long-term coastal station LTER-MC. In the present work, we identified six oncaeid species using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). Phylogenetic analyses based on these two genomic regions validated the sisterhood of the genera Triconia and the Oncaea sensu stricto. ITS1 and ITS2 phylogenies produced incongruent results about the position of Oncaea curta, calling for further investigations on this species. We also characterised the ITS2 region by secondary structure predictions and found that all the sequences analysed presented the distinct eukaryotic hallmarks. A Compensatory Base Change search corroborated the close relationship between O. venusta and O. curta and between O. media and O. venusta already identified by ITS phylogenies. The present results, which stem from the integration of molecular and morphological taxonomy, represent an encouraging step towards an improved knowledge of copepod biodiversity: The two complementary approaches, when applied to long-term copepod monitoring, will also help to better understanding their genetic variations and ecological niches of co-occurring species. PMID:28441395

THE FURTHER SEPARATION OF TYPES AMONG THE PNEUMOCOCCI HITHERTO INCLUDED IN GROUP IV AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC ANTISERA FOR THESE TYPES

PubMed Central

Cooper, Georgia; Rosenstein, Carolyn; Walter, Annabel; Peizer, Lenore

1932-01-01

The unclassified strains known as Group IV have been separated into twenty-nine types which are designated by the Roman numerals IV and XXXII. Only a small percentage of the pneumococcus strains isolated in New York City for this study were left unclassified. The majority of the types gave very slight cross-reactions, the exceptions being Types II and V, III and VIII, VII and XVIII and XV and XXX. In the series of cases studied, Types IV, V, VII and VIII were found more prevalent in the lobar pneumonia of adults and Types V, VI a and XIV in children. The majority of the types were also found in normal individuals and in persons having respiratory infections other than pneumonia. Types VI a and XIX were most prevalent in the limited number of strains studied by us. Fourteen of the types were found in pneumococcus meningitis; Type XVIII was found most often. Antisera suitable for clinical trial have been prepared for fourteen types. From the majority of the horses inoculated for more than a year, antisera having 500 to 1000 units per cc. were obtained. Antisera of lower potency were concentrated and preparations obtained equal to or stronger than high grade unconcentrated serum. Potent bivalent antisera have been prepared for types which were found to give marked cross-agglutination reactions. The results with each type as to prevalence, severity of cases, presence in normal individuals, and in spinal meningitis, potency of antisera produced for therapeutic trial and virulence of strains for mice have been considered under the different type headings. PMID:19870011

A Kinematic Study of the Andromeda Dwarf Spheroidal System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collins, Michelle L. M.; Chapman, Scott C.; Rich, R. Michael; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Irwin, Michael J.; Bate, Nicholas F.; Lewis, Geraint F.; Peñarrubia, Jorge; Arimoto, Nobuo; Casey, Caitlin M.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Koch, Andreas; McConnachie, Alan W.; Tanvir, Nial

2013-05-01

We present a homogeneous kinematic analysis of red giant branch stars within 18 of the 28 Andromeda dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies, obtained using the Keck I/LRIS and Keck II/DEIMOS spectrographs. Based on their g - i colors (taken with the CFHT/MegaCam imager), physical positions on the sky, and radial velocities, we assign probabilities of dSph membership to each observed star. Using this information, the velocity dispersions, central masses, and central densities of the dark matter halos are calculated for these objects, and compared with the properties of the Milky Way dSph population. We also measure the average metallicity ([Fe/H]) from the co-added spectra of member stars for each M31 dSph and find that they are consistent with the trend of decreasing [Fe/H] with luminosity observed in the Milky Way population. We find that three of our studied M31 dSphs appear as significant outliers in terms of their central velocity dispersion, And XIX, XXI, and XXV, all of which have large half-light radii (gsim 700 pc) and low velocity dispersions (σ v < 5 km s-1). In addition, And XXV has a mass-to-light ratio within its half-light radius of just [M/L]_half=10.3^{+7.0}_{-6.7}, making it consistent with a simple stellar system with no appreciable dark matter component within its 1σ uncertainties. We suggest that the structure of the dark matter halos of these outliers have been significantly altered by tides.

A KINEMATIC STUDY OF THE ANDROMEDA DWARF SPHEROIDAL SYSTEM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collins, Michelle L. M.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Chapman, Scott C.

We present a homogeneous kinematic analysis of red giant branch stars within 18 of the 28 Andromeda dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies, obtained using the Keck I/LRIS and Keck II/DEIMOS spectrographs. Based on their g - i colors (taken with the CFHT/MegaCam imager), physical positions on the sky, and radial velocities, we assign probabilities of dSph membership to each observed star. Using this information, the velocity dispersions, central masses, and central densities of the dark matter halos are calculated for these objects, and compared with the properties of the Milky Way dSph population. We also measure the average metallicity ([Fe/H]) frommore » the co-added spectra of member stars for each M31 dSph and find that they are consistent with the trend of decreasing [Fe/H] with luminosity observed in the Milky Way population. We find that three of our studied M31 dSphs appear as significant outliers in terms of their central velocity dispersion, And XIX, XXI, and XXV, all of which have large half-light radii ({approx}> 700 pc) and low velocity dispersions ({sigma}{sub v} < 5 km s{sup -1}). In addition, And XXV has a mass-to-light ratio within its half-light radius of just [M/L]{sub half}=10.3{sup +7.0}{sub -6.7}, making it consistent with a simple stellar system with no appreciable dark matter component within its 1{sigma} uncertainties. We suggest that the structure of the dark matter halos of these outliers have been significantly altered by tides.« less

The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XIX. B-type supergiants: Atmospheric parameters and nitrogen abundances to investigate the role of binarity and the width of the main sequence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McEvoy, C. M.; Dufton, P. L.; Evans, C. J.; Kalari, V. M.; Markova, N.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Vink, J. S.; Walborn, N. R.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; de Mink, S. E.; Dunstall, P. R.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.

2015-03-01

Context. Model atmosphere analyses have been previously undertaken for both Galactic and extragalactic B-type supergiants. By contrast, little attention has been given to a comparison of the properties of single supergiants and those that are members of multiple systems. Aims: Atmospheric parameters and nitrogen abundances have been estimated for all the B-type supergiants identified in the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula survey. These include both single targets and binary candidates. The results have been analysed to investigate the role of binarity in the evolutionary history of supergiants. Methods: tlusty non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model atmosphere calculations have been used to determine atmospheric parameters and nitrogen abundances for 34 single and 18 binary supergiants. Effective temperatures were deduced using the silicon balance technique, complemented by the helium ionisation in the hotter spectra. Surface gravities were estimated using Balmer line profiles and microturbulent velocities deduced using the silicon spectrum. Nitrogen abundances or upper limits were estimated from the N ii spectrum. The effects of a flux contribution from an unseen secondary were considered for the binary sample. Results: We present the first systematic study of the incidence of binarity for a sample of B-type supergiants across the theoretical terminal age main sequence (TAMS). To account for the distribution of effective temperatures of the B-type supergiants it may be necessary to extend the TAMS to lower temperatures. This is also consistent with the derived distribution of mass discrepancies, projected rotational velocities and nitrogen abundances, provided that stars cooler than this temperature are post-red supergiant objects. For all the supergiants in the Tarantula and in a previous FLAMES survey, the majority have small projected rotational velocities. The distribution peaks at about 50 km s-1 with 65% in the range 30 km s-1 ≤ vesini ≤ 60 km s-1. About ten per cent have larger vesini (≥100 km s-1), but surprisingly these show little or no nitrogen enhancement. All the cooler supergiants have low projected rotational velocities of ≤70 km s-1and high nitrogen abundance estimates, implying that either bi-stability braking or evolution on a blue loop may be important. Additionally, there is a lack of cooler binaries, possibly reflecting the small sample sizes. Single-star evolutionary models, which include rotation, can account for all of the nitrogen enhancement in both the single and binary samples. The detailed distribution of nitrogen abundances in the single and binary samples may be different, possibly reflecting differences in their evolutionary history. Conclusions: The first comparative study of single and binary B-type supergiants has revealed that the main sequence may be significantly wider than previously assumed, extending to Teff = 20 000 K. Some marginal differences in single and binary atmospheric parameters and abundances have been identified, possibly implying non-standard evolution for some of the sample. This sample as a whole has implications for several aspects of our understanding of the evolutionary status of blue supergiants. Tables 1, 4, 7 are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

The metal alloys from the XIX century and weathering action in the Mercado do Ver-o-Peso building, northern Brazil: Identification with the usage of laboratory analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Palácios, Flávia Olegário, E-mail: flavia.op@gmail.com; Angélica, Rômulo Simões; Sanjad, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha

The fabrication of metallic buildings started in Europe after the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. Metallic constructions became very popular, and started being imported by several countries, due to the facility of constructing or assembling. Belém, a northern Brazilian city, holds a great number of buildings entirely made of iron, including the Ver-o-Peso, a fish market which structures were imported from England by the end of the 19th century. This building represents a unique type of architecture and it's an important part of the city's heritage. However, research so far did not focus on its construction materials. Ver-o-Peso building'smore » metal alloys haven't been thoroughly studied concerning physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations. This paper aims to identify the types of metal alloys used in the building, and also corrosion products' result from weathering actions. The methods used to characterize the materials were scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Through this research it was possible to identify four types of iron alloys used in the different parts of the building, characterize the paint coats, and determine types of corrosion. The characterization of the materials in the building allows enrolling basis for restoration processes, documenting the types of metal alloy used in architectural heritage from the 19th century, as well as understanding the advances of corrosion. - Highlights: • Ver-o-peso is a heritage building from the 19th century with unidentified alloys. • Alloy and weathering product characterization was done using SEM/EDS and XRD. • Four metal alloy types were described, indicating different types of foundries. • Weathering products showed distinct mineral phases and physical characteristics. • Original paint coats were found among corrosion products.« less

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Atomic Data from the Iron Project LXVI. Fe18+ (Butler+,

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, K.; Badnell, N. R.

2008-07-01

Accurate electron collisional data are required for the analysis of the Fe XIX astrophysical spectrum, in particular in the Sun. Such an analysis can provide information on the physical characteristics of the coronal plasma. An extensive target is used in an R-matrix scattering calculation to provide the necessary data for Fe18+. The use of the R-matrix method includes the resonance contribution lacking in the distorted wave approach and the large target improves the accuracy of the close-coupling approximation. The R-Matrix package described by Berrington et al. (1995) as provided by the UK RmaX project has been used to calculate electron collisional data among 342 levels of Fe18+. We have used the intermediate-coupling frame-transformation (ICFT) method (Griffin et al., 1998) to transform data obtained in a 166 term LS-coupling calculation. Contributions from the mass and Darwin interactions have also been included in the Hamiltonian. Collision strengths for all transitions between the 342 levels of Fe18+ are presented. They are tabulated over a wide range of electron temperatures of astrophysical interest. The results are compared with the earlier Iron Project work of Butler & Zeippen (2001, Cat. ) and also with that of McLaughlin et al. (2001MNRAS.328..442M) and Landi & Gu (2006ApJ...640.1171L). The agreement is reasonable for the low-lying transitions. Larger differences are found for the more highly excited states. The file structure is described in detail in http://www.adas.ac.uk/man/appxa-04.pdf A sample program to extract a single upsilon is provided. (3 data files).

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome mutations in type III collagen differently stall the triple helical folding.

PubMed

Mizuno, Kazunori; Boudko, Sergei; Engel, Jürgen; Bächinger, Hans Peter

2013-06-28

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is the most severe form of EDS. In many cases the disease is caused by a point mutation of Gly in type III collagen. A slower folding of the collagen helix is a potential cause for over-modifications. However, little is known about the rate of folding of type III collagen in patients with EDS. To understand the molecular mechanism of the effect of mutations, a system was developed for bacterial production of homotrimeric model polypeptides. The C-terminal quarter, 252 residues, of the natural human type III collagen was attached to (GPP)7 with the type XIX collagen trimerization domain (NC2). The natural collagen domain forms a triple helical structure without 4-hydroxylation of proline at a low temperature. At 33 °C, the natural collagenous part is denatured, but the C-terminal (GPP)7-NC2 remains intact. Switching to a low temperature triggers the folding of the type III collagen domain in a zipper-like fashion that resembles the natural process. We used this system for the two known EDS mutations (Gly-to-Val) in the middle at Gly-910 and at the C terminus at Gly-1018. In addition, wild-type and Gly-to-Ala mutants were made. The mutations significantly slow down the overall rate of triple helix formation. The effect of the Gly-to-Val mutation is much more severe compared with Gly-to-Ala. This is the first report on the folding of collagen with EDS mutations, which demonstrates local delays in the triple helix propagation around the mutated residue.

Spectroscopic Determination of the Physical Conditions in Hot Optically Thin Sources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brickhouse, Nancy S.; Oliversen, Ronald J. (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

The Astrophysics Plasma Emission Code and Database (APEC/APED), developed in part under this grant, have been upgraded to ATOMDB Version 1.3.1: and are now beginning to find widespread applications t o X-ray spectral data from Chandra and XMM-Newton (37 citations in published work, according to the ADS, plus numerous other conference and prepublication papers).ATOMDB is now linked through the Plasma Gate website: http://plasma-gate.weizmann.ac.il/DBfAPP.html. The major difference from Version 1.3.0 is that the new models naw ex- tend t o 50 keV rather than stopping at 10 keV. This means that ATOMDB can be used with redshifted observations. There are minor differences in emissivities due t o radiative recombination and cascades. Stellar coronae are being used to benchmark the atomic data in APED as part of the Emission Line Project. The models appear to be in good agreement with the observations for most of the strong lines; however, we have identified significant discrepancies in the 3s/3d line ratios not only for Fe XVII, but also for Fe XVIII and XIX. The Fe XVII problem has been known from solar observations, and is currently being tested under EBIT laboratory conditions by two groups. The Fe XVIII problem is substantially worse, but perhaps will shed light on the relevant underlying theoretical issues. Ming-Feng Gu has recently published new calculations, which we are comparing with APEC and with the obser- vations. His calculations appear to improve the emissivities of lines affected by cascades, but other problems remain.

Chromospheric evaporation and decimetric radio emission in solar flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aschwanden, Markus J.; Benz, Arnold O.

1995-01-01

We have discovered decimetric signatures of the chromospheric evaporation process. Evidence for the radio detection of chromospheric evaporation is based on the radio-inferred values of (1) the electron density, (2) the propagation speed, and (3) the timing, which are found to be in good agreement with statistical values inferred from the blueshifted Ca XIX soft X-ray line. The physical basis of our model is that free-free absorption of plasma emission is strongly modified by the steep density gradient and the large temperature increase in the upflowing flare plasma. The steplike density increase at the chromospheric evaporation front causes a local discontinuity in the plasma frequency, manifested as almost infinite drift rate in decimetric type III bursts. The large temperature increase of the upflowing plasma considerably reduces the local free-free opacity (due to the T(exp -3/2) dependence) and thus enhances the brightness of radio bursts emitted at the local plasma frequency near the chromospheric evaporation front, while a high-frequency cutoff is expected in the high-density regions behind the front, which can be used to infer the velocity of the upflowing plasma. From model calculations we find strong evidence that decimetric bursts with a slowly drifting high-frequency cutoff are produced by fundamental plasma emission, contrary to the widespread belief that decimetric bursts are preferentially emitted at the harmonic plasma level. We analyze 21 flare episodes from 1991-1993 for which broadband (100-3000 MHz) radio dynamic spectra from Pheonix, hard X-ray data from (BATSE/CGRO) and soft X-ray data from Burst and Transient Source Experiment/Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GOES) were available.

Chelyabinsk and other February superfireballs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zamora, S.; Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Ocana, F.

2017-03-01

Superfireballs are rare and a fascinating natural phenomenon. The number of them is limited, their reports have been scarce and estimating their statistics is difficult. With the increased publication of newspapers during the mid XIX century, the registration of meteorrelated news grew dramatically. In addition, the digitalization of these sources opens up huge possibilities on the meteor research. The research is based on the reports which appeared in the newspapers dating back from more than 150 years ago and other databases such as the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and NASA-Fireball and Bolide Reports. At the end of the compilation process there are a total of 2393 registries of fireballs. We have made a descriptive statistical analysis on the data, based on the mean and dispersion of the sample and on meteor shower properties. For the moment, we have found a number of abnormally concentrated events that can not be explained by a Poisson distribution. We have analyzed statistically two significant overabundance peaks that we found in February. They are very interesting because during this period we found no evidence of fireball. These intervals are centered around February 12 and 22 (323° and 333° solar longitude) and it is probable that the first are connected with the Chelyabinsk event date. In addition, the last detections of NASA Bolide Reports support that these superbolide streams are real. We start to pinpoint the radiant in order to characterize these concentrations and to determine their origin scenario. Some preliminary result were published on [1] and [2].

Bayesian reconstruction of the evolutionary history and cross-species transition of variola virus and orthopoxviruses.

PubMed

Zehender, Gianguglielmo; Lai, Alessia; Veo, Carla; Bergna, Annalisa; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Galli, Massimo

2018-06-01

Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is an exclusively human virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, which includes many other viral species covering a wide range of mammal hosts, such as vaccinia, cowpox, camelpox, taterapox, ectromelia, and monkeypox virus. The tempo and mode of evolution of Orthopoxviruses were reconstructed using a Bayesian phylodynamic framework by analysing 80 hemagglutinin sequences retrieved from public databases. Bayesian phylogeography was used to estimate their putative ancestral hosts. In order to estimate the substitution rate, the tree including all of the available Orthopoxviruses was calibrated using historical references dating the South American variola minor clade (alastrim) to between the XVI and XIX century. The mean substitution rate determined by the analysis was 6.5 × 10 -6 substitutions/site/year. Based on this evolutionary estimate, the time of the most recent common ancestor of the genus Orthopoxvirus was placed at about 10 000 years before the present. Cowpox virus was the species closest to the root of the phylogenetic tree. The root of VARV circulating in the XX century was estimated to be about 700 years ago, corresponding to about 1300 AD. The divergence between West African and South American VARV went back about 500 years ago (falling approximately in the XVI century). A rodent species is the most probable ancestral host from which the ancestors of all the known Orthopoxviruses were transmitted to the other mammal host species, and each of these species represented a dead-end for each new poxvirus species, without any further inter-specific spread. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Myo19 ensures symmetric partitioning of mitochondria and coupling of mitochondrial segregation to cell division.

PubMed

Rohn, Jennifer L; Patel, Jigna V; Neumann, Beate; Bulkescher, Jutta; Mchedlishvili, Nunu; McMullan, Rachel C; Quintero, Omar A; Ellenberg, Jan; Baum, Buzz

2014-11-03

During animal cell division, an actin-based ring cleaves the cell into two. Problems with this process can cause chromosome missegregation and defects in cytoplasmic inheritance and the partitioning of organelles, which in turn are associated with human diseases. Although much is known about how chromosome segregation is coupled to cell division, the way organelles coordinate their inheritance during partitioning to daughter cells is less well understood. Here, using a high-content live-imaging small interfering RNA screen, we identify Myosin-XIX (Myo19) as a novel regulator of cell division. Previously, this actin-based motor was shown to control the interphase movement of mitochondria. Our analysis shows that Myo19 is indeed localized to mitochondria and that its silencing leads to defects in the distribution of mitochondria within cells and in mitochondrial partitioning at division. Furthermore, many Myo19 RNAi cells undergo stochastic division failure--a phenotype that can be mimicked using a treatment that blocks mitochondrial fission and rescued by decreasing mitochondrial fusion, implying that mitochondria can physically interfere with cytokinesis. Strikingly, using live imaging we also observe the inappropriate movement of mitochondria to the poles of spindles in cells depleted for Myo19 as they enter anaphase. Since this phenocopies the results of an acute loss of actin filaments in anaphase, these data support a model whereby the Myo19 actin-based motor helps to control mitochondrial movement to ensure their faithful segregation during division. The presence of DNA within mitochondria makes their inheritance an especially important aspect of symmetrical cell division. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Health education with older adults: action research with primary care professionals.

PubMed

Mendonça, Francielle Toniolo Nicodemos Furtado de; Santos, Álvaro da Silva; Buso, Ana Luisa Zanardo; Malaquias, Bruna Stephanie Sousa

2017-01-01

idoso. A educação permanente abre caminhos para a construção da atenção diferenciada aos idosos pautada no respeito e na promoção da saúde.

Astronomy Teaching and Teachers Continuing Education: the Interdisciplinarity during a Total Lunar Eclipse. (Spanish Title: Enseñanza de la Astronomía y la Formación Continua de Profesores: la Interdisciplinariedad Durante un Eclipse Total de Luna.) Educação EM Astronomia E Formação Continuada de Professores: a Interdisciplinaridade Durante um Eclipse Lunar TOTAL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Langhi, Rodolfo

2009-07-01

para caminhos que podem proporcionar a motivação e a cultura científica, através de aproximações entre as comunidades científica, amadora e escolar.

Supplemental Security Income for the Aged, Blind and Disabled (SSI) program demonstration project; treatment of cash received and conserved to pay for medical or social services--SSA. Notice.

PubMed

1998-11-02

by purchasing the services they require (including medical and social services) to perform the activities of daily living. In order to accomplish the objective of the demonstration project, cash allowances and information services will be provided directly to persons with disabilities to enable them to choose and purchase services from providers which they feel would best meet their needs. Medicaid is the predominant source of public financing for personal assistance services programs for the aged, blind and disabled. The demonstration which will permit the States of Arkansas, Florida, New Jersey and New York to waive certain requirements under title XIX of the Act to participate in this "Cash and Counseling" demonstration is within the authority granted to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) by section 1115 of the Act. Medicaid beneficiaries who participate in this demonstration will be given cash to purchase the services they need from traditional and nontraditional providers as they deem appropriate. Counseling will be available for these beneficiaries to assist them in effective use of funds allotted for personal assistance services. Many of the Medicaid beneficiaries who participate in the Cash and Counseling demonstration will be SSI beneficiaries or belong to coverage groups using eligibility methodologies related to those of the SSI program under title XIX of the Act. The Commissioner of Social Security wishes to test the appropriateness of current SSI rules which require counting cash received for the purchase of medical or social services as resources if retained for more than one month after the month of receipt. The test will also be used to assist the Secretary of HHS in testing the possibility of providing greater autonomy to the consumers of personal assistance services by empowering them to purchase the services they require (including medical and social services) to perform their activities of daily living. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

L'opération de la Carte du Ciel dans les contextes institutionnel et technique de l'astronomie française à la fin du XIXe siècle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Guet Tully, F.; Sadsaoud, H.; de La Noë, J.

2008-06-01

Ce chapitre analyse le contexte institutionnel français dans lequel naît la Carte du Ciel. Dans les années 1880, le régime républicain réorganise totalement la recherche astronomique. À Paris, l'instrumentation est totalement renouvelée sous l'impulsion de Maurice Loewy. En province, les efforts de décentralisation permettent un accroissement significatif des arsenaux techniques de Marseille et Toulouse, ainsi que l'édification des établissements de Besançon, Lyon et Bordeaux. À Alger, la station astronomique créée sous le second Empire est transformée en un observatoire particulièrement dynamique grâce à l'implication de Charles Trépied. Ce panorama des établissements astronomiques permet de cerner les enjeux institutionnels et scientifiques qui concourent à l'engagement des observatoires de Paris, Bordeaux, Toulouse et Alger dans l'entreprise de la Carte du Ciel.

[In patients with Graves' disease signal-averaged P wave duration positively correlates with the degree of thyrotoxicosis].

PubMed

Czarkowski, Marek; Oreziak, Artur; Radomski, Dariusz

2006-04-01

Coexistence of the goitre, proptosis and palpitations was observed in XIX century for the first time. Sinus tachyarytmias and atrial fibrillation are typical cardiac symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Atrial fibrillation occurs more often in patients with toxic goiter than in young patients with Grave's disease. These findings suggest that causes of atrial fibrillation might be multifactorial in the elderly. The aims of our study were to evaluate correlations between the parameters of atrial signal averaged ECG (SAECG) and the serum concentration of thyroid free hormones. 25 patient with untreated Grave's disease (G-B) (age 29,6 +/- 9,0 y.o.) and 26 control patients (age 29,3 +/- 6,9 y.o.) were enrolled to our study. None of them had history of atrial fibrillation what was confirmed by 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring. The serum fT3, fT4, TSH were determined in the venous blood by the immunoenzymatic method. Atrial SAECG recording with filtration by zero phase Butterworth filter (45-150 Hz) was done in all subjects. The duration of atrial vector magnitude (hfP) and root meat square of terminal 20ms of atrial vector magnitude (RMS20) were analysed. There were no significant differences in values of SAECG parameters (hfP, RMS20) between investigated groups. The positive correlation between hfP and serum fT3 concentration in group G-B was observed (Spearman's correlation coefficient R = 0.462, p < 0.02). No significant correlations were found between RMS20 and serum fT3 in G-B group and between hfP or RMS 20 and serum fT3 in group K. These findings suggest that occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with Grave's disease depends not only on hyperthyroidism but on serum concentration of fT3 also.

Atomic data from the IRON project. LXVI. Electron impact excitation of Fe18+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, K.; Badnell, N. R.

2008-10-01

Context: Accurate electron collisional data are required for the analysis of the Fe xix astrophysical spectrum, in particular in the sun. Such an analysis can provide information on the physical characteristics of the coronal plasma. Aims: An extensive target is used in an R-matrix scattering calculation to provide the necessary data for Fe18+. The use of the R-matrix method includes the resonance contribution lacking in the distorted wave approach and the large target improves the accuracy of the close-coupling approximation. Methods: The R-Matrix package described by Berrington et al. (1995, Comput. Phys. Commun., 92, 290) as provided by the UK RmaX project has been used to calculate electron collisional data among 342 levels of Fe18+. We have used the intermediate-coupling frame-transformation (ICFT) method (Griffin et al. 1998, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 31, 3713) to transform data obtained in a 166 term LS-coupling calculation. Contributions from the mass and Darwin interactions have also been included in the Hamiltonian. Results: Collision stengths for all transitions between the 342 levels of Fe18+ are presented. They are tabulated over a wide range of electron temperatures of astrophysical interest. The results are compared with the earlier Iron Project work of Butler & Zeippen (2001, A&A, 372, 1083) and also with that of McLaughlin et al. (2001, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 34, 4521) and Landi & Gu (2006, ApJ, 640, 1171). The agreement is reasonable for the low-lying transitions. Larger differences are found for the more highly excited states. Full Table 4 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/489/1369

Functional Zoning and Urban Development Tendencies of Bucharest City/Romania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armas, Iuliana; Dumitrascu, Silvia

2010-05-01

Any form of urban development policy for environmental management should be based on the differentiation of the structure of a territory that can be found in the shape of functional zoning. Identifying the patterns of morphological structure of the urban space can provide essential clues concerning the proper measures to take into consideration during the activity of urban planning. In this sense, the Bucharest municipality study case provides the example of a dynamic urban space with a complex and distinctive evolutionary structure. The aim of the study is to set out the main events that shaped the Bucharest city space and the patterns resulted from their impact at the functional level of the Romanian capital. In order to identify the development tendencies of the Bucharest municipality, a series of aspects concerning urban morphology should be highlighted that reveal the impact of the socio-economical policies at the structural level of the territory. In this sense, three images of the urban space stand out, representative for the period when they materialized: the Post-Byzantine (XV-XVIII), the Fanariot (XVIII) and the Modern periods (XIX-XX). The corresponding cartographic documents analyzed are: the Franz Purcel Plan (dated 1789), the Romanian Guide Print Plan and, respectively, the AGC Busman Print Plan. The analysis reveals three distinctive morphological types: radial-concentric in the 17th century, polynuclear in the 18th century, leading to the mixed character in the Modern period. The latest trait of the urban territory is based on the concentric character of the street network (three circles were identified at the level of the capital city that point out the evolution of the urban space: Dacia bv-Mircea Vulcanescu, Stefan cel Mare bv-Iancu de Hunedoara and the last circle outlined by the ring road) and the presence of multiple nuclei that accumulate the commercial, administrative and business functions of the city.

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in minesoils from São Domingos mining district (Iberian Pyrite Belt)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delgado, Joaquin; Perez-Lopez, Rafael; Nieto, Jose Miguel; Ayora, Carles

2010-05-01

The São Domingos mine is one of the most emblematic mining districts in the lower part of the Guadiana River Basin (SW of Iberian Peninsula). It is located in Portugal (about 5 km from the Spanish border), in the northern sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), one of the largest metallogenetic provinces of massive sulphides in the world. Although mining activity has ceased at present, the large-scale exploitation of this deposit between the second half of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century, has favoured the production of enormous waste dumps, where oxidation of pyrite and associated sulphides is resulting in the production of acid mine drainage (AMD). Mining wastes, minesoils, and acid mine drainage have been analyzed for their major ions and rare earth elements (REE) with the aim of understanding the REE mobility during sulphide weathering so that lanthanoid series can be used both as a proxy for the extent of water-rock interaction and as a tool for identifying impacts of AMD on natural ecosystems. Chemical speciation of REE in extracts from minesoils indicates that REE sulphate complexes (mainly LnSO4+) are the primary aqueous form (60-90%), and free ionic species (Ln3+, 10-40%) are the next most abundant form of soil water-soluble fraction and controls the REE speciation model. The REE from this fraction have NASC-normalized patterns with middle-REE (MREE) enriched signature compared to the light-REE (LREE) and heavy-REE (HREE), showing convex MREE-signatures and convexity index values of +1.29 +/- 1.13. These results are consistent with the typical REE fractionation patterns reported for AMD. Poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxysulphates act as a source of labile MREE by dissolution and/or desorption processes and could explain the MREE-enriched signatures in solution.

Comparison of the plasma tails of four comets: P/Halley, Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, Austin, and Levy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farnham, Tony L.; Meech, Karen J.

1994-01-01

Photographic and charge coupled device (CCD) plasma tail observations are compared for four comets: P/Halley (22 nights in 1985/1986), Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko 1989 XIX (1989 December 2), Austin 1990 V (nine nights in 1990), and Levy 1990 XX (two nights in 1991). We present a discussion of several image-processing techniques used to enhance the visibility of the plasma tail features in order to measure velocities, accelerations, and position angles. The data are used to assess the validity of various physical mechanisms proposed to explain plasma tail phenomena. Seven disconnection events were observed in the comet P/Halley data, two in the Austin data, and none for the other comets. Analysis of these data suggests that while the crossing of the solar neutral sheet (the sector boundary) is a prominent factor in the production of a disconnection event, it is likely that several mechanisms are at work. A sector boundary crossing has been ruled out as the cause of either the 1986 April 26 P/Halley disconnection or the 1990 May 5/6 Austin disconnection. The motions of the disconnection events, knots, and condensations in the tails were seen to increase from 30-60 km/s near the nucleus (within 10(exp 6) km) to 80-100 km/s at 10(exp 7) km, consistent with either bulk motion or Alfven waves. Distinguishing between the two cases is not possible with these data. It was found that although the tail ray rotation rate slows as the ray approaches the tail axis, it is not a good indicator of the solar wind speed. Historical plasma tail data are also used to look for clues as to why some comets form well-developed plasma tails and others do not.

Fe XXV temperatures in flares from the Yohkoh Bragg crystal spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Doschek, George A.; Pike, C. David

1994-01-01

Studies by Doschek et al. using P78-1 and Solar Maximum Misson (SMM) data have shown that the ratio of intensities of the Fe XXV and Ca XIX resonance lines can be expressed as a function of Fe XXV temperature. Using a more recent data set consisting of 13 flares observed by the Bragg crystal spectrometer (BCS) experiment on board Yohkoh, we find a nearly identical functional relationship between the same resonance line ratios and Fe XXV temperatures. We use this functional relationship to obtain resonance line ratio temperatures (T(sub RLR)) for each flare in our data set, and compare them with temperatures resulting from application of a simple spectral fitting method. (T(sub SSF)) to individal Fe XXV spectra. We also use a more involved free-parameter spectral fitting method to deduce temperatures (T(sub FSF)) from some of these spectra. On average, agreement between T(sub RLR) and T(sub SSF) improves as a flare progresses in time, with average agreements of 10.0% +/- 5.2%, 6.4% +/- 5.4%, and 5.0% +/- 3.9% over the rise, peak, and decay phases, respectively. Deviations between T(sub RLR) and T(sub FSF) are about the same or smaller. Thus, for most analysis purposes, all three methods yield virtually identical temperatures in flares. The somewhat poorer agreement between T(sub SSF) and T(sub RLR) during the earlier phases may be partially a result of difficulties in obtaining precise values for temperatures from spectral fits when blueshifts and large nonthermal broadenings are present in the spectra. Because of the high sensitivity of the Yohkoh BCS compared to that of BCS experiments on earlier spacecraft, we can for the first time consistently observe the heating phase of flares in Fe XXV.

Not In-Service Railway Arched Bridges and Their Future/ Nieużytkowane Kolejowe Mosty Sklepione I Ich Przyszłość

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juszczyk, Artur; Dankowski, Marek; Wysokowski, Adam

2015-06-01

At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, on the areas of today northern and western Poland, the railway infrastructure was developing rapidly. In the late 80's of the previous century many of the railway lines, together with the whole infrastructure including bridges, were being closed down. The example of such practices can be the brick bridge located near Nojewo, Voivodeship wielkopolskie. This article presents the technical parameters of these bridges and their damages as well as ideas for the future development of the railway facilities. Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku na terenie dzisiejszej Polski zachodniej i północnej bardzo intensywnie rozwijana była infrastruktura kolejowa. W efekcie tych działań powstała sieć dróg żelaznych o dużym zagęszczeniu. Pod koniec lat 80-tych ubiegłego stulecia wiele z tych linii było stopniowo zamykanych. Na skutek tych przemian wiele linii oraz obiektów z nimi związanych, w tym obiekty mostowe, zostały pozostawione niekorzystnemu działaniu czasu. Przykładem takich wyłączonych z eksploatacji obiektów są mosty i wiadukty położone w okolicy miejscowości Nojewo. Wspomniane obiekty inżynierskie to ceglane konstrukcje sklepione znajdujące się w ciągu linii kolejowej nr 368 łączącej Szamotuły i Międzychód. W artykule zaprezentowano problem rewitalizacji nieużytkowanych mostów kolejowych na przykładzie obiektów w miejscowości Nojewo w województwie wielkopolskim. Opisano podstawowe parametry techniczne mostów oraz ich uszkodzenia. Przedstawiono propozycje zagospodarowania obiektów.

The short history of gastroenterology.

PubMed

Sródka, A

2003-12-01

In this paper research on the stomach and bowel physiology is presented in a historical perspective. The author tries to show how digestive processes were interpreted by the ancients and how they tried to adjust them to the dominating humoral theory of disease. It is pointed out that the breakthrough which created a new way of understanding of the function of the digestive system was made by Andreas Vesalius and his modern model of anatomy. The meaning of acceptance of chemical processes in digestion by iatrochemics representatives in XVII century is shown. Physiological research in XIX century, which decided about a rapid development of physiology, especially the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, is discussed. Experiments were performed by all main representatives of this discipline: Claude Bernard, Jan Ewangelista Purkyne, Rudolph Heidenhain and especially Ivan Pavlov, who, thanks to the discoveries in the secretion physiology, explained basic functions of the central nervous system. The XX century was dominated by the research showing the important role of the endocrine system and biological agents in the regulation of secretion and motility of the digestive system. The following discoveries are discussed: Ernest Sterling (secretin), John Edkins (gastrin) and André Latarjet and Lester Dragstedt (acetylcholine). It is underlined that Polish scientists play an important role in the development of the gastroenterological science--among others, Walery Jaworski, who made a historical suggestion about the role of the spiral bacteria in etiopathogenesis of the peptic ulcer, Leon Popielski, who stated the stimulating influence of histamine on the stomach acid secretion, Julian Walawski, who discovered enterogastrons--hormones decreasing secretion. As a supplement, there is the list of achievements in the field of the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract awarded with Nobel Prize and the list of most important Polish papers in this field.

The XII Century Towers, a Benchmark of the Rome Countryside almost Cancelled: the Safeguard Plan by Low Cost Uav and Terrestrial Dsm Photogrammetry Surveying and 3d Web GIS Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barelli, L.; Paolini, P.; Forti, G.

2017-11-01

"Giving a bird-fly look at the Rome countryside, throughout the Middle Age central period, it would show as if the multiple city towers has been widely spread around the territory" on a radial range of maximum thirty kilometers far from the Capitol Hill center (Carocci and Vendittelli, 2004). This is the consequence of the phenomenon identified with the "Incasalamento" neologism, described in depth in the following paper, intended as the general process of expansion of the urban society interests outside the downtown limits, started from the half of the XII and developed through all the XIII century, slowing down and ending in the following years. From the XIX century till today the architectural finds of this reality have raised the interest of many national and international scientists, which aimed to study and catalog them all to create a complete framework that, cause of its extension, didn't allow yet attempting any element by element detailed analysis. From the described situation has started our plan of intervention, we will apply integrated survey methods and technologies of terrestrial and UAV near stereo-photogrammetry, by the use of low cost drones, more than action cameras and reflex on extensible rods, integrated and referenced with GPS and topographic survey. In the final project we intend to produce some 3D scaled and textured surface models of any artifact (almost two hundreds were firstly observed still standing), to singularly study the dimensions and structure, to analyze the building materials and details and to formulate an hypothesis about any function, based even on the position along the territory. These models, successively georeferenced, will be imported into a 2D and 3D WebGIS and organized in layers made visible on basemaps of reference, as much as on historical maps.

Distribution of Marburg virus in Africa: An evolutionary approach.

PubMed

Zehender, Gianguglielmo; Sorrentino, Chiara; Veo, Carla; Fiaschi, Lisa; Gioffrè, Sonia; Ebranati, Erika; Tanzi, Elisabetta; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Lai, Alessia; Galli, Massimo

2016-10-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the origin and geographical dispersion of Marburg virus, the first member of the Filoviridae family to be discovered. Seventy-three complete genome sequences of Marburg virus isolated from animals and humans were retrieved from public databases and analysed using a Bayesian phylogeographical framework. The phylogenetic tree of the Marburg virus data set showed two significant evolutionary lineages: Ravn virus (RAVV) and Marburg virus (MARV). MARV divided into two main clades; clade A included isolates from Uganda (five from the European epidemic in 1967), Kenya (1980) and Angola (from the epidemic of 2004-2005); clade B included most of the isolates obtained during the 1999-2000 epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and a group of Ugandan isolates obtained in 2007-2009. The estimated mean evolutionary rate of the whole genome was 3.3×10(-4) substitutions/site/year (credibility interval 2.0-4.8). The MARV strain had a mean root time of the most recent common ancestor of 177.9years ago (YA) (95% highest posterior density 87-284), thus indicating that it probably originated in the mid-XIX century, whereas the RAVV strain had a later origin dating back to a mean 33.8 YA. The most probable location of the MARV ancestor was Uganda (state posterior probability, spp=0.41), whereas that of the RAVV ancestor was Kenya (spp=0.71). There were significant migration rates from Uganda to the DRC (Bayes Factor, BF=42.0) and in the opposite direction (BF=5.7). Our data suggest that Uganda may have been the cradle of Marburg virus in Africa. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Paraglacial dynamics in Little Ice Age glaciated environments in the Iberian Peninsula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliva, Marc; Serrano, Enrique; Ruiz-Fernández, Jesús; Gómez-Ortiz, Antonio; Palacios, David

2017-04-01

Three Iberian mountain ranges encompassed glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA): the Pyrenees, Cantabrian Mountains and Sierra Nevada. The gradual warming trend initiated during the second half of the XIX century promoted the progressive shrinking of these glaciers, which completely melted during the first half of the 20th century in the Cantabrian Mountains and Sierra Nevada and reduced by 80% of their LIA extent in the Pyrenees. Currently, the formerly glaciated environments are located within the periglacial belt and still present to a major or lesser degree signs of paraglacial activity. LIA moraines are devoid of vegetation and composed of highly unstable sediments that are being intensely mobilized by slope processes. Inside the moraines, different landforms and processes generated following LIA glacial retreat have generated: (i) buried ice trapped within rock debris supplied from the cirque walls, which has also generated rock glaciers and protalus lobes; (ii) semi-permanent snow fields distributed above the ice-patches remnants of the LIA glaciers, and (iii) small periglacial features such as frost mounds, sorted circles and solifluction landforms generated by processes such as solifluction and cryoturbation. Present-day morphodynamics is mostly related to seasonal frost conditions, though patches of permafrost have formed in some areas in contact with the buried ice. This 'geomorphic permafrost' is undergoing a process of degradation since it is not balanced with present-day climate conditions. This is reflected in the occurrence of multiple collapses and subsidences of the debris cover where the frozen bodies sit. In the highest areas of the Pyrenees there is a permafrost belt next to the small glaciated environments in the highest massifs. Finally, we propose a model for paraglacial activity in Iberian mountain ranges and compare it to other mid-latitude mountain environments as well as to other past deglaciation stages.

Do the paleolimnological reconstructions reflect the influence of acid deposition?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smirnov, D.Y.

1996-12-31

The using possibility of paleolimnological analyses was considered with the documentation aim of acid-forming substances distant transfer on territory of Northern Fennoscandia. The Holocene and ancient interglacial lakes pH-and alkalinity trends, reconstructed by means of bottom sediments diatomic analyses, were studied. It has been made evident that the tendency to sharp changes of these data is revealed on final stages of interglacial periods. At that time the high amplitude of climatic changes with low periodicity is resulting in catastrophic changes of landscapes in the frames of water-catchments bodies. During the last millennium the climatic situation in the Northern Fennoscandia wasmore » changing repeatedly (Medieval Warm Epoch, Little Ice Age, the rise in temperature in 20-40`s of XXth century). In the Little Ice Age (XVI-XIX centuries) the decrease of average annual temperature and intensification of winds velocity have caused a rapid retreat of latitudinal and high-altitude forest boundaries, accompanied by sharp reconstruction of tundra-,forest-tundra-and northern taiga landscapes. These processes have accelerated due to the enforcement of economic activity which caused the destruction of vegetation cover (salt-working, and ship-building since the XIXth century, pasture of reindeer herds since the end of XIXth century). Acidifying of ground and surface waters in the current century could be caused by the increased entry of organic acids, as a result of plant residues decomposition. The decomposition process was activated in the end of XIXth - beginning of XXth century in connection with the rise of temperature and increase of precipitation. Thus, the trends in pH and alkalinity changes in this region can not be used as indicators of acid-forming substances atmospheric deposition increase.« less

[Regarding respiration and the so-called "animal heat." An historical sketch].

PubMed

de Micheli, A

2001-01-01

According to Aristotle and Galen, the essential function of the respiration phenomenon was to cool the blood. Towards the middle of the XVI Century, Miguel Servet suggested, in his treatise Christianismi restitutio..., that the inspired air could have other functions besides cooling the blood. Later, Joseph Black thought that respiration was a combustion. In the light of the advances in chemistry achieved in the XVII Century, the English scientist Adair Crawford and the French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier conceived, in the second half of that century, the first general and quantitative theories on the origin of animal heat. Both these authors had the conviction that the "inflammable element", which will be called oxygen, was not formed in the pulmonary territory, but could be absorbed by the blood. Oxygen, foreseen by Mayow at the end of XVII Century, was discovered by Joseph Priestley in 1774. Lavoisier gave the name of oxygen to this gas and firmly established that the respiration phenomenon consists essentially in a process of combustion. The mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, native of Turin, suggested that animal heat originates in all breathing tissues. This phenomenon was verified and described in detail by the biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, professor at the University of Pavia. Dissemination, in the scientific world, of the new chemical nomenclature and of the respiratory theory, closely related to it, was based fundamentally on the works "Méthode de nomenclature chimique..." (1787) and "Traité élémentaire de chimie..." (1789). During the XIX Century, studies on the phenomenon of animal respiration continued and fundamental discoveries in this subject were attained, such as conversion of hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin once oxygen had been fixed. Now it is possible to study the regulating mechanisms of the energetic metabolism of the myocardium in vivo, which allows decisive interventions in certain cardiopathies, such as in acute ischemic

The April 16th 2016 Pedernales Earthquake and Instituto Geofisico efforts for improving seismic monitoring in Ecuador

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz, M. C.; Alvarado, A. P.; Hernandez, S.; Singaucho, J. C.; Gabriela, P.; Landeureau, A.; Perrault, M.; Acero, W.; Viracucha, C.; Plain, M.; Yepes, H. A.; Palacios, P.; Aguilar, J.; Mothes, P. A.; Segovia, M.; Pacheco, D. A.; Vaca, S.

2016-12-01

On April 16th, 2016, Ecuador's coastal provinces were struck by a devastating earthquake with 7.8 Mw magnitude. This event caused the earthquake-related largest dead toll in Ecuador (663 fatalities) since 1987 inland event. It provoked also a widespread destruction of houses, hotels, hospitals, affecting economic activities. Damaged was very worthy in the city of Pedernales, one of the nearest localities to the epicenter. Rupture area extended about a 100 km from the southern limit marked by the aftershock area of the 1998, 7.1 Mw earthquake to its northern limit controlled by the Punta Galera-Mompiche seismic zone, which is one of the several elongated swarms oriented perpendicular to the trench that occurred since 2007. Historical accounts of the Ecuador Colombia subduction zone have few mentions of felt earthquakes in the XVIII and XIX century likely related to poor communication and urban settlements in this area. A cycle of noticeable earthquakes began in 1896, including the 1906 8.8 Mw event and three earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 7.7 in the period 1942-1979, that preceded the 2016 earthquake. The Instituto Geofiísico of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IGEPN) has been monitoring the coastal area through the National Seismic Network (RENSIG) since 30 years back and recently enhanced through SENASCYT and SENPLADES supported projects. International collaboration from Japanese JICA and French IRD also contributed to expand the network and implement research projects in the area. Nowadays, the RENSIG has 135 seismic stations including 105 broadband and 5 strong motion velocimeters. Processing performed by Seiscomp3 software allows an automatic distribution of seismic parameters. A joint cooperation between IGEPN, the Navy Oceanographic Institute and the National Department for Risk Management is in charge of tsunami monitoring.

Molecular analyses reveal two geographic and genetic lineages for tapeworms, Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, from Ecuador using mitochondrial DNA.

PubMed

Solano, Danilo; Navarro, Juan Carlos; León-Reyes, Antonio; Benítez-Ortiz, Washington; Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Richar

2016-12-01

Tapeworms Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are the causative agents of taeniasis/cysticercosis. These are diseases with high medical and veterinary importance due to their impact on public health and rural economy in tropical countries. The re-emergence of T. solium as a result of human migration, the economic burden affecting livestock industry, and the large variability of symptoms in several human cysticercosis, encourage studies on genetic diversity, and the identification of these parasites with molecular phylogenetic tools. Samples collected from the Ecuadorian provinces: Loja, Guayas, Manabí, Tungurahua (South), and Imbabura, Pichincha (North) from 2000 to 2012 were performed under Maximum Parsimony analyses and haplotype networks using partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH subunit I (NDI), from Genbank and own sequences of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata from Ecuador. Both species have shown reciprocal monophyly, which confirms its molecular taxonomic identity. The COI and NDI genes results suggest phylogenetic structure for both parasite species from south and north of Ecuador. In T. solium, both genes gene revealed greater geographic structure, whereas in T. saginata, the variability for both genes was low. In conclusion, COI haplotype networks of T. solium suggest two geographical events in the introduction of this species in Ecuador (African and Asian lineages) and occurring sympatric, probably through the most common routes of maritime trade between the XV-XIX centuries. Moreover, the evidence of two NDI geographical lineages in T. solium from the north (province of Imbabura) and the south (province of Loja) of Ecuador derivate from a common Indian ancestor open new approaches for studies on genetic populations and eco-epidemiology. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FOXSI-2 Observations and Coronal Heating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christe, S.; Glesener, L.; Krucker, S.; Ramsey, B.; Ishikawa, S. N.; Buitrago Casas, J. C.; Takahashi, T.; Foster, N.

2015-12-01

Energy release and particle acceleration on the Sun is a frequent occurrence associated with a number of different solar phenomenon including but not limited to solar flares, coronal mass ejections and nanoflares. The exact mechanism through which particles are accelerated and energy is released is still not well understood. This issue is related to the unsolved coronal heating problem, the mystery of the heating mechanism for the million degree solar corona. One prevalent theory posits the existence of a multitude of small flares, dubbed nanoflares. Recent observations of active region AR11890 by IRIS (Testa et al. 2014) are consistent with numerical simulations of heating by impulsive beams of nonthermal electrons, suggesting that nanoflares may be similar to large flares in that they accelerate particles. Furthermore, observations by the EUNIS sounding rocket (Brosius et al. 2014) of faint Fe XIX (592.2 Angstrom) emission in an active region is indicative of plasma at temperatures of at least 8.9 MK providing further evidence of nanoflare heating. One of the best ways to gain insight into accelerated particles on the Sun and the presence of hot plasma is by observing the Sun in hard X-rays (HXR). We present on observations taken during the second successful flight of the Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI-2). FOXSI flew on December 11, 2014 with upgraded optics as well as new CdTe strip detectors. FOXSI-2 observed thermal emission (4-15 keV) from at least three active regions (AR#12234, AR#12233, AR#12235) and observed regions of the Sun without active regions. We present on using FOXSI observations to test the presence of hot temperatures in and outside of active regions.

Incidence of severe work-related injuries among young adult workers in Brazil: analysis of compensation data.

PubMed

Sousa Santana, Vilma; Villaveces, Andrés; Bangdwala, Shrikant L; Runyan, Carol W; Albuquerque Oliveira, Paulo Rogerio

2012-08-01

To obtain national estimates of the annual cumulative incidence and incidence density of severe non-fatal injuries using compensation benefits data from the Brazilian National Social Security Institute (INSS), and to describe their sociodemographic distribution among workers aged under 25 years. Data are records of health-related compensation benefits from the Ministry of Social Insurance's information system of compensation benefits of the INSS recorded in 2006. Injuries were cases classified under chapter XIX, ICD-10. The assessment of their relation with work was made by INSS's occupational physician experts. The study population comprised young workers aged 16-24 years. 59,381 workers received compensation benefits for injuries in the study year. Among them 14,491 (24.4%) were work related, 12,501 (86.3%) were male and 1990 were female workers (13.7%). The annual cumulative incidence rate of work-related injuries (ACI-WI) was 2.9×1000 workers, higher among men (4.2×1000) than women (1.0×1000). The incidence density rate (IDR-WI) was 0.7/1000 full-time equivalent (FTE), higher for men (0.97/1000 FTE) than women (0.24/1000 FTE). Both morbidity measures were higher in the younger group (16-19 years), and inversely related to wage, especially for women in the younger group. Logging, extraction, food/beverage and construction industries had higher ACI-WI and IDR-WI for adolescents and young adult workers of both sex groups. These findings suggest that the Brazilian labour laws limiting young adult workers in hazardous settings need to be expanded, adding occupations in other extractive industries and certain types of work in the food/beverage manufacturing industries. Social inequalities associated with sex need to be examined further with more detailed data.

Gill and lung ventilation responses to steady-state aquatic hypoxia and hyperoxia in the bullfrog tadpole.

PubMed

West, N H; Burggren, W W

1982-02-01

Gill ventilation frequency (fG), the pressure amplitude (PBC) and stroke volume (VS) of buccal ventilation cycles, the frequency of air breaths (fL), water flow over the gills (VW), gill oxygen uptake (MGO2), oxygen utilization (U), and heart frequency (fH) have been measured in unanaesthetized, air breathing Rana catesbeiana tadpoles (stage XVI-XIX). The animals were unrestrained except for ECG leads or cannulae, and were able to surface voluntarily for air breathing. They were subjected to aquatic normoxia, hyperoxia and three levels of aquatic hypoxia, and their respiratory responses recorded in the steady state. The experiments were performed at 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C. In hyperoxia there was an absence of air breathing, and fG, PBC and VW fell from the normoxic values, while U increased, resulting in no significant change in MGO2. Animals in normoxia showed a very low fL which increased in progressively more hypoxic states. VW increased from the normoxic value in mild hypoxia (PO2 = 96 +/- 2 mm Hg), but fell, associated with a reduction in PBC, in moderate (PO2 = 41 +/- 1 mm Hg) and severe (PO2 = 21 +/- 3 mm Hg) hypoxia in the presence of lung ventilation. Gill MGO2 was not significantly different from the normoxic value in mild hypoxia but fell in moderate hypoxia, while in severe hypoxia oxygen was lost to the ventilating water from the blood perfusing the gills. There was no significant change in fH from the normoxic value in either hypoxia or hyperoxia. These data indicate, that in the bimodally breathing bullfrog tadpole, aquatic PO2 exerts a strong control over both gill and lung ventilation. Furthermore, there is an interaction between gill and lung ventilation such that the onset of a high frequency of lung ventilation in moderate and severe hypoxia promotes a suppression of gill ventilation cycles.

Biodynamic constituents in the Mexican morning glories: purgative remedies transcending boundaries.

PubMed

Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio; Bah, Moustapha

2003-01-01

Jalap, a pre-Hispanic herbal remedy still considered a useful laxative, is an ingredient in some over-the-counter products sold by herbalists in contemporary Mexico. The purgative crude drugs are prepared from the roots of several morning glories species which all have been identified as members of the Ipomoea genus (Convolvulaceae). Their incorporation as therapeutical agents into Europe is an outstanding example of the assimilation of botanical drugs from the Americas as substitutes for traditional Old World remedies. Phytochemical investigations on the resin glycosides, main constituents of these drugs, were initiated during the second half of the XIX century; however, the structures of their active ingredients had remained poorly known, and still are for some members of these purgative root species. Modern analytical techniques with higher resolution capabilities (HPLC) for the isolation of the active principles of these crude drugs used in conjunction with powerful spectroscopic methods (high field NMR) have facilitated the investigation of these relevant, to the herbal product market, convolvulaceous species during the last decade. The advantages and limitations of theses techniques will be discussed. This review will also describe the ethnobotanical information associated with the Mexican morning glory species and how the traditional usages of these plants have played an important role in the selection of these materials for chemical studies. Little is as yet known about either the mechanism of purge action caused by the resin glycosides or the ecological significance of these same compounds for the producing plants. Over the five centuries of Mexican herbal medicine, one hundred years of phytochemistry has only partially elucidated the active ingredients of the jalap roots but has exemplified how to further contemporary drug discoveries through the investigation of those plants traditionally held to be economically and medicinally important in developing

Quantifying the effect of air quality control measures during the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beig, Gufran; Chate, Dilip M.; Ghude, Sachin. D.; Mahajan, A. S.; Srinivas, R.; Ali, K.; Sahu, S. K.; Parkhi, N.; Surendran, D.; Trimbake, H. R.

2013-12-01

In 2010, the XIX Commonwealth Games (CWG-2010) were held in India for the first time at Delhi and involved 71 commonwealth nations and dependencies with more than 6000 athletes participating in 272 events. This was the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in India and strict emission controls were imposed during the games in order to ensure improved air quality for the participating athletes as a significant portion of the population in Delhi is regularly exposed to elevated levels of pollution. The air quality control measures ranged from vehicular and traffic controls to relocation of factories and reduction of power plant emissions. In order to understand the effects of these policy induced control measures, a network of air quality and weather monitoring stations was set-up across different areas in Delhi under the Government of India's System of Air quality Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) project. Simultaneous measurements of aerosols, reactive trace gases (e.g. NOx, O3, CO) and meteorological parameters were made before, during and after CWG-2010. Contrary to expectations, the emission controls implemented were not sufficient to reduce the pollutants, instead in some cases, causing an increase. The measured pollutants regularly exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality limits over the games period. The reasons for this increase are attributed to an underestimation of the required control measures, which resulted in inadequate planning. The results indicate that any future air quality control measures need to be well planned and strictly imposed in order to improve the air quality in Delhi, which affects a large population and is deteriorating rapidly. Thus, the presence of systematic high resolution data and realistic emission inventories through networks such as SAFAR will be directly useful for the future.

Costs of landslides and floods in XX Century in a Calabrian town starting from the data stored in the Historical Archive of IRPI (Cosenza)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giampa', Vincenzo; Pasqua, A. Aurora; Petrucci, Olga

2015-04-01

The paper firstly presents the historical archive of Cosenza IRPI Section and the historical database that has been built basing on the data contained in it. Then, an application of these data to Catanzaro, the town that is the administrative center of Calabria region (Southern Italy), is presented. The gathering of historical data on past floods and landslides in Cosenza IRPI Section has been started since 1996, and it is still in progress. In 2005, some donations coming from regional and municipal Public Works offices greatly increased the documental corpus, and required a more incisive classification and management that led us to organize the documents in a real historical archive. Documents were sorted according to municipalities they concerned. In this way, for each of the 409 municipalities of Calabria a set of documents, maps and images was available. Collected documents mainly concern damage caused by the occurrence, since XIX century, of phenomena as floods, flash floods and landslides triggered by extreme meteorological events, or even damage caused by strong earthquakes. At the beginning of 2014, the central office of IRPI (Perugia) funded a project aiming to the digitalization of the archive and the subsequent publication of it on a web-platform. In this paper, the procedure adopted to build the archive and implement the database is described. Then, the elaboration of the historical series of data on Catanzaro town, which has been frequently damaged by rainfall-induced landslides and floods, is also presented. Basing on the documents coming from the archive of Ministry Public Works and stored in our Historical Archive, an assessment of costs related to damage that during XX century affected the houses of this town has been performed. The research pointed out the types of most damaging phenomena, the municipal sectors most frequently damaged, and the evolution of damaged areas throughout the years according to the increasing urbanization.

The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. II. Detailed Properties of 23 M31 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Nicolas F.; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Lewis, Geraint F.; McConnachie, Alan; Babul, Arif; Bate, Nicholas F.; Bernard, Edouard; Chapman, Scott C.; Collins, Michelle M. L.; Conn, Anthony R.; Crnojević, Denija; Fardal, Mark A.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Irwin, Michael; Mackey, A. Dougal; McMonigal, Brendan; Navarro, Julio F.; Rich, R. Michael

2016-12-01

We present a comprehensive analysis of the structural properties and luminosities of the 23 dwarf spheroidal galaxies that fall within the footprint of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS). These dwarf galaxies represent the large majority of Andromeda’s known satellite dwarf galaxies and cover a wide range in luminosity (-11.6≲ {M}V≲ -5.8 or {10}4.2≲ L≲ {10}6.5 {L}⊙ ) and surface brightness (25.1≲ {μ }0≲ 29.3 mag arcsec-2). We confirm most previous measurements, but we find And XIX to be significantly larger than before ({r}h={3065}-935+1065 {pc}, {M}V=-{10.1}-0.4+0.8) and cannot derive parameters for And XXVII as it is likely not a bound stellar system. We also significantly revise downward the luminosities of And XV and And XVI, which are now {M}V˜ -7.5 or L˜ {10}5 {L}⊙ . Finally, we provide the first detailed analysis of Cas II/And XXX, a fairly faint system ({M}V=-{8.0}-0.3+0.4) of typical size ({r}h=270+/- 50 {pc}), located in close proximity to the two bright elliptical dwarf galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185. Combined with the set of homogeneous distances published in an earlier contribution, our analysis dutifully tracks all relevant sources of uncertainty in the determination of the properties of the dwarf galaxies from the PAndAS photometric catalog. We further publish the posterior probability distribution functions of all the parameters we fit for in the form of MCMC chains available online; these inputs should be used in any analysis that aims to remain truthful to the data and properly account for covariance between parameters.

Book Review: Electrodynamics from Ampère to Einstein. Olivier Darrigol, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 2000, xix+532 pp., UK £75, ISBN 0-19-850594-9

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harman, P. M.

The scope of Olivier Darrigol's impressive treatise arouses both surprise and admiration. Darrigol has already established his credentials and expertise on this subject with a series of very substantial articles published during the past decade. However, writing the history of an individual science, especially of a theme within a scientific discipline, is hardly currently popular practice amongst historians of science. Darrigol's ambitious enterprise follows the pattern set by E. T. Whittaker's still valuable History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity (its first volume originally published in 1910), rather than the local studies favoured by contemporary historians of science. To descend to the jocular, unsympathetic readers might observe Eduard Fraenkel's celebrated request in his Horace to shut the book and never open it again as it could only disappoint and distress them. But let me hasten to add that this is scarcely the recommended option for the serious student of the subject, for Darrigol's achievement matches Whittaker's of nearly a century ago, and does so in a wholly contemporary idiom. In its sophistication of analysis and detail of presentation, this treatise will surely become a standard resource for historians of science in the coming century. Darrigol offers a richly textured narrative, painstaking in its attention to detail and compelling in conceptual thrust, a work which will repay attention by historians and philosophers of physics.

Las lenguas amerinda y la conformacion de la lengua nacional en Mexico en el siglo XIX (The Amerindian Languages and the Creation of a National Mexican Language in the Nineteenth Century).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cifuentes, Barbara

1994-01-01

Presents the first diagnosis of multilingualism in Mexico. The study examines the role scientific societies played in delineating the basis of language policy with the objective of constructing a national identity that embraced the Hispanic and Amerindian traditions as equally relevant. (31 references) (Author/CK)

Synopsis of proposals on botanical nomenclature – Shenzhen 2017: A review of the proposals concerning the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants submitted to the XIX International Botanical Congress

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Science requires a precise, stable, and simple system of nomenclature used by scientists in all countries of the world, dealing on the one hand with the terms that denote the ranks of taxonomic groups, and on the other with the scientific names that are applied to the individual taxonomic units of a...

[The becoming of public medicine (second half of XVIII-first half of xix centuries). Report I: The origin of concept of medical police, governing bodies of medical sanitary business, physician sanitary legislation].

PubMed

Stotchik, A M; Zatravkin, S N; Stotchik, A A

2013-01-01

The present report covers the history of origination of concept of medical police in the second half of XVIII century. This body became one of the most important tool of state governance in Austria. France, Prussia and Russia. The relationship between origin of this concept and the results of scientific studies in area of investigation of epidemic constitutions is demonstrated. Two directions of activity of bodies of state governance are considered concerning the implementation of medical police--imposition of public administration of activities of physicians and development by joint efforts of physicians and lawyers of special physician sanitary legislation.

Peterburgskaya akademiya nauk v XVIII v. i ee pol' v rasprostranenii N'yutonianstva na kontinente Evropy %t Petersburg Academy of Sciences of 18th century and its role in the dissemination of Newtonianism in teh continental Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nevskaya, N. I.

"Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" by I. Newton were published and immediately recognized in England in 1687. However in countries of the continental Europe up to 1744 dominated the Cartesianism. Few newtonians were exposed to persecutions. Under such circumstances in 1724 Peter The Great decided to found an Academy of sciences in Russia. Since in this country there were no scientists, it was decided to invite them from the continental Europe. Two scientists arrived to Russia were newtonians. Other just were graduated from universities and had no hope for scientific work in their native lands. This situation turned out to be rather happy. The newtonians - J. N. Delisle and J. Hermann - trained the youth (D. Bernoulli, L. Euler, F. Ch. Mayer, G. W. Krafft, A. D. Kantemir, G. W. Richmann, M. V. Lomonosov, N. I. Popov, V. K. Trediakovskij, A. D. Krasilnikov etc.). They created the science of Russia and enhanced the doctrine of Newton. Their scientific works were printed in "Commentarii" in Latin. The newspaper "St.-Petersburg sheets" and its appendix, the magazine "Notes on the Sheet" (issued in Russian and German) - published the works of Petersburg Academy of sciences and promoted the Newtonianism. Everyone, who could read in German, used these materials. One of the readers was I. Kant. He relied upon these publications in preparing his lectures at Königsberg University, and then later, in working out the cosmogony theory. The works of J. N. Delisle, L. Euler and A. C. Clairaut on the theory of comets' and planets' movement justified Newtons doctrine. They also forced J. Cassini to accept the doctrine as well. Delisle's papers on the history of astronomy published there are helpful for understanding of the history of development the astronomy. The books of J. F. Weidler "A history of astronomy" (1741) and "Astronomical bibliography" (1755) formed the basis for all histories of astronomy in the XVIII-XIX centuries.

Evidence of thermal conduction depression in hot coronal loops

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Tongjiang; Ofman, Leon; Sun, Xudong; Provornikova, Elena; Davila, Joseph

2015-08-01

Slow magnetoacoustic waves were first detected in hot (>6 MK) flare loops by the SOHO/SUMER spectrometer as Doppler shift oscillations in Fe XIX and Fe XXI lines. These oscillations are identified as standing slow-mode waves because the estimated phase speeds are close to the sound speed in the loop and some cases show a quarter period phase shift between velocity and intensity oscillations. The observed very rapid excitation and damping of standing slow mode waves have been studied by many authors using theories and numerical simulations, however, the exact mechanisms remain not well understood. Recently, flare-induced longitudinal intensity oscillations in hot post-flare loops have been detected by SDO/AIA. These oscillations have the similar physical properties as SUMER loop oscillations, and have been interpreted as the slow-mode waves. The multi-wavelength AIA observations with high spatio-temporal resolution and wide temperature coverage allow us to explore the wave excitation and damping mechanisms with an unprecedented detail to develope new coronal seismology. In this paper, we present accurate measurements of the effective adiabatic index (γeff) in the hot plasma from the electron temperature and density wave signals of a flare-induced longitudinal wave event using SDO/AIA data. Our results strikingly and clearly reveal that thermal conduction is highly depressed in hot (˜10 MK) post-flare loops and suggest that the compressive viscosity is the dominant wave damping mechanism which allows determination of the viscosity coefficient from the observables by coronal seismology. This new finding challenges our current understanding of thermal energy transport in solar and stellar flares, and may provide an alternative explanation of long-duration events and enhance our understand of coronal heating mechanism. We will discuss our results based on non-ideal MHD theory and simulations. We will also discuss the flare trigger mechanism based on magnetic topology

Global topics and novel approaches in the study of air pollution, climate change and forest ecosystems.

PubMed

Sicard, Pierre; Augustaitis, Algirdas; Belyazid, Salim; Calfapietra, Carlo; de Marco, Alessandra; Fenn, Mark; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Grulke, Nancy; He, Shang; Matyssek, Rainer; Serengil, Yusuf; Wieser, Gerhard; Paoletti, Elena

2016-06-01

Research directions from the 27th conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems (2015) reflect knowledge advancements about (i) Mechanistic bases of tree responses to multiple climate and pollution stressors, in particular the interaction of ozone (O3) with nitrogen (N) deposition and drought; (ii) Linking genetic control with physiological whole-tree activity; (iii) Epigenetic responses to climate change and air pollution; (iv) Embedding individual tree performance into the multi-factorial stand-level interaction network; (v) Interactions of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile compounds (molecular, functional and ecological bases); (vi) Estimating the potential for carbon/pollution mitigation and cost effectiveness of urban and peri-urban forests; (vii) Selection of trees adapted to the urban environment; (viii) Trophic, competitive and host/parasite relationships under changing pollution and climate; (ix) Atmosphere-biosphere-pedosphere interactions as affected by anthropospheric changes; (x) Statistical analyses for epidemiological investigations; (xi) Use of monitoring for the validation of models; (xii) Holistic view for linking the climate, carbon, N and O3 modelling; (xiii) Inclusion of multiple environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic) in critical load determinations; (xiv) Ecological impacts of N deposition in the under-investigated areas; (xv) Empirical models for mechanistic effects at the local scale; (xvi) Broad-scale N and sulphur deposition input and their effects on forest ecosystem services; (xvii) Measurements of dry deposition of N; (xviii) Assessment of evapotranspiration; (xix) Remote sensing assessment of hydrological parameters; and (xx) Forest management for maximizing water provision and overall forest ecosystem services. Ground-level O3 is still the phytotoxic air pollutant of major concern to forest health. Specific issues about O3 are: (xxi) Developing dose-response relationships and

Multitemporal satellite images for the knowledge of ancient Assyrian capital cities and for the analysis of landscape transformations in the upper course of the Tigris

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scardozzi, Giuseppe

2010-05-01

The paper concerns the contribution that a rich documentation of multitemporal optical satellite images at high resolution provides for the knowledge of the four great Assyrian capital cities (Ashur, Nimrud, Khorsabad, Niniveh in Northern Iraq), and to analyze and monitor changes in the landscape in the higher course of the Tigris during the last half century. The data set, available for each city, consists of both panchromatic and multispectral images of modern satellites for civil use (Ikonos-2, QuickBird-2), both panchromatic photographs of U.S. spy satellites operating in the years 1960s and 1970s (Corona KH-4A, Corona KH-4B, Gambit KH-7), before diffusion of mechanized agriculture and the expansion of urban areas. They are therefore images that also allow to monitor the damage to archaeological sites during the two Gulf Wars, especially the second. The rich data set was collected as part of Iraq Virtual Museum Project, realized by the Italian National Research Council, under which the Institute for Archaeological and Monumental Heritage has dealt with the contextualization of the materials (stored in the Baghdad National Museum) in their archaeological sites of origin, and with the virtual reconstruction of some "rooms" of the virtual museum. The most interesting data emerged in the research concerns, for example, the reconstruction of the paleo-river bed of the Tigris (and channels connected to it) near the ancient urban areas of Ashur, Nimrud and Niniveh; in the latter city, in addition, the expansion of modern Mosul in recent decades has obliterated part of the ancient urban area and the ancient canals network that surrounded it. In the case of Khorsabad, the images taken in different years allow us to reconstruct the layout of the ancient city and offer a planimetric vision of structures excavated in the XIX-XX centuries and later heavily damaged by weathering, by agricultural works and by the second Gulf War.

Vaccine manufacturing and technology: from biotechnological platforms to syntethic epitopes, current viepoint.

PubMed

Ignateva, G A

2016-01-01

The Purposes: the review take into account short history of vaccination practice and development of vaccine technology. In the review we include data from several monographs about manufacturing of vaccines published by authors from such companies as Merck & Co; Sanofi Pasteur; Dynavax Europe/Rhein Biotech GmbH; Latham Biopharm Group; Aridis Pharmaceuticals LLC; Genentech; Amgen; Shamir Biologics LLC; Biopharm Services US; Novartis Pharma AG, аnd several research centers: Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, US; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Univ. Of Kansas; Max Planck Institute for dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology; US Dep. of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, etc. In historic literature there are data about inoculation practices in antique China, Persia, India, Byzantium, native Americans, some African population. In modern immunology since the end of XIX century the vaccines were produced at the in vivo platforms - in animals (rabbits, mice, cows). Since 1931 due to E. Goodpasture' elaboration most virus vaccines were and are produced at the in ovo platform. In 1949 J.F. Enders elaborated large-scale polio virus production in the primary culture of monkey kidney cells in vitro. Up to day primary culture of chiken embrio fibroblasts are used to large-scale production of vaccine viruses of measles, mumps, rabies. Since 2000-th in Western countries most part of virus vaccines were began to produced via a cultivation in continuous tumor cell lines. The last technology is the most low cost for large-scale production of vaccines. We review several new biotechnological platforms for the production of the recombinant protein or virus-like particles as subunit vaccines: plant system, algae, mushrooms, insect cells, etc. Beside of good purpose of vaccination - prophylactic of several infectious

Adige river in Trento flooding map, 1892: private or public risk transfer?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ranzi, Roberto

2016-04-01

For the determination of the flood risk hydrologist and hydraulic engineers focuse their attention mainly to the estimation of physical factors determining the flood hazard, while economists and experts of social sciences deal mainly with the estimation of vulnerability and exposure. The fact that flood zoning involves both hydrological and socio-economic aspects, however, was clear already in the XIX century when the impact of floods on inundated areas started to appear in flood maps, for instance in the UK and in Italy. A pioneering 'flood risk' map for the Adige river in Trento, Italy, was already published in 1892, taking into account in detail both hazard intensity in terms of velocity and depth, frequency of occurrence, vulnerability and economic costs for flood protection with river embankments. This map is likely to be the reinterpreted certainly as a pioneering, and possibly as the first flood risk map for an Italian river and worldwide. Risk levels were divided in three categories and seven sub-categories, depending on flood water depth, velocity, frequency and damage costs. It is interesting to notice the fact that at that time the map was used to share the cost of levees' reparation and enhancement after the severe September 1882 flood as a function of the estimated level of protection of the respective areas against the flood risk. The sharing of costs between public bodies, the railway company and private owners was debated for about 20 years and at the end the public sustained the major costs. This shows how already at that time the economic assessment of structural flood protections was based on objective and rational cost-benefit criteria, that hydraulic risk mapping was perceived by the society as fundamental for the design of flood protection systems and that a balanced cost sharing between public and private was an accepted approach although some protests arose at that time.

Aspects épidemiocliniques et évolutifs chez 157 cas de leishmaniose cutanée au Maroc

PubMed Central

Hjira, Naoufal; Frikh, Rachid; Marcil, Tarik; Lamsyah, Hanane; Oumakhir, Siham; Baba, Noureddine; Boui, Mohammed

2014-01-01

Connue au Maroc depuis la fin du XIX siècle, la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) constitue un problème de santé publique dans notre pays. Le but de notre travail est de décrire le profil épidémioclinique et l’évolution post thérapeutique chez les patients ayant une leishmaniose cutanée dans notre contexte. Nous avons effectué une étude rétrospective, basée sur l'exploitation des dossiers de malades ayant présenté une leishmaniose cutanée confirmée entre janvier 2003 et décembre 2012. Nous avons colligés 157 cas de leishmaniose cutanée. L’âge moyen des patients était de 34.5 ans avec des extrêmes de 6 ans à 63 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 2.34 H/F. La durée d’évolution moyenne des lésions était de 3,6 mois avec des extrêmes de 2 semaines à 10 mois. Les lésions étaient uniques dans 29.5% des cas. Les lésions siégeaient sur membres dans 63%. La forme ulcèro- croûteuse touchait plus de 48%. Le Glucantime était utilisé dans 29.3% des cas, l'azote liquide était utilisé chez 111 autres. L’évolution post-thérapeutique était favorable avec disparition quasi-complète des lésions dans un délai variant de 6 à 10 semaines, au prix de cicatrices inesthétiques chez 14 patients. La leishmaniose cutanée continue à poser un vrai problème de santé publique dans notre pays. L’émergence de formes sévères et résistantes à travers le monde doit inciter à multiplier et renforcer les mesures prophylactiques. PMID:25309671

Bioremediation at a global scale: from the test tube to planet Earth.

PubMed

de Lorenzo, Víctor; Marlière, Philippe; Solé, Ricard

2016-09-01

Planet Earth's biosphere has evolved over billions of years as a balanced bio-geological system ultimately sustained by sunpower and the large-scale cycling of elements largely run by the global environmental microbiome. Humans have been part of this picture for much of their existence. But the industrial revolution started in the XIX century and the subsequent advances in medicine, chemistry, agriculture and communications have impacted such balances to an unprecedented degree - and the problem has nothing but exacerbated in the last 20 years. Human overpopulation, industrial growth along with unsustainable use of natural resources have driven many sites and perhaps the planetary ecosystem as a whole, beyond recovery by spontaneous natural means, even if the immediate causes could be stopped. The most conspicuous indications of such a state of affairs include the massive change in land use, the accelerated increase in the levels of greenhouse gases, the frequent natural disasters associated to climate change and the growing non-recyclable waste (e.g. plastics and recalcitrant chemicals) that we release to the Environment. While the whole planet is afflicted at a global scale by chemical pollution and anthropogenic emissions, the ongoing development of systems and synthetic biology, metagenomics, modern chemistry and some key concepts from ecological theory allow us to tackle this phenomenal challenge and propose large-scale interventions aimed at reversing and even improving the situation. This involves (i) identification of key reactions or processes that need to be re-established (or altogether created) for ecosystem reinstallation, (ii) implementation of such reactions in natural or designer hosts able to self-replicate and deliver the corresponding activities when/where needed in a fashion guided by sound ecological modelling, (iii) dispersal of niche-creating agents at a global scale and (iv) containment, monitoring and risk assessment of the whole process

Spectral observations of the extreme ultraviolet background.

PubMed

Labov, S E; Bowyer, S

1991-04-20

A grazing incidence spectrometer was designed to measure the diffuse extreme ultraviolet background. It was flown on a sounding rocket, and data were obtained on the diffuse background between 80 and 650 angstroms. These are the first spectral measurements of this background below 520 angstroms. Several emission features were detected, including interplanetary He I 584 angstroms emission and geocoronal He II 304 angstroms emission. Other features observed may originate in a hot ionized interstellar gas, but if this interpretation is correct, gas at several different temperatures is present. The strongest of these features is consistent with O V emission at 630 angstroms. This emission, when combined with upper limits for other lines, restricts the temperature of this component to 5.5 < log T < 5.7, in agreement with temperatures derived from O VI absorption studies. A power-law distribution of temperatures is consistent with this feature only if the power-law coefficient is negative, as is predicted for saturated evaporation of clouds in a hot medium. In this case, the O VI absorption data confine the filling factor of the emission of f < or = 4% and the pressure to more than 3.7 x 10(4) cm-3 K, substantially above ambient interstellar pressure. Such a pressure enhancement has been predicted for clouds undergoing saturated evaporation. Alternatively, if the O V emission covers a considerable fraction of the sky, it would be a major source of ionization. A feature centered at about 99 angstroms is well fitted by a cluster of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX lines from gas at log T = 6.6-6.8. These results are consistent with previous soft X-ray observations with low-resolution detectors. A feature found near 178 angstroms is consistent with Fe X and Fe XI emission from gas at log T = 6; this result is consistent with results from experiments employing broad-band soft X-ray detectors.

Chemical composition of the ethanolic propolis extracts and its effect on HeLa cells.

PubMed

Barbarić, Monika; Mišković, Katarina; Bojić, Mirza; Lončar, Mirela Baus; Smolčić-Bubalo, Asja; Debeljak, Zeljko; Medić-Šarić, Marica

2011-06-01

Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. It is widely used in traditional medicine and is reported to have a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects (antibacterial, antihepatoxic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, etc.). Thus the aim of this study was to assess cytotoxic effect of various ethanol propolis extractions on the cervical tumor cell line (HeLa) and compare it with their phenolic acids and flavonoids composition. Twenty samples of raw propolis were collected from 17 localities of Croatia (I-XVII), 2 of Bosnia and Hercegovina (XVIII, XIX) and 1 of Macedonia (XX). Reverse phase HPLC was used to determine the chemical composition of polyphenols. Biological experiments were carried out in vitro on cervix adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa). Phenolic acids (ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid) and flavonoids (tectochrysin, galangin, pinocembrin, pinocembrin-7-methylether, chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin) have been determined using HPLC analysis in 20 ethanolic propolis extracts. All samples contain tectochrysin in ranges of 0.1988 mg/g (XVIII) to 1.2004 mg/g (III), while caffeic acid and quercetin have not been found. Flavonoid that is most abundant is galangin in ranges from 0.3706 mg/g (XVII) to 47.4879 mg/g (IX). The samples of propolis numbers I, VI and X applied in the investigated concentration range manifested significant reduction of cell growth. GI(50) value as indicator of cytotoxicity among propolis samples showed that propolis number VII is the most effective (GI(50) =76 μg/ml) followed by propolis nos. XV, XVIII and I. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of propolis on the HeLa cells is not correlating with the concentration of particular components but on establishing the possible synergistic antiproliferative activity of individual phenolic acid and flavonoids. Differences in the chemical composition lead to diversity in biological activity of propolis samples. Copyright © 2011

PAndAS' CUBS: DISCOVERY OF TWO NEW DWARF GALAXIES IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE ANDROMEDA AND TRIANGULUM GALAXIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, Nicolas F.; McConnachie, Alan W.; Irwin, Mike

We present the discovery of two new dwarf galaxies, Andromeda XXI and Andromeda XXII, located in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies (M31 and M33). These discoveries stem from the first year data of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey, a photometric survey of the M31/M33 group conducted with the Megaprime/MegaCam Wide-Field Camera mounted on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Both satellites appear as spatial overdensities of stars which, when plotted in a color-magnitude diagram, follow metal-poor, [Fe/H] = -1.8, red giant branches at the distance of M31/M33. Andromeda XXI is a moderately bright dwarf galaxy (M{sub V} = -9.9 +- 0.6),more » albeit with low surface brightness, emphasizing again that many relatively luminous M31 satellites still remain to be discovered. It is also a large satellite, with a half-light radius close to 1 kpc, making it the fourth largest Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy after the recently discovered Andromeda XIX, Andromeda II, and Sagittarius around the Milky Way, and supports the trend that M31 satellites are larger than their Milky Way counterparts. Andromeda XXII is much fainter (M{sub V} = -6.5 +- 0.8) and lies a lot closer in projection to M33 than it does to M31 (42 versus 224 kpc), suggesting that it could be the first Triangulum satellite to be discovered. Although this is a very exciting possibility in the context of a past interaction of M33 with M31 and the fate of its satellite system, a confirmation will have to await a good distance estimate to confirm its physical proximity to M33. Along with the dwarf galaxies found in previous surveys of the M31 surroundings, these two new satellites bring the number of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in this region to 20.« less

Historical sources on climate and extreme events before XX century in Calabria (Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aurora Pasqua, Angela; Petrucci, Olga

2014-05-01

Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are defined as the occurrence of destructive phenomena, such as landslides and floods, triggered by extreme rain events. Due to the huge damage that they can cause to people and properties, DHEs are often described in a wide series of historical sources. The historical series of DHEs that affected a study region can supply useful information about the climatic trend of the area. Moreover, it can reveals temporal and spatial increases in vulnerability affecting sectors where urbanization increased throughout the time. On the other side, it can highlight further vulnerability variations occurred throughout the decades and related to specific defensive measures undertaken (or abandoned) in order to prevent damage caused by either landslides or floods. We present the historical series of catastrophic DHEs which affected a Mediterranean region named Calabria that is located in southern Italy. Data presented came from the database named ASICal (the Italian acronym of historically flooded areas in Calabria) that has been built at the beginning of 2000 at CNR-IRPI of Cosenza and that has been continuously updated since then. Currently, this database includes more than 11,000 records about floods and landslides which have been occurred in Calabria since the XVI century. These data came from different information sources as newspapers, archives of regional and national agencies, scientific and technical reports, on-site surveys reports and so on. ASICal is constantly updated. The updating concerns both current DHEs that every years affect the region, and the results of specific historical research that we regularly perform in order to fill data gaps for older epochs. In this work we present the result of a recent survey carried out in some regional public libraries focusing on the early-mid XIX century. The type of data sources available for the regional framework are described and a sketch of the DHEs trend during the last three

Simultaneous ASCA and EUVE Observations of Capella

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brickhouse, N. S.; Dupree, A. K.; Edgar, R. J.; Drake, S. A.; White, N. E.; Liedahl, D. A.; Singh, K. P.

1997-05-01

We present simultaneous observations taken in Mar 1996 of the bright stellar coronal source Capella (HD 34029) with the ASCA and EUVE satellites. Previous EUVE observations of Fe emission lines (Fe VIII --- XXIV, excluding XVII) revealed a narrow emission measure feature at 6 x 10(6) K, which has proven to be remarkably stable over several years (flux from Fe XVIII and XIX has not varied by more than 30%), while lines formed at higher temperatures have shown intensity variations up to factors of 4. Furthermore, extremely high signal-to-noise spectra obtained by summing all EUVE measurements show that the Fe/H abundance ratio is consistent with solar photospheric. (See Dupree et al. 1993, ApJ, 418, L41; Brickhouse, Raymond, & Smith 1995, ApJSupp, 97, 551; Brickhouse 1996, IAU Coll. 152, Astrophysics in the Extreme Ultraviolet, Bowyer & Malina, eds (Kluwer), 141.) Meanwhile, the ASCA data of Capella have proven notoriously difficult to analyze. The performance verification (PV) phase data suggested a somewhat subsolar Fe abundance, but models were in poor agreement with the data (chi (2red) ~ 6). (See Drake 1996, Conf. on Cosmic Abundances, U. Maryland). Since the emission lines observed by EUVE are formed at the same emitting temperatures as the X-ray spectrum (Capella is ``soft'' such that very little flux is observed above 2 keV), the emission measure distribution derived from EUVE lines should provide a direct prediction of the X-ray spectrum, with only the relative abundances of species other than Fe as free parameters. Like the PV data, the new ASCA spectrum is not well fit by any of the standard models. Applying the constraints imposed by EUVE does not make a major improvement in the fit --- multi-thermal, variable abundance models such as Raymond-Smith and MEKAL do not provide any acceptable fit (chi (2red) > 5). We discuss our efforts to understand the X-ray spectrum, including studies of the uncertainties in the atomic data and of the underlying assumptions

Laboratory Modelling of Volcano Plumbing Systems: a review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galland, Olivier; Holohan, Eoghan P.; van Wyk de Vries, Benjamin; Burchardt, Steffi

2015-04-01

Earth scientists have, since the XIX century, tried to replicate or model geological processes in controlled laboratory experiments. In particular, laboratory modelling has been used study the development of volcanic plumbing systems, which sets the stage for volcanic eruptions. Volcanic plumbing systems involve complex processes that act at length scales of microns to thousands of kilometres and at time scales from milliseconds to billions of years, and laboratory models appear very suitable to address them. This contribution reviews laboratory models dedicated to study the dynamics of volcano plumbing systems (Galland et al., Accepted). The foundation of laboratory models is the choice of relevant model materials, both for rock and magma. We outline a broad range of suitable model materials used in the literature. These materials exhibit very diverse rheological behaviours, so their careful choice is a crucial first step for the proper experiment design. The second step is model scaling, which successively calls upon: (1) the principle of dimensional analysis, and (2) the principle of similarity. The dimensional analysis aims to identify the dimensionless physical parameters that govern the underlying processes. The principle of similarity states that "a laboratory model is equivalent to his geological analogue if the dimensionless parameters identified in the dimensional analysis are identical, even if the values of the governing dimensional parameters differ greatly" (Barenblatt, 2003). The application of these two steps ensures a solid understanding and geological relevance of the laboratory models. In addition, this procedure shows that laboratory models are not designed to exactly mimic a given geological system, but to understand underlying generic processes, either individually or in combination, and to identify or demonstrate physical laws that govern these processes. From this perspective, we review the numerous applications of laboratory models to

PAndAS' CUBS: Discovery of Two New Dwarf Galaxies in the Surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Nicolas F.; McConnachie, Alan W.; Irwin, Mike; Widrow, Lawrence M.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Dubinski, John; Babul, Arif; Chapman, Scott; Fardal, Mark; Lewis, Geraint F.; Navarro, Julio; Rich, R. Michael

2009-11-01

We present the discovery of two new dwarf galaxies, Andromeda XXI and Andromeda XXII, located in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies (M31 and M33). These discoveries stem from the first year data of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey, a photometric survey of the M31/M33 group conducted with the Megaprime/MegaCam Wide-Field Camera mounted on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Both satellites appear as spatial overdensities of stars which, when plotted in a color-magnitude diagram, follow metal-poor, [Fe/H] = -1.8, red giant branches at the distance of M31/M33. Andromeda XXI is a moderately bright dwarf galaxy (MV = -9.9 ± 0.6), albeit with low surface brightness, emphasizing again that many relatively luminous M31 satellites still remain to be discovered. It is also a large satellite, with a half-light radius close to 1 kpc, making it the fourth largest Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy after the recently discovered Andromeda XIX, Andromeda II, and Sagittarius around the Milky Way, and supports the trend that M31 satellites are larger than their Milky Way counterparts. Andromeda XXII is much fainter (MV = -6.5 ± 0.8) and lies a lot closer in projection to M33 than it does to M31 (42 versus 224 kpc), suggesting that it could be the first Triangulum satellite to be discovered. Although this is a very exciting possibility in the context of a past interaction of M33 with M31 and the fate of its satellite system, a confirmation will have to await a good distance estimate to confirm its physical proximity to M33. Along with the dwarf galaxies found in previous surveys of the M31 surroundings, these two new satellites bring the number of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in this region to 20. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of

Veterinary Public Health in Italy: From Healthy Animals to Healthy Food, Contribution to Improve Economy in Developing Countries.

PubMed

Cacaci, Margherita; Lelli, Rossella Colomba

2018-01-01

The role of the veterinarian as a public health officer is intrinsic to the history and the culture of veterinary organization in Italy. The Veterinary service being part of the Health administration since the birth of the Italian State in the XIX Century. In the second half of the last century the birth of the Italian National Health Service confirmed that the function of the Italian veterinary service was to analyze and reduce the risks for the human population connected to the relationship man-animal-environment, animal health, food safety and security. The Italian Veterinary Medicine School curricula, reflected this "model" of veterinarian as well. In the majority of countries in the world, Veterinary Services are organized within the Agriculture Administration with the main function to assure animal health and wellbeing. After the so-called "Mad-cow crisis" the awareness of the direct and essential role of veterinary services in the prevention of human illness has been officially recognized and in the third millennium the old concept of "one health" and "human-animal interface" has gained popularity worldwide.The concept of Veterinary Public Health, has evolved at International level and has incorporated the more than a century old vision of the Italian Veterinary medicine and it is defined as "the sum of the contributions to the physical, mental and social development of people through the knowledge and application of veterinary science" (WHO, Future trends in veterinary public health. Gruppo di lavoro OMS: TE, Italy, 1999, Available from: http://www.who.int/zoonoses/vph/en/ . Last visited 16 Feb 2016, 1999).On the subject of Cooperation, Sustainability and Public Health, the EXPO 2015 event and the activities of international organizations WHO, FAO and World Organization for Animal Health are refocusing at present their worldwide mandate to protect human health and the economy of both the poorest Countries and the developed countries, according to the "new

Holocene Vegetation and Fire Dynamics for Ecosystem Management in the Spruce-Moss Domain in Northwestern Québec

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andy, H.; Blarquez, O.; Grondin, P.

2017-12-01

Facing the depletion of the wood resource in Québec and possible threats such as climate change, actors of the forest sector urge the need for a scientific frame to the forest management. A set of reference conditions has been developed for defining management targets that will help to keep forests within their natural range of variability according to the preindustrial period (XIX-XX centuries). Those reference conditions are based on the stands age-class distribution under a given fire regime that enable to define the percentage of old-growth forest (>100 years) to be maintained in a landscape. For the western spruce-moss domain in Québec, the fire return interval (FRI) is equal to 150 years resulting in a target of 48% of old-growth forests. Yet, this target supposes that the environment and the ecosystem processes are homogeneous for an entire bioclimatic domain of 175 000 km2. By using a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) on modern inventories data on natural and human disturbances; climate and physical variables and forest composition, we were able to distinguish 5 main zones where interactions between stands and their environment are homogeneous and where local management targets could be developed. We then used 10 published sedimentary pollens and charcoal series in order to reconstruct the holocene fire and vegetation dynamics for those zones. Vegetation deduced from the analysis of the pollen diagrams showed that the long-term vegetation dynamics are zone specific indicating that the modern forest composition is a result of the Holocene trajectories occurring within each zone. Charcoals series were statistically analyzed for past fire detection and long-term FRI reconstruction. They suggest that for the entire territory the holocene FRI range from 174 to 265 years resulting in old-growth forests percentage within 44 and 65% depending on the zone. Hence, we conclude that current management targets should be revised to fit more with local forests ecosystem

How electricity was discovered and how it is related to cardiology.

PubMed

de Micheli-Serra, Alfredo; Iturralde-Torres, Pedro; Izaguirre-Ávila, Raúl

2012-01-01

We relate the fundamental stages of the long road leading to the discovery of electricity and its uses in cardiology. The first observations on the electromagnetic phenomena were registered in ancient texts; many Greek and Roman writers referred to them, although they provided no explanations. The first extant treatise dates back to the XIII century and was written by Pierre de Maricourt during the siege of Lucera, Italy, by the army of Charles of Anjou, French king of Naples. There were no significant advances in the field of magnetism between the appearance of this treatise and the publication of the study De magnete magneticisque corporibus (1600) by the English physician William Gilbert. Scientists became increasingly interested in electromagnetic phenomena occurring in certain fish, i.e., the so-called electric ray that lived in the South American seas and the Torpedo fish that roamed the Mediterranean Sea. This interest increased in the 18th century, when condenser devices such as the Leyden jar were explored. It was subsequently demonstrated that the discharges produced by "electric fish" were of the same nature as those produced in this device. The famous "controversy" relating to animal electricity or electricity inherent to an animal's body also arose in the second half of the 18th century. The school of thought of the physicist Volta sustained the principle of a single electrical action generated by metallic contact. This led Volta to invent his electric pile, considered as the first wet cell battery. Toward the middle of the XIX century, the disciples of the physiologist Galvani were able to demonstrate the existence of animal electricity through experiments exploring the so-called current of injury. On the path of Volta's approach, many characteristics of electricity were detailed, which ultimately led to their usage in the industrial field. The route followed by Galvani-Nobili-Matteucci led to the successes of Waller, Einthoven, etcetera, enabling the

[125th anniversary of the Serbian Medical Society].

PubMed

Sulović, V; Pavlović, B

2002-01-01

Serbian Medical Society was founded on April 22, 1872. Foundation initiators were physicians of the following nationalities: 5 Serbs, 3 Czechs, 2 Poles, 3 Germans, 1 Slovak and 1 Greek. Josip Pancić was one of its founders as well, and the first president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Dr. Aćim Medović was elected its first President at the Inaugural Assembly, and Dr. Vladan Dordević its Secretary. Later, on October 17, 1874 Constitution of the Serbian Medical Society was passed and its was acknowledged by the Serbian Interior Minister. The first professional meeting was held on August 5, 1872, when they started the first medical journal named "Serbian Archives for All Physicians" ("Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo") that is being published regularly even today. At the proposal of SLD a Law on Medical Protection was passed (1881). This Law was translated into two European languages, German and French, and sent to be reconsidered by 400 towns throughout Europe. This Law included, beside the other things, the following: "...penny intended for health cannot be spent either by King, or by the Government or by any political party because it is intended for the health, tratement of the sick and doctors' salaries..." The first Congress of the Serbian physicians and scientists devoted to natural sciences was held in Belgrade from 5th to 7th of September, 1904, and it gahtered about 433 participants, among which over hundred were from abroad. In 1907 SLD organized in Belgrade "The First Scientific Conference of Yugoslav Doctors for Operating Surgery". Red Cross in Serbia was founded upon the initiative of SLD. The first initiative to establish the School of Medicine in Belgrade was given by SLD as well. Members of SLD proved their loyalty and devotion to their people, democracy and liberty during liberation wars in XIX and XX century by putting themselves in service of the sich and wrecked. Today, SLD realizes its professional activity through the work

Solar flare hard and soft x ray relationship determined from SMM HXRBS and BCS data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toot, G. David

1989-01-01

The exact nature of the solar flare process is still somewhat a mystery. A key element to understanding flares if the relationship between the hard x rays emitted by the most energetic portions of the flare and the soft x rays from other areas and times. This relationship was studied by comparing hard x ray light curved from the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) with the soft x ray light curve and its derivation from the Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) which is part of the X-Ray Polychrometer (XRP), these instruments being on the Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft (SMM). Data sample was taken from flares observed with the above instruments during 1980, the peak of the previous maximum of solar activity. Flares were chosen based on complete coverage of the event by several instruments. The HXRBS data covers the x ray spectrum from about 25 keV to about 440 keV in 15 spectral channels, while the BCS data used covers a region of the Spectrum around 3 angstroms including emission from the Ca XIX ion. Both sets of data were summed over their spectral ranges and plotted against time at a maximum time resolution of around 3 seconds. The most popular theory of flares holds that a beam of electrons produces the hard x rays by bremsstrahlung while the soft x rays are the thermal response to this energy deposition. The question is whether the rate of change of soft x ray emission might reflect the variability of the electron beam and hence the variability of the hard x rays. To address this, we took the time derivative of the soft x ray light curve and compared it to the hard flares, 12 of them showed very closed agreement between the soft x ray derivative and the hard x ray light curve. The other five did not show this behavior but were similar to each other in general soft x ray behavior. Efforts to determine basic differences between the two kinds of flares continue. In addition the behavior of soft x ray temperature of flares was examined.

Solar flare hard and soft X ray relationship determined from SMM HXRBS and BCS data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toot, G. David

1989-09-01

The exact nature of the solar flare process is still somewhat a mystery. A key element to understanding flares if the relationship between the hard x rays emitted by the most energetic portions of the flare and the soft x rays from other areas and times. This relationship was studied by comparing hard x ray light curved from the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) with the soft x ray light curve and its derivation from the Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) which is part of the X-Ray Polychrometer (XRP), these instruments being on the Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft (SMM). Data sample was taken from flares observed with the above instruments during 1980, the peak of the previous maximum of solar activity. Flares were chosen based on complete coverage of the event by several instruments. The HXRBS data covers the x ray spectrum from about 25 keV to about 440 keV in 15 spectral channels, while the BCS data used covers a region of the Spectrum around 3 angstroms including emission from the Ca XIX ion. Both sets of data were summed over their spectral ranges and plotted against time at a maximum time resolution of around 3 seconds. The most popular theory of flares holds that a beam of electrons produces the hard x rays by bremsstrahlung while the soft x rays are the thermal response to this energy deposition. The question is whether the rate of change of soft x ray emission might reflect the variability of the electron beam and hence the variability of the hard x rays. To address this, we took the time derivative of the soft x ray light curve and compared it to the hard flares, 12 of them showed very closed agreement between the soft x ray derivative and the hard x ray light curve. The other five did not show this behavior but were similar to each other in general soft x ray behavior. Efforts to determine basic differences between the two kinds of flares continue. In addition the behavior of soft x ray temperature of flares was examined.

Soils in art as a teaching tool in soil science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poch, Rosa M.

2017-04-01

The representation of soils in the different artistic expressions occurs much less often than that of other naturalistic scientific disciplines, like botany or zoology, due to the minor perception of soils as a natural body since the humans started to express themselves through art. Nevertheless, painters, writers and even musicians and film directors have been forced to deal with soils in their works, as a component of the landscape and as the main actor of the various soil functions. Even if the artists are not aware of soils in the sense of soil science - a study object - their observation of nature invariably leads to express their properties, the problems due to their misuse or degradation and their management practices. These art works have a great value when teaching soil science to students, because the latter can learn to intepret and go beyond the artist's observation and therefore they can appreciate the perception of soils and soil properties along the history of humankind. Paintings from various periods can be used as exercises, mainly those depicting landscapes or agricultural works. Some examples are Dutch landscape painters, as Brueghel the Young showing detailed soil erosion features; or Wijnants (XVII century) depicting very clear podzols on sand dunes. Also the impressionists (Van Gogh, Cézanne, Gaugin), or the landscapes of the romantic nationalists (XIX- early XX century) show forest or agricultural soils that can be used either to deduce soil forming processes and describe horizons, or to discuss the effectivity of soil management practices (deforestation, burning, plowing, terracing). Also some pieces of literature can be used either for illustrating real soil landscapes and soil-water relationships (Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath") or in case of fiction literature, as exercice for soil mapping (Tolkien's Middle Earth in "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings"). Films as "The field" (Jim Sheridan, 1990) or "Corn Island" (George Ovasvili

Leadership Practices in Hospital Nursing: A Self of Manager Nurses.

PubMed

Silva, Vânea Lúcia Dos Santos; Camelo, Silvia Helena Henriques; Soares, Mirelle Inácio; Resck, Zélia Marilda Rodrigues; Chaves, Lucieli Dias Pedreschi; Santos, Fabiana Cristina Dos; Leal, Laura Andrian

2017-04-03

To assess the frequency of the leadership practices performed by the manager nurses of hospital institutions and their association with the variables of the socioprofessional profile. Cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study conducted in four hospitals in a city of the state of São Paulo. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument Leadership Practices Inventory were used. Data collection and analysis were based on an exemplary Leadership Practices Model. Eighty-four manager nurses participated in the study. The mean values of the leadership practices used by the nurses were: enable others to act (50.6); encourage the heart (48.2); model the way (46.7); challenge the process (43.3); and inspire a shared vision (43.1). Data analysis also evidenced a correlation between the practice encourage the heart and the variables time of care and employment relationship. The study evidenced the presence of manager nurses exercising moderate leadership, and promoting teamwork, an environment of trust, and a horizontal vision. However, moderate values also reveal managerial aspects to be improved by the leaders by means of organizational strategies and/or tools aimed at best leadership practices. Avaliar a frequência das práticas de liderança executadas pelos enfermeiros gerentes de instituições hospitalares e sua associação às variáveis do perfil socioprofissional. Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, realizado em quatro hospitaisde um município do interior paulista. Utilizou-se de questionário sociodemográfico e do instrumento Leadership Practices Inventory. A coleta e a análise de dados foram fundamentadas em um Modelo de Práticas para Liderança exemplar. Participaram 84 enfermeiros gerentes. As médias das práticas de liderança utilizadas pelos enfermeiros foram: capacitar os outros a agir (50,6), encorajar o coração (48,2), traçar o caminho (46,7), desafiar o processo (43,3) e inspirar uma visão compartilhada (43,1). Na an

Smoking control: challenges and achievements.

PubMed

Silva, Luiz Carlos Corrêa da; Araújo, Alberto José de; Queiroz, Ângela Maria Dias de; Sales, Maria da Penha Uchoa; Castellano, Maria Vera Cruz de Oliveira

2016-01-01

Smoking is the most preventable and controllable health risk. Therefore, all health care professionals should give their utmost attention to and be more focused on the problem of smoking. Tobacco is a highly profitable product, because of its large-scale production and great number of consumers. Smoking control policies and treatment resources for smoking cessation have advanced in recent years, showing highly satisfactory results, particularly in Brazil. However, there is yet a long way to go before smoking can be considered a controlled disease from a public health standpoint. We can already perceive that the behavior of our society regarding smoking is changing, albeit slowly. Therefore, pulmonologists have a very promising area in which to work with their patients and the general population. We must act with greater impetus in support of health care policies and social living standards that directly contribute to improving health and quality of life. In this respect, pulmonologists can play a greater role as they get more involved in treating smokers, strengthening anti-smoking laws, and demanding health care policies related to lung diseases. RESUMO O tabagismo é o fator de risco mais prevenível e controlável em saúde e, por isso, precisa ter a máxima atenção e ser muito mais enfocado por todos os profissionais da saúde. O tabaco é um produto de alta rentabilidade pela sua grande produção e pelo elevado número de consumidores. As políticas de controle e os recursos terapêuticos para o tabagismo avançaram muito nos últimos anos e têm mostrado resultados altamente satisfatórios, particularmente no Brasil. Entretanto, ainda resta um longo caminho a ser percorrido para que se possa considerar o tabagismo como uma doença controlada sob o ponto de vista da saúde pública. Já se observam modificações do comportamento da sociedade com relação ao tabagismo, mas ainda em escala muito lenta, de modo que os pneumologistas têm nesse setor um campo

Universal Health Coverage through Community Nursing Services: China vs. Hong Kong.

PubMed

Chan, Wai Yee; Fung, Ita M; Chan, Eric

2017-01-30

this article looks at how the development of community nursing services in China and Hong Kong can enhance universal health coverage. literature and data review have been utilized in this study. nursing services have evolved much since the beginning of the nursing profession. The development of community nursing services has expanded the scope of nursing services to those in need of, not just hospital-level nursing care, but more holistic care to improve health and quality of life. despite the one-country-two-systems governance and the difference in population and geography, Hong Kong and China both face the aging population and its complications. Community nursing services help to pave the road to Universal Health Coverage. este artigo analisa a forma como o desenvolvimento de serviços de enfermagem comunitários na China e Hong Kong pode melhorar a cobertura universal de saúde. literatura e revisão de dados foram utilizados neste estudo. serviços de enfermagem têm evoluído muito desde o início da profissão de enfermagem. O desenvolvimento dos serviços de enfermagem da comunidade ampliou o escopo dos serviços de enfermagem, para aqueles que precisam não apenas de cuidados de enfermagem de nível de hospital, mas cuidados mais holísticos para melhorar a saúde e qualidade de vida. apesar de ser "um-país-dois-sistemas" de governo, e as diferenças de população e geografia, Hong Kong e China enfrentam o envelhecimento da população e suas complicações. Os serviços de enfermagem da comunidade ajudam a pavimentar o caminho para a cobertura de saúde universal. este artículo analiza cómo el desarrollo de los servicios de enfermería comunitaria en China y Hong Kong pueden expandir la cobertura universal de salud. revisión de datos y literatura han sido utilizados en este estudio. los servicios de enfermería han evolucionado mucho desde el comienzo de la profesión. El desarrollo de los servicios de enfermería comunitaria han ampliado el alcance

[The becoming of public medicine in the second half of XVIII-first half of XIX centuries. Report II. The development of public systems of training of medical manpower and charity provision to socially unprotected groups of population].

PubMed

Stochik, A M; Zatravkin, S N; Stochik, A A

2013-01-01

The present report considers the history of becoming of concept of medical police in second half of XVIII century. This concept became one of the most important instruments of public management in Austria, France, Prussia and Russia. Two directions of activity of public authorities in the area of implementation of medical police are discussed i.e. control of frauds and development of public systems of training of medical manpower and charity provision to socially unprotected groups of population. The historiographical data is presented concerning the development of public systems of training of medical manpower, reform of university medical education, implementation of hospital reform.

A resolution expressing support for the XIX International AIDS Conference and the sense of the Senate that continued commitment by the United States to HIV/AIDS research, prevention, and treatment programs is crucial to protecting global health.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Nelson, Bill [D-FL

2012-07-26

Senate - 07/26/2012 Submitted in the Senate, considered, and passed without amendment and with a preamble by Voice Vote. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Suicide rates and income in São Paulo and Brazil: a temporal and spatial epidemiologic analysis from 1996 to 2008

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background In a classical study, Durkheim noted a direct relation between suicide rates and wealth in the XIX century France. Since that time, several studies have verified this relationship. It is known that suicide rates are associated with income, although the direction of this association varies worldwide. Brazil presents a heterogeneous distribution of income and suicide across its territory; however, evaluation for an association between these variables has shown mixed results. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between suicide rates and income in Brazil, State of São Paulo (SP), and City of SP, considering geographical area and temporal trends. Methods Data were extracted from the National and State official statistics departments. Three socioeconomic areas were considered according to income, from the wealthiest (area 1) to the poorest (area 3). We also considered three regions: country-wide (27 Brazilian States and 558 Brazilian micro-regions), state-wide (645 counties of SP State), and city-wide (96 districts of SP city). Relative risks (RR) were calculated among areas 1, 2, and 3 for all regions, in a cross-sectional approach. Then, we used Joinpoint analysis to explore the temporal trends of suicide rates and SaTScan to investigate geographical clusters of high/low suicide rates across the territory. Results Suicide rates in Brazil, the State of SP, and the city of SP were 6.2, 6.6, and 5.4 per 100,000, respectively. Taking suicide rates of the poorest area (3) as reference, the RR for the wealthiest area was 1.64, 0.88, and 1.65 for Brazil, State of SP, and city of SP, respectively (p for trend <0.05 for all analyses). Spatial cluster of high suicide rates were identified at Brazilian southern (RR = 2.37), state of SP western (RR = 1.32), and city of SP central (RR = 1.65) regions. A direct association between income and suicide were found for Brazil (OR = 2.59) and the city of SP (OR = 1.07), and an inverse association for the

Living together flash-floods: the Versilia (Italy) case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caporali, Enrica; Pileggi, Tiziana; Gruntfest, Eve; Ruin, Isabelle; Federici, Giorgio

2010-05-01

The phenomena involved in extreme flash-flood events are complex and their prediction is affected by a given degree of uncertainty that makes the warning communication very difficult to achieve. The promotion of the natural hazards perception and the improvement in warning communication, aimed at human life losses reduction, became extremely important to accomplish. As a case study the Versilia river basin, in North - West Tuscany, Central Italy, prone to frequent flash-flood events, is considered. In the area, as stated from Santini (a local historian of XIX century), since 1386 existed special statutes, imposing rivers maintenance for protection against floods. Historical data testify also that the biggest flood events have occurred in the years 1774, 1885, 1902 and 1996. The last event is the one deeply analyzed and better documented. It was exceptional, the consequences on the population were dramatic, and the effects on building and infrastructures were catastrophic. With reference to the Versilia region, a geographic database for flood risk assessment, integrating diachronic data with the results of hydrological and sedimentological modeling, and integrating different competencies, is implemented. The purpose is to provide valuable aid to flash-floods prediction, risk assessment, structural and non-structural mitigation measures. As a first attempt, the combination of all the information available on the history of floods of Versilia region and model results, together with human exposure to flash-flood risk, is also explored. The aim is to investigate the detailed hydrometeorological circumstances that lead to accidental casualties and to better understand the predominant physical factors of risk. In the framework of enhancing natural hazards perception, a very particular educational experience, dedicated to the personnel that work on the territory with different roles and in different fields (i.e. municipal and provincial police, national forest body

The value of snow cover

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokratov, S. A.

2009-04-01

Snow is the natural resource, like soil and water. It has specific properties which allow its use not just for skiing but also for houses cooling in summer (Swedish experience), for air fields construction (Arctic and Antarctic), for dams (north of Russia), for buildings (not only snow-houses of some Polar peoples but artistic hotel attracting tourists in Sweden), and as art material (Sapporo snow festival, Finnish events), etc. "Adjustment" of snow distribution and amount is not only rather common practice (avalanche-protection constructions keeping snow on slopes) but also the practice with long history. So-called "snow irrigation" was used in Russia since XIX century to protect winter crop. What is now named "artificial snow production", is part of much larger pattern. What makes it special—it is unavoidable in present climate and economy situation. 5% of national income in Austria is winter tourism. 50% of the economy in Savoy relay on winter tourism. In terms of money this can be less, but in terms of jobs and income involved this would be even more considerable in Switzerland. As an example—the population of Davos is 14000 in Summer and 50000 in Winter. Skiing is growing business. In present time you can find ski slopes in Turkey and Lebanon. To keep a cite suitable for attracting tourists you need certain amount of sunny days and certain amount of snow. The snow cannons are often the only way to keep a place running. On the other hand, more artificial snow does not necessary attract more tourists, while heavy natural snowfall does attract them. Artificial snow making is costly and requires infrastructure (ponds and electric lines) with very narrow range of weather conditions. Related companies are searching for alternatives and one of them can be "weather regulation" by distribution of some chemical components in clouds. It did not happen yet, but can happen soon. The consequences of such interference in Nature is hardly known. The ski tourism is not the

Carbon sequestration and fertility after centennial time scale incorporation of charcoal into soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Criscuoli, Irene; Alberti, Giorgio; Baronti, Silvia; Favilli, Filippo; Martinez, Cristina; Calzolari, Costanza; Pusceddu, Emanuela; Rumpel, Cornelia; Viola, Roberto; Miglietta, Franco

2014-05-01

The addition of pyrogenic carbon (C) in the soil is considered a sustainable strategy to achieve direct C sequestration and potential reduction of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we investigated the long term effects of charcoal addition on C sequestration and soil chemico-physical properties by studying a series of abandoned charcoal hearths in the Eastern Alps established in the XIX century. This natural setting can be seen as an analogue of a deliberate experiment with replications. Carbon sequestration was assessed indirectly by comparing the amount of C present in the hearths with the estimated amount of charcoal that was left on the soil after the carbonization. Approximately 80% of the C originally added to the soil via charcoal can still be found today, thus supporting the view that charcoal incorporation is an effective way to sequester atmospheric CO2. We also observed an improvement in the physical properties (hydrophobicity and bulk density) of charcoal hearth soils and an accumulation of nutrients compared to the adjacent soil without charcoal. Then, we focused on the morphological and physical characterization of several fragments, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Such study enabled the identification of peculiar morphological features of tracheids, which were tentatively associated to a differential oxidation of the structures that were created during carbonization from lignine and cellulose. In order to assess the effect of soil-aging we compared the old-biochar with a modern one obtained from the same feedstock and with similar carbonization process. XRD and XRF analysis were performed on both old and modern biochar, in order to study the multiphase crystalline structure and chemical elements found. We observed mineralization and a fossilization of old biochar samples respect to the modern ones, with accumulation of several mineral oxides and a substantial presence of

The study of the hydrological regime extreme effects of the Caspian Sea during the XX-XXI centuries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yaitskaya, Natalia

2016-04-01

The Caspian Sea - the unique largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth. Significant periodic sea level fluctuations are a typical feature of the sea. In the XIX-XX centuries a number of comprehensive studies of the Caspian Sea was carried out. The results are published in the papers, monographs and climatic atlases. But a number of fundamental questions about the features of the hydrological regime of the Caspian Sea is still open: 1. How does the water circulation change during the level variations? 2. What is the effect of heterogeneity of evaporation from the water surface on the formation of the flow field in the conditions of long-term level changes? 3. How does the water salinity regime change depending on the sea level position, water circulation, river flow and different climatic influences? 4. What is the effect of extreme events (multi-hazards) (ice, storms, destruction of the coasts) on coastal infrastructure? In 2016, the project aims to study hydrological regime extreme effects of the Caspian Sea was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Within this project all of the above problems will be solved. Geographic information system "Caspian Sea" for the storage and data processing, including a database of primary oceanographic information for the period of instrumental observations (1897-2013), cartographic database (1921-2011) and tools for multidimensional analysis of spatio-temporal information is the basis of the study. The scheme of interconnected hydrodynamic models (Caspian Sea MODel - Ocean Model - Wind wave model) was developed. The important factors are taken into account in the structure of the models: long-term and seasonal dynamics of the sea waves parameters, new long-term values of evaporation from the shallow waters areas of the Caspian Sea, water circulation. Schemes of general seasonal circulation of the Caspian Sea and the Northern Caspian at different positions of the sea level in XX-XXI centuries using

Dedradation of buried ice and permafrost in the Veleta Cirque (Sierra Nevada, Spain) from 2006-2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gómez-Ortiz, A.; Oliva, M.; Salvador-Franch, F.; Salvà-Catarineu, M.; Palacios, D.; de Sanjosé-Blasco, J. J.; Tanarro-García, L. M.

2014-04-01

The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (Southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written records since the XVII century. This glacier still had ice residues until the mid-XX century. This ice is no longer visible, but a residue persists along with discontinuous permafrost trapped under strata of rock blocks that make up an incipient rock glacier. From 2006 to 2013, this rock glacier was monitored by measurement of the temperature of the active layer, the degree of snow cover on the ground, movements of the body of the rock glacier and geophysical prospection inside it. The results show that the relict ice and trapped permafrost have been steadily declining. The processes that explain this degradation occur in chain, starting from the external radiation that affects the ground in summer, which is when the temperatures are higher. In effect, when this radiation steadily melts the snow on the ground, the thermal expansive wave advances into the heart of the active layer, reaching the ceiling of the frozen mass, which it then degrades and melts. In this entire linked process, the circulation of melt waters fulfil a highly significant function, as they act as heat transmitters. The complementary nature of these processes explains the subsidence and continuous changes in the entire clastic pack and the melting of the frozen ceiling on which it rests. This happens in summer in just a few weeks. All these events, in particular the geomorphological ones, take place on the Sierra Nevada peaks within certain climate conditions that are at present unfavourable to the maintenance of snow on the ground in summer. These conditions could be related to recent variations in the climate, starting in the mid-XIX century and most

Geological myths and reality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ostrihansky, Lubor

2014-05-01

Myths are the result of man's attempts to explain noteworthy features of his environment stemming from unfounded imagination. It is unbelievable that in 21st century the explanation of evident lithospheric plates movements and origin of forces causing this movement is still bound to myths, They are the myth about mantle convection, myth about Earth's expansion, myth about mantle heterogeneities causing the movement of plates and myth about mantle plumes. From 1971 to 1978 I performed extensive study (Ostřihanský 1980) about the terrestrial heat flow and radioactive heat production of batholiths in the Bohemian Massive (Czech Republic). The result, gained by extrapolation of the heat flow and heat production relationship, revealed the very low heat flow from the mantle 17.7mW m-2 close to the site of the Quarterly volcano active only 115,000 - 15,000 years ago and its last outbreak happened during Holocene that is less than 10,000 years ago. This volcano Komorní Hůrka (Kammerbühls) was known by J. W. Goethe investigation and the digging of 300 m long gallery in the first half of XIX century to reach the basaltic plug and to confirm the Stromboli type volcano. In this way the 19th century myth of neptunists that basalt was a sedimentary deposit was disproved in spite that famous poet and scientist J.W.Goethe inclined to neptunists. For me the result of very low heat flow and the vicinity of almost recent volcanoes in the Bohemian Massive meant that I refused the hypothesis of mantle convection and I focused my investigation to external forces of tides and solar heat, which evoke volcanic effects, earthquakes and the plate movement. To disclose reality it is necessary to present calculation of acting forces using correct mechanism of their action taking into account tectonic characteristics of geologic unites as the wrench tectonics and the tectonic of planets and satellites of the solar system, realizing an exceptional behavior of the Earth as quickly rotating

A Review of Ideas Concerning Life Origin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gindilis, L. M.

2014-10-01

Since the times of Antiquity the and for a long time the idea of self-origination of life was the dominant one. It reappeared again after microorganisms were discovered (XVII century). The possibility of abiogenesis at microbial level was discussed for more than a century. Pateur demonstrated that spontaneous origination of microorganisms in sterile broth was due to those same microorganisms transported by dust particles. Thus proving that every form of life originates from the parental life form. So the question arises: how did the first microorganisms appear on the Earth. There are three possible versions: 1) accidental origination of a viable form; 2) primal organisms were transported to the Earth from outer space; 3) they were formed on the Earth in the process of prebiotic chemical evolution. We discuss the problems of prebiotic evolution from simple monomers up to living cells. An important item of nowadays conceptions of life origination is the hypothesis of the ancient world of RNA as possible precursor of life on Earth. The discovery in carbonaceous chondrites of traces of bacterial life evidences the existence of life in the Solar System even before the formation of the Earth. The idea of life as brought to the Earth out of Cosmos originated under the impression of self-origination hypothesis downfall. It went through several stages (Helmholtz, W. Thompson, XIX century; Arrhenius, early XX century; Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, second half of XX century) and presently evokes constantly growing interest. The panspermia theory does not solve the problem of origination of life, only moves it onto other planets. According to V.A. Mazur, the probability of accidental formation of RNA molecule is negligible not only on the Earth, but in the whole Universe over all the time span of its existence. But it is practically equal to unit in the domain formed at the inflation stage of the evolution of the Universe. A.D.Panov considered panspermia in the Galaxy at the level

[Dante's Inferno and the McGill Pain Questionnaire].

PubMed

Tonelli, N; Marcolongo, R

2007-01-01

To study the images which depict the damned's sufferings in Dante's Inferno, in their expression of the several meanings of "pain", the semantics of "pain" in the poem has been analyzed, eventually trying to determine whether the organization of punishments of Inferno may somehow mirror a disability scale. A detailed analysis of the text was carried out, which proved a valuable tool for interpreting the organization of punishments as a possible disability scale. The semantics of pain in the Divine Comedy was studied through all the forms of the pain descriptors (included the archaic terminological forms) from the Italian version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MGPQ) by Maiani and Sanavio. In Dante's Inferno a classification of pain is provided, based on the experience of sufferings; Dante's images seem not only instrumental to investigating the sensorial but also the affective and intellectual spheres by introducing a number of characters and describing the impact of punishment onto their souls. Our research highlighted that 46 out of 78 terms from the MGPQ are present in Inferno, though with different forms; the Groups the MGPQ is divided into are also represented with the exception of Group XII, the most frequently detected being Groups XIII-which studies the fear-related sensations in the emotional sphere - XIV, XIX and XX. The great attention emerges that Dante devoted to describing simple sensorial experiences as well as the way punishments affected the soul. As a whole, the terms pertaining to the sensorial sphere are the most frequently encountered. The lack of motion which increases circle after circle in Hell, well matches the progressing physical and psychological impairment caused by some invalidating diseases. Noticeably, Dante created such a complex system centuries before the studies were released on the impact of pain and its quantitative and mostly qualitative definition. In conclusion, this interpretation suggests that the writing on the door to

Rapid Cadence Dual Slit EUV Spectroscopic Observation of Episodic Chromospheric Evaporation in a Solar Flare Loop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brosius, J. W.

2012-12-01

discarding those that appeared affected. The intensity of the Fe XIX line at 592.2 A, formed at 8 MK, reached its maximum value at the location of the CDS slit near the flare loop apex about 4.6 minutes after the Fe XXIII line reached its peak intensity. This work was supported by NASA grant NNX10AC08G.

Chromospheric Evaporation and Decimetric Radio Emission in Solar Flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aschwanden, Markus J.; Benz, Arnold O.

1995-01-01

We have discovered decimetric signatures of the chromospheric evaporation process. Evidence for the radio detection of chromospheric evaporation is based on the radio-inferred values of (1) the electron density, (2) the propagation speed, and (3) the timing, which are found to be in good agreement with statistical values inferred from the blueshifted Ca xix soft X-ray line. The physical basis of our model is that free-free absorption of plasma emission is strongly modified by the steep density gradient and the large temperature increase in the upflowing flare plasma. The steplike density increase at the chromospheric evaporation front causes a local discontinuity in the plasma frequency, manifested as almost infinite drift rate in decimetric type III bursts. The large temperature increase of the upflowing plasma considerably reduces the local free-free opacity (due to the T-(exp -3/2) dependence) and thus enhances the brightness of radio bursts emitted at the local plasma frequency near the chromospheric evaporation front, while a high-frequency cutoff is expected in the high-density regions behind the front, which can be used to infer the velocity of the upflowing plasma. From model calculations we find strong evidence that decimetric bursts with a slowly drifting high-frequency cutoff are produced by fundamental plasma emission, contrary to the widespread belief that decimetric bursts are preferentially emitted at the harmonic plasma level. We analyzed 21 flare episodes from 1991-1993 for which broadband (100-3000 MHz) radio dynamic spectra from Phoenix, hard X-ray data from BATSE/CGRO, and soft X-ray data from GOES were available. We detected slowly drifting high-frequency cutoffs between 1.1 and 3.0 GHz, with drift rates of -41 +/- 32 MHz/s, extending over time intervals of 24 +/- 23 s. Developing a density model for type III-emitting flare loops based on the statistically observed drift rate of type III bursts by Alvarez & Haddock, we infer velocities of up to

Suicide rates and income in São Paulo and Brazil: a temporal and spatial epidemiologic analysis from 1996 to 2008.

PubMed

Bando, Daniel H; Brunoni, Andre R; Benseñor, Isabela M; Lotufo, Paulo A

2012-08-28

In a classical study, Durkheim noted a direct relation between suicide rates and wealth in the XIX century France. Since that time, several studies have verified this relationship. It is known that suicide rates are associated with income, although the direction of this association varies worldwide. Brazil presents a heterogeneous distribution of income and suicide across its territory; however, evaluation for an association between these variables has shown mixed results. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between suicide rates and income in Brazil, State of São Paulo (SP), and City of SP, considering geographical area and temporal trends. Data were extracted from the National and State official statistics departments. Three socioeconomic areas were considered according to income, from the wealthiest (area 1) to the poorest (area 3). We also considered three regions: country-wide (27 Brazilian States and 558 Brazilian micro-regions), state-wide (645 counties of SP State), and city-wide (96 districts of SP city). Relative risks (RR) were calculated among areas 1, 2, and 3 for all regions, in a cross-sectional approach. Then, we used Joinpoint analysis to explore the temporal trends of suicide rates and SaTScan to investigate geographical clusters of high/low suicide rates across the territory. Suicide rates in Brazil, the State of SP, and the city of SP were 6.2, 6.6, and 5.4 per 100,000, respectively. Taking suicide rates of the poorest area (3) as reference, the RR for the wealthiest area was 1.64, 0.88, and 1.65 for Brazil, State of SP, and city of SP, respectively (p for trend <0.05 for all analyses). Spatial cluster of high suicide rates were identified at Brazilian southern (RR = 2.37), state of SP western (RR = 1.32), and city of SP central (RR = 1.65) regions. A direct association between income and suicide were found for Brazil (OR = 2.59) and the city of SP (OR = 1.07), and an inverse association for the state of SP (OR = 0

Relationships between coastal bacterioplankton growth rates and biomass production: comparison of leucine and thymidine uptake with single-cell physiological characteristics.

PubMed

Franco-Vidal, Leticia; Morán, Xosé Anxelu G

2011-02-01

Specific growth rates of heterotrophic bacterioplankton have been frequently estimated from in situ bacterial production (BP) to biomass (BB) ratios, using a series of assumptions that may result in serious discrepancies with values obtained from predator-free cultures. Here, we used both types of approaches together with a comprehensive assessment of single-cell physiological characteristics (membrane integrity, nucleic acid content, and active respiration) of coastal bacterioplankton during a complete annual cycle (February 2007-January 2008) in the southern Bay of Biscay off Xixón, Spain. Both leucine and thymidine incorporation rates were used in conjunction with empirical tracer to carbon or cells conversion factors (eCFs) to accurately derive BP. Leu and TdR incorporation rates covaried year-round, as did the corresponding eCFs at 0 and 50 m depth. eCFs peaked in autumn, with mean annual values close to the theoretical ones (3.4 kg C mol Leu(-1) and 2.0 × 10(18) cells mol TdR(-1)). Bacterial abundance (0.2-1.5 × 10(6) cells L(-1)) showed a bimodal distribution with maxima in May and October and minima in March. Live (membrane-intact) cells dominated year-round (79-97%), with high nucleic acid cells (42-88%) and actively respiring bacteria (CTC+, 1-16%) showing distinct surface maxima in April and July, respectively. BB (557-1,558 mg C m(-2)) and BP (7-139 mg C m(-2) day(-1)) presented two distinct peaks in spring and autumn, both of similar size due to a strong upwelling event observed in September. Specific growth rates (0.35-3.8 day(-1)) were one order of magnitude higher in predator-free incubations than bacterial turnover rates derived from integrated BP:BB ratios (0.01-0.16 and 0.01-0.09 day(-1), for Leu and TdR, respectively) and were not correlated, probably due to a significant contribution of low activity cells to total standing stocks. The Leu:TdR molar ratio averaged for the water column (6.6-25.5) decreased significantly with higher integrated

Prevention of Hydrogeological Risk: The Time and Space Distribution of Catastrophic Events In A Selected Coastal Area of The Campanian Region, Italy.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esposito, E.; Porfido, S.; Violante, C.; Alaia, F.

Hydrogeological phenomena induced by rainstorm events occurring along a narrow coastal area of about 20 km, that lies between Amalfi and Salerno (Salerno Gulf), have been studied in detail. Several case histories have been reconstructed, since the XIX century, through the analysis of a wide variety of published and unpublished histor- ical and current sources, including scientific papers, archival and library documents, newspapers, state documents and available technical notes. The area develops on a uplifted region, with high gradient fluvial paths which account for the low stability of recent pyroclastic covers, related to the Somma-Vesuvio activity. The detachment of volcanic deposits is also favored by their different permeability. This study lead us to recognize at least twenty flooding phenomena of different magnitude. Among these, four particular events occurred in conjunction with exceptional daily rainfall intensity (up to 500 mm). In all cases the area involved was sufficiently large to hit numer- ous small historical villages. The rainstorms triggered several landslides, remarkable debris flows and overflowing which caused the loss of hundreds of human life and se- vere damage to the economic, social and infrastructural reality. Three flooding events followed in 25 years occurred over a relatively short time space. The first occurred on 7 October 1899, after 12-18 hours of heavy rainfall producing great damages in about twenty villages, distributed along the coast and inner areas. Eightyseven were the victims and hundreds the injuries. On 24-25 October 1910, a rainfall event lasting 35 hours induced the flooding that hit most of the coastal area between Salerno and Ravello (SA). About 400 buildings were completely destroyed, 200 were the dead and hundreds the injuries. Large landslides occurred in the villages of Cetara (SA) and Amalfi (SA). On 26 March 1924 after a heavy rainfall, sliding phenomena involving large volumes of material, occurred at Amalfi

Ancient mortars from Cape Verde: mineralogical and physical characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rocha, Fernando; Costa, Cristiana; Velosa, Ana; Quintela, Ana; Terroso, Denise; Marques, Vera

2014-05-01

Times and locations of different building constructions means different knowledge, habits, different construction methods and materials. The study and safeguarding of the architectural heritage takes nowadays a progressive importance as a vehicle for transmission of cultures and history of nations. The coatings are of great importance in the durability of a building due to the protective role of the masonry. The compatibility between the materials with which they are executed (masonry, mortar and grout settlement) promotes the proper functioning of the wall and a consequent increase in durability. Therefore, it becomes important to study and characterize the mortar coating of buildings to know its characteristics and to use compatible materials in the rehabilitation and maintenance of buildings. This study aims to characterize the chemical, physical, mechanical and mineralogical mortar samples collected in buildings in three islands of Cape Verde, for the conservation, rehabilitation and preservation of them. The collected samples belong to buildings constructed in the end of XIX century and in the beginning of XX century. In order to characterize the mortar samples some tests was made, such as X-Ray Diffraction, X- Ray Fluorescence, acid attack and mechanical strength. The samples were divided into three groups depending on origin; so we have a first group collected on the island of Santiago, the second on the island of Saint Vincent and the third on the island of Santo Antao. The samples are all carbonated, but Santiago samples have a lower carbonates content. In terms of insoluble residue (from the acid attack) it was concluded that the samples have similar value ranging from 9 to 26%. The compressive strength of the mortars have a range between 1.36 and 4.55 MPa, which is related to the presence of more binder in samples with higher resistance. The chemical and mineralogical analyzes showed that these consist of lime mortars (binder), natural pozzolan and

The Missing Memory of Canadian Sociology: Reflexive Government and "the Social Science".

PubMed

Curtis, Bruce

2016-05-01

The modest literature on the history of Canadian Sociology takes the appearance of a named academic discipline as its object. Canadian Sociology is held to have had some precursors in the 1880s, but really to appear only in the 1920s. It is described as a foreign import and as an activity first of intellectual speculation and moral reform. Observational and analytic practice are absent before 1880. The activities of state agents and government departments in the social field are not discussed. This article offers a richer account through an examination of the larger field from which Sociology was extracted, "the social science," which was practiced actively in colonial Canada from the early nineteenth century. The social science shaped and was itself shaped by colonial conditions. The article outlines three interrelated moments in social science to carry its claims: inventory-making, the emergence of "population-thinking," and "reflexive government." Attending to the social science underlines the complex and convoluted relations of sociology with state power. Les rares oeuvrages académiques portant sur l'histoire de la sociologie canadienne prend pour objet l'apparition du terme dans le contexte universitaire. Dans cet optique, ils signalent certains précurseurs de la sociologie canadienne dès les années 1880, mais en fait ils affirment que cette discipline n'apparaît que dans les années 1920. Cette discipline est présentée comme une importation académique et, d'abord et avant tout, comme de la spéculation intellectuelle et comme un projet de réforme morale. D'après cette vision, les pratiques d'observation et d'analyse sociales ne semblent pas exister avant 1880, et les acteurs politiques et administratifs sont absents du terrain. Notre article propose un examen plus riche du vaste champ duquel la sociologie académique fut arrachée: activement pratiquée au Canada à l'époque coloniale dès le début du XIXe si

The Ançã limestones, Coimbra, Portugal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quinta-Ferreira, Mário; Gil Catarino, Lídia; Delgado Rodrigues, José

2016-04-01

Ançã is located in the Lusitanian Basin (western Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basin), in the municipality of Cantanhede, close to Coimbra, Portugal. This constitutes the northernmost Dogger (Bajocian) limestone sequence in Portugal. The use of the Ançã limestones is documented since the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. It was used for the construction of houses, palaces, churches, fine sculptures, carving, paving and for the production of lime. These limestones vary from white and very soft varieties, with very high porosity used for sculpture and carving to white and hard varieties used for masonry and as aggregates and to white to bluish with low porosity and high strength varieties, mainly used for paving. The softer and whiter variety is worldwide known as Ançã Stone (Pedra de Ançã) exhibiting a porosity of 26-29 %. It became famous after being largely used by Coimbra most famous Renaissance sculptors like João de Ruão and Nicolau de Chanterenne. The Pedra de Ançã was used mainly in the region of Coimbra, but also in several other places in Portugal, in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Brazil. Some examples of heritage in Coimbra using the Pedra de Ançã are the renaissance portal of the Saint Cross Church, the tombs of the first two Portuguese kings located in this church, the altar of the Saint Cross Church or of the Old Cathedral, or in sculptures at the University of Coimbra. It is quite prone to deteriorate when exposed to atmospheric agents and to soluble salts, mainly due to its high porosity. Deteriorated surfaces needing treatment constitute difficult conservation problems, especially when consolidation and protection treatments are required. The less porous varieties of the Ançã limestones (< 20 % porosity) were mainly used for masonry, paving and production of lime. The royal Palace of Buçaco is a remarkable masonry building constructed at the end of the XIX century with the less porous varieties of the Ançã limestones

[Medicine in ancient Mesopotamia--part 1].

PubMed

Martins E Silva, J

2009-01-01

The present work summarizes the more elucidating aspects on the foundations and the practice of the medicine in Antique Mesopotamia, since the invention of the writing, more than 5000 thousand years ago, and the beginning of our era. The first part of the article includes a brief perspective about the political and social evolution that characterized those archaic civilizations, as well as the inventions and knowledge further used by the following Humanity's generations. Most of what is known on the subject, as well as the history and political-social events that occurred in the region during that remote epoch, resulted of the laborious decoding of about half a million small clay plates or fragments with text engravings in cuneiform characters that were discovered since the middle of the XIX century in the ruins of the main cities of the Babylonian and Assyrian empires. The second part embraces exclusively the main characteristics of the medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia, in its main facets: concept of disease, healers and practice. The disease was considered a divine punishment or resultant from a malign influence. In that base, the medicine began by being preventive, by the use of appropriate amulets, or by offerings or sacrifices intending to pacify those malign forces. The treatment of the generality of the diseases privileged the expulsion of those spirits and malign influences from the patient body, purifying it, which was done by the specific intervention of an ãshipu (clergyman-exorcist); not having results, the treatment was continued by the asû (practical healer) that appealed to a group of physical manipulations, limited surgical acts and the administration or application of prescriptions, resultants of the mixture of organic and inorganic substances. In case of failing, the patients (as well as individuals or rein leaders) could fall back upon a priest diviner (bârû) who, by examination of the organs of an animal especially sacrificed for the effect

Magnetic Characterization of Proposed Tektite-like Objects (Urengoites, South-Ural Glass) from Siberia, Russia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bezaeva, N. S.; Rochette, P.; Masaitis, V. L.; Badyukov, D. D.; Kosterov, A.

2017-12-01

been conducted using the facilities of St. Petersburg University Scientific Park, RCs Geomodel, DFM, and ITCN. Refs: [1] Deutsch A. et al. (1997) MAPS 32:679-686. [2] Masaitis V.L. et al. (1988) LPS XIX:728-729. [3] Koroteev V.A. et al. (1994) Zapisky Vseross. Mineral. Obsh. 123:44-48 (in Russian). [4] Rochette et al. (2015) EPSL 432:381-390.

The denitrification properties of soils under three different shelterbelts and in adjoining cultivated fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szajdak, L.; Augustin, J.; Gaca, W.; Meysner, T.; Styla, K.

2009-04-01

The investigations were carried out in Agroecological Landscape Park in Turew (40 km South-West of Poznań). Intensively agricultural is observed in this region. Characteristic features of this landscape are shelterbelts created in the XIX century by general Dezydery Chlapowski. All shelterbelts and adjoining cultivated fields were introduced on Hapludalfs soils. Three shelterbelts and adjoining cultivated fields were selected for this experiment. Two of them were created approximately 200 years ago. The first shelterbelt consists mainly of Robinia pseudoacacia and small admixture Quercus robur and Quercus petraea. The second one consists of Crataegus monogyna. The third one - a young shelterbelt was created in 1993 and consists of several species of plants such as: Quercus petraea and Quercus robur, Larix deciduas, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus intermedia, Tilia cordata and some other tree species. On soils were determinated: activity of nitrate reductase, activity of peroxidase, activity of urease and activity of xantine oxidase, total iron, Fe+3, Fe+2, total nitrogen, N-NH4+, N-NO3-, total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), current N2O, N2 and CH4 flux rates, and pH (in 1M KCl). The contents of total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, N-NO3- and N-NH4+ were higher in the soil under old shelterbelts (Robinia pseudoacacia and Crataegus monogyna) than under young one. It points out the highest accumulation of organic matter in soils under two old shelterbelts. The same also applied to the current N2O and N2 fluxes. Unlike this CH4exchange was just low everywhere. Nitrate reductase, urease, xantine oxidase and peroxidase activities participates in the cycle of nitrogen and are sensitive on redox potential in soil. The highest activity of nitrate reductase and xantine oxidase activity were observed in young shelterbelt. Activity of urease and activity of peroxidase were higher under two old shelterbelts Robinia

Snake venomics and venom gland transcriptomic analysis of Brazilian coral snakes, Micrurus altirostris and M. corallinus.

PubMed

Corrêa-Netto, Carlos; Junqueira-de-Azevedo, Inácio de L M; Silva, Débora A; Ho, Paulo L; Leitão-de-Araújo, Moema; Alves, Maria Lúcia M; Sanz, Libia; Foguel, Débora; Zingali, Russolina Benedeta; Calvete, Juan J

2011-08-24

The venom proteomes of Micrurus altirostris and M. corallinus were analyzed by combining snake venomics and venom gland transcriptomic surveys. In both coral snake species, 3FTx and PLA(2) were the most abundant and diversified toxin families. 33 different 3FTxs and 13 PLA(2) proteins, accounting respectively for 79.5% and 13.7% of the total proteins, were identified in the venom of M. altirostris. The venom of M. corallinus comprised 10 3FTx (81.7% of the venom proteome) and 4 (11.9%) PLA(2) molecules. Transcriptomic data provided the full-length amino acid sequences of 18 (M. altirostris) and 10 (M. corallinus) 3FTxs, and 3 (M. altirostris) and 1 (M. corallinus) novel PLA(2) sequences. In addition, venom from each species contained single members of minor toxin families: 3 common (PIII-SVMP, C-type lectin-like, L-amino acid oxidase) and 4 species-specific (CRISP, Kunitz-type inhibitor, lysosomal acid lipase in M. altirostris; serine proteinase in M. corallinus) toxin classes. The finding of a lipase (LIPA) in the venom proteome and in the venom gland transcriptome of M. altirostris supports the view of a recruitment event predating the divergence of Elapidae and Viperidae more than 60 Mya. The toxin profile of both M. altirostris and M. corallinus venoms points to 3FTxs and PLA(2) molecules as the major players of the envenoming process. In M. altirostris venom, all major, and most minor, 3FTxs display highest similarity to type I α-neurotoxins, suggesting that these postsynaptically acting toxins may play the predominant role in the neurotoxic effect leading to peripheral paralysis, respiratory arrest, and death. M. corallinus venom posesses both, type I α-neurotoxins and a high-abundance (26% of the venom proteome) protein of subfamily XIX of 3FTxs, exhibiting similarity to bucandin from Malayan krait, Bungarus candidus, venom, which enhances acetylcholine release presynaptically. This finding may explain the presynaptic neurotoxicity of M. corallinus venom

Entropy: A new measure of stock market volatility?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bentes, Sonia R.; Menezes, Rui

2012-11-01

When uncertainty dominates understanding stock market volatility is vital. There are a number of reasons for that. On one hand, substantial changes in volatility of financial market returns are capable of having significant negative effects on risk averse investors. In addition, such changes can also impact on consumption patterns, corporate capital investment decisions and macroeconomic variables. Arguably, volatility is one of the most important concepts in the whole finance theory. In the traditional approach this phenomenon has been addressed based on the concept of standard-deviation (or variance) from which all the famous ARCH type models - Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models- depart. In this context, volatility is often used to describe dispersion from an expected value, price or model. The variability of traded prices from their sample mean is only an example. Although as a measure of uncertainty and risk standard-deviation is very popular since it is simple and easy to calculate it has long been recognized that it is not fully satisfactory. The main reason for that lies in the fact that it is severely affected by extreme values. This may suggest that this is not a closed issue. Bearing on the above we might conclude that many other questions might arise while addressing this subject. One of outstanding importance, from which more sophisticated analysis can be carried out, is how to evaluate volatility, after all? If the standard-deviation has some drawbacks shall we still rely on it? Shall we look for an alternative measure? In searching for this shall we consider the insight of other domains of knowledge? In this paper we specifically address if the concept of entropy, originally developed in physics by Clausius in the XIX century, which can constitute an effective alternative. Basically, what we try to understand is, which are the potentialities of entropy compared to the standard deviation. But why entropy? The answer lies on the fact

Sinkhole development induced by underground quarrying, and the related hazard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parise, M.; Delle Rose, M.

2009-04-01

Sinkholes are extremely widespread in Apulia, a very flat and carbonate region, that acted as the foreland during the phases of building up of the Southern Apenninic Chain in Miocene time. This is due to the presence of soluble rocks throughout the region, that highly predispose the area to this very subtle natural hazard. In addition to the natural setting, which favours their development, sinkholes may also be induced by anthropogenic activities. In the latter sense, underground quarrying represents one of the most dangerous activities in karst areas. Apulia has a long history of quarrying. Since the roman time, the local rocks, from the Cretaceous micritic limestones to the Quaternary calcarenites, have been intensely quarried and used as building and ornamental materials. In several settings of the region, the rocks with the best petrographic characteristics are located at depths ranging from a few to some tens of meters. This caused the opening of many underground quarries, and the development of a complex network of subterranean galleries. Underground quarrying had a great impulse at the turn between the XIX and the XX century, when a large number of quarries was opened. Later on, after the Second World War, most of the quarries were progressively abandoned, even because of the first signs of instability, both underground and at the ground surface. With time, the memory of the presence and development of the underground quarries was progressively lost, with severe repercussions on the safety of the land above the excavated areas. Lack of knowledge of the subterranean pattern of galleries, combined with the expansion of the built-up areas at the surface, resulted in increasing significantly the vulnerability of exposed elements at risk. Events such as the 29 March, 2007, at Gallipoli only by chance did not result in any casualties, when a 15-mt wide and 5-mt deep sinkhole opened in a few hours at a road crossing, above the site of an old underground quarry

Avulsion at a drift-dominated mesotidal estuary: The Chubut River outlet, Patagonia, Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isla, Federico; Espinosa, Marcela; Rubio, Belén; Escandell, Alejandra; Gerpe, Marcela; Miglioranza, Karina; Rey, Daniel; Vilas, Federico

2015-10-01

The Chubut River flows from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean, and is interrupted by a single dam built at the middle valley. The lower valley is dominated by the aggradation of an alluvial plain induced by a complex of spits that enclosed the inlet in the last 5000 years. The river has reduced its flow because the blocking of the upper basin by terminal moraines during the Upper Pleistocene. At least the last two marine transgressions have flooded this estuary, and contributed to the aggradation during regressions. The area is of particular interest in regard to irrigation channels practiced since the XIX century. Today, the mean monthly flow is less than 10 m3/s although peaks of 95 m3/s have been recorded in Gaiman in July 2001. The dynamics of the estuary is dominated by waves (wave-dominated estuary) as tidal effects attenuate in less than 5 km. Three vibracores were collected within this floodplain: (a) at Gaiman, an area without any effect of the sea (35 km from the coast); (b) at Trelew, at the former avulsion plain of the river (18 km from the coast); and (c) at Playa Magagna, a saltmarsh located 0.4 km from the beach. At the Gaiman core (1.54 m long) fresh-water epiphytic diatoms dominate (Epithemia sorex, Cocconeis placentula, Ulnaria ulna) suggesting the aggradation of an alluvial plain. The Trelew core (2.19 m long) was collected from a deltaic plain. It was composed by fine sand with organic matter at the base that evolved into silty layers to the top. Several unconformities and laminae with heavy minerals were detected by their geochemical composition analysed by micro X-ray fluorescence (Itrax XRF core scanner). Fine-sand laminated layers were perfectly detected by their high content in S and Cl. On the other hand, mud layers presented lower content in Mg and Al with increments in Ca and V. The core from the marsh area (1.67 m long) was analysed in terms of the diatom evolution in order to detect Holocene sea-level and salinity effects. The sand flats

Quaternary glacial landforms and evolution in the Cantabrian Mountains (Northern Spain): a synthesis from current data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serrano, Enrique; José González-Trueba, Juan; Pellitero, Ramón; González-García, María; Gómez-Lende, Manuel

2014-05-01

In Northern Iberian Peninsula are located the Cantabrian Mountains, a mountain system of 450 km length, reaching 2648 m in the Picos de Europa. It is an Atlantic mountain in the North slope, with a Atlantic Mediterranean transitional climate in the South slope.More than thirty-five massifs developed glaciers during the Pleistocene. Studies on glacial morphology are known from the XIX century and they have focused mainly on the maximum extent of glaciers. Nowadays there are detailed geomorphological maps, morphostratigraphic surveys and estimation of Equilibrium Line Altitude in different massifs and on different stages. During the last decade studies on glacial evolution and glaciation phases have been made, and the first chronological data have been published. In this work we presents the reconstruction of the glacial evolution in the Cantabrian Mountains during the Pleistocene and Holocene, based on recent chronological data (30 dates made using OSL, AMS and C14) and morphostratigraphic correlations obtained by several research groups. The number of reconstructed glacial stages varies among the different massifs, form one to four different stages. The highest massifs located in the central portion of the Cantabrian Mountains have the most complex glacial features, with at least four different moraine complexes stepped between the 400 m a.s.l in the Northern slope and 800 m a.s.l. in the Southern slope for the lowest moraine complexes, and the highest and youngest, located above 2100 m a.s.l. An ancient glacial phase has been pointed to MIS 12 -more than 400 ka-, disconnected from the present day glacial morphology. During Upper Pleistocene three main stages have been identified. The first one, the local glacial maximum, could be prior to the LGM, as all dates refer to chronologies prior to 28-38 ka. Some authors locate this stage prior to 45 and 65 ka, during the 50-70 ka cold stage. It could be a wet stage, when the main fronts reached the Iberian Peninsula from

Analysis of extreme hydrological phenomena in southern Italy (Calabria region)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caloiero, Tommaso; Aceto, Luigi; Aurora Pasqua, A.; Petrucci, Olga

2017-04-01

Calabria (southern Italy) is a region exposed to the effects of contrasting climatic and hydrological phenomena. In fact, due to its oblong shape, to its position in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin, and for its mountainous nature, Calabria shows a high spatial variability of the climatic features and of related phenomena such as floods and drought. The present paper is based on the historical database ASICal (Historically flooded areas in Calabria), a catalogue of effects of floods and rain-related landslides that occurred in the region since the XIX Century. The catalogue has been built using the typical historical data sources as chronicles, diaries, historical books, local and regional agencies, press archives, scientific papers, and documents of civil protection offices. From these sources, we selected information on damage caused by rain related phenomena at a municipal scale and chronologically sorted by year, month and day. The analysis of the entire catalogue allows highlighting the regional Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE), defined as periods of intense rain causing damage on regional sectors conventionally selected as larger than 30% of the entire regional territory. For each event, as a measure of the magnitude of rainfall, the return period of the daily rainfall recorded during the event has been evaluated. In addition, we recently carried out a similar historical research to identify the main drought events affecting the region. In this case, due to the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought, data are collected both at municipal and regional scale, and the temporal scale is generally monthly or annual. For each event, we used as climatic descriptors a drought index for monitoring drought phenomena. Among drought indices, we used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) which can be considered the most robust and effective, since it can be calculated for different time-scales and can be used to analyse different drought categories

Adolescent pregnancy and transition to adulthood in young users of the SUS.

PubMed

Vieira, Elisabeth Meloni; Bousquat, Aylene; Barros, Claudia Renata Dos Santos; Alves, Maria Cecilia Goi Porto

2017-03-30

parceiro e ter saído da casa dos pais - foram consideradas marcadores da transição da dependência para a independência, da juventude para a vida adulta. Na análise dos fatores associados, utilizou-se o modelo de Poisson com variância robusta. A idade média foi 17,3 anos, a maioria coabitava com o companheiro; aproximadamente metade engravidou do primeiro parceiro e a idade média da primeira relação sexual foi 14,6 anos. Apenas 19% das jovens estudavam e o abandono escolar foi, na maior parte, anterior ao início da gestação. Nas análises bivariadas e na análise múltipla, observou-se que relacionar-se com o parceiro há mais de dois anos se associou às três variáveis dependentes. O caminho de transição para a vida adulta foi o estabelecimento de um vínculo com um parceiro e consequente maternidade, sugerindo padrão claro de tutela masculina. A mudança do papel da mulher na sociedade observada nos últimas décadas, que implica optar por uma carreira profissional, definir número de filhos e escolher o(s) parceiro(s),não chegou a parcela dessas jovens.

Persistent pollution of Warta river catchment with chromium: case study from central Poland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hermanski, S.; Lukaczynski, I.; Nikiel, G.; Mizera, J.; Dulinski, M.; Kania, J.; Rozanski, K.; Szklarczyk, T.; Wachniew, P.; Witczak, S.; Zurek, A.

2012-04-01

Upper reaches of the Warta river, the third largest river in Poland, are located in a densely populated and industrialized area, with presence of heavy industry going back to the second half of the XIX century. Industrial activities include iron smelters in towns of Częstochowa and Zawiercie, large chemical plants (Rudniki and Aniolow) producing predominantly chromium compounds, paper and textile industry, as well as large number of small enterprises specialized in metal coatings (nickel and chromium). Until the 1960s all the industrial and municipal effluents in the region were discharged into the Warta river and its tributaries. Solid wastes were dumped on the surface, mostly without appropriate cover and isolation. This resulted in progressive contamination of surface waters and groundwater with heavy metals, mostly chromium. The upper reaches of the Warta river are located on top of upper Jurassic Major Groundwater Basin (MGWB 326 which is one of four most important groundwater reservoirs in Poland. Almost all potable water demands in the area (ca. 340,000 inhabitants, 800 factories and enterprises) are covered by MGWB 326 (50 deep wells with the average extraction rate of 57,000 m3/d). As the MGWB 326 is mostly phreatic, it has been recognized since long time that persistent pollution of the upper catchment of the Warta river with heavy metals may pose serious thread to quality of this important groundwater resource. In this presentation we summarize the work carried out to date, focused on characterization of the extent and understanding of the mechanisms of pollution of surface water, sediments and groundwater in MGWB 326 with chromium. Historical monitoring data of the levels of chromium in the Warta river and its tributaries are presented, supplemented by the results of measurements of Cr loads in Warta over-bank deposits and Cr levels in groundwater production wells in the area. Three conceptual models of spreading of chromium in the catchment of Warta

Monitoring the Lavina di Roncovetro (RE, Italy) landslide by integrating traditional monitoring systems and multiple high-resolution topographic datasets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fornaciai, Alessandro; Favalli, Massimiliano; Gigli, Giovanni; Nannipieri, Luca; Mucchi, Lorenzo; Intieri, Emanuele; Agostini, Andrea; Pizziolo, Marco; Bertolini, Giovanni; Trippi, Federico; Casagli, Nicola; Schina, Rosa; Carnevale, Ennio

2016-04-01

Tha Lavina di Roncovetro landslide is located in the Enza Valley (Reggio Emilia, Italy). It extends from the top of Mount Staffola down to the Tassobbio River. Since the clay fraction is dominant, it follows that the landslide can be considered as a fluid-viscous mudflow, which can reach a down flow maximum rate of 10 m/day. The landslide started between the middle and the end of the XIX century and since then it has had a rapid evolution mainly characterized by the rapid retrogression of the crown to the extent that now reaches the top of Mount Staffola. In the last 20 years, about 100,000 m3 of bedrock descended from the main scarp into the landslide body. The total volume of the landslide is inferred to be of ~ 3×106 m3. In the frame of EU Wireless Sensor Network for Ground Instability Monitoring - Wi-GIM project (LIFE12 ENV/IT/001033), the Roncovetro landslide is periodically monitored by traditional monitoring systems and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey. In addition, an airborne LIDAR survey and a photographic acquisition from a small aircraft were carried out on April 2014 and October 2014, respectively. The traditional monitoring system consists of a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) survey and a robotized total station (RTS). TLS acquisitions have focused on the upper and more active sector of the earthflow and were carried out since May 2014. By comparing TLS data taken at different times, the general deformational field of the landslide can be reconstructed and the displacements affecting the retaining structures built on the landslide crown quantified. The time resolution of both TLS and RTS acquisition is about 6 per year. . Three high-resolution photogrammetric surveys performed using an UAV were carried out on November 2014, July 2015 and January 2016. Starting from the acquired photos and applying photogrammetry and Structure From Motion (SFM) algorithms integrated in the Photoscan Agisoft software, the high-resolution 3D models of the

The diversity of mud volcanoes in the landscape of Azerbaijan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rashidov, Tofig

2014-05-01

As the natural phenomenon the mud volcanism (mud volcanoes) of Azerbaijan are known from the ancient times. The historical records describing them are since V century. More detail study of this natural phenomenon had started in the second half of XIX century. The term "mud volcano" (or "mud hill") had been given by academician H.W. Abich (1863), more exactly defining this natural phenomenon. All the previous definitions did not give such clear and capacious explanation of it. In comparison with magmatic volcanoes, globally the mud ones are restricted in distribution; they mainly locate within the Alpine-Himalayan, Pacific and Central Asian mobile belts, in more than 30 countries (Columbia, Trinidad Island, Italy, Romania, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Pakistan, Indonesia, Burma, Malaysia, etc.). Besides it, the zones of mud volcanoes development are corresponded to zones of marine accretionary prisms' development. For example, the South-Caspian depression, Barbados Island, Cascadia (N.America), Costa-Rica, Panama, Japan trench. Onshore it is Indonesia, Japan, and Trinidad, Taiwan. The mud volcanism with non-accretionary conditions includes the areas of Black Sea, Alboran Sea, the Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana coast), Salton Sea. But new investigations reveal more new mud volcanoes and in places which were not considered earlier as the traditional places of mud volcanoes development (e.g. West Nile Rive delta). Azerbaijan is the classic region of mud volcanoes development. From over 800 world mud volcanoes there are about 400 onshore and within the South-Caspian basin, which includes the territory of East Azerbaijan (the regions of Shemakha-Gobustan and Low-Kura River, Absheron peninsula), adjacent water area of South Caspian (Baku and Absheron archipelagoes) and SW Turkmenistan and represents an area of great downwarping with thick (over 25 km) sedimentary series. Generally, in the modern relief the mud volcanoes represent more or less large uplifts

Biostereometrics In Art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferenc, Kovats

1986-07-01

'un artiste doue. Liais nous retournerons encore a cet argument. Avec un objet d'art l'artiste registe un seul moment dune serie de mouvements de son sujet, spit en deux dimensions, s'il est peintre on graveur , dessinateur etc., spit en trois dimensions s'il est sculpteur.i:algre cela , il y a beaucoup d'oeuvresd'art dyna-miques, qui donnent l'impression de mouvement.On pent produire cet effetavec la ROMDOSi-tion des mouvements non simultanees , comme par exemple sur les tableaux de XIX 'si8cle representant des concours hyppiques, on les extremit-ees des chevaux sort distandue an maximum en avant et en arriere; c'est un mode de galop inexistant, mais malgr6, qu'il est faux, it suggere la vitesse.

Stages of Geoinformation Evolution Related to the Territories Described in the Bible - from the 3Rd Millennium B.C. to Modern Times

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linsenbarth, Adam

2012-09-01

onomastikon św. Hieronima. Do jed- nych z najstarszych map Palestyny należy mozaikowa mapa odnaleziona na posadzce kościoła w Madabie pochodząca z roku 565. Szybki rozwój kartografii biblijnej nastąpił w wieku XVI i XVI. kiedy to słynni kartografowie Mercator i Ortelius opracowali wiele map Palestyny. Kartografowie z wielu krajów Europy, w ciągu minionych stuleci, opracowali ponad 6 tysięcy map biblijnych przedstawiających terytoria i wydarzenia biblijne. Nowoczesne mapy. oparte na pomiarach topograficznych, zaczęto wydawać w drugiej połowie XIX wieku oraz w wieku XX.

EIT Crinkles as Evidence for the Breakout Model of Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.

2001-01-01

We present observations of two homologous flares in NOAA Active Region 8210 occurring on 1998 May 1 and 2, using EUV data from the EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, high-resolution and high-time cadence images from the soft X-ray telescope on Yohkoh, images or fluxes from the hard X-ray telescope on Yohkoh and the BATSE experiment on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, and Ca(XIX) soft X-ray spectra from the Bragg crystal spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. Magnetograms indicate that the flares occurred in a complex magnetic topology, consisting of an emerging flux region (EFR) sandwiched between a sunspot to the west and a coronal hole to the east. In an earlier study we found that in EIT images, both flaring episodes showed the formation of a crinkle-like pattern of emission (EIT crinkles) occurring in the coronal hole vicinity, well away from a central 'core field' area near the EFR-sunspot boundary. With our expanded data set, here we find that most of the energetic activity occurs in the core region in both events, with some portions of the core brightening shortly after the onset of the EIT crinkles, and other regions of the core brightening several minutes later, coincident with a burst of hard X-rays; there are no obvious core brightenings prior to the onset of the EIT crinkles. These timings are consistent with the 'breakout model' of solar eruptions, whereby the emerging flux is initially constrained by a system of overlying magnetic field lines, and is able to erupt only after an opening develops in the overlying fields as a consequence of magnetic reconnection at a magnetic null point. In our case, the EIT crinkles would be a signature of this pre-impulsive phase magnetic reconnection, and brightening of the core only occurs after the core fields begin to escape through the newly created opening in the overlying fields. Morphology in soft X-ray images and properties in hard X-rays differ between the two events

EIT Crinkles as Evidence for the Breakout Model of Solar Eruptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, R. L.; Whitaker, Ann F. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

We present observations of two homologous flares in NOAA active region 8210 occurring on 1998 May 1 and May 2, using EUV data from the Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), high-resolution and high-time cadence images from the soft X-ray telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh, images or fluxes from the hard X-ray telescope (HXT) on Yohkoh and the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), and Ca xix soft X-ray spectra from the Bragg crystal spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. Magnetograms indicate that the flares occurred in a complex magnetic topology, consisting of an emerging flux region (EFR) sandwiched between a sunspot to the west and a coronal hole to the east. In an earlier study we found that in EIT images, both flaring episodes showed the formation of a crinkle-like pattern of emission ("EIT crinkles") occurring in the coronal hole vicinity, well away from a central "core field" area near the EFR-sunspot boundary. With our expanded data set, here we find that most of the energetic activity occurs in the core region in both events, with some portions of the core brightening shortly after the onset of the EIT crinkles, and other regions of the core brightening several minutes later, coincident with a burst of hard X-rays: there are no obvious core brightenings prior to the onset of the EIT crinkles. These timings are consistent with the "breakout model" of solar eruptions, whereby the emerging flux is initially constrained by a system of overlying magnetic field lines, and is able to erupt only after an opening develops in the overlying fields as a consequence of magnetic reconnection at a magnetic null point. In our case, the EIT crinkles would be a signature of this pre-impulsive-phase magnetic reconnection, and brightening of the core only occurs after the core fields begin to escape through the newly-created opening in the overlying fields. Morphology in soft X-ray images and properties

[Historical context of parasitological studies in tropical area, malaria as an example].

PubMed

Lonc, Elzbieta; Płonka-Syroka, Bozena

2007-01-01

Review paper deals with the historical analysis of intellectual activity of some famous parasitologists working in tropics on malaria in the XIX/XX century: A. Laveran (1845-1922), R. Ross (1857-1932), P. Manson (1844-1922), B. Grassi (1854-1925), and other Nobelprize researchers: P. H. Müller (1899-1965) and J. W. von Jauregg (1857-1940). Those chief investigations are interpreted from the point of view of the so-called anthropology of knowledge based on L. Fleck's (1896-1961) philosophy and sociology of science. Parasitological investigations, especially in the field of malaria, were undertaken in the developed economically countries in answer to the social demands. It was connected with development of colonies and the needs of stabilization of epidemiological situation in tropics. To mid of the eigthies of 19th century the lack of positive effects resulted from the theoretical barriers and conservative thinking style of the European academic society. It caused that great parasitological discoveries of the etiological agents of parasitic diseases (like plasmodia, life cycle in malaria) took place behind university circles. They were done by the physicians - general practitioners--in the colony areas. Doctors A. Laveran, P. Manson and R. Ross were not restricted by traditional standards and the obliging normative concepts in the academic naturalism. Those medical men worked out a new impulse for parasitology and supported an idea based on the rule that each disease should be assigned with the materialistic biological factor (pathogen). In the years 1800-1900 the old and a new concepts were competed in the natural sciences and medicine. Near year 1900 a new way in the context of modern interpretations was brought into general use. It was proved experimentally that etiological theory of parasitic disease was more practically usuful. It resulted in the formation of the effective prophylactic theory as well as the development of research in the field of chemotherapy

Soil Materials and Health: An new experience for teaching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Del Hoyo Martínez, Carmen

2014-05-01

clays in the field of the health is a source to develop numerous studies of cases in the teaching of different subjects related to the geoscience and a new opportunity to connect the learning with the reality. References -Carretero, MI 2002. Clay Minerals and Their Beneficial Effects upon Human Health. A review. Appl. Clay Sci. 21, pp. 155-163. -Choy, J.H., Choi, S.J., Oh, J.M., Park, T. 2007. Clay minerals and layered double hydroxides for novel biological applications. Appl. Clay Sci. 36 pp. 122-132. -Del Hoyo, C. 2007. Layered double hydroxides and human health: An overview. Appl. Clay Sci. 36, pp. 103-121. -Lopez-Galindo, A., Viseras Iborra, C. & Cerezo Gonzalez, P. 2005. Arcillas y salud. In: Conferencias de la XIX Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de Arcillas. Rives, Ed., pp. 15-18.

Soapstones from the Ossola Valley (Piedmont, northern Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavallo, Alessandro

2017-04-01

The term "soapstones" is referred to "soft", easily workable stones (talc and/or chlorite-rich metamorphic rocks, deriving from mafic - ultramafic protoliths), typically used for jars, pots and pipes. The term has been also improperly extended to "harder" varieties (e.g. serpentinites), mostly suitable for roof slabs and millstones. These rocks are characterized by easy workability and fire-resistance, and they had a remarkable historical, artistic and archaeological importance. In the Ossola region (Piedmont, northern Italy), the soapstones are traditionally known as "Pietra Laugera", "Pietra Lavizzaria" or "Pietra Ollare", and represent one of the oldest stony raw materials used since the Bronze Age (archaeological find in the Toceno surroundings, Vigezzo Valley). The discovery of archaeological handmade objects in the surroundings of the Ossola Valley testifies a massive use of green stones during the I century A.D., even for cinerary urns and grave outfits. A lot of two handles pots and milk vessels date back to the Middle Ages, as well as millstones and water pipes. Artistic and ornamental uses are documented in churches and civil buildings: for example, columns, capitals, pilasters and bas-reliefs (Sacro Monte del Calvario chapels, now UNESCO heritage, and the Collegiale Church in Domodossola) as well as fireplaces (e.g. Silva Palace in Domodossola), sculptures, ornaments and balustrades. The productivity reached the top in the XIX century and stopped in the twenties; nowadays the extraction occurs only in the Loana Valley, with a very limited production. The historical soapstones derive both from ophiolitic complexes (Antrona and Zermatt-Saas Zones) and from the ultramafic complexes within the Orselina-Moncucco-Isorno Zone, Monte Leone nappe and Sesia-Lanzo Zone. The historical quarries are usually small (even erratic boulders), and scattered over many lateral valleys, such as Brevettola, Antrona, Bognanco and Loana. A total of 52 representative samples were

Strings: A possible alternative explanation for the Unification of Gravitation Field and Electromagnetic Field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivera, Susana

Throughout the last century, since the last decades of the XIX century, until present day, there had been many attempts to achieve the unification of the Forces of Nature. First unification was done by James Clerk Maxwell, with his Electromagnetic Theory. Then Max Plank developed his Quantum Theory. In 1905, Albert Einstein gave birth to the Special Relativity Theory, and in 1916 he came out with his General Relativity Theory. He noticed that there was an evident parallelism between the Gravitational Force, and the Electromagnetic Force. So, he tried to unify these forces of Nature. But Quantum Theory interposed on his way. On the 1940’s it had been developed the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), and with it, the unified field theory had an arise interest. On the 60’s and 70’s there was developed the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Along with these theories came the discovery of the strong interaction force and weak interaction force. And though there had been many attempts to unify all these forces of the nature, it could only be achieved the Unification of strong interaction, weak interaction and Electromagnetic Force. On the late 80”s and throughout the last two decades, theories such as “super-string theory”, “or the “M-theory”, among others, groups of Scientists, had been doing grand efforts and finally they came out with the unification of the forces of nature, being the only limitation the use of more than 11 dimensions. Using an ingenious mathematical tool known as the super symmetries, based on the Kaluza - Klein work, they achieve this goal. The strings of these theories are in the rank of 10-33 m. Which make them undetectable. There are many other string theories. The GEUFT theory is based on the existence of concentrated energy lines, which vibrates, expands and contracts, submitting and absorbing energy, matter and antimatter, and which yields a determined geometry, that gives as a result the formation of stars, galaxies, nebulae, clusters

On the relationship between cardboard burning in a sunshine recorder and the direct solar irradiance.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanchez, A.; Calbó, J.; González, J. A.

2012-04-01

Since the end of XIX century, the Campbell-Stokes recorder (CSR) has been the instrument used to measure the insolation (hours of sunshine during per day). Due to the large number of records that exist worldwide (some of them extending over more than 100 years), valuable climatic information can be extracted from them. There are various articles that relate the insolation with the cloudiness and the global solar irradiation (Angstrom-Prescott type formulas). Theoretically, the insolation is defined as the number of hours that direct solar irradiance (DSI) exceeds 120 W/m2, thus corresponding to the total length of the burning in the bands. The width of the burn has not been well studied, so the aim of this research is to relate this width, first with the DSI and then, with other variables. The research was carried out in Girona (NE Spain) for a period extending since February 2011. A CSR from Thies Clima and a pyrheliometer from Kipp&Zonen were used to measure insolation and the direct solar irradiance. Other meteorological variables were also stored for the study. For each band, we made two independent measurements of the width of the burn every 10 minutes: first, we measured directly the width of the perforated portion of the burn; second, we measured the width of the burn after applying a digital image process that increases the contrast of the burn. The burn in a band has a direct relationship with the DSI. Specifically, correlation coefficients of the perforation width and the burning width with DSI were 0.838 and 0.864 respectively. However, we found that there are times when despite of DSI is as high as 400 W/m2 (i.e. much greater than 120 W/m2), there is no burn in the band. Contrarily, sometimes a burn occurs with almost no DSI. Furthermore, a higher DSI does not always correspond to a wider burn of the band. Because of this, we consider that characteristics of band burns must also depend on other meteorological variables (temperature, humidity...). The

Improved Digitization of Lunar Mare Ridges with LROC Derived Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowell, J. M.; Robinson, M. S.; Watters, T. R.; Bowman-Cisneros, E.; Enns, A. C.; Lawrence, S.

2011-12-01

in some cases, the lengths and orientations of previously digitized ridges were different than those of the ridges digitized in this study. This method of multi-map digitizing allows for a greater accuracy in spatial characterization of mare ridges than previous methods. We intend to map mare ridges on a global scale, creating a more comprehensive ridge map due to higher resolution. References Cited: [1] Schultz P.H. (1976) Moon Morphology, 308. [2] Wilhelms D.E. (1987) USGS Prof. Paper 1348, 5A-B. [3] Carr, M.H. (1966) USGS Geologic Atlas of the Moon, I-498. [4] Robinson M.S. (2010) Space Sci. Rev., 150:82. [5] Scholten F. et al. (2011) LPSC XLII, 2046. [6] Fielder G. and Kiang T. (1962) The Observatory: No. 926, 8. [7] Watters T.R. and Konopliv A.S. (2001) Planetary and Space Sci. 49. 743-748. [8] Aubele J.C. (1988) LPSC XIX, 19.

Assessment of vertical soil solid phase transport (pedoturbations) in different types of land use by magnetic tracer method (Belgorod region, Russia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhidkin, Andrey

2015-04-01

New method of quantitative assessments of vertical soil solid phase transport (pedoturbations) is based on redistribution of spherical magnetic particles (SMP) in soil profiles. SMP - are fly ash components, which mainly produce during coal burning. The main sources of SMP on studied object were locomotives on the railroads, which used coal at the turn of the XIX century. SMP income into the soil only from the atmosphere, very stable for destructions, can be preserved in soils for centuries, and have the same size and weight as the soil matter. So SMP redistribution reflects soil solid phase transport. SMP used as tracers of soil erosion (Olson et.al., 2013), but for the first time applied for quantitative assessments of pedoturbations. In Belgorod region of Russia studied vertical distribution of SMP in soils in different types of land use: a) arable chernozem about 160-year plowing, b) arable chernozem 120-year plowing, c) dark-gray forest soil, which didn't plow at least last 150 years. All three sites are located nearby for the same physical-geography conditions. Distribution of SMP studied layer by layer (thickness of the layer 7 cm) from the top to 70 cm depth, in triplicate soil columns in every land use type (totally 90 soil samples). The period of SMP kept in studied soils is about 115 years. Revealed the different depth of SMP penetration (burial) in soil profiles for this period: 49 cm in the soil of 160-year arable land, 58 cm in the soil of 120-year arable land and 68 cm in the virgin forest soil. Different depth of SMP penetration is connected with different activity of pedoturbations, which differs according to the composition of soil flora and fauna, root activity, and animal mixing work. It is supposed that in the arable land single cropping can reduce the thickness of the active layer and as a result the zone of active pedoturbation depth. Based on SMP distribution counted rates of vertical soil solid phase transport, which are equaled: 31 t

Carlos Chagas: biographical sketch.

PubMed

Moncayo, Alvaro

2010-01-01

Carlos Chagas was born on 9 July 1878 in the farm "Bon Retiro" located close to the City of Oliveira in the interior of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He started his medical studies in 1897 at the School of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro. In the late XIX century, the works by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch induced a change in the medical paradigm with emphasis in experimental demonstrations of the causal link between microbes and disease. During the same years in Germany appeared the pathological concept of disease, linking organic lesions with symptoms. All these innovations were adopted by the reforms of the medical schools in Brazil and influenced the scientific formation of Chagas. Chagas completed his medical studies between 1897 and 1903 and his examinations during these years were always ranked with high grades. Oswaldo Cruz accepted Chagas as a doctoral candidate and directed his thesis on "Hematological studies of Malaria" which was received with honors by the examiners. In 1903 the director appointed Chagas as research assistant at the Institute. In those years, the Institute of Manguinhos, under the direction of Oswaldo Cruz, initiated a process of institutional growth and gathered a distinguished group of Brazilian and foreign scientists. In 1907, he was requested to investigate and control a malaria outbreak in Lassance, Minas Gerais. In this moment Chagas could not have imagined that this field research was the beginning of one of the most notable medical discoveries. Chagas was, at the age of 28, a Research Assistant at the Institute of Manguinhos and was studying a new flagellate parasite isolated from triatomine insects captured in the State of Minas Gerais. Chagas made his discoveries in this order: first the causal agent, then the vector and finally the human cases. These notable discoveries were carried out by Chagas in twenty months. At the age of 33 Chagas had completed his discoveries and published the scientific articles that gave him world

HOW TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN NOTE 6: POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM IN TRANSLATIONAL SURGERY - UNIFESP.

PubMed

Sabino-Neto, Miguel; Ferreira, Lydia Masako

2015-01-01

To show the way to reach and stay in note 6 in the evaluation process of Medicine III of CAPES. Capes determinations were reviewed concerning this topic, grades 6 and 7, and also the difficulties and facilities of running a program that amounted to Note 6 after restructuring and being in compliance with regulations. The main points to achieve and maintain Note 6 were: 1) regular production of master's and doctoral theses with appropriate distribution among all teachers; 2) average time of appropriate titration, as well as strict selection of students who resets the withdrawals and cancellations; 3) production of scientific articles in high impact journals and with academic and student participation in most part; 4) progressive and substantial increase in fundraising and patent search; 5) progressive increase in international exchanges with joint production; 6) visibility through new bilingual website and updated weekly; 7) numerous solidarity activities in research, but also in health services for the population and even in basic education; 8) rigorous selection of students (through design analysis, curriculum and teacher training program); 9) maintenance of high levels teachers production; 10) preparing new teachers for guidance through participation as co-supervision and involvement in the program to fit the needs. The Postgraduate Program in Translational Surgery went through difficult times; was submitted to a series of measures, adjustments, cooperation and understanding of the teaching staff, that took the program from note 3 - and almost closing - to a level of excellence keeping note 6 for three consecutive three-year periods of evaluation. Mostrar o caminho para alcançar e se manter na nota 6 no processo de avaliação da Medicina III da Capes. Foram revisadas as determinações da Capes concernentes ao tema, conceitos 6 e 7, e também as dificuldades e facilidades próprias da execução de um programa que ascendeu à nota 6 após reestruturação e

The Morphologic Evolution of the Amazon Coastal Plain, Cabo Norte, Amapa, Brazil: The Need for Integrated Investigation on the Internal Continental Shelf.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silveira, O.; Santos, V. F.; Takiyama, L. R.

2007-05-01

refers to the coastal zone between the Amapa Grande River and Araguari River, including Maraca Island and the Oriental lacustrine Belt. Westward the island, at least three paleolevels of clays with roots in life position suggests regressive/transgressive events. Extraordinaty paleodrainage network beginnig at the continent and recognized at the insular portion suggests links with the paleochannels found at the continental shelf. The Oriental Belt of lakes is located close to the coastline, at Cabo Norte. It main feature is a mud lump approximately 10 Km ratio, well recognized at the remote sensing. It shows similar evolutionary processes with Araguari River, dating from XIX century, when this river had two mouths defined by the Carpori Island. The reasons of the deactivation are still unknowed, but, this rapid morphological evolution indicates short time colmatation processes that can be linked to tectonic regional processes. On the other hand, the Cabo Norte feature consolidation may impose changes in the sedimentation processes yielding space reduction over the coastal plain accumulation, diminishing of the solid and liquid fluvial discharge and promoting the availability of the local sediment transport over the littoral. The investigation of these processes requires an integrated coastal plain-continental shelf morphological study applying adequate techniques for modification studies and dating ages over short geological time frame, in century scale level.

2000 years of human activity in Tuchola Pinewoods (northern Poland)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obremska, Milena; Ott, Florian; Słowiński, Michał; Lutyńska, Monika; Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław; Brauer, Achim

2014-05-01

conditions forcing the people to give up their settlement and move. The second time of a significant increase of human activities began in Late Medieval time and lasted to the modern time. Pollen analysis shows the beginning of strong deforestation since XV century with the most intensification during industrial revolution (second part XIX century) where pine trees became the dominant species. Intense clear cutting in the lake's vicinity removed its natural "windshelter" and exposed the lake to longer lasting water column mixing. As a consequence varves nearly disappeared whereas the detrital indicators (e.g. Ti) increased due to an open landscape around the lake. The diatom analysis for the last 2000 years revealed several temporary changes for different species. Strongest fluctuation occurred for the species Stephanodiscus parvus and Cyclotella comensis where the latter show similar occurrences as Tetraedron (Chlorophyta). Recent lake monitoring (including diatom analysis) together with hydrological and meteorological data will help to understand under which conditions different diatom species form. This knowledge will be crucial for the interpretation of past changes. This study is a contribution to the Virtual Institute ICLEA (Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analysis) funded by the Helmholtz Association. The research was supported by the National Science Centre Poland (grant NCN 2011/01/B/ST10/07367).

"Dynamic Geodiversity" of glacial environments: new techniques for monitoring landscape variations on Alpine areas. Examples from the Gran Paradiso National Park

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertotto, Stefania; Giardino, Marco; Perotti, Luigi; Mortara, Giovanni; Baroni, Carlo

2014-05-01

The importance of keeping memory of past morpho-climatic events is particular evident in recently deglaciated areas. The survival of glaciers is now very uncertain, due to climate changes and related effects occurring in the last decades. In the Western Alps, many glaciers are now extinct or show a dramatic reduction of area and thickness. Permafrost and periglacial areas are also responding promptly to climate changes as glaciers do, but they are not good "visual" indicators of climate changes, because they are not easily recognizable. Indeed, Italian glacial elements are constantly monitored by the Italian Glaciological Committe (CGI) in the last two centuries. The volunteers of CGI constantly monitor variations of glacier snout position of a great majority of Italian glaciers. CGI is not only a very important source of historical documentation and information, but also a very important scientific reference of the studies conducted in glacial areas. Particularly, thanks to CGI, it was created an inventory of Italian glaciers was created. Anyway, due to recent rapid changes, it is difficult to quickly update the inventory, also considering the difficulty of reaching alpine high mountain areas. The recent use of Geomatics in geological and geomorphological studies can be applied to evaluate landform changes in glacial and periglacial areas. The combination of remote sensing and on field techniques (i.e. aerial photogrammetry, GPS, Terrestrial photogrammetry, satellite images and LiDaR) provides constant monitoring of landform changes and updating inventories. The Gran Paradiso National Park (Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Regions, Western Italian Alps) represents an excellent example of conservation of geodiversity. Many key-elements of the high mountain landscape are present here: glaciers, glacial cirques, rock glaciers, moraines (not only from Holocene, but also from Little Ice Age, of XVI-XIX centuries), steepled peaks, rock walls, roche moutonnée, ravines, debris

Asbestos exposure during quarrying and processing of serpentinites: a case study in Valmalenco, Central Alps, Northern Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavallo, A.; Rimoldi, B.

2012-04-01

Serpentinites are metamorphic rocks derived from ultramafics such as peridotites (lherzolites and/or harzburgites), with a typical mineralogical assemblage of antigorite, olivine, diopside and minor magnetite, chlorite and chrysotile. If the rock mass has good geotechnical properties, these stones are quarried because of their wide variety of green shades and outstanding technical properties. Excellent stones are produced in the Malenco Valley, Central Alps (northern Italy, Sondrio): here the geological set-up is dominated by the ultramafic Malenco massif (lower crust-mantle complex), exposed at the Penninic to Austroalpine boundary zone. Different processing operations give origin to valuable products like stoves, funeral monuments, design home appliances; important building element as roof slabs, tiles for floor and wall coverings constitute the main commercial line of production. In this area, good quality long fibre chrysotile asbestos was mined since the XIX century, till the seventies. The asbestos fissures (mostly slip-fiber) are well known in Valmalenco, associated to an important ENE-WSW striking fracture and hydrothermal vein system. Some actual serpentinite quarries "cross" at times tunnels of the old asbestos mines, because the fracture and vein system "guides" the extraction. At present time, this area represents an excellent example of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). For these reasons, workers' exposure to asbestos during quarrying and processing cannot be ruled out, and must be assessed according to national laws. From 2004 to nowadays, the INAIL Regional Management of Lombardia, with the collaboration of University of Milan-Bicocca, carried out extensive monitoring campaigns both in quarries and in processing laboratories. More than 300 massive samples (rocks and veins) and 250 airborne dust samples were collected during the surveys. One of the main problems in the study of massive serpentinites is the accurate identification of the different