Low-temperature photoluminescence in NixMg1-xO nanocrystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Churmanov, V. N.; Gruzdev, N. B.; Sokolov, V. I.; Pustovarov, V. A.; Ivanov, V. Yu.; Mironova-Ulmane, N. A.

2015-03-01

A study of the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra of NixMg1-xO nanocrystals, at low-temperatures. We examine the processes of concentration quenching and supposed mechanisms of energy migration in NixMg1-xO. It is shown that the edge energies of the charge-transfer transitions in NixMg1-xO (x = 0.008) and NiO are practically identical.

Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of p–n junction CeO2/Co3O4 photocatalyst for the removal of various dyes from wastewater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Yuanzheng; Zhang, Meng; Wu, Zhengying; Chen, Zhigang; Liu, Chengbao; Lin, Yun; Chen, Feng

2018-04-01

CeO2, Co3O4, and Co3O4/CeO2 composites are successfully synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicate that the CeO2, Co3O4, and Co3O4/CeO2 precursors sintered at 500 °C has good crystallization. The cerium nitrate introduced into cobalt nitrate precursor solution improved the surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of Co3O4 significantly. The photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB), xylenol orange (XO), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR) catalyzed by prepared nanocomposites were studied under visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiment results indicate that the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/CeO2 composites for degradation of various dyes highly depend on pH value. The optimum conditions for the photocatalytic experiments of Co3O4/CeO2 composites were determined to be as follows: dye concentration, 50 mg L‑1, and catalyst concentration, 50 mg L‑1. The excellent photocatalytic activity of the p–n junction Co3O4/CeO2 composites can be ascribed to the ·O2‑ radicals and h+.

Co0.6Zn0.4Cu0.2CdxFe1.8-xO4 (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.8) magnetic ferrite nano-particle: Synthesis, characterization and photo-catalytic degradation of methyl orange

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhukal, Santosh; Bansal, S.; Singhal, Sonal

2014-02-01

Cd2+ ion substituted nano-crystalline cobalt-zinc ferrites having chemical formula Co0.6Zn0.4Cu0.2CdxFe1.8-xO4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) have been prepared using sol-gel auto-combustion method. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline structure and phase purity of all the prepared nano-ferrites. The lattice constant was found to vary linearly from 8.360 Å to 8.390 Å for cadmium ion concentration from 0.2 to 0.8 in accordance with Vegard's law. Ionic radii of tetrahedral site (rA) and octahedral site (rB) was found to increase with increase in the cadmium ion concentration because of larger size of Cd2+ ion (0.97 Å) as compared to that of Fe3+ ion (0.67 Å). Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) results revealed that the saturation magnetization, coercivity and anisotropy constant decrease with increase in the cadmium concentration. The distribution of cations among A and B sites of the lattice was estimated by the magnetic moments which were calculated from the magnetic data. Moreover resistivity was found to be decrease with increase in the cadmium concentration. There was increase in drift mobility with increase in temperature because of the enhanced mobility of charge carriers due to thermal activation. Co0.6Zn0.4Cu0.2CdxFe1.8-xO4 showed good catalytic activity towards methyl orange and easily recovered by magnetic separation after the reaction. The photo-catalytic degradation was enhanced as the concentration of cadmium ion increased from 0.2 to 0.8 may be due to decrease in band gap with increase in Cd2+ ion concentration.

The effect of mixed dopants on the stability of Fricke gel dosimeters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Penev, K.; Mequanint, K.

2013-06-01

Auto-oxidation and fast diffusion in Fricke gels are major drawbacks to wide-spread application of these gels in 3D dosimetry. Aiming to limit both processes, we used mixed dopants: the ferric-specific ligand xylenol orange with a ferrous-specific ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) and/or a bi-functional cross-linking agent (glyoxal). Markedly improved auto-oxidation stability was observed in the xylenol orange and phenanthroline doped gel at the expense of increased background absorbance and faster diffusion. Addition of glyoxal limited the diffusion rate and led to a partial bleaching of the gel. It is conceivable that these two new compositions may find useful practical application.

Characterizing Giant Exoplanets through Multiwavelength Transit Observations: XO-1 b

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, Jackson Lane; Gardner, Cristilyn N.; Garver, Bethany R.; Jarka, Kyla L.; Kar, Aman; McGough, Aylin M.; PeQueen, David J.; Rivera, Daniel Ivan; Kasper, David; Jang-Condell, Hannah; Kobulnicky, Henry; Dale, Daniel

2018-01-01

Multiwavelength observations of transiting exoplanets can reveal wavelength dependence of the observed transit depth (or a lack thereof), thereby allowing for thorough characterization of their atmospheres. In support of a larger project performing these characterizations of 12 transiting giant exoplanets through 66 nights of continuous observation at the 2.3 m Wyoming Infrared Observatory (WIRO), we report an updated ephemeris for transiting exoplanet XO- 1 b. We carried out an MCMC analysis on photometric data obtained using the standard broad bandpass Sloan filter system. Our data set for XO-1 b is the most limited of those contributing to the larger project, the target having only been successfully observed from the transit midpoint to the egress on one night with limited out-of-transit data available. Exoplanet XO-1 b is a planet transiting star XO-1 (GSC 02041-01657) of type G1 V with V = 11.19 McCullough et al. (2006). This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under REU grant AST 1560461.

FABRICATION AND OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MgxZn1-xO ULTRATHIN FILMS BY LANGMUIR-BLODGETT TECHNOLOGY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Dongyan; Feng, Qian; Jiang, Enying; He, Baozhu

2012-08-01

By transferring MgxZn1-xO sol and stearic acid onto a hydrophilic silicon wafer or glass plate, the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers of MgxZn1-xO (x:0, 0.2, 0.4) were deposited. After calcinations at 350°C for 0.5 h and at 500°C for 3 h, MgxZn1-xO ultrathin films were fabricated. The optimized parameters for monolayer formation and multilayer deposition were determined by the surface pressure-surface (Π-A) area and the transfer coefficient, respectively. The expended areas of stearic acid with MgxZn1-xO sols under Π-A isotherms inferred the interaction of stearic acid with MgxZn1-xO sols during the formation of monolayer at air-water interface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structures of MgxZn1-xO nanoparticles and ultrathin films. The surface morphologies of MgxZn1-xO ultrathin films were observed by scanning probe microscopy (AFM). And the optoelectronic properties of MgxZn1-xO were detected and discussed based on photoluminescence (PL) spectra.

Diels-Alder Trapping of Photochemically Generated o-Xylenols: Application in the Synthesis of Novel Organic Molecules and Polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meador, Michael A.

2003-01-01

Bis(o-xylenol) equivalents are useful synthetic intermediates in the construction of polymers and hydroxyl substituted organic molecules which can organize by hydrogen bonded self-assembly into unique supramolecular structures. These polymers and supramolecular materials have potential use as coatings and thin films in aerospace, electronic and biomedical applications.

Singlet Excited States of Cl and Br Molecules: New Theories Applied to the -XO and -XO2 (X=C1 and Br) Chromophores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Timothy J.; Srinivasan, Parthiban; Head-Gordon, Martin; Huo, Winifred (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

Electronic excitation energies are determined using single-reference based theories derived from response equations involving perturbation theory and coupled-cluster theory. These methods are applied to the singlet manifold of excited electronic states of the HClO, HBrO, HOClO, HOBrO, HClO2, and HBrO2 molecules. The reliability of the various perturbation theory approaches is assessed by comparison to the linear-response singles and doubles coupled-cluster (LRCCSD) method. The excitation energies for the Y-XO compounds are compared and contrasted for Y=H and HO, and X=Cl and Br. A similar comparison is performed for the H-XO2 compounds.

Biochemical characterization of blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange.

PubMed

Moufida, Saïdani; Marzouk, Brahim

2003-04-01

This paper reports on the composition of aroma compounds and fatty acids and some physico-chemical parameters (juice percentage, acidity and total sugars) in five varieties of citrus: blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange. Volatile compounds and methyl esters have been analyzed by gas chromatography. Limonene is the most abundant compound of monoterpene hydrocarbons for all of the examined juices. Eighteen fatty acids have been identified in the studied citrus juices, their quantification points out that unsaturated acids predominate over the saturated ones. Mean concentration of fatty acids varies from 311.8 mg/l in blood orange juice to 678 mg/l in bitter orange juice. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Allergenicity of orange juice and orange seeds: a clinical study.

PubMed

Zhu, S L; Ye, S T; Yu, Y

1989-06-01

Oranges are considered to be common allergenic fruits in China. They may induce severe food allergy in sensitive individuals. Allergic histories were analyzed in 26 orange-sensitive patients. Intradermal tests with extracts of orange juice and seeds were performed in 16 out of the 26 patients. P-K test was performed in one patient. The allergic history analysis suggested that clinical symptoms of some orange-allergic subjects were different from other fruit allergies but similar to nut and other oil plant seed allergies. The skin test and P-K test showed that the major allergenic components of orange reside in orange seeds instead of orange juice. Systemic reactions developed in 5 patients after intradermal tests with 1:20-200 (w/v) orange seed extracts. We considered that orange seed contains high potent allergens which may induce orange sensitivity due to careless chewing of orange seeds.

Resonant Raman scattering study of BexZn1-xO thin films grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yu-Chao; Su, Long-Xing; Zhao, Yu; Liu, Jian-Feng; Shen, Zheng-Chuan; Feng, Yu-Hua; Wu, Tian-Zhun; Tang, Zi-Kang

2017-07-01

Resonance Raman spectra of BexZn1-xO alloy materials were studied using 325 nm Laser. The research showed that the Raman spectra of BexZn1-xO alloys presents a dual-mode vibration. Compare BexZn1-xO alloy with ZnO single crystal, the A1 (LO) phonon vibration mode of BexZn1-xO alloy moved to the larger wave number direction. The position of A1 (LO) phonon vibration modes of Be0.08Zn0.92O and Be0.12Zn0.88O was 580 cm-1 and 582 cm-1, respectively. In addition, the temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy was employed for Be0.12Zn0.88O, and the phonon mode frequency shift with temperature was studied in detail. Finally, the stability of the polar and nonpolar BexZn1-xO alloy materials was studied using resonance Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the A1 (LO) phonon mode frequency of polar BexZn1-xO alloy remained in the same position, while the nonpolar BexZn1-xO alloys moved nearly 3.5 cm-1 to larger direction after being placed in the air for two years. The reason may be that the stability of the nonpolar BexZn1-xO alloy is relatively poor upon interaction with molecule such as H2O, O2 in the air.

Ultraviolet photodetector based on Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O films using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Yu-Chang; Lee, Hsin-Ying, E-mail: hylee@ee.ncku.edu.tw; Lee, Ching-Ting

2016-01-15

A plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) system was used to deposit magnesium zinc oxide (Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O) films with various Mg content (x). The Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O films were applied to metal–semiconductor–metal ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (MSM-UPDs) as an active layer. The Mg content in the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O films was modulated by adjusting the ZnO–MgO cycle ratios to 15:1, 12:1, and 9:1. Correspondingly, the Mg content in the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O films characterized using an energy dispersive spectrometer was 0.10, 0.13, and 0.16, respectively. The optical bandgap of the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O films increased from 3.56 to 3.66 eV withmore » an increase in Mg content from 0.10 to 0.16. The peak position of photoresponsivity for the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O MSM-UPDs was also shifted from 350 to 340 nm. The UV-visible rejection ratios of the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O MSM-UPDs were higher than 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, excellent detectivity and noise equivalent power for the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O MSM-UPDs were observed at a bias voltage of 5 V. The high performance of the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O MSM-UPDs was achieved by PE-ALD at a low temperature.« less

LiNixCo1-xO2 Cell Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao, M. C.; Ravindranadh, K.; Begum, Sk. Muntaz; Nirmala, G.

2011-07-01

Thin films of LiNixCo1-xO2 were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. Two important deposition parameters such as substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure during the thin film deposition were controlled. The electrochemical measurements were carried out on Li//LiNixCo1-xO2 cells with a lithium metal foil as anode and LiNixCo1-xO2 film as cathode of 1.5 cm2 active area using a Teflon home-made cell hardware. Electrochemical titration was made by charging and discharging the cells using the galvanostatic mode of a Mac-Pile single 608 electrochemical analyzer system in the potential range between 2.0 and 4.1 V. Specific capacity as high as 220 mC/cm2 μm was measured for the film grown at 700 °C.

XO-2b: A HOT JUPITER WITH A VARIABLE HOST STAR THAT POTENTIALLY AFFECTS ITS MEASURED TRANSIT DEPTH

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zellem, Robert T.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Pearson, Kyle A.

The transiting hot Jupiter XO-2b is an ideal target for multi-object photometry and spectroscopy as it has a relatively bright (V-mag = 11.25) K0V host star (XO-2N) and a large planet-to-star contrast ratio (R{sub p}/R{sub s} ≈ 0.015). It also has a nearby (31.″21) binary stellar companion (XO-2S) of nearly the same brightness (V-mag = 11.20) and spectral type (G9V), allowing for the characterization and removal of shared systematic errors (e.g., airmass brightness variations). We have therefore conducted a multiyear (2012–2015) study of XO-2b with the University of Arizona’s 61″ (1.55 m) Kuiper Telescope and Mont4k CCD in the Besselmore » U and Harris B photometric passbands to measure its Rayleigh scattering slope to place upper limits on the pressure-dependent radius at, e.g., 10 bar. Such measurements are needed to constrain its derived molecular abundances from primary transit observations. We have also been monitoring XO-2N since the 2013–2014 winter season with Tennessee State University’s Celestron-14 (0.36 m) automated imaging telescope to investigate stellar variability, which could affect XO-2b’s transit depth. Our observations indicate that XO-2N is variable, potentially due to cool star spots, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.0049 ± 0.0007 R-mag and a period of 29.89 ± 0.16 days for the 2013–2014 observing season and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.0035 ± 0.0007 R-mag and 27.34 ± 0.21 day period for the 2014–2015 observing season. Because of the likely influence of XO-2N’s variability on the derivation of XO-2b’s transit depth, we cannot bin multiple nights of data to decrease our uncertainties, preventing us from constraining its gas abundances. This study demonstrates that long-term monitoring programs of exoplanet host stars are crucial for understanding host star variability.« less

A photoswitchable orange-to-far-red fluorescent protein, PSmOrange.

PubMed

Subach, Oksana M; Patterson, George H; Ting, Li-Min; Wang, Yarong; Condeelis, John S; Verkhusha, Vladislav V

2011-07-31

We report a photoswitchable monomeric Orange (PSmOrange) protein that is initially orange (excitation, 548 nm; emission, 565 nm) but becomes far-red (excitation, 636 nm; emission, 662 nm) after irradiation with blue-green light. Compared to its parental orange proteins, PSmOrange has greater brightness, faster maturation, higher photoconversion contrast and better photostability. The red-shifted spectra of both forms of PSmOrange enable its simultaneous use with cyan-to-green photoswitchable proteins to study four intracellular populations. Photoconverted PSmOrange has, to our knowledge, the most far-red excitation peak of all GFP-like fluorescent proteins, provides diffraction-limited and super-resolution imaging in the far-red light range, is optimally excited with common red lasers, and can be photoconverted subcutaneously in a mouse. PSmOrange photoswitching occurs via a two-step photo-oxidation process, which causes cleavage of the polypeptide backbone. The far-red fluorescence of photoconverted PSmOrange results from a new chromophore containing N-acylimine with a co-planar carbon-oxygen double bond.

Detection of oranges from a color image of an orange tree

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weeks, Arthur R.; Gallagher, A.; Eriksson, J.

1999-10-01

The progress of robotic and machine vision technology has increased the demand for sophisticated methods for performing automatic harvesting of fruit. The harvesting of fruit, until recently, has been performed manually and is quite labor intensive. An automatic robot harvesting system that uses machine vision to locate and extract the fruit would free the agricultural industry from the ups and downs of the labor market. The environment in which robotic fruit harvesters must work presents many challenges due to the inherent variability from one location to the next. This paper takes a step towards this goal by outlining a machine vision algorithm that detects and accurately locates oranges from a color image of an orange tree. Previous work in this area has focused on differentiating the orange regions from the rest of the picture and not locating the actual oranges themselves. Failure to locate the oranges, however, leads to a reduced number of successful pick attempts. This paper presents a new approach for orange region segmentation in which the circumference of the individual oranges as well as partially occluded oranges are located. Accurately defining the circumference of each orange allows a robotic harvester to cut the stem of the orange by either scanning the top of the orange with a laser or by directing a robotic arm towards the stem to automatically cut it. A modified version of the K- means algorithm is used to initially segment the oranges from the canopy of the orange tree. Morphological processing is then used to locate occluded oranges and an iterative circle finding algorithm is used to define the circumference of the segmented oranges.

Investigation of novel inverted NiO@NixCo1-xO core-shell nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasan, Samiul; Mayanovic, R. A.; Benamara, Mourad

2018-05-01

Inverse core-shell nanoparticles, comprised of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) core covered by a ferromagnetic (FM) or ferrimagnetic (FiM) shell, are of current interest due to their different potential application and due to the tunability of their magnetic properties. The antiferromagnetic nature of NiO and high Néel temperature (523 K) makes this material well suited for inverse core-shell nanoparticle applications. Our primary objective in this project has been to synthesize and characterize inverted core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs) comprised of a NiO (AFM) core and a shell consisting of a NixCo1-xO (FiM) compound. The synthesis of the CSNs was made using a two-step process. The NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical reaction method. Subsequently, the NiO nanoparticles were used to grow the NiO@NixCo1-xO CSNs using our hydrothermal nano-phase epitaxy method. XRD structural characterization shows that the NiO@NixCo1-xO CSNs have the rock salt cubic crystal structure. SEM-EDS data indicates the presence of Co in the CSNs. Magnetic measurements show that the CSNs exhibit AFM/FiM characteristics with a small coercivity field of 30 Oe at 5 K. The field cooled vs zero field cooled hysteresis loop measurements show a magnetization axis shift which is attributed to the exchange bias effect between the AFM NiO core and an FiM NixCo1-xO shell of the CSNs. Our ab initio based calculations of the NixCo1-xO rock salt structure confirm a weak FiM character and a charge transfer insulator property of the compound.

Drop mass transfer in a microfluidic chip compared to a centrifugal contactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nemer, Martin B.; Roberts, Christine C.; Hughes, Lindsey G.

2014-06-13

A model system was developed for enabling a multiscale understanding of centrifugal-contactor liquid–liquid extraction.The system consisted of Nd(III) + xylenol orange in the aqueous phase buffered to pH =5.5 by KHP, and dodecane + thenoyltrifluroroacetone (HTTA) + tributyphosphate (TBP) in the organic phase. Diffusion constants were measured for neodymium in both the organic and aqueous phases, and the Nd(III) partition coefficients were measured at various HTTA and TBP concentrations. A microfluidic channel was used as a high-shear model environment to observe mass-transfer on a droplet scale with xylenol orange as the aqueous-phase metal indicator; mass-transfer rates were measured quantitatively inmore » both diffusion and reaction limited regimes on the droplet scale. Lastly, the microfluidic results were comparable to observations made for the same system in a laboratory scale liquid–liquid centrifugal contactor, indicating that single drop microfluidic experiments can provide information on mass transfer in complicated flows and geometries.« less

Facile synthesis of Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures with adjustable phase composition for effective NO{sub x} gas sensor at room temperature

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Lixue; Li, Li; Yang, Ying

2013-10-15

Graphical abstract: The Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures with 30–70 nm hollow nanospheres reduced by 3 mmol NaBH{sub 4} exhibits excellent gas-sensing property to low-concentration NO{sub x} gas at room temperature. - Highlights: • The Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures with hollow nanospheres are successfully synthesized. • The method is used for preparing the with Cu/Cu{sub x}O adjustable phase composition. • The C3 sample exhibites excellent gas-sensing propertie to NO{sub x} at room temperation. • The Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures have significant for application of gas sensor. - Abstract: The Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures with 30–70 nm hollow nanospheres are successfully synthesized by a facile wetmore » chemical method. The synthesized products have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermo gravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis. The Cu/Cu{sub x}O sensors based on the nanoarchitectures are used to detect the NO{sub x} at room temperature. The results demonstrate that the obtained Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures reduced by 3 mmol NaBH{sub 4} exhibits excellent gas-sensing properties: low detection limit of 0.97 ppm, relatively high sensitivity, short response time, broad linear range and high selectivity. The reasons for gas-sensing activity enhancement on Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanoarchitectures are discussed. The Cu/Cu{sub x}O nanocrystalline with the hierarchical pores structure and tunable compositions have significant for application of gas sensor.« less

Low-temperature sintered Li2(MnxTi1-x)O3 microwave dielectric ceramics with adjustable τf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Cheng; Zhang, Huaiwu; Su, Hua; Li, Jie; Liao, Yulong; Jia, Lijun; Li, Yuanxun

2017-12-01

B2O3-Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO (BBSZ) glass-modified Li2(MnxTi1-x)O3 ceramics were fabricated via a solid-state reaction route. Pure phase and dense crystal morphology were obtained at 900∘C. Suitable amount of Mn4+-ion substitution could adjust the τf value of the Li2(MnxTi1-x)O3 system to near zero. Among all of the Li2(MnxTi1-x)O3 samples, the sample with x = 0.9 (marked as BL9 in this paper) possessed good microwave dielectric properties: 𝜀r = 18, Q × f = 14,056 GHz (9.58 GHz) and τf = (+)2.43 ppm/∘C. It is suggested that the Li2(MnxTi1-x)O3 ceramic with BBSZ glass is a suitable low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) candidate for microwave applications.

Electrical properties of solid-solution SrZrxTi1-xO3 grown epitaxially on Ge by molecular beam epitaxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moghadam, Reza; Ahmadi, Kamyar; Xiao, Z.-Y.; Hong, Xia; Ngai, Joseph

The epitaxial growth of crystalline oxides on semiconductors enables new functionalities to be introduced to semiconductor devices. In particular, dielectric and ferroelectric oxides grown epitaxially on semiconductors provide a pathway to realize ultra-low power logic and memory devices. Here we present electrical characterization of solid-solution SrZrxTi1-xO3 grown epitaxially on Ge through oxide molecular beam epitaxy. SrZrxTi1-xO3 is of particular interest since the band offset with respect to the semiconductor can be tuned through Zr content x. We will present current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and piezoforce microscopy characterization of SrZrxTi1-xO3 -Ge heterojunctions. In particular, we will discuss how the electrical characteristics of SrZrxTi1-xO3 -Ge heterojunctions evolve with respect to composition, annealing and film thickness.

The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. X. Differential abundances in the XO-2 planet-hosting binary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biazzo, K.; Gratton, R.; Desidera, S.; Lucatello, S.; Sozzetti, A.; Bonomo, A. S.; Damasso, M.; Gandolfi, D.; Affer, L.; Boccato, C.; Borsa, F.; Claudi, R.; Cosentino, R.; Covino, E.; Knapic, C.; Lanza, A. F.; Maldonado, J.; Marzari, F.; Micela, G.; Molaro, P.; Pagano, I.; Pedani, M.; Pillitteri, I.; Piotto, G.; Poretti, E.; Rainer, M.; Santos, N. C.; Scandariato, G.; Zanmar Sanchez, R.

2015-11-01

Binary stars hosting exoplanets are a unique laboratory where chemical tagging can be performed to measure the elemental abundances of both stellar components with high accuracy, with the aim to investigate the formation of planets and their subsequent evolution. Here, we present a high-precision differential abundance analysis of the XO-2 wide stellar binary based on high-resolution HARPS-N at TNG spectra. Both components are very similar K-dwarfs and host planets. Since they formed presumably within the same molecular cloud, we expect that they possess the same initial elemental abundances. We investigated whether planets can cause some chemical imprints in the stellar atmospheric abundances. We measure abundances of 25 elements for both stars with a range of condensation temperature TC = 40-1741 K, achieving typical precisions of ~0.07 dex. The northern component shows abundances in all elements higher by +0.067 ± 0.032 dex on average, with a mean difference of +0.078 dex for elements with TC > 800 K. The significance of the XO-2N abundance difference relative to XO-2S is at the 2σ level for almost all elements. We discuss that this result might be interpreted as the signature of the ingestion of material by XO-2N or depletion in XO-2S that is due to locking of heavy elements by the planetary companions. We estimate a mass of several tens of M⊕ in heavy elements. The difference in abundances between XO-2N and XO-2S shows a positive correlation with the condensation temperatures of the elements, with a slope of (4.7 ± 0.9) × 10-5 dex K-1, which could mean that both components have not formed terrestrial planets, but first experienced the accretion of rocky core interior to the subsequent giant planets. Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), operated on the island of La Palma by the INAF - Fundación Galileo Galilei at the Roche de los Muchachos Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) in the

Raman scattering in HfxZr1-xO2 nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, Richard D.; Tang, Jing; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Brus, Louis E.; Herman, Irving P.

2005-03-01

Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that ˜5nm dimension HfxZr1-xO2 nanocrystals prepared by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel synthesis method are solid solutions of hafnia and zirconia, with no discernable segregation within the individual nanoparticles. Zirconia-rich particles are tetragonal and ensembles of hafnia-rich particles show mixed tetragonal/monoclinic phases. Sintering at 1200 °C produces larger particles (20-30 nm) that are monoclinic. A simple lattice dynamics model with composition-averaged cation mass and scaled force constants is used to understand how the Raman mode frequencies vary with composition in the tetragonal HfxZr1-xO2 nanoparticles. Background luminescence from these particles is minimized after oxygen treatment, suggesting possible oxygen defects in the as-prepared particles. Raman scattering is also used to estimate composition and the relative fractions of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. In some regimes there are mixed phases, and Raman analysis suggests that in these regimes the tetragonal phase particles are relatively rich in zirconium and the monoclinic phase particles are relatively rich in hafnium.

Scalable ferroelectric MOS capacitors comprised of single crystalline SrZrxTi1-xO3 on Ge.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moghadam, Reza; Xiao, Z.-Y.; Ahmadi-Majlan, K.; Grimley, E.; Ong, P. V.; Lebeau, J. M.; Chambers, S. A.; Hong, X.; Sushko, P.; Ngai, J. H.

The epitaxial growth of multifunctional oxides on semiconductors has opened a pathway to introduce new functionalities to semiconductor device technologies. In particular, ferroelectric materials integrated on semiconductors could lead to field-effect devices that require very little power to operate, or that possess both logic and memory functionalities. The development of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors in which the polarization of a ferroelectric gate is coupled to the surface potential of a semiconducting channel is essential in order to realize such field-effect devices. Here we demonstrate that scalable, ferroelectric MOS capacitors can be realized using single crystalline SrZrxTi1-xO3 (x = 0.7) that has been epitaxially grown on Ge. Single crystalline SrZrxTi1-xO3 exhibits characteristics that are ideal for a ferroelectric gate material, namely, a type-I band offset with respect to Ge, large coercive fields and polarization that can be enhanced with electric field. The latter characteristic stems from the relaxor nature of SrZrxTi1-xO3. These properties enable MOS capacitors with 5 nm thick SrZrxTi1-xO3 layers to exhibit a nearly 2 V wide hysteretic window in the capacitance-voltage characteristics. The realization of ferroelectric MOS capacitors with technologically relevant gate thicknesses opens the pathway to practical field effect devices. NSF DMR 1508530.

Horizontal transfer of chromosomal markers mediated by the large conjugative plasmid pXO16 from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis.

PubMed

Makart, Lionel; Commans, Florian; Gillis, Annika; Mahillon, Jacques

2017-05-01

pXO16, a large plasmid originating from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis, displays unique conjugation capacities: besides efficient self-transfer, it is able to mobilize and retro-mobilize non-conjugative plasmids, including those missing an oriT and/or a mob gene, also known as "non-mobilizable" plasmids. In this paper, another peculiar transfer property of pXO16 is described. This element is indeed able to transfer chromosomal loci at frequencies of ca. 10 -5 -10 -6 transconjugants/donor cell. Whereas most other chromosomal transfer systems occur via the integration of the conjugative elements into the chromosome prior to its transfer, pXO16 appears to transfer the chromosomal markers in the absence of physical integration, but rather through a "donation-type" mobilization. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Inheritance of flower color in periwinkle: orange-red corolla and white eye.

PubMed

Sreevalli, Y; Kulkarni, R N; Baskaran, K

2002-01-01

The commonly found flower colors in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)--pink, white, red-eyed, and pale pink center--are reported to be governed by the epistatic interaction between four genes--A, R, W, and I. The mode of inheritance of an uncommon flower color, orange-red corolla and white eye, was studied by crossing an accession possessing this corolla color with a white flowered variety (Nirmal). The phenotype of the F(1) plants and segregation data of F(2) and backcross generations suggested the involvement of two more interacting and independently inherited genes, one (proposed symbol E) determining the presence or absence of red eye and another (proposed symbol O) determining orange-red corolla.

PROBING THE TERMINATOR REGION ATMOSPHERE OF THE HOT-JUPITER XO-1b WITH TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tinetti, G.; Deroo, P.; Swain, M. R.

2010-04-01

We report here the first infrared spectrum of the hot-Jupiter XO-1b. The observations were obtained with the NICMOS instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope during a primary eclipse of the XO-1 system. Near photon-noise-limited spectroscopy between 1.2 and 1.8 {mu}m allows us to determine the main composition of this hot-Jupiter's planetary atmosphere with good precision. This is the third hot-Jupiter's atmosphere for which spectroscopic data are available in the near-IR. The spectrum shows the presence of water vapor (H{sub 2}O), methane (CH{sub 4}), and carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), and suggests the possible presence of carbon monoxide (CO). We showmore » that the published IRAC secondary transit emission photometric data are compatible with the atmospheric composition at the terminator determined from the NICMOS spectrum, with a range of possible mixing ratios and thermal profiles; additional emission spectroscopy data are needed to reduce the degeneracy of the possible solutions. Finally, we note the similarity between the 1.2-1.8 {mu}m transmission spectra of XO-1b and HD 209458b, suggesting that in addition to having similar stellar/orbital and planetary parameters the two systems may also have a similar exoplanetary atmospheric composition.« less

Accurate solid solution range of BiMnxFe3-xO6 and low temperature magnetism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Pengfei; Yue, Mufei; Cong, Rihong; Gao, Wenliang; Yang, Tao

2017-11-01

BiMnxFe3-xO6 (x = 1) represents a new type of oxide structure containing Bi3+ and competing magnetic super-exchanges. In literature, multiple magnetic states were realized at low temperatures in BiMnFe2O6, and the hypothetical parent compounds (BiMn3O6, BiFe3O6) were predicted to be different in magnetism. Herein, we performed a careful study on the syntheses of BiMnxFe3-xO6 at ambient pressure, and the solid solution range was determined to be 0.9 ≤ x ≤ 1.3 by Rietveld refinements on high-quality powder X-ray diffraction data. Due to the very similar cationic size of Mn3+ and Fe3+, and possibly the structural rigidity, there was no significant structure change in the whole range of solid solution. The magnetic behavior of BiMnxFe3-xO6 (x = 1.2, 1.22, 1.26, 1.28 and 1.3) was generally similar to BiMnFe2O6, while the relative higher concentration of Mn3+ led to the decreasing of the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Gas-Sensing Properties of Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Sn(x)Ti(1-x)O2.

PubMed

Zhong, Cheng; Lin, Zhidong; Guo, Fei; Wang, Xuehua

2015-06-01

A nanocomposite mesoporous material composed by SnO2 and TiO2 with the size of -5-9 nm were prepared via a facile wet-chemical approach combining with an annealing process. The microstructure of obtained Sn(x)Ti(1-x)O2 powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray Photo-electronic Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiment. The gas sensing performances to several gases of the mesoporous material were studied. The sensors of Sn(x)Ti(1-x)O2 (ST10, with 9.1% Ti) exhibited very high responses to volatile organic compounds at 160 degrees C. The order of the responses to volatile gases based on ST10 was ethanol > formaldehyde > acetone > toluene > benzene > methane. Sensor based on ST10 displays a highest sensitivity to hydrogen at 200 degrees C. Sensor responses to H2 at 200 degrees C have been measured and analyzed in a wide concentration range from 5 to 2000 ppm. The solid solution Sn(x)Ti(1-x)O2 can be served as a potential gas-sensing material for a broad range of future sensor applications.

Bi2MoxW1-xO6 solid solutions with tunable band structure and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Wenqi; Ding, Xingeng; Wu, Huating; Yang, Hui

2018-07-01

Semiconductor photocatalysis is an effective green way to combat water pollution. For the first time, this study reports a novel method to develop Bi2MoxW1-xO6 solid solution with microsphere structure through anion-exchange method. All Bi2MoxW1-xO6 samples exhibit an Aurivillius-type crystal structure without any secondary phase, confirming that in complete solid solutions as the value of x increases, the band gap energy of Bi2MoxW1-xO6 solid solutions decreases, while the optical absorption edge moves to longer wavelength. The Raman spectra research shows an increase in orthorhombic distortion with progressive replacement of W sites in Bi2WO6 with Mo6+ ions. Compared to Bi2MoO6 and Bi2WO6 samples, Bi2Mo0.4W0.6O6 sample displayed best photocatalytic activity and cycling stability for degradation of RhB dye. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2Mo0.4W0.6O6 sample can be synergetically linked to hierarchical hollow structure, enhanced light absorbance, and high carrier-separation efficiency. Additionally, the hollow Bi2MoxW1-xO6 microspheres formation can be attributed to the Kirkendall effect.

Growing Oranges. People on the Farm.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. Office of Governmental and Public Affairs.

This booklet, one in a series about life on modern farms, describes the daily lives of three orange growers in Florida and one in California. Two of the Florida orange growers also have other jobs, one as manager of a citrus cooperative and the other as a citrus insurance salesman. The operations of orange groves, the care and picking of oranges,…

Ripk3 promotes ER stress-induced necroptosis in cardiac IR injury: A mechanism involving calcium overload/XO/ROS/mPTP pathway.

PubMed

Zhu, Pingjun; Hu, Shunying; Jin, Qinhua; Li, Dandan; Tian, Feng; Toan, Sam; Li, Yang; Zhou, Hao; Chen, Yundai

2018-06-01

Receptor-interacting protein 3 (Ripk3)-mediated necroptosis contributes to cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury through poorly defined mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that Ripk3 was strongly upregulated in murine hearts subjected to IR injury and cardiomyocytes treated with LPS and H 2 O 2 . The higher level of Ripk3 was positively correlated to the infarction area expansion, cardiac dysfunction and augmented cardiomyocytes necroptosis. Function study further illustrated that upregulated Ripk3 evoked the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which was accompanied with an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ level ([Ca 2+ ]c) and xanthine oxidase (XO) expression. Activated XO raised cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediated the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and cardiomyocytes necroptosis. By comparison, genetic ablation of Ripk3 abrogated the ER stress and thus blocked the [Ca 2+ ]c overload-XO-ROS-mPTP pathways, favouring a pro-survival state that ultimately resulted in the inhibition of cardiomyocytes necroptosis in the setting of cardiac IR injury. In summary, the present study helps to elucidate how necroptosis is mediated by ER stress, via the calcium overload /XO/ROS/mPTP opening axis. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effective work function engineering for a TiN/XO(X = La, Zr, Al)/SiO{sub 2} stack structures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Dongjin, E-mail: dongjin0710.lee@samsung.com; Lee, Jieun; Jung, Kyoungho

In this study, we demonstrated that work function engineering is possible over a wide range (+200 mV to −430 mV) in a TiN/XO (X = La, Zr, or Al)/SiO{sub 2} stack structures. From ab initio simulations, we selected the optimal material for the work function engineering. The work function engineering mechanism was described by metal diffusion into the TiN film and silicate formation in the TiN/SiO{sub 2} interface. The metal doping and the silicate formation were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy line profiling, respectively. In addition, the amount of doped metal in the TiN film depended on the thickness ofmore » the insertion layer XO. From the work function engineering technique, which can control a variety of threshold voltages (Vth), an improvement in transistors with different V{sub th} values in the TiN/XO/SiO{sub 2} stack structures is expected.« less

Structures and electron affinity of XO30,-, XOF40,- and XO2F20,- (X = P, As, Sb, Bi): a theoretical study of novel superhalogen formulae and exceptions of superhalogen formulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Yi-Fan; Cui, Zhong-Hua; Ding, Yi-Hong

2015-03-01

Most superhalogen species are in the form of oxides or halides. To enrich the family of superhalogen species, herein, we investigated the structures and electron affinity (EA) values of higher group 15 elements (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) oxyfluoride species XO30,-, XOF40,- and XO2F20,-, at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ-pp & aug-cc-pVTZ //B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ-pp & aug-cc-pVTZ levels (aug-cc-pVTZ-pp for X = Sb and Bi). Some oxyfluoride species, i.e., PO2F20,-, AsO2F20,-, SbO2F20,-, POF40,-, AsOF40,-, SbOF40,- and BiOF40,-, were found to possess higher EA (VDE: 5.0-6.2 eV; ADE: 4.5-5.5 eV) than halogens (F: 3.4 eV; Cl: 3.6 eV). Thus, we recommended that the oxyfluorides in the form of XO2F20,- and XOF40,- should be considered as potential superhalogens, which have not been considered previously. Surprisingly, we showed that BiO3 and BiO2F2, in superhalogen formulae, possess a high vertical detachment energy (VDE) yet a low adiabatic detachment energy (ADE). This is in marked contrast to the previously reported superhalogens, which generally contain both the high VDE and high ADE values. It is the first report about exceptions of superhalogen formulae. These findings revealed that for the analogous main-group compounds with the same structural formula, the difference in the metallic property of the core element could lead to the significant difference in the ground structures of either the anionic or neutral structures, which would result in the much differed superhalogen features.

A theoretical study on the electronic structure of Au-XO(0,-1,+1) (X=C, N, and O) complexes: effect of an external electric field.

PubMed

Tielens, Frederik; Gracia, Lourdes; Polo, Victor; Andrés, Juan

2007-12-20

A theoretical study on the nature of Au-XO(0,-1,+1) (X=C, N, O) interaction is carried out in order to provide a better understanding on the adsorption process of XO molecules on Au surfaces or Au-supported surfaces. The effect of the total charge as well as the presence of an external electric field on the formation processes of the Au-XO complex are analyzed and discussed using DFT (B3LYP) and high-level ab initio (CCSD(T)//MP2) methods employing a 6-311+G(3df) basis set for X and O atoms and Stuttgart pseudopotentials for Au atom. The presence of an electric field can increase the binding of O2 molecule to Au while weakening the formation of the Au-CO complex. These behaviors are discussed in the context of adsorption or deadsorption of these molecules on Au clusters. The formation of the Au-XO complex, the effect of addition/removal of one electron, and the role of the electric field are rationalized by studying the nature of the bonding interactions by means of the electron localization function (ELF) analysis. The net interaction between Au and XO fragments is governed by the interplay of three factors: (i) the amount of charge transfer from Au to XO, (ii) the sharing of the lone pair from X atom by the Au core (V(X, Au) basin), and (iii) the role of the lone pair of Au (V(Au) basin) mainly formed by 6s electrons. The total charge of the system and the applied electric field determine the population and orientation of the V(Au) basin and, subsequently, the degree of repulsion with the V(X, Au) basin.

21 CFR 146.137 - Frozen orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Frozen orange juice. 146.137 Section 146.137 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR... Beverages § 146.137 Frozen orange juice. (a) Frozen orange juice is orange juice as defined in § 146.135...

21 CFR 74.250 - Orange B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Foods § 74.250 Orange B. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive Orange B is.... (2) The diluents in color additive mixtures for food use containing Orange B are limited to those...

21 CFR 74.250 - Orange B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Foods § 74.250 Orange B. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive Orange B is.... (2) The diluents in color additive mixtures for food use containing Orange B are limited to those...

21 CFR 74.250 - Orange B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Foods § 74.250 Orange B. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive Orange B is.... (2) The diluents in color additive mixtures for food use containing Orange B are limited to those...

21 CFR 74.250 - Orange B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Foods § 74.250 Orange B. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive Orange B is.... (2) The diluents in color additive mixtures for food use containing Orange B are limited to those...

Structural characterization of LiCrxMn2-xO4 via a simple reflux technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purwaningsih, Dyah; Roto, Roto; Sutrisno, Hari; Purwanto, Agus

2017-03-01

LiCrxMn2-xO4 (x=0; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08, 0.10) have been successfully synthesized via a facile and simple reflux technique. The SEM-EDS data confirm the presence of Cr, Mn and O elements in the products, while the XRD pattern suggests that the materials have well-developed cubic crystals. Direct method was applied to extract structural parameters of LiCrxMn2-xO4 using the Fullprof and Oscail software in WinPlotr package program. Materials were refined in the crystal system, and space group of structures Fd3m phase were then identified. The lattice parameters decrease with the decrease in Cr content. The highest Li-O bond length was found for LiCr0.10Mn1.90O4. It was observed that there is no significant change in particle size as Cr content increased.

Philadelphus L.: mock orange

Treesearch

Nancy L. Shaw; Emerenciana G. Hurd; Peter F. Stickney

2008-01-01

The mock oranges - Philadelphus spp. - have been placed in several families: Saxifragaceae (Harrington 1954), Hydrangeaceae (Hitchcock and others 1961), and more recently, the Philadelphaceae (Hickman 1993). Hydrangeaceae, however, is the most widely accepted placement (Cronquist and others 1997; USDA NRCS 2001). There are about 50 to 65 species of mock orange,...

GTC OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of sodium in XO-2b from differential long-slit spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sing, D. K.; Huitson, C. M.; Lopez-Morales, M.; Pont, F.; Désert, J.-M.; Ehrenreich, D.; Wilson, P. A.; Ballester, G. E.; Fortney, J. J.; Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Vidal-Madjar, A.

2012-10-01

We present two transits of the hot-Jupiter exoplanet XO-2b using the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). The time series observations were performed using long-slit spectroscopy of XO-2 and a nearby reference star with the Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) instrument, enabling differential spectrophotometric transit light curves capable of measuring the exoplanet's transmission spectrum. Two optical low-resolution grisms were used to cover the optical wavelength range from 3800 to 9300 Å. We find that sub-mmag-level slit losses between the target and reference star prevent full optical transmission spectra from being constructed, limiting our analysis to differential absorption depths over ˜1000 Å regions. Wider long slits or multi-object grism spectroscopy with wide masks will likely prove effective in minimizing the observed slit-loss trends. During both transits, we detect significant absorption in the planetary atmosphere of XO-2b using a 50-Å bandpass centred on the Na I doublet, with absorption depths of Δ(Rpl/R★)2 = 0.049 ± 0.017 per cent using the R500R grism and 0.047 ± 0.011 per cent using the R500B grism (combined 5.2σ significance from both transits). The sodium feature is unresolved in our low-resolution spectra, with detailed modelling also likely ruling out significant line-wing absorption over an ˜800 Å region surrounding the doublet. Combined with narrow-band photometric measurements, XO-2b is the first hot Jupiter with evidence for both sodium and potassium present in the planet's atmosphere. Based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma, and part of the large European Southern Observatory (ESO) programme 182.C-2018.

Methane oxidation on Pd–Ceria: A DFT study of the mechanism over PdxCe1-xO2, Pd, and PdO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayernick, Adam D.; Janik, Michael J.

2011-02-14

Palladium/ceria exhibits unique catalytic activity for hydrocarbon oxidation; however, the chemical and structural properties of active sites on the palladium–ceria surface are difficult to characterize. Strong interactions between palladium and the ceria support stabilize oxidized Pdδ+ species, which may contribute to the significant activity of Pd/ceria for methane oxidation. We present a density functional theory (DFT + U) investigation into methane oxidation over Pd/ceria and quantify the activity of the Pd xCe 1-xO 2(1 1 1) mixed oxide surface in comparison with the PdO(1 0 0) and Pd(1 1 1) surfaces. The methane activation barrier is lowest over the Pdmore » xCe 1-xO 2(1 1 1) surface, even lower than over the Pd(1 1 1) surface or low coordinated stepped or kinked Pd sites. Subsequent reaction steps in complete oxidation, including product desorption and vacancy refilling, are considered to substantiate that methane activation remains the rate-limiting step despite the low barrier over Pd xCe 1-xO 2(1 1 1). The low barrier over the Pd xCe 1-xO 2(1 1 1) surface demonstrates that mixed ceria-noble metal oxides offer the potential for improved hydrocarbon oxidation performance with respect to dispersed noble metal particles on ceria.« less

Refining Parameters of the XO-5 Planetary System with High-Precision Transit Photometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maciejewski, G.; Seeliger, M.; Adam, Ch.; Raetz, St.; Neuhäuser, R.

2011-03-01

Studies of transiting extrasolar planets provide unique opportunity to get to know the internal structure of those worlds. The transiting exoplanet XO-5 b was found to have an anomalously high Safronov number and surface gravity. Our aim was to refine parameters of this intriguing system and search for signs of transit timing variations. We gathered high-precision light curves for two transits of XO-5 b. Assuming three different limb darkening laws, we found the best-fitting model and redetermined parameters of the system, including planet-to-star radius ratio, impact parameter and central time of transits. Error estimates were derived by the prayer bead method and Monte Carlo simulations. Although system's parameters obtained by us were found to agree with previous studies within one sigma, the planet was found to be notable smaller with the radius of 1.03+0.06-0.05 Jupiter radii. Our results confirm the high Safronov number and surface gravity of the planet. With two new mid-transit times, the ephemeris was refined to BJDTDB=(2454485.66842±0.00028)+(4.1877537±0.000017)E. No significant transit timing variation was detected.

Happy orang-utans live longer lives.

PubMed

Weiss, Alexander; Adams, Mark J; King, James E

2011-12-23

Nonhuman primate ageing resembles its human counterpart. Moreover, ratings of subjective well-being traits in chimpanzees, orang-utans and rhesus macaques are similar to those of humans: they are intercorrelated, heritable, and phenotypically and genetically related to personality. We examined whether, as in humans, orang-utan subjective well-being was related to longer life. The sample included 184 zoo-housed orang-utans followed up for approximately 7 years. Age, sex, species and number of transfers were available for all subjects and 172 subjects were rated on at least one item of a subjective well-being scale. Of the 31 orang-utans that died, 25 died a mean of 3.4 years after being rated. Even in a model that included, and therefore, statistically adjusted for, sex, age, species and transfers, orang-utans rated as being "happier" lived longer. The risk differential between orang-utans that were one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below baseline in subjective well-being was comparable with approximately 11 years in age. This finding suggests that impressions of the subjective well-being of captive great apes are valid indicators of their welfare and longevity.

Investigations on structural and electrical parameters of p-Si/ MgxZn1-xO thin film heterojunction diodes grown by RF magnetron sputtering technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Satyendra Kumar; Hazra, Purnima

2018-05-01

This work reports fabrication and characterization of p-Si/ MgxZn1-xO thin film heterojunction diodes grown by RF magnetron sputtering technique. In this work, ZnO powder was mixed with MgO powder at per their weight percentage from 0 to 10% to prepare MgxZn1-xO target. The microstructural, surface morphological and optical properties of as-deposited p-Si/MgxZn1-xO heterostructure thin films have been studied using X-ray Diffraction, atomic force microscopy and variable angle ellipsometer. XRD spectra exhibit that undoped ZnO thin films has preferred crystal orientation in (002) plane. However, with increase in Mg-doping, ZnO (101) crystal plane is enhanced progressively due to phase segregation, even though preferred growth orientation of ZnO crystals is still towards (002) plane. The electrical characteristics of Si/ MgxZn1-xO heterojunction diodes with large area Al/Ti ohmic contacts are evaluated using semiconductor parameter analyzer. With rectification ratio of 27894, reverse saturation current of 20.5 nA and barrier height of 0.724 eV, Si/Mg0.5Zn0.95O thin film heterojunction diode is believed to have potential to be used in wider bandgap nanoelectronic device applications.

21 CFR 146.145 - Orange juice from concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are sugar, sugar sirup, invert sugar... Juices and Beverages § 146.145 Orange juice from concentrate. (a) Orange juice from concentrate is the...), orange oil, orange pulp, and one or more of the sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (b) of this...

21 CFR 146.145 - Orange juice from concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are sugar, sugar sirup, invert sugar... Juices and Beverages § 146.145 Orange juice from concentrate. (a) Orange juice from concentrate is the...), orange oil, orange pulp, and one or more of the sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (b) of this...

21 CFR 146.145 - Orange juice from concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are sugar, sugar sirup, invert sugar... Juices and Beverages § 146.145 Orange juice from concentrate. (a) Orange juice from concentrate is the...), orange oil, orange pulp, and one or more of the sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (b) of this...

21 CFR 146.145 - Orange juice from concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are sugar, sugar sirup, invert sugar... Juices and Beverages § 146.145 Orange juice from concentrate. (a) Orange juice from concentrate is the...), orange oil, orange pulp, and one or more of the sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (b) of this...

21 CFR 146.145 - Orange juice from concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph (a) of this section are sugar, sugar sirup, invert sugar... Juices and Beverages § 146.145 Orange juice from concentrate. (a) Orange juice from concentrate is the...), orange oil, orange pulp, and one or more of the sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (b) of this...

Heavy metals in navel orange orchards of Xinfeng County and their transfer from soils to navel oranges.

PubMed

Cheng, Jinjin; Ding, Changfeng; Li, Xiaogang; Zhang, Taolin; Wang, Xingxiang

2015-12-01

This study investigated heavy metal concentrations in soils and navel oranges of Xinfeng County, a well-known navel orange producing area of China. The results showed that the average concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in orchard soils all increased compared to the regional background values, especially for Cd, which increased by 422%. When compared to the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for soil (GB15618-1995), Pb, Cr and Hg concentrations in all orchard soil samples were below the limit standards, but Cd concentrations in 24 soil samples (21%) and As concentrations in 8 soil samples (7%) exceeded the limit standards. However, concentrations of all heavy metals in navel orange pulps were within the National Food Safety Standard of China (GB 2762-2012). Dietary risk assessment also showed that the exposure to these five heavy metals by consumption of navel oranges could hardly pose adverse health effects on adults and children. Since the range and degree of soil Cd pollution was widest and the most severe of all, Cd was taken as an example to reveal the transfer characteristics of heavy metals in soil-navel orange system. Cd concentrations in different organs of navel orange trees decreased in the following order: root>leaf>peel>pulp. That navel oranges planted in the Cd contaminated soils were within the national food safety standard was mainly due to the low transfer factor for Cd from soil to pulp (TFpulp). Further studies showed that TFpulp was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Based on these soil properties, a prediction equation for TFpulp was established, which indicated that the risk for Cd concentration of navel orange pulp exceeding the national food limit is generally low, when soil Cd concentration is below 7.30 mg/kg. If appropriate actions are taken to increase soil pH, OC and CEC, Cd concentrations in navel orange pulps

Enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric responses in Zn 1 -xMg xO thin films near the phase separation boundary

DOE PAGES

Kang, Xiaoyu; Shetty, Smitha; Garten, Lauren; ...

2017-01-23

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties for Zn 1-xMg xO (ZMO) thin films are reported as a function of MgO composition up to and including the phase separation region. Zn 1-xMg xO (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) thin films with c-axis textures were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on platinized sapphire substrates. The films were phase pure wurtzite for MgO concentrations up to 40%; above that limit, a second phase with rocksalt structure evolves with strong {100} texture. With increasing MgO concentration, the out-of-plane ( d33,f) and in-plane ( e31,f) piezoelectric coefficients increase by 360% and 290%, respectively. The increase in piezoelectricmore » coefficients is accompanied by a 35% increase in relative permittivity. Loss tangent values fall monotonically with increasing MgO concentration, reaching a minimum of 0.001 for x ≥ 0.30, at which point the band gap is reported to be 4 eV. As a result, the enhanced piezoelectric response, the large band gap, and the low dielectric loss make Zn 1-xMg xO an interesting candidate for thin film piezoelectric devices, and demonstrate that compositional phase transformations provide opportunities for property engineering.« less

Orange Button Solar Data Exchange | Energy Analysis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Orange Button Solar Data Exchange Orange Button Solar Data Exchange The new Orange Button Solar Data Exchange tool serves as an online resource for the solar industry to share, sell, or retrieve solar data and connect with colleagues. Screenshot image of Orange Button data website home page. The

21 CFR 146.140 - Pasteurized orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and Beverages § 146.140 Pasteurized orange juice. (a) Pasteurized orange juice is the food prepared... section. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (c) of this section may be... orange juice soluble solids, exclusive of the solids of any added optional sweetening ingredients, and...

21 CFR 146.140 - Pasteurized orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... and Beverages § 146.140 Pasteurized orange juice. (a) Pasteurized orange juice is the food prepared... section. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (c) of this section may be... orange juice soluble solids, exclusive of the solids of any added optional sweetening ingredients, and...

21 CFR 146.140 - Pasteurized orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and Beverages § 146.140 Pasteurized orange juice. (a) Pasteurized orange juice is the food prepared... section. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (c) of this section may be... orange juice soluble solids, exclusive of the solids of any added optional sweetening ingredients, and...

21 CFR 146.140 - Pasteurized orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and Beverages § 146.140 Pasteurized orange juice. (a) Pasteurized orange juice is the food prepared... section. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (c) of this section may be... orange juice soluble solids, exclusive of the solids of any added optional sweetening ingredients, and...

21 CFR 146.140 - Pasteurized orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... and Beverages § 146.140 Pasteurized orange juice. (a) Pasteurized orange juice is the food prepared... section. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients listed in paragraph (c) of this section may be... orange juice soluble solids, exclusive of the solids of any added optional sweetening ingredients, and...

Ripk3 regulates cardiac microvascular reperfusion injury: The role of IP3R-dependent calcium overload, XO-mediated oxidative stress and F-action/filopodia-based cellular migration.

PubMed

Zhou, Hao; Wang, Jin; Zhu, Pingjun; Hu, Shunying; Ren, Jun

2018-05-01

Ripk3-mediated cellular apoptosis is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the mechanisms by which Ripk3 influences microvascular homeostasis and endothelial apoptosis are not completely understood. In this study, loss of Ripk3 inhibited endothelial apoptosis, alleviated luminal swelling, maintained microvasculature patency, reduced the expression of adhesion molecules and limited the myocardial inflammatory response. In vitro, Ripk3 deficiency protected endothelial cells from apoptosis and migratory arrest induced by HR injury. Mechanistically, Ripk3 had the ability to migrate onto the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER damage, as evidenced by increased IP3R and XO expression. The higher IP3R content was associated with cellular calcium overload, and increased XO expression was involved in cellular oxidative injury. Furthermore, IP3R-mediated calcium overload and XO-dependent oxidative damage were able to initiate cellular apoptosis. More importantly, IP3R and XO also caused F-actin degradation into G-actin via post-transcriptional modification of cofilin, impairing the formation of the filopodia and limiting the migratory response of endothelial cells. Altogether, our data confirmed that Ripk3 was involved in microvascular IR injury via regulation of IP3R-mediated calcium overload, XO-dependent oxidative damage and filopodia-related cellular migration, ultimately leading to endothelial apoptosis and migratory inhibition. These findings provide a potential target for treating cardiac microcirculatory IR injury. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surface compositions of atomic layer deposited Zn{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}O thin films studied using Auger electron spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Ting; Romero, Danilo; Gomez, Romel D., E-mail: rdgomez@umd.edu

2015-09-15

In this paper, the authors present Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) studies of Zn{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}O (ZMO) films grown via interrupted atomic-layer deposition (ALD) techniques. The ZMO films were fabricated by alternating ALD deposition of ZnO and MgO layers up to 1000 cycles. Zn{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}O films with progressively decreasing Mg/Zn ratios (Mg/Zn = 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/9, and 2/8, 3/12, 4/16, and 5/20) were fabricated for this study. The AES results exhibit an abrupt drop of Mg composition on the ZMO surface when the Mg/Zn < 1/3. Additionally, the surface composition ratios of O to Mg, O to Zn, and Mgmore » to Zn were estimated with known Auger sensitivity factors. The results indicate that Mg ions diffuse into the bulk, forming Zn{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}O alloys.« less

Magnetic and hyperthermia properties of CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles synthesized via cation exchange

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohapatra, Jeotikanta; Xing, Meiying; Liu, J. Ping

2018-05-01

We demonstrate magnetic and hyperthermia properties of CoxFe3-xO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) nanoparticles synthesized via a simple cation exchange reaction of ˜12 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The substitution of Fe cations with Co2+ ions leads to enhanced magnetocrystalline anisotropy and coercivity of the pristine superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Hyperthermia measurement shows that by controlling the Co content (x = 0 to 0.5) in CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles, their specific absorption rate (SAR) can be greatly improved from 132 to 534 W/g. The strong enhancement in SAR value is attributed to the increased anisotropy and coercivity. Moreover, with the increase of ac magnetic field from 184 to 491 Oe, the SAR values of Fe3O4 and Co0.5Fe2.5O4 nanoparticles increase from 81 to 132 W/g and 220 to 534 W/g, respectively.

21 CFR 146.141 - Canned orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Beverages § 146.141 Canned orange juice. (a) Canned orange juice is the food prepared from orange juice as... the deoiling operation may be added back. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients named in... milliliters of juice is not less than 9 to 1. (b) The optional sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph...

21 CFR 146.141 - Canned orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Beverages § 146.141 Canned orange juice. (a) Canned orange juice is the food prepared from orange juice as... the deoiling operation may be added back. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients named in... milliliters of juice is not less than 9 to 1. (b) The optional sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph...

21 CFR 146.141 - Canned orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Beverages § 146.141 Canned orange juice. (a) Canned orange juice is the food prepared from orange juice as... the deoiling operation may be added back. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients named in... milliliters of juice is not less than 9 to 1. (b) The optional sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph...

21 CFR 146.141 - Canned orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Beverages § 146.141 Canned orange juice. (a) Canned orange juice is the food prepared from orange juice as... the deoiling operation may be added back. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients named in... milliliters of juice is not less than 9 to 1. (b) The optional sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph...

21 CFR 146.141 - Canned orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Beverages § 146.141 Canned orange juice. (a) Canned orange juice is the food prepared from orange juice as... the deoiling operation may be added back. One or more of the optional sweetening ingredients named in... milliliters of juice is not less than 9 to 1. (b) The optional sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph...

Efficient up-conversion in Yb:Er:NaT(XO4)2 thermal nanoprobes. Imaging of their distribution in a perfused mouse

PubMed Central

Serrano, María Dolores; Han, Xiumei; Cascales, Concepción; Cantero, Marta; Montoliu, Lluís; Arza, Elvira; Caiolfa, Valeria R.; Zamai, Moreno

2017-01-01

Yb and Er codoped NaT(XO4)2 (T = Y, La, Gd, Lu and X = Mo, W) disordered oxides show a green (Er3+ related) up-conversion (UC) efficiency comparable to that of Yb:Er:β-NaYF4 compound and unless 3 times larger UC ratiometric thermal sensitivity. The similar UC efficiency of Yb:Er doped NaT(XO4)2 and β-NaYF4 compounds allowed testing equal subcutaneous depths of ex-vivo chicken tissue in both cases. This extraordinary behavior for NaT(XO4)2 oxides with large cutoff phonon energy (ħω≈ 920 cm-1) is ascribed to 4F9/2 electron population recycling to higher energy 4G11/2 level by a phonon assisted transition. Crystalline nanoparticles of Yb:Er:NaLu(MoO4)2 have been synthesized by sol-gel with sizes most commonly in the 50–80 nm range, showing a relatively small reduction of the UC efficiency with regards to bulk materials. Fluorescence lifetime and multiphoton imaging microscopies show that these nanoparticles can be efficiently distributed to all body organs of a perfused mouse. PMID:28542327

Inheritance of resistance to orange rust in sugarcane

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange rust, caused by Puccinia kuehnii, is an economically important disease in the Florida sugarcane industry. In this study, orange rust reactions of seedlings in progenies originating from 12 crosses between female and male parents with differing resistance to orange rust (three of each categor...

Inheritance of resistance to orange rust in sugarcane

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange rust, caused by Puccinia kuehnii, is an economically important disease in the Florida sugarcane industry. In this study, orange rust reactions of seedlings in progenies originating from 12 crosses between female and male parents with differing resistance to orange rust (three of each category...

Simultaneous electrical transport and Raman spectroscopic measurements on individual nanowires of WxV1 - xO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Tai-Lung; Whittaker, Luisa; Patridge, C. J.; Banerjee, S.; Sambandamurthy, G.

2011-03-01

Vanadium oxide is a well-know material to study the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in correlated electron systems. Upon heating to about 340 K, VO2 undergoes orders of magnitude drop in resistance from an insulating phase (I) to a metallic phase (M) and accompanies a lattice structural phase transition from a low-temperature monoclinical phase (M1) to a high-temperature tetragonal phase (R). We present results from combined electrical transport and Raman spectroscopic measurements to discern the effects of doping in controllably tuning the MIT in individual nanowires of single crystal WxV1 - xO2 . The MIT temperature (Tc) in our WxV1 - xO2 nanowires can be tuned through a wide range from 280 to 330 K by controlling the dopant concentration. The M-I transition can also driven electrically in these nanowires. Our simultaneous measurement of electrical transport and Raman spectroscopic measurement help us understand the role of structural transition in affecting the macroscopic electrical transition in individual wires.

Photoconversion in orange and red fluorescent proteins

PubMed Central

Kremers, Gert-Jan; Hazelwood, Kristin L.; Murphy, Christopher S.; Davidson, Michael W.; Piston, David W.

2009-01-01

We report that photoconversion is fairly common among orange and red fluorescent proteins, as a screen of 12 variants yielded 8 that exhibit photoconversion. Specifically, three red fluorescent proteins can be switched into a green state, and two orange variants can be photoconverted to the far red. The orange highlighters are ideal for dual-probe highlighter applications, and they exhibit the most red-shifted excitation of all fluorescent protein described to date. PMID:19363494

High-rate deposition of LiNb 1- xTa xO 3 films by thermal plasma spray CVD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majima, T.; Yamamoto, H.; Kulinich, S. A.; Terashima, K.

2000-12-01

LiNb 1- xTa xO 3 films were prepared by a thermal plasma spray CVD method using liquid source materials. Preferentially (0 0 1)-oriented LiNb 1- xTa xO 3 films with satisfactory in-plane and out-of-plane alignment were fabricated on sapphire (0 0 1) substrates. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the (0 0 6) rocking curve could achieve 0.12°, which was comparable with those of LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 films prepared by other conventional vapor-phase deposition methods. The deposition rate was up to 0.07 μm/min, which was 5-40 times faster than those for most other conventional vapor-phase deposition methods. From inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis, x values of these films were estimated to be 0.36-0.49.

Synthesis and characterization of lithium aluminum-doped spinel (LiAl xMn 2- xO 4) for lithium secondary battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Yun-Sung; Kumada, Naoki; Yoshio, Masaki

LiAl xMn 2- xO 4 has been synthesized using various aluminum starting materials, such as Al(NO 3) 3, Al(OH) 3, AlF 3 and Al 2O 3 at 600-800°C for 20 h in air or oxygen atmosphere. A melt-impregnation method was used to synthesize Al-doped spinel with good battery performance in this research. The Al-doped content and the intensity ratio of (3 1 1)/(4 0 0) peaks can be important parameters in synthesizing Al-doped spinel which satisfies the requirements of high discharge capacity and good cycleability at the same time. The decrease in Mn 3+ ion by Al substitution induces a high average oxidation state of Mn ion in the LiAl xMn 2- xO 4 material. The electrochemical behavior of all samples was studied in Li/LiPF 6-EC/DMC (1:2 by volume)/LiAl xMn 2- xO 4 cells. Especially, the initial and last discharge capacity of LiAl 0.09Mn 1.97O 4 using LiOH, Mn 3O 4 and Al(OH) 3 complex were 128.7 and 115.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles. The Al substitution in LiMn 2O 4 was an excellent method of enhancing the cycleability of stoichiometric spinel during electrochemical cycling.

Urinary excretion of Citrus flavanones and their major catabolites after consumption of fresh oranges and pasteurized orange juice: A randomized cross-over study.

PubMed

Aschoff, Julian K; Riedl, Ken M; Cooperstone, Jessica L; Högel, Josef; Bosy-Westphal, Anja; Schwartz, Steven J; Carle, Reinhold; Schweiggert, Ralf M

2016-12-01

Orange juice contains flavanones including hesperidin and narirutin, albeit at lower concentrations as compared to orange fruit. Therefore, we compared bioavailability and colonic catabolism of flavanones from orange juice to a 2.4-fold higher dose from fresh oranges. Following a randomized two-way cross-over design, 12 healthy subjects consumed a test meal comprising either fresh oranges or pasteurized orange juice, delivering 1774 and 751 μmol of total Citrus flavanones, respectively. Deglucuronidated and desulfated hesperetin, naringenin, and the flavanone catabolites 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, and hippuric acid were quantitated in 24-h urine by UHPLC-MS/MS. Differences in urinary hesperetin excretion were found to be nonsignificant (p = 0.5209) both after consumption of orange fruit (21.6 ± 8.0 μmol) and juice (18.3 ± 7.2 μmol). By analogy, postprandial flavanone catabolite excretions were highly similar between treatments. Excretion of 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid was inversely related to that of hesperetin, illustrating the catabolite/precursor relationship. Despite 2.4-fold higher doses, excretion of flavanones from ingested fresh orange fruit did not differ from that following orange juice consumption, possibly due to a saturation of absorption or their entrapment in the fiber-rich matrix of the fruit. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

21 CFR 146.150 - Canned concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... dilution ratio greater than 3 plus 1 is “Canned concentrated orange juice, ___ plus 1” or “Canned orange juice concentrate, ___ plus 1”, the blank being filled in with the whole number showing the dilution ratio; for example, “Canned orange juice concentrate, 4 plus 1”. However, where the label bears...

21 CFR 146.150 - Canned concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... dilution ratio greater than 3 plus 1 is “Canned concentrated orange juice, ___ plus 1” or “Canned orange juice concentrate, ___ plus 1”, the blank being filled in with the whole number showing the dilution ratio; for example, “Canned orange juice concentrate, 4 plus 1”. However, where the label bears...

21 CFR 146.150 - Canned concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... dilution ratio greater than 3 plus 1 is “Canned concentrated orange juice, ___ plus 1” or “Canned orange juice concentrate, ___ plus 1”, the blank being filled in with the whole number showing the dilution ratio; for example, “Canned orange juice concentrate, 4 plus 1”. However, where the label bears...

21 CFR 146.150 - Canned concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... dilution ratio greater than 3 plus 1 is “Canned concentrated orange juice, ___ plus 1” or “Canned orange juice concentrate, ___ plus 1”, the blank being filled in with the whole number showing the dilution ratio; for example, “Canned orange juice concentrate, 4 plus 1”. However, where the label bears...

21 CFR 146.150 - Canned concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... dilution ratio greater than 3 plus 1 is “Canned concentrated orange juice, ___ plus 1” or “Canned orange juice concentrate, ___ plus 1”, the blank being filled in with the whole number showing the dilution ratio; for example, “Canned orange juice concentrate, 4 plus 1”. However, where the label bears...

Effect of chlorine dioxide gas on Salmonella enterica inoculated on navel orange surfaces and its impact on the quality attributes of treated oranges.

PubMed

Bhagat, Arpan; Mahmoud, Barakat S M; Linton, Richard H

2011-01-01

Microorganisms, including pathogens of public health significance, have been shown to contaminate orange juice during the mechanical extraction of juice. The problem gets exacerbated when washed oranges have high initial microbial load, due to an insufficient postharvest treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the reduction of Salmonella enterica on orange surfaces using ClO₂ gas treatments to achieve a 5 log reduction, consistent with the recommendations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods. A mixed culture of four Salmonella strains, isolated from previous orange juice outbreaks, was spot inoculated onto orange skin surface areas. The oranges were then treated with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/L ClO₂ gas for 2-14 minutes at 22°C and 90%-95% relative humidity. Surviving bacteria on treated areas were recovered and enumerated over treatment time on a nonselective medium, tryptic soy agar, followed by culturing onto a selective medium, xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. A >5 log reduction of Salmonella per sample of orange surface was observed with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/L ClO₂ gas treatments at 14 minutes and a similar log reduction was observed at 0.5 mg/L ClO₂ gas at 10 minutes. This result demonstrates that the treatment of oranges with ClO₂ gas is a promising technology that could be successfully employed for the treatment of whole oranges to reduce the risk of Salmonella outbreaks in orange juice.

WARM SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF THREE HOT EXOPLANETS: XO-4b, HAT-P-6b, AND HAT-P-8b

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Todorov, Kamen O.; Deming, Drake; Knutson, Heather A.

2012-02-10

We analyze Warm Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera observations of the secondary eclipses of three planets, XO-4b, HAT-P-6b, and HAT-P-8b. We measure secondary eclipse amplitudes at 3.6 {mu}m and 4.5 {mu}m for each target. XO-4b exhibits a stronger eclipse depth at 4.5 {mu}m than at 3.6 {mu}m, which is consistent with the presence of a temperature inversion. HAT-P-8b shows a stronger eclipse amplitude at 3.6 {mu}m and is best described by models without a temperature inversion. The eclipse depths of HAT-P-6b can be fitted with models with a small or no temperature inversion. We consider our results in the context of amore » postulated relationship between stellar activity and temperature inversion and a relationship between irradiation level and planet dayside temperature, as discussed by Knutson et al. and Cowan and Agol, respectively. Our results are consistent with these hypotheses, but do not significantly strengthen them. To measure accurate secondary eclipse central phases, we require accurate ephemerides. We obtain primary transit observations and supplement them with publicly available observations to update the orbital ephemerides of the three planets. Based on the secondary eclipse timing, we set upper boundaries for ecos ({omega}) for HAT-P-6b, HAT-P-8b, and XO-4b and find that the values are consistent with circular orbits.« less

Study of Fricke-gel dosimeter calibration for attaining precise measurements of the absorbed dose

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liosi, Giulia Maria; Benedini, Sara; Giacobbo, Francesca

2015-07-01

A method has been studied for attaining, with good precision, absolute measurements of the spatial distribution of the absorbed dose by means of the Fricke gelatin Xylenol Orange dosimetric system. With this aim, the dose response to subsequent irradiations was analyzed. In fact, the proposed modality is based on a pre-irradiation of each single dosimeter in a uniform field with a known dose, in order to extrapolate a calibration image for a subsequent non-uniform irradiation with an un-known dose to be measured. (authors)

Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous and hollow-mesoporous MxFe3-xO4 (M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) microspheres for microwave-triggered controllable drug delivery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ping; Cui, Bin; Bu, Yumei; Yang, Zhenfeng; Wang, Yaoyu

2017-12-01

Spinel ferrites can be used in magnetic targeting and microwave heating and can therefore be used for targeted and controllable drug delivery. We used the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted solvothermal method to synthesize a series of spinel ferrites (MxFe3-xO4, M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with a mesoporous or hollow-mesoporous structure suitable for direct drug loading and the particle diameters ranging from 200 to 350 nm. We investigated the effects of M2+ cation on the morphology and properties of these products by analyzing their transmission electron microscopy images, mesoporous properties, magnetic properties, and microwave responses. We chose hollow-mesoporous MxFe3-xO4 (M=Fe, Co, Zn) nanoparticles, which had better overall properties, for the drug VP16 (etoposide) loading and microwave-controlled release. The CoxFe3-xO4 and Fe3O4 particles trapped 61.5 and 64.8%, respectively, of the VP16, which were higher than that (60.4%) of ZnxFe3-xO4. Controllable drug release by these simple magnetic nanocarriers can be achieved by microwave irradiation, and VP16-loaded CoxFe3-xO4 released the most VP16 molecules (more than 50% after 1 h and 69.1% after 6 h) under microwave irradiation. Our results confirm the favorable drug loading and microwave-controlled delivery by these ferrites, and lay a theoretical foundation to promote clinical application of the targeted controllable drug delivery system. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

7 CFR 29.1043 - Orange (F).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Orange (F). 29.1043 Section 29.1043 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Type 92) § 29.1043 Orange (F). A reddish yellow. [42 FR 21092, Apr. 25, 1977. Redesignated at 47 FR...

Shelter and remotely sensed night temperatures in orange groves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caselles, V.; Sobrino, J. A.

1991-06-01

In previous papers we have used a linear regression approach for determining nocturnal air temperature in orange groves from satellite thermal data. However, this procedure has a poor precision (≈ 2 °C) for applications such as frost forecasting. For this reason a theoretical method has been proposed, which is based on the following assumptions: (1) the air temperature ( T a) is the result of the convective heat exchange between ground and air, and between air and orange trees, and (2) the remotely-sensed temperature ( T) can be expressed as a function of ground ( T g) and orange tree ( T s) temperatures. So the relationship T = T a + ( a g - α) ( T g - Ts) has been derived, where a = (1 + h 2πR/h1L)-1 and α g = ( ɛ g/ɛ) [ P g + (1 - ɛ 0) G'P s]; h 1 is the convective heat transfer coefficient between ground and air, h 2 is the convective heat transfer coefficient between air and orange tree, R is the orange tree radius, L is the distance between two orange tree trunks, ɛ g and ɛ 0 are the emissivities of the ground and of the orange tree, ɛ is the effective emissivity, P g and P s are the proportions of ground and side of the orange tree observed by the sensor, and G' is the shape factor ground-side. Two experiments were carried out in order to validate this model, in which air temperature was measured by means of a mercury thermometer positioned at 1.5m above the ground and in the middle of two orange tree rows. The temperature of the orange tree and the ground was measured with a radiometer, and the temperature of the orange grove was obtained by means of a manual scanning system. Ground and orange tree emissivities were measured using the box method. We have analyzed the dependence of the T-T a relationship on weather conditions, field architecture and viewing angle, and we can conclude that if these parameters are known, the shelter temperature can be obtained from satellite thermal data with a precision of 0.8 °C.

Orange County Photovoltaic Project & Educational COmponent

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parker, Renee

The purpose of this report is to discuss the projects implemented, utilizing Department of Energy grant funds, to support the use and understanding of renewable energy in Orange County, Florida and the Greater Orlando Area. Orange County is located in the State of Florida and is most popularly referred to as Orlando. The greater Orlando area’s current population is 1,225,267 and in 2015 was the first destination to surpass 60 million visitors. Orange County utilized grant funds to add to the growing demand for access to charging stations by installing one level 2 dual NovaCharge CT4021 electric vehicle charging stationmore » at the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center. The charging station is considered a “smart” charger connected to a central network operated by a third party. Data collected includes the number of charging sessions, session start and end times, the electricity usage, greenhouse gases saved and other pertinent data used for reporting purposes. Orange County continues to support the use of electric vehicles in Metro Orlando and this project continues to bring awareness to our public regarding using alternative vehicles. Additionally, we offer all visitors to the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center free charges for their electric vehicles 24 hours a day. Since the operation of the charging station there have been 52 unique driver users, a total of 532.2258 kg of greenhouse gas savings and 159.03 gallons of gasoline savings. The installation of the additional electric vehicle charging station is part of a county-wide goal of promoting implementation of renewable energy technologies as well as supporting the use of electric vehicles including the Drive Electric Orlando & Florida programs. http://driveelectricorlando.com/ & ; http://www.driveelectricflorida.org/ . Grant funds were also used for Outreach and Educational efforts. Educational efforts about renewable energy were accomplished

ORANGES evaluation final report : for the US DOT sponsored evaluation of the ORANGES electronic payment systems field operational test

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-06

This report describes the findings of the US DOT-sponsored evaluation of the Orlando (Florida) ORANGES multi-modal Field Operational Test (FOT); the report includes: a background description of the ORANGES FOT; the Evaluation Strategy and Plan, which...

The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

PubMed

Xu, Qiang; Chen, Ling-Ling; Ruan, Xiaoan; Chen, Dijun; Zhu, Andan; Chen, Chunli; Bertrand, Denis; Jiao, Wen-Biao; Hao, Bao-Hai; Lyon, Matthew P; Chen, Jiongjiong; Gao, Song; Xing, Feng; Lan, Hong; Chang, Ji-Wei; Ge, Xianhong; Lei, Yang; Hu, Qun; Miao, Yin; Wang, Lun; Xiao, Shixin; Biswas, Manosh Kumar; Zeng, Wenfang; Guo, Fei; Cao, Hongbo; Yang, Xiaoming; Xu, Xi-Wen; Cheng, Yun-Jiang; Xu, Juan; Liu, Ji-Hong; Luo, Oscar Junhong; Tang, Zhonghui; Guo, Wen-Wu; Kuang, Hanhui; Zhang, Hong-Yu; Roose, Mikeal L; Nagarajan, Niranjan; Deng, Xiu-Xin; Ruan, Yijun

2013-01-01

Oranges are an important nutritional source for human health and have immense economic value. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). The assembled sequence covers 87.3% of the estimated orange genome, which is relatively compact, as 20% is composed of repetitive elements. We predicted 29,445 protein-coding genes, half of which are in the heterozygous state. With additional sequencing of two more citrus species and comparative analyses of seven citrus genomes, we present evidence to suggest that sweet orange originated from a backcross hybrid between pummelo and mandarin. Focused analysis on genes involved in vitamin C metabolism showed that GalUR, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the galacturonate pathway, is significantly upregulated in orange fruit, and the recent expansion of this gene family may provide a genomic basis. This draft genome represents a valuable resource for understanding and improving many important citrus traits in the future.

8. August, 1970 PUMP BEHIND PELEG COGGESHALL HOUSE, 10 ORANGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. August, 1970 PUMP BEHIND PELEG COGGESHALL HOUSE, 10 ORANGE STREET (MASS-1063) - Orange & Union Streets Neighborhood Study, 8-31 Orange Street, 9-21 Union Street & Stone Alley, Nantucket, Nantucket County, MA

Orange County Government Solar Demonstration and Research Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parker, Renee; Cunniff, Lori

Orange County Florida completed the construction of a 20 kilowatt Solar Demonstration and Research Facility in March 2015. The system was constructed at the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center whose electric service address is 6021 South Conway Road, Orlando, Florida 32802. The Solar Demonstration and Research Facility is comprised of 72 polycrystalline photovoltaic modules and 3 inverters which convert direct current from the solar panels to alternating current electricity. Each module produces 270 watts of direct current power, for a total canopy production of just under 20,000 watts. The solar modules were installed with a fixed tilt ofmore » 5 degrees and face south, toward the equator to maximize the amount of sunlight captures. Each year, the electricity generated by the solar array will help eliminate 20 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions as well as provide covered parking for staff and visitors vehicles. The solar array is expected to generate 27,000 kilowatt hours of electricity annually equating to an estimated $266 savings in the monthly electric bill, or $3,180 annually for the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center. In addition to reducing the electric bill for the Extension Center, Orange County’s solar array also takes advantage of a rebate incentive offered by the local utility, Orlando Utility Commission, which provided a meter that measures the amount of power produced by the solar array. The local utility company’s Solar Photovoltaic Production Incentive will pay Orange County $0.05 per kilowatt hour for the power that is produced by the solar array. This incentive is provided in addition to Net Metering benefits, which is an effort to promote the use of clean, renewable energy on the electric grid. The Photovoltaic Solar Demonstration and Research Facility also serves an educational tool to the public; the solar array is tied directly into a data logger that provides real time

Fresh squeezed orange juice odor: a review.

PubMed

Perez-Cacho, Pilar Ruiz; Rouseff, Russell L

2008-08-01

Fresh orange juice is a highly desirable but unstable product. This review examines analytical findings, odor activity, and variations due to cultivar, sampling methods, manner of juicing, plus possible enzymatic and microbial artifacts. Initial attempts to characterize orange juice odor were based on volatile quantitation and overemphasized the importance of high concentration volatiles. Although over 300 volatiles have been reported from GC-MS analytical studies, this review presents 36 consensus aroma active components from GC-olfactometry studies consisting of 14 aldehydes, 7 esters, 5 terpenes, 6 alcohols, and 4 ketones. Most are trace (microg/L) components. (+)-Limonene is an essential component in orange juice odor although its exact function is still uncertain. Total amounts of volatiles in mechanically squeezed juices are three to 10 times greater than hand-squeezed juices because of elevated peel oil levels. Elevated peel oil changes the relative proportion of several key odorants. Odor active components from solvent extraction studies differ from those collected using headspace techniques as they include volatiles with low vapor pressure such as vanillin. Some reported odorants such as 2,3-butanedione are microbial contamination artifacts. Orange juice odor models confirm that fresh orange aroma is complex as the most successful models contain 23 odorants.

21 CFR 82.1261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 11. 82.1261 Section 82.1261 Food... CERTIFIED PROVISIONALLY LISTED COLORS AND SPECIFICATIONS Drugs and Cosmetics § 82.1261 D&C Orange No. 11. The color additive D&C Orange No. 11 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements...

21 CFR 82.1260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 10. 82.1260 Section 82.1260 Food... CERTIFIED PROVISIONALLY LISTED COLORS AND SPECIFICATIONS Drugs and Cosmetics § 82.1260 D&C Orange No. 10. The color additive D&C Orange No. 10 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements...

PHOTOMICROGRAPH - SPHERE FRAGMENTS - "ORANGE" SOIL - APOLLO 17 - MSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-01-04

S73-15171 (4 Jan. 1973) --- These orange glass spheres and fragments are the finest particles ever brought back from the moon. Ranging in size from 20 to 45 microns (about 1/1000 of an inch) the particles are magnified 160 times in this photomicrograph made in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center. The orange soil was brought back from the Taurus-Littrow landing site by the Apollo 17 crewmen. Scientist-astronaut Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt discovered the orange soil at Shorty Crater during the second Apollo 17 extravehicular activity (EVA). This lunar material is being studied and analyzed by scientists in the LRL. The orange particles in this photomicrograph, which are intermixed with black and black-speckled grains, are about the same size as the particles that compose silt on Earth. Chemical analysis of the orange soil material has shown the sample to be similar to some of the samples brought back from the Apollo 11 (Sea of Tranquility) site several hundred miles to the southwest. Like those samples, it is rich in titanium (8%) and iron oxide (22%). But unlike the Apollo 11 samples, the orange soil is unexplainably rich in zinc ? an anomaly that has scientists in a quandary. This Apollo 17 sample is not high in volatile elements, nor do the minerals contain substantial amounts of water. These would have provided strong evidence of volcanic activity. On the other hand, the lack of agglutinates (rocks made up of a variety of minerals cemented together) indicates that the orange glass is probably not the product of meteorite impact -- strengthening the argument that the glass was produced by volcanic activity.

ORANGES evaluation final report appendices : for the US DOT sponsored evaluation of the ORANGES electronic payment systems field operational test

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-06

These are the appendices for the report describing the findings of the US DOT-sponsored evaluation of the Orlando (Florida) ORANGES multi-modal Field Operational Test (FOT); the report includes: a background description of the ORANGES FOT; the Evalua...

21 CFR 74.1255 - D&C Orange No. 5.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 5. 74.1255 Section 74.1255 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1255 D&C Orange No. 5. (a) Identity. (1) the color additive D&C Orange No. 5 is a mixture consisting principally the sodium salt of 4′,5′-dibromofluorescein (CAS...

21 CFR 74.1261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 11. 74.1261 Section 74.1261 Food... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1261 D&C Orange No. 11. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive D&C Orange No. 11 is a mixture consisting principally of the disodium salts of 4′,5...

21 CFR 74.1254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 4. 74.1254 Section 74.1254 Food and... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1254 D&C Orange No. 4. (a) Identity. (1) the color additive D&C Orange No. 4 is principally the sodium salt of 4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)azo]benzenesulfonic...

21 CFR 82.1254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 4. 82.1254 Section 82.1254 Food and... PROVISIONALLY LISTED COLORS AND SPECIFICATIONS Drugs and Cosmetics § 82.1254 D&C Orange No. 4. The color additive D&C Orange No. 4 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements of § 74.1254(a...

Orange peel products can reduce Salmonella populations in ruminants.

PubMed

Callaway, Todd R; Carroll, Jeffery A; Arthington, John D; Edrington, Tom S; Anderson, Robin C; Rossman, Michelle L; Carr, Mandy A; Genovese, Ken J; Ricke, Steve C; Crandall, Phil; Nisbet, David J

2011-10-01

Salmonella can live undetected in the gut of food animals and be transmitted to humans. Animal diets can impact intestinal populations of foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella spp. Orange juice production results in a waste product, orange peel and orange pulp, which has a high nutritive value and is often included in cattle diets as a least-cost ration ingredient. Here we show that the inclusion of orange peel products reduced Salmonella Typhimurium populations in the gut of experimentally inoculated sheep. Sheep (n=24) were fed a cracked corn grain-based high grain diet that was supplemented with a 50%/50% (dry matter [DM], w/w) mixture of dried orange pellet and fresh orange peel to achieve a final concentration (DM, basis) of 0%, 10%, or 20% orange product (OP) for 10 days before inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium. Sheep were experimentally inoculated with 10(10) colony forming units Salmonella Typhimurium, and fecal samples were collected every 24 h after inoculation. Sheep were humanely euthanized at 96 h after oral Salmonella inoculation. Populations of inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium were numerically reduced by OP treatment throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and this reduction only reached significant levels in the cecum (p<0.05) of sheep fed 10% OP diets. Apparent palatability issues decreased the consumption of OP in sheep fed 20% OP to intake levels below that of 10% OP (approximately 7% dry matter intake [DMI]/d feed refusal), thereby reducing the potential effects of OP feeding at this higher level. Our results demonstrate that orange peel and pellets are environmentally friendly and low-cost products that can be used as a pre-harvest intervention as part of an integrated pathogen reduction scheme.

7 CFR 29.1044 - Orange Red (FR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Orange Red (FR). 29.1044 Section 29.1044 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Type 92) § 29.1044 Orange Red (FR). A yellowish red. [42 FR 21092, Apr. 25, 1977. Redesignated at 47 FR...

Volatile and nonvolatile flavor chemical evaluation of USDA orange-mandarin hybrids for comparison to sweet orange and mandarin fruit

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Three citrus hybrids, containing 50-75% sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) genome in their pedigrees and similar to sweet orange in fruit size, color and taste, were tested for their potential to be classified as new “sweet orange” cultivars. 'Hamlin', ‘Midsweet’, and three other early to mid-season swe...

21 CFR 74.1260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 10. 74.1260 Section 74.1260 Food... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1260 D&C Orange No. 10. (a) Identity. (1) The color additive D&C Orange No. 10 is a mixture consisting principally of 4′,5′-diiodofluorescein, 2′,4′,5...

7 CFR 905.306 - Orange, Grapefruit, Tangerine and Tangelo Regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Orange, Grapefruit, Tangerine and Tangelo Regulation... AGRICULTURE ORANGES, GRAPEFRUIT, TANGERINES, AND TANGELOS GROWN IN FLORIDA Grade and Size Requirements § 905.306 Orange, Grapefruit, Tangerine and Tangelo Regulation. (a) During the period specified in column (2...

Structural and magnetic properties of non-stoichiometric Fe1-xO thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muhammed Shameem P., V.; Mekala, Laxman; Kumar, M. Senthil

2018-04-01

The Fe1-xO thin films of various iron deficiencies (x) have been grown at ambient temperature by reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique and their structural and magnetic properties are studied. The structural study shows that the films are polycrystalline. As the iron content (1-x) varies from 0.924 to 0.855 a clear consistent change in the preferential orientation of the grains from [111] to the [200] direction is observed. The magnetization measurements show the possible existence of small superparamagnetic defect clusters at 300 K and large spinel-type defect clusters below the Neel temperature.

Orange fiber laser for ophthalmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adachi, M.; Kojima, K.; Hayashi, K.

2007-02-01

For the light source of photocoagulators for ophthalmology, orange laser is more suitable than green laser because of low scattering loss by the crystalline lens, and low absorption by xanthophylls in the retina. We developed two orange fiber lasers (580 nm and 590 nm) to investigate the effect depending on the difference in the range of orange. The 580nm laser is composed of a 1160 nm fiber laser and a Periodically Polled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) crystal for second harmonic generation. The 1160 nm fiber laser beam is focused into the MgO-doped PPLN crystal whose length is 30 mm with 3-pass configuration. Continuous-wave 1.3 W output power of 580 nm was obtained with 5.8 W input power of 1160nm for the first time. The conversion efficiency was 22%. The band width of the second harmonic was 0.006 nm (FWHM). The 590 nm laser is almost the same as 580 nm laser source. In this case we used a Raman shift fiber to generate 1180 nm, and the output power of 590 nm was 1.4 W. We developed an evaluation model of photocoagulator system using these two laser sources. A 700 mW coagulation output power was obtained with this orange fiber laser photocoagulator system. This is enough power for the eye surgery. We have the prospect of the maintenance-free, long-life system that is completely air-cooled. We are planning to evaluate this photocoagulator system in order to investigate the difference between the two wavelengths at the field test.

Validation of a pXO2-A PCR Assay To Explore Diversity among Italian Isolates of Bacillus anthracis Strains Closely Related to the Live, Attenuated Carbosap Vaccine

PubMed Central

Muscillo, M.; La Rosa, G.; Sali, M.; De Carolis, E.; Adone, R.; Ciuchini, F.; Fasanella, A.

2005-01-01

Several circulating Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Italy and belonging to the A1.a cluster, genotype 3 (A1.a-3) are genotypically indistinguishable from Carbosap, a live attenuated vaccine strain, containing both pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids. The genotype was assessed by using eight-locus multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. We describe here the use of a ninth locus able to explore variability among strains that have the same genotype. It is important to be able to genotype the wild isolate of B. anthracis strains from outbreaks of anthrax in areas where Carbosap vaccination of cattle and sheep is common practice. A total of 27 representative field strains isolated in Italy and four vaccinal strains, namely, Carbosap, Sterne, Pasteur I, and Pasteur II, were characterized by a ninth marker, called pXO2-A. Twenty-three field strains were genotype 3 and therefore identical to Carbosap. The marker was in the pXO2 plasmid and is based on the polymorphism of the already-known VX2-3 locus. Detection was obtained by PCR with fluorescence-labeled forward primers in order to produce appropriate fragments for capillary electrophoresis with an ABI 310 genetic analyzer. Genetic relationships showed heterogeneity in all of the examined samples. Interestingly, with respect to genotype 3, samples grouped into eight different subtypes, A to H, and the subtype G, had only two samples indistinguishable from Carbosap. The results of the present study confirm the validity of a hierarchical progressive protocol for discrimination among closely related isolates. PMID:16145138

Characterization of thin films of the solid electrolyte Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25).

PubMed

Put, Brecht; Vereecken, Philippe M; Mees, Maarten J; Rosciano, Fabio; Radu, Iuliana P; Stesmans, Andre

2015-11-21

RF-sputtered thin films of spinel Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 were investigated for use as solid electrolyte. The usage of this material can enable the fabrication of a lattice matched battery stack, which is predicted to lead to superior battery performance. Spinel Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 thin films, with stoichiometry (x) ranging between 0 and 0.25, were formed after a crystallization anneal as shown by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The stoichiometry of the films was evaluated by elastic recoil detection and Rutherford backscattering and found to be slightly aluminum rich. The excellent electronic insulation properties were confirmed by both current-voltage measurements as well as by copper plating tests. The electrochemical stability window of the material was probed using cyclic voltammetry. Lithium plating and stripping was observed together with the formation of a Li-Pt alloy, indicating that Li-ions passed through the film. This observation contradicted with impedance measurements at open circuit potential, which showed no apparent Li-ion conductivity of the film. Impedance spectroscopy as a function of potential showed the occurrence of Li-ion intercalation into the Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 layers. When incorporating Li-ions in the material the ionic conductivity can be increased by 3 orders of magnitude. Therefore it is anticipated that the response of Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 is more adequate for a buffer layer than as the solid electrolyte.

Extraction of orange peel's essential oil by solvent-free microwave extraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qadariyah, Lailatul; Amelia, Prilia Dwi; Admiralia, Cininta; Bhuana, Donny S.; Mahfud, Mahfud

2017-05-01

Sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) is part of orange plant that contains essential oils. Generally, taking essential oil from orange peel is still using hydrodistillation and steam-hydrodistillation method which still needs solvent and takes a long time to produce high quality essential oil. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment are to study the process of orange peel's essential oil extraction using Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and to study the operating condition that effect an optimum yield and quality of the essential oil. In this experiment, extraction process with SFME method goes for 60 minutes at atmospheric pressure. Variables for SFME are: variation of orange peel condition (fresh and dry), ratio orange peel mass to distiller volume (0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 g/mL), orange peel size (±0,5; ±2; ±3,5 cm width), and microwave power (100, 264, 400 Watt). Moisture content of fresh peel is 71,4% and for dry peel is 17,37% which is obtained by sun drying. The result of this experiment will be analyzed with GC-MS, SEM, density, and miscibility in ethanol 90%. The optimum result obtained from this experiment based on the number of the yield under condition of fresh orange peel is at peel mass/distiller volume 0,1 g/mL, orange peel size ±3,5 cm width, and microwave power 400 Watt, results 1,6738% yield. The result of GC-MS for fresh orange peel shows that the dominant compound is Limonene 54,140% and for dry orange peel is Limonene 59,705%. The density obtained is around 0,8282-0,8530 g/mL and miscibility in ethanol 90% is 1:5.

β-Cryptoxanthin is more bioavailable in humans from fermented orange juice than from orange juice.

PubMed

Hornero-Méndez, Dámaso; Cerrillo, Isabel; Ortega, Ángeles; Rodríguez-Griñolo, María-Rosario; Escudero-López, Blanca; Martín, Franz; Fernández-Pachón, María-Soledad

2018-10-01

Carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin, exert multiple biological activities in the organism. Various processing techniques can improve carotenoid bioavailability in relation to the food matrix. The study objective was to compare the bioavailability of carotenoids from orange juice (OJ) with that from a beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation of orange juice (FOB). Seven volunteers were recruited for a randomized, controlled, and crossover study. Post-intake plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC in the subjects at 0-8 h after their consumption of OJ or FOB. β-Cryptoxanthin and lutein absorption was significantly higher from FOB than from OJ, but no significant difference in zeaxanthin absorption was found. The mean baseline-corrected area under the concentration curve (AUC 0-8 h ) for β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin was 24.6-, 1.3- and 4.65-fold larger, respectively, after FOB versus OJ consumption. This fermented orange beverage could be an abundant source of bioavailable carotenoids, and its regular consumption may exert healthy effects. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oranges or "lemons"? Family farming and product quality in the Spanish orange industry, 1870-1960.

PubMed

Garrido, Samuel

2010-01-01

In the early twentieth century California became a big exporter of some agricultural products that, until then, had only been grown on a large scale in the mediterranean basin. As a result, exports of those products diminished or stagnated in Mediterranean countries, with important repercussions on their economies. The Spanish orange industry, however, continued to expand, despite the fact that a substantial percentage of Spanish oranges came from farms owned by (often illiterate) small peasants who, in comparison to the California growers, used a great deal of labor, small amounts of capital, and little science. This paper shows that Spanish farmers were in fact capable of growing high-quality oranges at prices that were more competitive than those in California, although interested they often preferred to satisfy the strong demand for middling fruit from Great Britain because it was a more profitable business. This, combined with a deficient use of brand names, gave the Spanish citrus industry serious reputation problems by the 1930s, from which, however, it recovered quickly.

Trouble Brewing in Orange County. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buck, Stuart

2010-01-01

Orange County will soon face enormous budgetary pressures from the growing deficits in public pensions, both at a state and local level. In this policy brief, the author estimates that Orange County faces a total $41.2 billion liability for retiree benefits that are underfunded--including $9.4 billion for the county pension system and an estimated…

Plasmid Capture by the Bacillus thuringiensis Conjugative Plasmid pXO16▿

PubMed Central

Timmery, Sophie; Modrie, Pauline; Minet, Olivier; Mahillon, Jacques

2009-01-01

Conjugation, mobilization, and retromobilization are three related mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. They have been extensively studied in gram-negative species, where retromobilization, the capture of DNA from a recipient by a donor cell, was shown to result from two successive steps: the transfer of the conjugative plasmid from the donor to the recipient followed by the retrotransfer of the mobilizable plasmid to the donor. This successive model was established for gram-negative bacteria but was lacking experimental data from the gram-positive counterparts. In the present work, the mobilization and retromobilization abilities of the conjugative plasmid pXO16 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were studied using the mobilizable plasmids pUB110 and pE194 and the “nonmobilizable” element pC194 lacking the mob and oriT features (all from Staphylococcus aureus). Experimental data suggested a successive model, since different retromobilization frequencies were observed between the small plasmids. More importantly, retromobilization was shown to be delayed by 50 and 150 min for pUB110 and pE194, respectively, compared to pXO16 conjugation. Natural liquid foods (cow milk, soy milk, and rice milk) were used to evaluate the putative ecological impact of these transfers. In cow and soy milk, conjugation, mobilization, and retromobilization were shown to occur at frequencies of 8.0 × 10−1, 1.0 × 10−2, and 1.2 × 10−4 transconjugants per recipient, respectively. These data are comparable to those obtained with LB medium and about 10-fold lower than in the case of rice milk. Taken together, these results emphasize the potential role of plasmid capture played by B. thuringiensis in natural environments. PMID:19181805

Stability of Cd 1–xZn xO yS 1–y Quaternary Alloys Assessed with First-Principles Calculations

DOE PAGES

Varley, Joel B.; He, Xiaoqing; Rockett, Angus; ...

2017-02-08

One route to decreasing the absorption in CdS buffer layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 and Cu 2ZnSn(S,Se) 4 thin-film photovoltaics is by alloying. Here we use first-principles calculations based on hybrid functionals to assess the energetics and stability of quaternary Cd, Zn, O, and S (Cd 1–xZn xO yS 1–y) alloys within a regular solution model. Our results identify that full miscibility of most Cd 1–xZn xO yS 1–y compositions and even binaries like Zn(O,S) is outside typical photovoltaic processing conditions. Finally, the results suggest that the tendency for phase separation of the oxysulfides may drive the nucleation of other phasesmore » such as sulfates that have been increasingly observed in oxygenated CdS and ZnS.« less

Stability of Cd 1–xZn xO yS 1–y Quaternary Alloys Assessed with First-Principles Calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Varley, Joel B.; He, Xiaoqing; Rockett, Angus

One route to decreasing the absorption in CdS buffer layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 and Cu 2ZnSn(S,Se) 4 thin-film photovoltaics is by alloying. Here we use first-principles calculations based on hybrid functionals to assess the energetics and stability of quaternary Cd, Zn, O, and S (Cd 1–xZn xO yS 1–y) alloys within a regular solution model. Our results identify that full miscibility of most Cd 1–xZn xO yS 1–y compositions and even binaries like Zn(O,S) is outside typical photovoltaic processing conditions. Finally, the results suggest that the tendency for phase separation of the oxysulfides may drive the nucleation of other phasesmore » such as sulfates that have been increasingly observed in oxygenated CdS and ZnS.« less

In vitro studies on immunotoxic potential of Orange II in splenocytes.

PubMed

Yadav, Ashish; Kumar, Arvind; Dwivedi, Premendra Dhar; Tripathi, Anurag; Das, Mukul

2012-02-05

Orange II, an azo dye, is not permitted in food preparations, but high levels of the dye have been detected in different food commodities. Though there are reports on the toxicity of Orange II but knowledge based on the immunomodulatory properties of Orange II is scanty. The present investigation was undertaken to study the in vitro immunotoxic potential of Orange II in splenocytes. Splenocytes were isolated, cultured and subjected to immunophenotypic analysis, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (Con A) for 72 h. The supernatant was collected for cytokine assays. Orange II showed cytotoxic effects at 100-1000μg/ml concentrations and 50μg/ml was determined as the highest non-cytotoxic dose. Orange II at the non-cytotoxic dose (50μg/ml) significantly altered the relative distribution of T and B-cells, MLR response and the mitogen induced proliferative response of T-cells and B-cells. Consistent with the hypo-responsiveness of the T and B-lymphocytes, Orange II induced a concomitant decline in the secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17. On the contrary, there was an increase in the production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory regulatory cytokine, which may be one of the causative factor for immunosuppressive property of Orange II. These results suggest that non-cytotoxic dose of Orange II may have immunomodulatory effects. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

New process of preparation, X-ray characterisation, structure and vibrational studies of a solid solution LiTiOAs 1-xP xO 4 (0⩽ x⩽1)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakir, M.; El Jazouli, A.; Chaminade, J. P.; Bouree, F.; de Waal, D.

2006-01-01

LiTiOAs 1-xP xO 4 (0⩽ x⩽1) compounds have been prepared using solutions of Li, Ti, As and P elements as starting products. Selected compositions have been investigated by powder X-ray or neutrons diffraction analysis, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The structure of LiTiOAs 1-xP xO 4 ( x=0, 0.5 and 1) samples determined by Rietveld analysis is orthorhombic with Pnma space group. It is formed by a 3D network of TiO 6 octahedra and XO 4 ( X=As 1-xP x) tetrahedra where octahedral cavities are occupied by lithium atoms. TiO 6 octahedra are linked together by corners and form infinite chains along a-axis. Ti atoms are displaced from the centre of octahedral units in alternating short (1.700-1.709 Å) and long (2.301-2.275 Å) Ti-O bonds. Raman and infrared studies confirm the existence of Ti-O-Ti chains. Thermal stability of LiTiOAsO 4 has been reported.

Genetically engineered orange petunias on the market.

PubMed

Bashandy, Hany; Teeri, Teemu H

2017-08-01

Unauthorized genetically engineered orange petunias were found on the market. Genetic engineering of petunia was shown to lead to novel flower color some 20 years ago. Here we show that petunia lines with orange flowers, generated for scientific purposes, apparently found their way to petunia breeding programmes, intentionally or unintentionally. Today they are widely available, but have not been registered for commerce.

Going One-to-One in Urban Schools: An Evaluation of the XO Champions Initiative in Project LIFT Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beaver, Jessica K.; Englander, Katie; Leow, Christine; Barnes, Marvin

2015-01-01

Beginning in spring 2013, students in seven elementary schools throughout the Project LIFT zone in Charlotte, North Carolina began to receive XO laptops provided by the organization One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) for use both within their classroom and at home. This report details Research for Action's (RFA) mixed-method evaluation of the first year…

[Standardization of the sour orange flower and leaf].

PubMed

Carnat, A; Carnat, A P; Fraisse, D; Lamaison, J L

1999-09-01

Dried flowers (1 batch) and leaves (6 batches) of sour orange Citrus aurantium L. had a similar flavonoid pattern. But the flavonoid levels of flowers were higher than those of leaves. The mean levels of the principal flavonoid compounds were respectively: total flavonoids 12.35 and 1.06%, neohesperidin 5.44 and 0.08%, naringin 1.93 and 0.06%, eriocitrin 0.38 and 0.25%. 18 batches of commercial origine were also examined for a comparative study. Specifications were proposed for a revision of the monographs "Sour orange flower" and "Sour orange leaf" of the French Pharmacopoeia.

Bioactive compounds from orange epicarp to enrich fish burgers.

PubMed

Spinelli, Sara; Lecce, Lucia; Likyova, Desislava; Del Nobile, Matteo Alessandro; Conte, Amalia

2018-05-01

The orange industry produces considerable amounts of by-products, traditionally used for animal feed or fuel production. Most of these by-products could be used as functional ingredients. To assess the potential food application of orange epicarp, different percentages of micro-encapsulated orange extract were added to fresh fish burgers. Then, an in vitro digestion was also carried out, before and after micro-encapsulation, to measure the bio-accessibility of the active compounds. A significant increase of bio-accessibility of bioactive compounds has been observed in the orange epicarp extract after micro-encapsulation by spray-drying. From the sensory point of view, the fish sample enriched with 50 g kg -1 micro-encapsulated extract was the most comparable to the control burger, even if it showed a higher phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid bio-accessibility. Orange epicarp may be used as a food additive to enhance the health content of food products. The micro-encapsulation is a valid technique to protect the bioactive compounds and increase their bio-accessibility. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

77 FR 22343 - Certain Orange Juice From Brazil

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-13

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1089 (Review)] Certain Orange Juice From Brazil Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five-year review, the United... Publication 4311 (April 2012), entitled Certain Orange Juice from Brazil: Investigation No. 731-TA-1089...

C60 and U ion irradiation of Gd 2Ti xZr 2-xO 7 pyrochlore

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Jiaming; Toulemonde, Marcel; Lang, Maik

2015-08-01

Gd 2Ti xZr 2-xO 7 (x = 0 to 2) pyrochlore was irradiated by 30 MeV C 60 clusters, which provide an extremely high ionizing energy density. Here, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a complex ion-track structure in Gd 2Ti 2O 7 and Gd 2TiZrO 7, consisting of an amorphous core and a shell of a disordered, defect-fluorite structure.

Red-fleshed sweet orange juice improves the risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

PubMed

Silveira, Jacqueline Q; Dourado, Grace K Z S; Cesar, Thais B

2015-01-01

Orange juice consumption can promote lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation due to the antioxidant activity of citrus flavonoids and carotenoids. In addition, red-fleshed sweet orange juice (red orange juice) also contains lycopene. This study investigated the effects of red orange juice consumption on risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Volunteers consumed red orange juice daily for 8 weeks, with clinical and biochemical assessments performed at baseline and on the final day. There was no change in the abdominal obesity, but low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein decreased, while there was an increase of the antioxidant activity in serum after red orange juice consumption. Insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure were reduced in normal-weight volunteers, while diastolic blood pressure decreased in overweight volunteers after intervention. Red orange juice showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering properties that may prevent the development of metabolic syndrome.

Effects of orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol.

PubMed

Lilja, J J; Raaska, K; Neuvonen, P J

2005-07-01

Fruit juices can significantly change the pharmacokinetics of several drugs. Our objective was to investigate the effect of orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of the beta-blocking agent atenolol. In a randomized cross-over study with two phases and a washout of 2 weeks, ten healthy volunteers took either 200 ml orange juice or water thrice daily for 3 days and twice on the fourth day. On the morning of day 3, each subject ingested 50 mg atenolol with an additional amount of either 200 ml orange juice or water. The plasma concentrations of atenolol and the cumulative excretion of atenolol into urine were measured up to 33 h after its dosing. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded in a sitting position before the intake of atenolol and 2, 4, 6, and 10 h after. Orange juice decreased the mean peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of atenolol by 49% (range 16-59%, P<0.01), and the mean area under the plasma atenolol concentration-time curve (AUC(0-33 h)) by 40% (range 25-55%, P<0.01). The time of the peak concentration (t(max)) and the elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of atenolol remained unchanged by orange juice. The amount of atenolol excreted into urine was decreased by 38% (range 17-60%, P<0.01), but the renal clearance remained unaltered. The average heart rate was slightly higher during the orange juice+atenolol phase than during the water+atenolol phase. Orange juice moderately interferes with the gastrointestinal absorption of atenolol. This food-drug interaction can be of clinical significance.

21 CFR 146.146 - Frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.146 Frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Frozen concentrated orange... sweetening ingredients specified in paragraph (b) of this section may be added to adjust the final... any added optional sweetening ingredients. The dilution ratio shall be not less than 3 plus 1. For the...

21 CFR 146.146 - Frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.146 Frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Frozen concentrated orange... sweetening ingredients specified in paragraph (b) of this section may be added to adjust the final... any added optional sweetening ingredients. The dilution ratio shall be not less than 3 plus 1. For the...

21 CFR 146.146 - Frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.146 Frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Frozen concentrated orange... sweetening ingredients specified in paragraph (b) of this section may be added to adjust the final... any added optional sweetening ingredients. The dilution ratio shall be not less than 3 plus 1. For the...

21 CFR 146.146 - Frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.146 Frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Frozen concentrated orange... sweetening ingredients specified in paragraph (b) of this section may be added to adjust the final... any added optional sweetening ingredients. The dilution ratio shall be not less than 3 plus 1. For the...

21 CFR 146.146 - Frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.146 Frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Frozen concentrated orange... sweetening ingredients specified in paragraph (b) of this section may be added to adjust the final... any added optional sweetening ingredients. The dilution ratio shall be not less than 3 plus 1. For the...

Local surrounding of Mn in LaMn 1-xCo xO 3 compounds by means of EXAFS on Mn-K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Procházka, Vít; Sikora, Marcin; Kapusta, Czeslaw; Štěpánková, Helena; Chlan, Vojtěch; Knížek, Karel; Jirák, Zdeněk

2010-05-01

A systematic study of LaMn 1-xCo xO 3 perovskite series by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) range of the K-absorption edge of Mn is reported. The Mn-K edge absorption measurements in the EXAFS region were performed to study the local surrounding of Mn ions. Polycrystalline powder samples of LaMn 1-xCo xO 3 ( x=0, 0.02; 0.2; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.8) prepared by solid-state reaction were used. The EXAFS spectra were analyzed with the FEFF8 computer program. The Mn-O distances of Mn to the nearest oxygen surroundings were evaluated for the samples in the series and compared with the Co-O distances obtained by EXAFS in V. Procházka et al., JMMM 310 (2007) 197 and with results of X-ray powder diffraction in C. Autret, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17 (2005) 1601.

Development of orange rust of sugarcane in Louisiana

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange rust of sugarcane was observed for the first time in the Americas in 2007 in Florida. Urediniospores of Puccinia kuehnii, the causal agent of orange rust, were collected in aerial traps located in Louisiana in 2010; however, the first observation of disease symptoms in the state was not made ...

Differentiation between Flavors of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) and Mandarin (Citrus reticulata).

PubMed

Feng, Shi; Suh, Joon Hyuk; Gmitter, Frederick G; Wang, Yu

2018-01-10

Pioneering investigations referring to citrus flavor have been intensively conducted. However, the characteristic flavor difference between sweet orange and mandarin has not been defined. In this study, sensory analysis illustrated the crucial role of aroma in the differentiation between orange flavor and mandarin flavor. To study aroma, Valencia orange and LB8-9 mandarin were used. Their most aroma-active compounds were preliminarily identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Quantitation of key volatiles followed by calculation of odor activity values (OAVs) further detected potent components (OAV ≥ 1) impacting the overall aromatic profile of orange/mandarin. Follow-up aroma profile analysis revealed that ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, octanal, decanal, and acetaldehyde were essential for orange-like aroma, whereas linalool, octanal, α-pinene, limonene, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal were considered key components for mandarin-like aroma. Furthermore, an unreleased mandarin hybrid producing fruit with orange-like flavor was used to validate the identification of characteristic volatiles in orange-like aroma.

Blood orange juice inhibits fat accumulation in mice.

PubMed

Titta, L; Trinei, M; Stendardo, M; Berniakovich, I; Petroni, K; Tonelli, C; Riso, P; Porrini, M; Minucci, S; Pelicci, P G; Rapisarda, P; Reforgiato Recupero, G; Giorgio, M

2010-03-01

To analyze the effect of the juice obtained from two varieties of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), Moro (a blood orange) and Navelina (a blond orange), on fat accumulation in mice fed a standard or a high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity was induced in male C57/Bl6 mice by feeding a HFD. Moro and Navelina juices were provided instead of water. The effect of an anthocyanin-enriched extract from Moro oranges or purified cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was also analyzed. Body weight and food intake were measured regularly over a 12-week period. The adipose pads were weighted and analyzed histologically; total RNA was also isolated for microarray analysis. Dietary supplementation of Moro juice, but not Navelina juice significantly reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation regardless of the increased energy intake because of sugar content. Furthermore, mice drinking Moro juice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity with no alterations in food intake. Only the anthocyanin extract, but not the purified C3G, slightly affected fat accumulation. High-throughput gene expression analysis of fat tissues confirmed that Moro juice could entirely rescue the high fat-induced transcriptional reprogramming. Moro juice anti-obesity effect on fat accumulation cannot be explained only by its anthocyanin content. Our findings suggest that multiple components present in the Moro orange juice might act synergistically to inhibit fat accumulation.

Novel red phosphors KBaEu(XO4)3 (X = Mo, W) show high color purity and high thermostability from a disordered chained structure.

PubMed

Wang, G Q; Gong, X H; Chen, Y J; Huang, J H; Lin, Y F; Luo, Z D; Huang, Y D

2017-05-23

Two novel red phosphors KBaEu(XO 4 ) 3 (X = Mo, W) have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions and the crystal structures were determined for the first time. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal that their space groups are C2/c. The crystalline structure is constituted of K/BaO 8 distorted square antiprisms and distorted EuO 8 polyhedra which form chains lying along the c-axis and two kinds of distorted XO 4 tetrahedra. This high disorder of K/Ba which might lower the crystal field symmetry around Eu 3+ results in the high purity of red emission around 615 nm originating from 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition under near-ultraviolet (NUV) excitation. With increasing temperature, the luminescence of KBaEu(XO 4 ) 3 (X = Mo, W) phosphors decreases almost linearly with subtle alteration for the CIE coordinate. As the temperature reaches 550 K, the red emission intensity decreases to 37.3% and 50.7% of that at 300 K for KBaEu(MoO 4 ) 3 and KBaEu(WO 4 ) 3 , respectively. The analysis of the decay curves of the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 emission at variable temperatures indicates the weak cross relaxation and non-radiative energy transfer between Eu 3+ ions. These results demonstrate that the investigated phosphors are attractive for application in high power NUV excited white LEDs.

Assessing a traceability technique in fresh oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) with an HS-SPME-GC-MS method. Towards a volatile characterisation of organic oranges.

PubMed

Cuevas, Francisco Julián; Moreno-Rojas, José Manuel; Ruiz-Moreno, María José

2017-04-15

A targeted approach using HS-SPME-GC-MS was performed to compare flavour compounds of 'Navelina' and 'Salustiana' orange cultivars from organic and conventional management systems. Both varieties of conventional oranges showed higher content of ester compounds. On the other hand, higher content of some compounds related with the geranyl-diphosphate pathway (neryl and geranyl acetates) and some terpenoids were found in the organic samples. Furthermore, the partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) achieved an effective classification for oranges based on the farming system using their volatile profiles (90 and 100% correct classification). To our knowledge, it is the first time that a comparative study dealing with farming systems and orange aroma profile has been performed. These new insights, taking into account local databases, cultivars and advanced analytical tools, highlight the potential of volatile composition for organic orange discrimination. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wuestite (Fe/1-x/O) - A review of its defect structure and physical properties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hazen, R. M.; Jeanloz, R.

1984-01-01

Such complexities of the Wustite structure as nonstoichiometry, ferric iron variable site distribution, long and short range ordering, and exsolution, yield complex physical properties. Magnesiowustite, a phase which has been suggested to occur in the earth's lower mantle, is also expected to exhibit many of these complexities. Geophysical models including the properties of (Mg, Fe)O should accordingly take into account the uncertainties associated with the synthesis and measurement of iron-rich oxides. Given the variability of the Fe(1-x)O structure, it is important that future researchers define the structural state and extent of exsolution of their samples.

Apollo 17 "Orange soil" and meteorite impact on liquid lava

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roedder, E.; Weiblen, P.W.

1973-01-01

THE 'orange soil' from Shorty Crater differs greatly from ordinary lunar soils in that it consists of ???99% 10-300 ??m smooth shiny spherules and broken fragments of spherules of transparent orange glass, about 20% of which contain partly crystallized to opaque material. The remaining 1 % is chiefly crystalline basalt fragments. Although the colour of the individual orange spherule varies with thickness from yellow-orange to red-brown, all orange glass in our sample (74220, 70; 0.25 g) has a uniform index of refraction (??? 1.712). By contrast, other lunar soils contain spherules ranging from 1.50 to 1.75. The orange glass is also completely free of bubbles, to the limit of resolution of the light microscope, whereas bubbles are present in many other spherule samples. The spherules generally appear spherical in a normal microscope mount, but when viewed from two directions many are found to be oblate spheroids with axial ratios varying from near 1.00 to as low as 0.42 (Fig. 1a). Some have fissioned during free flight1 and all stages of the fission process are found, as described for the Apollo 11 samples. Only a few spherules seem to have been distorted by landing while still soft. One notable exception is the occurrence of small spherules of orange glass conforming and adhering to the surface of larger black spherules (Fig. 1b). ?? 1973 Nature Publishing Group.

Identification of sensory attributes that drive consumer liking of commercial orange juice products in Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Mina K; Lee, Young-Jin; Kwak, Han Sub; Kang, Myung-woo

2013-09-01

Orange juice is a well-accepted fruit juice, and its consumption increases steadily. Many studies have been conducted to understand the sensory characteristics of orange juice throughout its varying processing steps. Sensory language and consumer likings of food can be influenced by culture. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensory characteristics of commercially available orange juices in Korea and identify drivers of liking for orange juices in Korea. A quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted using a trained panel (n = 10) to evaluate 7 orange juice samples in triplicates, followed by consumer acceptance tests (n = 103). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted for data analysis. The sensory characteristics of commercially available orange juice were documented and grouped: group 1 samples were characterized by high in natural citrus flavors such as orange peel, orange flesh, citrus fruit, and grape fruit, whereas group 2 samples were characterized by processed orange-like flavors such as over-ripe, cooked-orange, and yogurt. Regardless of orange flavor types, a high intensity of orange flavor in orange juice was identified as a driver of liking for orange juices in Korea. Three distinct clusters were segmented by varying sensory attributes that were evaluated by likes and dislikes. Overall, many similarities were noticed between Korean market segment and global orange juice market. By knowing the drivers of liking and understanding the distinct consumer clusters present in the Korean orange juice market, the orange juice industry could improve the strategic marketing of its products in Korea. © 2013 Institute of Food Technologists®

Characterization of orange oil microcapsules for application in textiles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rossi, W.; Bonet-Aracil, M.; Bou-Belda, E.; Gisbert-Payá, J.; Wilson, K.; Roldo, L.

2017-10-01

The use of orange oil presents as an ecological alternative to chemicals, attracting the attention of the scientific community to the development of eco-friendly antimicrobials. The microencapsulation technology has been used for the application of orange oil to textiles, being an economically viable, fast and efficient method by combining core and shell materials, desirable perceptual and functional characteristics, responsible for properties related to the nature of the product and provides that the wall materials release the functional substances in a controlled manner, in addition to effectively protecting and isolating the core material from the external environment to prevent its volatilization and deterioration, increasing the stability of the oil, such as non-toxicity. Thus, to better exploit the properties of the orange essential oil applied to textile products this study presents a characterization of microcapsules of Melamine formaldehyde obtained by the interfacial polymerization method with variations of proportions of orange oil (volatile) with fixed oil Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT) (non-volatile) to assist in the stability of the orange essential oil. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as visualizing tool to characterize microparticles and surface morphology and thermal characteristics of microcapsules were premeditated by mean Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase from orange peel.

PubMed

Malterud, K E; Rydland, K M

2000-11-01

A series of polymethoxylated flavonoids has been isolated from orange peel, and their inhibitory activity toward soybean 15-lipoxygenase was determined. The strongest inhibition was shown by 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (IC(50) = 49 +/- 5 microM). Sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin, tetramethylscutellarein, and 3,5, 6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone were somewhat less active, with IC(50) values of 70-86 microM, comparable to the positive control quercetin (IC(50) = 68 +/- 5 microM). Demethylation apparently results in less active compounds, with 5-O-demethylsinensetin having an IC(50) value of 144 +/- 10 microM. Some other orange peel constituents were isolated and tested as well, hesperidin (IC(50) = 180 +/- 10 microM) and ferulic acid (111 +/- 2 microM), showing moderate activity. The polymethoxylated flavonoids were virtually inactive as scavengers of the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical. Hesperidin was only slightly active (24.2 +/- 0.7% scavenged at a concentration of 2 mM), and ferulic acid showed good activity (IC(50) = 86.4 +/- 0.7 microM). From this, it appears that orange peel constituents may counteract enzymatic lipid peroxidation processes catalyzed by 15-lipoxygenase in vitro. The radical scavenging activity of orange peel extracts is only modest.

ORANGE: a Monte Carlo dose engine for radiotherapy.

PubMed

van der Zee, W; Hogenbirk, A; van der Marck, S C

2005-02-21

This study presents data for the verification of ORANGE, a fast MCNP-based dose engine for radiotherapy treatment planning. In order to verify the new algorithm, it has been benchmarked against DOSXYZ and against measurements. For the benchmarking, first calculations have been done using the ICCR-XIII benchmark. Next, calculations have been done with DOSXYZ and ORANGE in five different phantoms (one homogeneous, two with bone equivalent inserts and two with lung equivalent inserts). The calculations have been done with two mono-energetic photon beams (2 MeV and 6 MeV) and two mono-energetic electron beams (10 MeV and 20 MeV). Comparison of the calculated data (from DOSXYZ and ORANGE) against measurements was possible for a realistic 10 MV photon beam and a realistic 15 MeV electron beam in a homogeneous phantom only. For the comparison of the calculated dose distributions and dose distributions against measurements, the concept of the confidence limit (CL) has been used. This concept reduces the difference between two data sets to a single number, which gives the deviation for 90% of the dose distributions. Using this concept, it was found that ORANGE was always within the statistical bandwidth with DOSXYZ and the measurements. The ICCR-XIII benchmark showed that ORANGE is seven times faster than DOSXYZ, a result comparable with other accelerated Monte Carlo dose systems when no variance reduction is used. As shown for XVMC, using variance reduction techniques has the potential for further acceleration. Using modern computer hardware, this brings the total calculation time for a dose distribution with 1.5% (statistical) accuracy within the clinical range (less then 10 min). This means that ORANGE can be a candidate for a dose engine in radiotherapy treatment planning.

Orange-red emitting Gd2Zr2O7:Sm3+: Structure-property correlation, optical properties and defect spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Santosh K.; Reghukumar, C.; Sudarshan, K.; Ghosh, P. S.; Pathak, Nimai; Kadam, R. M.

2018-05-01

Local structure analysis of dopant ion, understanding host to dopant energy transfer dynamics and defects characterization in a doped material which plays an important role in the designing a highly efficient opto-electronic material. In this connection a new Sm3+ doped Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore material was synthesized using gel-combustion technique and was characterized systematically using X-ray diffraction (XRD), time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPLS), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and density functional theory (DFT) based ab-initio calculation. Based on DFT site selective energetics calculation and luminescence decay measurement, it was observed that the Sm3+ was distributed at both Gd3+ and Zr4+ site with higher Sm3+ fraction at the Gd3+ site. PALS was used to probe the presence of defects in the phosphor. In this work intense orange-red emission is realized through manipulating the energy transfer from host defect emission (oxygen vacancies) to Sm3+ which allows color emission from green in undoped to orange-red in doped samples. Effect of dopant concentration and annealing temperature was probed using TRPLS and PALS. These all information is highly important for researcher looking to achieve pyrochlore based phosphor materials with high quantum yield.

Crystal structure of phototoxic orange fluorescent proteins with α tryptophan-based chromophore

DOE PAGES

Pletneva, Nadya V.; Pletnev, Vladimir Z.; Sarkisyan, Karen S.; ...

2015-12-23

Phototoxic fluorescent proteins represent a sparse group of genetically encoded photosensitizers that could be used for precise light-induced inactivation of target proteins, DNA damage, and cell killing. Only two such GFP-based fluorescent proteins (FPs), KillerRed and its monomeric variant SuperNova, were described up to date. We present a crystallographic study of their two orange successors, dimeric KillerOrange and monomeric mKiller-Orange, at 1.81 and 1.57 Å resolution, respectively. They are the first orange-emitting protein photosensitizers with a tryptophan-based chromophore (Gln65-Trp66-Gly67). Same as their red progenitors, both orange photosensitizers have a water-filled channel connecting the chromophore to the β-barrel exterior and enablingmore » transport of ROS. In both proteins, Trp66 of the chromophore adopts an unusual trans-cis conformation stabilized by H-bond with the nearby Gln159. This trans-cis conformation along with the water channel was shown to be a key structural feature providing bright orange emission and phototoxicity of both examined orange photosensitizers.« less

Crystal Structure of Phototoxic Orange Fluorescent Proteins with a Tryptophan-Based Chromophore

PubMed Central

Pletneva, Nadya V.; Pletnev, Vladimir Z.; Sarkisyan, Karen S.; Gorbachev, Dmitry A.; Egorov, Evgeny S.; Mishin, Alexander S.; Lukyanov, Konstantin A.; Dauter, Zbigniew; Pletnev, Sergei

2015-01-01

Phototoxic fluorescent proteins represent a sparse group of genetically encoded photosensitizers that could be used for precise light-induced inactivation of target proteins, DNA damage, and cell killing. Only two such GFP-based fluorescent proteins (FPs), KillerRed and its monomeric variant SuperNova, were described up to date. Here, we present a crystallographic study of their two orange successors, dimeric KillerOrange and monomeric mKillerOrange, at 1.81 and 1.57 Å resolution, respectively. They are the first orange-emitting protein photosensitizers with a tryptophan-based chromophore (Gln65-Trp66-Gly67). Same as their red progenitors, both orange photosensitizers have a water-filled channel connecting the chromophore to the β-barrel exterior and enabling transport of ROS. In both proteins, Trp66 of the chromophore adopts an unusual trans-cis conformation stabilized by H-bond with the nearby Gln159. This trans-cis conformation along with the water channel was shown to be a key structural feature providing bright orange emission and phototoxicity of both examined orange photosensitizers. PMID:26699366

Literacy and Development for the Orang Asli in Malaysia: What Matters?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renganathan, Sumathi

2016-01-01

This article explores the literacy practices of the indigenous Semai Orang Asli community in Malaysia. Literacy for the Orang Asli often centres on formal education and schooling and is hardly explored from a social and cultural perspective. In fact, researchers have paid barely any attention to Orang Asli oral and literate traditions nor their…

Ultrastructural changes in sweet orange with symptoms of huanglongbing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Citrus greening (Huanglongbing [HLB]) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide. To better understand the ultrastructural changes of sweet orange seedlings in response to infection, anatomical analyses of HLB-infected sweet orange were carried out by light and electron microscopy. A...

Enhanced magnetization in VxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pool, V. L.; Kleb, M. T.; Chorney, C. L.; Arenholz, E.; Idzerda, Y. U.

2015-12-01

Nanoparticles of VxFe3-xO4 with up to 33% vanadium doping (x=0 to 1) and a 9 nm diameter are investigated in order to determine the site preference of the vanadium and the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles. The iron and vanadium L23-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra are used to identify that vanadium initially substitutes into the tetrahedral iron site as V3+ and that the average iron moment is observed to increase with vanadium concentration up to 12.5% (x=.375). When the vanadium incorporation exceeds 12.5%, the XAS and MCD show that the vanadium begins substituting as V2+ in the octahedral coordination. This coincides with a rapid reduction of the average moment to zero by 25% (x=.75). The frequency-dependent alternating-current magnetic susceptibility (ACMS) displays a substantial increase in blocking temperature with vanadium concentration and indicated substantial variation in the strength of inter-particle interactions.

EDTA aggregates induce SYPRO orange-based fluorescence in thermal shift assay

PubMed Central

Kroeger, Tobias; Frieg, Benedikt; Zhang, Tao; Hansen, Finn K.; Marmann, Andreas; Proksch, Peter; Nagel-Steger, Luitgard; Groth, Georg; Smits, Sander H. J.

2017-01-01

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is widely used in the life sciences as chelating ligand of metal ions. However, formation of supramolecular EDTA aggregates at pH > 8 has been reported, which may lead to artifactual assay results. When applied as a buffer component at pH ≈ 10 in differential scanning fluorimetry (TSA) using SYPRO Orange as fluorescent dye, we observed a sharp change in fluorescence intensity about 20°C lower than expected for the investigated protein. We hypothesized that this change results from SYPRO Orange/EDTA interactions. TSA experiments in the presence of SYPRO Orange using solutions that contain EDTA-Na+ but no protein were performed. The TSA experiments provide evidence that suggests that at pH > 9, EDTA4- interacts with SYPRO Orange in a temperature-dependent manner, leading to a fluorescence signal yielding a “denaturation temperature” of ~68°C. Titrating Ca2+ to SYPRO Orange and EDTA solutions quenched fluorescence. Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) behaved similarly to EDTA. Analytical ultracentrifugation corroborated the formation of EDTA aggregates. Molecular dynamics simulations of free diffusion of EDTA-Na+ and SYPRO Orange of in total 27 μs suggested the first structural model of EDTA aggregates in which U-shaped EDTA4- arrange in an inverse bilayer-like manner, exposing ethylene moieties to the solvent, with which SYPRO Orange interacts. We conclude that EDTA aggregates induce a SYPRO Orange-based fluorescence in TSA. These results make it relevant to ascertain that future TSA results are not influenced by interference between EDTA, or EDTA-related molecules, and the fluorescent dye. PMID:28472107

Pharmacokinetics of flavanone glycosides after ingestion of single doses of fresh-squeezed orange juice versus commercially processed orange juice in healthy humans

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange juice is a rich source of flavonoids known to be beneficial to cardiovascular health in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics of the main flavanone glycosides, hesperidin and narirutin, in humans after the consumption of two types of orange juice, fresh squee...

Meat-eating by a wild Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus).

PubMed

Buckley, Benjamin J W; Dench, Rosalie J; Morrogh-Bernard, Helen C; Bustani, Unyil; Chivers, David J

2015-10-01

We present the first evidence for consumption of meat by a wild Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus). Meat-eating has been reported in Sumatran orang-utans, specifically the hunting and consumption of slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang), but loris-hunting behaviour has not been observed in the Bornean species and meat of any species is essentially absent from their diet, with only two anecdotal reports of vertebrate meat consumption prior to this current finding in over 40 years of study. In August 2012 an unhabituated adult flanged male orang-utan was observed eating an adult horse-tailed squirrel (Sundasciurus hippurus) carcass in the Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Central Kalimantan. We suspect this to be a case of scavenging, never reported previously in a Bornean orang-utan.

A FRET-facilitated photoswitching using an orange fluorescent protein with the fast photoconversion kinetics.

PubMed

Subach, Oksana M; Entenberg, David; Condeelis, John S; Verkhusha, Vladislav V

2012-09-12

Fluorescent proteins photoswitchable with noncytotoxic light irradiation and spectrally distinct from multiple available photoconvertible green-to-red probes are in high demand. We have developed a monomeric fluorescent protein, called PSmOrange2, which is photoswitchable with blue light from an orange (ex./em. at 546 nm/561 nm) to a far-red (ex./em. at 619 nm/651 nm) form. Compared to another orange-to-far-red photoconvertable variant, PSmOrange2 has blue-shifted photoswitching action spectrum, 9-fold higher photoconversion contrast, and up to 10-fold faster photoswitching kinetics. This results in the 4-fold more PSmOrange2 molecules being photoconverted in mammalian cells. Compared to common orange fluorescent proteins, such as mOrange, the orange form of PSmOrange has substantially higher photostability allowing its use in multicolor imaging applications to track dynamics of multiple populations of intracellular objects. The PSmOrange2 photochemical properties allow its efficient photoswitching with common two-photon lasers and, moreover, via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from green fluorescent donors. We have termed the latter effect a FRET-facilitated photoswitching and demonstrated it using several sets of interacting proteins. The enhanced photoswitching properties of PSmOrange2 make it a superior photoconvertable protein tag for flow cytometry, conventional microscopy, and two-photon imaging of live cells.

21 CFR 74.2260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2260 D&C Orange No. 10. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 10 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2261 D&C Orange No. 11. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 11 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2254 D&C Orange No. 4. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 4 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2254 D&C Orange No. 4. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 4 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2260 D&C Orange No. 10. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 10 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2260 D&C Orange No. 10. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 10 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2261 D&C Orange No. 11. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 11 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2261 D&C Orange No. 11. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 11 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2254 D&C Orange No. 4. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 4 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2260 D&C Orange No. 10. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 10 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2261 D&C Orange No. 11. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 11 shall conform in identity and specifications to the... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Cosmetics § 74.2254 D&C Orange No. 4. (a) Identity and specifications. The color additive D&C Orange No. 4 shall conform in identity and specifications to the requirements... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

Decoding the Nonvolatile Sensometabolome of Orange Juice ( Citrus sinensis).

PubMed

Glabasnia, Anneke; Dunkel, Andreas; Frank, Oliver; Hofmann, Thomas

2018-03-14

Activity-guided fractionation in combination with the taste dilution analysis, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, led to the identification of 10 polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), 6 limonoid glucosides, and 2 limonoid aglycones as the key bitterns of orange juice. Quantitative studies and calculation of dose-over-threshold factors, followed by taste re-engineering, demonstrated for the first time 25 sensometabolites to be sufficient to reconstruct the typical taste profile of orange juices and indicated that not a single compound can be considered a suitable marker for juice bitterness. Intriguingly, the taste percept of orange juice seems to be created by a rather complex interplay of limonin, limonoid glucosides, PMFs, organic acids, and sugars. For the first time, sub-threshold concentrations of PMFs were shown to enhance the perceived bitterness of limonoids. Moreover, the influence of sugars on the perceived bitterness of limonoids and PMFs in orange juice relevant concentration ranges was quantitatively elucidated.

Modifying Optical Properties of ZnO Films by Forming Zn[subscript 1-x] Co[subscript x]O Solid Solutions via Spray Pyrolysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bentley, Anne K.; Weaver, Gabriela C.; Russell, Cianan B.; Fornes, William L.; Choi, Kyoung-Shin; Shih, Susan M.

2007-01-01

A simple and cost-effective experiment for the development and characterization of semiconductors using Uv-vis spectroscopy is described. The study shows that the optical properties of ZnO films can be easily modified by forming Zn[subscript 1-x] Co[subscript x]O solid solutions via spray pyrolysis.

Citric Acid Production from Orange Peel Wastes by Solid-State Fermentation

PubMed Central

Torrado, Ana María; Cortés, Sandra; Manuel Salgado, José; Max, Belén; Rodríguez, Noelia; Bibbins, Belinda P.; Converti, Attilio; Manuel Domínguez, José

2011-01-01

Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) peel was employed in this work as raw material for the production of citric acid (CA) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus niger CECT-2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599) in Erlenmeyer flasks. To investigate the effects of the main operating variables, the inoculum concentration was varied in the range 0.5·103 to 0.7·108 spores/g dry orange peel, the bed loading from 1.0 to 4.8 g of dry orange peel (corresponding to 35-80 % of the total volume), and the moisture content between 50 and 100 % of the maximum water retention capacity (MWRC) of the material. Moreover, additional experiments were done adding methanol or water in different proportions and ways. The optimal conditions for CA production revealed to be an inoculum of 0.5·106 spores/g dry orange peel, a bed loading of 1.0 g of dry orange peel, and a humidification pattern of 70 % MWRC at the beginning of the incubation with posterior addition of 0.12 mL H2O/g dry orange peel (corresponding to 3.3 % of the MWRC) every 12 h starting from 62 h. The addition of methanol was detrimental for the CA production. Under these conditions, the SSF ensured an effective specific production of CA (193 mg CA/g dry orange peel), corresponding to yields of product on total initial and consumed sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) of 376 and 383 mg CA/g, respectively. These results, which demonstrate the viability of the CA production by SSF from orange peel without addition of other nutrients, could be of interest to possible, future industrial applications. PMID:24031646

Effect of ultrahigh-temperature continuous ohmic heating treatment on fresh orange juice.

PubMed

Leizerson, Shirly; Shimoni, Eyal

2005-05-04

The scope of this study is the effect of ohmic heating thermal treatment on liquid fruit juice made of oranges. Effects of ohmic heating on the quality of orange juice were examined and compared to those of heat pasteurization at 90 degrees C for 50 s. Orange juice was treated at temperatures of 90, 120, and 150 degrees C for 1.13, 0.85, and 0.68 s in an ohmic heating system. Microbial counts showed complete inactivation of bacteria, yeast, and mold during ohmic and conventional treatments. The ohmic heating treatment reduced pectin esterase activity by 98%. The reduction in vitamin C was 15%. Ohmic-heated orange juice maintained higher amounts of the five representative flavor compounds than did heat-pasteurized juice. Sensory evaluation tests showed no difference between fresh and ohmic-heated orange juice. Thus, high-temperature ohmic-heating treatment can be effectively used to pasteurize fresh orange juice with minimal sensory deterioration.

Orange juice (poly)phenols are highly bioavailable in humans.

PubMed

Pereira-Caro, Gema; Borges, Gina; van der Hooft, Justin; Clifford, Michael N; Del Rio, Daniele; Lean, Michael E J; Roberts, Susan A; Kellerhals, Michele B; Crozier, Alan

2014-11-01

We assessed the bioavailability of orange juice (poly)phenols by monitoring urinary flavanone metabolites and ring fission catabolites produced by the action of the colonic microbiota. Our objective was to identify and quantify metabolites and catabolites excreted in urine 0-24 h after the acute ingestion of a (poly)phenol-rich orange juice by 12 volunteers. Twelve volunteers [6 men and 6 women; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 23.9-37.2] consumed a low (poly)phenol diet for 2 d before first drinking 250 mL pulp-enriched orange juice, which contained 584 μmol (poly)phenols of which 537 μmol were flavanones, and after a 2-wk washout, the procedure was repeated, and a placebo drink was consumed. Urine collected for a 24-h period was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 14 metabolites were identified and quantified in urine by using HPLC-MS after orange juice intake. Hesperetin-O-glucuronides, naringenin-O-glucuronides, and hesperetin-3'-O-sulfate were the main metabolites. The overall urinary excretion of flavanone metabolites corresponded to 16% of the intake of 584 μmol (poly)phenols. The GC-MS analysis revealed that 8 urinary catabolites were also excreted in significantly higher quantities after orange juice consumption. These catabolites were 3-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid, 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, hippuric acid, 3'-hydroxyhippuric acid, and 4'-hydroxyhippuric acid. These aromatic acids originated from the colonic microbiota-mediated breakdown of orange juice (poly)phenols and were excreted in amounts equivalent to 88% of (poly)phenol intake. When combined with the 16% excretion of metabolites, this percentage raised the overall urinary excretion to ∼ 100% of

Orange County intelligent vehicle/highway systems study : IVHS action plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-21

This report is a result of the efforts undertaken for Task 6 of the Orange County : Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) Study, the development of an Action Plan for : implementation of the Orange County IVHS Master Plan.

Orange County Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Study, Draft Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-06-01

THIS DOCUMENT REPRESENTS THE FINAL REPORT FOR THE ORANGE COUNTY INTELLIGENT VEHICLE-HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (IVHS) STUDY, PREPARED FOR THE ORANGE COUNTY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (OCTA). THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO DOCUMENT THE FINDINGS OF THE IVHS STUDY...

Structural and electromagnetic properties of NiAlxFe2-xO4/SiO2 nanocomposite films deposited using a sol-gel spin-coating method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Li; Li, Xuejian; Li, Ji; Liu, Mei; Xu, Shichong; Li, Haibo

2017-12-01

NiAlxFe2-xO4/SiO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanocomposite films deposited on Si(1 0 0) substrates were prepared by a sol-gel spin-coating method. The influences of Al3+ content and annealing temperature on the structural and electromagnetic properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated. The results indicated that NiAlxFe2-xO4 in the nanocomposite films crystallized after annealing at 1073 K and above. When the doping content x increased from 0 to 1.0, the lattice constants and the average crystallite sizes of the NiAlxFe2-xO4 nanoparticles decreased. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the films were inversely proportional to the Al3+ content. The maximum value of saturation magnetization (361.6 emu/cm3) and the minimum value of coercivity (18.6 kA/m) were obtained for x of 0.2. When the annealing temperature increased from 1073 to 1473 K, the lattice constant and the average crystallite size of the NiAl0.2Fe1.8O4 nanoparticles increased from 0.8322 to 0.8349 nm and 4 to 28 nm, respectively, and the saturation magnetization and coercivity of the films increased from 214.8 to 464.5 emu/cm3 and 8.2 to 26.9 kA/m, respectively. Moreover, the DC resistivity of the films increased with increasing Al3+ content and annealing temperature.

Study of flavour compounds from orange juices by HS-SPME and GC-MS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmutzer, G.; Avram, V.; Covaciu, F.; Feher, I.; Magdas, A.; David, L.; Moldovan, Z.

2013-11-01

The flavour of the orange juices, which gives the taste and odour of the product, is an important criterion about the products quality for consumers. A fresh single strength and two commercial orange juices (obtained from concentrate) flavour profile were studied using a selective and sensitive gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical system, after a solvent free, single step preconcentration and extraction technique, the headspace solid phase microextraction (HP-SPME). In the studied orange juices 55 flavour compounds were detected and classified as belonging to the esters, alcohols, ketones, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes chemical families. The fresh single strength orange juice was characterized by high amount of esters, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Limonene and valencene were the most abundant flavours in this fresh natural orange juice. Alcohols and ketones were found in higher concentration in the commercial orange juices made from concentrate, than in the single strength products. Nevertheless, in commercial juices the most abundant flavour was limonene and α-terpineol. The results highlight clear differences between fresh singles strength orange juice and juice from concentrate. The orange juices reconstructed from concentrate, made in Romania, present low quantity of flavour compounds, suggesting the absence or a low rearomatization process, but extraneous components were not detected.

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Orange-Red Phosphors Na Y (WO4)2: Eu3+, Sm3+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Hong; Chen, Shanyong; Chen, Jinlei

2017-12-01

Orange-red phosphors NaY(WO4)2:Eu3+, Sm3+ were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal synthesis method. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. The PL emission spectrum of Na Y (WO4)2: Eu3+ shows good luminous properties under 398 nm, which mainly located at 596 and 615 nm, with the additional of Sm3+ could broaden and increase emission intensity of Eu3+, which could be suitable for the excitation of UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) (∼400 nm). The PL results indicated that Na Y (WO4)2: Eu3+, Sm3+ may be a promising red phosphor candidate for use in white LEDs.

Antioxidant effectiveness of organically and non-organically grown red oranges in cell culture systems.

PubMed

Tarozzi, A; Hrelia, S; Angeloni, C; Morroni, F; Biagi, P; Guardigli, M; Cantelli-Forti, G; Hrelia, P

2006-03-01

Consumers consider plant food products from organic origin healthier than the corresponding conventional plant foods. Clear experimental evidence supporting this assumption is still lacking. To determine if the organic red oranges have a higher phyto-chemical content (i. e., phenolics, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid), total antioxidant activity and in vitro bioactivity, in terms of protective effect against oxidative damage at cellular level, than nonorganic red oranges. Total phenolics were measured using the Folin Ciocalteau assay, while total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid levels were determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis, respectively. In addition, the total antioxidant activity of red orange extracts was measured by the ABTS(*+) test. The ability of red orange extracts to counteract conjugated diene containing lipids and free radical production in cultured rat cardiomyocytes and differentiated Caco-2 cells, respectively, was assessed. Organic oranges had significantly higher total phenolics, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid levels than the corresponding non-organic oranges (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the organic orange extracts had a higher total antioxidant activity than non-organic orange extracts (p < 0.05). In addition, our results indicate that red oranges have a strong capacity of inhibiting the production of conjugated diene containing lipids and free radicals in rat cardiomyocytes and differentiated Caco-2 cells, respectively. Statistically higher levels of antioxidant activity in both cell models were found in organically grown oranges as compared to those produced by integrated agriculture practice. Our results clearly show that organic red oranges have a higher phytochemical content (i. e., phenolics, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid), total antioxidant activity and bioactivity than integrated red oranges. Further studies are needed to confirm whether the organic agriculture practice is likely to increase the antioxidant activity of

Alcoholic fermentation induces melatonin synthesis in orange juice.

PubMed

Fernández-Pachón, M S; Medina, S; Herrero-Martín, G; Cerrillo, I; Berná, G; Escudero-López, B; Ferreres, F; Martín, F; García-Parrilla, M C; Gil-Izquierdo, A

2014-01-01

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a molecule implicated in multiple biological functions. Its level decreases with age, and the intake of foods rich in melatonin has been considered an exogenous source of this important agent. Orange is a natural source of melatonin. Melatonin synthesis occurs during alcoholic fermentation of grapes, malt and pomegranate. The amino acid tryptophan is the precursor of all 5-methoxytryptamines. Indeed, melatonin appears in a shorter time in wines when tryptophan is added before fermentation. The aim of the study was to measure melatonin content during alcoholic fermentation of orange juice and to evaluate the role of the precursor tryptophan. Identification and quantification of melatonin during the alcoholic fermentation of orange juice was carried out by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Melatonin significantly increased throughout fermentation from day 0 (3.15 ng/mL) until day 15 (21.80 ng/mL) reaching larger amounts with respect to other foods. Melatonin isomer was also analysed, but its content remained stable ranging from 11.59 to 14.18 ng/mL. The enhancement of melatonin occurred mainly in the soluble fraction. Tryptophan levels significantly dropped from 13.80 mg/L (day 0) up to 3.19 mg/L (day 15) during fermentation. Melatonin was inversely and significantly correlated with tryptophan (r = 0.907). Therefore, the enhancement in melatonin could be due to both the occurrence of tryptophan and the new synthesis by yeast. In summary, the enhancement of melatonin in novel fermented orange beverage would improve the health benefits of orange juice by increasing this bioactive compound. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Dosimetric impact of a change in breathing period on VMAT stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olding, T.; Alexander, KM

2017-05-01

The dosimetric impact of a change in breathing period during treatment was assessed for a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) lung plan optimized according to our centre’s planning protocol. Plan delivery was evaluated at three breathing rates ranging from 7 to 23 breaths-per-minute (BPM) against the planning anatomy (15 BPM) calculated dose. Dynamic ion chamber, EBT3 film and Fricke-xylenol orange-gelatin (FXG) gel measurements were acquired using a motion phantom with appropriate inserts for each dosimeter. The results show good agreement between measured and calculated plan dose within the internal gross tumour volume (IGTV) target.

Effects of photochemical smog on lemons and navel oranges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thompson, C.R.; Taylor, O.C.; Richards, B.L.

1970-05-01

Experiments were carried out on lemon and Navel orange trees to determine the kind and extent of damage caused by air pollution in the Los Angeles Basin. Trees were enclosed in filter-equipped greenhouses and compared with control trees which were exposed to ambient air. Yield of lemons was about one third more in filtered trees, and with oranges, the yield was about doubled. Fruit drop in oranges was a major problem associated with the exposure to ambient air pollution. Trees in ambient air were reduced in photosynthesis to 66% of filtered-air treatments. Fluoride, while present in the atmosphere was ofmore » minor importance to the health and performance of the trees. 2 tables.« less

Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent celiprolol.

PubMed

Lilja, Jari J; Juntti-Patinen, Laura; Neuvonen, Pertti J

2004-03-01

Grapefruit juice was recently found to decrease plasma concentrations of the beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent celiprolol. Our objective was to investigate the effect of orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of celiprolol in healthy subjects. In a randomized crossover study with 2 phases and a washout of 2 weeks, 10 healthy volunteers ingested either 200 mL normal-strength orange juice or water 3 times a day for 2 days. On the morning of day 3, 1 hour after ingestion of 200 mL orange juice or water, each subject ingested 100 mg celiprolol with either 200 mL orange juice or water. In addition, 200 mL orange juice or water was ingested at 4, 10, 22, and 27 hours after celiprolol intake. The concentrations of celiprolol in plasma and its excretion into urine were measured up to 33 hours after its dosing. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded up to 10 hours. Orange juice reduced the mean peak plasma concentration of celiprolol by 89% (P <.01) and the mean area under the plasma celiprolol concentration-time curve by 83% (P <.01). The time to peak concentration of celiprolol increased from 4 to 6 hours (P <.05), and the half-life was prolonged from 4.6 to 10.8 hours (P =.05) after ingestion of orange juice. Orange juice reduced the urinary excretion of celiprolol by 77% (P <.01). No significant differences were observed in the hemodynamic variables between the phases. Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of celiprolol, but the mechanism of this interaction remains to be resolved. For example, modulation of intestinal pH and of function of transporters implicated in the absorption of celiprolol may be involved. Because of the great extent of the orange juice-celiprolol interaction and a wide use of orange juice, this interaction is likely to have clinical importance in some patients, although hemodynamic consequences were not seen in young healthy subjects.

21 CFR 74.1260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 10. 74.1260 Section 74.1260 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1260 D&C Orange No. 10. (a) Identity. (1) The color...

21 CFR 74.1254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 4. 74.1254 Section 74.1254 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1254 D&C Orange No. 4. (a) Identity. (1) the color additive D...

21 CFR 74.1261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 11. 74.1261 Section 74.1261 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1261 D&C Orange No. 11. (a) Identity. (1) The color...

21 CFR 74.1255 - D&C Orange No. 5.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 5. 74.1255 Section 74.1255 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATION Drugs § 74.1255 D&C Orange No. 5. (a) Identity. (1) the color additive D...

21 CFR 73.3112 - C.I. Vat Orange 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false C.I. Vat Orange 1. 73.3112 Section 73.3112 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3112 C.I. Vat Orange 1. (a) Identity. The...

21 CFR 73.3112 - C.I. Vat Orange 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false C.I. Vat Orange 1. 73.3112 Section 73.3112 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3112 C.I. Vat Orange 1. (a) Identity. The...

21 CFR 73.3112 - C.I. Vat Orange 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false C.I. Vat Orange 1. 73.3112 Section 73.3112 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3112 C.I. Vat Orange 1. (a) Identity. The...

21 CFR 73.3112 - C.I. Vat Orange 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false C.I. Vat Orange 1. 73.3112 Section 73.3112 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3112 C.I. Vat Orange 1. (a) Identity. The...

21 CFR 73.3112 - C.I. Vat Orange 1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false C.I. Vat Orange 1. 73.3112 Section 73.3112 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR ADDITIVES EXEMPT FROM CERTIFICATION Medical Devices § 73.3112 C.I. Vat Orange 1. (a) Identity. The...

21 CFR 82.1255 - D&C Orange No. 5.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 5. 82.1255 Section 82.1255 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF CERTIFIED...) The color additive D&C Orange No. 5. may be safely used for coloring externally applied drugs in...

21 CFR 82.1255 - D&C Orange No. 5.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 5. 82.1255 Section 82.1255 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF CERTIFIED...) The color additive D&C Orange No. 5. may be safely used for coloring externally applied drugs in...

Investigation of the Structural Stability of Ion-Implanted Gd 2Ti 2-xSn xO 7 Pyrochlore-Type Oxides by Glancing Angle X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aluri, Esther Rani; Hayes, John R.; Walker, James D.S.

2016-03-24

Rare-earth titanate and stannate pyrochlore-type oxides have been investigated in the past for the sequestration of nuclear waste elements because of their resistance to radiation-induced structural damage. In order to enhance this property, it is necessary to understand the effect of radioactive decay of the incorporated actinide elements on the local chemical environment. In this study, Gd 2Ti 2–xSn xO 7 materials have been implanted with Au– ions to simulate radiation-induced structural damage. Glancing angle X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (GA-XANES), glancing angle X-ray absorption fine structure (GA-EXAFS) analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate changes in themore » local coordination environment of the metal atoms in the damaged surface layer. Examination of GA-XANES/EXAFS spectra from the implanted Gd 2Ti 2–xSn xO 7 materials collected at various glancing angles allowed for an investigation of how the local coordination environment around the absorbing atoms changed at different depths in the damaged surface layer. This study has shown the usefulness of GA-XANES to the examination of ion-implanted materials and has suggested that Gd 2Ti 2–xSn xO 7 becomes more susceptible to ion-beam-induced structural damage with increasing Sn concentration.« less

Photoluminescence Properties of Ca3Si2O7: Pr3+ Orange-Red Phosphors Prepared by High-Temperature Solid-State Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Zhi-Qing; Chen, Rong; Feng, Wen-Lin

2018-06-01

Novel luminescent materials Ca3-xSi2O7: xPr3+ were successfully prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure, morphology, and optical spectrum were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD patterns of the samples indicate that the crystal structure is monoclinic symmetry. The SEM shows that the selected sample has good crystallinity although its appearance is irregular and scalelike. The peak of the excitation spectrum of the sample is located at around 449 nm, corresponding to 3H4→3P2 transition of Pr3+. The peak of the emission spectrum of the sample is situated at around 612 nm which is attributed to 3P0→3H6 transition of Pr3+, and the colour is orange-red. The optimum concentration for Pr3+ replaced Ca2+ sites in Ca3Si2O7: Pr3+ is 0.75 mol%. The lifetime (8.48 μs) of a typical sample (Ca2.9925Pr0.0075)Si2O7 is obtained. It reveals that orange-red phosphors Ca3-xSi2O7: xPr3+ possess remarkable optical properties and can be used in white light emitting devices.

Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-28

Hercules Inc., Monsanto Company, T-H Agricultural & Nutrition Company, Thompson Chemicals Corporation, and Uniroyal Inc. Agent Orange was one of 15...ban the import of agricultural and aquatic goods from Vietnam for health reasons. 85 Tom Fawthrop, “Agent Orange Victims Sue Monsanto ,” Corpwatch

Postharvest response of oranges of ethylene

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aharoni, Y.; Lattar, F.S.; Monselise, S.P.

1969-01-01

Since the effect of ethylene on the respiration rate of young unripe oranges has not yet been described, experiments were carried out to study the respiratory response of such fruits to ethylene. Oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) of the Washington navel, Shamouti and Valencia varieties, growing on a sandy loam near Rehovot, Israel, were picked in June, July, September, December and January. Immediately after picking, they were weighed, placed in glass jars, and stored at 20/sup 0/. Each experiment comprised 12 jars, 4 for each variety. A constant stream (200 ml/min) of air containing 20 ppm of ethylene was runmore » through the jars. The respiration rate was measured by the amount of CO/sub 2/ evolved by the fruits, and based on a fresh weight unit. The results show that in all 3 varieties, ethylene caused an immediate rise in respiration rate, at all stages of development tested, regardless of whether it was applied from the beginning of the test or after a certain period of storage in air. The pattern of response to ethylene of young unripe oranges (picked in June, July, and September) was therefore similar to that of ripe ones (picked in December and January).« less

ORANGES evaluation discussion group process

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-24

This report describes and documents the process and methodology to be used to conduct a series of before and after discussion groups with smart card holders and participating agency employees as part of the ORANGES multiple purpose smart card Field O...

Cold plasma treatment of valencia oranges reduces persistence of salmonella

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Introduction: Fresh fruits such as oranges are an increasingly popular food, consumed directly or as ingredients in “raw” juice blends prepared at home or commercially at the point of consumption. However, because of past outbreaks associated with orange juice, and the risk of cross-contamination du...

Synthesis and Optical Spectroscopy of YPO4:Eu3+ Orange-Red Phosphors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yahiaoui, Z.; Hassairi, M. A.; Dammak, M.

2017-08-01

YPO4: x mol.% Eu3+ phosphors with different dopant concentrations ( x = 3, 5, 8, 11, 13) have been synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were applied for detailed structural characterization. Under excitation at wavelength of 395 nm, the photoluminescence spectra displayed the 5D0 → 7F J ( J = 1, 2, 3, 4) intra-4 f shell transitions related to Eu3+ ion. The radiative lifetime was estimated using the Ω 2 and Ω 4 Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. The highest luminescence intensity was achieved for an optimal europium concentration of 11 mol.%. The critical energy-transfer distance for Eu3+ ions was evaluated to be 10.74 Å. We also studied the temperature-dependent photoluminescence and Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage chromaticity diagram. It was found that Eu3+-doped YPO4 exhibited good thermal stability and its emission intensity decreased slightly above room temperature. In addition, the color purity of this phosphor was as high as 91% for the YPO4:13% Eu3+ sample, making it a potential orange-red phosphor for application in ultraviolet-pumped white light-emitting diodes.

Educating the Orang Asli Children: Exploring Indigenous Children's Practices and Experiences in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renganathan, Sumathi

2016-01-01

The author is concerned with the education available for the Orang Asli, an indigenous minority community in Malaysia. Literature written about Orang Asli and education mostly assumes a deficit perspective where the lack of educational achievement among the Orang Asli children is often attributed to their culture and community. Therefore, rather…

75 FR 55968 - Special Local Regulations, Sabine River; Orange, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-15

...-AA08 Special Local Regulations, Sabine River; Orange, TX AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final rule. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary Special Local Regulation in the Port Arthur Captain of the Port Zone on the Sabine River, Orange, Texas. This Special Local Regulation is...

Aroma Leakage from Orange Juice Packed in Gable-Top Paper Containers for Chilled Distribution.

PubMed

Aoki, Risa; Tokuda, Aika; Shigemura, Yasutaka; Mineki, Machiko; Sato, Yoshio

2017-01-01

We conducted a study to examine aroma leakage from orange juice packed in gable-top paper containers for chilled distribution. Limonene, an aromatic component of orange juice, was considered as an index compound of aroma leakage, and its seepage on the surface of the container and concentration in the orange juice were measured by GC-MS for 12 commercial samples. After 3 days of storage, limonene was detected on the surface of 8 orange juice containers, and the concentration of limonene in the orange juice was found to have decreased. Thus, limonene leaked through the container within a few days, and the extent of leakage differed between containers, presumably depending upon their barrier properties. In addition, limonene was detected in green tea and milk that was stored together with the unopened orange juice containers at 4℃. The transference of orange aroma into milk was significant, because the contamination of the milk was confirmed by subjective sensory evaluation. This study suggests the possibility of transfer of aroma compounds through paper containers to other beverages.

Variability of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Orange Colored Capsicum spp.

PubMed Central

Guzman, Ivette; Hamby, Shane; Romero, Joslynn; Bosland, Paul W.; O’Connell, Mary A.

2010-01-01

Pepper, Capsicum spp., is a worldwide crop valued for heat, nutrition, and rich pigment content. Carotenoids, the largest group of plant pigments, function as antioxidants and as vitamin A precursors. The most abundant carotenoids in ripe pepper fruits are β-carotene, capsanthin, and capsorubin. In this study, the carotenoid composition of orange fruited Capsicum lines was defined along with the allelic variability of the biosynthetic enzymes. The carotenoid chemical profiles present in seven orange pepper varieties were determined using a novel UPLC method. The orange appearance of the fruit was due either to the accumulation of β-carotene, or in two cases, due to only the accumulation of red and yellow carotenoids. Four carotenoid biosynthetic genes, Psy, Lcyb, CrtZ-2, and Ccs were cloned and sequenced from these cultivars. This data tested the hypothesis that different alleles for specific carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes are associated with specific carotenoid profiles in orange peppers. While the coding regions within Psy and CrtZ-2 did not change in any of the lines, the genomic sequence contained introns not previously reported. Lcyb and Ccs contained no introns but did exhibit polymorphisms resulting in amino acid changes; a new Ccs variant was found. When selectively breeding for high provitamin A levels, phenotypic recurrent selection based on fruit color is not sufficient, carotenoid chemical composition should also be conducted. Based on these results, specific alleles are candidate molecular markers for selection of orange pepper lines with high β-carotene and therefore high pro-vitamin A levels. PMID:20582146

Citrus sinensis annotation project (CAP): a comprehensive database for sweet orange genome.

PubMed

Wang, Jia; Chen, Dijun; Lei, Yang; Chang, Ji-Wei; Hao, Bao-Hai; Xing, Feng; Li, Sen; Xu, Qiang; Deng, Xiu-Xin; Chen, Ling-Ling

2014-01-01

Citrus is one of the most important and widely grown fruit crop with global production ranking firstly among all the fruit crops in the world. Sweet orange accounts for more than half of the Citrus production both in fresh fruit and processed juice. We have sequenced the draft genome of a double-haploid sweet orange (C. sinensis cv. Valencia), and constructed the Citrus sinensis annotation project (CAP) to store and visualize the sequenced genomic and transcriptome data. CAP provides GBrowse-based organization of sweet orange genomic data, which integrates ab initio gene prediction, EST, RNA-seq and RNA-paired end tag (RNA-PET) evidence-based gene annotation. Furthermore, we provide a user-friendly web interface to show the predicted protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and metabolic pathways in sweet orange. CAP provides comprehensive information beneficial to the researchers of sweet orange and other woody plants, which is freely available at http://citrus.hzau.edu.cn/.

Purple is the new Orange

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Blood orange and Cara cara-like citrus varieties with purple or red fruit color, increased antioxidants and modified flavor could be the next generation of cultivars produced via genetic engineering. These varieties are being developed by enhancing the presence of anthocyanin and lycopene pigments...

The CaO orange system in meteor spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berezhnoy, A. A.; Borovička, J.; Santos, J.; Rivas-Silva, J. F.; Sandoval, L.; Stolyarov, A. V.; Palma, A.

2018-02-01

The CaO orange band system was simulated in the region 5900-6300 Å and compared with the experimentally observed spectra of Benešov bolide wake. The required vibronic Einstein emission coefficients were estimated by means of the experimental radiative lifetimes under the simplest Franck-Condon approximation. A moderate agreement was achieved, and the largest uncertainties come from modeling shape of FeO orange bands. Using a simple model the CaO column density in the wake of the Benešov bolide at the height of 29 km was estimated as (5 ± 2) × 1014 cm-2 by a comparison of the present CaO spectra with the AlO bands nicely observed at 4600-5200 Å in the same spectrum. The obtained CaO content is in a good agreement with the quenching model developed for the impact-produced cloud, although future theoretical and experimental studies of both CaO and FeO orange systems contribution would be needed to confirm these results.

Absence of furanocoumarins in Advantra Z® (Citrus aurantium, bitter orange) extracts.

PubMed

Stohs, Sidney J; Miller, Howard; Romano, Felice

2014-09-01

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juice is known for its ability to alter drug metabolism through inhibition of the cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4) system, and result in drug-food interactions that may be life threatening. The primary active ingredients in grapefruit responsible for these effects are the furanocoumarins bergapten, bergamottin, and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB). Bergamottin and DHB appear to be the most important in terms of adverse drug interactions. Furanocoumarins are present in the juices and fruits of other Citrus species including C. aurantium (bitter oranges). Bergapten is the predominant furanocoumarin in bitter orange. Bitter orange extracts are widely used in products associated with weight loss, sports performance, and energy production. Questions have been raised about the potential of bitter orange extracts to cause drug interactions. This study examined the furanocoumarin content of four standardized bitter orange extracts (Advantra Z®) by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The results indicated that the total furanocoumarin content of each of the four extracts was less than 20 μg/g, amounts insufficient to exert significant effects on the metabolism of susceptible drugs in human subjects at the doses commonly used for these extracts.

Comparative study on cubic and tetragonal CexZr1-xO2 supported MoO3-catalysts for sulfur-resistant methanation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhaopeng; Xu, Yan; Cheng, Jiaming; Wang, Weihan; Wang, Baowei; Li, Zhenhua; Ma, Xinbin

2018-03-01

In this paper, two kinds of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution carriers with different Ce/Zr ratio were prepared by one-step co-precipitation method: the cubic Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 and the tetragonal Ce0.2Zr0.8O2 support. The MoO3/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 and MoO3/Ce0.2Zr0.8O2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for comparative study on sulfur-resistant methanation reaction. The N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2-TPR) were undertaken to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the samples. The results indicated that the prepared MoO3/CexZr1-xO2 catalysts have a mesoporous structure with high surface area and uniform pore size distribution, achieving good MoO3 dispersion on CexZr1-xO2 supports. As for the catalytic performance of sulfur-resistant methanation, the cubic MoO3/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 exhibited better than the tetragonal MoO3/Ce0.2Zr0.8O2 catalyst at reaction temperature 400 °C and 450 °C. CO conversion on the cubic MoO3/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalyst was 50.1% at 400 °C and 75.5% at 450 °C, which is respectively 7% and 20% higher than that on the tetragonal MoO3/Ce0.2Zr0.8O2 catalyst. These were mainly attributed to higher content of active MoS2 on the surface of catalyst, the enhanced oxygen mobility, increased Mo-species dispersion as well as the excellent reducibility resulted from the increased amount of the reducible Ce3+ on the cubic MoO3/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalyst.

Pulsed laser deposited BexZn1-xO1-ySy quaternary alloy films: structure, composition, and band gap bowing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Wuzhong; Xu, Maji; Zhang, Mi; Cheng, Hailing; Li, Mingkai; Zhang, Qingfeng; Lu, Yinmei; Chen, Jingwen; Chen, Changqing; He, Yunbin

2018-03-01

In this work, c-axis preferentially oriented BexZn1-xO1-ySy (BeZnOS) quaternary alloy films were prepared successfully on c-plane sapphire by pulsed laser deposition for the first time. By appropriate adjustment of O2 pressure during the deposition, the grown films exhibited a single-phase hexagonal structure and good crystalline quality. The solid solubility of S in BexZn1-xO1-ySy quaternary alloy was significantly expanded (y ≤ 0.17 or y ≥ 0.35) as a result of simultaneous substitution of cation Zn2+ by smaller Be2+ and anion O2- by bigger S2-. Besides, due to the introduction of BeO with a wide band gap, BeZnOS quaternary films exhibited wider band gaps than the ternary ZnOS films with similar S contents. As the O2 pressure increased from 0.05 Pa to 6 Pa, the band gap of BeZnOS displayed an interesting bowing behavior. The variation range of the band gap was between 3.55 eV and 3.10 eV. The BeZnOS films with a wide band gap show potential applications in fabricating optoelectronic devices such as UV-detectors.

Tracking the degradation of fresh orange juice and discrimination of orange varieties: an example of NMR in coordination with chemometrics analyses.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Clayton R; Carneiro, Renato L; Ferreira, Antonio G

2014-12-01

Brazil is currently the largest exporter of concentrated orange juice and, unlike the other exporter countries, the domestic consumption is mainly based on the fresh orange juice. The quality control by evaluating the major chemical constituents under the influence of the most important factors, such as temperature and storage time of the product, is very important in this context. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and time on the degradation of fresh orange juice for 24h, by using (1)H NMR technique and chemometric tools for data mining. The storage conditions at 24h led to the production of the formic, fumaric and acetic acids; and an increase of succinic and lactic acids and ethanol, which were observed at low concentration at the initial time. Furthermore, analysis by PCA has successfully distinguished the juice of different species/varieties as well as the metabolites responsible for their separation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evolution of competing magnetic order in the J eff=1/2 insulating state of Sr 2Ir 1-xRu xO 4

DOE PAGES

Calder, Stuart A.; Kim, Jong-Woo; Cao, Guixin; ...

2015-10-27

We investigate the magnetic properties of the series Sr 2Ir 1-xRu xO 4 with neutron, resonant x-ray and magnetization measurements. The results indicate an evolution and coexistence of magnetic structures via a spin flop transition from ab-plane to c-axis collinear order as the 5d Ir4 + ions are replaced with an increasing concentration of 4d Ru4 + ions. The magnetic structures within the ordered regime of the phase diagram (x<0.3) are reported. Despite the changes in magnetic structure no alteration of the J eff=1/2 ground state is observed. This behavior of Sr 2Ir 1-xRu xO 4 is consistent with electronicmore » phase separation and diverges from a standard scenario of hole doping. The role of lattice alterations with doping on the magnetic and insulating behavior is considered. Our results presented here provide insight into the magnetic insulating states in strong spin-orbit coupled materials and the role perturbations play in altering the behavior.« less

A review of Agent Orange and its associated oncologic risk of genitourinary cancers.

PubMed

Chang, Chrystal; Benson, Michael; Fam, Mina M

2017-11-01

Agent Orange is an herbicide sprayed widely in Vietnam that is linked to a variety of malignancies in as early as 1991.Since then, there has been concern for, and subsequent interest in studying, the potential connection between Agent Orange and other malignancies. In the past 2 decades, there have been significant changes in the opinion of the National Academy of Science regarding Agent Orange and certain genitourinary malignancies. Herein, we review the literature regarding the potential link between Agent Orange and various urological cancers, including prostate, bladder, testicular, and renal cancers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Metabolic engineering of β-carotene in orange fruit increases its in vivo antioxidant properties.

PubMed

Pons, Elsa; Alquézar, Berta; Rodríguez, Ana; Martorell, Patricia; Genovés, Salvador; Ramón, Daniel; Rodrigo, María Jesús; Zacarías, Lorenzo; Peña, Leandro

2014-01-01

Orange is a major crop and an important source of health-promoting bioactive compounds. Increasing the levels of specific antioxidants in orange fruit through metabolic engineering could strengthen the fruit's health benefits. In this work, we have afforded enhancing the β-carotene content of orange fruit through blocking by RNA interference the expression of an endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase gene (Csβ-CHX) that is involved in the conversion of β-carotene into xanthophylls. Additionally, we have simultaneously overexpressed a key regulator gene of flowering transition, the FLOWERING LOCUS T from sweet orange (CsFT), in the transgenic juvenile plants, which allowed us to obtain fruit in an extremely short period of time. Silencing the Csβ-CHX gene resulted in oranges with a deep yellow ('golden') phenotype and significant increases (up to 36-fold) in β-carotene content in the pulp. The capacity of β-carotene-enriched oranges for protection against oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans as experimental animal model. Golden oranges induced a 20% higher antioxidant effect than the isogenic control. This is the first example of the successful metabolic engineering of the β-carotene content (or the content of any other phytonutrient) in oranges and demonstrates the potential of genetic engineering for the nutritional enhancement of fruit tree crops. © 2013 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

21 CFR 146.148 - Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... that the ratio of the Brix reading to the grams of acid, expressed as anhydrous citric acid, per 100... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. 146... Canned Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.148 Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Reduced...

21 CFR 146.148 - Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... that the ratio of the Brix reading to the grams of acid, expressed as anhydrous citric acid, per 100... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. 146... Canned Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.148 Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Reduced...

21 CFR 146.148 - Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... that the ratio of the Brix reading to the grams of acid, expressed as anhydrous citric acid, per 100... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. 146... Canned Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.148 Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Reduced...

21 CFR 146.148 - Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... that the ratio of the Brix reading to the grams of acid, expressed as anhydrous citric acid, per 100... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. 146... Canned Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146.148 Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. (a) Reduced...

Metro orange line BRT project evaluation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-10-01

In partnership with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the National Bus Rapid Transit Institute (NBRTI) conducted an evaluation of the Metro Orange Line BRT service, whic...

Low temperature solution process-based defect-induced orange-red light emitting diode

PubMed Central

Biswas, Pranab; Baek, Sung-Doo; Hoon Lee, Sang; Park, Ji-Hyeon; Jeong Lee, Su; Il Lee, Tae; Myoung, Jae-Min

2015-01-01

We report low-temperature solution-processed p-CuO nanorods (NRs)/n-ZnO NRs heterojunction light emitting diode (LED), exploiting the native point defects of ZnO NRs. ZnO NRs were synthesized at 90 °C by using hydrothermal method while CuO NRs were synthesized at 100 °C by using microwave reaction system. The electrical properties of newly synthesized CuO NRs revealed a promising p-type nature with a hole concentration of 9.64 × 1018 cm−3. The current-voltage characteristic of the heterojunction showed a significantly high rectification ratio of 105 at 4 V with a stable current flow. A broad orange-red emission was obtained from the forward biased LED with a major peak at 610 nm which was attributed to the electron transition from interstitial zinc to interstitial oxygen point defects in ZnO. A minor shoulder peak was also observed at 710 nm, corresponding to red emission which was ascribed to the transition from conduction band of ZnO to oxygen vacancies in ZnO lattice. This study demonstrates a significant progress toward oxide materials based, defect-induced light emitting device with low-cost, low-temperature methods. PMID:26648420

Characterization and luminescence properties of Sr3Gd): Sm3+ orange-red phosphor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Zaifa; Xu, Denghui; Sun, Jiayue; Sun, Yumei; Du, Haiyan

2015-10-01

Reddish-orange emitting phosphors, Sr3Gd): Sm3+, were successfully synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction. The crystal structure of the phosphors was characterized by x-ray diffraction. The excitation spectra and emission spectra were utilized to characterize the luminescence properties of the as-prepared phosphors. The results show that the phosphor consisted of some sharp emission peaks of Sm3+ ions centered at 564, 600, 647, and 707 nm, respectively. The critical distance of Sr3Gd0.93): 0.07Sm3+ was calculated to be 19.18 Å and the lifetime value of the sample was 1.63 ms. The band gap of Sr3Gd) was estimated to be about 2.74 eV from the diffuse reflection spectrum. The optimum doping concentration is 7 mol. % and the quenching occurs via dipole-dipole interaction according to Dexter's theory. The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage value of Sr3Gd): Sm3+ phosphors presented that it has high color purity. These results indicated that the Sr3Gd): Sm3+ may be a promising reddish-orange emitting phosphor for cost-effective near ultraviolet white light-emitting diodes.

Ionic configuration of copper ferrimanganites Cu 0.5Mn xFe 2.5- xO 4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenglet, M.; Kasperek, J.; Hannoyer, B.; Lopitaux, J.; d'Huysser, A.; Tellier, J. C.

1992-06-01

Mössbauer spectrometry, neutron diffraction, XANES, and XPS have led to the determination of the cation distributions of the system Cu 0.5Mn xFe 2.5- xO 4 (0≤ x≤1.5). The three cations are present in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites, and the relative number of Fe ions on A- and B-sites remains nearly constant in the whole range of x. It appears that for x≤0.5 manganese is divalent and copper is in its two oxidation states. For x>0.5 copper and iron are respectively divalent and trivalent; the manganese is in +2 and +3 oxydation states.

Lunar volcanism - Age of the glass in the Apollo 17 orange soil.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Husain, L.; Schaeffer, O. A.

1973-01-01

Glasses on the moon can form either by impact or by volcanic processes. An age determination indicates that the glass of the orange soil formed close in time to the volcanic activity in the Sea of Serenity about 3,750 million years ago. The orange soil was certainly not formed by a recent fumarole. The young exposure age, about 32 million years, found for the glass of the orange soil is in agreement with its fresh appearance on the lunar surface.

Effect of orange rust on sugarcane breeding program at canal Point

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange rust of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), caused by Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) E.J. Butler, appeared in the Western Hemisphere ten years ago. Orange rust substantially reduces yields in susceptible sugarcane genotypes. Majority of the commercial cultivars were susceptible at the time of o...

76 FR 71108 - Applications of Orange Air, LLC for Certificate Authority

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-16

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Office of the Secretary Applications of Orange Air, LLC for Certificate Authority AGENCY: Department of Transportation. ACTION: Notice of Order to Show Cause (Order 2011... directing all interested persons to show cause why it should not issue orders finding Orange Air, LLC, fit...

Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins.

PubMed

Malhotra, S; Bailey, D G; Paine, M F; Watkins, P B

2001-01-01

Our objective was to determine whether Seville orange juice produces a grapefruit juice-like interaction with felodipine and whether bergamottin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, or other furocoumarins are involved. In a randomized three-way crossover design, 10 volunteers received a felodipine 10-mg extended-release tablet with 240 mL of Seville orange juice, dilute grapefruit juice (that contained equivalent total molar concentrations of bergamottin plus 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin), or common orange juice (negative control). The pharmacokinetics of felodipine and its dehydrofelodipine metabolite were determined. Juice concentrations of furocoumarins were measured. CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of newly identified furocoumarins was assessed. The felodipine area under the plasma concentration-time curve was increased by 76% and 93% after Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice ingestion, respectively, compared with common orange juice. The effects of Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice were similar in that the felodipine maximum concentration was augmented while the terminal elimination half-life was unchanged and the dehydrofelodipine area under the plasma concentration time-curve was increased, but the dehydrofelodipine-felodipine area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio was reduced. Bergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin concentrations were 5 and 36 micromol/L, respectively, in Seville orange juice and were 16 and 23 micromol/L, respectively, in dilute grapefruit juice. A newly identified furocoumarin, bergapten, was detected only in Seville orange juice (31 micromol/L), and it was found to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of recombinant CYP3A4. Relative to the control, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (10 micromol/L) inhibited CYP3A4 activity in cultured intestinal epithelial cells by 93%, whereas bergapten (10 micromol/L) inhibited the activity by only 34%. Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice interact with felodipine by a common mechanism, which

INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANETS HD 209458b AND XO-1b USING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA-3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deming, Drake; Wilkins, Ashlee; McCullough, Peter

Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scanmore » mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of {lambda}/{delta}{lambda} {approx} 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 {mu}m. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm{sup 2} g{sup -1} account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.« less

Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy of the Exoplanets HD 209458b and XO-1b Using the Wide Field Camera-3 on the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deming, Drake; Wilkins, Ashlee; McCullough, Peter; Burrows, Adam; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Agol, Eric; Dobbs-Dixon, Ian; Madhusudhan, Nikku; Crouzet, Nicolas; Desert, Jean-Michel; Gilliland, Ronald L.; Haynes, Korey; Knutson, Heather A.; Line, Michael; Magic, Zazralt; Mandell, Avi M.; Ranjan, Sukrit; Charbonneau, David; Clampin, Mark; Seager, Sara; Showman, Adam P.

2013-09-01

Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scan mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of λ/δλ ~ 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 μm. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm2 g-1 account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.

Rap Phosphatase of Virulence Plasmid pXO1 Inhibits Bacillus anthracis Sporulation†

PubMed Central

Bongiorni, Cristina; Stoessel, Ricarda; Shoemaker, Dorinda; Perego, Marta

2006-01-01

This study shows that the Bacillus anthracis pXO1 virulence plasmid carries a Rap-Phr system, BXA0205, which regulates sporulation initiation in this organism. The BXA0205Rap protein was shown to dephosphorylate the Spo0F response regulator intermediate of the phosphorelay signal transduction system that regulates the initiation of the developmental pathway in response to environmental, metabolic, and cell cycle signals. The activity of the Rap protein was shown to be inhibited by the carboxy-terminal pentapeptide generated through an export-import processing pathway from the associated BXA0205Phr protein. Deregulation of the Rap activity by either overexpression or lack of the Phr pentapeptide resulted in severe inhibition of sporulation. Five additional Rap-Phr encoding systems were identified on the chromosome of B. anthracis, one of which, BA3790-3791, also affected sporulation initiation. The results suggest that the plasmid-borne Rap-Phr system may provide a selective advantage to the virulence of B. anthracis. PMID:16385039

Rap phosphatase of virulence plasmid pXO1 inhibits Bacillus anthracis sporulation.

PubMed

Bongiorni, Cristina; Stoessel, Ricarda; Shoemaker, Dorinda; Perego, Marta

2006-01-01

This study shows that the Bacillus anthracis pXO1 virulence plasmid carries a Rap-Phr system, BXA0205, which regulates sporulation initiation in this organism. The BXA0205Rap protein was shown to dephosphorylate the Spo0F response regulator intermediate of the phosphorelay signal transduction system that regulates the initiation of the developmental pathway in response to environmental, metabolic, and cell cycle signals. The activity of the Rap protein was shown to be inhibited by the carboxy-terminal pentapeptide generated through an export-import processing pathway from the associated BXA0205Phr protein. Deregulation of the Rap activity by either overexpression or lack of the Phr pentapeptide resulted in severe inhibition of sporulation. Five additional Rap-Phr encoding systems were identified on the chromosome of B. anthracis, one of which, BA3790-3791, also affected sporulation initiation. The results suggest that the plasmid-borne Rap-Phr system may provide a selective advantage to the virulence of B. anthracis.

Subspecies identification of captive Orang Utan in Melaka based on D-loop mitochondria DNA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamaluddin, Siti Norsyuhada; Yaakop, Salmah; Idris, Wan Mohd Razi; Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine Japning; Md-Zain, Badrul Munir

2018-04-01

Mitochondrial DNA of Bornean Orang Utan populations suggests that there are three different subspecies (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus; Sarawak & Northwest Kalimantan, P. p. wurmbii; Southern West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, P. p. morio; East Kalimantan and Sabah). The subspecies of Orang Utans in captivity are difficult to determine through morphological observation. Thus, misidentification by ranger or zoo staffs leads to unwanted consequences especially towards conservation efforts of Orang Utan. The main objective of this study was to identify the subspecies and the geographic origin of 10 Orang Utans in Zoo Melaka and A' Famosa by using partial mitochondrial D-loop gene sequences. DNA of all individuals was extracted from FTA Card. Data analyses were performed using Maximum Parsimony, MP and Neighbor Joining, NJ. Molecular phylogeny analysis revealed that all the samples likely belong to one species of Sumatran Orang Utan (P. abelii) and three different subspecies of Bornean Orang Utans (P. p. pygmaeus, P. p. morio, and P. p. wurmbii). The results obtained in this study indirectly help the management of zoos in term of conservation and visitor's education.

Acidification of apple and orange hosts by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum.

PubMed

Vilanova, L; Viñas, I; Torres, R; Usall, J; Buron-Moles, G; Teixidó, N

2014-05-16

New information about virulence mechanisms of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum could be an important avenue to control fungal diseases. In this study, the ability of P. digitatum and P. expansum to enhance their virulence by locally modulating the pH of oranges and apples was evaluated. For each host, pH changes with a compatible pathogen and a non-host pathogen were recorded, and the levels of different organic acids were evaluated to establish possible relationships with host pH modifications. Moreover, fruits were harvested at three maturity stages to determine whether fruit maturity could affect the pathogens' virulence. The pH of oranges and apples decreased when the compatible pathogens (P. digitatum and P. expansum, respectively) decayed the fruit. The main organic acid detected in P. digitatum-decayed oranges was galacturonic acid produced as a consequence of host maceration in the rot development process. However, the obtained results showed that this acid was not responsible for the pH decrease in decayed orange tissue. The mixture of malic and citric acids could at least contribute to the acidification of P. digitatum-decayed oranges. The pH decrease in P. expansum decayed apples is related to the accumulation of gluconic and fumaric acids. The pH of oranges and apples was not affected when the non-host pathogen was not able to macerate the tissues. However, different organic acid contents were detected in comparison to healthy tissues. The main organic acids detected in P. expansum-oranges were oxalic and gluconic and in P. digitatum-apples were citric, gluconic and galacturonic. Further research is needed to identify the pathogenicity factors of both fungi because the contribution of organic acids has profound implications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improvement of biogas production from orange peel waste by leaching of limonene.

PubMed

Wikandari, Rachma; Nguyen, Huong; Millati, Ria; Niklasson, Claes; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J

2015-01-01

Limonene is present in orange peel wastes and is known as an antimicrobial agent, which impedes biogas production when digesting the peels. In this work, pretreatment of the peels to remove limonene under mild condition was proposed by leaching of limonene using hexane as solvent. The pretreatments were carried out with homogenized or chopped orange peel at 20-40°C with orange peel waste and hexane ratio (w/v) ranging from 1 : 2 to 1 : 12 for 10 to 300 min. The pretreated peels were then digested in batch reactors for 33 days. The highest biogas production was achieved by treating chopped orange peel waste and hexane ratio of 12 : 1 at 20°C for 10 min corresponding to more than threefold increase of biogas production from 0.061 to 0.217 m(3) methane/kg VS. The solvent recovery was 90% using vacuum filtration and needs further separation using evaporation. The hexane residue in the peel had a negative impact on biogas production as shown by 28.6% reduction of methane and lower methane production of pretreated orange peel waste in semicontinuous digestion system compared to that of untreated peel.

Prediction and functional analysis of the sweet orange protein-protein interaction network.

PubMed

Ding, Yu-Duan; Chang, Ji-Wei; Guo, Jing; Chen, Dijun; Li, Sen; Xu, Qiang; Deng, Xiu-Xin; Cheng, Yun-Jiang; Chen, Ling-Ling

2014-08-05

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruits world-wide. Because it is a woody plant with a long growth cycle, genetic studies of sweet orange are lagging behind those of other species. In this analysis, we employed ortholog identification and domain combination methods to predict the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for sweet orange. The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification method was used to verify and filter the network. The final predicted PPI network, CitrusNet, contained 8,195 proteins with 124,491 interactions. The quality of CitrusNet was evaluated using gene ontology (GO) and Mapman annotations, which confirmed the reliability of the network. In addition, we calculated the expression difference of interacting genes (EDI) in CitrusNet using RNA-seq data from four sweet orange tissues, and also analyzed the EDI distribution and variation in different sub-networks. Gene expression in CitrusNet has significant modular features. Target of rapamycin (TOR) protein served as the central node of the hormone-signaling sub-network. All evidence supported the idea that TOR can integrate various hormone signals and affect plant growth. CitrusNet provides valuable resources for the study of biological functions in sweet orange.

Carbon isotope ratios of selected volatiles in Citrus sinensis and in orange-flavoured food.

PubMed

Schipilliti, Luisa; Bonaccorsi, Ivana; Cotroneo, Antonella; Dugo, Paola; Mondello, Luigi

2015-11-01

Twenty genuine samples of industrially cold-pressed sweet orange essential oils, were analysed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry to determine the values of the carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)C(VPDB)) of selected volatiles and assess the corresponding range of authenticity. Successively, four commercial orange-flavoured products were analysed under identical conditions to evaluate the authenticity of the orange flavour. The samples were extracted by solid-phase microextraction under optimised conditions. The evaluation was performed by using an internal standard procedure to neglect the contribution due to the original environment to the isotopic abundance of (13)C. The composition of the volatile fraction of the essential oils and of the flavoured products was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with linear retention indices, and by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector. The δ(13)C(VPDB) values of seven secondary metabolites determined here were successfully used to characterise genuine orange essential oil. These values were used to evaluate the quality of orange-flavoured products, revealing the presence of compounds of different origin, not compatible with the values of genuine orange secondary metabolites. This study provides the range of authenticity of δ(13)C(VPDB) of seven different secondary metabolites in sweet orange genuine essential oil, useful for evaluating the genuineness of orange flavour. In accord with a previous study on different essential oils, the values determined here can be successfully applied for the evaluation of a large number of flavoured food stuffs and correlated with their origins. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

Improving the sodium storage capacity of tunnel structured NaxFexTi2-xO4 (x = 1, 0.9 & 0.8) anode materials by tuning sodium deficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhange, Deu S.; Ali, Ghulam; Kim, Ji-Young; Chung, Kyung Yoon; Nam, Kyung-Wan

2017-10-01

Due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature, iron and titanium present as the most attractive potential elements for use in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Accordingly, two structurally different Fe and Ti based compounds, stoichiometric NaFeTiO4 and sodium deficient NaxFexTi2-xO4 (where x = 0.9, and 0.8), are explored as anode materials for SIBs. Their structure and sodium storage capacity are systematically investigated by using combined structural and electrochemical analysis. Rietveld refinement analysis reveals that the sodium deficiency leads to the structural transformation from a single-tunnel structure (NaFeTiO4) to a zigzag-type double-tunnel structure (Na0.9Fe0.9Ti1.1O4 and Na0.8Fe0.8Ti1.2O4). The series of sodium deficient compounds bears systematic sodium ion vacancies in their structure up to 20%. Sodium deficiency in the NaxFexTi2-xO4 logically provides additional space for accommodating the excess sodium ions as such the NaxFexTi2-xO4 compounds with higher level of sodium deficiency show higher specific capacities than the stoichiometric NaFeTiO4. All the compounds exhibited very good electrochemical cycling stability, with minimal capacity loss during cycling. The present approach is a model example of improvement in the sodium storage capacity of the anode materials by tuning the chemical composition, and could facilitate the performance improvement of known or new electrode materials for SIBs.

78 FR 28115 - Oranges, Grapefruit, Tangerines, and Tangelos Grown in Florida; Relaxing Size and Grade...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... Requirements on Valencia and Other Late Type Oranges AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. ACTION...). This rule reduces the minimum size requirement for Valencia and other late type oranges shipped to... also reduces the minimum grade requirement for Valencia and other late type oranges shipped to...

Orange interventions for symptoms associated with dimethyl sulfoxide during stem cell reinfusions: a feasibility study.

PubMed

Potter, Pamela; Eisenberg, Seth; Cain, Kevin C; Berry, Donna L

2011-01-01

For over 2 decades, oncology nurses at a regional comprehensive cancer center offered sliced oranges to patients during the reinfusion of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to relieve symptoms associated with the preservative dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). This randomized pilot study examined feasibility and efficacy of sliced orange intervention (OI), orange aromatherapy intervention (OAI), or deep breathing (control) to address unpleasant adverse effects during HPC infusion. Orange intervention sniffed or tasted a quartered orange, OAI sniffed orange aromatherapy, and control took deep breaths. Perceived "symptom intensity" for tickle/cough urge, nausea, retching, and perceived "relief" were measured on 0- to 10-point numerical scales. Sixty of 72 eligible patients consented to participate and were randomized to OI (n = 19), OAI (n = 23), or control (n = 18). Study personnel successfully administered study procedures. Over the course of 2 bags of cells infused, the OI group reported significantly greater relief with the intervention (P = .032). Among participants less than 90 kg, OI group reported significantly lower symptom intensity (P = .012). Results suggest a feasible protocol and potential efficacy of sliced oranges for treating symptoms associated with DMSO-preserved stem cells. Study procedures provide a tested protocol for future studies. Follow-up study is warranted to confirm these findings and evaluate other treatment options. Oranges offer a simple, noninvasive intervention for relieving symptoms associated with DMSO preservative during autologous HPC infusion.

77 FR 3326 - Cancellation of Environmental Impact Statement in Orange County, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-23

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration Cancellation of Environmental Impact Statement in Orange County, NC AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), North Carolina Department of... US 70 Business and US 70 Bypass in Orange County, North Carolina. The project is now cancelled...

78 FR 52079 - Oranges, Grapefruit, Tangerines, and Tangelos Grown in Florida; Relaxing Size and Grade...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-22

... Requirements on Valencia and Other Late Type Oranges AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. ACTION...). The interim rule reduced the minimum size for Valencia and other late type oranges shipped to... interim rule also lowered the minimum grade for Valencia and other late type oranges shipped to interstate...

Orange juice modulates proinflammatory cytokines after high-fat saturated meal consumption.

PubMed

Rocha, Daniela M U P; Lopes, Lílian L; da Silva, Alessandra; Oliveira, Leandro L; Bressan, Josefina; Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana M

2017-12-13

We aimed to evaluate the postprandial secretion of inflammatory markers induced by SFA or MUFA high-fat meal consumption and whether orange juice intake could modulate this induction. This study included 55 healthy women (aged 20 to 40 years): 33 participants received an SFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 37.6% of energy intake (E) from SFA) and 22 participants received an MUFA high-fat meal (≈1000 kcal, 56.3% E from MUFA). Both interventions were accompanied by 500 ml of orange juice (test) or water (control). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and CRP were determined before (fasting) and 2, 3 and 5 hours after the test meal intake. The SFA high-fat meal induced a significant increase in AUC values (for TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-2 adjusted for baseline concentrations) in comparison with MUFA high-fat meal intervention. The results were independent of the drink which accompanied the meal (water or orange juice). Both IL-4 and IL-17A AUC values were significantly increased after an SFA high-fat meal intake, accompanied by water, but not by orange juice. In addition, these values were higher in relation to MUFA high-fat meal interventions. Also, IL-17A significantly increased at 3 h after an SFA high-fat meal intake accompanied by water, but not by orange juice. Overall, our conclusions indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of MUFA compared to SFA high-fat meal intake, while orange juice intake was able to mitigate the subclinical increase of postprandial inflammation, induced by SFA high-fat meal consumption, for a particular biomarker (IL-17A).

Orange-Pigmented Sputum as a Manifestation of Smoke Grenade Inhalation Injury.

PubMed

Chatzivasiloglou, Fotini; Katsenos, Stamatis; Psara, Anthoula; Tsintiris, Konstantinos

2016-01-01

A 34-year-old man presented with scanty hemoptysis, orange-colored expectoration, and mild dyspnea. He was in an enclosed building taking part in a military training exercise inhaling an orange-colored smoke from a smoke grenade ignition. His symptoms developed immediately after the initial exposure but he sought medical assistance 20 hours later because of their persistence. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed revealing diffuse inflammatory tracheobronchial tree with streaky orange-pigmented secretions in the trachea and both main-stem bronchi. Acute tracheobronchitis was diagnosed and the patient was treated with nebulized bronchodilators and intravenous corticosteroids showing complete recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first well-documented report of inhalation injury induced by a smoke bomb explosion including potassium chlorate oxidizer and Sudan I and presenting with orange-pigmented sputum production. Smoke inhalation injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The heterogeneity of the smoke and the large variety of the resulting symptoms may be the reason why a definition, specific diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic guidelines are still lacking.

Toxic Epidemics: Agent Orange Sickness in Vietnam and the United States.

PubMed

Uesugi, Tak

2016-01-01

Social scientists studying toxic epidemics have often endeavored to shed light on the differences between scientists' and nonscientists' epistemic perspectives. Yet, little attention has been paid to the processes through which a toxic epidemic emerges as a phenomenon. A Luoi Valley of Central Vietnam was extensively sprayed with chemical defoliants (including Agent Orange) during the Vietnam War. The latent toxic effects of these chemicals, however, went largely unnoticed until the late 1990s. By juxtaposing the history through which the notion of "Agent Orange Sickness" emerged in the United States with an ethnographic study of A Luoi, I explore the notion of poison under which Agent Orange became recognizable as a poison.

A bright cyan-excitable orange fluorescent protein facilitates dual-emission microscopy and enhances bioluminescence imaging in vivo

PubMed Central

Chu, Jun; Oh, Young-Hee; Sens, Alex; Ataie, Niloufar; Dana, Hod; Macklin, John J.; Laviv, Tal; Welf, Erik S.; Dean, Kevin M.; Zhang, Feijie; Kim, Benjamin B.; Tang, Clement Tran; Hu, Michelle; Baird, Michelle A.; Davidson, Michael W.; Kay, Mark A.; Fiolka, Reto; Yasuda, Ryohei; Kim, Douglas S.; Ng, Ho-Leung; Lin, Michael Z.

2016-01-01

Orange-red fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used in biomedical research for multiplexed epifluorescence microscopy with GFP-based probes, but their different excitation requirements make multiplexing with new advanced microscopy methods difficult. Separately, orange-red FPs are useful for deep-tissue imaging in mammals due to the relative tissue transmissibility of orange-red light, but their dependence on illumination limits their sensitivity as reporters in deep tissues. Here we describe CyOFP1, a bright engineered orange-red FP that is excitable by cyan light. We show that CyOFP1 enables single-excitation multiplexed imaging with GFP-based probes in single-photon and two-photon microscopy, including time-lapse imaging in light-sheet systems. CyOFP1 also serves as an efficient acceptor for resonance energy transfer from the highly catalytic blue-emitting luciferase NanoLuc. An optimized fusion of CyOFP1 and NanoLuc, called Antares, functions as a highly sensitive bioluminescent reporter in vivo, producing substantially brighter signals from deep tissues than firefly luciferase and other bioluminescent proteins. PMID:27240196

Effects of tooth whitening and orange juice on surface properties of dental enamel.

PubMed

Ren, Yan-Fang; Amin, Azadeh; Malmstrom, Hans

2009-06-01

To study the effects of 6% H2O2 activated with LED light on surface enamel as compared to orange juice challenges in vitro. A total of 40 human enamel discs were incubated in saliva overnight to allow pellicle formation and then divided into three groups: 15 for whitening treatments, 15 for orange juice immersions and 10 for normal saline controls. Baseline microhardness was measured with a microhardness Knoop indenter (50g, 10s) and surface topography was evaluated with a focus-variation 3D scanning microscopy. Enamel discs were treated with H2O2 or orange juice for 20 min each cycle for five cycles to simulate daily treatment with the products for 5 days. The discs were stored in saliva between treatment cycles. Microhardness and surface topography were evaluated again after treatments. Changes in microhardness and in surface area roughness (Sa), mean maximum peak-to-valley distance (Sz) and the developed surface area ratio (Sdr) were compared before and after treatments (t-test) and among groups (ANOVA). Enamel surface hardness decreased by 84% after orange juice immersion but no statistically significant changes were observed in the whitening and control groups. Surface topography changed significantly only in the orange juice group as shown by increased Sa (1.2 microm vs. 2.0 microm), Sz (7.7 microm vs. 10.2 microm) and Sdr (2.8% vs. 6.0%). No such changes were observed in the whitening and control groups. In comparison to orange juice challenges, the effects of 6% H2O2 on surface enamel are insignificant. Orange juice erosion markedly decreased hardness and increased roughness of enamel.

Agent Orange exposure and attributed health effects in Vietnam veterans.

PubMed

Young, Alvin L; Cecil, Paul F

2011-07-01

Serum dioxin studies of Vietnam (VN) veterans, military historical records of tactical herbicide use in Vietnam, and the compelling evidence of the photodegradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other aspects of environmental fate and low bioavailability of TCDD are consistent with few, if any, ground troop veterans being exposed to Agent Orange. That conclusion, however, is contrary to the presumption by the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) that military service in Vietnam anytime from January 9, 1962 to May 7, 1975 is a proxy for exposure to Agent Orange. The DVA assumption is inconsistent with the scientific principles governing determinations of disease causation. The DVA has nonetheless awarded Agent Orange-related benefits and compensation to an increasing number of VN veterans based on the presumption of exposure and the published findings of the Institute of Medicine that there is sufficient evidence of a "statistical association" (a less stringent standard than "causal relationship") between exposure to tactical herbicides or TCDD and 15 different human diseases. A fairer and more valid approach for VN veterans would have been to enact a program of "Vietnam experience" benefits for those seriously ill, rather than benefits based on the dubious premise of injuries caused by Agent Orange.

The monoterpene limonene in orange peels attracts pests and microorganisms

PubMed Central

Rodríguez, Ana; Andrés, Victoria San; Cervera, Magdalena; Redondo, Ana; Alquézar, Berta; Shimada, Takehiko; Gadea, José; Rodrigo, María; Zacarías, Lorenzo; Palou, Lluís; López, María M.; Castañera, Pedro; Peña, Leandro

2011-01-01

Plant volatiles include terpenoids, which are generally involved in plant defense, repelling pests and pathogens and attracting insects for herbivore control, pollination and seed dispersal. Orange fruits accumulate the monoterpene limonene at high levels in the oil glands of their fruit peels. When limonene production was downregulated in orange fruits by the transgenic expression of a limonene synthase (CitMTSE1) in the antisense configuration, these fruits were resistant to the fungus Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. and the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and were less attractive to the medfly pest Ceratitis capitata. These responses were reversed when the antisense transgenic orange fruits were treated with limonene. To gain more insight into the role of the limonene concentration in fruit responses to pests and pathogens, we attempted to overexpress CitMTSE1 in the sense configuration in transgenic orange fruits. Only slight increases in the amount of limonene were found in sense transgenic fruits, maybe due to the detrimental effect that excessive limonene accumulation would have on plant development. Collectively, these results suggest that when limonene reaches peak levels as the fruit develops, it becomes a signal for pest and pathogen attraction, which facilitate access to the fruit for pulp consumers and seed dispersers. PMID:22212123

Improvement of Biogas Production from Orange Peel Waste by Leaching of Limonene

PubMed Central

Wikandari, Rachma; Nguyen, Huong; Millati, Ria; Niklasson, Claes; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J.

2015-01-01

Limonene is present in orange peel wastes and is known as an antimicrobial agent, which impedes biogas production when digesting the peels. In this work, pretreatment of the peels to remove limonene under mild condition was proposed by leaching of limonene using hexane as solvent. The pretreatments were carried out with homogenized or chopped orange peel at 20–40°C with orange peel waste and hexane ratio (w/v) ranging from 1 : 2 to 1 : 12 for 10 to 300 min. The pretreated peels were then digested in batch reactors for 33 days. The highest biogas production was achieved by treating chopped orange peel waste and hexane ratio of 12 : 1 at 20°C for 10 min corresponding to more than threefold increase of biogas production from 0.061 to 0.217 m3 methane/kg VS. The solvent recovery was 90% using vacuum filtration and needs further separation using evaporation. The hexane residue in the peel had a negative impact on biogas production as shown by 28.6% reduction of methane and lower methane production of pretreated orange peel waste in semicontinuous digestion system compared to that of untreated peel. PMID:25866787

Metabolomic comparative analysis of the phloem sap of curry leaf tree (Bergera koenegii), orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata), and Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) supports their differential responses to Huanglongbing

PubMed Central

Killiny, Nabil

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata and curry leaf tree, Bergera koenegii are alternative hosts for Diaphorina citri, the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus. D. citri feeds on the phloem sap where CLas grows. It has been shown that orange jasmine was a better host than curry leaf tree to D. citri. In addition, CLas can infect orange jasmine but not curry leaf tree. Here, we compared the phloem sap composition of these 2 plants to the main host, Valencia sweet orange, Citrus sinensis. Phloem sap was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after trimethylsilyl derivatization. Orange jasmine was the highest in proteinogenic, non-proteinogenic amino acids, organic acids, as well as total metabolites. Valencia was the highest in mono- and disaccharides, and sugar alcohols. Curry leaf tree was the lowest in most of the metabolites as well as total metabolites. Interestingly, malic acid was high in Valencia and orange jasmine but was not detected in the curry leaf. On the other hand, tartaric acid which can prevent the formation of malic acid in Krebs cycle was high in curry leaf. The nutrient inadequacy of the phloem sap in curry leaf tree, especially the amino acids could be the reason behind the longer life cycle and the low survival of D. citri and the limitation of CLas growth on this host. Information obtained from this study may help in cultivation of CLas and development of artificial diet for rearing of D. citri. PMID:27763819

Metabolomic comparative analysis of the phloem sap of curry leaf tree (Bergera koenegii), orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata), and Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) supports their differential responses to Huanglongbing.

PubMed

Killiny, Nabil

2016-11-01

Orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata and curry leaf tree, Bergera koenegii are alternative hosts for Diaphorina citri, the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus. D. citri feeds on the phloem sap where CLas grows. It has been shown that orange jasmine was a better host than curry leaf tree to D. citri. In addition, CLas can infect orange jasmine but not curry leaf tree. Here, we compared the phloem sap composition of these 2 plants to the main host, Valencia sweet orange, Citrus sinensis. Phloem sap was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after trimethylsilyl derivatization. Orange jasmine was the highest in proteinogenic, non-proteinogenic amino acids, organic acids, as well as total metabolites. Valencia was the highest in mono- and disaccharides, and sugar alcohols. Curry leaf tree was the lowest in most of the metabolites as well as total metabolites. Interestingly, malic acid was high in Valencia and orange jasmine but was not detected in the curry leaf. On the other hand, tartaric acid which can prevent the formation of malic acid in Krebs cycle was high in curry leaf. The nutrient inadequacy of the phloem sap in curry leaf tree, especially the amino acids could be the reason behind the longer life cycle and the low survival of D. citri and the limitation of CLas growth on this host. Information obtained from this study may help in cultivation of CLas and development of artificial diet for rearing of D. citri.

[Orange Platform].

PubMed

Toba, Kenji

2017-07-01

The Organized Registration for the Assessment of dementia on Nationwide General consortium toward Effective treatment in Japan (ORANGE platform) is a recently established nationwide clinical registry for dementia. This platform consists of multiple registries of patients with dementia stratified by the following clinical stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment, early-stage, and advanced-stage dementia. Patients will be examined in a super-longitudinal fashion, and their lifestyle, social background, genetic risk factors, and required care process will be assessed. This project is also notable because the care registry includes information on the successful, comprehensive management of patients with dementia. Therefore, this multicenter prospective cohort study will contribute participants to all clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease as well as improve the understanding of individuals with dementia.

The Effect of Using XO Computers on Students' Mathematics and Reading Abilities: Evidences from Learning Achievement Tests Conducted in Primary Education Schools in Mongolia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yamaguchi, Shinobu; Sukhbaatar, Javzan; Takada, Jun-ichi; Dayan-Ochir, Khishigbuyan

2014-01-01

In 2008, Mongolia took part in One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project. Since that time, over 10,000 students in grades 2-5 in 43 primary education schools are using XO computers. This paper presents the findings of a study conducted in 2012 to evaluate the impact of the OLPC initiatives on students' literacy and math skills. This study covered 14…

Glyphosate Control of Orange and Brown Rusts in Glyphosate-Sensitive Sugarcane Cultivars

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Technical Abstract: Brown and orange rust diseases cause substantial yield reductions on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in Florida and other regions where sugarcane is grown. Brown rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd has been present in Florida since 1978 and orange rust caused by Pucci...

The Crystal Structure of TAL Effector PthXo1 Bound to Its DNA Target

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mak, Amanda Nga-Sze; Bradley, Philip; Cernadas, Raul A.

2012-02-10

DNA recognition by TAL effectors is mediated by tandem repeats, each 33 to 35 residues in length, that specify nucleotides via unique repeat-variable diresidues (RVDs). The crystal structure of PthXo1 bound to its DNA target was determined by high-throughput computational structure prediction and validated by heavy-atom derivatization. Each repeat forms a left-handed, two-helix bundle that presents an RVD-containing loop to the DNA. The repeats self-associate to form a right-handed superhelix wrapped around the DNA major groove. The first RVD residue forms a stabilizing contact with the protein backbone, while the second makes a base-specific contact to the DNA sense strand.more » Two degenerate amino-terminal repeats also interact with the DNA. Containing several RVDs and noncanonical associations, the structure illustrates the basis of TAL effector-DNA recognition.« less

Hydrogeology and quality of ground water in Orange County, Florida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Adamski, James C.; German, Edward R.

2004-01-01

Ground water is the main source of water supply in central Florida and is critical for aquatic habitats and human consumption. To provide a better understanding for the conservation, development, and management of the water resources of Orange County, Florida, a study of the hydrogeologic framework, water budget, and ground-water quality characteristics was conducted from 1998 through 2002. The study also included extensive analyses of the surface-water resources, published as a separate report. An increase in population from about 264,000 in 1960 to 896,000 in 2000 and subsequent urban growth throughout this region has been accompanied by a substantial increase in water use. Total ground-water use in Orange County increased from about 82 million gallons per day in 1965 to about 287 million gallons per day in 2000. The hydrogeology of Orange County consists of three major hydrogeologic units: the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate confining unit, and the Floridan aquifer system. Data were compiled from 634 sites to construct hydrogeologic maps and sections of Orange County. Water-level elevations measured in 23 wells tapping the surficial aquifer system ranged from about 10.6 feet in eastern Orange County to 123.8 feet above NGVD 29 in northwestern Orange County from March 2000 through September 2001. Water levels also were measured in 14 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer. Water levels fluctuate over time from seasonal and annual variations in rainfall; however, water levels in a number of wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer have declined over time. Withdrawal of ground water from the aquifers by pumping probably is causing the declines because the average annual precipitation rate has not changed substantially in central Florida since the 1930s, although yearly rates can vary. A generalized water budget was computed for Orange County from 1991 to 2000. Average rates for the 10-year period for the following budget components were computed based

Effect of fermentation and subsequent pasteurization processes on amino acids composition of orange juice.

PubMed

Cerrillo, I; Fernández-Pachón, M S; Collado-González, J; Escudero-López, B; Berná, G; Herrero-Martín, G; Martín, F; Ferreres, F; Gil-Izquierdo, A

2015-06-01

The fermentation of fruit produces significant changes in their nutritional composition. An orange beverage has been obtained from the controlled alcoholic fermentation and thermal pasteurization of orange juice. A study was performed to determine the influence of both processes on its amino acid profile. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS was used for the first time for analysis of orange juice samples. Out of 29 amino acids and derivatives identified, eight (ethanolamine, ornithine, phosphoethanolamine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, hydroxyproline, methylhistidine, citrulline, and cystathionine) have not previously been detected in orange juice. The amino acid profile of the orange juice was not modified by its processing, but total amino acid content of the juice (8194 mg/L) was significantly increased at 9 days of fermentation (13,324 mg/L). Although the pasteurization process produced partial amino acid degradation, the total amino acid content was higher in the final product (9265 mg/L) than in the original juice, enhancing its nutritional value.

Limonoid content of sour orange varieties

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Modern Citrus cultivars are thought to have arisen from three parents- the (pummelo), the mandarin, and citron. Taxological and genetic data support that sweet and sour oranges share a common parentage. However, as their name suggests the organoleptic properties of the fruit from these two familie...

Agent Orange exposure and cancer incidence in Korean Vietnam veterans: a prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Yi, Sang-Wook; Ohrr, Heechoul

2014-12-01

During the Vietnam War, US and allied military sprayed approximately 77 million liters of tactical herbicides including Agent Orange, contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. To the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined the association between Agent Orange exposure and cancer incidence among Korean veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. An Agent Orange exposure index, based on the proximity of the veteran's military unit to the area that was sprayed with Agent Orange, was developed using a geographic information system-based model. Cancer incidence was followed for 180,251 Vietnam veterans from 1992 through 2003. After adjustment for age and military rank, high exposure to Agent Orange was found to significantly increase the risk of all cancers combined (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 1.08). Risks for cancers of the mouth (aHR, 2.54), salivary glands (aHR, 6.96), stomach (aHR, 1.14), and small intestine (aHR, 2.30) were found to be significantly higher in the high-exposure group compared with the low-exposure group. Risks for cancers of all sites combined (aHR, 1.02) and for cancers of the salivary glands (aHR, 1.47), stomach (aHR, 1.03), small intestine (aHR, 1.24), and liver (aHR, 1.02) were elevated with a 1-unit increase in the exposure index. Exposure to Agent Orange several decades earlier may increase the risk of cancers in all sites combined, as well as several specific cancers, among Korean veterans of the Vietnam War, including some cancers that were not found to be clearly associated with exposure to Agent Orange in previous cohort studies primarily based on Western populations. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance among the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Tuan Abdul Aziz, Tuan Azlin; Teh, Lay Kek; Md Idris, Muhd Hanis; Bannur, Zakaria; Ashari, Lydiatul Shima; Ismail, Adzrool Idzwan; Ahmad, Aminuddin; Isa, Kamarudzaman Md; Nor, Fadzilah Mohd; Rahman, Thuhairah Hasrah Abdul; Shaari, Syahrul Azlin Binti; Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan; Mohamad, Nornazliya; Salleh, Mohd Zaki

2016-03-24

Despite the strategic development plan by the authorities for the Orang Asli, there are six subtribes of which their population numbers are small (less than 700). These minorities were not included in most of the health related studies published thus far. A comprehensive physiological and biomedical updates on these small subtribes in comparison to the larger subtribes and the urban Malay population is timely and important to help provide appropriate measures to prevent further reduction in the numbers of the Orang Asli. A total of 191 Orang Asli from different villages in Peninsular Malaysia and 115 healthy urban Malays were recruited. Medical examinations and biochemical analyses were conducted. Framingham risk scores were determined. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 20.0. A higher percentage of the Orang Asli showed high insulin levels and hsCRP compared to the healthy Malays denoting possible risk of insulin resistance. High incidences of low HDL-c levels were observed in all the Orang Asli from the six subtribes but none was detected among the urban Malays. A higher percentage of inlanders (21.1% of the males and 4.2% of the females) were categorized to have high Framingham Risk Score. Orang Asli staying both in the inlands and peripheries are predisposed to cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance diabetes mellitus. The perception of Orang Asli being healthier than the urban people no longer holds. We believed that this information is important to the relevant parties in strategizing a healthier community of the Orang Asli to avoid the vanishing of the vulnerable group(s).

Ratiometric analysis of Acridine Orange staining in the study of acidic organelles and autophagy.

PubMed

Thomé, Marcos P; Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo C; Villodre, Emilly S; Migliavaca, Celina B; Onzi, Giovana R; Felipe, Karina B; Lenz, Guido

2016-12-15

Acridine Orange is a cell-permeable green fluorophore that can be protonated and trapped in acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs). Its metachromatic shift to red fluorescence is concentration-dependent and, therefore, Acridine Orange fluoresces red in AVOs, such as autolysosomes. This makes Acridine Orange staining a quick, accessible and reliable method to assess the volume of AVOs, which increases upon autophagy induction. Here, we describe a ratiometric analysis of autophagy using Acridine Orange, considering the red-to-green fluorescence intensity ratio (R/GFIR) to quantify flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy data of Acridine-Orange-stained cells. This method measured with accuracy the increase in autophagy induced by starvation or rapamycin, and the reduction in autophagy produced by bafilomycin A1 or the knockdown of Beclin1 or ATG7. Results obtained with Acridine Orange, considering R/GFIR, correlated with the conversion of the unlipidated form of LC3 (LC3-I) into the lipidated form (LC3-II), SQSTM1 degradation and GFP-LC3 puncta formation, thus validating this assay to be used as an initial and quantitative method for evaluating the late step of autophagy in individual cells, complementing other methods. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Detection of mandarin in orange juice by single-nucleotide polymorphism qPCR assay.

PubMed

Aldeguer, Miriam; López-Andreo, María; Gabaldón, José A; Puyet, Antonio

2014-02-15

A dual-probe real time PCR (qPCR) DNA-based analysis was devised for the identification of mandarin in orange juice. A single nucleotide polymorphism at the trnL-trnF intergenic region of the chloroplast chromosome was confirmed in nine orange (Citrus sinensis) and thirteen commercial varieties of mandarin, including Citrus reticulata and Citrus unshiu species and a mandarin × tangelo hybrid. Two short minor-groove binding fluorescent probes targeting the polymorphic sequence were used in the dual-probe qPCR, which allowed the detection of both species in single-tube reactions. The similarity of PCR efficiencies allowed a simple estimation of the ratio mandarin/orange in the juice samples, which correlated to the measured difference of threshold cycle values for both probes. The limit of detection of the assay was 5% of mandarin in orange juice, both when the juice was freshly prepared (not from concentrate) or reconstituted from concentrate, which would allow the detection of fraudulently added mandarin juice. The possible use of the dual-probe system for quantitative measurements was also tested on fruit juice mixtures. qPCR data obtained from samples containing equal amounts of mandarin and orange juice revealed that the mandarin target copy number was approximately 2.6-fold higher than in orange juice. The use of a matrix-adapted control as calibrator to compensate the resulting C(T) bias allowed accurate quantitative measurements to be obtained. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Unanticipated spin gap measured in the frustrated quasi-FCC d3 double perovskites La2 LiXO6 (X = Ru, Os)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maharaj, Dalini D.; Sala, Gabriele; Marjerrison, Casey A.; Greedan, John; Gaulin, Bruce; Stone, Matthew

There is much current interest in the influence of strong spin-orbit (SO) interactions on exotic ground state selection in new 4d and 5d magnets, particularly involving 4d5 Ir. Here we consider double perovskites of the form A2 BB'O6 which are based on heavy 4d or 5d magnetic ions, where the SO interaction is expected to be significant as it increases as ~Z4 . The double perovskite structure can accommodate a variety of magnetic ions on the B' site, providing a playground for systematic studies of the exotic ground states stabilized by strong SO coupling. Here, we report inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements conducted on the frustrated monoclinic magnets, La2LiXO6 (X = Ru, Os), wherein the magnetic moments decorate a quasi face-centered-cubic lattice. Our results show the development of a spin gap in the spin excitation spectrum of size ΔOs = 8 meV and ΔRu = 2.5meV concomitant with TN, which is unexpected for orbitally quenched d3 systems. We liken these results to INS results obtained for Ba2YXO6 and La2NaXO6, which were also shown to exhibit spin gaps that correlate with TN. We shall discuss trends observed in these three d3 double perovskite families which correlate strong SO coupling, spin gap and TN.

Red Orange: Experimental Models and Epidemiological Evidence of Its Benefits on Human Health

PubMed Central

Galvano, Fabio; Mistretta, Antonio; Marventano, Stefano; Nolfo, Francesca; Calabrese, Giorgio; Buscemi, Silvio; Drago, Filippo; Veronesi, Umberto; Scuderi, Alessandro

2013-01-01

In recent years, there has been increasing public interest in plant antioxidants, thanks to the potential anticarcinogenic and cardioprotective actions mediated by their biochemical properties. The red (or blood) orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is a pigmented sweet orange variety typical of eastern Sicily (southern Italy), California, and Spain. In this paper, we discuss the main health-related properties of the red orange that include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protection activities. Moreover, the effects on health of its main constituents (namely, flavonoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, and anthocyanins) are described. The red orange juice demonstrates an important antioxidant activity by modulating many antioxidant enzyme systems that efficiently counteract the oxidative damage which may play an important role in the etiology of numerous diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The beneficial effects of this fruit may be mediated by the synergic effects of its compounds. Thus, the supply of natural antioxidant compounds through a balanced diet rich in red oranges might provide protection against oxidative damage under differing conditions and could be more effective than, the supplementation of an individual antioxidant. PMID:23738032

Orange County Outdoor School: Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orange County Dept. of Education, Santa Ana, CA.

Divided into six sections, the guide provides helpful information for the teacher to prepare students to attend the Orange County Outdoor School. Pre-camp responsibilities section provides pre-camp preparation checklists for the principal, teacher, parents, school nurse, and outdoor specialist; a checklist for morning departure; discipline policy…

Carotenoid accumulation in orange-pigmented Capsicum annuum fruit, regulated at multiple levels.

PubMed

Rodriguez-Uribe, Laura; Guzman, Ivette; Rajapakse, Wathsala; Richins, Richard D; O'Connell, Mary A

2012-01-01

The pericarp of Capsicum fruit is a rich dietary source of carotenoids. Accumulation of these compounds may be controlled, in part, by gene transcription of biosynthetic enzymes. The carotenoid composition in a number of orange-coloured C. annuum cultivars was determined using HPLC and compared with transcript abundances for four carotenogenic enzymes, Psy, LcyB, CrtZ-2, and Ccs determined by qRT-PCR. There were unique carotenoid profiles as well as distinct patterns of transcription of carotenogenic enzymes within the seven orange-coloured cultivars. In one cultivar, 'Fogo', carrying the mutant ccs-3 allele, transcripts were detected for this gene, but no CCS protein accumulated. The premature stop termination in ccs-3 prevented expression of the biosynthetic activity to synthesize the capsanthin and capsorubin forms of carotenoids. In two other orange-coloured cultivars, 'Orange Grande' and 'Oriole', both with wild-type versions of all four carotenogenic enzymes, no transcripts for Ccs were detected and no red pigments accumulated. Finally, in a third case, the orange-coloured cultivar, Canary, transcripts for all four of the wild-type carotenogenic enzymes were readily detected yet no CCS protein appeared to accumulate and no red carotenoids were synthesized. In the past, mutations in Psy and Ccs have been identified as the loci controlling colour in the fruit. Now there is evidence that a non-structural gene may control colour development in Capsicum.

Effect of sweet orange aroma on experimental anxiety in humans.

PubMed

Goes, Tiago Costa; Antunes, Fabrício Dias; Alves, Péricles Barreto; Teixeira-Silva, Flavia

2012-08-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential anxiolytic effect of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) aroma in healthy volunteers submitted to an anxiogenic situation. Forty (40) male volunteers were allocated to five different groups for the inhalation of sweet orange essential oil (test aroma: 2.5, 5, or 10 drops), tea tree essential oil (control aroma: 2.5 drops), or water (nonaromatic control: 2.5 drops). Immediately after inhalation, each volunteer was submitted to a model of anxiety, the video-monitored version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT). Psychologic parameters (state-anxiety, subjective tension, tranquilization, and sedation) and physiologic parameters (heart rate and gastrocnemius electromyogram) were evaluated before the inhalation period and before, during, and after the SCWT. Unlike the control groups, the individuals exposed to the test aroma (2.5 and 10 drops) presented a lack of significant alterations (p>0.05) in state-anxiety, subjective tension and tranquillity levels throughout the anxiogenic situation, revealing an anxiolytic activity of sweet orange essential oil. Physiologic alterations along the test were not prevented in any treatment group, as has previously been observed for diazepam. Although more studies are needed to find out the clinical relevance of aromatherapy for anxiety disorders, the present results indicate an acute anxiolytic activity of sweet orange aroma, giving some scientific support to its use as a tranquilizer by aromatherapists.

76 FR 36080 - Foreign-Trade Zone 37-Orange County, NY; Application for Reorganization (Expansion of Service...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Docket 42-2011] Foreign-Trade Zone 37--Orange... of Orange, New York, grantee of FTZ 37, requesting authority to reorganize its zone to expand its... service area that includes Orange County. The applicant is requesting authority to expand the service area...

78 FR 12033 - Foreign-Trade Zone 37-Orange County, NY, Application for Reorganization (Expansion of Service...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [B-14-2013] Foreign-Trade Zone 37--Orange County... application has been submitted to the Foreign-Trade Zones (FTZ) Board (the Board) by the County of Orange... service area that includes Orange and Duchess Counties, New York. The applicant is now requesting...

A role for the deep orange and carnation eye color genes in lysosomal delivery in Drosophila.

PubMed

Sevrioukov, E A; He, J P; Moghrabi, N; Sunio, A; Krämer, H

1999-10-01

Deep orange and carnation are two of the classic eye color genes in Drosophila. Here, we demonstrate that Deep orange is part of a protein complex that localizes to endosomal compartments. A second component of this complex is Carnation, a homolog of Sec1p-like regulators of membrane fusion. Because complete loss of deep orange function is lethal, the role of this complex in intracellular trafficking was analyzed in deep orange mutant clones. Retinal cells devoid of deep orange function completely lacked pigmentation and exhibited exaggerated multivesicular structures. Furthermore, a defect in endocytic trafficking was visualized in developing photoreceptor cells. These results provide direct evidence that eye color mutations of the granule group also disrupt vesicular trafficking to lysosomes.

Influence of the protonation state on the binding mode of methyl orange with cucurbiturils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Suhang; Sun, Xuzhuo; Zhang, Haibo

2016-03-01

Binding modes of methyl orange (MO) with cucurbiturils (CBs) have been investigated by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction and NMR Spectroscopy. Detailed study of intermolecular interactions was supported by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. Protonation state of the anionic part of methyl orange has greatly influenced the binding mode of the complex. Stabilized by hydrogen bonding at the portal, hydrophobic and dispersion interactions in the cavity, the protonated methyl orange was deeply inserted into the cavity. On the contrary, the anionic methyl orange has been pushed towards the outside of the cavity by the electrostatic repulsion between the azo group and the portal oxygen. A ;water bridge; was found in MO@CB8 linking both host and guest via hydrogen bonds.

21 CFR 146.135 - Orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Orange juice. 146.135 Section 146.135 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CANNED FRUIT JUICES Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruit Juices and Beverages § 146...

Trapping characteristic of halloysite lumen for methyl orange

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Hao; Yan, Hua; Pei, Zhenzhao; Wu, Junyong; Li, Rongrong; Jin, Yanxian; Zhao, Jie

2015-08-01

The interaction of clay minerals and dyes is an area of great interest especially in the development of novel adsorbents. In this report, we demonstrated interaction of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and an anionic dye, methyl orange (MO), through a electrostatic attraction. Halloysite lumen has a trapping characteristic for methyl orange, which is mainly determined by the positively charged nature of the inner surface of HNTs. XRD results confirmed that intercalation of methyl orange into HNTs did not occur. SEM-EDS and photostability results showed that MO molecules were primarily in HNTs lumen. Adsorption isotherm studies revealed an interesting phenomenon, i.e., a sudden increase of adsorption capacity occurred in the initial dye concentration of about 75 mg/L, which was just the dye concentration corresponding to the onset of dye oligomer formation. This suggested dye aggregation state had a decisive influence to the adsorption behavior of MO on the halloysite. BET results demonstrated at low and high dye concentrations, single MO molecule and aggregation of several dimers through hydrophobic interaction, interacted with Al-OH2+ sites on the inner wall, respectively. Desorption experiments showed that MO in HNTs can be completely removed with deionized water, indicating halloysite is a low-cost and efficient adsorbent for anionic dye.

Flora of the Orange Cliffs of Utah

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shultz, L.M.; Neely, E.E.; Tuhy, J.S.

1987-04-30

The Orange Cliffs area, an area rich in oil sands deposits and defined here as part of the Colorado Plateau floristic province, harbors approximately 209 species in 123 genera and 49 families. Because of the potential of exploitation of the oil sands deposits in the area, a species checklist was made and a discussion of physical and floristic aspects of the region is given here. The flora is compared statistically to the San Rafael Swell flora, which is also a subset of the Colorado Plateau. They define six vegetation types and three edaphic communities; these are described and mapped. Ofmore » eleven endemic plant species in the Orange Cliffs, three are local and rare. Sites for Astragalus nidularius, A. moencoppensis, and Xylorhiza glabriuscula var. linearifolia are discussed and mapped. 24 references, 3 figures, 3 tables.« less

A study of DNA protective effect of orange juice supplementation.

PubMed

Szeto, Yim Tong; To, Tai Lun; Pak, Sok Cheon; Kalle, Wouter

2013-05-01

The potential acute genoprotective effect of orange juice supplementation was investigated. Six healthy subjects (aged 33 to 60 years; 3 women and 3 men) were asked to drink 400 mL of commercial orange juice, which contained 100 mg vitamin C and 40.8 g sugar. Venous blood (2 mL) was taken before and 2 h after ingestion (test trial). A week later, the subjects were asked to repeat the trial by drinking 400 mL water with 100 mg vitamin C and 40.8 g glucose (control trial). Lymphocytes isolated from blood samples underwent comet assay on the day of collection. Pre- and postingestion DNA damage scores were measured in both the test and control trials. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide after 2 h of supplementation with orange juice, and no change in baseline DNA damage. There was no significant decrease in the DNA damage in lymphocytes in the control trial.

Synchrotron radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the interface chemistry of high-k PrxAl2-xO3 (x=0-2) dielectrics on TiN for dynamic random access memory applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schroeder, T.; Lupina, G.; Sohal, R.; Lippert, G.; Wenger, Ch.; Seifarth, O.; Tallarida, M.; Schmeisser, D.

2007-07-01

Engineered dielectrics combined with compatible metal electrodes are important materials science approaches to scale three-dimensional trench dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cells. Highly insulating dielectrics with high dielectric constants were engineered in this study on TiN metal electrodes by partly substituting Al in the wide band gap insulator Al2O3 by Pr cations. High quality PrAlO3 metal-insulator-metal capacitors were processed with a dielectric constant of 19, three times higher than in the case of Al2O3 reference cells. As a parasitic low dielectric constant interface layer between PrAlO3 and TiN limits the total performance gain, a systematic nondestructive synchrotron x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the interface chemistry of PrxAl2-xO3 (x =0-2) dielectrics on TiN layers was applied to unveil its chemical origin. The interface layer results from the decreasing chemical reactivity of PrxAl2-xO3 dielectrics with increasing Pr content x to reduce native Ti oxide compounds present on unprotected TiN films. Accordingly, PrAlO3 based DRAM capacitors require strict control of the surface chemistry of the TiN electrode, a parameter furthermore of importance to engineer the band offsets of PrxAl2-xO3/TiN heterojunctions.

A critical review of the epidemiology of Agent Orange/TCDD and prostate cancer.

PubMed

Chang, Ellen T; Boffetta, Paolo; Adami, Hans-Olov; Cole, Philip; Mandel, Jack S

2014-10-01

To inform risk assessment and regulatory decision-making, the relationship between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and prostate cancer requires clarification. This article systematically and critically reviews the epidemiologic evidence on the association between exposure to TCDD or Agent Orange, a TCDD-contaminated herbicide used during the Vietnam War, and prostate cancer risk. Articles evaluated include 11 studies of three cohorts, four case-control or cross-sectional studies, and three case-only studies of military veterans with information on estimated Agent Orange or TCDD exposure; 13 studies of seven cohorts, one case-control study, and eight proportionate morbidity or mortality studies of Vietnam veterans without information on Agent Orange exposure; 11 cohort studies of workers with occupational exposure to TCDD; and two studies of one community cohort with environmental exposure to TCDD. The most informative studies, including those of Vietnam veterans involved in Agent Orange spraying or other handling, herbicide manufacturing or spraying workers with occupational TCDD exposure, and community members exposed to TCDD through an industrial accident, consistently reported no significant increase in prostate cancer incidence or mortality. Only some potentially confounded studies of Vietnam veterans compared with the general population, studies with unreliable estimates of Agent Orange exposure, and analyses of selected subgroups of Vietnam veterans reported positive associations. Overall, epidemiologic research offers no consistent or convincing evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to Agent Orange or TCDD and prostate cancer. More accurate exposure assessment is needed in large epidemiologic studies to rule out a causal association more conclusively.

Vitamin C Content of Commercial Orange Juices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haddad, Paul

1977-01-01

Describes an experiment designed to confirm that newly purchased commercial orange juice contains sufficient ascorbic acid to meet government standards, and to establish the rate of aerial oxidation of this ascorbic acid when the juice is stored in a refrigerator. (MLH)

Introduction of orange rust caused by Puccinia kuehnii into the Louisiana sugarcane industry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The first observation of orange rust infecting sugarcane, caused by Puccinia kuehnii, in the Americas was in Florida in 2007. To monitor for the possible introduction of orange rust into Louisiana, visual surveys were initiated throughout the Louisiana sugarcane industry among plantings of cultivar...

Drinking orange juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults.

PubMed

Foroudi, Shahrzad; Potter, Andrew S; Stamatikos, Alexis; Patil, Bhimanagouda S; Deyhim, Farzad

2014-05-01

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world and is the primary cause of mortality among Americans. One of the many reasons for the pathogenesis of CVD is attributed to eating diets high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates and low in fruits and vegetables. Epidemiological evidence has supported a strong association between eating diets rich in fruits and vegetables and cardiovascular health. An experiment was conducted utilizing 24 adults with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia to evaluate the impact of drinking 20 fl oz of freshly squeezed orange juice daily for 90 days on blood pressure, lipid panels, plasma antioxidant capacity, metabolic hormones, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory markers. Except for addition of drinking orange juice, subjects did not modify their eating habits. The findings suggested that drinking orange juice does not affect (P>.1) blood pressure, lipid panels, metabolic hormones, body fat percentage, or inflammatory markers. However, total plasma antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (P<.05) and lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased (P<.05) after orange juice consumption. Drinking orange juice may protect the cardiovascular system by increasing total plasma antioxidant status and by lowering lipid peroxidation independent of other cardiovascular risk markers evaluated in this study.

Carotenoid accumulation in orange-pigmented Capsicum annuum fruit, regulated at multiple levels

PubMed Central

Rodriguez-Uribe, Laura; Guzman, Ivette; Rajapakse, Wathsala; Richins, Richard D.; O’Connell, Mary A.

2012-01-01

The pericarp of Capsicum fruit is a rich dietary source of carotenoids. Accumulation of these compounds may be controlled, in part, by gene transcription of biosynthetic enzymes. The carotenoid composition in a number of orange-coloured C. annuum cultivars was determined using HPLC and compared with transcript abundances for four carotenogenic enzymes, Psy, LcyB, CrtZ-2, and Ccs determined by qRT-PCR. There were unique carotenoid profiles as well as distinct patterns of transcription of carotenogenic enzymes within the seven orange-coloured cultivars. In one cultivar, ‘Fogo’, carrying the mutant ccs-3 allele, transcripts were detected for this gene, but no CCS protein accumulated. The premature stop termination in ccs-3 prevented expression of the biosynthetic activity to synthesize the capsanthin and capsorubin forms of carotenoids. In two other orange-coloured cultivars, ‘Orange Grande’ and ‘Oriole’, both with wild-type versions of all four carotenogenic enzymes, no transcripts for Ccs were detected and no red pigments accumulated. Finally, in a third case, the orange-coloured cultivar, Canary, transcripts for all four of the wild-type carotenogenic enzymes were readily detected yet no CCS protein appeared to accumulate and no red carotenoids were synthesized. In the past, mutations in Psy and Ccs have been identified as the loci controlling colour in the fruit. Now there is evidence that a non-structural gene may control colour development in Capsicum. PMID:21948863

Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia screening among Senoi Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rong, Danny Koh Xuan; Ismail, Endom; Sabudin, Raja Zahratul Azma Raja; Hussin, Noor Hamidah; Othman, Ainoon

2015-09-01

Orang Asli are the minority indigenous people in Peninsular Malaysia and can be divided into 3 main groups (Negrito, Senoi and Proto Malay) with different six sub-ethnics under each group. Within the Senoi group, the six sub-ethnics are sub-ethnic Mah Meri, Semoq Beri, Che Wong, Jah Hut, Semai and Temiar. This study was aimed to investigate the current prevalence of α- and β-thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies and their mutation types among all six sub-ethnics of Senoi Orang Asli. Blood samples from 685 Senoi participants were collected and sent immediately for routine full blood count analysis and hemoglobin sub-typing. Of 378 subjects screened, 7 subjects were found to be Hemoglobin E (HbE) beta thalassemia carriers, 13 beta thalassaemic, 35 Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS) carriers, 6 compound HbE and HbCS carriers, 32 with HbE disease and 163 HbE heterozygote carriers. The findings of high HbE among Temiars and Jah Huts and high HbCS exclusively in Jah Huts in this study suggest distinct differences across sub-ethnics under Senoi group. Understanding of prevalence and wide spectrum of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies among Senoi and Orang Asli is essential for national thalassaemia awareness and prevention program, especially in Orang Asli communities.

Discrimination of orange beverage emulsions with different formulations using multivariate analysis.

PubMed

Mirhosseini, Hamed; Tan, Chin Ping

2010-06-01

The constituents in a food emulsion interact with each other, either physically or chemically, determining the overall physico-chemical and organoleptic properties of the final product. Thus, the main objective of present study was to investigate the effect of emulsion components on beverage emulsion properties. In most cases, the second-order polynomial regression models with no significant (P > 0.05) lack of fit and high adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R(2), 0.851-0.996) were significantly fitted to explain the beverage emulsion properties as function of main emulsion components. The main effect of gum arabic was found to be significant (P < 0.05) in all response regression models. Orange beverage emulsion containing 222.0 g kg(-1) gum arabic, 2.4 g kg(-1) xanthan gum and 152.7 g kg(-1) orange oil was predicted to provide the desirable emulsion properties. The present study suggests that the concentration of gum arabic should be considered as a primary critical factor for the formulation of orange beverage emulsion. This study also indicated that the interaction effect between xanthan gum and orange oil showed the most significant (P < 0.05) effect among all interaction effects influencing all the physicochemical properties except for density. Copyright (c) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry.

21 CFR 74.250 - Orange B.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... listed in part 73 of this chapter as safe and suitable in color additive mixtures for coloring foods. (b... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Orange B. 74.250 Section 74.250 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR...

77 FR 23659 - Revocation of Antidumping Duty Order: Certain Orange Juice From Brazil

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... Duty Order: Certain Orange Juice From Brazil AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade...) initiated a sunset review of the antidumping duty order on certain orange juice (OJ) from Brazil.\\1\\ On...), the Department is revoking the antidumping duty order on OJ from Brazil. \\1\\ See Initiation of Five...

Pesticide residues in orange fruit from citrus orchards in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico.

PubMed

Suárez-Jacobo, Angela; Alcantar-Rosales, Victor Manuel; Alonso-Segura, Diana; Heras-Ramírez, Maria; Elizarragaz-De La Rosa, Dalau; Lugo-Melchor, Ofelia; Gaspar-Ramirez, Octavio

2017-09-01

Some international organisations established maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food to protect human health. Mexico lacks regulations in this matter, affecting national and international trade from agroindustry. The aim of this study was to diagnose pesticide residues in oranges from Nuevo Leon, México, in citrus orchards. In May 2014, 100 orange fruit samples were taken randomly from orchards and subjected to analysis for 93 pesticides at residual level by GC/QQQ-MS and LCQ-TOF-MS. Results showed the presence of 15 pesticide residues in the samples. The comparison of the residual levels of pesticides found in orange samples among the MRLs allowed by USA, EU and Japanese regulations demonstrated that all samples were below MRLs issued by USA and Japan. Some orange samples were above MRLs issued by the EU. This provides a basis to establish strategies in order to satisfy International Standards to protect human health and encourage Food Safety in Mexico.

Effect of Mandarin Orange Yogurt on Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Conjunctival Allergen Challenge.

PubMed

Hara, Yuko; Shiraishi, Atsushi; Sakane, Yuri; Takezawa, Yuki; Kamao, Tomoyuki; Ohashi, Yuichi; Yasunaga, Sho; Sugahara, Takuya

2017-06-01

To evaluate the effects of mandarin orange yogurt containing nobiletin and β-lactoglobulin on the allergic conjunctivitis induced by a conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC). Experiment 1 was performed on 26 asymptomatic patients (age, 25.3 ± 5.3 years) with proven seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to cedar pollen. We compared the degree of conjunctivitis induced by CAC before and after ingesting mandarin orange yogurt for 2 weeks. Experiment 2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed on 31 patients (age, 32.5 ± 12.2 years). A diet containing mandarin orange yogurt was compared to a diet containing yogurt lacking the mandarin orange on the conjunctivitis induced by CAC. The temperature of the inferior bulbar conjunctiva was measured before and 20 minutes after the CAC with an ocular surface thermographer (OST). The degree of conjunctival injection and chemosis was graded by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The changes in the symptoms were evaluated by a questionnaire. In experiment 1, the scores of redness (3.07 ± 3.03 vs. 1.05 ± 1.70), chemosis (2.84 ± 2.27 vs. 0.81 ± 1.11), itching (4.34 ± 3.05 vs. 1.39 ± 2.12), and temperature (0.73 ± 0.42°C vs. 0.45 ± 0.43°C) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) after a diet of mandarin orange yogurt for 2 weeks. In experiment 2, the scores of redness (1.03 ± 0.18 vs. 1.28 ± 0.52; P = 0.0156), itching (1.93 ± 1.92 vs. 2.82 ± 2.21; P = 0.0133), and surface temperature (0.54 ± 0.21°C vs. 0.31 ± 0.25°C; P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the mandarin orange yogurt group than in the control yogurt group. Mandarin orange yogurt can be an effective nutritional intervention for allergic conjunctivitis.

Osage-orange: a pioneering stewardship species

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; James D. Burton

1997-01-01

Osage-orange, a small tree with a number of unique characteristics, played an important role in the settlement of the prairies. One of the more significant contributions was in the use of the species for hedges. The thorny, low-spreading crowns provided excellent fencing when properly main tamed. This use, plus its later used in skelterbelts, exert a continuing...

Clinicopathological features of mycosis fungoides in patients exposed to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War.

PubMed

Jang, Min Soo; Jang, Jun Gyu; Han, Sang Hwa; Park, Jong Bin; Kang, Dong Young; Kim, Sang Tae; Suh, Kee Suck

2013-08-01

There are no reports on the clinicopathological features of mycosis fungoides (MF) among veterans exposed to Agent Orange, one of the herbicides used during the Vietnam War. To evaluate the clinical, histopathological and genotypic findings of Vietnam War veterans with MF and a positive history of exposure to Agent Orange, we performed a comparative clinicopathological study between MF patients with a history of Agent Orange exposure and those without a history of Agent Orange exposure. Twelve Vietnam War veterans with MF were identified. The mean interval from Agent Orange exposure to diagnosis was 24.5 years (range, 9-35). Skin lesions were significantly present on exposed and unexposed areas. Most patients (75%) experienced pruritus (mean visual analog scale score of 6.7). MF was manifested by plaques in 10 patients and by lichenification in five. Histopathological features of most cases were consistent with MF. Biopsy specimens also demonstrated irregular acanthosis (66.7%). In the comparative study, MF patients with a history of Agent Orange exposure differed significantly from those without exposure to Agent Orange in demographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, patients with exposure had an increased tendency for lesions in the exposed area. Notably, our patients showed a higher frequency (33.3%) of mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris than in previous studies. Histologically, irregular acanthosis was more frequently observed than ordinary MF. Our results indicate that dermatologists should pay close attention to these clinicopathological differences. Careful assessment of history of exposure to defoliants is warranted in some cases suspicious for MF. © 2013 Japanese Dermatological Association.

Retrotransposons Control Fruit-Specific, Cold-Dependent Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Blood Oranges[W][OA

PubMed Central

Butelli, Eugenio; Licciardello, Concetta; Zhang, Yang; Liu, Jianjun; Mackay, Steve; Bailey, Paul; Reforgiato-Recupero, Giuseppe; Martin, Cathie

2012-01-01

Traditionally, Sicilian blood oranges (Citrus sinensis) have been associated with cardiovascular health, and consumption has been shown to prevent obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Despite increasing consumer interest in these health-promoting attributes, production of blood oranges remains unreliable due largely to a dependency on cold for full color formation. We show that Sicilian blood orange arose by insertion of a Copia-like retrotransposon adjacent to a gene encoding Ruby, a MYB transcriptional activator of anthocyanin production. The retrotransposon controls Ruby expression, and cold dependency reflects the induction of the retroelement by stress. A blood orange of Chinese origin results from an independent insertion of a similar retrotransposon, and color formation in its fruit is also cold dependent. Our results suggest that transposition and recombination of retroelements are likely important sources of variation in Citrus. PMID:22427337

7 CFR 944.312 - Orange import regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Orange import regulation. 944.312 Section 944.312 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FRUITS; IMPORT REGULATIONS § 944...

7 CFR 944.312 - Orange import regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Orange import regulation. 944.312 Section 944.312 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FRUITS; IMPORT REGULATIONS § 944...

7 CFR 944.312 - Orange import regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Orange import regulation. 944.312 Section 944.312 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FRUITS; IMPORT REGULATIONS § 944...

7 CFR 944.312 - Orange import regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Orange import regulation. 944.312 Section 944.312 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FRUITS; IMPORT REGULATIONS § 944...

Orange County Outdoor School: Cabin Leader's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orange County Dept. of Education, Santa Ana, CA.

Presented in five sections, the manual furnishes cabin leaders (high school students) with background information concerning philosophy, teaching, objectives, daily schedule, and cabin leader responsibilities in the Orange County Outdoor School program. The welcome section contains the history of the Outdoor School, staff responsibilities,…

Assessment of the effectiveness of orange (Citrus reticulata) peel in the recovery of nickel from electroplating wastewater.

PubMed

Hussein, Rim A

2014-12-01

Wastewater discharged from electroplating industry contains different concentrations of heavy metals, which when released into the environment pose a health hazard to human beings. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of orange peel as an adsorbent in the recovery of Nickel (Ni) from electroplating wastewater. The effectiveness of orange peel as an adsorbent was assessed by determining the optimum conditions of adsorption (adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time), calculating the recovery percentage, and characterizing the orange peel sludge resulting from adsorption/desorption process as being hazardous or not. Under optimum conditions for adsorption, orange peel was found to be an effective adsorbent of Ni from electroplating wastewater. It achieved 59.28% removal of the metal from a solution containing 528 mg/l, at a dose of 60 g/l, at pH 7, and for 1-h contact time. The nickel uptake capacity of orange peel was calculated to be 5.2 mg/g. Using HCl for desorption of adsorbed Ni, a recovery of 44.46% of Ni discharged in the wastewater could be reached. Orange peel resulting from the adsorption/desorption process was characterized as being nonhazardous. Orange peel was found to be effective in the recovery of nearly half of the amount of Ni discharged in electroplating wastewater. Further studies are required to determine (a) the impact of the recovered NiCl2 solution on the quality of the plated product, (b) the effect of activation of orange peel on the adsorption process, and (c) the number of cycles during which orange peel can be reused as an effective adsorbent.

Determination of volatile, phenolic, organic acid and sugar components in a Turkish cv. Dortyol (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) orange juice.

PubMed

Kelebek, Hasim; Selli, Serkan

2011-08-15

Orange flavour is the results of a natural combination of volatile compounds in a well-balanced system including sugars, acids and phenolic compounds. This paper reports the results of the first determination of aroma, organic acids, sugars, and phenolic components in Dortyol yerli orange juices. A total of 58 volatile components, including esters (nine), terpenes (19), terpenols (13), aldehydes (two), ketones (three), alcohols (four) and acids (eight) were identified and quantified in Dortyol yerli orange juice by GC-FID and GC-MS. Organic acids, sugars and phenolic compositions were also determined by HPLC methods. The major organic acid and sugar found were citric acid and sucrose, respectively. With regard to phenolics, 14 compounds were identified and quantified in the orange juice. Terpenes and terpenols were found as the main types of volatile components in Dortyol yerli orange juice. In terms of aroma contribution to orange juice, 12 compounds were prominent based on the odour activity values (OAVs). The highest OAV values were recorded for ethyl butanoate, nootkatone, linalool and DL-limonene. When we compare the obtained results of cv. Dortyol orange juice with the other orange juice varieties, the composition of Dortyol orange juice was similar to Valencia and Navel orange juices. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

Stripe-like nanoscale structural phase separation in superconducting BaPb 1-xBi xO 3

DOE PAGES

Giraldo-Gallo, P.; Zhang, Y.; Parra, C.; ...

2015-09-16

The phase diagram of BaPb 1-xBi xO 3 exhibits a superconducting “dome” in the proximity of a charge density wave phase. For the superconducting compositions, the material coexists as two structural polymorphs. Here we show, via high resolution transmission electron microscopy, that the structural dimorphism is accommodated in the form of partially disordered nanoscale stripes. Identification of the morphology of the nanoscale structural phase separation enables determination of the associated length scales, which we compare to the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length. Thus, we find that the maximum T c occurs when the superconducting coherence length matches the width of the partiallymore » disordered stripes, implying a connection between the structural phase separation and the shape of the superconducting dome.« less

Assessing the Effects of Climate Variability on Orange Yield in Florida to Reduce Production Forecast Errors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Concha Larrauri, P.

2015-12-01

Orange production in Florida has experienced a decline over the past decade. Hurricanes in 2004 and 2005 greatly affected production, almost to the same degree as strong freezes that occurred in the 1980's. The spread of the citrus greening disease after the hurricanes has also contributed to a reduction in orange production in Florida. The occurrence of hurricanes and diseases cannot easily be predicted but the additional effects of climate on orange yield can be studied and incorporated into existing production forecasts that are based on physical surveys, such as the October Citrus forecast issued every year by the USDA. Specific climate variables ocurring before and after the October forecast is issued can have impacts on flowering, orange drop rates, growth, and maturation, and can contribute to the forecast error. Here we present a methodology to incorporate local climate variables to predict the USDA's orange production forecast error, and we study the local effects of climate on yield in different counties in Florida. This information can aid farmers to gain an insight on what is to be expected during the orange production cycle, and can help supply chain managers to better plan their strategy.

Structural and magnetic phase transitions in EuTi 1-xNb xO 3

DOE PAGES

Li, Ling; Morris, James R.; Koehler, Michael R.; ...

2015-07-30

Here, we investigate the structural and magnetic phase transitions in EuTi 1-xNb xO 3 (0≤x≤0.3) with synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements. Upon Nb doping, the Pmmore » $$\\bar{3}$$m ↔ I4/mcm structural transition shifts to higher temperatures and the room temperature lattice parameter increases while the magnitude of the octahedral tilting decreases. In addition, Nb substitution for Ti destabilizes the antiferromagnetic ground state of the parent compound and long-range ferromagnetic order is observed in the samples with x≥0.1. Moreover, the structural transition in pure and doped compounds is marked by a dramatic step-like softening of the elastic moduli near T S, which resembles that of SrTiO 3 and can be adequately modeled using the Landau free energy model employing the same coupling between strain and octahedral tilting order parameter as previously used to model SrTiO 3.« less

Antioxidant activity of oils extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis) seeds.

PubMed

Jorge, Neuza; Silva, Ana Carolina da; Aranha, Caroline P M

2016-05-31

Due to the increasing production of food in the world with consequent increase of the production of waste, the importance of developing researches for its use is noticed. Thus, the interest in vegetable oils with bioactive compounds, such as the ones extracted from fruit seeds, is growing. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the oils extracted from seeds of Hamlin, Natal, Pera-rio and Valencia orange varieties (Citrus sinensis), as to the levels of total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, tocopherols and phytosterols, as well as to determine their antioxidant activity. The orange seed oils presented important content of total carotenoids (19.01 mg/kg), total phenolic compounds (4.43 g/kg), α-tocopherol (135.65 mg/kg) and phytosterols (1304.2 mg/kg). The antioxidant activity ranged from 56.0% (Natal) to 70.2% (Pera-rio). According to the results it is possible to conclude that the orange seed oils can be used as specialty oils in diet, since they contain considerable amounts of bioactive compounds and antioxidants.

The effect of chloroform, orange oil and eucalyptol on root canal transportation in endodontic retreatment.

PubMed

Karataş, Ertuğrul; Kol, Elif; Bayrakdar, İbrahim Şevki; Arslan, Hakan

2016-04-01

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of solvents on root canal transportation in endodontic retreatment. Sixty extracted human permanent mandibular first molars with curved root canals were selected. All of the root canals were prepared using Twisted File Adaptive instruments (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) using the cold lateral compaction technique. The teeth were assigned to four retreatment groups as follows (n = 15): eucalyptol, chloroform, orange oil and control. The canals were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography scanning before and after instrumentation. The chloroform group showed a significantly higher mean transportation value than the orange oil and control groups at the 3 and 5 mm levels (P = 0.011 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference among the orange oil, eucalyptol and control groups in terms of canal transportation (P > 0.61). The chloroform led to more canal transportation than the eucalyptol and orange oil during endodontic retreatment. © 2015 Australian Society of Endodontology.

Complete degradation of Orange G by electrolysis in sub-critical water.

PubMed

Yuksel, Asli; Sasaki, Mitsuru; Goto, Motonobu

2011-06-15

Complete degradation of azo dye Orange G was studied using a 500 mL continuous flow reactor made of SUS 316 stainless steel. In this system, a titanium reactor wall acted as a cathode and a titanium plate-type electrode was used as an anode in a subcritical reaction medium. This hydrothermal electrolysis process provides an environmentally friendly route that does not use any organic solvents or catalysts to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. Reactions were carried out from 30 to 90 min residence times at a pressure of 7 MPa, and at different temperatures of 180-250°C by applying various direct currents ranging from 0.5 to 1A. Removal of dye from the product solution and conversion of TOC increased with increasing current value. Moreover, the effect of salt addition on degradation of Orange G and TOC conversion was investigated, because in real textile wastewater, many salts are also included together with dye. Addition of Na(2)CO(3) resulted in a massive degradation of the dye itself and complete mineralization of TOC, while NaCl and Na(2)SO(4) obstructed the removal of Orange G. Greater than 99% of Orange G was successfully removed from the product solution with a 98% TOC conversion. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparative study of flavonoid production in lycopene-accumulated and blonde-flesh sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) during fruit development.

PubMed

Chen, Jiajing; Zhang, Hongyan; Pang, Yibo; Cheng, Yunjiang; Deng, Xiuxin; Xu, Juan

2015-10-01

Four main flavanone glycosides (FGs) and four main polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) were determined in fruits of 'Cara Cara' navel orange, 'Seike' navel orange, 'Anliu' and 'Honganliu' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). No bitter neohesperidosides were detected in the FG profiles, indicating the functional inability of 1,2-rhamnosyltransferase, though relatively high transcription levels were detected in the fruit tissues of 'Anliu' and 'Honganliu' sweet oranges. Different to the FGs, the PMFs only exist abundantly in the peel and decreased gradually throughout fruit development of sweet oranges, suggesting the expression of methylation-related genes accounting for PMF biosynthesis have tissue-specificity. Significant changes in production of the eight flavonoids were found between red-flesh and blonde-flesh sweet oranges, indicating that lycopene accumulation might have direct or indirect effects on the modification of flavonoid biosynthesis in these citrus fruits. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multiferroic properties of microwave sintered PbFe12-xO19-δ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prathap, S.; Madhuri, W.

2017-05-01

The effect of iron deficiency on the structural, electrical, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of nano PbFe12-xO19-δ (where x=0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) hexaferrites prepared by sol-gel auto combustion and processed by microwaves are investigated. X-ray analysis confirms single phase magneto-plumbite phase formation. The surface morphology is studied from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Further, optical properties are investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectra and UV-visible spectra. AC electrical conductivity is estimated as a function of temperature and frequency in the range of room temperature (RT) to 500 °C and 100 Hz to 5MHz. AC electrical conduction analysis shows that conduction is mainly due to small polaron hopping mechanism. The variation of polarization with applied electric field exhibits hysteresis loop confirming the ferroelectric nature. The initial permeability studies with varying temperature reveals that the Curie transition temperature for the present series is around 400 °C. Variation of initial permeability with frequency ranging from 100 to 5 MHz shows a constant value (except for x=0.0) opening avenues for high frequency applications.

Properties of Orange-Pupa-Inducing Factor (OPIF) in the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L.

PubMed

Yamanaka, Akira; Adachi, Miwa; Imai, Hiroshi; Uchiyama, Terumasa; Inoue, Moeko; Islam, A T M Fayezul; Kitazawa, Chisato; Endo, Katsuhiko

2006-03-01

Diapause pupae of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus L. exhibit diapause-green, orange and brownish-orange color polymorphism. Development of orange pupae involves a neuroendocrine factor inducing orange pupa (Orange-Pupa-Inducing Factor, OPIF), which is secreted from the head-thoracic region during late pharate pupal stages, in particular from the ganglia of short-day animals located posteriorly from the second thoracic ganglion2 (TG2). This report describes certain properties of OPIF using bioassays involving ligated abdomens of short-day pharate pupae. Localization of OPIF in the central nervous system of short-day larvae indicated that it was present predominantly in TG2, thoracic ganglion3 (TG3) and abdominal ganglion1 (AG1) complexes. OPIF activity in TG(2,3)-AG1 complexes was over two times higher than in the more posteriorely located ganglia. The developmental profile of OPIF in last instar short-day larvae revealed that OPIF activity in larval ganglia posterior to TG2 became gradually higher as larval growth proceeded, suggesting that OPIF might be accumulated in TG(2,3)-AG(1-7) complexes as larvae prepare for pupal molting. Furthermore, ligated abdomens of short-day larvae developed into pupae of an orange type when a 2% NaCl extract containing OPIF prepared from TG(2,3)-AG(1-7) complexes of long-day larvae was injected into ligated abdomens of short-day pharate pupae, indicating that OPIF is also present in long-day larvae. Additionally, a biochemical investigation using gel filtration chromatography showed that the molecular weight of OPIF was about 10 kDa.

Simultaneous HPLC determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids profile in Pêra-Rio orange juice.

PubMed

Mesquita, E; Monteiro, M

2018-04-01

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an HPLC-DAD method to evaluate the phenolic compounds profile of organic and conventional Pêra-Rio orange juice. The proposed method was validated for 10 flavonoids and 6 phenolic acids. A wide linear range (0.01-223.4μg·g -1 ), good accuracy (79.5-129.2%) and precision (CV≤3.8%), low limits of detection (1-22ng·g -1 ) and quantification (0.7-7.4μg), and overall ruggedness were attained. Good recovery was achieved for all phenolic compounds after extraction and cleanup. The method was applied to organic and conventional Pêra-Rio orange juices from beginning, middle and end of the 2016 harvest. Flavones rutin, nobiletin and tangeretin, and flavanones hesperidin, narirutin and eriocitrin were identified and quantified in all organic and conventional juices. Identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Nineteen non-identified phenolic compounds were quantified based on DAD spectra characteristic of the chemical class: 7 cinnamic acid derivatives, 6 flavanones and 6 flavones. The phenolic compounds profile of Pêra-Rio orange juices changed during the harvest; levels increased in organic orange juices, and decreased or were about the same in conventional orange juices. Phenolic compounds levels were higher in organic (0.5-1143.7mg·100g -1 ) than in conventional orange juices (0.5-689.7mg·100g -1 ). PCA differentiated organic from conventional FS and NFC juices, and conventional FCOJ from conventional FS and NFC juices, thus differentiating cultivation and processing. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Toxicity and kinetic parameters of the aerobic biodegradation of the phenol and alkylphenols by a mixed culture.

PubMed

Acuña-Argüelles, M E; Olguin-Lora, P; Razo-Flores, E

2003-04-01

A mixed culture aerobically metabolized phenol, cresol isomers (o-,m-,p-), 2-ethylphenol and xylenol isomers (2,5-DMP and 3,4-DMP) as the sole carbon and energy source. This culture had a high tolerance towards phenol with values of maximum degradation rate (Vmax) of 47 microM phenol mg-1 protein h-1 and inhibition substrate constant (Ki) of 10 mM. These kinetic parameters were considerably diminished and the toxicity increased with the alkylphenols. For example with 2,5-xylenol, Vmax and Ki values of 0.8 microM 2,5-xylenol mg-1 protein h-1 and 1.3 mM, respectively, were obtained. The cresols were 5-fold more toxic than phenol, whereas 2-ethylphenol and 3,4-xylenol were 11-fold more toxic, and 2,5-xylenol was 34-fold more toxic than phenol.

Ferromagnetic resonance study of the non-stoichiometric double perovskite Sr2Fe1+xMo1-xO6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medina, J. De La Torre; Piraux, L.; Soto, T. E.; Morales, R.; Navarro, O.

2018-02-01

In this work we report a ferromagnetic resonance study on the magnetic properties of double perovskite compounds fab-ricated by solid state reaction. Based on a mean field approach, along with morphological considerations, we accurately determined the saturation magnetization of the non-stoichiometric double perovskite Sr2Fe1+xMo1-xO6. Our approach has revealed a direct in-fluence of composition on the overall magnetic behavior of these materials, providing complementary experimental evidence that corroborates previous theoretical findings. The understanding of the influence of composition is of paramount importance for the design of ferromagnetic oxides with tunable magnetic and magneto-transport behavior.

Characterization of paprika (Capsicum annuum) extract in orange juices by liquid chromatography of carotenoid profiles.

PubMed

Mouly, P P; Gaydou, E M; Corsetti, J

1999-03-01

The carotenoid pigment profiles of authentic pure orange juices from Spain and Florida and an industrial paprika (Capsicum annuum) extract used for food coloring were obtained using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a C18 packed column and an acetone/methanol/water eluent system. The procedure involving the carotenoid extraction is described. Both retention times and spectral properties using photodiode array detection for characterization of the major carotenoids at 430 and 519 nm are given. The influence of external addition of tangerine juice and/or paprika extract on orange juice color is described using the U.S. Department of Agriculture scale and adulterated orange juice. The procedure for quantitation of externally added paprika extract to orange juice is investigated, and the limit of quantitation, coefficient of variation, and recoveries are determined.

Isolation and biological activities of decanal, linalool, valencene, and octanal from sweet orange oil.

PubMed

Liu, Kehai; Chen, Qiulin; Liu, Yanjun; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Wang, Xichang

2012-11-01

Product 1 (82.25% valencene), product 2 (73.36% decanal), product 3 (78.12% octanal), and product 4 (90.61% linalool) were isolated from sweet orange oil by combined usage of molecular distillation and column chromatography. The antioxidant activity of sweet orange oil and these products was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays. In this test, product 1 (82.25% valencene), product 2 (73.36% decanal), and product 4 (90.61% linalool) had antioxidant activity, but lower than sweet orange oil. The antimicrobial activity was investigated in order to evaluate their efficacy against 5 microorganisms. The results showed that sweet orange oil, product 2 (73.36% decanal), product 3 (78.12% octanal), and product 4 (90.61% linalool) had inhibitory and bactericidal effect on the test microorganisms (except Penicillium citrinum). Valencene did not show any inhibitory effect. Saccharomyces cerivisiae was more susceptible, especially to the crude sweet orange oil (minimal inhibitory concentration 6.25 μL/mL). The cytotoxicity was evaluated on Hela cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. All test samples showed significant cytotoxicity on the cell lines with IC(50) values much less than 20 μg/mL. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

Agrometeorological models for forecasting the qualitative attributes of "Valência" oranges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moreto, Victor Brunini; Rolim, Glauco de Souza; Zacarin, Bruno Gustavo; Vanin, Ana Paula; de Souza, Leone Maia; Latado, Rodrigo Rocha

2017-11-01

Forecasting is the act of predicting unknown future events using available data. Estimating, in contrast, uses data to simulate an actual condition. Brazil is the world's largest producer of oranges, and the state of São Paulo is the largest producer in Brazil. The "Valência" orange is among the most common cultivars in the state. We analyzed the influence of monthly meteorological variables during the growth cycle of Valência oranges grafted onto "Rangpur" lime rootstocks (VACR) for São Paulo, and developed monthly agrometeorological models for forecasting the qualitative attributes of VACR in mature orchard. For fruits per box for all months, the best accuracy was of 0.84 % and the minimum forecast range of 4 months. For the relation between °brix and juice acidity (RATIO) the best accuracy was of 0.69 % and the minimum forecast range of 5 months. Minimum, mean and maximum air temperatures, and relative evapotranspiration were the most important variables in the models.

Composition effect in luminescence properties of Y(NbxTa1-x)O4 mixed crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spassky, D.; Vasil'ev, A.; Vielhauer, S.; Sidletskiy, O.; Voloshyna, O.; Belsky, A.

2018-06-01

The luminescence properties of Y(NbxTa1-x)O4 mixed crystals were studied. Local structure modifications arise due to the inhomogeneous distribution of the substitutional ions in the mixed crystal and can be traced using the luminescence spectroscopy. In particular, it is shown that the intensity of exciton emission under interband VUV excitation increases for intermediate values of x with the maximum at x = 0.4 relatively to the intensity observed in the constituents of the mixed crystals - YTaO4 and YNbO4. From the luminescence excitation spectra it follows that the probability of exciton creation from the separated e-h pairs increases for intermediate values of x as well. Using numerical simulation it is shown that the effect is connected with the variation of the thermalization length of hot electrons and holes, which is minimal at x = 0.4.

Application of ultraviolet-C light on oranges for the inactivation of postharvest wound pathogens

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Germicidal effects of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light on the postharvest wound pathogens of citrus fruits namely Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum were investigated. P. digitatum and P. italicum spores were inoculated (4.00 – 4.50 log cfu/ orange) onto Washington navel oranges (Citrus sinens...

Olfactory response of Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava and sweet orange volatiles.

PubMed

Diaz-Santiz, Edvin; Rojas, Julio C; Cruz-López, Leopoldo; Hernández, Emilio; Malo, Edi A

2016-10-01

The behavioral responses of virgin and mated female Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava (Psidium guajava L.) or sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) were evaluated separately using multilure traps in two-choice tests in field cages. The results showed that flies were more attracted to guava and sweet orange volatiles than to control (unbaited trap). The physiological state (virgin or mated) of females did not affect their attraction to the fruit volatiles. Combined analysis of gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD) of volatile extracts of both fruits showed that 1 and 6 compounds from orange and guava, respectively elicited repeatable antennal responses from mated females. The EAD active compounds in guava volatile extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as ethyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenol, hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. Linalool was identified as the only antennal active compound in sweet orange extracts. In field cage tests, there were no significant differences between the number of mated flies captured by the traps baited with guava extracts and the number caught by traps baited with the 6-component blend that was formulated according to the relative proportions in the guava extracts. Similar results occurred when synthetic linalool was evaluated against orange extracts. From a practical point of view, the compounds identified in this study could be used for monitoring A. striata populations. © 2015 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Monodisperse NixFe3-xO4 nanospheres: Metal-ion-steered size/composition control mechanism, static magnetic and enhanced microwave absorbing properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Kedan; Liu, Yun; Pan, Yefei; Wang, Ru; Hu, Panbing; He, Rujia; Zhang, Lingli; Tong, Guoxiu

2017-05-01

An easy metal-ion-steered solvothermal method was developed for the one-step synthesis of monodisperse, uniform NixFe3-xO4 polycrystalline nanospheres with tunable sphere diameter (40-400 nm) and composition (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.245) via changing just Ni2+/Fe3+ molar ratio (γ). With g increased from 0:1 to 2:1, sphere diameter gradually decreased and crystal size exhibited an inversed U-shaped change tendency, followed by increased Ni/Fe atom ratio from 0% to 0.0888%. An in situ-reduction, coordination-precipitation transformation mechanism was proposed to interpret the metal-ion-steered growth. Size- and composition-dependent static magnetic and microwave absorbing properties were systematically investigated. Saturation magnetization declines with g in a Boltzmann model due to the changes of crystal size, sphere diameter, and Ni content. The coercivity reaches a maximum at γ = 0.75:1 because of the critical size of Fe3O4 single domain (25 nm). Studies on microwave absorption reveal that 150-400 nm Fe3O4 nanospheres mainly obey the quarter-wavelength cancellation model with the single-band absorption; 40-135 nm NixFe3-xO4 nanospheres (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.245) obey the one and three quarter-wavelength cancellation model with the multi-band absorption. 150 nm Fe3O4 nanospheres exhibit the optimal EM wave-absorbing property with an absorbing band of 8.94 GHz and the maximum RL of -50.11 dB.

76 FR 35886 - Orange Cove Irrigation District, and Friant Power Authority; Notice of Availability of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 11068-014--California] Orange Cove Irrigation District, and Friant Power Authority; Notice of Availability of Environmental... has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA) regarding Orange Cove Irrigation District's and Friant...

Fresh and Commercially Pasteurized Orange Juice: An Analysis of the Metabolism of Flavonoid Compounds

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange juice is a rich source of flavonoids, mainly the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin, associated with health benefits in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the uptake of flavonoids in humans after the consumption of two types of orange juice, fresh squeezed (fresh juice, FJ) a...

The effect of PO 4 doping on the luminescent properties of Sr 3-3zEu 2zV 2-xP xO 8

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, S.; Ma, Y. Q.; Yang, K.; Zhu, W. L.; Yin, W. J.; Zheng, G. H.; Wu, M. Z.; Sun, Z. Q.

2010-07-01

The luminescent properties of Sr 3V 2-xP xO 8 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2), Eu 3+ doped Sr 2.7Eu 0.2V 2-yP yO 8 (0 ⩽ y ⩽ 2) and Sr 3-3zEu 2zV 0.8P 1.2O 8 (0 < z ⩽ 0.3) have been investigated. For the Sr 3V 2-xP xO 8 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2) samples, the VO43- activation and emission intensity reaches the strongest as x = 1.6. For the Sr 2.7Eu 0.2V 2-yP yO 8 (0 ⩽ y ⩽ 2) samples, an appropriate amount of phosphorus doping enhances the Eu 3+ emission with the strongest emission occurring at y = 1.2. For the Sr 3-3zEu 2zV 0.8P 1.2O 8 (0 < z ⩽ 0.3) sample with the phosphorus content fixed at 1.2, it exhibits the most intense emission as Eu 3+ concentration reaches at z = 0.2. Our results indicate that the introduction of the PO43- plays an important role in the photoluminescence properties of the studied samples and the relevant mechanism has been discussed.

Influence of the K+ ions and the superstoichiometric manganese on structure defects, magneto-transport and dielectric properties of magnetoresistive La0.7Ca0.3-xKxMn1+xO3-δ ceramic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liedienov, N. A.; Pashchenko, A. V.; Pashchenko, V. P.; Prokopenko, V. K.; Tatarchuk, D. D.; Revenko, Yu. F.; Turchenko, V. A.; Burchovetskii, V. V.; Sycheva, V. Ya.; Sil'cheva, A. G.; Didenko, Yu. V.; Levchenko, G. G.

2017-09-01

The structure, its defects, nanostructural clustering and functional properties of the La0.7Ca0.3-xKxMn1+xO3-δ ceramic with x = 0-0.3 have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, SEM, resistance, magnetic, magnetoresistance and dielectric spectroscopy methods. We establish that the lattice parameter of the cubic structure increases when the Ca2+ ions are substituted with ions of K+. We show that the real perovskite structure contains different valence states of manganese MnA2 +,MnB3 + and MnB4 + in A- and B-positions, as well as vacancy type point defects, in the form of anionic V(a) and cationic V(c) vacancies. The increase in the content of the superstoichiometric manganese is connected to the nanostructured clustering process. We find that K+ and superstoichiometric manganese cause the increase in relative permittivity ɛ' and dielectric loss tangent angle tg δ. The experimental phase diagram of the magnetic state has been constructed and allows determining the composition of the magnetoresistant La0.7Ca0.3-xKxMn1+xO3-δ ceramics with set magnetotransport properties. The optimal La0.7Ca0.3-xKxMn1+xO3-δ composition showing the highest magnetoresistance effect at room temperature has been determined by comparing the functional properties of lanthanum-calcium, lanthanum-strontium and lanthanum-calcium-potassium manganites.

Preparation and luminescence properties of orange-red Ba3Y(PO4)3:Sm3+ phosphors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Qiguang; Xu, Denghui; Sun, Jiayue

2015-04-01

Ba3Y(PO4)3:Sm3+ phosphors were prepared by a high temperature solid-state reaction in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectra and temperature-dependent emission spectra were utilized to characterize the structure and luminescence properties of the as-prepared phosphor. The results show that the phosphor can be efficiently excited by ultraviolet light and emit a satisfactory orange-red performance, nicely, fitting in well with the widely used UV LED chip. Under 403 nm excitation, the 4G5/2 → 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2) emissions of Sm3+ are obviously observed. The optimum doping concentration is 5 mol% and corresponding quenching behavior is ascribed to be electric dipole-dipole interaction according to Dexter's theory. The temperature dependent luminescence of Ba3Y(PO4)3:Sm3+ phosphor is also discussed, and the activation energy for thermal quenching is calculated as 0.34 eV. Furthermore, the chromaticity coordinates of Ba3Y(PO4)3:Sm3+ phosphor are calculated to be (0.5558, 0.4380) and the lifetime values of Ba3Y0.995(PO4)3:0.005Sm3+ was 2.45 ms.

Health benefits of orange juice and citrus flavonoids

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The main flavonoids found in orange juice are hesperidin and naringenin, which can affect several metabolic routes that improve blood serum antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory performance, while decreasing insulin resistance protecting against diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In addition, or...

Extraction of essential oil from baby Java orange (Citrus sinensis) solid waste using water and steam distillation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dewi, I. A.; Prastyo, A. M.; Wijana, S.

2018-03-01

Baby java orange (Citrus sinensis) is commonly consumed as juice. Processing of baby java orange leaves organic waste which consist of the mesocarp, exocarp, seed, and wall of the orange. Therefore, it is necessary to process baby java orange waste to be valuable products. The purpose of this study was to provide added value to unutilized baby java orange waste, and to find out the pretreatment of time-delay process that maximize the yield of essential oil produced. Essential oil processing can be done by water and steam distillation. The study used randomized block design with one factor namely distillation time-delay process by air drying consisted of 4 levels i.e. the distillation delay for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The best treatment was determined based on the yield. The best essential oil from baby java orange waste was obtained from the treatment of distillation delay-process of 8 days. This pretreatment generated yield value of 0.63% with moisture content of 24.21%. By estimating the price of essential oil showed that this effort not only reduced the bulky organic waste but also provided potential economical value.

OPAC (orange peel activated carbon) derived from waste orange peel for the adsorption of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides from water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modelling and thermodynamic studies.

PubMed

Pandiarajan, Aarthi; Kamaraj, Ramakrishnan; Vasudevan, Sudharshan; Vasudevan, Subramanyan

2018-08-01

This study presents the orange peel activated carbon (OPAC), derived from biowaste precursor (orange peel) by single step pyrolysis method and its application for the adsorption of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides from the water. The OPAC exhibited the surface area of 592.471 m 2  g -1 , pore volume and pore diameter of 0.242 cc g -1 and 1.301 nm respectively. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium modelling for all chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides were investigated. The various parametric effects such as pH and temperature were evaluated. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model was well fitted for all the herbicides. The Langmuir isotherm was obeyed for all the herbicides and the maximum Langmuir capacity of 574.71 mg g -1 was achieved. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption increases with increase in temperature. The results shows that the orange peel derived carbon (OPAC) as effective and efficient adsorbent material for the removal of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides from the water. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous classification of Oranges and Apples Using Grover's and Ventura' Algorithms in a Two-qubits System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Manu Pratap; Radhey, Kishori; Kumar, Sandeep

2017-08-01

In the present paper, simultaneous classification of Orange and Apple has been carried out using both Grover's iterative algorithm (Grover 1996) and Ventura's model (Ventura and Martinez, Inf. Sci. 124, 273-296, 2000) taking different superposition of two- pattern start state containing Orange and Apple both, one- pattern start state containing Apple as search state and another one- pattern start state containing Orange as search state. It has been shown that the exclusion superposition is the most suitable two- pattern search state for simultaneous classification of pattern associated with Apples and Oranges and the superposition of phase-invariance are the best choice as the respective search state based on one -pattern start-states in both Grover's and Ventura's methods of classifications of patterns.

Complex layering of the Orange Mountain Basalt: New Jersey, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puffer, John H.; Block, Karin A.; Steiner, Jeffrey C.; Laskowich, Chris

2018-06-01

The Orange Mountain Basalt of New Jersey is a Mesozoic formation consisting of three units: a single lower inflated sheet lobe about 70 m thick (OMB1), a middle pillow basalt about 10 to 20 m thick (OMB2), and an upper compound pahoehoe flow about 20 to 40 m thick (OMB3). The Orange Mountain Basalt is part of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Quarry and road-cut exposures of OMB1 near Paterson, New Jersey, display some unusual layering that is the focus of this study. OMB1 exposures displays the typical upper crust, core, and basal crust layers of sheet lobes but throughout the Patterson area also display distinct light gray layers of microvesicular basalt mineralized with albite directly over the basal crust and under the upper crust. The lower microvesicular layer is associated with mega-vesicular diapirs. We propose that the upper and lower microvesicular layers were composed of viscous crust that was suddenly quenched before it could devolatilize immediately before the solidification of the core. During initial cooling, the bottom of the basal layer was mineralized with high concentrations of calcite and albite during a high-temperature hydrothermal event. Subsequent albitization, as well as zeolite, prehnite, and calcite precipitation events, occurred during burial and circulation of basin brine heated by recurring Palisades magmatism below the Orange Mountain Basalt. Some of the events experienced by the Orange Mountain Basalt are unusual and place constraints on the fluid dynamics of thick flood basalt flows in general. The late penetration of vesicular diapirs through the entire thickness of the flow interior constrains its viscosity and solidification history.

Improved photocatalytic degradation of Orange G using hybrid nanofibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ledwaba, Mpho; Masilela, Nkosiphile; Nyokong, Tebello; Antunes, Edith

2017-05-01

Functionalised electrospun polyamide-6 (PA-6) nanofibres incorporating gadolinium oxide nanoparticles conjugated to zinc tetracarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (ZnTCPPc) as the sensitizer were prepared for the photocatalytic degradation of Orange G. Fibres incorporating the phthalocyanine alone or a mixture of the nanoparticles and phthalocyanine were also generated. The singlet oxygen-generating ability of the sensitizer was shown to be maintained within the fibre mat, with the singlet oxygen quantum yields increasing upon incorporation of the magnetic nanoparticles. Consequently, the rate of the photodegradation of Orange G was observed to increase with an increase in singlet oxygen quantum yield. A reduction in the half-lives for the functionalised nanofibres was recorded in the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles, indicating an improvement in the efficiency of the degradation process.

Skylab beverage container filled with orange juice held by Astronaut Conrad

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

An accordian-style beverage dispenser filled with orange juice is held by Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., Skylab 2 commander, in this close-up view which is a reproduction taken from a color television transmission made by a TV camera aboard the Skylab 1 and 2 space station cluster in Earth orbit. Conrad (head and face not in view) is seated at the wardroom table in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop. The dispenser contained beverage crystals, and Conrad has just added the prescribed amount of water to make the orange drink.

FBX aqueous chemical dosimeter for measurement of virtual wedge profiles.

PubMed

Semwal, Manoj K; Bansal, Anil K; Thakur, Pradeep K; Vidyasagar, Pandit B

2008-10-24

We investigated the ferrous sulfate-benzoic acid-xylenol orange (FBX) aqueous chemical dosimeter for measurement of virtual (dynamic) wedge profiles on a linear accelerator. The layout for irradiation of the FBX-filled tubes mimicked a conventional linear detector array geometry. A comparison of the resulting measurements with film-measured profiles showed that, in the main beam region, the difference between the FBX system and the film system was within +/-2% and that, in the penumbra region, the difference varied from +/-1 mm to +/-2.5 mm in terms of positional equivalence, depending on the size of the dosimeter tubes. We thus believe that the energy-independent FBX dosimetry system can measure virtual wedge profiles with reasonable accuracy at reasonable cost. However, efficiency improvement is required before this dosimetry system can be accepted into routine practice.

Safety, Efficacy, and Mechanistic Studies Regarding Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and p‐Synephrine

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange) extracts that contain p‐synephrine as the primary protoalkaloid are widely used for weight loss/weight management, sports performance, appetite control, energy, and mental focus and cognition. Questions have been raised about the safety of p‐synephrine because it has some structural similarity to ephedrine. This review focuses on current human, animal, in vitro, and mechanistic studies that address the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action of bitter orange extracts and p‐synephrine. Numerous studies have been conducted with respect to p‐synephrine and bitter orange extract because ephedra and ephedrine were banned from use in dietary supplements in 2004. Approximately 30 human studies indicate that p‐synephrine and bitter orange extracts do not result in cardiovascular effects and do not act as stimulants at commonly used doses. Mechanistic studies suggest that p‐synephrine exerts its effects through multiple actions, which are discussed. Because p‐synephrine exhibits greater adrenergic receptor binding in rodents than humans, data from animals cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. This review, as well as several other assessments published in recent years, has concluded that bitter orange extract and p‐synephrine are safe for use in dietary supplements and foods at the commonly used doses. Copyright © 2017 The Authors Phytotherapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. PMID:28752649

Molecular cloning, characterization and functional analysis of QRFP in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

PubMed

Shu, Hu; Chen, Huapu; Liu, Yun; Yang, Lidong; Yang, Yuqing; Zhang, Haifa

2014-10-01

The peptide QRFP plays an important role in the regulation of vertebrate feeding behavior. In this study, we cloned the full length cDNA of a QRFP precursor in a teleost fish, the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Sequence analysis has shown that the functional regions of QRFP in other vertebrates (QRFP-25 and QRFP-7) are conserved in orange-spotted grouper. RT-PCR demonstrated that the pre-processed mRNA of QRFP is widely expressed in orange-spotted grouper. Three days of food deprivation did not change the hypothalamic pre-processed QRFP expression. However, QRFP expression significantly increased when the fish were reefed after three days of fasting. Intraperitoneal injection of QRFP-25 peptide to orange-spotted grouper suppressed expression of orexin, but elevated expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. We also investigated the effects of QRFP-25 on the expression of reproductive genes. The peptide suppressed the expression of seabream-type gonadotropin-releasing hormones (sbGnRH), luteinizing hormone beta subunit (LHβ) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHβ) in vivo, as well as inhibited the expression of LHβ and FSHβ in pituitary cells in primary culture. Our results indicate that QRFP may play an inhibitory role in the regulation of feeding behavior and reproduction in orange-spotted grouper. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Excited state characteristics of acridine dyes: acriflavine and acridine orange.

PubMed

Sharma, Vijay K; Sahare, P D; Rastogi, Ramesh C; Ghoshal, S K; Mohan, D

2003-06-01

The magnitude of the Stokes shift (frequency shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra) is observed on changing the solvents and further has been used to calculate experimentally the dipole moments (ground state and excited state) of acriflavine and acridine orange dye molecules. Theoretically, dipole moments are calculated using PM 3 Model. The dipole moments of excited states, for both molecules investigated here, are higher than the corresponding values in the ground states. The increase in the dipole moment has been explained in terms of the nature of the excited state. Acriflavine dye overcomes the non-lasing behaviour of acridine orange due to quaternization of the central nitrogen atom.

Use of Banana (Musa acuminata Colla AAA) Peel Extract as an Antioxidant Source in Orange Juices.

PubMed

Ortiz, Lucía; Dorta, Eva; Gloria Lobo, M; González-Mendoza, L Antonio; Díaz, Carlos; González, Mónica

2017-03-01

Using banana peel extract as an antioxidant in freshly squeezed orange juices and juices from concentrate was evaluated. Free radical scavenging capacity increased by adding banana peel extracts to both types of orange juice. In addition, remarkable increases in antioxidant capacity using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical were observed when equal or greater than 5 mg of banana peel extract per ml of freshly squeezed juice was added. No clear effects were observed in the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Adding 5 mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice did not substantially modify the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of either type of juice. However, undesirable changes in the sensory characteristics (in-mouth sensations and colour) were detected when equal or greater than 10 mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice was added. These results confirm that banana peel is a promising natural additive that increases the capacity to scavenge free radicals of orange juice with acceptable sensory and physicochemical characteristics for the consumer.

Growth of ternary CdxZn1-xO thin films in oxygen ambient using pulsed laser deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Sugandha; Saini, Basant; Kaur, Ravinder; Gupta, Vinay; Tomar, Monika; Kapoor, Avinashi

2018-05-01

This study reports the growth of cadmium alloyed zinc (CdxZn1-xO) oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition. The films are deposited on Corning glass substrates at different oxygen pressures of 5, 20, and 40 mTorr. High resolution X-ray diffraction studies reveal mixed phase (hexagonal and cubic) for films deposited at 20 and 40 mTorr, while a cubic phase for film deposited at 5 mTorr pressure. Optical transmittance studies indicate red-shifting of transmission edge as oxygen pressure decreases to 5 mTorr from 20 mTorr, hinting at a possible increase in cadmium content in thin films. Minimum band gap energy is obtained at growth pressure of 5 mTorr. Resistivity measurements have been performed using Hall effect measurement set up at 298 K.

Raman effect in multiferroic Bi5Fe1+xTi3-xO15 solid solutions: A temperature study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez Aranda, Ma. Del Carmen; Rodríguez-Vázquez, Ángel G.; Salazar-Kuri, Ulises; Mendoza, María Eugenia; Navarro-Contreras, Hugo R.

2018-02-01

In this work, a Raman study of powder samples of multiferroic Bi5Fe1+xTi3-xO15 solid solutions and Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 as a function of temperature from 27 °C (room temperature) to 850 °C is presented. The values of x (i.e., the Fe composition) for the solid solutions were 1.0, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4. The temperature coefficients of eight phonon frequencies were determined for all the samples. The large observed phonon broadenings with increasing temperature precluded the observation of several of the phonon bands above defined temperatures in the range of 200-700 °C depending on the sample. These phonon broadenings were explained on the basis of the Klemens model, which considers that the broadenings are due to the thermal expansion of the lattice with a major contribution in terms of magnitude from anharmonic phonon-phonon interactions. However, some evidence for the presence of several of the phonons persisted up to 800-850 °C. These solid solutions are expected to exhibit a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition at 742 to 750 °C and a ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition at 426 °C. We also observed changes in the slopes of the temperature dependence of the phonon frequencies for the lines at 228 cm-1 for Bi5FeTi3O15 and 330 cm-1 for Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 at temperatures of 247 °C and 347 °C, respectively. No similar temperature-frequency slope changes indicative of possible phase transitions were observed for any of the phonon lines of the other three Bi5Fe1+xTi3-xO15 solid solutions examined.

In vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C from differently processed oranges and orange juices [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck].

PubMed

Aschoff, Julian K; Kaufmann, Sabrina; Kalkan, Onur; Neidhart, Sybille; Carle, Reinhold; Schweiggert, Ralf M

2015-01-21

Carotenoid, flavonoid, and vitamin C concentrations were determined in fresh orange segments and a puree-like homogenate derived thereof, as well as freshly squeezed, flash-pasteurized, and pasteurized juices. Lutein and β-cryptoxanthin were slightly degraded during dejuicing, whereas β-carotene levels were retained. Vitamin C levels remained unaffected, whereas flavonoid levels decreased 8-fold upon juice extraction, most likely due to the removal of flavonoid-rich albedo and juice vesicles. Likewise, the presence of such fibrous matrix compounds during in vitro digestion was assumed to significantly lower the total bioaccessibility (BA) of all carotenoids from fresh fruit segments (12%) as compared to juices (29-30%). Mechanical disruption of orange segments prior to digestion did not alter carotenoid BA, whereas pasteurization of the freshly squeezed juice slightly increased BA by 9-11%. In addition to carotenoid BA, the stabilities of hesperidin, narirutin, and vitamin C including dehydroascorbic acid during in vitro digestion were monitored, and applied analytical methods were briefly validated.

Effective Population Size Dynamics and the Demographic Collapse of Bornean Orang-Utans

PubMed Central

Goossens, Benoit; Nater, Alexander; Morf, Nadja; Salmona, Jordi; Bruford, Michael W.; Van Schaik, Carel P.; Krützen, Michael; Chikhi, Lounès

2012-01-01

Bornean orang-utans experienced a major demographic decline and local extirpations during the Pleistocene and Holocene due to climate change, the arrival of modern humans, of farmers and recent commercially-driven habitat loss and fragmentation. The recent loss of habitat and its dramatic fragmentation has affected the patterns of genetic variability and differentiation among the remaining populations and increased the extinction risk of the most isolated ones. However, the contribution of recent demographic events to such genetic patterns is still not fully clear. Indeed, it can be difficult to separate the effects of recent anthropogenic fragmentation from the genetic signature of prehistoric demographic events. Here, we investigated the genetic structure and population size dynamics of orang-utans from different sites. Altogether 126 individuals were analyzed and a full-likelihood Bayesian approach was applied. All sites exhibited clear signals of population decline. Population structure is known to generate spurious bottleneck signals and we found that it does indeed contribute to the signals observed. However, population structure alone does not easily explain the observed patterns. The dating of the population decline varied across sites but was always within the 200–2000 years period. This suggests that in some sites at least, orang-utan populations were affected by demographic events that started before the recent anthropogenic effects that occurred in Borneo. These results do not mean that the recent forest exploitation did not leave its genetic mark on orang-utans but suggests that the genetic pool of orang-utans is also impacted by more ancient events. While we cannot identify the main cause for this decline, our results suggests that the decline may be related to the arrival of the first farmers or climatic events, and that more theoretical work is needed to understand how multiple demographic events impact the genome of species and how we can assess

Acridine orange as a biosensitive photovoltaic material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharifi, Faranak; Bauld, Reg; Fanchini, Giovanni

2013-10-01

Acridine orange (AO), a biosensitive molecule that is customarily used for labeling nucleic acids including DNA and RNA, is here investigated as a cost effective, water soluble, and photoactive material for the fabrication of potentially biosensitive organic photovoltaics. The electronic energy levels of AO are determined using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The effect of anticrystallization agents, as well as low-temperature annealing, on the work function of AO is investigated: amorphous AO films are shown to possess a significantly higher work function than microcrystalline AO films and the work function also increases by annealing. Photo-induced processes in AO films are investigated by considering the changes of the KPFM signal under illumination. We demonstrate that acridine orange is able to photogenerate electron-hole pairs at rates comparable to the most commonly used solar-grade photovoltaic materials, including polythiophenes. In addition, the effect of the morphology of different types of AO thin films spun from different solvents is studied in bilayer photovoltaic devices fabricated from stacks of AO and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester thin films.

HPLC-DAD Phenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Ripe and Unripe Sweet Orange Peels

PubMed Central

Omoba, Olufunmilayo Sade; Obafaye, Rebeccah Olajumoke; Salawu, Sule Ola; Boligon, Aline Augusti; Athayde, Margareth Linde

2015-01-01

Phenolic compounds of unripe and ripe sweet orange peels were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography separation method with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The in vitro antioxidant properties and the EC50 (concentration required to obtain a 50% antioxidant effect) values were also determined. The predominant phenolic compounds were quercitrin, rutin, and quercetin with values of 18.77 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 18.65 ± 0.03 mg/mL, and 10.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL respectively in unripe orange peel and 22.61 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 17.93 ± 0.03 mg/mL, and 14.03 ± 0.02 mg/mL respectively in ripe orange peel. The antioxidant properties revealed 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging ability of both unripe and ripe orange peels respectively as 14.68 ± 0.01 and 16.89 ± 0.02 mmol TEAC/g, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Properties (FRAP) as 70.69 ± 0.01 and 91.38 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/100g, total phenol content as 5.27 ± 0.03 and 9.40 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and total flavonoid content as 3.30 ± 0.30 and 4.20 ± 0.02 mg quercetin equivalent/g. The antioxidant assays showed enhanced potency of extract from ripe orange peel with EC50 values of 2.71 ± 0.03 mg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 0.67 ± 0.03 mg/mL for hydroxyl radicals (OH*), 0.57 ± 0.02 mg/mL for Fe2+ chelation, and 0.63 ± 0.06 mg/mL for malondialdehyde (MDA), and was more potent than unripe orange peel. PMID:26783839

Consumer acceptance of orange juice mixed with water mint leave extract.

PubMed

Ali, Marwa Rashad

2017-10-31

Orange-Mint leaves juice was formulated using different addition percentages of mint leaves extract. The juice was aseptically processed, packed in glass bottles under sterilized environment and sterilized at 70°C for 15 minutes then storage at 5°C for 3 months. The physicochemical, nutritional value, microbiological and sensory characteristics of the juice was evaluated. There is no difference in pH, total soluble solids, ash, and total acidity in all samples moreover, the sample A2, "orange juice with 15% of mint leaves extract" recorded the best values of sensory evaluation, on the other hand, it was recorded lower values of vitamin C and total phenolic compound than sample (C) or (C1) because of increasing in addition% of mint leaves extract to orange juice. The sensory properties of juice samples were not remarkable any changes during storage. The result indicated that the juice was acceptable up to 3 months of storage 5°C. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Regular consumption of fresh orange juice increases human skin carotenoid content.

PubMed

Massenti, Roberto; Perrone, Anna; Livrea, Maria Antonietta; Lo Bianco, Riccardo

2015-01-01

Dermal carotenoids are a good indicator of antioxidant status in the body. This study aimed to determine whether regular consumption of orange juice could increase dermal carotenoids. Two types of orange juice, obtained from regularly (CI) and partially (PRD) irrigated trees, were tested to reveal any possible association between juice and dermal carotenoids. Soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total carotenoids were quantified in the juice; skin carotenoid score (SCS) was assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Carotenoid content was 7.3% higher in PRD than in CI juice, inducing no difference in SCS. In a first trial with daily juice intakes for 25 days, SCS increased linearly (10%) in the individual with higher initial SCS, and exponentially (15%) in the individual with lower initial SCS. In a second trial, SCS showed a 6.5% increase after 18 days of drinking juice every other day, but returned to initial values three days after last intake. Skin carotenoids can be increased by regular consumption of fresh orange juice, while their persistence may depend on the accumulation level, environmental conditions or living habits.

Orange juice as dietary source of antioxidants for patients with hepatitis C under antiviral therapy.

PubMed

Gonçalves, Danielle; Lima, Claudia; Ferreira, Paula; Costa, Paulo; Costa, Angela; Figueiredo, Walter; Cesar, Thais

2017-01-01

Background: HCV causes alterations in liver metabolism, resulting in biochemical and nutritional disorders. Supplementation with antioxidants has been suggested to minimize the diseases effects. Objective: This study assessed whether orange juice, a source of citrus flavonoids and vitamin C, may contribute to the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Design: Anthropometric, hemodynamic, dietary, and biochemical parameters, CRP and liver enzymes were measured in 43 adult patients of both genders who were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C and were under antiviral therapy. Twenty-three patients were supplemented with orange juice for eight consecutive weeks, while 20 were enrolled as control group. Results: Following regular use of orange juice, no alterations were found in body mass, fat, and waist circumference. The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CRP and parameters of oxidative stress decreased in the orange juice group. Furthermore, the levels of the liver enzyme AST decreased in those who had high levels before the intervention. Conclusion: The orange juice was a convenient food in the diet of patients due to the increase in antioxidant capacity and decreased inflammation and cholesterol in blood serum, in addition to maintaining body mass, which protect against the harmful effects caused by the chronic hepatitis C virus.​​​.

Orange juice as dietary source of antioxidants for patients with hepatitis C under antiviral therapy

PubMed Central

Gonçalves, Danielle; Lima, Claudia; Ferreira, Paula; Costa, Paulo; Costa, Angela; Figueiredo, Walter; Cesar, Thais

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: HCV causes alterations in liver metabolism, resulting in biochemical and nutritional disorders. Supplementation with antioxidants has been suggested to minimize the diseases effects. Objective: This study assessed whether orange juice, a source of citrus flavonoids and vitamin C, may contribute to the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Design: Anthropometric, hemodynamic, dietary, and biochemical parameters, CRP and liver enzymes were measured in 43 adult patients of both genders who were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C and were under antiviral therapy. Twenty-three patients were supplemented with orange juice for eight consecutive weeks, while 20 were enrolled as control group. Results: Following regular use of orange juice, no alterations were found in body mass, fat, and waist circumference. The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CRP and parameters of oxidative stress decreased in the orange juice group. Furthermore, the levels of the liver enzyme AST decreased in those who had high levels before the intervention. Conclusion: The orange juice was a convenient food in the diet of patients due to the increase in antioxidant capacity and decreased inflammation and cholesterol in blood serum, in addition to maintaining body mass, which protect against the harmful effects caused by the chronic hepatitis C virus.​​​ PMID:28469541

Succinic acid production from orange peel and wheat straw by batch fermentations of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85.

PubMed

Li, Qiang; Siles, Jose A; Thompson, Ian P

2010-10-01

Succinic acid is a platform molecule that has recently generated considerable interests. Production of succinate from waste orange peel and wheat straw by consolidated bioprocessing that combines cellulose hydrolysis and sugar fermentation, using a cellulolytic bacterium, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, was studied. Orange peel contains D-limonene, which is a well-known antibacterial agent. Its effects on batch cultures of F. succinogenes S85 were examined. The minimal concentrations of limonene found to inhibit succinate and acetate generation and bacterial growth were 0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.06% (v/v), respectively. Both pre-treated orange peel by steam distillation to remove D: -limonene and intact wheat straw were used as feedstocks. Increasing the substrate concentrations of both feedstocks, from 5 to 60 g/L, elevated succinate concentration and productivity but lowered the yield. In addition, pre-treated orange peel generated greater succinate productivities than wheat straw but had similar resultant titres. The greatest succinate titres were 1.9 and 2.0 g/L for pre-treated orange peel and wheat straw, respectively. This work demonstrated that agricultural waste such as wheat straw and orange peel can be biotransformed to succinic acid by a one-step consolidated bioprocessing. Measures to increase fermentation efficiency are also discussed.

Application of an enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of azo dye (Orange II) in food products.

PubMed

Xue, Huyin; Xing, Yue; Yin, Yongmei; Zhang, Taichang; Zhang, Bo; Zhang, Yu; Song, Pei; Tian, Xi; Xu, Yinghui; Wang, Peng; Meng, Meng; Xi, Rimo

2012-01-01

This paper reports the preparation of polyclonal antibodies against a synthetic azo dye, Orange II, and the development of an indirect ELISA to detect Orange II in foods. The sulfonic group of Orange II was modified and linked with carrier protein to synthesise an artificial antigen. Based on the checkerboard titration, the method showed excellent sensitivity (IC₅₀ = 0.61 ng g⁻¹) to Orange II in the linear range of 0.05-10 ng g⁻¹. The antibody had little cross-reactivity with Chromotrope FB, Gardenia Yellow, Ponceau 4R, Sunset Yellow and Sudan dyes. The ELISA had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.22, 0.97 and 0.74 ng g⁻¹ in chilli powder, chilli oil and braised pork, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of the assay were 0.91 ng g⁻¹ in chilli powder, 1.48 ng g⁻¹ in chilli oil and 1.10 ng g⁻¹ in braised pork. For food products fortified with 1-10 ng g⁻¹ Orange II, the inter- and intra-assay variations were all less than 24.0% and 18.0%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed test could be used as a rapid screening method for Orange II detection in food samples.

10-N nonyl-acridine orange: a fluorescent probe which stains mitochondria independently of their energetic state.

PubMed

Maftah, A; Petit, J M; Ratinaud, M H; Julien, R

1989-10-16

The specificity of binding of 10-N Nonyl Acridine Orange to mitochondria, and more precisely to inner membranes, is demonstrated by subcellular fractionation of hepatocytes. Unlike Rhodamine 123, which is a preferential marker of the transmembrane potential, Nonyl Acridine Orange binding is essentially independent of the mitochondria energization state although a low uptake of this dye, in response to the potential, may be measured. So 10-N Nonyl acridine orange is an appropriate marker of the mitochondial membrane surface per unit of cell mass.

Skin Color Variation in Orang Asli Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia

PubMed Central

Ang, Khai C.; Ngu, Mee S.; Reid, Katherine P.; Teh, Mei S.; Aida, Zamzuraida S.; Koh, Danny XR.; Berg, Arthur; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Salleh, Hood; Clyde, Mahani M.; Md-Zain, Badrul M.; Canfield, Victor A.; Cheng, Keith C.

2012-01-01

Pigmentation is a readily scorable and quantitative human phenotype, making it an excellent model for studying multifactorial traits and diseases. Convergent human evolution from the ancestral state, darker skin, towards lighter skin colors involved divergent genetic mechanisms in people of European vs. East Asian ancestry. It is striking that the European mechanisms result in a 10–20-fold increase in skin cancer susceptibility while the East Asian mechanisms do not. Towards the mapping of genes that contribute to East Asian pigmentation there is need for one or more populations that are admixed for ancestral and East Asian ancestry, but with minimal European contribution. This requirement is fulfilled by the Senoi, one of three indigenous tribes of Peninsular Malaysia collectively known as the Orang Asli. The Senoi are thought to be an admixture of the Negrito, an ancestral dark-skinned population representing the second of three Orang Asli tribes, and regional Mongoloid populations of Indo-China such as the Proto-Malay, the third Orang Asli tribe. We have calculated skin reflectance-based melanin indices in 492 Orang Asli, which ranged from 28 (lightest) to 75 (darkest); both extremes were represented in the Senoi. Population averages were 56 for Negrito, 42 for Proto-Malay, and 46 for Senoi. The derived allele frequencies for SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 in the Senoi were 0.04 and 0.02, respectively, consistent with greater South Asian than European admixture. Females and individuals with the A111T mutation had significantly lighter skin (p = 0.001 and 0.0039, respectively). Individuals with these derived alleles were found across the spectrum of skin color, indicating an overriding effect of strong skin lightening alleles of East Asian origin. These results suggest that the Senoi are suitable for mapping East Asian skin color genes. PMID:22912732

Skin color variation in Orang Asli tribes of Peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Ang, Khai C; Ngu, Mee S; Reid, Katherine P; Teh, Mei S; Aida, Zamzuraida S; Koh, Danny Xr; Berg, Arthur; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Salleh, Hood; Clyde, Mahani M; Md-Zain, Badrul M; Canfield, Victor A; Cheng, Keith C

2012-01-01

Pigmentation is a readily scorable and quantitative human phenotype, making it an excellent model for studying multifactorial traits and diseases. Convergent human evolution from the ancestral state, darker skin, towards lighter skin colors involved divergent genetic mechanisms in people of European vs. East Asian ancestry. It is striking that the European mechanisms result in a 10-20-fold increase in skin cancer susceptibility while the East Asian mechanisms do not. Towards the mapping of genes that contribute to East Asian pigmentation there is need for one or more populations that are admixed for ancestral and East Asian ancestry, but with minimal European contribution. This requirement is fulfilled by the Senoi, one of three indigenous tribes of Peninsular Malaysia collectively known as the Orang Asli. The Senoi are thought to be an admixture of the Negrito, an ancestral dark-skinned population representing the second of three Orang Asli tribes, and regional Mongoloid populations of Indo-China such as the Proto-Malay, the third Orang Asli tribe. We have calculated skin reflectance-based melanin indices in 492 Orang Asli, which ranged from 28 (lightest) to 75 (darkest); both extremes were represented in the Senoi. Population averages were 56 for Negrito, 42 for Proto-Malay, and 46 for Senoi. The derived allele frequencies for SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 in the Senoi were 0.04 and 0.02, respectively, consistent with greater South Asian than European admixture. Females and individuals with the A111T mutation had significantly lighter skin (p = 0.001 and 0.0039, respectively). Individuals with these derived alleles were found across the spectrum of skin color, indicating an overriding effect of strong skin lightening alleles of East Asian origin. These results suggest that the Senoi are suitable for mapping East Asian skin color genes.

Exposure to pesticides residues from consumption of Italian blood oranges.

PubMed

Fallico, B; D'Urso, M G; Chiappara, E

2009-07-01

This paper reports the results of a 5-year study to evaluate pesticide levels, derived from orchard activities, on Italy's most common orange cultivar (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck, cv. Tarocco). Using a Bayesian approach, the study allowed both the qualitative (number) and quantitative distributions (amount) of pesticides to be determined with its own probability value. Multi-residue analyses of 460 samples highlighted the presence of ethyl and methyl chlorpyrifos, dicofol, etofenprox, fenazaquin, fenitrothion, imazalil, malathion and metalaxil-m. A total of 30.5% of samples contained just one pesticide, 2.16% two pesticides and 0.65% of samples had three pesticides present simultaneously. The most common residue was ethyl chlorpyrifos followed by methyl chlorpyrifos. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for ethyl and methyl chlorpyrifos, as well as the distance from the safety level (non-observed adverse effect level, NOAEL), were calculated. The risk was differentiated (1) to take account of the period of actual citrus consumption (180 days) and (2) to discriminate the risk derived from eating oranges containing a certain level of chlorpyrifos from unspecified pesticides. The most likely EDI values for ethyl chlorpyrifos derived from Italian blood orange consumption are 0.01 and 0.006 mg/day calculated for 180 and 365 days, respectively. Considering the probability of the occurrence of ethyl chlorpyrifos, these EDI values are reduced to 2.6 x 10(-3) and 1.3 x 10(-3) mg/day, respectively. For methyl chlorpyrifos, the most likely EDI values are 0.09 and 0.04 mg/day, respectively; considering the probability of its occurrence, the EDI values decrease to 6.7 x 10(-3) and 3.4 x 10(-3) mg/day, respectively. The results confirmed that levels of pesticides in Italian Tarocco oranges derived from a known controlled chain of production are safe.

78 FR 28801 - Foreign-Trade Zone 117-Orange, TX, Authorization of Production Activity, Signal International...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [B-2-2013] Foreign-Trade Zone 117--Orange, TX, Authorization of Production Activity, Signal International Texas GP, LLC (Shipbuilding), Orange, TX On January 10, 2013, the Foreign Trade Zone of Southeast Texas, Inc., grantee of FTZ 117, submitted a...

Preparation using pectinase and characterization of nanofibers from orange peel waste in juice factories.

PubMed

Hideno, Akihiro; Abe, Kentaro; Yano, Hiroyuki

2014-06-01

This study reports the preparation and characterization of nanofibers consisting mainly of cellulose microfibrils from orange peel (OP), which is a significant byproduct of orange juice production. Three treatments (boiling, alkaline, and pectinase) were investigated with and without subsequent grinding treatment. It was possible to prepare the cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) using these methods, except for the boiling treatment with grinding. Interestingly, only pectinase and a mild-physical blender treatment without grinding produced nanofibers. The width of the nanofibers from OP was approximately 10 to 50 nm. The microfibril bundles of OP were considered to be thinner than those of commercial CNFs. Our data indicated that the removal of pectic polysaccharides and hemicelluloses covering the cellulose microfibrils was important for the preparation of nanofibers from OP. These nanofibers from OP using pectinase are proposed to be applicable as food materials, pharmaceuticals, and filters for the tractive characteristics of the sheet. This study demonstrates: (1) it was possible to prepare the nanofibers from orange peel using pectinase and (2) the width of the nanofibers from orange peel was approximately 10 to 50 nm. (3) Removal of polysaccharides such as pectin and hemicelluloses covering cellulose microfibrils was very important for preparation of nanofibers from OP. Considering the tractive characteristics of the sheets from nanofibers and the origin of orange peel, they are suitable for application of food materials, pharmaceuticals, and filters. © 2014 Institute of Food Technologists®

The satisfaction level of indigenous people towards planned housing development. Case study: Orang Asli Kg. Sejagong, Sri Medan, Yong Peng Johor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamaruddin, S. M.; Zaini, N. S.; Misni, A.; Ahmad, P.

2018-02-01

Orang Asli possesses a unique relationship with their traditional land. Indigenous people have their thoughts on development, life values, visions, needs, and priorities. The government through Department of Orang Asli Development or Jabatan Kebajikan Orang Asli (JAKOA) implemented various development programs such as structured settlement program, physical improvements such as Regrouping Plan (RPS), Village Restructuring project (PSK), New Village Plan (RKB) and Orang Asli settlement customary Land Survey (village) / Land Acquisition. Orang Asli Community. However, their sense of satisfaction towards the development implemented is rarely evaluated. This paper aims to highlight Orang Asli’s thoughts and level of satisfaction towards the planned housing development of their settlement. A mixed methodology was employed using survey and interview to record their thoughts. The findings suggest that the Orang Asli Community’s sense of satisfaction towards housing development has improved. However, their needs to adhere to their social traditions and norms such as living adjacent to relatives, surrounded by nature within a low-density environment must be respected.

21 CFR 146.151 - Orange juice for manufacturing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Orange juice for manufacturing. 146.151 Section 146.151 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CANNED FRUIT JUICES Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned...

21 CFR 146.152 - Orange juice with preservative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Orange juice with preservative. 146.152 Section 146.152 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CANNED FRUIT JUICES Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned...

LiAl xCo 1- xO 2 as 4 V cathodes for lithium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Haitao; Rao, G. V. Subba; Chowdari, B. V. R.

Nominal LiAl xCo 1- xO 2 with x ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 was prepared by heating mixture of Al(OH) 3, Co 3O 4 and LiOH at 750°C in air. The effect of substitution of non-transition metal, Al, in LiCoO 2 is investigated as a 4 V cathode for lithium ion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates formation of a single phase (R3¯m) within this range of substitution. When cycled between 4.5 and 2.5 V vs. Li/Li + at a current density of 1 mA cm -2, the LiAl 0.15Co 0.85O 2 cathode exhibits reversible capacity of 160 mA h g -1 initially. XRD of the cathode made at the end of 10 cycles reveals no significant change on host structure.

Why Orange Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp. Are Orange: Single-Filament-Genome-Enabled Identification of an Abundant Octaheme Cytochrome with Hydroxylamine Oxidase, Hydrazine Oxidase, and Nitrite Reductase Activities

PubMed Central

Biddle, Jennifer F.; Siebert, Jason R.; Staunton, Eric; Hegg, Eric L.; Matthysse, Ann G.; Teske, Andreas

2013-01-01

Orange, white, and yellow vacuolated Beggiatoaceae filaments are visually dominant members of microbial mats found near sea floor hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, with orange filaments typically concentrated toward the mat centers. No marine vacuolate Beggiatoaceae are yet in pure culture, but evidence to date suggests they are nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. The nearly complete genome sequence of a single orange Beggiatoa (“Candidatus Maribeggiatoa”) filament from a microbial mat sample collected in 2008 at a hydrothermal site in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was recently obtained. From this sequence, the gene encoding an abundant soluble orange-pigmented protein in Guaymas Basin mat samples (collected in 2009) was identified by microcapillary reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (μLC–MS-MS) of a pigmented band excised from a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The predicted protein sequence is related to a large group of octaheme cytochromes whose few characterized representatives are hydroxylamine or hydrazine oxidases. The protein was partially purified and shown by in vitro assays to have hydroxylamine oxidase, hydrazine oxidase, and nitrite reductase activities. From what is known of Beggiatoaceae physiology, nitrite reduction is the most likely in vivo role of the octaheme protein, but future experiments are required to confirm this tentative conclusion. Thus, while present-day genomic and proteomic techniques have allowed precise identification of an abundant mat protein, and its potential activities could be assayed, proof of its physiological role remains elusive in the absence of a pure culture that can be genetically manipulated. PMID:23220958

78 FR 23208 - Importation of Fresh Oranges and Tangerines From Egypt Into the United States

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-18

... prepared a pest list associated with oranges and tangerines from Egypt that identifies pests of concern... application of one or more designated phytosanitary measures will be sufficient to mitigate the pest risk. In... oranges and tangerines. We are making the pest list, commodity import evaluation document, and treatment...

Genome-wide analysis of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

PubMed

Liu, Chaoyang; Wang, Xia; Xu, Yuantao; Deng, Xiuxin; Xu, Qiang

2014-10-01

MYB transcription factor represents one of the largest gene families in plant genomes. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, and recently the genome has been sequenced. This provides an opportunity to investigate the organization and evolutionary characteristics of sweet orange MYB genes from whole genome view. In the present study, we identified 100 R2R3-MYB genes in the sweet orange genome. A comprehensive analysis of this gene family was performed, including the phylogeny, gene structure, chromosomal localization and expression pattern analyses. The 100 genes were divided into 29 subfamilies based on the sequence similarity and phylogeny, and the classification was also well supported by the highly conserved exon/intron structures and motif composition. The phylogenomic comparison of MYB gene family among sweet orange and related plant species, Arabidopsis, cacao and papaya suggested the existence of functional divergence during evolution. Expression profiling indicated that sweet orange R2R3-MYB genes exhibited distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. Our analysis suggested that the sweet orange MYB genes may play important roles in different plant biological processes, some of which may be potentially involved in citrus fruit quality. These results will be useful for future functional analysis of the MYB gene family in sweet orange.

Nanocrystalline Ce 1- xY xO 2- x/2 (0≤ x≤0.35) Oxides via Carbonate Precipitation: Synthesis and Characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ji-Guang; Ikegami, Takayasu; Wang, Yarong; Mori, Toshiyuki

2002-10-01

A novel carbonate (co)precipitation method, employing nitrates as the starting salts and ammonium carbonate as the precipitant, has been used to synthesize nanocrystalline CeO 2 and Ce 1- xY xO 2- x/2 ( x≤0.35) solid-solutions. The resultant powders are characterized by elemental analysis, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Due to the direct formation of carbonate solid-solutions during precipitation, Ce 1- xY xO 2- x/2 solid-solution oxides are formed directly during calcination at a very low temperature of ˜300°C for 2 h. The thus-produced oxide nanopowders are essentially non-agglomerated, as revealed by BET in conjunction with XRD analysis. The solubility of YO 1.5 in CeO 2 is determined via XRD to be somewhere in the range from 27 to 35 mol%, from which a Y 2O 3-related type-C phase appears in the final product. Y 3+-doping promotes the formation of spherical nanoparticles, retards thermal decomposition of the precursors, and suppresses significantly crystallite coarsening of the oxides during calcination. The activation energy for crystallite coarsening increases gradually from 68.7 kJ mol -1 for pure CeO 2 to 138.6 kJ mol -1 for CeO 2 doped with 35 mol% YO 1.5. The dopant effects on crystallite coarsening is elaborated from the view point of solid-state chemistry.

β-Cryptoxanthin and Zeaxanthin Pigments Accumulation to Induce Orange Color on Citrus Fruits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidayati Sumiasih, Inanpi; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Efendi, Darda; Agusta, Andria; Yuliani, Sri

2018-01-01

Degreening, a transformation process of green color on citrus peel to be orange color on tropical low-land citrus fruits often fails. Orange color of the citrus peel comes from the mixture carotenoid pigments, such as zeaxanthine and mainly β-cryptoxanthin and β-citraurin. The accumulation of β-citraurin occurs when the fruits are exposed to low temperature, and otherwise, it will fail to occur. Precooling treatment on lowland tropical citrus fruits is expected to stimulate the accumulation of β-citraurin. The results showed the most favorable color obtained from precooling and 24-hour ethylene exposure duration. This treatment could decrease total chlorophyll and β-carotene content as well as proven to increase 3 times the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in accelerating the appearance of bright orange color on citrus peel. Degreening gave no significant effect to internal quality of Citrus reticulata.

Long-term orange juice consumption is associated with low LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in normal and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.

PubMed

Aptekmann, Nancy P; Cesar, Thais B

2013-08-06

This study investigated the hypothesis that long-term orange juice consumption (≥ 12 months) was associated with low risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adult men and women with normal and moderately high cholesterol blood levels. The sample consisted of 103 men (18-66 y) and 26 women (18-65 y); all were employees of an orange juice factory with daily access to free orange juice. The results showed that 41% of the individuals consumed 2 cups (480 mL) of orange juice per day for at least twelve months, while 59% of the volunteers are non-consumers of orange juice. Orange juice consumers with normal serum lipid levels had significantly lower total cholesterol (-11%, p <0.001), LDL-cholesterol (-18%, p < 0.001), apolipoprotein B (apo B) (-12%, p < 0.01) and LDL/HDL ratio (-12%, p < 0.04) in comparison to non-consumers, as did the consumers with moderate hypercholesterolemia: lower total cholesterol (-5%, p <0.02), LDL-cholesterol (-12%, p <0.03), apolipoprotein B (-12%, p <0.01) and LDL/HDL ratio (-16%, p <0.05) in comparison the non-consumers counterparts. Serum levels of homocysteine, HDL- cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1, body composition and the dietary intake of food energy and macronutrients did not differ among orange juice consumers and non-consumers, but vitamin C and folate intake was higher in orange juice consumers. Long-term orange juice consumers had lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apo B and LDL/HDL ratio and an improvement of folate and vitamin C in their diet.

Orange River, Africa

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-20

STS072-738-036 (11-20 Jan. 1996) --- The astronauts used a 70mm handheld camera to expose this frame of the west-flowing Orange River, which constitutes the international boundary between Namibia and the Republic of South Africa. The railroad and highway connecting the two countries is seen as a ribbon crossing the corner of the view. The broad color difference between strong browns/reds in the northern half of the view and lighter yellows in the southern corresponds to two land surfaces. The darker is a higher, flat land surface developed on horizontal Nama Sandstone’s, with rock surfaces widely coated with a dark manganese stain, typical of desert regions. This region is known as Namaqualand and borders the Namib Desert. Where rivers have cut down into this surface, the lighter underlying rock and soil colors show up.

Structure symmetry determination and magnetic evolution in Sr 2Ir 1–xRh xO 4

DOE PAGES

Ye, Feng; Wang, Xiaoping; Hoffmann, Christina; ...

2015-11-23

We use single-crystal neutron diffraction to determine the crystal structure symmetry and to study the magnetic evolution in the rhodium doped iridates Sr 2Ir 1–xRh xO 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.16). Throughout this doping range, the crystal structure retains a tetragonal symmetry (space group I4 1/a) with two distinct magnetic Ir sites in the unit cell forming staggered IrO 6 rotation. Upon Rh doping, the magnetic order is suppressed and the magnetic moment of Ir4+ is reduced from 0.21 μ B/Ir for x = 0 to 0.18 μ B/Ir for x = 0.12. As a result, the magnetic structuremore » at x = 0.12 is different from that of the parent compound while the moments remain in the basal plane.« less

Agent Orange Exposure and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) in Human Milk.

PubMed

Scialli, Anthony R; Watkins, Deborah K; Ginevan, Michael E

2015-06-01

Agent Orange was sprayed in parts of southern Vietnam during the U.S.-Vietnam war and was a mixture of two chlorophenoxy herbicides. The mixture was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). TCDD and other dioxins and furans are measurable in the milk of Vietnamese women. We explored whether the TCDD in milk from these women was from Agent Orange and whether lactational exposure can be a mode of transgenerational effects of TCDD from Agent Orange. A review of the world's literature on milk concentrations of polychlorinated compounds showed the presence of TCDD and other dioxins and furans in all countries that have been assessed. The congener profile of these chemicals, that is, the proportion of different congeners in the sample, can be used to assess the source of milk contamination. Measurements in most countries, including contemporary measurements in Vietnam, are consistent with non-Agent Orange exposure sources, including industrial activities and incineration of waste. Models and supporting human data suggest that TCDD from breastfeeding does not persist in a child past adolescence and that the adult body burden of TCDD is independent of whether the individual was breast- or bottle-fed as a child. These findings suggest that exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam did not result in persistent transgenerational exposure through human milk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of air pollutants on lemons and naval oranges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thompson, C.R.

1968-01-01

The effects of photochemical oxidant and fluoride air pollutants on lemon and orange trees were evaluated in a series of greenhouse experiments. Trees exposed to the pollutants show increased lead drop and decreased fruit yield in comparison to controls.

Structural and electrochemical properties of La 0.8Sr 0.2Ga 1-xFe xO 3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mori, Kazuhiro; Onodera, Yohei; Kiyanagi, Ryoji; Richardson, James W.; Itoh, Keiji; Sugiyama, Masaaki; Kamiyama, Takashi; Fukunaga, Toshiharu

2009-02-01

Mixed ionic-electronic conductor of Fe doped lanthanum gallate, La 0.8Sr 0.2Ga 1-xFe xO 3, has been studied by the dc four-probe method and the neutron powder diffraction. In the electrical conductivity measurement at RT, insulator-metal transition-like phenomenon was observed at around x˜0.35; this suggests an existence of the percolation limit for the electronic conductivity. Simultaneously, a bond length between O atoms, lO-O, in a MO 6 octahedron (M dbnd Ga 1-xFe x) drastically expands over x˜0.4, according to the result of crystal structure refinement based on the hexagonal phase. Such a drastic expansion in the lO-O would induce the decrease in the oxygen ionic conductivity.

21 CFR 146.151 - Orange juice for manufacturing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... apply to the hybrid species described in § 146.135). Seeds (except embryonic seeds and small fragments of seeds that cannot be separated by good manufacturing practice) are removed, and pulp and orange oil may be adjusted in accordance with good manufacturing practice. If pulp is added it shall be other...

Protective effect of red orange extract supplementation against UV-induced skin damages: photoaging and solar lentigines.

PubMed

Puglia, Carmelo; Offerta, Alessia; Saija, Antonella; Trombetta, Domenico; Venera, Cardile

2014-06-01

Exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations causes important oxidative damages that result in clinical and hystopathological changes, contributing to premature skin aging. Hyperpigmented lesions, also known as age spots, are one of the most visible alterations in skin photoaging. Skin is naturally equipped with antioxidant systems against UV-induced ROS generation; however, these antioxidant defenses are not completely efficient during exposure to sunlight. Oral antioxidants are able to counteract the harmful effects of UV radiation and to strengthen the physiological skin antioxidant defenses. The present study was performed to evaluate the in vivo skin photo-protecting and anti-aging effects of a red orange (Citrus sinensis varieties Moro, Tarocco and Sanguinello) extract supplementation. Previous studies showed that red orange extracts possess strong in vitro free radical scavenging/antioxidant activity and photo-protective effects on human skin. The photo-protective effects of red orange extract intake against UV-induced skin erythema and melanin production in solar lentigo was evaluated on healthy volunteers by an objective instrumental method (reflectance spectrophotometry). Data obtained from in vivo studies showed that supplementation of red orange extract (100 mg/daily) for 15 days brought a significant reduction in the UV-induced skin erythema degree. Moreover, skin age spots pigmentation (melanin content) decreased from 27% to 7% when subjects were exposed to solar lamp during red orange extract supplementation. Red orange extract intake can strengthen physiological antioxidant skin defenses, protecting skin from the damaging processes involved in photo-aging and leading to an improvement in skin appearance and pigmentation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effectiveness of eucalyptus oil, orange oil, and xylene in dissolving different endodontic sealers.

PubMed

Yadav, Hemant Kumar; Yadav, Rakesh Kumar; Chandra, Anil; Thakkar, Rahul Rameshbhai

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dissolution effectiveness of eucalyptus oil, orange oil, xylene, and distilled water on three different endodontic sealers. About 240 samples of root canal sealers (eighty for each sealer) were prepared and divided into four groups of 20 each for immersion in different organic solvents. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 10) for 2 and 10 min of immersion time. The mean percentage of weight loss was determined for each sealer in each solvent at both time periods. Data were statistically analyzed by two factor analysis of variance and significance of mean difference was obtained by Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). The lowest level of solubility was observed for Adseal followed by Apexit Plus and Endomethasone N at both time periods in all solvents. Apexit Plus showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in its dissolution in all the organic solvents except distilled water at both the time periods. The solubility profile of Endomethasone N and Adseal did not differ significantly among eucalyptus oil, orange oil, and xylene at 2 min and between eucalyptus oil and orange oil at 10 min. However, at 10 min, Endomethasone N and Adseal showed a more pronounced solubility in xylene as compared to both eucalyptus oil and orange oil. In general, xylene was the most effective in dissolving root canal sealers than other organic solvents. Essential oils (eucalyptus oil and orange oil) were found similar in their ability to dissolve Apexit Plus and Endomethasone N.

Long-term orange juice consumption is associated with low LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in normal and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background This study investigated the hypothesis that long-term orange juice consumption (≥ 12 months) was associated with low risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adult men and women with normal and moderately high cholesterol blood levels. Methods The sample consisted of 103 men (18–66 y) and 26 women (18–65 y); all were employees of an orange juice factory with daily access to free orange juice. The results showed that 41% of the individuals consumed 2 cups (480 mL) of orange juice per day for at least twelve months, while 59% of the volunteers are non-consumers of orange juice. Results Orange juice consumers with normal serum lipid levels had significantly lower total cholesterol (−11%, p <0.001), LDL-cholesterol (−18%, p < 0.001), apolipoprotein B (apo B) (−12%, p < 0.01) and LDL/HDL ratio (−12%, p < 0.04) in comparison to non-consumers, as did the consumers with moderate hypercholesterolemia: lower total cholesterol (−5%, p <0.02), LDL-cholesterol (−12%, p <0.03), apolipoprotein B (−12%, p <0.01) and LDL/HDL ratio (−16%, p <0.05) in comparison the non-consumers counterparts. Serum levels of homocysteine, HDL- cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1, body composition and the dietary intake of food energy and macronutrients did not differ among orange juice consumers and non-consumers, but vitamin C and folate intake was higher in orange juice consumers. Conclusion Long-term orange juice consumers had lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apo B and LDL/HDL ratio and an improvement of folate and vitamin C in their diet. PMID:23919812

The pharmacokinetics and health benefits of orange peel compounds

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange peel is a resource rich in phenolic antioxidants, including several classes of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates. These compounds have been extensively studied for their biological actions particularly against chronic diseases in humans. Yet, full development of these materials as new, commerc...

Selective inhibition of Bacillus subtilis sporulation by acridine orange and promethazine.

PubMed

Burke, W F; Spizizen, J

1977-03-01

Two structurally similar compounds were found to inhibit sporulation in Bacillus subtilis 168. A dye, acridine orange, and an antischizophrenic drug, promethazine, blocked spore formation at concentrations subinhibitory to vegetative growth, while allowing synthesis of serine protease, antibiotic, and certain catabolite-repressed enzymes. The sporulation process was sensitive to promethazine through T2, whereas acridine orange was inhibitory until T4. The drug-treated cells were able to support the replication of phages phie and phi29, although the lytic cycles were altered slightly. The selective inhibition of sporulation by these compounds may be related to the affinity of some sporulation-specific genes to intercalating compounds.

Removal of Methylene Blue and Orange-G from Waste Water Using Magnetic Biochar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mubarak, N. M.; Fo, Y. T.; Al-Salim, Hikmat Said; Sahu, J. N.; Abdullah, E. C.; Nizamuddin, S.; Jayakumar, N. S.; Ganesan, P.

2015-04-01

The study on the removal of methylene blue (MB) and orange-G dyes using magnetic biochar derived from the empty fruit bunch (EFB) was carried out. Process parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed and contact time were optimized using Design-Expert Software v.6.0.8. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the maximum adsorption of MB are at pH 2 and pH 10, dosage 1.0 g, and agitation speed and contact time of 125 rpm and 120 min respectively. While for orange-G, at pH 2, dosage 1.0 g, and agitation speed and contact time of 125 rpm and 120 min respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of 31.25 mg/g and 32.36 mg/g for MB and orange-G respectively. The adsorption kinetic for both dyes obeyed pseudo-second order.

Postprandial glycemic response to orange juice and nondiet cola: is there a difference?

PubMed

Sullivan, M J; Scott, R L

1991-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of unsweetened fruit juice and regular, decaffeinated soda on postprandial serum glucose levels in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) when these liquids are ingested separately as part of mixed meals. Eighteen individuals with NIDDM consumed three test breakfasts calculated using the diabetic exchange meal-planning system. Foods were identical in each of the breakfasts except for foods in the fruit exchange. Carbohydrate-equivalent amounts of fresh orange slices, unsweetened orange juice, and regular, decaffeinated Coke were consumed in breakfasts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Serum glucose samples were drawn at fasting and 1, 2, and 3 hours postprandially. No difference was found in the postprandial serum glucose response when Coke versus orange juice was consumed in the breakfast. These findings question the appropriateness of using unsweetened fruit juices in routine meal planning for individuals with NIDDM.

Fumigant Activity of Sweet Orange Essential Oil Fractions Against Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

PubMed

Hu, Wei; Zhang, Ning; Chen, Hongli; Zhong, Balian; Yang, Aixue; Kuang, Fan; Ouyang, Zhigang; Chun, Jiong

2017-08-01

Sweet orange oil fractions were prepared by molecular distillation of cold-pressed orange oil from sample A (Citrus sinensis (L.) 'Hamlin' from America) and sample B (Citrus sinensis Osbeck 'Newhall' from China) respectively, and their fumigant activities against medium workers of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) were investigated. The volatile composition of the orange oil fractions was identified and quantified using GC-MS. Fractions from sample A (A1, A2, and A3) contained 23, 37, and 48 chemical constituents, and fractions from sample B (B1, B2, and B3) contained 18, 29, and 26 chemical constituents, respectively. Monoterpenes were the most abundant components, accounting for 73.56% to 94.86% of total orange oil fractions, among which D-limonene (65.28-80.18%), β-pinene (1.71-5.58%), 3-carene (0.41-4.01%), β-phellandrene (0.58-2.10%), and linalool (0.31-2.20%) were major constituents. Fumigant bioassay indicated that all orange oil fractions exerted good fumigant toxicity against workers of fire ants at 3, 5, 10, and 20 mg/centrifuge tubes, and B1 had the strongest insecticidal potential, followed by A1, B2, A2, B3, and A3. The fractions composed of more high volatile molecules (A1 and B1) showed greater fumigant effects than others. Compounds linalool and D-limonene, which were the constituents of the orange oil, exhibited excellent fumigant toxicity against red imported fire ant workers. Linalool killed red imported fire ant workers completely at 5, 10, and 20 mg/tube after 8 h of treatment, and D-limonene induced >86% mortality at 8 h of exposure. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Agent Orange exposure and prevalence of self-reported diseases in Korean Vietnam veterans.

PubMed

Yi, Sang-Wook; Ohrr, Heechoul; Hong, Jae-Seok; Yi, Jee-Jeon

2013-09-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Agent Orange exposure and self-reported diseases in Korean Vietnam veterans. A postal survey of 114 562 Vietnam veterans was conducted. The perceived exposure to Agent Orange was assessed by a 6-item questionnaire. Two proximity-based Agent Orange exposure indices were constructed using division/brigade-level and battalion/company-level unit information. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for age and other confounders were calculated using a logistic regression model. The prevalence of all self-reported diseases showed monotonically increasing trends as the levels of perceived self-reported exposure increased. The ORs for colon cancer (OR, 1.13), leukemia (OR, 1.56), hypertension (OR, 1.03), peripheral vasculopathy (OR, 1.07), enterocolitis (OR, 1.07), peripheral neuropathy (OR, 1.07), multiple nerve palsy (OR, 1.14), multiple sclerosis (OR, 1.24), skin diseases (OR, 1.05), psychotic diseases (OR, 1.07) and lipidemia (OR, 1.05) were significantly elevated for the high exposure group in the division/brigade-level proximity-based exposure analysis, compared to the low exposure group. The ORs for cerebral infarction (OR, 1.08), chronic bronchitis (OR, 1.05), multiple nerve palsy (OR, 1.07), multiple sclerosis (OR, 1.16), skin diseases (OR, 1.05), and lipidemia (OR, 1.05) were significantly elevated for the high exposure group in the battalion/company-level analysis. Korean Vietnam veterans with high exposure to Agent Orange experienced a higher prevalence of several self-reported chronic diseases compared to those with low exposure by proximity-based exposure assessment. The strong positive associations between perceived self-reported exposure and all self-reported diseases should be evaluated with discretion because the likelihood of reporting diseases was directly related to the perceived intensity of Agent Orange exposure.

Molecular breeding of a novel orange-brown tomato fruit with enhanced beta-carotene and chlorophyll accumulation.

PubMed

Manoharan, Ranjith Kumar; Jung, Hee-Jeong; Hwang, Indeok; Jeong, Namhee; Kho, Kang Hee; Chung, Mi-Young; Nou, Ill-Sup

2017-01-01

Tomatoes provide a significant dietary source of the carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene. During ripening, carotenoid accumulation determines the fruit colors while chlorophyll degradation. These traits have been, and continue to be, a significant focus for plant breeding efforts. Previous work has found strong evidence for a relationship between CYC-B gene expression and the orange color of fleshy fruit. Other work has identified a point mutation in SGR that impedes chlorophyll degradation and causes brown flesh color to be retained in some tomato varieties. We crossed two inbred lines, KNY2 (orange) and KNB1 (brown) and evaluated the relationship between these genes for their effect on fruit color. Phenotypes of F2 generation plants were analyzed and a novel 'orange-brown' fruit color was identified. We confirm two SNPs, one in CYC-B and another in SGR gene sequence, associated with segregation of 'orange-brown' fruit color in F2 generation. The carotenoid and chlorophyll content of a fleshy fruit was assessed across the different phenotypes and showed a strong correlation with expression pattern of carotenoid biosynthesis genes and SGR function. The orange-brown fruit has high β-carotene and chlorophyll. Our results provide valuable information for breeders to develop tomato fruit of a novel color using molecular markers.

DYNAMICS OF ACRIDINE ORANGE-CELL INTERACTION

PubMed Central

Robbins, Elliott; Marcus, Philip I.

1963-01-01

The in vitro localization of acridine orange (AO) in living cells was monitored by means of fluorescence microscopy, quantitative cell viability studies, and photofluorimetric measurements following dye-cell interaction. The parameters, pH, time, dye concentration, and the metabolic state of the cell were found to exert a profound influence on the time course and distribution of staining. The parameters studied are mutually interdependent, and intracellular dye localization may be predictably altered by their appropriate manipulation. Conditions are defined whereby two morphologically distinct but physiologically interrelated reactions, namely, acridine orange particle (AOP) formation and cytoplasmic reddening (CR) may be caused, prevented, reversed, or modified. These results are explained in terms of the facilitation or inhibition of an intracytoplasmic dye-segregating mechanism, in turn affected by the rate of dye ingress and the physiological state of the cell. Whereas the accumulation of AO in AOP is compatible with cell viability, the appearance of CR is correlated with cell death. It is pointed out that meaningful interpretation of vital staining requires precise regulation of many parameters in the extracellular milieu. A scheme of cell compartmentalization with respect to AO is proposed to satisfactorily account for the effects of environmental variations on the distribution and ultimate fate of intracellular dye. The AOP are viewed as normally present acid phosphatase-positive multivesicular bodies. PMID:14079487

Evaluation of land suitability for shallot (A. ascalonicum L.) and orange (Orange sp.) at Harian District of Samosir Regency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bintang; Supriadi; Tampubolon, E.

2018-02-01

Evaluation of land suitability for shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and lemon (Citrus sp.) aimed to determine the level of suitability to the plants that would be cultivated at Harian District, Samosir Regency. Operation of soil type, altitude map and slope maps with scale of 1:50000 obtained nine Land Map Units namely LMU1 and 2 - Sampur Toba village; LMU3 - Janji Martahan village; LMU4 - Turpuk Limbong village; LMU5 - Sosor Dolok village; LMU6,7,8 and 9 in Partungkox Na Ginjang village. Land suitability assessment criteria based on Bogor Soil Research Center Staff 1983 and the limit method by Djaenuddin 2011. The results showed that shallot crop, there is only on LMU 2 (Sampur Toba) that has barier that can be overcome, such as actual class S3 (n, r); S2 (eh) had an inhibiting factor pH and slope that can be managed with liming and terracing. Orange crop on LMU 1 can be overcome by giving organic material; it might be overcome with terracing on LMU 3; and managed by liming and terracing on LMU 8. On the other LMU (4, 5, 6, 7, 9) are not suggested for orange cultivation.

Insulin sensitivity and lipid profile of eutrophic individuals after acute intake of fresh orange juice in comparison to the commercial-pasteurized orange juice

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Citrus flavonoids from orange juice (OJ) have shown hypolipidemic, hypotension, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the extraction and commercial pasteurization of OJ can influence its nutritional composition in comparison to the fresh squeezed OJ. We evaluated the insulin sensitivity, and th...

33 CFR 334.790 - Sabine River at Orange, Tex.; restricted area in vicinity of the Naval and Marine Corps Reserve...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sabine River at Orange, Tex... RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.790 Sabine River at Orange, Tex.; restricted area in vicinity of the Naval.... Government or those duly authorized by the Commanding Officer, Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Center, Orange...

(3+1)D superspace structural determination of two new modulated composite phases: Sr 1+ x(Cu xMn 1- x)O 3; x=3/11 and x=0.3244

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El Abed, Ahmed; Gaudin, Etienne; zur Loye, Hans-Conrad; Darriet, Jacques

2003-01-01

We report the structure determination of two new phases belonging to the A 1+ x(A' xB 1- x)O 3 family of oxides with A=Sr, A'=Cu, and B=Mn, where x=3/11 and x=0.3244, corresponding to a commensurate and incommensurate composite structure, respectively. These two compounds are the first examples of oxides belonging to the Sr 1+ x(Cu xMn 1- x)O 3 family. Their structures were solved in the (3+1) dimensional superspace formalism as modulated composite structures with two subsystems [(Cu,Mn)O 3] and [Sr]. The superspace group used to solve the structures is R 3¯m(00γ)0s . The first phase ( x=3/11), corresponding to the chemical formula Sr 14Cu 3Mn 8O 33, was obtained as a single crystal with unit cell parameters of a=9.6025(3) Å and c1=2.5660(8) Å ( q=7/11 c1∗, Z=3), where c1 is the lattice parameter corresponding to the c-axis of the trigonal subsystem [(Cu,Mn)O 3]. The second phase ( x=0.3244(1)), is a polycrystalline sample with unit cell parameters of a=9.5933(7) and c1=2.5933(3) ( q=0.6622 c1∗, Z=3). In both structures, one dimensional chains run along the c-axis which contain octahedra and trigonal prisms occupied by manganese and copper atoms, respectively. The refinement results show that in both cases copper occupies the rectangular faces of the trigonal prism while manganese occupies the octahedral sites. The magnetic measurements of the polycrystalline phase (Sr 1+ x(Cu xMn 1- x)O 3, x=0.3244(2)) and the Curie constant obtained from the high temperature susceptibility are in agreement with a spin state configuration of S=3/2 for Mn 4+ and S=1/2 for Cu 2+.

Formation of Diketopiperazines by Penicillium italicum Isolated from Oranges

PubMed Central

Scott, Peter M.; Kennedy, Barry P. C.; Harwig, Joost; Chen, Y-K.

1974-01-01

Prolyl-2-(1′,1′-dimethylallyl)tryptophyldiketopiperazine and 12,13-dehydroprolyl-2-(1′,1′-dimethylallyl)tryptophyldiketopiperazine, known metabolites of Aspergillus ustus, were produced in low yield by Penicillium italicum in liquid culture and on unsterilized orange peel. PMID:4441068

Control of Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) in Southern Alaska

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange hawkweed is a perennial European plant and an escaped ornamental that has colonized roadsides and grasslands in south central and southeast Alaska. This plant is forming near monotypic stands, reducing plant diversity and decreasing pasture productivity. A replicated greenhouse study was cond...

Adsorption of Azo-Dye Orange II from Aqueous Solutions Using a Metal-Organic Framework Material: Iron- Benzenetricarboxylate

PubMed Central

Rojas García, Elizabeth; López Medina, Ricardo; May Lozano, Marcos; Hernández Pérez, Isaías; Valero, Maria J.; Maubert Franco, Ana M.

2014-01-01

A Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), iron-benzenetricarboxylate (Fe(BTC)), has been studied for the adsorptive removal of azo-dye Orange II from aqueous solutions, where the effect of various parameters was tested and isotherm and kinetic models were suggested. The adsorption capacities of Fe(BTC) were much higher than those of an activated carbon. The experimental data can be best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.997) and revealed the ability of Fe(BTC) to adsorb 435 mg of Orange II per gram of adsorbent at the optimal conditions. The kinetics of Orange II adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating the coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption, with intra-particle diffusion being the rate controlling step. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption of Orange II was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic process (−25.53 kJ·mol−1). The high recovery of the dye showed that Fe(BTC) can be employed as an effective and reusable adsorbent for the removal of Orange II from aqueous solutions and showed the economic interest of this adsorbent material for environmental purposes. PMID:28788289

Effect of extraction method on quality of orange juice: hand-squeezed, commercial-fresh squeezed and processed

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fresh orange juice is perceived to be more wholesome than processed juice. Fresh juice may have flavor and nutrients that differ from pasteurized or processed juice. In this study, ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges were extracted using a commercial food service juicer, pasteurized or not, resulting in...

Submerged citric acid fermentation on orange peel autohydrolysate.

PubMed

Rivas, Beatriz; Torrado, Ana; Torre, Paolo; Converti, Attilio; Domínguez, José Manuel

2008-04-09

The citrus-processing industry generates in the Mediterranean area huge amounts of orange peel as a byproduct from the industrial extraction of citrus juices. To reduce its environmental impact as well as to provide an extra profit, this residue was investigated in this study as an alternative substrate for the fermentative production of citric acid. Orange peel contained 16.9% soluble sugars, 9.21% cellulose, 10.5% hemicellulose, and 42.5% pectin as the most important components. To get solutions rich in soluble and starchy sugars to be used as a carbon source for citric acid fermentation, this raw material was submitted to autohydrolysis, a process that does not make use of any acidic catalyst. Liquors obtained by this process under optimum conditions (temperature of 130 degrees C and a liquid/solid ratio of 8.0 g/g) contained 38.2 g/L free sugars (8.3 g/L sucrose, 13.7 g/L glucose, and 16.2 g/L fructose) and significant amounts of metals, particularly Mg, Ca, Zn, and K. Without additional nutrients, these liquors were employed for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger CECT 2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599). Addition of calcium carbonate enhanced citric acid production because it prevented progressive acidification of the medium. Moreover, the influence of methanol addition on citric acid formation was investigated. Under the best conditions (40 mL of methanol/kg of medium), an effective conversion of sugars into citric acid was ensured (maximum citric acid concentration of 9.2 g/L, volumetric productivity of 0.128 g/(L.h), and yield of product on consumed sugars of 0.53 g/g), hence demonstrating the potential of orange peel wastes as an alternative raw material for citric acid fermentation.

Teen Pregnancy Prevention: Grassroots Efforts in Orange County.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemenway, Callista Lee

In 1979, a March of Dimes task force investigation in Orange County, California found a direct correlation between the rising number of low birth weight babies and the rising number of births to teens. Sparked by this investigation, the Coalition Concerned with Adolescent Pregnancy (CCAP), an independent non-profit agency, was formed. CCAP's…

Distinct functions of neuromedin u and neuromedin s in orange-spotted grouper.

PubMed

Li, Shuisheng; Xiao, Ling; Liu, Qiongyu; Zheng, Binbin; Chen, Huapu; Liu, Xiaochun; Zhang, Yong; Lin, Haoran

2015-10-01

Neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) play inhibitory roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in mammals. However, their functions are not clearly established in teleost fish. In the present study, nmu and nms homologs were identified in several fish species. Subsequently, their cDNA sequences were cloned from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Sequence analysis showed that the orange-spotted grouper Nmu proprotein contains a 21-amino acid mature Nmu peptide (Nmu-21). The Nms proprotein lost the typical mature Nms peptide, but it retains a putative 34-amino acid peptide (Nmsrp). In situ hybridization revealed that nmu- and nms-expressing cells are mainly localized in the hypothalamic regions associated with appetite regulation. Food deprivation decreased the hypothalamic nmu mRNA levels but induced an increase of nms mRNA levels. Periprandial expression analysis showed that hypothalamic expression of nmu increased significantly at 3 h post-feeding, while nms expression was elevated at the normal feeding time. I.p. injection of synthetic Nmu-21 peptide suppressed the hypothalamic neuropeptide y (npy) expression, while Nmsrp administration significantly increased the expression of npy and orexin in orange-spotted grouper. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of LH beta subunit (lhβ) and gh in the pituitary were significantly down-regulated after Nmu-21 peptide administration, while Nmsrp was able to significantly stimulate the expression of FSH beta subunit (fshβ), prolactin (prl), and somatolaction (sl). Our results indicate that nmu and nms possess distinct neuroendocrine functions and pituitary functions in the orange spotted grouper. © 2015 Society for Endocrinology.

Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: a novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health.

PubMed

Tangpricha, Vin; Koutkia, Polyxeni; Rieke, Suzanne M; Chen, Tai C; Perez, Alberto A; Holick, Michael F

2003-06-01

Fortification of milk with vitamin D may not be adequate for satisfying the vitamin D requirement because of variability in vitamin D content after fortification and because many persons have milk allergy or lactose intolerance. Additional foods need to be fortified with vitamin D. We determined whether vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, is bioavailable in orange juice and skim milk, 2 nonfat beverages. On 3 separate occasions, 18 adults ingested 25 000 IU vitamin D(2) in 240 mL whole milk or skim milk or in 0.1 mL corn oil applied to toast. A separate, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial investigated whether the consumption of orange juice fortified with vitamin D(3) would increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations: 14 subjects ingested 240 mL orange juice fortified with 1000 IU vitamin D, and 12 subjects ingested a control orange juice daily for 12 wk. Peak serum vitamin D(2) concentrations did not differ significantly after the ingestion of vitamin D(2) in whole milk, skim milk, or corn oil on toast. After subjects consumed orange juice fortified with 1000 IU vitamin D(3) daily for 12 wk, serum 25(OH)D(3) concentrations increased by 150%, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations decreased by 25% compared with baseline; control subjects had a seasonal increase of 45% in 25(OH)D and no significant change in serum parathyroid hormone. The fat content of milk does not affect vitamin D bioavailability. Vitamin D fortification at 1000 IU/240 mL orange juice for 12 wk safely increased 25(OH)D(3) concentrations in adults.

ORANGES evaluation phase I risk assessment report : phase I of the US DOT sponsored evaluation of the ORANGES electronic payment system field operational test

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-03-11

This document is the US DOT evaluation Risk Assessment report for Phase I of the ORANGES field operational test. This document consolidates working papers and incorporates an assessment of issues, risks, mitigation strategies and lessons learned look...

Physical properties of inulin and inulin-orange juice: physical characterization and technological application.

PubMed

Saavedra-Leos, M Z; Leyva-Porras, C; Martínez-Guerra, E; Pérez-García, S A; Aguilar-Martínez, J A; Álvarez-Salas, C

2014-05-25

In this work two systems based on a carbohydrate polymer were studied: inulin as model system and inulin-orange juice as complex system. Both system were stored at different water activity conditions and subsequently characterized. Water adsorption isotherms type II were fitted by the GAB model and the water monolayer content was determined for each system. From thermal analyzes it was found that at low water activities (aw) systems were fully amorphous. As aw increased, crystallinity was developed. This behavior was corroborated by X-ray diffraction. In the inulin-orange juice system, crystallization appears at lower water activity caused by the intensification of the chemical interaction of the low molecular weight species contained in orange juice. Glass transition temperature (Tg), determined by modulated differential scanning calorimeter, decreased with aw. As water is adsorbed, the physical appearance of samples changed which could be observed by optical microscopy and effectively related with the microstructure found by scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 41119 - Special Local Regulations; Sabine River, Orange, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

... Regulation is intended to restrict vessels from portions of the Sabine River during the Thunder on the Sabine... Orange, TX, Thunder on the Sabine boat races. The powerboat race and associated testing will occur...

Identification, characterization and expression analysis of lineage-specific genes within sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

PubMed

Xu, Yuantao; Wu, Guizhi; Hao, Baohai; Chen, Lingling; Deng, Xiuxin; Xu, Qiang

2015-11-23

With the availability of rapidly increasing number of genome and transcriptome sequences, lineage-specific genes (LSGs) can be identified and characterized. Like other conserved functional genes, LSGs play important roles in biological evolution and functions. Two set of citrus LSGs, 296 citrus-specific genes (CSGs) and 1039 orphan genes specific to sweet orange, were identified by comparative analysis between the sweet orange genome sequences and 41 genomes and 273 transcriptomes. With the two sets of genes, gene structure and gene expression pattern were investigated. On average, both the CSGs and orphan genes have fewer exons, shorter gene length and higher GC content when compared with those evolutionarily conserved genes (ECs). Expression profiling indicated that most of the LSGs expressed in various tissues of sweet orange and some of them exhibited distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. Particularly, the orphan genes were preferentially expressed in callus, which is an important pluripotent tissue of citrus. Besides, part of the CSGs and orphan genes expressed responsive to abiotic stress, indicating their potential functions during interaction with environment. This study identified and characterized two sets of LSGs in citrus, dissected their sequence features and expression patterns, and provided valuable clues for future functional analysis of the LSGs in sweet orange.

Yoghurt impacts on the excretion of phenolic acids derived from colonic breakdown of orange juice flavanones in humans.

PubMed

Roowi, Suri; Mullen, William; Edwards, Christine A; Crozier, Alan

2009-05-01

Human urine was collected over a 24 h period after the consumption of 250 mL of (i) water, (ii) orange juice, and (iii) orange juice plus 150 mL of full fat natural yoghurt. The orange juice contained 168 micromol of hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside and 18 micromol of naringenin-7-O-rutinoside. GC-MS analysis of the urine identified nine phenolic acids, five of which, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylhydracrylic acid, dihydroferulic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylhydracrylic acid and 3-hydroxyhippuric acid, were associated with orange juice consumption indicating that they were derived from colonic catabolism of hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside. The overall 0-24 h excretion of the five phenolic acids was 6.7 +/- 1.8 micromol after drinking water and this increased significantly (p < 0.05) to 62 +/- 18 micromol, equivalent to 37% of the ingested flavanones, following orange juice consumption. When the orange juice was ingested with yoghurt excretion fell back markedly to 9.3 +/- 4.4 micromol. This was not due to a difference in mouth to caecum transit time, as measured with breath hydrogen production, though possibly there may have been a slowing of the bulk of the meal reaching the large intestine which may then have altered the catabolism of the flavanones to phenolic acids by the colonic microbiota.

Mass wasting on the Orange Cone of the Atlantic Margin, South Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fielies, Anthony; Murphy, Alain; Johnson, Sean; Thovhogi, Tshifhiwa

2017-04-01

The South African Atlantic Margin represents the rift-drift passive volcanic margin sequence which records the break-up of Gondwana around 155 Ma and the subsequent opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. The Orange Cone - the morphological expression of the sediment buildout and modification of the continental margin along the southwest African continental margin - has undergone extensive mass failure and slope modification over a protracted period. This failure extends all the way to the present-day toe of the Orange Cone. This paper outlines the data and analysis by South Arica in support of its Submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. South Africa has, in its submission, identified and mapped a considerable number of gravity-driven failure features and deposits as evidence of the Orange Cone being classified as a slope in the sense of Article 76 of UNCLOS. Sediment mass failure, which includes slumping, sliding, mass transport deposits, etc., are known to be continental slope phenomena because they are gravity-driven and thus require a free slope upon which gravitational forces can cause kinetic action. Upper slope failure is ubiquitous on the Orange Cone and has been well documented. The most striking example of slope modification and downslope movement in the upper slope of the Orange Cone/Basin is the paired, gravity-driven deformation system, over 100 km across, with extension high on the submarine slope and contraction toward the toe of slope. The lower slope of the Orange Cone has experienced multiple episodes of failure in the form of glides, slides and debris flows. Failure on the lower slope is highly relevant for the purposes of delineating the foot of the continental slope as the deposition location represents the terminus of the slope processes. These gravity-driven failures are inherently linked to upper slope failure processes although their expression is markedly different. The change in gradients between the upper and

View of the orange soil which Apollo 17 crewmen found at Station 4 during EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-12

AS17-137-20989 (12 Dec. 1972) --- A close-up view of the much-publicized orange soil which the Apollo 17 crewmen found at Station 4 (Shorty Crater) during the second Apollo 17 extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Taurus-Littrow landing site. The orange soil was first spotted by scientist-astronaut Harrison H. Schmitt. While astronauts Schmitt and Eugene A. Cernan descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Challenger" to explore the lunar surface, astronaut Ronald E. Evans remained with the Apollo 17 Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit. The orange soil was never seen by the crewmen of the other lunar landing missions - Apollo 11 (Sea of Tranquility); Apollo 12 (Ocean of Storms); Apollo 14 (Fra Mauro); Apollo 15 (Hadley-Apennines); and Apollo 16 (Descartes).

Synergistic effect of co-digestion to enhance anaerobic degradation of catering waste and orange peel for biogas production.

PubMed

Anjum, Muzammil; Khalid, Azeem; Qadeer, Samia; Miandad, Rashid

2017-09-01

Catering waste and orange peel were co-digested using an anaerobic digestion process. Orange peel is difficult to degrade anaerobically due to the presence of antimicrobial agents such as limonene. The present study aimed to examine the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of catering waste with orange peel to provide the optimum nutrient balance with reduced inhibitory effects of orange peel. Batch experiments were conducted using catering waste as a potential substrate mixed in varying ratios (20-50%) with orange peel. Similar ratios were followed using green vegetable waste as co-substrate. The results showed that the highest organic matter degradation (49%) was achieved with co-digestion of catering waste and orange peel at a 50% mixing ratio (CF4). Similarly, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was increased by 51% and reached its maximum value (9040 mg l -1 ) due to conversion of organic matter from insoluble to soluble form. Biogas production was increased by 1.5 times in CF4 where accumulative biogas was 89.61 m 3 t -1 substrate compared with 57.35 m 3 t -1 substrate in the control after 80 days. The main reason behind the improved biogas production and degradation is the dilution of inhibitory factors (limonene), with subsequent provision of balanced nutrients in the co-digestion system. The tCOD of the final digestate was decreased by 79.9% in CF4, which was quite high as compared with 68.3% for the control. Overall, this study revealed that orange peel waste is a highly feasible co-substrate for anaerobic digestion with catering waste for enhanced biogas production.

Science versus policy in establishing equitable Agent Orange disability compensation policy.

PubMed

Brown, Mark A

2011-07-01

This article makes the case that current Agent Orange compensation policy for Vietnam War veterans is based neither wholly upon scientific findings about Agent Orange health effects nor on pure public health policy considerations. Rather, it is the logical culmination of decades of experience among policy makers and public health scientists trying to establish clear-cut, equitable, and scientifically defensible compensation policy in the face of limited relevant science and poor or nonexistent exposure data-all within the broader context of Veterans Affairs disability compensation policies, and a deep-seated commitment to support the men and women who served their country during the Vietnam War. Finally, attempts to update current policy will benefit from an understanding of this background.

High-pressure phase transitions of Fe 3-xTi xO 4 solid solution up to 60 GPa correlated with electronic spin transition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamanaka, Takamitsu; Kyono, Atsushi; Nakamoto, Yuki

2013-06-12

The structural phase transition of the titanomagnetite (Fe 3–xTi xO 4) solid solution under pressures up to 60 GPa has been clarified by single-crystal and powder diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation and a diamond-anvil cell. Present Rietveld structure refinements of the solid solution prove that the prefered cation distribution is based on the crystal field preference rather than the magnetic spin ordering in the solid solution. The Ti-rich phases in 0.734 ≤ x ≤1.0 undergo a phase transformation from the cubic spinel of Fd3m to the tetragonal spinel structure of I4 1/amd with c/a < 1.0. The transition is drivenmore » by a Jahn-Teller effect of IVFe 2+ (3d 6) on the tetrahedral site. The c/a < 1 ratio is induced by lifting of the degeneracy of the e orbitals by raising the d x2-y2 orbital below the energy of the d z2 orbital. The distortion characterized by c/a < 1 is more pronounced with increasing Ti content in the Fe 3–xTi xO 4 solid solutions and with increasing pressure. An X-ray emission experiment of Fe 2TiO 4 at high pressures confirms the spin transition of FeKβ from high spin to intermediate spin (IS) state. The high spin (HS)-to-low spin (LS) transition starts at 14 GPa and the IS state gradually increases with compression. The VIFe 2+ in the octahedral site is more prone for the HS-to-LS transition, compared with Fe 2+ in the fourfold- or eightfold-coordinated site. The transition to the orthorhombic post-spinel structure with space group Cmcm has been confirmed in the whole compositional range of Fe 3–xTi xO 4. The transition pressure decreases from 25 GPa (x = 0.0) to 15 GPa (x = 1.0) with increasing Ti content. There are two cation sites in the orthorhombic phase: M1 and M2 sites of eightfold and sixfold coordination, respectively. Fe 2+ and Ti 4+ are disordered on the M2 site. This structural change is accelerated at higher pressures due to the spin transition of Fe 2+ in the octahedral site. This is because the ionic radius

76 FR 43344 - Certain Orange Juice From Brazil; Scheduling of a Full Five-Year Review Concerning the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-20

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1089 (Review)] Certain Orange Juice From Brazil; Scheduling of a Full Five-Year Review Concerning the Antidumping Duty Order on Certain Orange Juice From Brazil AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The...

Structural and optical properties of magnetron sputtered MgxZn1-xO thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Sanjeev; Gupte, Vinay; Sreenivas, K.

2006-04-01

MgxZn1-xO (MZO) thin films prepared by an rf magnetron sputtering technique are reported. The films were grown at room temperature and at relatively low rf power of 50 W. MZO thin films were found to possess preferred c-axis orientation and exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO up to a Mg concentration of 42 mol%. A small variation in the c-axis lattice parameter of around 0.3% was observed with increasing Mg composition, showing the complete solubility of Mg in ZnO. The band gap of the MZO films in the wurtzite phase varied linearly with the Mg concentration and a maximum band gap ~4.19 eV was achieved at x = 0.42. The refractive indices of the MgO films were found to decrease with increasing Mg content. The observed optical dispersion data are in agreement with the single oscillator model. A photoluminescence study revealed a blue shift in the near band edge emission peak with increasing Mg content in the MZO films. The results show the potential of MZO films in various opto-electronic applications.

Pattern recognition and genetic algorithms for discrimination of orange juices and reduction of significant components from headspace solid-phase microextraction.

PubMed

Rinaldi, Maurizio; Gindro, Roberto; Barbeni, Massimo; Allegrone, Gianna

2009-01-01

Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) juice comprises a complex mixture of volatile components that are difficult to identify and quantify. Classification and discrimination of the varieties on the basis of the volatile composition could help to guarantee the quality of a juice and to detect possible adulteration of the product. To provide information on the amounts of volatile constituents in fresh-squeezed juices from four orange cultivars and to establish suitable discrimination rules to differentiate orange juices using new chemometric approaches. Fresh juices of four orange cultivars were analysed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS. Principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis and heuristic methods, such as neural networks, allowed clustering of the data from HS-SPME analysis while genetic algorithms addressed the problem of data reduction. To check the quality of the results the chemometric techniques were also evaluated on a sample. Thirty volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME and GC-MS analyses and their relative amounts calculated. Differences in composition of orange juice volatile components were observed. The chosen orange cultivars could be discriminated using neural networks, genetic relocation algorithms and linear discriminant analysis. Genetic algorithms applied to the data were also able to detect the most significant compounds. SPME is a useful technique to investigate orange juice volatile composition and a flexible chemometric approach is able to correctly separate the juices.

Hesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers.

PubMed

Morand, Christine; Dubray, Claude; Milenkovic, Dragan; Lioger, Delphine; Martin, Jean François; Scalbert, Augustin; Mazur, Andrzej

2011-01-01

Although numerous human studies have shown consistent effects of some polyphenol-rich foods on several intermediate markers for cardiovascular diseases, it is still unknown whether their action could be specifically related to polyphenols. We investigated the effect of orange juice and its major flavonoid, hesperidin, on microvascular reactivity, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk biomarkers through both postprandial and chronic intervention studies. Twenty-four healthy, overweight men (age 50-65 y) were included in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Throughout the three 4-wk periods, volunteers daily consumed 500 mL orange juice, 500 mL control drink plus hesperidin (CDH), or 500 mL control drink plus placebo (CDP). All measurements and blood collections were performed in overnight-fasted subjects before and after the 4-wk treatment periods. The postprandial study was conducted at the beginning of each experimental period. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly lower after 4 wk consumption of orange juice or CDH than after consumption of CDP (P = 0.02), whereas microvascular endothelium-related reactivity was not significantly affected when measured after an overnight fast. However, both orange juice and CDH ingestion significantly improved postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity compared with CDP (P < 0.05) when measured at the peak of plasma hesperetin concentration. In healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men, orange juice decreases DBP when regularly consumed and postprandially increases endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity. Our study suggests that hesperidin could be causally linked to the beneficial effect of orange juice. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00983086.

21 CFR 146.153 - Concentrated orange juice for manufacturing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Concentrated orange juice for manufacturing. 146.153 Section 146.153 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CANNED FRUIT JUICES Requirements for Specific Standardized...

21 CFR 146.154 - Concentrated orange juice with preservative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Concentrated orange juice with preservative. 146.154 Section 146.154 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CANNED FRUIT JUICES Requirements for Specific Standardized...

Asian citrus psyllid, huanglongbing and the orange jasmine conundrum

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is an important invasive pest in Florida because it vectors a bacterium ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (LAS) responsible for a devastating citrus disease known as huanglongbing (HLB). Soon after finding HLB in Florida, concerns arose that orange jasmine in urban areas wo...

Development and characterization of a new encapsulating agent from orange juice by-products.

PubMed

Kaderides, Kyriakos; Goula, Athanasia M

2017-10-01

The replacement of maltodextrins as carriers for the spray drying of sticky and sugar based bioactives is an important development for the food industry. In this work, orange juice industry by-product was used to obtain a high dietary fiber powder to be used as carrier material. This powder was characterized with respect to its physical and chemical properties related to the process of encapsulation by spray drying. Adsorption isotherms of orange waste powder were determined at 30, 45, and 60°C. The data were fitted to several models including two-parameter (BET, Halsey, Smith, and Oswin), three-parameter (GAB), and four-parameter (Peleg) relationships. The GAB model best fitted the experimental data. The isosteric heat of sorption was determined from the equilibrium sorption data using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Isosteric heats of sorption were found to decrease exponentially with increasing moisture content. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied to the sorption isotherms and indicated an enthalpy controlled sorption process. Glass transition temperatures (T g ) of orange waste powder conditioned at various water activities were determined and a strong plasticizing effect of water on T g was found. These data were satisfactory correlated by the Gordon and Taylor model. The critical water activity and moisture content for the orange waste powder were 0.82 and 0.18g water/g solids, respectively, at a storage temperature of 25°C. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

X-ray diffraction and Raman investigations of thickness dependent stress effects on Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lappalainen, Jyrki; Lantto, Vilho; Frantti, Johannes; Hiltunen, Jussi

2006-06-01

Microstructure, film orientation, and optical transmission spectra of polycrystalline Nd-modified Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 films were studied as a function of film thickness. Pulsed laser deposition was used for the fabrication of films with thickness from 80to465nm on single-crystal MgO(100) substrates. Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and spectrophotometry measurements were utilized in the film characterization. With the decreasing film thickness, films first oriented with c axis perpendicular to film surface, and then, after some critical thickness, changed to a-axis orientation. At the same time, compressive stress increased up to 1.3GPa and a clear blueshift of the optical absorption edge was found in transmission spectra.

77 FR 47519 - Annual Marine Events in the Eighth Coast Guard District, Sabine River; Orange, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-09

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 100 [Docket No. USCG-2012-0656] Annual Marine Events in the Eighth Coast Guard District, Sabine River; Orange, TX AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... Regulations for the S.P.O.R.T. Power Boat Neches River in Orange, TX from 3 p.m. on September 21, 2012...

Agent Orange exposure and disease prevalence in Korean Vietnam veterans: the Korean veterans health study.

PubMed

Yi, Sang-Wook; Hong, Jae-Seok; Ohrr, Heechoul; Yi, Jee-Jeon

2014-08-01

Between 1961 and 1971, military herbicides were used by the United States and allied forces for military purposes. Agent Orange, the most-used herbicide, was a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and contained an impurity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Many Korean Vietnam veterans were exposed to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Agent Orange exposure and the prevalence of diseases of the endocrine, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. The Agent Orange exposure was assessed by a geographic information system-based model. A total of 111,726 Korean Vietnam veterans were analyzed for prevalence using the Korea National Health Insurance claims data from January 2000 to September 2005. After adjusting for covariates, the high exposure group had modestly elevated odds ratios (ORs) for endocrine diseases combined and neurologic diseases combined. The adjusted ORs were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group for hypothyroidism (OR=1.13), autoimmune thyroiditis (OR=1.93), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.04), other endocrine gland disorders including pituitary gland disorders (OR=1.43), amyloidosis (OR=3.02), systemic atrophies affecting the nervous system including spinal muscular atrophy (OR=1.27), Alzheimer disease (OR=1.64), peripheral polyneuropathies (OR=1.09), angina pectoris (OR=1.04), stroke (OR=1.09), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) including chronic bronchitis (OR=1.05) and bronchiectasis (OR=1.16), asthma (OR=1.04), peptic ulcer (OR=1.03), and liver cirrhosis (OR=1.08). In conclusion, Agent Orange exposure increased the prevalence of endocrine disorders, especially in the thyroid and pituitary gland; various neurologic diseases; COPD; and liver cirrhosis. Overall, this study suggests that Agent Orange/2,4-D/TCDD exposure several decades earlier may increase morbidity

Effect of Extraction, Pasteurization and Cold Storage on Flavonoids and other Secondary Metabolites in Fresh Orange Juice

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fresh orange juice is perceived to be more wholesome than processed juice. Fresh juice may have nutrients and phytonutrients that differ from pasteurized or processed juice. To evaluate this, 'Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges were extracted using a commercial food service juicer, pasteurized or not, r...

Orange juice intake reduces patient discomfort and is effective for bowel cleansing with polyethylene glycol during bowel preparation.

PubMed

Choi, Hong Seok; Shim, Chan Sup; Kim, Gyu Won; Kim, Jung Seok; Lee, Sun-Young; Sung, In-Kyung; Park, Hyung Seok; Kim, Jeong Hwan

2014-10-01

Many patients report discomfort because of the unpleasant taste of bowel preparation solutions. This study aimed to determine whether adding orange juice to 2 L of polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid is effective for reducing patient discomfort and improving palatability during bowel preparation. This was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital and a generalized hospital. Consecutive outpatients and inpatients were randomly allocated to drink 2 L of polyethylene glycol-ascorbic acid or 2 L of polyethylene glycol-ascorbic acid with orange juice in a single dose or a split dose. Tolerability, palatability score, willingness, and related adverse events were investigated by questionnaires. Bowel cleansing was rated using the Aronchick scale. Each score was graded on a 5-point scale. A total of 107 patients, 53 in the orange juice group and 54 in the polyethylene glycol-ascorbic acid group who underwent elective colonoscopy were enrolled. The palatability score (mean ± SD) was higher in the orange juice group than in the control group (2.36 ± 0.76 vs 1.78 ± 0.88; p = 0.005). Nausea was less frequent in the orange juice group (26.4% vs 59.3%; p = 0.001). Total amount of bowel preparation ingested was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.44). The bowel preparation score (mean ± SD) was not significantly different (1.49 ± 0.80 vs 1.43 ± 0.77; p = 0.94). Willingness to repeat the same process was higher in the orange juice group (90.4% vs 66.7%; p = 0.003). This study is limited because only ambulatory patients were enrolled. Orange juice intake before drinking 2 L of polyethylene glycol-ascorbic acid for colonoscopy can reduce patient discomfort, resulting in improved acceptability and patient compliance. This method is as effective for bowel cleansing as polyethylene glycol.

Orange juice-induced hyperkalemia in schizophrenia.

PubMed

Berk, David R; Conti, Paul M; Sommer, Barbara R

2004-01-01

Some fruit juices have very high potassium content. However, only several cases of juice-induced hyperkalemia have been reported that involved non-psychiatric, diabetic outpatients with renal compromise. We present a highly unusual case of a 66-year-old non-diabetic, schizophrenic woman with psychogenic polydipsia and normal renal function who developed hyperkalemia secondary to excessive orange juice consumption while an inpatient. In addition to demonstrating this previously undescribed medical comorbidity of schizophrenia, this case highlights the need for careful attention when communicating with both nursing and patients when managing psychogenic polydipsia.

Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and Developing Diagnostic Markers Linked to Orange Rust Resistance in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

PubMed Central

Yang, Xiping; Islam, Md. S.; Sood, Sushma; Maya, Stephanie; Hanson, Erik A.; Comstock, Jack; Wang, Jianping

2018-01-01

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop, contributing up to 80% of table sugar used in the world and has become a promising feedstock for biofuel production. Sugarcane production has been threatened by many diseases, and fungicide applications for disease control have been opted out for sustainable agriculture. Orange rust is one of the major diseases impacting sugarcane production worldwide. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and developing diagnostic markers are valuable for breeding programs to expedite release of superior sugarcane cultivars for disease control. In this study, an F1 segregating population derived from a cross between two hybrid sugarcane clones, CP95-1039 and CP88-1762, was evaluated for orange rust resistance in replicated trails. Three QTLs controlling orange rust resistance in sugarcane (qORR109, qORR4 and qORR102) were identified for the first time ever, which can explain 58, 12 and 8% of the phenotypic variation, separately. We also characterized 1,574 sugarcane putative resistance (R) genes. These sugarcane putative R genes and simple sequence repeats in the QTL intervals were further used to develop diagnostic markers for marker-assisted selection of orange rust resistance. A PCR-based Resistance gene-derived maker, G1 was developed, which showed significant association with orange rust resistance. The putative QTLs and marker developed in this study can be effectively utilized in sugarcane breeding programs to facilitate the selection process, thus contributing to the sustainable agriculture for orange rust disease control. PMID:29616061

Biohydrogen production from rotten orange with immobilized mixed culture: Effect of immobilization media for various composition of substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damayanti, Astrilia; Sarto, Syamsiah, Siti; Sediawan, Wahyudi B.

2015-12-01

Enriched-immobilized mixed culture was utilized to produce biohydrogen in mesophilic condition under anaerobic condition using rotten orange as substrate. The process was conducted in batch reactors for 100 hours. Microbial cultures from three different sources were subject to a series of enrichment and immobilized in two different types of media, i.e. calcium alginate (CA, 2%) and mixture of alginate and activated carbon (CAC, 1:1). The performance of immobilized culture in each media was tested for biohydrogen production using four different substrate compositions, namely orange meat (OM), orange meat added with peel (OMP), orange meat added with limonene (OML), and mixture of orange meat and peel added with limonene (OMPL). The results show that, with immobilized culture in CA, the variation of substrate composition gave significant effect on the production of biohydrogen. The highest production of biohydrogen was detected for substrate containing only orange meet, i.e. 2.5%, which was about 3-5 times higher than biohydrogen production from other compositions of substrate. The use of immobilized culture in CAC in general has increased the hydrogen production by 2-7 times depending on the composition of substrate, i.e. 5.4%, 4.8%, 5.1%, and 4.4% for OM, OMP, OML, and OMPL, respectively. The addition of activated carbon has eliminated the effect of inhibitory compounds in the substrate. The major soluble metabolites were acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.

Biohydrogen production from rotten orange with immobilized mixed culture: Effect of immobilization media for various composition of substrates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Damayanti, Astrilia, E-mail: liasholehasd@gmail.com; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281; Sarto,

Enriched–immobilized mixed culture was utilized to produce biohydrogen in mesophilic condition under anaerobic condition using rotten orange as substrate. The process was conducted in batch reactors for 100 hours. Microbial cultures from three different sources were subject to a series of enrichment and immobilized in two different types of media, i.e. calcium alginate (CA, 2%) and mixture of alginate and activated carbon (CAC, 1:1). The performance of immobilized culture in each media was tested for biohydrogen production using four different substrate compositions, namely orange meat (OM), orange meat added with peel (OMP), orange meat added with limonene (OML), and mixturemore » of orange meat and peel added with limonene (OMPL). The results show that, with immobilized culture in CA, the variation of substrate composition gave significant effect on the production of biohydrogen. The highest production of biohydrogen was detected for substrate containing only orange meet, i.e. 2.5%, which was about 3-5 times higher than biohydrogen production from other compositions of substrate. The use of immobilized culture in CAC in general has increased the hydrogen production by 2-7 times depending on the composition of substrate, i.e. 5.4%, 4.8%, 5.1%, and 4.4% for OM, OMP, OML, and OMPL, respectively. The addition of activated carbon has eliminated the effect of inhibitory compounds in the substrate. The major soluble metabolites were acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.« less

Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and Developing Diagnostic Markers Linked to Orange Rust Resistance in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.).

PubMed

Yang, Xiping; Islam, Md S; Sood, Sushma; Maya, Stephanie; Hanson, Erik A; Comstock, Jack; Wang, Jianping

2018-01-01

Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop, contributing up to 80% of table sugar used in the world and has become a promising feedstock for biofuel production. Sugarcane production has been threatened by many diseases, and fungicide applications for disease control have been opted out for sustainable agriculture. Orange rust is one of the major diseases impacting sugarcane production worldwide. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and developing diagnostic markers are valuable for breeding programs to expedite release of superior sugarcane cultivars for disease control. In this study, an F 1 segregating population derived from a cross between two hybrid sugarcane clones, CP95-1039 and CP88-1762, was evaluated for orange rust resistance in replicated trails. Three QTLs controlling orange rust resistance in sugarcane (qORR109, qORR4 and qORR102) were identified for the first time ever, which can explain 58, 12 and 8% of the phenotypic variation, separately. We also characterized 1,574 sugarcane putative resistance ( R ) genes. These sugarcane putative R genes and simple sequence repeats in the QTL intervals were further used to develop diagnostic markers for marker-assisted selection of orange rust resistance. A PCR-based Resistance gene-derived maker, G1 was developed, which showed significant association with orange rust resistance. The putative QTLs and marker developed in this study can be effectively utilized in sugarcane breeding programs to facilitate the selection process, thus contributing to the sustainable agriculture for orange rust disease control.

Double-burden of malnutrition among the indigenous peoples (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Wong, C Y; Zalilah, M S; Chua, E Y; Norhasmah, S; Chin, Y S; Siti Nur'Asyura, A

2015-07-21

Double-burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an emerging public health concern among the Orang Asli (indigenous peoples) of Peninsular Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the presence of DBM at the community and household levels in Orang Asli population and its associated demographic and socio-economic factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 Orang Asli villages surrounding the Krau Wildlife Reserve, Peninsular of Malaysia from October 2011 to January 2012. Of 438 households, a total of 981 adults and 304 children who met the study criteria agreed to participate. About 160 households were further selected with pairs of children aged 3-59 months and non-pregnant mothers aged 15-55 years. Demographic and socio-economic data were obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire while weight and height were measured using standard procedures. Double-burden of malnutrition was defined as overweight/obese mother-underweight child (OWOBM/UWC), overweight/obese mother-stunted child (OWOBM/STC) or overweight/obese mother-underweight or/and stunted child (OWOBM/UWSTC). Binary logistic regression identified the demographic and socio-economic factors associated with double-burden households. About 26 % of overweight and obese adults coexisting with high proportions of underweight (49%) and stunted (64%) children in these Orang Asli villages. There was a higher prevalence of households with OWOBM/UWSTC (20%) and OWOBM/STC (19.4%) than households with OWOBM/UWC (12.5%). Boys (P < 0.05), older age mothers (P < 0.05), mothers with higher education (P < 0.05) and households with income per capita less than USD 29.01 (RM 97.00) (P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds of OWOBM/STC. Jah Hut (P < 0.05) and higher number of children (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with lower odds of OWOBM/UWC. The occurrence of double-burden of malnutrition in Orang Asli population deserves attention. Poverty reduction, access to quality diet and

Comparison of acridine orange and Gram stains for detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical specimens.

PubMed Central

Lauer, B A; Reller, L B; Mirrett, S

1981-01-01

Acridine orange, a fluorochrome strain, is potentially superior to the Gram stain in the direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens because it gives striking differential staining between bacteria and background cells and debris. Its value in clinical laboratories was evaluated by testing 209 cerebrospinal fluids and 288 other body fluids, tissues, and exudates by both techniques. Smears were made in duplicate, fixed with methanol, stained, and examined without knowledge of the result of the companion smear or culture. Overall, acridine orange was slightly more sensitive than the Gram stain (acridine orange, 59.9%; Gram stain, 55.8%) and equally specific in detecting microorganisms. One smear was falsely positive by the Gram stain; none was falsely positive by the acridine orange stain. We conclude that acridine orange staining is a sensitive method for screening clinical specimens and reviewing selected specimens that are purulent, but negative by the Gram stain. Bloody fluids, thick exudates, and other normally difficult-to-read specimens were easily and quickly examined. We recommend, however, that positive smears be reexamined with the Gram stain to confirm the result and determine the Gram reaction of the microorganisms. PMID:6168652

Effects of organic fertilisation on sweet orange bearing trees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roccuzzo, Giancarlo; Torrisi, Biagio; Canali, Stefano; Intrigliolo, Francesco

2010-05-01

In a study realised over a five year period (2001-2006) on orange bearing trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] cv. ‘Valencia late', grafted on sour orange (C. aurantium L.), four fertiliser treatments were applied: citrus by-products compost (CB), poultry manure (PM), livestock waste compost (LW) and mineral fertiliser (MF), as control. The trees, with the exception of MF treatment, were organically grown since 1994 in the experimental farm of CRA-ACM in Lentini, Sicily, and received the same N input every year. The research objectives were to evaluate the effect of long term repeated organic fertilisers application on i) soil fertility; ii) citrus bearing trees nutritional status by means of leaf analysis and iii) yield and fruit quality, determining parameters currently utilized to evaluate sweet orange production either for fresh consumption and processing. The CB treatment showed significantly higher values of Corg in soil than MF treatment (about 30%). Corg in PM and LW treatments was higher than MF treatment (13% and 20%, respectively), but these differences were not statistically significant either from the control treatment nor from the soil fertilised with CB. Similar trend was showed by the humic and fulvic C being the values of the CB treatment significantly higher than the control. PM and LW treatments had intermediate values, without statistical significance. The long term addition to soil of a quality compost (CB) with high C/N ratio increased the level of nutrients wich usually show low availability for citrus plants (P, Fe, Zn, Mn), as demonstrated by leaf analysis. No significant difference was noticed as far as yield was concerned, whereas CB treatment enhanced some fruit quality parameters.

Orange juice affects acylcarnitine metabolism in healthy volunteers as revealed by a mass-spectrometry based metabolomics approach.

PubMed

Moreira, Vanessa; Brasili, Elisa; Fiamoncini, Jarlei; Marini, Federico; Miccheli, Alfredo; Daniel, Hannelore; Lee, Jennifer Ji Hye; Hassimotto, Neuza Mariko Aymoto; Lajolo, Franco Maria

2018-05-01

Citrus juices, especially orange juice, constitute rich sources of bioactive compounds with a wide range of health-promoting activities. Data from epidemiological and in vitro studies suggest that orange juice (OJ) may have a positive impact on lipid metabolism. However, the effect of orange juice intake on blood lipid profile is still poorly understood. We have used two different blood samples, Dried Blood Spots (DBS) and plasma, to assess the effect of two-week orange juice consumption in healthy volunteers by a mass-spectrometry based metabolomics approach. DBS were analysed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and plasma samples were analysed by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). One hundred sixty-nine lipids including acylcarnitines (AC), lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPC), (diacyl- and acyl-alkyl-) phosphatidylcholines (PC aa and PC ae) and sphingomyelins (SM) were identified and quantified in DBS. Eighteen fatty acids were identified and quantified in plasma. Multivariate analysis allowed to identify an increase in C3:1, C5-DC(C6-OH), C5-M-DC, C5:1-DC, C8, C12-DC, lysoPC18:3, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitoleic and palmitic acid and a decrease in nervonic acid, C0, C2, C10, C10:1, C16:1, C16-OH, C16:1-OH, C18-OH, PC aa C40:4, PC ae C38:4, PC ae C42:3, PC ae C42:4 and cholesterol levels after orange juice intake. A two-week period of orange juice intake could affect fatty acids β-oxidation through mitochondrial and peroxisomal pathways, leading to an increase of short-chain acylcarnitines and a decrease of medium and long-chain acylcarnitines. This is the first report analyzing the effect of orange juice intake in healthy volunteers using a dried blood spot-based metabolomics approach. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Addition of Orange Pomace to Orange Juice Attenuates the Increases in Peak Glucose and Insulin Concentrations after Sequential Meal Ingestion in Men with Elevated Cardiometabolic Risk.

PubMed

Dong, Honglin; Rendeiro, Catarina; Kristek, Angelika; Sargent, Laura J; Saunders, Caroline; Harkness, Laura; Rowland, Ian; Jackson, Kim G; Spencer, Jeremy Pe; Lovegrove, Julie A

2016-06-01

Prospective cohort studies show that higher dietary fiber intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk, yet the impact on postprandial glucose and insulin responses is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of orange beverages with differing fiber concentrations on postprandial glycemic responses (secondary outcome measure) after a sequential breakfast and lunch challenge in men with increased cardiometabolic risk. Thirty-six men (aged 30-65 y; body mass index 25-30 kg/m(2): fasting triacylglycerol or total cholesterol concentrations: 0.8-2.2 or 6.0-8.0 mmol/L, respectively) were provided with a high-fat mixed breakfast and were randomly assigned to consume 240 mL Tropicana (PepsiCo, Inc.) pure premium orange juice without pulp (OJ), OJ with 5.5 g added orange pomace fiber (OPF), juice made from lightly blended whole orange, or an isocaloric sugar-matched control (Control) on 4 occasions separated by 2 wk. A medium-fat mixed lunch was provided at 330 min. Blood samples were collected before breakfast and on 11 subsequent occasions for 420 min (3 time points postlunch) to determine postprandial glucose, insulin, lipid, and inflammatory biomarker responses. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for data analysis. OPF significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the maximal change in glucose concentrations (1.9 ± 0.21 mmol/L) reached after breakfast compared with other treatments (2.3-2.4 mmol/L) and after lunch (3.0 ± 0.05 mmol/L) compared with OJ (3.6 ± 0.05 mmol/L). The maximal change in insulin concentration (313 ± 25 pmol/L) was also lower compared with Control (387 ± 30 pmol/L) and OJ (418 ± 39 pmol/L) after breakfast. OPF significantly delayed the time to reach the peak glucose concentration compared with Control and OJ, and of insulin compared with Control after breakfast. OPF consumed with breakfast may lower postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to typical meal ingestion in men with increased cardiometabolic risk. This trial is

Effect of temperature and some added compounds on the stability of blood orange marmalade.

PubMed

Licciardello, Fabio; Muratore, Giuseppe

2011-09-01

Jams and marmalades are often wrongly believed to be stable products, as the degradation of pigments such as anthocyanins, browning reactions, and the formation of sugar degradation products may occur during storage. The paper aims at studying some of the degradation reactions occurring in blood orange marmalade stored at 20 °C and 35 °C. The addition of natural (tea extract) and naturally occurring (ascorbic acid, cysteine, gallic acid) compounds to marmalade was addressed at investigating the possible effect on retarding such phenomena. Results highlight the dependence of anthocyans and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) levels on the storage temperature. Marmalades added with cysteine, unlike the samples added with phenol compounds, showed higher anthocyans and lower HMF levels just after processing, together with a reduced anthocyan loss kinetics and a slowdown of HMF formation during storage at both temperatures. Transformation of blood oranges into marmalade represents an alternative to fresh market in periods when the high availability of the citrus causes the collapse of prices. Blood orange marmalade is characterized by a high nutritional value, however, it is not widely distributed yet. Its storability is limited by color and organoleptic changes that influence consumers' acceptance. The optimization of blood orange marmalade preparation could help producers improve storability and widen distribution. © 2011 Institute of Food Technologists®

Antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compound stability of lentil-orange peel powder blend in an extrusion process.

PubMed

Rathod, Rahul P; Annapure, Uday S

2017-03-01

Lentil contains substantial amount of protein, carbohydrate, fibre and other nutrients and orange peels powder rich in carbohydrate and fiber content The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of extrusion processing parameter on the level of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content and antioxidant activity of lentil-orange peel powder blend, also to investigate the possibility of blend as a candidate for production of protein rich extruded product by using response surface methodology. It was observed that, the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of lentil-orange peel based extrudate were highly dependent on process variables. The blend of lentil and orange peel powder has a huge potential for extrusion to produce ready-to-eat extruded with good acceptance. The overall best quality product was optimized and obtained at 16% moisture, 150 °C die temperature and 200 rpm screw speed. Extrusion process increased nutritional value of extruded product with TPC and TFC of 70.4 and 67.62% respectively and antioxidant activity of 60.6%. It showed higher stability at 150 °C with intermediate feed moisture content and despite the use of high temperatures in the extrusion-cooking is possible to minimize the loss of bioactive compounds to achieve products. Thus, results indicated that blend of lentil and orange peel may be used as raw material for the production of extruded snacks with great nutritional value.

Photoluminescence properties of a new orange-red-emitting Sm(3+)-La3SbO7 phosphor.

PubMed

Li, Zeng-Mei; Deng, Li-Gang; Zhao, Shan-Cang; Zhang, Shu-Qiu; Guo, Chang-Ying; Liang, Jing-Yun; Yue, Hui; Wan, Chun-Yan

2016-03-01

The antimonate compound La3SbO7 has high chemical stability, lattice stiffness and thermal stability. Orange-red-emitting antimonate-based phosphors La3SbO7:xSm(3+) (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) were synthesized. The phase structure and photoluminescence properties of these phosphors were investigated. The emission spectrum obtained on excitation at 407 nm contained exclusively the characteristic emissions of Sm(3+) at 568, 608, 654 and 716 nm, which correspond to the transitions from (4)G5/2 to (6)H5/2, (6)H7/2, (6)H9/2 and (6)H11/2 of Sm(3+), respectively. The strongest emission was located at 608 nm due to the (4)G5/2→(6)H7/2 transition of Sm(3+), generating bright orange-red light. The critical quenching concentration of Sm(3+) in La3SbO7:Sm(3+) phosphor was determined as 10% and the energy transfer between Sm(3+) was found to be through an exchange interaction. The International Commission on Illumination chromaticity coordinates of the La3SbO7:0.10Sm(3+) phosphors are located in the orange-red region. The La3SbO7:Sm(3+) phosphors may be potentially used as red phosphors for white light-emitting diodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Magnetic studies on Layered solid solution Lix(Ni0.4Mn0.6)2-xO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakao, K.; Nakamura, T.; Yamada, Y.; Koshiba, N.

2011-05-01

Lix(Ni0.4Mn0.6)2-xO2 (1.09<=x<=1.23) were prepared by the solid-state reaction using LiOH and coprecipitated mixed hydroxide as raw materials. All the compounds have a layered rock-salt structure, and the cation mixing degree (Ni2+ occupancy in the Li-layer) decreases with an increase in x. From the low-temperature magnetic measurement, they all have negative Weiss temperature and spontaneous magnetization, that is, they are ferromagnetic materials. Both the Curie temperature and the spontaneous magnetization at 4.2K decrease with an increase in x. These magnetic variations are attributed to the lowering of the cation mixing degree: the magnetic interaction network turns to two-dimensional one with the loss of the inert-layer coupling. These situations may be considered semi-quantitatively using the ferromagnetic cluster model. Additionally, the cation mixing degree has an influence on their electrochemical properties such as cycle fading and rate capability.

76 FR 30197 - Orange Juice From Brazil; Notice of Commission Determination To Conduct a Full Five-Year Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1089 (Review)] Orange Juice From Brazil; Notice of Commission Determination To Conduct a Full Five-Year Review Concerning the Antidumping Duty Orderon Orange Juice From Brazil AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice...

21 CFR 74.2261 - D&C Orange No. 11.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 11. 74.2261 Section 74.2261 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2260 - D&C Orange No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 10. 74.2260 Section 74.2260 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

Risky Business: An Analysis of Orange County's Investment Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Augustine, John H.; Fairclough, Scott

1996-01-01

The investment strategy of Orange County (California), which led to insolvency of its investment pool, is analyzed and lessons applicable to institutions of higher education are examined. Focus is on two elements: leveraged investment strategy that depended on stable or declining interest rates, and a liquidity crisis. It is concluded that…

Dropout Prevention Initiatives for Malaysian Indigenous Orang Asli Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nor, Sharifah Md; Roslan, Samsilah; Mohamed, Aminuddin; Hassan, Kamaruddin Hj. Abu; Ali, Mohamad Azhar Mat; Manaf, Jaimah Abdul

2011-01-01

This paper discusses dropout prevention initiatives by the Malaysian government for the disadvantaged indigenous Orang Asli people in the rural villages of Peninsular Malaysia. The roles of the Ministry of Education (MOE) as well as the Institutes of Teacher Education (ITEs) are highlighted pertaining to efforts at improving the quality of…

Calibrated photostimulated luminescence is an effective approach to identify irradiated orange during storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jo, Yunhee; Sanyal, Bhaskar; Chung, Namhyeok; Lee, Hyun-Gyu; Park, Yunji; Park, Hae-Jun; Kwon, Joong-Ho

2015-06-01

Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) has been employed as a fast screening method for various irradiated foods. In this study the potential use of PSL was evaluated to identify oranges irradiated with gamma ray, electron beam and X-ray (0-2 kGy) and stored under different conditions for 6 weeks. The effects of light conditions (natural light, artificial light, and dark) and storage temperatures (4 and 20 °C) on PSL photon counts (PCs) during post-irradiation periods were studied. Non-irradiated samples always showed negative values of PCs, while irradiated oranges exhibited intermediate results after first PSL measurements. However, the irradiated samples had much higher PCs. The PCs of all the samples declined as the storage time increased. Calibrated second PSL measurements showed PSL ratio <10 for the irradiated samples after 3 weeks of irradiation confirming their irradiation status in all the storage conditions. Calibrated PSL and sample storage in dark at 4 °C were found out to be most suitable approaches to identify irradiated oranges during storage.

Effects of Orange II and Sudan III azo dyes and their metabolites on Staphylococcus aureus

PubMed Central

Pan, Hongmiao; Feng, Jinhui; Cerniglia, Carl E.

2018-01-01

Azo dyes are widely used in the plastic, paper, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Some metabolites of these dyes are potentially genotoxic. The toxic effects of azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1556 were studied. When the cultures were incubated with 6, 18, and 36 μg/ml of Orange II and Sudan III for 48 h, 76.3, 68.5, and 61.7% of Orange II and 97.8, 93.9, and 75.8% of Sudan III were reduced by the bacterium, respectively. In the presence of 36 μg/ml Sudan III, the cell viability of the bacterium decreased to 61.9% after 48 h of incubation, whereas the cell viability of the control culture without the dye was 71.5%. Moreover, the optical density of the bacterial cultures at 10 h decreased from 0.74 to 0.55, indicating that Sudan III is able to inhibit growth of the bacterium. However, Orange II had no significant effects on either cell growth or cell viability of the bacterium at the tested concentrations. 1-Amino-2-naphthol, a metabolite common to Orange II and Sudan III, was capable of inhibiting cell growth of the bacterium at 1 μg/ml and completely stopped bacterial cell growth at 24–48 μg/ml. On the other hand, the other metabolites of Orange II and Sudan III, namely sulfanilic acid, p-phenylenediamine, and aniline, showed no significant effects on cell growth. p-Phenylenediamine exhibited a synergistic effect with 1-amino-2-naphthol on cell growth inhibition. All of the dye metabolites had no significant effects on cell viability of the bacterium. PMID:21451978

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus is present in orange jasmine and Asian citrus psyllid reared from jasmine at low titers

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata, is a common horticultural plant in Florida, and an alternate host of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Orange jasmine has also been reported to harbor the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of huanglongbing disease. We ...

75 FR 69917 - Certain Orange Juice From Brazil; Notice of Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-351-840] Certain Orange Juice From Brazil; Notice of Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative... antidumping duty order on certain orange juice from Brazil. See Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing...

76 FR 65496 - Certain Orange Juice From Brazil; Notice of Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-351-840] Certain Orange Juice From Brazil; Notice of Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative... antidumping duty order on certain orange juice from Brazil. See Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing...

Chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of juice from steamed cashew apple blended with orange juice.

PubMed

Inyang, U E; Abah, U J

1997-01-01

Fully riped cashew apples (yellow variety) were steamed for 7 minutes prior to juice extraction. The extracted juice was blended with various proportions of sweet orange juice. Chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation were carried out on both the blended and unblended juices. The ascorbic acid content of unsteamed cashew apple juice was 287 mg/100 ml. Steaming of the cashew apple prior to juice extraction resulted in a decreased (230 mg/100 ml) content of ascorbic acid. It also led to slight decreases in soluble solids and titratable acidity. A comparison of the chemical composition of the two juices showed that the orange juice contained more sugars, titratable acidity and soluble solids but less ascorbic acid than cashew apple juice. Consequently, the soluble solids, titratable acidity, reducing and total sugars of the blends increased with increase in the proportions of orange juice while the content of ascorbic acid was decreasing. In spite of the decrease in ascorbic acid content of the blends, results showed that blended juice would no doubt be a very good source of ascorbic acid. Result of the organoleptic evaluation revealed that a 60% cashew apple and 40% orange juice gave a good quality juice in terms of flavor, after taste and overall acceptability.

A proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts isolated from sweet orange fruits [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck].

PubMed

Zeng, Yunliu; Pan, Zhiyong; Ding, Yuduan; Zhu, Andan; Cao, Hongbo; Xu, Qiang; Deng, Xiuxin

2011-11-01

Here, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts purified from sweet orange using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation is reported. A GeLC-MS/MS shotgun approach was used to identify the proteins of pooled chromoplast samples. A total of 493 proteins were identified from purified chromoplasts, of which 418 are putative plastid proteins based on in silico sequence homology and functional analyses. Based on the predicted functions of these identified plastid proteins, a large proportion (∼60%) of the chromoplast proteome of sweet orange is constituted by proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid/protein synthesis, and secondary metabolism. Of note, HDS (hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase), PAP (plastid-lipid-associated protein), and psHSPs (plastid small heat shock proteins) involved in the synthesis or storage of carotenoid and stress response are among the most abundant proteins identified. A comparison of chromoplast proteomes between sweet orange and tomato suggested a high level of conservation in a broad range of metabolic pathways. However, the citrus chromoplast was characterized by more extensive carotenoid synthesis, extensive amino acid synthesis without nitrogen assimilation, and evidence for lipid metabolism concerning jasmonic acid synthesis. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into the major metabolic pathways as well as some unique characteristics of the sweet orange chromoplasts at the whole proteome level.

Terpene Down-Regulation Triggers Defense Responses in Transgenic Orange Leading to Resistance against Fungal Pathogens1[W

PubMed Central

Rodríguez, Ana; Shimada, Takehiko; Cervera, Magdalena; Alquézar, Berta; Gadea, José; Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio; De Ollas, Carlos José; Rodrigo, María Jesús; Zacarías, Lorenzo; Peña, Leandro

2014-01-01

Terpenoid volatiles are isoprene compounds that are emitted by plants to communicate with the environment. In addition to their function in repelling herbivores and attracting carnivorous predators in green tissues, the presumed primary function of terpenoid volatiles released from mature fruits is the attraction of seed-dispersing animals. Mature oranges (Citrus sinensis) primarily accumulate terpenes in peel oil glands, with d-limonene accounting for approximately 97% of the total volatile terpenes. In a previous report, we showed that down-regulation of a d-limonene synthase gene alters monoterpene levels in orange antisense (AS) fruits, leading to resistance against Penicillium digitatum infection. A global gene expression analysis of AS versus empty vector (EV) transgenic fruits revealed that the down-regulation of d-limonene up-regulated genes involved in the innate immune response. Basal levels of jasmonic acid were substantially higher in the EV compared with AS oranges. Upon fungal challenge, salicylic acid levels were triggered in EV samples, while jasmonic acid metabolism and signaling were drastically increased in AS orange peels. In nature, d-limonene levels increase in orange fruit once the seeds are fully viable. The inverse correlation between the increase in d-limonene content and the decrease in the defense response suggests that d-limonene promotes infection by microorganisms that are likely involved in facilitating access to the pulp for seed-dispersing frugivores. PMID:24192451

Are orange lollies effective in preventing nausea and vomiting related to dimethyl sulfoxide? A multicenter randomized trial.

PubMed

Gonella, Silvia; Berchialla, Paola; Bruno, Benedetto; Di Giulio, Paola

2014-09-01

Nausea and vomiting (NV) related to DMSO affect patients undergoing auto-SCT despite antiemetic measures. Orange flavoring may reduce gastrointestinal symptoms. A multicenter, randomized, three-arm, open-label trial in four Italian large bone marrow transplant centers was conducted to assess the effectiveness of orange aroma in preventing NV related to DMSO. Patients were randomized to orange ice lollies, non-citrus ice lollies, and routine treatment (deep breaths) during reinfusion. Data on NV were collected up to 5 days after infusion; 69/98 patients were randomized: 23 to orange, 21 to non-citrus ice lollies, and 25 to routine treatment. Although 48 h after transplantation no differences were observed in controlled nausea (Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 0-100, ≤25) or vomiting, significantly fewer patients had no episodes of vomiting, no antiemetic rescue therapy, and no nausea (NRS <5) in the deep breath vs lollies groups (P = 0.017). The intensity of nausea over time differed significantly between ice lollies vs routine care (P = 0.001) groups, but not between the orange and non-citrus groups (P = 0.428). The vasoconstrictive action of ice may prevent NV related to DMSO in the acute phase and reduce the need for rescue antiemetic therapy. Ice lollies offer a simple, noninvasive, and economic means for relieving nausea and vomiting related to this preservative.

Acoustic Characteristics of Long Calls Produced by Male Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii): Advertising Individual Identity, Context, and Travel Direction.

PubMed

Askew, James A; Morrogh-Bernard, Helen C

2016-01-01

Acoustic characteristics and context of the long-distance call of male orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) were examined in a population of orang-utans from Central Kalimantan, Borneo. Male orang-utans produced long calls under different circumstances, including calls made spontaneously, in response to conspecifics, when accompanied by a snag crash and when travelling with a female. It was shown by acoustic analyses that there was individual discrimination between the male's calls, discrimination between the calls made under different contexts, and between calls from one individual from different years, which coincided with a change in his dominance status. We also confirm that flanged male orang-utans advertise their intended travel route, by long calling in the direction of their travel. If other orang-utans (males and females) within ear shot of the caller can identify the caller from their long call, and even obtain information about the context and status of the individual, they can then therefore choose whether to approach or avoid them. Thus, males seem to be using their long call to announce their presence, allowing them to orient themselves spatially to other orang-utans, and, potentially, to co-ordinate a network of loose associations between both males and females in the area. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Improvement of Sol-Gel Derived PbZrxTi1-xO3 Film Properties Using Thermal Press Treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaneda, Toshihiko; Kim, Joo-Nam; Tokumitsu, Eisuke; Shimoda, Tatsuya

2010-09-01

A thermal press treatment was introduced in the sol-gel process of PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) thin films for the first time and the crystalline and electrical characteristics of the PZT films were investigated. The thermal press treatment was applied to the amorphous PZT gel film before crystallization annealing. It is found that the crystalline orientation and grain size of the PZT film fabricated with the thermal press treatment are different from those of the film fabricated by the conventional sol-gel process without the thermal press treatment, even though the crystallization conditions are exactly the same. It is demonstrated that the electrical properties, especially leakage current density and breakdown field, are significantly improved for the PZT film fabricated with the thermal press treatment. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that the fatigue property is improved by introducing the thermal press treatment.

21 CFR 74.2254 - D&C Orange No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 4. 74.2254 Section 74.2254 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR... coloring externally applied cosmetics in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. (c) Labeling...

21 CFR 74.2255 - D&C Orange No. 5.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 5. 74.2255 Section 74.2255 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR... coloring mouthwashes and dentifrices that are ingested cosmetics in amounts consistent with current good...

21 CFR 74.2255 - D&C Orange No. 5.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false D&C Orange No. 5. 74.2255 Section 74.2255 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF COLOR... coloring mouthwashes and dentifrices that are ingested cosmetics in amounts consistent with current good...

Reduction of salmonella on valencia oranges by cold plasma treatment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Orange juice has been the source of recurrent food borne illness outbreaks, primarily associated with Salmonella. There is a need for antimicrobial interventions which can effectively eliminate pathogens from fruit surfaces and reduce the risk of cross-contamination during peeling and processing. To...

Hesperidin displays relevant role in the nutrigenomic effect of orange juice on blood leukocytes in human volunteers: a randomized controlled cross-over study.

PubMed

Milenkovic, Dragan; Deval, Christiane; Dubray, Claude; Mazur, Andrzej; Morand, Christine

2011-01-01

We previously showed, in healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreases diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. The objective was to determine the effect of chronic consumption of orange juice on the gene expression profile of leukocytes in healthy volunteers and to assess to what extent hesperidin is involved in the effect of orange juice. Volunteers were included in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Throughout three 4-week periods, volunteers consumed daily: 500 ml orange juice, 500 ml control drink plus hesperidin or 500 ml control drink and placebo. Blood samplings were performed on 10 overnight-fasted subjects after the 4-week treatment period. Global gene expression profiles were determined using human whole genome cDNA microarrays. Both orange juice and hesperidin consumption significantly affected leukocyte gene expression. Orange juice consumption induced changes in expression of, 3,422 genes, while hesperidin intake modulated the expression of 1,819 genes. Between the orange juice and hesperidin consumption groups, 1,582 regulated genes were in common. Many of these genes are implicated in chemotaxis, adhesion, infiltration and lipid transport, which is suggestive of lower recruitment and infiltration of circulating cells to vascular wall and lower lipid accumulation. This study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin displays a relevant role in the genomic effect of this beverage. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00983086.

ORANGES evaluation test plans : analysis of before data collected for the US DOT sponsored evaluation of the ORANGES electronic payment systems field operational test

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-10-02

This document is one of a series of working papers that report on progress for the US DOT evaluation for Phase I of the ORANGES field operational test. Each working paper corresponds to a Phase I task. At the conclusion of Phase I, these documents wi...

Marked antioxidant effect of orange juice intake and its phytomicronutrients in a preliminary randomized cross-over trial on mild hypercholesterolemic men.

PubMed

Constans, Joël; Bennetau-Pelissero, Catherine; Martin, Jean-François; Rock, Edmond; Mazur, Andrzej; Bedel, Aurélie; Morand, Christine; Bérard, Annie M

2015-12-01

Blond orange juice is the most consumed fruit juice in the world. It is a source of hesperidin, a bioavailable flavonoid reported to exhibit potential vascular protective actions. However, the specific impact on vascular function of Citrus phytomicronutrients, is unknown. For the first time, we investigated the effects of blond orange juice compared with a control beverage mimicking the composition of orange juice (including Vitamin C but no phytomicronutrients), on antioxidant markers, cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial function. Twenty five male volunteers with two cardiovascular risk factors (age over 50 years and LDL-cholesterol between 130 and 190 mg/L) were enrolled in a randomized cross-over study. They received 3 times daily 200 mL of either blond orange juice or control beverage for 4 weeks, spaced by a 5-week wash-out. Endothelial function (flow mediated dilatation and plasma markers), oxidative status, lipid profile and inflammatory markers were assessed. Daily intakes of orange juice significantly led to a marked antioxidant effect which was correlated to hesperetin plasma levels and related with a decrease in reactive oxygen species. A tendency towards reduction of endothelial dysfunction and modest increase in plasma apoA-I concentration were also observed. This allows further experiments demonstrating the specific effect of phytomicronutrients from orange juice. These findings suggest that daily intake of nutritionally relevant dose of blond orange juice may contribute for a significant antioxidant effect through the phytochemicals contained in. Orange juice may be associated to other healthy foods to achieve a significant effect on the vascular function. This study is recorded in ClinicalTrials.com as NCT00539916. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Carotene and novel apocarotenoid concentrations in orange-fleshed Cucumis melo melons: determinations of beta-carotene bioaccessability and bioavailability

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Muskmelons, both cantaloupe (Cucumis melo Reticulatus Group) and orange-fleshed honey dew (C. melo Inodorus Group), a cross between orange-fleshed cantaloupe and green-fleshed honey dew, are excellent sources of ß-carotene. Although ß-carotene from melon is an important dietary antioxidant and precu...

High voltage electrical discharges combined with enzymatic hydrolysis for extraction of polyphenols and fermentable sugars from orange peels.

PubMed

El Kantar, Sally; Boussetta, Nadia; Rajha, Hiba N; Maroun, Richard G; Louka, Nicolas; Vorobiev, Eugène

2018-05-01

Orange peels are a biomass rich in carbohydrates and polyphenols and characterized by their low lignin content. This work focuses on finding the best combination between physical and biological treatments to enhance the extraction of fermentable sugars and polyphenols. High voltage electrical discharges (HVED) (0 to 900 kJ/kg) or enzymatic hydrolysis with Viscozyme® L (12 FBGU/g) were applied on fresh or defatted orange peels for the extraction of polyphenols and fermentable sugars. An HVED energy input of 222 kJ/kg was optimal for the extraction of reducing sugars (19 g/100 g DM) and polyphenols (0.7 g/100 g DM). However, enzymatic hydrolysis allowed a higher extraction of reducing sugars (50 g/100 g DM). HVED were then applied prior or simultaneously to enzymatic hydrolysis to maximize the extraction of biomolecules from orange peels. Thus, the results clearly showed that the HVED pretreatment of orange peels is efficient to enhance the accessibility of cellulosic biomass to enzymes. HVED (222 kJ/kg) prior to enzymatic hydrolysis (12 FBGU/g), was the most effective combination of these two processes to get an intensive extraction of biomolecules from orange peels. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto Kenya tea pulps; granulated shape

PubMed Central

Naraghi, Behnaz; Zabihi, Fahimeh; Narooie, Mohammad Reza; Saeidi, Mahdi; Biglari, Hamed

2017-01-01

Background and Aim Water resources pollution control is one of the main challenges of our time for researchers. Colored wastewater discharges caused by textile industry activities has added to the concern. In this study, removal of Acid Orange 7 dye (AO7) using Kenya Tea residue absorbent (granular) has been studied. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. In this work, initially, tea residue was prepared in three forms of raw, treated with concentrated phosphoric acid, and carbonated, at temperatures of 350, 450 and 500 °C in the chemistry laboratory of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Then, efficiency of the above absorbents in the removal of Acid Orange 7 dye in initial concentrations of dye as 50–500 mg/l from water samples in terms of pH 2–10 and 1–10 g/l of adsorbent dose within 20 to 300 minutes was investigated. In addition, their subordination from Langmuir and Freundlich absorption isotherms was also determined. Concentration changes in Acid Orange 7 dye at a wavelength of 483 nm was determined by spectrophotometry and results were reported using descriptive statistics. Results Results showed that efficiency of Acid Orange 7 dye removal is higher in acidic pH and higher adsorbent dosage. The highest efficiency of Acid Orange 7 dye removal was 98.41% by raw tea residue absorbent at pH 2, reaction time was 120 minutes and initial concentration of dye was 50 mg/l, which was obtained at adsorbent dosage of 10 g/l. It was determined that the mechanism of absorption acceptably follows Freundlich absorption isotherm (R2=0.97). Conclusion Due to the availability and very low price, optimal performance of Kenya tea raw residue (granular) in Acid Orange 7 dye removal, it can be used as an efficient surface absorber in an absorber from colored wastewater. PMID:28713501

Preliminary screening oxidative degradation methyl orange using ozone/ persulfate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aqilah Razali, Nur; Zulzikrami Azner Abidin, Che; An, Ong Soon; Ridwan, Fahmi Muhammad; Haqi Ibrahim, Abdul; Nasuha Sabri, Siti; Huan Kow, Su

2018-03-01

The present study focusing on the performances of advanced oxidation process by using ozonation method towards Methyl Orange based on the efficiency of colour removal and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. Factorial design with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interaction between operational conditions, such as pH, initial concentration, contact time and persulfate dosage to obtain the optimum range conditions using a semi-batch reactor. The range of independent variables investigated were pH (3-11), initial concentration (100-500mg/L), contact time (10-50min) and persulfate dosage (20-100mM) while the response variables were colour removal and COD removal of Methyl Orange. The experimental results and statistical analysis showed all the parameters were significant. Thus, from this findings, optimization of operational conditions that had been suggested from the ozone/persulfate RSM analysis were (pH 3, 100 mg/L, 50min, 60mM) that would be produced 99% Colour Removal and 80% COD Removal and help in promoting an efficient ozonation process. The effect list data that showed the most contributed effects to increase the percentages of colour removal were pH and persulfate dosage whereas the contact time and initial concentration had the highest positive effects on the COD removal. Other than that, the interaction between pH, contact time and persulfate dosage were found to be the most influencing interaction. Therefore the least influencing interaction was interaction between persulfate dosage and pH. In this study, the correlation coefficient value R2 for colour removal and COD removal of Methyl Orange were R2= 0.9976 and R2= 0.9924 which suggested a good fit of the first-order regression model with the experimental data.

Dietary diversity is associated with nutritional status of Orang Asli children in Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang.

PubMed

Ey Chua, E Y; Zalilah, M S; Ys Chin, Y S; Norhasmah, S

2012-04-01

It is known that dietary diversity improves diet quality and nutritional status of young children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status of Orang Asli children in Krau Wildlife Reserve. A total of 216 children from three Orang Asli sub-tribes (Jah Hut, Temuan and Che Wong) aged 1 to 6 years from 162 households in 16 villages participated in this cross-sectional study. Children and mothers were measured for body weight and height. Mothers were interviewed for household socio-demographic information and diet diversity of children in the last 7 days. Diet diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on 15 food groups. There was a high prevalence of underweight (50.9%) and stunting (61.6%) in Orang Asli children. For mothers, 11.1%, 27.8% and 7.4% were underweight, overweight and obese, respectively. Mean DDS of children was 6.38 [95% CI-6.10, 6.65] of the possible 15. Higher DDS of children was significantly related to older age (p < 0.05), the non Jahut sub-tribe (p < 0.01) and longer maternal years of schooling (p < 0.05). DDS was also positively related to weight-for-age z-scores (p < 0.001) and height-for-age z-scores (p < 0.05). Undernutrition remains a major nutrition problem among Orang Asli children living within the forest reserve. Efforts to promote dietary diversity should emphasise traditional and nutritious foods that could improve health and nutritional status of the Orang Asli children.

Microbial inhibitory and radical scavenging activities of cold-pressed terpeneless Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) oil in different dispersing agents.

PubMed

Chalova, Vesela I; Crandall, Philip G; Ricke, Steven C

2010-04-15

Due to their low solubility in water, oil-based bioactive compounds require dispersion in a surface-active agent or appropriate solvents to ensure maximum contact with microorganisms. These combinations, however, may change their physical and/or chemical characteristics and consequently alter the desired functionality. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of selected dispersing agents, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Tween-80, on cold-pressed terpeneless (CPT) Valencia orange oil to function as a free radical scavenger and an antimicrobial food additive. When dissolved in ethanol or DMSO, the orange oil fraction had similar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19 115 (0.3% and 0.25% v/v respectively), which were significantly lower (P orange oil (up to 3%) in an aqueous solution of 0.1% Tween-80 yielded no inhibitory activities against any of the test bacteria. However, the 1% natural orange oil dispersed in Tween-80 exhibited 56.86% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition versus 18.37% and 16.60% when the same level of orange oil was dissolved in DMSO or ethanol, respectively. At the same orange oil concentration, the oil/Tween-80 suspension yielded 57.92% neutralization of hydroxyl radicals. This represents 71.37% of the mannitol antioxidant activity, which was used as a positive control. These findings suggest that Tween-80 is an appropriate dispersing agent only if the antioxidant functionality is desired. If both antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are needed, the CPT Valencia orange oil should be dispersed in either DMSO or ethanol. (c) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry.

Survival of human norovirus surrogates in milk, orange, and pomegranate juice, and juice blends at refrigeration (4 °C).

PubMed

Horm, Katie Marie; D'Souza, Doris Helen

2011-08-01

Fresh fruits, juices, and beverages have been implicated in human noroviral and hepatitis A virus outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of human norovirus surrogates (murine norovirus, MNV-1; feline calicivirus, FCV-F9; and bacteriophage MS2) in juices (orange and pomegranate juices), juice blends (pomegranate and orange juice) and milk over 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days at refrigeration (4 °C). Juices, juice blends, and milk were inoculated with each virus over 21 days, serially diluted in cell culture media, and plaque assayed. MNV-1 showed no reduction in titer after 21 days in orange juice and milk, but moderate reduction (1.4 log) in pomegranate juice from a titer of 5 log(10) PFU/ml. However, MNV-1 was completely reduced after 7 days in the orange and pomegranate juice blend. FCV-F9 from a titer of 6 log(10) PFU/ml was completely reduced after 14 days in orange as well as pomegranate juice and by ∼ 3 logs after 21 days in milk at 4 °C. Interestingly, FCV-F9 was completely reduced after 1 day in the orange and pomegranate juice blend at 4 °C. MS2 was reduced by ∼ 1.28 log after 21 days in orange juice from a titer of 6 log(10) PFU/ml, and <1 log after 21 days in milk or pomegranate juice, with juice blends showing minimal reduction (<1 log) after 21 days at 4 °C. These results show the survival pattern of noroviruses that aid in the transmission of foodborne viral outbreaks. The data obtained can be used in quantitative viral risk assessment studies and to develop improved measures to prevent virus survival towards controlling outbreaks. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Dowel bar retrofit evaluation, district 12, Orange County, Interstate 405

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-09-01

A dowel bar retrofit project on Interstate 405 near Irvine in Orange County began to exhibit sights of failure in the bond between the existing concrete and the backfill grout in the dowel bar slots. It was requested the Office of Rigid Pavement and ...

Spread, genetic variation and methods for the detection of Puccinia kuehnii, the causal agent of sugarcane orange rust.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sugarcane is susceptible to infection by two rust pathogens, Puccinia melanocephala and P. kuehnii, causing brown and orange rust, respectively. Orange rust of sugarcane was first reported in the Western hemisphere in Florida in July 2007. The pathogen was found to be distributed widely throughout t...

Blue, green, orange, and red upconversion laser

DOEpatents

Xie, Ping; Gosnell, Timothy R.

1998-01-01

A laser for outputting visible light at the wavelengths of blue, green, orange and red light. This is accomplished through the doping of a substrate, such as an optical fiber or waveguide, with Pr.sup.3+ ions and Yb.sup.3+ ions. A light pump such as a diode laser is used to excite these ions into energy states which will produce lasing at the desired wavelengths. Tuning elements such as prisms and gratings can be employed to select desired wavelengths for output.

Ba2ZnWO6:Sm3+ as promising orange-red emitting phosphors: Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Peng; Hu, Wenyuan; Yang, Dingming; Zhu, Jiayi; Zhang, Jing; Wu, Yadong

2018-02-01

Novel orange-red emitting phosphors, Ba2Zn1-xWO6:xSm3+ (x = 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07) (BZW:Sm3+), were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Their crystal structure and photoluminescence properties were characterized and the mechanism of energy transfers between Ba2ZnWO6 and Sm3+ elucidated in detail. It was found that the phosphors had a cubic structure with space group Fm 3 bar m . They can be excited by near-ultraviolet light, and the characteristic emissions of Sm3+ ions are observed at 564 nm, 598 nm and 645 nm, corresponding to 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 and 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 transitions, respectively. The 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 transitions shows the greatest intensity, which indicates that Sm3+ ions occupy the noncentrosymmetric sites. The optimal doping concentration of Sm3+ ions in Ba2ZnWO6 is about 5 mol% and the phenomenon of concentration quenching occurs when the content of Sm3+ ions exceeds 5 mol%. All results show that the Ba2ZnWO6:Sm3+ phosphor holds great promise for use in high-quality white light-emitting diodes.

Population Genomic Analysis Reveals a Rich Speciation and Demographic History of Orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii)

PubMed Central

Ma, Xin; Kelley, Joanna L.; Eilertson, Kirsten; Musharoff, Shaila; Degenhardt, Jeremiah D.; Martins, André L.; Vinar, Tomas; Kosiol, Carolin; Siepel, Adam; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.; Bustamante, Carlos D.

2013-01-01

To gain insights into evolutionary forces that have shaped the history of Bornean and Sumatran populations of orang-utans, we compare patterns of variation across more than 11 million single nucleotide polymorphisms found by previous mitochondrial and autosomal genome sequencing of 10 wild-caught orang-utans. Our analysis of the mitochondrial data yields a far more ancient split time between the two populations (∼3.4 million years ago) than estimates based on autosomal data (0.4 million years ago), suggesting a complex speciation process with moderate levels of primarily male migration. We find that the distribution of selection coefficients consistent with the observed frequency spectrum of autosomal non-synonymous polymorphisms in orang-utans is similar to the distribution in humans. Our analysis indicates that 35% of genes have evolved under detectable negative selection. Overall, our findings suggest that purifying natural selection, genetic drift, and a complex demographic history are the dominant drivers of genome evolution for the two orang-utan populations. PMID:24194868

Population genomic analysis reveals a rich speciation and demographic history of orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii).

PubMed

Ma, Xin; Kelley, Joanna L; Eilertson, Kirsten; Musharoff, Shaila; Degenhardt, Jeremiah D; Martins, André L; Vinar, Tomas; Kosiol, Carolin; Siepel, Adam; Gutenkunst, Ryan N; Bustamante, Carlos D

2013-01-01

To gain insights into evolutionary forces that have shaped the history of Bornean and Sumatran populations of orang-utans, we compare patterns of variation across more than 11 million single nucleotide polymorphisms found by previous mitochondrial and autosomal genome sequencing of 10 wild-caught orang-utans. Our analysis of the mitochondrial data yields a far more ancient split time between the two populations (~3.4 million years ago) than estimates based on autosomal data (0.4 million years ago), suggesting a complex speciation process with moderate levels of primarily male migration. We find that the distribution of selection coefficients consistent with the observed frequency spectrum of autosomal non-synonymous polymorphisms in orang-utans is similar to the distribution in humans. Our analysis indicates that 35% of genes have evolved under detectable negative selection. Overall, our findings suggest that purifying natural selection, genetic drift, and a complex demographic history are the dominant drivers of genome evolution for the two orang-utan populations.

Hesperidin Displays Relevant Role in the Nutrigenomic Effect of Orange Juice on Blood Leukocytes in Human Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study

PubMed Central

Milenkovic, Dragan; Deval, Christiane; Dubray, Claude; Mazur, Andrzej; Morand, Christine

2011-01-01

Background We previously showed, in healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreases diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. The objective was to determine the effect of chronic consumption of orange juice on the gene expression profile of leukocytes in healthy volunteers and to assess to what extent hesperidin is involved in the effect of orange juice. Methodology/Principal Findings Volunteers were included in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Throughout three 4-week periods, volunteers consumed daily: 500 ml orange juice, 500 ml control drink plus hesperidin or 500 ml control drink and placebo. Blood samplings were performed on 10 overnight-fasted subjects after the 4-week treatment period. Global gene expression profiles were determined using human whole genome cDNA microarrays. Both orange juice and hesperidin consumption significantly affected leukocyte gene expression. Orange juice consumption induced changes in expression of, 3,422 genes, while hesperidin intake modulated the expression of 1,819 genes. Between the orange juice and hesperidin consumption groups, 1,582 regulated genes were in common. Many of these genes are implicated in chemotaxis, adhesion, infiltration and lipid transport, which is suggestive of lower recruitment and infiltration of circulating cells to vascular wall and lower lipid accumulation. Conclusions This study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin displays a relevant role in the genomic effect of this beverage. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00983086 PMID:22110589

A tale of two communities: intestinal polyparasitism among Orang Asli and Malay communities in rural Terengganu, Malaysia.

PubMed

Elyana, Fatin Nur; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Ithoi, Init; Abdulsalam, Awatif M; Dawaki, Salwa; Nasr, Nabil A; Atroosh, Wahib M; Abd-Basher, Mohamad Hafiz; Al-Areeqi, Mona A; Sady, Hany; Subramaniam, Lahvanya R; Anuar, Tengku Shahrul; Lau, Yee Ling; Moktar, Norhayati; Surin, Johari

2016-07-16

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still major health problems in many developing countries including Malaysia, particularly in the poor and socioeconomically deprived rural and remote communities in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of IPIs and to identify the key factors associated with intestinal polyparasitism as well as to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on IPIs among rural Orang Asli and Malay communities in Terengganu, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 participants (165 Orang Asli and 175 Malay) aged ≤ 15 years from the Hulu Terengganu and Kemaman districts of Terengganu. Faecal samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation, trichrome stain, modified Ziehl Neelsen stain, in vitro cultivation in Jones' medium, Kato Katz and Harada Mori techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural information of the participants and their KAP for IPIs were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire. Overall, 149 (90.3 %) Orang Asli and 43 (24.6 %) Malay children were infected by at least one parasite species. The overall prevalences of intestinal polyparasitism among the Orang Asli and Malay were 68.5 % (113/165) and 14.3 % (25/175), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that using unsafe water supply as a source for drinking water, the presence of domestic animals, not wearing shoes when outside, not washing vegetables before consumption, not washing hands after playing with soil, indiscriminate defecation and the low level of mother's education were the key risk factors for intestinal polyparasitism among the Orang Asli, while working mothers and the presence of domestic animals were the risk factors among the Malay children. Almost all the Malays were well aware about the IPIs while Orang Asli respondents had a poor level of related awareness. This study

Helicobacter pylori Infection among Aborigines (the Orang Asli) in the Northeastern Region of Peninsular Malaysia

PubMed Central

Rahim, Amry Abdul; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Majid, Noorizan Abd; Choo, Keng Ee; Raj, Sundramoorthy Mahendra; Derakhshan, Mohammad H.; Graham, David Y.

2010-01-01

Whether the exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection reported among Malays is also present among aborigines (the Orang Asli) living in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia is unknown. We studied asymptomatic Orang Asli from settlements situated 210 km from the city of Kota Bharu. The HP infection status was confirmed by a validated serology test. Nineteen percent of 480 Orang Asli tested positive for HP infection. The prevalence was 40.6% in the birth cohort of the 1940s and declined steadily in later cohorts to under 10% among 12–30 year olds. This may be related to the phases of relocation from the jungles into resettlement camps and ultimately into designated villages near rivers. The low prevalence pattern after the 1970s was probably partly a result of improvement in sanitation and hygiene practice in these villages but other unidentified factors may also be operating. PMID:21036849

High-throughput analysis of lipid hydroperoxides in edible oils and fats using the fluorescent reagent diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine.

PubMed

Santas, Jonathan; Guzmán, Yeimmy J; Guardiola, Francesc; Rafecas, Magdalena; Bou, Ricard

2014-11-01

A fluorometric method for the determination of hydroperoxides (HP) in edible oils and fats using the reagent diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) was developed and validated. Two solvent media containing 100% butanol or a mixture of chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) can be used to solubilise lipid samples. Regardless of the solvent used to solubilise the sample, the DPPP method was precise, accurate, sensitive and easy to perform. The HP content of 43 oil and fat samples was determined and the results were compared with those obtained by means of the AOCS Official Method for the determination of peroxide value (PV) and the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) method. The proposed method not only correlates well with the PV and FOX methods, but also presents some advantages such as requiring low sample and solvent amounts and being suitable for high-throughput sample analysis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An evaluation of the accuracy of the ORange (Gen II) by comparing it to the IOLMaster in the prediction of postoperative refraction.

PubMed

Chen, Ming

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ORange(®) Gen II (WaveTec Vision, Aliso Viejo, CA). The Surgical Suites, Honolulu, HI. The prospective 28 consecutive cataract surgical cases were selected from 85 cataract surgical cases between December 16, 2010 and February 24, 2011. With the same intraocular lens implantation, the predicted spherical equivalent refraction from IOLMaster(®) (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) and ORange Gen II were statistically compared and verified with 1-month postoperative manifest refraction. The data were put into IBM SPSS 19 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) for analysis of variance. Pearson's correlation coefficient was also calculated to evaluate the correlation between the IOLMaster, ORange Gen II, and 1-month postoperative manifest refraction. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean spherical equivalent refraction from the IOLMaster, ORange Gen II, and 1-month postoperative manifest refraction (IOLMaster -0.40 diopters, P = 0.07; ORange Gen II -0.43 diopters, P = 0.16; 1-month refraction -0.41 diopters, P = 0.07). Pearson's correlation study demonstrated that all three were positively correlated (P < 0.05), with the strongest correlation between the ORange Gen II and 1-month postoperative manifest refraction (r = +0.6, P < 0.01). The ORange Gen II can be considered as an alternative method for intraocular lens selection for cataract patients.

[Effect of transparent yellow and orange colored contact lenses on color discrimination in the yellow color range].

PubMed

Schürer, M; Walter, A; Brünner, H; Langenbucher, A

2015-08-01

Colored transparent filters cause a change in color perception and have an impact on the perceptible amount of different colors and especially on the ability to discriminate between them. Yellow or orange tinted contact lenses worn to enhance contrast vision by reducing or blocking short wavelengths also have an effect on color perception. The impact of the yellow and orange tinted contact lenses Wöhlk SPORT CONTRAST on color discrimination was investigated with the Erlangen colour measurement system in a study with 14 and 16 subjects, respectively. In relation to a yellow reference color located at u' = 0.2487/v' = 0.5433, measurements of color discrimination thresholds were taken in up to 6 different color coordinate axes. Based on these thresholds, color discrimination ellipses were calculated. These results are given in the Derrington, Krauskopf and Lennie (DKL) color system. Both contact lenses caused a shift of the reference color towards higher saturated colors. Color discrimination ability with the yellow and orange colored lenses was significantly enhanced along the blue-yellow axis in comparison to the reference measurements without a tinted filter. Along the red-green axis only the orange lens caused a significant reduction of color discrimination threshold distance to the reference color. Yellow and orange tinted contact lenses enhance the ability of color discrimination. If the transmission spectra and the induced changes are taken into account, these results can also be applied to other filter media, such as blue filter intraocular lenses.

California mild CTV strains that break resistance in Trifoliate Orange

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This is the final report of a project to characterize California isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) that replicate in Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate orange). Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of viral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and assembly of full-length sequences of mild California CTV i...

[Microbiological and physicochemical evaluation of pasteurized beverages fortified with orange deodorized residues extracts].

PubMed

Moreno Alvarez, Mario José; Machado, Alexandra; Padrón, Arelis; García, David; Belén Camacho, Douglas Rafael

2004-09-01

Microbiological and physicochemical parameters of pasteurized beverages conditioned with aqueous extracts from orange deodorized residues were evaluated. The fruits used were selected according to following criterion: homogenous maturity, without physical damage and absence of apparent chlorophyll. Orange peels were dried and transformed to flour. The juice was evaluated by means of these parameters: pH 3.90, degrees Brix 10, titrable acidity 0.33 g of citric acid/100 mL and total carotenoids 0.0078 mg/mL. Volatil compounds of the flour that may to cause bitterness were separated by means of two methods of deodorization: distillation in current of vapor and in autoclave to 121 degrees C; then, the flour was extracted with water (relation 1:50 p/v). Pasteurized citric beverages (orange juice) were elaborated adding the deodorized extracts. pH, degrees Brix, titrable acidity and total carotenoids showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Microbiological results were according to pasteurized products. Sensorial analysis by untrained panel showed no signiificant differences. In conclusion, the deodorant processes were effectives and permitted the inclusion of aquasoluble compounds as flavonoids with antioxidant activity.

Effect of Ni doping on structural and optical properties of Zn{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O nanopowder synthesized via low cost sono-chemical method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, Budhendra, E-mail: bksingh@ua.pt; Kaushal, Ajay, E-mail: ajay.kaushal@ua.pt; Bdikin, Igor

2015-10-15

Highlights: • Pure and Ni doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized by low cost sonochemical method. • The optical properties of Zn{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O nanopowders can be tuned by varying Ni content. • The results reveal the solubility limit of Ni into ZnO matrix as below 8%. - Abstract: Zn{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O nanopowders with different Ni contents of x = 0.0, 0.04 and 0.08 were synthesized via cost effective sonochemical reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals pure wurtzite phase of prepared nanostructures with no additional impurity peaks. The morphology and dimensions of nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM).more » A sharp and strong peak for first order optical mode for wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) structure was observed at ∼438 cm{sup −1} in Raman spectra. The calculated optical band gap (E{sub g}) from UV–vis transmission data was found to decrease with increase in Ni content. The observed red shift in E{sub g} with increasing Ni content in ZnO nanopowders were in agreement with band gap behaviours found in their photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The synthesised ZnO nanopowders with controlled band gap on Ni doping reveals their potential for use in various electronic and optical device applications. The results were discussed in detail.« less

Understanding the Impacts of Land-Use Policies on a Threatened Species: Is There a Future for the Bornean Orang-utan?

PubMed Central

Wich, Serge A.; Gaveau, David; Abram, Nicola; Ancrenaz, Marc; Baccini, Alessandro; Brend, Stephen; Curran, Lisa; Delgado, Roberto A.; Erman, Andi; Fredriksson, Gabriella M.; Goossens, Benoit; Husson, Simon J.; Lackman, Isabelle; Marshall, Andrew J.; Naomi, Anita; Molidena, Elis; Nardiyono; Nurcahyo, Anton; Odom, Kisar; Panda, Adventus; Purnomo; Rafiastanto, Andjar; Ratnasari, Dessy; Santana, Adi H.; Sapari, Imam; van Schaik, Carel P.; Sihite, Jamartin; Spehar, Stephanie; Santoso, Eddy; Suyoko, Amat; Tiju, Albertus; Usher, Graham; Atmoko, Sri Suci Utami; Willems, Erik P.; Meijaard, Erik

2012-01-01

The geographic distribution of Bornean orang-utans and its overlap with existing land-use categories (protected areas, logging and plantation concessions) is a necessary foundation to prioritize conservation planning. Based on an extensive orang-utan survey dataset and a number of environmental variables, we modelled an orang-utan distribution map. The modelled orang-utan distribution map covers 155,106 km2 (21% of Borneo's landmass) and reveals four distinct distribution areas. The most important environmental predictors are annual rainfall and land cover. The overlap of the orang-utan distribution with land-use categories reveals that only 22% of the distribution lies in protected areas, but that 29% lies in natural forest concessions. A further 19% and 6% occurs in largely undeveloped oil palm and tree plantation concessions, respectively. The remaining 24% of the orang-utan distribution range occurs outside of protected areas and outside of concessions. An estimated 49% of the orang-utan distribution will be lost if all forest outside of protected areas and logging concessions is lost. To avoid this potential decline plantation development in orang-utan habitats must be halted because it infringes on national laws of species protection. Further growth of the plantation sector should be achieved through increasing yields in existing plantations and expansion of new plantations into areas that have already been deforested. To reach this goal a large scale island-wide land-use masterplan is needed that clarifies which possible land uses and managements are allowed in the landscape and provides new standardized strategic conservation policies. Such a process should make much better use of non-market values of ecosystem services of forests such as water provision, flood control, carbon sequestration, and sources of livelihood for rural communities. Presently land use planning is more driven by vested interests and direct and immediate economic gains, rather than by

A proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts isolated from sweet orange fruits [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

PubMed Central

Zeng, Yunliu; Pan, Zhiyong; Ding, Yuduan; Zhu, Andan; Cao, Hongbo; Xu, Qiang; Deng, Xiuxin

2011-01-01

Here, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts purified from sweet orange using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation is reported. A GeLC-MS/MS shotgun approach was used to identify the proteins of pooled chromoplast samples. A total of 493 proteins were identified from purified chromoplasts, of which 418 are putative plastid proteins based on in silico sequence homology and functional analyses. Based on the predicted functions of these identified plastid proteins, a large proportion (∼60%) of the chromoplast proteome of sweet orange is constituted by proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid/protein synthesis, and secondary metabolism. Of note, HDS (hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase), PAP (plastid-lipid-associated protein), and psHSPs (plastid small heat shock proteins) involved in the synthesis or storage of carotenoid and stress response are among the most abundant proteins identified. A comparison of chromoplast proteomes between sweet orange and tomato suggested a high level of conservation in a broad range of metabolic pathways. However, the citrus chromoplast was characterized by more extensive carotenoid synthesis, extensive amino acid synthesis without nitrogen assimilation, and evidence for lipid metabolism concerning jasmonic acid synthesis. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into the major metabolic pathways as well as some unique characteristics of the sweet orange chromoplasts at the whole proteome level. PMID:21841170

CHRIS: Hazardous Chemical Data

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-10-01

CPLORD-O-TOLUICIfE FAST RED Z& BASE = ’-1-ITRCAMILINE FERMENTAITION ALCOH!OL - ETHYL ALCOHOL FERMENTATION AMYL ALCOHCL -ISCANYL ALCOJIGI FERMENTATION BUTYL...ACID ETHYLENEDIAMINE IETRACETIC ACID VIC-H-XYLENOL XYLENOL VIENNA GREEN COPPER ACETOARSE1ITE VILRATHANE 4300 -CIPHENYLETHAME01ISOCYANATE (MDIl VINEGAR

Blue, green, orange, and red upconversion laser

DOEpatents

Xie, P.; Gosnell, T.R.

1998-09-08

A laser is disclosed for outputting visible light at the wavelengths of blue, green, orange and red light. This is accomplished through the doping of a substrate, such as an optical fiber or waveguide, with Pr{sup 3+} ions and Yb{sup 3+} ions. A light pump such as a diode laser is used to excite these ions into energy states which will produce lasing at the desired wavelengths. Tuning elements such as prisms and gratings can be employed to select desired wavelengths for output. 11 figs.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of sweet orange oil-diesel blend on performance and emissions of a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, S. M. Ashrafur; Hossain, F. M.; Van, Thuy Chu; Dowell, Ashley; Islam, M. A.; Rainey, Thomas J.; Ristovski, Zoran D.; Brown, Richard J.

2017-06-01

In 2014, global demand for essential oils was 165 kt and it is expected to grow 8.5% per annum up to 2022. Every year Australia produces approximately 1.5k tonnes of essential oils such as tea tree, orange, lavender, eucalyptus oil, etc. Usually essential oils come from non-fatty areas of plants such as the bark, roots, heartwood, leaves and the aromatic portions (flowers, fruits) of the plant. For example, orange oil is derived from orange peel using various extraction methods. Having similar properties to diesel, essential oils have become promising alternate fuels for diesel engines. The present study explores the opportunity of using sweet orange oil in a compression ignition engine. Blends of sweet orange oil-diesel (10% sweet orange oil, 90% diesel) along with neat diesel fuel were used to operate a six-cylinder diesel engine (5.9 litres, common rail, Euro-III, compression ratio 17.3:1). Some key fuel properties such as: viscosity, density, heating value, and surface tension are presented. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption) and emission parameters (CO, NOX, and Particulate Matter) were measured to evaluate running with the blends. The engine was operated at 1500 rpm (maximum torque condition) with different loads. The results from the property analysis showed that sweet orange oil-diesel blend exhibits lower density, viscosity and surface tension and slightly higher calorific value compared to neat diesel fuel. Also, from the engine test, the sweet orange oil-diesel blend exhibited slightly higher brake specific fuel consumption, particulate mass and particulate number; however, the blend reduced the brake specific CO emission slightly and brake specific NOX emission significantly compared to that of neat diesel.

Volcanic diapirs in the Orange Mountain flood basalt: New Jersey, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puffer, John H.; Laskowich, Chris

2012-09-01

Diapir-shaped structures, 4-30 m high, consisting of vesicular basalt have intruded into the interior of a 50-70 m-thick subaerial Orange Mountain Basalt flow exposed at several rock quarries in northern New Jersey. The basalt flowed onto a travertine encrusted mudflat saturated with alkali salts. We propose that pressurized alkali vapors trapped under the lava created a vesicular and viscous flow bottom layer about 10 m thick. Vesicle coalescence within this layer increased its buoyancy where it locally accumulated into diapirs and displaced overlying lava. Large bubbles within the diapirs expanded upon intrusion into hot flow interiors where they explosively escaped leaving lenses of breccia. Some early diapirs reached the base of the upper lava crust. These diapirs document vapor driven convection of large blobs of contaminated lava into the lava core of the Orange Mountain flow.

Chemically modified maize cobs waste with enhanced adsorption properties upon methyl orange and arsenic.

PubMed

Elizalde-González, María P; Mattusch, J; Wennrich, R

2008-07-01

The surface chemistry of maize naturasorbent was altered in this work by the modifying agents: phosphoric acid and different amines (triethanolamine, diethylenetriamine and 1,4-diaminobutane). Removal of methyl orange (25 mg l(-1)) was <50% by maize corn cobs modified by phosphorylation and higher by the quaternized samples: 68% with the 1,4-diaminobutane and 73% with the diethylenetriamine modificators. Adsorption of arsenite by the samples modified with phosphoric acid/ammonia was 11 microg g(-1), which corresponds to 98% removal from a 550 microg As l(-1) solution for an adsorbent dose of 50 mg ml(-1). The samples modified by phosphoric acid/urea removed 0.4 microg g(-1) arsenate from a 300 mug As l(-1) solution. Adsorption of methyl orange, arsenite and arsenate was superior by the chemically modified maize cobs judged against the initial naturasorbent. For comparison, removal by the commercial anion exchanger was 100% for methyl orange, 45% (5 microg g(-1)) for arsenite and 99% (5 microg g(-1)) for arsenate.

Current induced magnetization switching in Co/Cu/Ni-Fe nanopillar with orange peel coupling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aravinthan, D.; Daniel, M.; Sabareesan, P.

The impact of orange peel coupling on spin current induced magnetization switching in a Co/Cu/Ni-Fe nanopillar device is investigated by solving the switching dynamics of magnetization of the free layer governed by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation. The value of the critical current required to initiate the magnetization switching is calculated analytically by solving the LLGS equation and verified the same through numerical analysis. Results of numerical simulation of the LLGS equation using Runge-Kutta fourth order procedure shows that the presence of orange peel coupling between the spacer and the ferromagnetic layers reduces the switching time of the nanopillar device frommore » 67 ps to 48 ps for an applied current density of 4 × 10{sup 12}Am{sup −2}. Also, the presence of orange peel coupling reduces the critical current required to initiate switching, and in this case, from 1.65 × 10{sup 12}Am{sup −2} to 1.39 × 10{sup 12}Am{sup −2}.« less

Uniformity of plants regenerated from orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) protoplasts.

PubMed

Kobayashi, S

1987-05-01

Using 25 plants (protoclones) regenerated from orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) protoplasts, several characters, including leaf and flower morphology, leaf oil, isozyme patterns and chromosome number, were examined. No significant variations in each character were recorded among the protoclones. Uniformity observed among protoclones was identical to that of nucellar seedlings.

21 CFR 146.148 - Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Reduced acid frozen concentrated orange juice. 146.148 Section 146.148 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION CANNED FRUIT JUICES Requirements for Specific Standardized...