Light-duty vehicle fuel economy improvements, 1979--1998: A consumer purchase model of corporate average fuel economy, fuel price, and income effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chien, David Michael

2000-10-01

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, which created fuel economy standards for automobiles and light trucks, was passed by Congress in response to the rapid rise in world oil prices as a result of the 1973 oil crisis. The standards were first implemented in 1978 for automobiles and 1979 for light trucks, and began with initial standards of 18 MPG for automobiles and 17.2 MPG for light trucks. The current fuel economy standards for 1998 have been held constant at 27.5 MPG for automobiles and 20.5 MPG for light trucks since 1990--1991. While actual new automobile fuel economy has almost doubled from 14 MPG in 1974 to 27.2 MPG in 1994, it is reasonable to ask if the CAFE standards are still needed. Each year Congress attempts to pass another increase in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard and fails. Many have called for the abolition of CAFE standards citing the ineffectiveness of the standards in the past. In order to determine whether CAFE standards should be increased, held constant, or repealed, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the CAFE standards to date must be established. Because fuel prices were rising concurrently with the CAFE standards, many authors have attributed the rapid rise in new car fuel economy solely to fuel prices. The purpose of this dissertation is to re-examine the determinants of new car fuel economy via three effects: CAFE regulations, fuel price, and income effects. By measuring the marginal effects of the three fuel economy determinants upon consumers and manufacturers choices, for fuel economy, an estimate was made of the influence of each upon new fuel economy. The conclusions of this dissertation present some clear signals to policymakers: CAFE standards have been very effective in increasing fuel economy from 1979 to 1998. Furthermore, they have been the main cause of fuel economy improvement, with income being a much smaller component. Furthermore, this dissertation has suggested that fuel prices have

Doing Business with China.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Industry and Trade Administration.

This publication provides background and practical information for those interested in doing business with China. The United States officially recognized the People's Republic of China (PRC) on January 1, 1979. Chinese leaders view international trade as an important factor in transforming China into a modern industrial state as well as an…

Rubella Virus Genotypes in the People's Republic of China between 1979 and 2007: a Shift in Endemic Viruses during the 2001 Rubella Epidemic▿ †

PubMed Central

Zhu, Zhen; Abernathy, Emily; Cui, Aili; Zhang, Yan; Zhou, Shujie; Zhang, Zhenying; Wang, Changyin; Wang, Tongzhan; Ling, Hua; Zhao, Chunfang; Chen, Yingqiong; He, Jilan; Sun, Li; Chen, Xia; Tang, Jihai; Feng, Daxin; Wang, Yan; Ba, Zhuoma; Fan, Lixia; Chen, Haiyun; Pan, Zhengfan; Zhan, Jun; Chen, Hui; Zhou, Shunde; Zheng, Lei; Gao, Hui; Liang, Yong; Dai, Defang; Icenogle, Joseph; Xu, Wenbo

2010-01-01

The incidence of rubella cases in China from 1991 to 2007 was reviewed, and the nucleotide sequences from 123 rubella viruses collected during 1999 to 2007 and 4 viral sequences previously reported from 1979 to 1984 were phylogenetically analyzed. Rubella vaccination was not included in national immunization programs in China before 2007. Changes in endemic viruses were compared with incidences of rubella epidemics. The results showed that rubella epidemics occur approximately every 6 to 8 years (1993/1994, 2001, and 2007), and a shift of disease burden to susceptible young adults was observed. The Chinese rubella virus sequences were categorized into 5 of the 13 rubella virus genotypes, 1a, 1E, 1F, 2A, and 2B; cocirculations of these different genotypes were found in China. In Anhui province, a shift in the predominant genotype from 1F and 2B to 1E coincided with the 2001 rubella epidemic. This shift may have occurred throughout China during 2001 to 2007. This study investigated the genotype distribution of rubella viruses in China over a 28-year period to establish an important genetic baseline in China during its prevaccination era. PMID:20351211

A monitoring study of the 1998 rainstorm along the Yangtze River of China by using TIPEX data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jizhi; Yang, Yuanqin; Xu, Xiangde; Zhang, Guangzhi

2003-05-01

By using data from the Secondary Tibetan Plateau Science Experiment (TIPEX) in 1998, including enhanced soundings, surface observations, data from captive balloons, remote sensing, and Doppler radar (China and Japan cooperative study of GAME/ Tibet), a monitoring study on the generation and moving track of the cumulus convective systems over the Tibetan Plateau is made, and the relationship between the evolution of cloud systems over the Tibetan Plateau and 1998 flooding in China is studied. The results are as follows. 1) Analyzing the image animation and Hovmoller diagram of satellite TBB data shows that the rainstorms for the Yangtze River in the last ten days of July 1998 can be tracked regionally to the Tibetan Plateau. 2) For the period of cloud clusters passing through the Amdo station (18 19 July), monitoring observations by Doppler radar is made. The monitoring of radar echoes shows that the developing, eastward motion, and strengthening of the echoes can be frequently observed in the middle of the Tibetan Plateau. An integrated analysis and tracking of the generation, disappearance, development, and eastward motion of these convective systems by using multiple instruments is very valuable for diagnosing and predicting the influence of the plateau systems on the downstream weather situation. 3) The integrated analysis of space-time cross sections of the enhanced upper air and surface observations from TIPEX during the intensified observation period shows that the frequent development of convective clouds over the Tibetan Plateau is related with the quasi-stationary convergence of surface winds. The dynamic convergence of surface winds, the vertical shear in the upper air, and transportation of water vapor due to increasing humidity over the Tibetan Plateau played an important role in the developing and strengthening of rainstorms over the Yangtze River in 1998. 4) Meso-sale filtration analysis of the vertical distribution of water vapor over the Tibetan

Assessment of vehicle emission programs in China during 1998-2013: Achievement, challenges and implications.

PubMed

Wu, Xiaomeng; Wu, Ye; Zhang, Shaojun; Liu, Huan; Fu, Lixin; Hao, Jiming

2016-07-01

China has been embracing rapid motorization since the 1990s, and vehicles have become one of the major sources of air pollution problems. Since the late 1990s, thanks to the international experience, China has adopted comprehensive control measures to mitigate vehicle emissions. This study employs a local emission model (EMBEV) to assess China's first fifteen-year (1998-2013) efforts in controlling vehicles emissions. Our results show that China's total annual vehicle emissions in 2013 were 4.16 million tons (Mt) of HC, 27.4 Mt of CO, 7.72 Mt of NOX, and 0.37 Mt of PM2.5, respectively. Although vehicle emissions are substantially reduced relative to the without control scenarios, we still observe significantly higher emission density in East China than in developed countries with longer histories of vehicle emission control. This study further informs China's policy-makers of the prominent challenges to control vehicle emissions in the future. First, unlike other major air pollutants, total NOX emissions have rapidly increased due to a surge of diesel trucks and the postponed China IV standard nationwide. Simultaneous implementation of fuel quality improvements and vehicle-engine emission standards will be of great importance to alleviate NOX emissions for diesel fleets. Second, the enforcement of increasingly stringent standards should include strict oversight of type-approval conformity, in-use complacence and durability, which would help reduce gross emitters of PM2.5 that are considerable among in-use diesel fleets at the present. Third, this study reveals higher HC emissions than previous results and indicates evaporative emissions may have been underestimated. Considering that China's overall vehicle ownership is far from saturation, persistent efforts are required through economic tools, traffic management and emissions regulations to lower vehicle-use intensity and limit both exhaust and evaporative emissions. Furthermore, in light of the complex

China.

PubMed

1983-12-01

This discussion of China focuses on the following: the people; geography; history (early history, 20th century China, the People's Republic of China; the "Great Leap Forward" and the Sino Soviet Split, the Cultural Revolution, and Mao's death and present directions); government (state structure, Chinese Communist Party, and legal system); education; economy; foreign relations; defense; and relations between China and the US. As of 1982, China's population totaled just over 1.008 billion with an annual growth rate of 1.5%. Life expectancy is 68 years. Government authorities endorsed birth control in the 1950s, played it down in 1958, and began to promote it again in 1962. The present family planning program began in the early 1970s and has become more fully mobilized since 1979. The largest ethnic group is the Han Chinese, who constitute 93.3% of the total population. The People's Republic of China, located in eastern Asia, is almost as large as the European continent. 2/3 of China's area is mountainous or semidesert; only about 1/10 is cultivated. China is the oldest continuous major world civilization with records dating back about 3500 years. Mao's death in September 1976 removed a towering figure from Chinese politics and set off a scramble for succession. The post 11th Party Congress leadership has emphasized economic development and renounced the mass political movements of prior years. Important educational reforms were made in early 1978. Since 1979, the Chinese leadership has moved toward more pragmatic positions in almost all fields. The Chinese government has always been subordinate to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), its role being to implement party policies. The primary instruments of state power are the State Council, an executive body corresponding to a cabinet, and the NPC, a legislative body. China has made impressive progress in primary education since 1949. About 93% of eligible children are enrolled in 1st grade, though only 65% finish primary

China’s Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

35 Total Exports Destined for China from Asia—1993, 1998, 2003, 2004...for China from Africa—1993, 1998, 2003, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Chinese Infrastructure Projects in Africa...43 Total Exports Destined for China from Latin America—1993, 1998, 2003

Extreme rainfall-induced landslide changes based on landslide susceptibility in China, 1998-2015

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Weiyue; Liu, Chun; Hong, Yang

2017-04-01

Nowadays, landslide has been one of the most frequent and seriously widespread natural hazards all over the world. Rainfall, especially heavy rainfall is a trigger to cause the landslide occurrence, by increasing soil pore water pressures. In China, rainfall-induced landslides have risen up over to 90% of the total number. Rainfall events sometimes generate a trend of extremelization named rainfall extremes that induce the slope failure suddenly and severely. This study shows a method to simulate the rainfall-induced landslide spatio-temporal distribution on the basis of the landslide susceptibility index. First, the study on landslide susceptibility in China is introduced. We set the values of the index to the range between 0 and 1. Second, we collected TRMM 3B42 precipitation products spanning the years 1998-2015 and extracted the daily rainfall events greater than 50mm/day as extreme rainfall. Most of the rainfall duration time that may trigger a landslide has resulted between 3 hours and 45 hours. The combination of these two aspects can be exploited to simulate extreme rainfall-induced landslide distribution and illustrate the changes in 17 years. This study shows a useful tool to be part of rainfall-induced landslide simulation methodology for landslide early warning.

Receiver Operating Characteristic curves of the seismo-ionospheric precursors in GIM TEC associated with magnitude greater than 6.0 earthquakes in China during 1998-2013.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, C. H.; Chen, Y. I.; Liu, J. Y. G.; Huang, Y. H.

2014-12-01

Statistical evidence of the Seismo-Ionospheric Precursors (SIPs) is reported by statistically investigating the relationship between the Total Electron Content (TEC) in Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) and 56 M≥6.0 earthquakes during 1998-2013 in China. A median-based method and a z test are employed to detect the overall earthquake signatures. It is found that a reduction of positive signatures and an enhancement of negative signatures appear simultaneously on 3-5 days prior to the earthquakes in China. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are used to measure the power of TEC for predicting M≥6.0 earthquakes in China.

Monitoring urban expansion and land use/land cover changes of Shanghai metropolitan area during the transitional economy (1979-2009) in China.

PubMed

Yin, Jie; Yin, Zhane; Zhong, Haidong; Xu, Shiyuan; Hu, Xiaomeng; Wang, Jun; Wu, Jianping

2011-06-01

This study explored the spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use/cover changes and urban expansion in Shanghai metropolitan area, China, during the transitional economy period (1979-2009) using multi-temporal satellite images and geographic information systems (GIS). A maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm was employed to extract information from four landsat images, with the post-classification change detection technique and GIS-based spatial analysis methods used to detect land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes. The overall Kappa indices of land use/cover change maps ranged from 0.79 to 0.89. Results indicated that urbanization has accelerated at an unprecedented scale and rate during the study period, leading to a considerable reduction in the area of farmland and green land. Findings further revealed that water bodies and bare land increased, obviously due to large-scale coastal development after 2000. The direction of urban expansion was along a north-south axis from 1979 to 2000, but after 2000 this growth changed to spread from both the existing urban area and along transport routes in all directions. Urban expansion and subsequent LULC changes in Shanghai have largely been driven by policy reform, population growth, and economic development. Rapid urban expansion through clearing of vegetation has led to a wide range of eco-environmental degradation.

[Temporal change in annual air temperature and heat island effect in a coastal city and an inland city at mid-latitude in China during 1956-1998].

PubMed

Chao, Lu-men; Sun, Jian-xin

2009-12-01

Temporal changes in air temperature and urban heat island (UHI) effects during 1956-1998 were compared between a coastal city, Ji' nan, and an inland city, Xi' an, which were similar in latitude, size and development. During 1956-1978, except that the annual mean minimum temperature in Ji' nan increased by 0.37 degrees C x 10 a(-1), the temperature variables in the two cities did not display any apparent trend. During 1979-1998, all temperature variables of the two cities showed an increasing trend. Comparing with that in Ji' nan, the increasing rate of annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean temperature in Xi' an was greater, but that of annual mean minimum temperature was smaller. In the two cities, heat island effect occurred during 1956-1978 but without any apparent trend, whereas during 1979-1998, this effect increased with time, especially in Xi' an where the annual mean minimum temperature and annual mean temperature increased by 0.22 degrees C x 10 a(-1) and 0.32 degrees C x 10 a(-1), respectively. Both the level and the inter-annual variation of the heat island effect were much greater in Ji' nan than in Xi' an, but the increasing rate of this effect was greater in Xi' an than in Ji' nan. Obvious differences were observed in the increasing rate of annual mean maximum air temperature, annual mean air temperature, and annual mean minimum temperature as well as the heat island effect in Ji' nan, whereas negligible differences were found in Xi' an. Among the three temperature variables, annual mean minimum temperature displayed the most obvious increasing trend and was most affected by heat island effect, while annual mean maximum temperature was most variable inter-annually. Geographical location not only affected the magnitude of urban warming, but also affected the mode of urban warming and the strength of heat island effect.

The repeated introduction of the H3N2 virus from human to swine during 1979-1993 in China.

PubMed

Zhu, Wenfei; Yang, Shuai; Dong, Libo; Yang, Lei; Tang, Jing; Zou, Xiaohui; Chen, Tao; Yang, Jing; Shu, Yuelong

2015-07-01

Limited data are available regarding the swine influenza viruses (SIVs) that circulated in Mainland China prior to the 1990s. Eleven H3N2 virus strains were isolated from swine populations from 1979 to 1992. To determine the origin and tendency of these SIVs, the phylogenetic and antigenic properties of these viruses were analyzed based on the whole genome sequenced and the HI titrations with post-infection ferret antisera against influenza A (H3N2) virus isolates of swine and human origin. The results revealed that these 11 SIVs originated from humans and were not maintained in swine populations, indicating the interspecies transmission from humans to pigs occurred frequently and independently throughout these periods. However, human H3N2 viruses might not have the ability to circulate in pig herds. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Claims, liabilities, injures and compensation payments of medical malpractice litigation cases in China from 1998 to 2011.

PubMed

Li, Heng; Wu, Xiangcheng; Sun, Tao; Li, Li; Zhao, Xiaowen; Liu, Xinyan; Gao, Lei; Sun, Quansheng; Zhang, Zhong; Fan, Lihua

2014-09-13

Although China experienced great improvement in their health system, disputes between patients and doctors have increasingly intensified, reaching an unprecedented level. Retrospective analysis of medical malpractice litigation can discover the characteristics and fundamental cause of these disagreements. We analyzed medical malpractice litigation data from 1998 to 2011 for characteristics of claims via a litigation database within a nationwide database of cases (1086 cases) in China, including claims, liabilities, injures, and compensation payments. Among the cases analyzed, 76 percent of claims received compensation in civil judgment (640 out of 841), while 93 percent were fault liability in paid judgment (597 out of 640). The average time span between the occurrence of the injury dispute and closure of claims was 3 years. Twenty-two percent of claims (183 of 841) were caused by injury, poisoning, and other external causes. Seventy-nine percent of claims (472 of 597) were contributed to by errors in medical technology. The median damage compensation payment for death was significantly lower than for serious injuries (P < 0.001; death, $13270 [IQR, $7617-$23181]; serious injury, $23721 [IQR, $10367-$57058]). Finally, there was no statistically significant difference in the median mental compensation between minor injury, serious injury, and death (P = 0.836). The social reasons for the conflict and high payment were catastrophic out-of-pocket health-care expense in addition to the high expectations for treatment in China. There were no distinguishing features between China and other countries with respect to time of suits, facilities, and specialties in these claims. The compensation for damages in different medical injuries was unfair in China.

U.S.-China Relations: The China Council of the Asia Society. A Medial Source Guide, Issues for the '80s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council on International and Public Affairs, New York, NY.

Concise, authoritative background information on U.S.-China relations is provided for journalists in this guide, one of a series dealing with topics of interest to the U.S. media. The guide begins with a chronology of U.S.-China relations from 1979 to 1982. The texts of documents on U.S.-China relations are then presented. These include the…

China: Tradition and Transformation, Curriculum Projects. Fulbright Hays Summer Seminars Abroad 1998 (China).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Committee on United States-China Relations, New York, NY.

The curriculum projects in this collection focus on diverse aspects of China, the most populous nation on the planet. The 16 projects in the collection are: (1) "Proposed Secondary Education Asian Social Studies Course with an Emphasis on China" (Jose Manuel Alvarino); (2) "Education in China: Tradition and Transition" (Sue…

Simulation of 1998-Big Flood in Changjiang River Catchment, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakayama, T.; Watanabe, M.

2006-05-01

Almost every year, China is affected by severe flooding, which causes considerable economic loss and serious damage to towns and farms. Big floods are mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the "seven big rivers", which include the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, the Yellow (Huanghe) River, and the Huaihe River. The Changjiang River is the fourth largest water resource to the oceans after the Amazon, Zaire, and Orinoco Rivers. In addition to abnormal weather, artificial effects were considered as main causes of the big flood disaster in the Changjiang River catchment by the previous researches; (i) extreme deforestation and soil erosion in the upper reaches, (ii) shrinking of lake water volumes and their reduced connection with the Changjiang River due to reclamation of lakes that retarded water in the middle reaches, and (iii) restriction of channel capacity following levee construction. Because there is an urgent need to quantify these relations on the spatial scale of the whole catchment in order to prevent flood damage as small as possible, it is very important to evaluate the complicated phenomena of water/heat dynamics in the Changjiang River catchment by using process-based models. The present research focuses on simulating the water/heat dynamics for 1998 big-flood with 60-year recurrent period in the Changjiang River catchment. We compared the flood period of 1998 with the normal period of 1987-1988. We expanded the NIES Integrated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology (NICE) model (Nakayama and Watanabe, 2004; Nakayama et al., 2006) for the application to broader catchments in order to evaluate large- scale flooding in the Changjiang River (NICE-FLD). We simulated the water/heat dynamics in the entire catchment (3,000 km wide by 1,000 km long) with a resolution of 10 km mesh by using the NICE-FLD. The model reproduced excellently the river discharge, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, groundwater level, et al. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of

The Sino-Vietnamese Crisis, 1975-1979: An Historical Case Study.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

in the actual fighting in 1979. It treats briefly the long history of discord that has existed between China and Viet Nam and questions whether the...8217 , ,. ., , .. -. . .,-,-.,.. ... .. ,... :.... ,.... ,.J.-. ,,.. ...-5: managemenL generally assume mutual understanding and rational decisions. Decision in crisis is also treated by Oran Young in The...superior power in proximity will seek to take advan- tage of our domestic vulnerability. b) Two or more powers will combine against us if they can tem

Losses of ecosystem service values in the Taihu Lake Basin from 1979 to 2010

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hui; Wang, Qiao; Li, Guangyu; Zhang, Hanpei; Zhang, Jue

2017-06-01

The Taihu Lake Basin, an east-coastal developed area, is one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in China. Ecosystem services in the Taihu Lake Basin have been overexploited and jeopardized. Based on land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) data from 1979, 1984, 2000, and 2010, in conjunction with the adjusted ecosystem service values (ESV), changes in ESV were analyzed in detail. Results revealed that LUCC resulted in a substantial decrease in total ESV from 3.92 billion in 1979 to 2.98 billion in 2010. The ESV of cropland decreased from 1.64 billion in 1979 to 1.34 billion in 2010, which represented a 20.28% reduction. The ESV of water areas decreased from 1.08 billion in 1979 to 0.36 billion in 2010, which represented a 65.62% reduction mainly because of a decline in water quality. In terms of annual change rate, cropland and water areas showed a sustained downward trend. Spatially, ESV declines were mainly observed in Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, and Shanghai, probably due to a combination of economic progress, population growth, and rapid urbanization. The research results can be a useful reference for policymakers in mitigating ESV decline.

Piecing Together Family Social Work in Mainland China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sim, Timothy

2008-01-01

As rapid economic and sociopolitical development brings about drastic changes in family structure and processes in China, many social concerns arise. Through a review of journal articles published over a period of 28 years (1979-2006) in social work and related disciplines in China, this article presents a glimpse of family social work using the…

Indicators of child health, service utilization and mortality in Zhejiang Province of China, 1998-2011.

PubMed

Zhang, Wei Fang; Xu, Yan Hua; Yang, Ru Lai; Zhao, Zheng Yan

2013-01-01

To investigate the levels of primary health care services for children and their changes in Zhejiang Province, China from 1998 to 2011. The data were drawn from Zhejiang maternal and child health statistics collected under the supervision of the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province. Primary health care coverage, hospital deliveries, low birth weight, postnatal visits, breastfeeding, underweight, early neonatal (<7 days) mortality, neonatal mortality, infant mortality and under-5 mortality were investigated. The coverage rates for children under 3 years old and children under 7 years old increased in the last 14 years. The hospital delivery rate was high during the study period, and the overall difference narrowed. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the prevalence of low birth weight in 1998 (2.03%) and the prevalence in 2011 (2.71%). The increase in low birth weight was more significant in urban areas than in rural areas. The postnatal visit rate increased from 95.00% to 98.45% with a significant difference (P<0.001). The breastfeeding rate was the highest in 2004 at 74.79% and lowest in 2008 at 53.86%. The prevalence of underweight in children under 5 years old decreased from 1.63% to 0.65%, and the prevalence was higher in rural areas. The early neonatal, neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates decreased from 6.66‰, 8.67‰, 11.99‰ and 15.28‰ to 1.69‰, 2.36‰, 3.89‰ and 5.42‰, respectively (P<0.001). The mortality rates in rural areas were slightly higher than those in urban areas each year, and the mortality rates were lower in Ningbo, Wenzhou, and Jiaxing regions and higher in Quzhou and Lishui regions. Primary health care services for children in Zhejiang Province improved from 1998 to 2011. Continued high rates of low birth weight in urban areas and mortality in rural areas may be addressed with improvements in health awareness and medical technology.

Impact of the 1998 Football World Cup on Suicide Rates in France: Results from the National Death Registry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Encrenaz, Gaelle; Contrand, Benjamin; Leffondre, Karen; Queinec, Raphaelle; Aouba, Albertine; Jougla, Eric; Miras, Alain; Lagarde, Emmanuel

2012-01-01

Our objective was to determine whether the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in 1998 had a short-term impact on the number of suicides in France. Exhaustive individual daily data on suicides from 1979 to 2006 were obtained from the French epidemiological center on the medical causes of death (CepiDC-INSERM;…

Evolution of the Large Scale Circulation, Cloud Structure and Regional Water Cycle Associated with the South China Sea Monsoon During May-June, 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, William K.-M.; Li, Xiao-Fan

2001-01-01

In this paper, changes in the large-scale circulation, cloud structures and regional water cycle associated with the evolution of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon in May-June 1998 were investigated using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and field data from the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX). Results showed that both tropical and extratropical processes strongly influenced the onset and evolution of the SCS monsoon. Prior to the onset of the SCS monsoon, enhanced convective activities associated with the Madden and Julian Oscillation were detected over the Indian Ocean, and the SCS was under the influence of the West Pacific Anticyclone (WPA) with prevailing low level easterlies and suppressed convection. Establishment of low-level westerlies across Indo-China, following the development of a Bay of Bengal depression played an important role in building up convective available potential energy over the SCS. The onset of SCS monsoon appeared to be triggered by the equatorward penetration of extratropical frontal system, which was established over the coastal region of southern China and Taiwan in early May. Convective activities over the SCS were found to vary inversely with those over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV). Analysis of TRMM microwave and precipitation radar data revealed that during the onset phase, convection over the northern SCS consisted of squall-type rain cell embedded in meso-scale complexes similar to extratropical systems. The radar Z-factor intensity indicated that SCS clouds possessed a bimodal distribution, with a pronounced signal (less than 30dBz) at a height of 2-3 km, and another one (less than 25 dBz) at the 8-10 km level, separated by a well-defined melting level indicated by a bright band at around 5-km level. The stratiform-to-convective cloud ratio was approximately 1:1 in the pre-onset phase, but increased to 5:1 in the active phase. Regional water budget calculations indicated that during the

Genetic evolution of Human Enterovirus A71 subgenotype C4 in Shenzhen, China, 1998-2013.

PubMed

He, Yaqing; Zou, Linjie; Chong, Marc Ka Chun; Men, Ruoting; Xu, Wenbo; Yang, Hong; Yao, Xiangjie; Chen, Long; Xian, Huixia; Zhang, Hailong; Luo, Min; Cheng, Jinquan; Ma, Hanwu; Feng, Qianjin; Huang, Yun; Wang, Yujie; Yeoh, Eng-Kiong; Zee, Benny Chung-Ying; Zhou, Yuanping; He, Ming-Liang; Wang, Maggie Haitian

2016-06-01

Human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the severest enteroviruses that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among children. This study identified the mutations of EV-A71 VP1 amino acid residues over a number of years and explored the possible association of identified mutations and HFMD epidemic outbreaks in Shenzhen, China. A total of 3760 stool specimens were collected from HFMD patients by Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 1998 and 2013. In total 289 VP1 strains were sequenced in this study, and amino acids mutation frequency was calculated. There were 2040 China nationwide sequences downloaded from Genebank as replication data. In our samples, 1036 subjects (27.6%) were EV-A71 infected. Three amino acid positions on VP1 protein were found to have high mutation prevalence. These are Q22H, S283T, and A289H. Site 22 showed a fast mutation fixation in the year 2008, at the time of the large scale epidemic outbreak in Shenzhen. Analysis of the nationwide data replicated the same trend of mutation prevalence of the three sites. The switching from Q to H on site 22 of the EV-A71 VP1 strain might be associated with the HFMD outbreak in Shenzhen in 2008. The identified amino acid sites 22, 283 and 289 provided information for developing anti-viral drugs against EV-A71 in the future. Copyright © 2016 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

29 CFR 1979.107 - Hearings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Hearings. 1979.107 Section 1979.107 Labor Regulations... INVESTMENT AND REFORM ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Litigation § 1979.107 Hearings. (a) Except as provided in this... administrative hearings before the Office of Administrative Law Judges, codified at subpart A, of 29 CFR part 18...

29 CFR 1979.107 - Hearings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Hearings. 1979.107 Section 1979.107 Labor Regulations... INVESTMENT AND REFORM ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Litigation § 1979.107 Hearings. (a) Except as provided in this... administrative hearings before the Office of Administrative Law Judges, codified at subpart A, of 29 CFR part 18...

29 CFR 1979.107 - Hearings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Hearings. 1979.107 Section 1979.107 Labor Regulations... INVESTMENT AND REFORM ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Litigation § 1979.107 Hearings. (a) Except as provided in this... administrative hearings before the Office of Administrative Law Judges, codified at subpart A, of 29 CFR part 18...

29 CFR 1979.107 - Hearings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hearings. 1979.107 Section 1979.107 Labor Regulations... INVESTMENT AND REFORM ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Litigation § 1979.107 Hearings. (a) Except as provided in this... administrative hearings before the Office of Administrative Law Judges, codified at subpart A, of 29 CFR part 18...

Historic and future trends of vehicle emissions in Beijing, 1998-2020: A policy assessment for the most stringent vehicle emission control program in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Shaojun; Wu, Ye; Wu, Xiaomeng; Li, Mengliang; Ge, Yunshan; Liang, Bin; Xu, Yueyun; Zhou, Yu; Liu, Huan; Fu, Lixin; Hao, Jiming

2014-06-01

As a pioneer in controlling vehicle emissions within China, Beijing released the Clean Air Action Plan 2013-2017 document in August 2013 to improve its urban air quality. It has put forward this plan containing the most stringent emission control policies and strategies to be adopted for on-road vehicles of Beijing. This paper estimates the historic and future trends and uncertainties in vehicle emissions of Beijing from 1998 to 2020 by applying a new emission factor model for the Beijing vehicle fleet (EMBEV). Our updated results show that total emissions of CO, THC, NOx and PM2.5 from the Beijing vehicle fleet are 507 (395-819) kt, 59.1 (41.2-90.5) kt, 74.7 (54.9-103.9) kt and 2.69 (1.91-4.17) kt, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. This represents significant reductions of 58%, 59%, 31% and 62%, respectively, relative to the total vehicle emissions in 1998. The past trends clearly posed a challenge to NOx emission mitigation for the Beijing vehicle fleet, especially in light of those increasing NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) which have partly offset the reduction benefit from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs). Because of recently announced vehicle emission controls to be adopted in Beijing, including tighter emissions standards, limitations on vehicle growth by more stringent license control, promotion of alternative fuel technologies (e.g., natural gas) and the scrappage of older vehicles, estimated vehicle emissions in Beijing will continue to be mitigated by 74% of CO, 68% of THC, 56% of NOx and 72% of PM2.5 in 2020 compared to 2010 levels. Considering that many of the megacities in China are facing tremendous pressures to mitigate emissions from on-road vehicles, our assessment will provide a timely case study of significance for policy-makers in China.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin Genes of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chickens in Shandong, China, between 1998 and 2013.

PubMed

Zhao, Yuxin; Li, Song; Zhou, Yufa; Song, Wengang; Tang, Yujing; Pang, Quanhai; Miao, Zengmin

2015-01-01

Since H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) was first isolated in Guangdong province of China, the virus has been circulating in chicken flocks in mainland China. However, a systematic phylogenetic analysis of H9N2 AIV from chickens in Shandong of China has not been conducted. Based on hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences of H9N2 AIVs isolated from chickens in Shandong of China between 1998 and 2013, genetic evolution of 35 HA gene sequences was systematically analyzed in this study. Our findings showed that the majority of H9N2 AIVs (21 out of 35) belonged to the lineage h9.4.2.5. Most of isolates (33 out of 35) had a PSRSSR↓GLF motif in HA cleavage site. Importantly, 29 out of these 35 isolates had an amino acid exchange (Q226L) in the receptor-binding site. The substitution showed that H9N2 AIVs had the potential affinity to bind to human-like receptor. The currently prevalent H9N2 AIVs in Shandong belonged to the lineage h9.4.2.5 which are different from the vaccine strain SS/94 clade h9.4.2.3. Therefore, the long-term surveillance of H9N2 AIVs is of significance to combat the possible H9N2 AIV outbreaks.

The strengthening relationship between Eurasian snow cover and December haze days in central North China after the mid-1990s

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Zhicong; Wang, Huijun

2018-04-01

The haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades and imposes damage on society, ecosystems, and human health. In addition to anthropogenic emissions, climate change and variability were conducive to haze in China. In this study, the relationship between the snow cover over eastern Europe and western Siberia (SCES) and the number of haze days in December in central North China was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the SCES and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations. During 1998-2016, the SCES significantly influenced the soil moisture and land surface radiation, and then the combined underlying drivers of enhanced soil moisture and radiative cooling moved the the East Asia jet stream northward and induced anomalous, anti-cyclonic circulation over central North China. Modulated by such atmospheric circulations, the local lower boundary layer, the decreased surface wind, and the more humid air were conducive to the worsening dispersion conditions and frequent haze occurrences. In contrast, from 1979 to 1997, the linkage between the SCES and soil moisture was negligible. Furthermore, the correlated radiative cooling was distributed narrowly and far from the key area of snow cover. The associated atmospheric circulations with the SCES were not significantly linked with the ventilation conditions over central North China. Consequently, the relationship between the SCES and the number of hazy days in central North China was insignificant before the mid-1990s but has strengthened and has become significant since then.

Only Children and Children with Siblings in the People's Republic of China: Levels of Fear, Anxiety, and Depression.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Bin; And Others

1995-01-01

Examined the possible negative effects of China's 1979 one-child-per-family policy on adolescents born before 1979, preadolescents born during the implementation of the policy, and children born after the policy was implemented. Found that children with siblings reported significantly higher levels of fear, anxiety, and depression than only…

Extraction and Analysis of Impervious Surfaces Based on a Spectral Un-Mixing Method Using Pearl River Delta of China Landsat TM/ETM+ Imagery from 1998 to 2008

PubMed Central

Deng, Yingbin; Fan, Fenglei; Chen, Renrong

2012-01-01

Impervious surface area (ISA) is considered as an indicator of environment change and is regarded as an important input parameter for hydrological cycle simulation, water management and area pollution assessment. The Pearl River Delta (PRD), the 3rd most important economic district of China, is chosen in this paper to extract the ISA information based on Landsat images of 1998, 2003 and 2008 by using a linear spectral un-mixing method and to monitor impervious surface change by analyzing the multi-temporal Landsat-derived fractional impervious surface. Results of this study were as follows: (1) the area of ISA in the PRD increased 79.09% from 1998 to 2003 and 26.88% from 2003 to 2008 separately; (2) the spatial distribution of ISA was described according to the 1998/2003 percentage respectively. Most of middle and high percentage ISA was located in northwestern and southeastern of the whole delta, and middle percentage ISA was mainly located in the city interior, high percentage ISA was mainly located in the suburban around the city accordingly; (3) the expanding direction and trend of high percentage ISA was discussed in order to understand the change of urban in this delta; High percentage ISA moved from inner city to edge of urban area during 1998–2003 and moved to the suburban area that far from the urban area mixed with jumpily and gradually during 2003–2008. According to the discussion of high percentage ISA spatial expanded direction, it could be found out that high percentage ISA moved outward from the centre line of Pearl River of the whole delta while a high ISA percentage in both shores of the Pearl River Estuary moved toward the Pearl River; (4) combining the change of ISA with social conditions, the driving relationship was analyzed in detail. It was evident that ISA percentage change had a deep relationship with the economic development of this region in the past ten years. Contemporaneous major sport events (16th Asia Games of Guangzhou, 26th

Extraction and analysis of impervious surfaces based on a spectral un-mixing method using Pearl River Delta of China Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery from 1998 to 2008.

PubMed

Deng, Yingbin; Fan, Fenglei; Chen, Renrong

2012-01-01

Impervious surface area (ISA) is considered as an indicator of environment change and is regarded as an important input parameter for hydrological cycle simulation, water management and area pollution assessment. The Pearl River Delta (PRD), the 3rd most important economic district of China, is chosen in this paper to extract the ISA information based on Landsat images of 1998, 2003 and 2008 by using a linear spectral un-mixing method and to monitor impervious surface change by analyzing the multi-temporal Landsat-derived fractional impervious surface. Results of this study were as follows: (1) the area of ISA in the PRD increased 79.09% from 1998 to 2003 and 26.88% from 2003 to 2008 separately; (2) the spatial distribution of ISA was described according to the 1998/2003 percentage respectively. Most of middle and high percentage ISA was located in northwestern and southeastern of the whole delta, and middle percentage ISA was mainly located in the city interior, high percentage ISA was mainly located in the suburban around the city accordingly; (3) the expanding direction and trend of high percentage ISA was discussed in order to understand the change of urban in this delta; High percentage ISA moved from inner city to edge of urban area during 1998-2003 and moved to the suburban area that far from the urban area mixed with jumpily and gradually during 2003-2008. According to the discussion of high percentage ISA spatial expanded direction, it could be found out that high percentage ISA moved outward from the centre line of Pearl River of the whole delta while a high ISA percentage in both shores of the Pearl River Estuary moved toward the Pearl River; (4) combining the change of ISA with social conditions, the driving relationship was analyzed in detail. It was evident that ISA percentage change had a deep relationship with the economic development of this region in the past ten years. Contemporaneous major sport events (16th Asia Games of Guangzhou, 26th Summer

Water vapor variation and the effect of aerosols in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gui, Ke; Che, Huizheng; Chen, Quanliang; Zeng, Zhaoliang; Zheng, Yu; Long, Qichao; Sun, Tianze; Liu, Xinyu; Wang, Yaqiang; Liao, Tingting; Yu, Jie; Wang, Hong; Zhang, Xiaoye

2017-09-01

This study analyzes the annual and seasonal trends in precipitable water vapor (PWV) and surface temperature (Ts) over China from 1979 to 2015, and the relationships between PWV and Ts and between PWV and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD), using data from radiosonde stations, weather stations and multiple satellite observations. The results revealed a positive PWV trend between 1979 and 1999, and a negative PWV trend between 2000 and 2015. Analysis of the differences in the PWV trend among different stations types showed that the magnitude of the trends were in the order main urban stations > provincial capital stations > suburb stations, suggesting that anthropogenic activities have a strong influence on the PWV trend. The AAOD exhibited a significant positive trend in most regions of China from 2005 to 2015 (confidence level 95%). Using spatial correlation analysis, we showed that PWV trend derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations is correlated with Ts, with an annual correlation coefficient of 0.596. In addition, the spatial correlation between PWV and AAOD showed a negative relationship, with the highest correlation coefficients of -0.76 and -0.71 observed in mid-eastern China and central northwest China, respectively, suggesting that the increase in AAOD in recent years may be one of the reasons for the decrease in PWV since the 2000s in China.

Remarks of the genus Mirollia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China.

PubMed

Wang, Gang; Wang, Hai-Jian; Shi, Fu-Ming

2015-09-25

Mirollia species from China are discussed with six new species described. The male stridulatory structures and abdominal terminalia are used as the main taxonomic characters. The species are: M. maculosus sp. nov., M. terminalis sp. nov., M. petiolulata sp. nov., M. acutilobata sp. nov., M. amplecta sp. nov. and M. unispina sp. nov. Two species are reported as new records for China, namely M. caligata Ingrisch, 1998 and M. hexapinna Ingrisch, 1998, the female of M. deficientis Gorochov, 2005 is described for the first time. A key to species and a distribution map for the genus Mirollia in China are provided. All specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

The Great Firewall of China: A Critical Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

wall was constructed twenty five foot high, twenty foot wide and over 4,000 miles long when complete ( Asimov , 1998). The wall was constructed... Asimov , I (1998). Construction of the great wall. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from Great Wall Web site: http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/China/save

The Quest for World Class Universities in China: Critical Reflections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngok, Kinglun; Guo, Weiqing

2008-01-01

Building world-class universities has become a national policy priority in China since then-President Jiang Zemin announced in May 1998 that China must have several world-class universities of international advanced level. This article aims to offer critical reflections on the policy in relation to building world-class universities in China. It…

Chores, Medicine for a Widespread Lack of Gratitude in the One-Child Generations of China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Shi

2016-01-01

"Little emperors" and "little princesses" are not new terms for describing the young generations of China after the 36-years' implementation of its one-child policy from 1979 that has triggered the launch of wave upon wave of massive and long-lasting campaigns of gratitude education at all levels of schools cross China from…

29 CFR 1979.104 - Investigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Investigation. 1979.104 Section 1979.104 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE HANDLING OF DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINTS UNDER SECTION 519 OF THE WENDELL H. FORD AVIATION...

Land Use Dynamics of the Fast-Growing Shanghai Metropolis, China (1979–2008) and its Implications for Land Use and Urban Planning Policy

PubMed Central

Zhang, Hao; Zhou, Li-Guo; Chen, Ming-Nan; Ma, Wei-Chun

2011-01-01

Through the integrated approach of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, four Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery acquired during 1979 and 2008 were used to quantitatively characterize the patterns of land use and land cover change (LULC) and urban sprawl in the fast-growing Shanghai Metropolis, China. Results showed that, the urban/built-up area grew on average by 4,242.06 ha yr−1. Bare land grew by 1,594.66 ha yr−1 on average. In contrast, cropland decreased by 3,286.26 ha yr−1 on average, followed by forest and shrub, water, and tidal land, which decreased by 1,331.33 ha yr−1, 903.43 ha yr−1, and 315.72 ha yr−1 on average, respectively. As a result, during 1979 and 2008 approximately 83.83% of the newly urban/built-up land was converted from cropland (67.35%), forest and shrub (9.12%), water (4.80%), and tidal land (2.19%). Another significant change was the continuous increase in regular residents, which played a very important role in contributing to local population growth and increase in urban/built-up land. This can be explained with this city’s huge demand for investment and qualified labor since the latest industrial transformation. Moreover, with a decrease in cropland, the proportion of population engaged in farming decreased 13.84%. Therefore, significant socio-economic transformation occurred, and this would lead to new demand for land resources. However, due to very scarce land resources and overload of population in Shanghai, the drive to achieve economic goals at the loss of cropland, water, and the other lands is not sustainable. Future urban planning policy aiming at ensuring a win-win balance between sustainable land use and economic growth is urgently needed. PMID:22319382

Expansion of Chinese Higher Education since 1998: Its Causes and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wan, Yinmei

2006-01-01

This paper examines an important development in Chinese higher education in the late 1990s and early 2000s, namely, its radical expansion of enrollment starting from 1998. After a brief review of the related literature on educational expansion, the paper analyzes the higher education expansion in China in detail. The paper argues that a variety of…

East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: A Historical Perspective of the 1998 Flood over Yangtze River

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weng, H.-Y.; Lau, K.-M.

1999-01-01

One of the main factors that might have caused the disastrous flood in China during 1998 summer is long-term variations that include a trend indicating increasing monsoon rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley. China's 160-station monthly rainfall anomaly for the summers of 1955-98 is analyzed for exploring such long-term variations. Singular value decomposition (SVD) between the summer rainfall and the global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies reveals that the rainfall over Yangtze River Valley is closely related to global and regional SST variabilities at both interannual and interdecadal timescales. SVD1 mode links the above normal rainfall condition in central China to an El Nino-like SSTA distribution, varying on interannual timescale modified by a trend during the period. SVD3 mode links positive rainfall anomaly in Yangtze River Valley to the warm SST anomaly in the subtropical western Pacific, varying on interannual timescales modified by interdecadal timescales. This link tends to be stronger when the Nino3 area becomes colder and the western subtropical Pacific becomes warmer. The 1998 summer is a transition season when the 1997/98 El Nino event was in its decaying phase, and the SST in the Nino3 area emerged below normal anomaly while the subtropical western Pacific SST above normal. Thus, the first and third SVD modes become dominant in 1998 summer, favoring more Asian summer monsoon rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley.

Global Increase in UV Irradiance during the Past 30 Years (1979-2008) Estimated from Satellite Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herman, Jay R.

2010-01-01

Zonal average ultraviolet irradiance (flux ultraviolet, F(sub uv)) reaching the Earth's surface has significantly increased since 1979 at all latitudes except the equatorial zone. Changes are estimated in zonal average F(sub uv) caused by ozone and cloud plus aerosol reflectivity using an approach based on Beer's law for monochromatic and action spectrum weighted irradiances. For four different cases, it is shown that Beer's Law leads to a power law form similar to that applied to erythemal action spectrum weighted irradiances. Zonal and annual average increases in F(sub uv) were caused by decreases in ozone amount from 1979 to 1998. After 1998, midlatitude annual average ozone amounts and UV irradiance levels have been approximately constant. In the Southern Hemisphere, zonal and annual average UV increase is partially offset by tropospheric cloud and aerosol transmission decreases (hemispherical dimming), and to a lesser extent in the Northern Hemisphere. Ozone and 340 nm reflectivity changes have been obtained from multiple joined satellite time series from 1978 to 2008. The largest zonal average increases in F(sub uv) have occurred in the Southern Hemisphere. For clear-sky conditions at 50 S, zonal average F(sub uv) changes are estimated (305 nm, 23%; erythemal, 8.5%; 310 nm, 10%; vitamin D production, 12%). These are larger than at 50 N (305 nm, 9%; erythemal, 4%; 310 nm, 4%; vitamin D production, 6%). At the latitude of Buenos Aires, Argentina (34.6 S), the clear-sky Fuv increases are comparable to the increases near Washington, D. C. (38.9 N): 305 nm, 9% and 7%; erythemal, 6% and 4%; and vitamin D production, 7% and 5%, respectively.

Land Use and Land Cover Change in Guangzhou, China, from 1998 to 2003, Based on Landsat TM /ETM+ Imagery

PubMed Central

Fan, Fenglei; Weng, Qihao; Wang, Yunpeng

2007-01-01

Land use and land cover change is a major issue in global environment change, and is especially significant in rapidly developing regions in the world. With its economic development, population growth, and urbanization, Guangzhou, a major metropolitan in South China, have experienced a dramatic land use and land cover (LULC) change over the past 30 years. Fast LULC change have resulted in degradation of its ecosystems and affected adversely the environment. It is urgently needed to monitor its LULC changes and to analyses the consequences of these changes in order to provide information for policymakers to support sustainable development. This study employed two Landsat TM/ETM+ images in the dry season to detect LULC patterns in 1998 and 2003, and to examine LULC changes during the period from 1998 to 2003. The type, rate, and pattern of the changes among five counties of Guangzhou Municipality were analyzed in details by post-classification method. LULC conversion matrix was produced for each county in order to explore and explain the urban expansion and cropland loss, the most significant types of LULC change. Land use conversion matrixes of five counties were discussed respectively in order to explore and explain the inherence of land use change. The results showed that urban expansion in these five counties kept an even rate of increase, while substantial amount of cropland vanished during the period. It is also noted that the conversion between cropland and orchard land was intensive. Forest land became the main source of new croplands.

Research Abstracts of 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

7 AD-AO82 309 NAVAL DENTAL RESEARCH INST GREAT LAKES IL F/6 6/9 RESCH ABTAT79 991 UNCLASSIFIED NORI-PR-79-11 NL ’NDRI-PR 79-11 December 1979...RESEARCH ABSTRACTS OF 1979 OTICSELZCreD MAR 2?718 S A NAVAL DENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Naval Medical Research and Development Command Bethesda, Maryland...8G 3 23 O4ൌ p.,. ... ....-- - I -- - ’.... .I l l ---,, .. . = ., , ." .;’.- I 1 IV NAVAL DENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NAVAL BASE, BLDG. I-H GREAT LAKES

A new estimate of the impact of OSHA inspections on manufacturing injury rates, 1998-2005.

PubMed

Haviland, Amelia M; Burns, Rachel M; Gray, Wayne B; Ruder, Teague; Mendeloff, John

2012-11-01

A prior study indicated that the effect of OSHA inspections on lost workday injuries had declined from 1979 through 1998. This study provides an updated estimate for 1998-2005. Injury data from the Pennsylvania workers' compensation program were linked with employment data from unemployment compensation records to calculate lost-time rates for single-establishment manufacturing firms with more than 10 employees. These rates were linked to OSHA inspection findings. The RAND Human Subjects Protection Committee determined that this study was exempt from review. Inspections with penalties reduced injuries by an average of 19-24% annually in the 2 years following the inspection. These effects were not found for workplaces with fewer than 20 or more than 250 employees or for inspections without penalties. These findings should be generalizable to the 29 states where federal OSHA directly enforces standards. They suggest that the impact of inspections has increased from the 1990s. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

29 CFR 1979.112 - Judicial review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial review. 1979.112 Section 1979.112 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE HANDLING OF DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINTS UNDER SECTION 519 OF THE WENDELL H. FORD...

29 CFR 1979.113 - Judicial enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Judicial enforcement. 1979.113 Section 1979.113 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE HANDLING OF DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINTS UNDER SECTION 519 OF THE WENDELL H. FORD...

Transitional Class Program, 1979-80. OEE Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opperman, Prudence Ward; And Others

This evaluation report describes the implementation and results of the 1979-80 Transitional Class Program. Although the program no longer exists as a centrally-coordinated effort, it serves as a final summary of the program's two years of operation by comparing the results from one year (1978-1979) to the next (1979-1980), and provides guidance to…

21 CFR 184.1979a - Reduced lactose whey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Reduced lactose whey. 184.1979a Section 184.1979a... Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1979a Reduced lactose whey. (a) Reduced lactose whey is the substance obtained by the removal of lactose from whey. The lactose content of the finished...

21 CFR 184.1979a - Reduced lactose whey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reduced lactose whey. 184.1979a Section 184.1979a... Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1979a Reduced lactose whey. (a) Reduced lactose whey is the substance obtained by the removal of lactose from whey. The lactose content of the finished...

21 CFR 184.1979b - Reduced minerals whey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Reduced minerals whey. 184.1979b Section 184.1979b... Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1979b Reduced minerals whey. (a) Reduced minerals whey is the substance obtained by the removal of a portion of the minerals from whey. The dry product...

21 CFR 184.1979b - Reduced minerals whey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reduced minerals whey. 184.1979b Section 184.1979b... Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1979b Reduced minerals whey. (a) Reduced minerals whey is the substance obtained by the removal of a portion of the minerals from whey. The dry product...

Appalachian Regional Commission: 1979 Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Appalachian Regional Commission, Washington, DC.

Narrative text, tables, maps, and photographs present an overview of the Appalachian Regional Commission's (ARC) activities in fiscal year 1979, past achievements, and future goals. Major accomplishments of 1979 include: utilization of the $233 million appropriation for highway construction; approval of over $143 million in ARC funds for 985…

Coherent Modes of Global SST and Summer Rainfall over China: An Assessment of the Regional Impacts of the 1997-98 El Nino/ La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K.-M.; Weng, Hengyi

1999-01-01

In this paper, we have identified three principal modes of summertime rainfall variability over China and global sea surface temperature (SST) for the period 1955-1998. Using these modes, we have assessed the impact of the El Nino/La Nina on major drought and flood occurrence over China during 1997-1998. The first mode can be identified with the growth phase of El Nino superimposed on a linear warming trend since the mid-1950s. This mode strongly influences rainfall over northern China. The second mode comprises of a quasi-biennial tendency manifested in alternate wet and dry years over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) of central China. The third mode is dominated by a quasi-decadal oscillation in eastern China between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. Using a mode-by-mode reconstruction, we evaluate the impacts of the various principal modes on the 1997 and 1998 observed rainfall anomaly. We find that the severe drought in northern China, and to a lesser degree the flood in southern China, in 1997 is likely a result of the influence of anomalous SST forcing during the growth phase of the El Nino. In addition, rainfall in southern China may be influenced by the decadal or long-term SST variability. The severe flood over the Yangtze River Valley in 1998 is associated with the biennial tendency of basin scale SST during the transition from El Nino to La Nina in 1997-98. Additionally, the observed prolonged drought over northern China and increasing flooding over the YRV since the 1950s may be associated with a long-term warming trend in the tropical Indian and western Pacific ocean. During 1997, the El Nino SST exacerbated the drought situation over northern China. In 1998, the drought appeared to get temporary relief from the La Nina anomalous SST forcing.

21 CFR 184.1979b - Reduced minerals whey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reduced minerals whey. 184.1979b Section 184.1979b... GRAS § 184.1979b Reduced minerals whey. (a) Reduced minerals whey is the substance obtained by the removal of a portion of the minerals from whey. The dry product shall not contain more than 7 percent ash...

Longitudinal relationship between economic development and occupational accidents in China.

PubMed

Song, Li; He, Xueqiu; Li, Chengwu

2011-01-01

The relativity between economic development and occupational accidents is a debated topic. Compared with the development courses of both economic development and occupational accidents in China during 1953-2008, this paper used statistic methods such as Granger causality test, cointegration test and impulse response function based on the vector autoregression model to investigate the relativity between economic development and occupational accidents in China from 1953 to 2008. Owing to fluctuation and growth scale characteristics of economic development, two dimensions including economic cycle and economic scale were divided. Results showed that there was no relationship between occupational accidents and economic scale during 1953-1978. Fatality rate per 10(5) workers was a conductive variable to gross domestic product per capita during 1979-2008. And economic cycle was an indicator to occupational accidents during 1979-2008. Variation of economic speed had important influence on occupational accidents in short term. Thus it is necessary to adjust Chinese occupational safety policy according to tempo variation of economic growth. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Merging of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in China: Old Ideas Cross Culturally Communicated through New Perspectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schnell, James A.

Cross-cultural communication between China and the West, instigated in 1979 by the establishment of an open-door policy in China, has led to the merging of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with the medical practices of the West. The result of these medical exchanges is a blending of medical practices that proves to be more effective in the…

(4015) 1979 VA: 'Missing Link' Discovered

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helin, Eleanor F.

1993-01-01

Apollo Asteroid (4015) 1979 VA was discovered in November of 1979 by Helin at Palomar with the 0.46m Schmidt Telescope. It's orbital elements immediately indicated a possible cometary origin. With an extremely eccentric orbit, it approaches the orbit of Jupiter (at the time, the largest 'Q', aphelion, of any known near-Earth asteroid). Physical observations acquired during the discovery apparition suggested that it was carbonaceous in nature. Research into prediscovery observations of Near-Earth Asteroids (Bowell et. al., 1992) has located Palomar Sky Survey photographic plates taken in 1949 observations of (4015) 1979 VA, not as an asteroid, but rather a small cometary image (IAU Circular Nos. 5585 and 5586, August 13, 1992)...

Evaluation of Atmospheric Precipitable Water from Reanalysis Products Using Homogenized Radiosonde Observations over China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, T.; Wang, J.; Dai, A.

2015-12-01

Many multi-decadal atmospheric reanalysis products are avialable now, but their consistencies and reliability are far from perfect. In this study, atmospheric precipitable water (PW) from the NCEP/NCAR, NCEP/DOE, MERRA, JRA-55, JRA-25, ERA-Interim, ERA-40, CFSR and 20CR reanalyses is evaluated against homogenized radiosonde observations over China during 1979-2012 (1979-2001 for ERA-40). Results suggest that the PW biases in the reanalyses are within ˜20% for most of northern and eastern China, but the reanalyses underestimate the observed PW by 20%-40% over western China, and by ˜60% over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. The newer-generation reanalyses (e.g., JRA25, JRA55, CFSR and ERA-Interim) have smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE) than the older-generation ones (NCEP/NCAR, NCEP/DOE and ERA-40). Most of the reanalyses reproduce well the observed PW climatology and interannual variations over China. However, few reanalyses capture the observed long-term PW changes, primarily because they show spurious wet biases before about 2002. This deficiency results mainly from the discontinuities contained in reanalysis RH fields in the mid-lower troposphere due to the wet bias in older radiosonde records that are assimilated into the reanalyses. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed two leading modes that represent the long-term PW changes and ENSO-related interannual variations with robust spatial patterns. The reanalysis products, especially the MERRA and JRA-25, roughly capture these EOF modes, which account for over 50% of the total variance. The results show that even during the post-1979 satellite era, discontinuities in radiosonde data can still induce large spurious long-term changes in reanalysis PW and other related fields. Thus, more efforts are needed to remove spurious changes in input data for future long-term reanlayses.

Negotiations 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Bruce; And Others

This report, one of a series of yearly reports, analyzes New Jersey school labor negotiations laws and practices as of 1979. One article deals with the school board's ability to take actions within the framework of the negotiations law. Another concerns leave provisions for illness and disability connected with pregnancy, childbirth, and…

Changes in springtime tropospheric ozone at Mt. Happo from 1998 to 2016, linked to Asian emissions and North Pacific climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okamoto, S.; Tanimoto, H.; Hirota, N.; Ikeda, K.; Akimoto, H.

2017-12-01

During the past decades, springtime ozone concentrations in the downwind regions of East Asia have rapidly increased with the increase of anthropogenic emissions. However, recent several studies based on the analysis of satellite tropospheric nitrogen dioxides data inferred possible peaking out of nitrogen oxides emissions in China. In addition to the precursor emissions, climate plays an important role in controlling the variations and distributions of tropospheric ozone. Here we revisited and updated the long-term trend of tropospheric ozone at Mt. Happo, Japan, for the period from 1998 to 2016. Since 1998 the springtime ozone concentration has shown a large increase until 2007, very likely caused by the increase in the emissions of ozone precursors associated with economic growth in eastern China, as evidenced from satellite observations of nitrogen dioxides. After the monotonic increase until 2007, the ozone level has been flattened associated with substantial drop in 2008. Recent low ozone levels were largely influenced by the decrease of the anthropogenic emissions from eastern China. We also found that the efficiency of long-range transport from central eastern China, driven by North Pacific climate, play a role in modulating the year-to-year variations of ozone at Mt. Happo.

Voluntary Support of Education, 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council for Financial Aid to Education, New York, NY.

Results of the 1979-80 Survey of Voluntary Support of Education are presented, along with national estimates of voluntary support of higher education. For 180 core institutions reporting in both 1978-79 and 1979-80, it was found that: (1) total support grew 18.1 percent in contrast to the 6.1 percent gain reported for the core group in 1978-79;…

Towards a politics of disaster response: presidential disaster instructions in China, 1998-2012.

PubMed

Tao, Peng; Chen, Chunliang

2018-04-01

China's disaster management system contains no law-based presidential disaster declarations; however, the national leader's instructions (pishi in Chinese) play a similar role to disaster declarations, which increase the intensity of disaster relief. This raises the question of what affects presidential disaster instructions within an authoritarian regime. This research shows that China's disaster politics depend on a crisis threshold system for operation and that the public and social features of disasters are at the core of this system. China's political cycle has no significant impact on disaster politics. A change in the emergency management system has a significant bearing on presidential disaster instructions, reflecting the strong influence of the concept of rule of law and benefiting the sustainable development of the emergency management system. In terms of disaster politics research, unlocking the black box of China's disaster politics and increasing the number of comparative political studies will benefit the development of empirical and theoretical study. © 2018 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2018.

27 CFR 19.79 - Registry of stills.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Registry of stills. 19.79 Section 19.79 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... chapter requires that every person having possession, custody, or control of a still or distilling...

Taxonomic revision of the East Asian genus Scleropteroides Colonnelli, 1979 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Ceutorhynchinae)

PubMed Central

Huang, Junhao; Yoshitake, Hiraku; Zhang, Runzhi; Ito, Motomi

2014-01-01

Abstract The genus Scleropteroides Colonnelli, 1979 (Ceutorhynchinae: Scleropterini) was revised on the basis of detailed morphological observations. The genus was redefined to include three species from East Asia: S. hypocrita (Hustache, 1916) is redescribed and recorded from northeastern China and northern Korea for the first time; S. horridulus (Voss, 1958) is redescribed with new records from southern Korea; S. insularis Voss, 1971 was moved from synonymy with S. hypocrita to that with S. horridulus (syn. n.), and S. longiprocessus Huang & Yoshitake, sp. n. is described as new, sympatric with S. hypocrita in Japan. All the species are associated with woody Rubus species (Rosaceae). A key to species, habitus photographs, illustrations of important characters, and distribution maps are provided for each species. PMID:25197212

Tennessee forest industries, 1979

Treesearch

Victor A. Rudis

1979-01-01

Tennessee supplied 178 million cubic feet of round-wood to forest industries in 1979, with hardwoods comprising four-fifths of the total. Saw logs and pulpwood accounted for 96 percent of the roundwood harvested.

Evaluation of atmospheric precipitable water from reanalysis products using homogenized radiosonde observations over China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Tianbao; Wang, Juanhuai; Dai, Aiguo

2015-10-01

Many multidecadal atmospheric reanalysis products are available now, but their consistencies and reliability are far from perfect. In this study, atmospheric precipitable water (PW) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), NCEP/Department of Energy (DOE), Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), Japanese 55 year Reanalysis (JRA-55), JRA-25, ERA-Interim, ERA-40, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and 20th Century Reanalysis version 2 is evaluated against homogenized radiosonde observations over China during 1979-2012 (1979-2001 for ERA-40). Results suggest that the PW biases in the reanalyses are within ˜20% for most of northern and eastern China, but the reanalyses underestimate the observed PW by 20%-40% over western China and by ˜60% over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. The newer-generation reanalyses (e.g., JRA25, JRA55, CFSR, and ERA-Interim) have smaller root-mean-square error than the older-generation ones (NCEP/NCAR, NCEP/DOE, and ERA-40). Most of the reanalyses reproduce well the observed PW climatology and interannual variations over China. However, few reanalyses capture the observed long-term PW changes, primarily because they show spurious wet biases before about 2002. This deficiency results mainly from the discontinuities contained in reanalysis relative humidity fields in the middle-lower troposphere due to the wet bias in older radiosonde records that are assimilated into the reanalyses. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed two leading modes that represent the long-term PW changes and El Niño-Southern Oscillation-related interannual variations with robust spatial patterns. The reanalysis products, especially the MERRA and JRA-25, roughly capture these EOF modes, which account for over 50% of the total variance. The results show that even during the post-1979 satellite era, discontinuities in radiosonde data can still

Changing Epidemiology of Human Brucellosis, China, 1955-2014.

PubMed

Lai, Shengjie; Zhou, Hang; Xiong, Weiyi; Gilbert, Marius; Huang, Zhuojie; Yu, Jianxing; Yin, Wenwu; Wang, Liping; Chen, Qiulan; Li, Yu; Mu, Di; Zeng, Lingjia; Ren, Xiang; Geng, Mengjie; Zhang, Zike; Cui, Buyun; Li, Tiefeng; Wang, Dali; Li, Zhongjie; Wardrop, Nicola A; Tatem, Andrew J; Yu, Hongjie

2017-02-01

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, was made statutorily notifiable in China in 1955. We analyzed the incidence and spatial-temporal distribution of human brucellosis during 1955-2014 in China using notifiable surveillance data: aggregated data for 1955-2003 and individual case data for 2004-2014. A total of 513,034 brucellosis cases were recorded, of which 99.3% were reported in northern China during 1955-2014, and 69.1% (258, 462/374, 141) occurred during February-July in 1990-2014. Incidence remained high during 1955-1978 (interquartile range 0.42-1.0 cases/100,000 residents), then decreased dramatically in 1979-1994. However, brucellosis has reemerged since 1995 (interquartile range 0.11-0.23 in 1995-2003 and 1.48-2.89 in 2004-2014); the historical high occurred in 2014, and the affected area expanded from northern pastureland provinces to the adjacent grassland and agricultural areas, then to southern coastal and southwestern areas. Control strategies in China should be adjusted to account for these changes by adopting a One Health approach.

Forest management in Northeast China: history, problems, and challenges.

PubMed

Yu, Dapao; Zhou, Li; Zhou, Wangming; Ding, Hong; Wang, Qingwei; Wang, Yue; Wu, Xiaoqing; Dai, Limin

2011-12-01

Studies of the history and current status of forest resources in Northeast China have become important in discussions of sustainable forest management in the region. Prior to 1998, excessive logging and neglected cultivation led to a series of problems that left exploitable forest reserves in the region almost exhausted. A substantial decrease in the area of natural forests was accompanied by severe disruption of stand structure and serious degradation of overall forest quality and function. In 1998, China shifted the primary focus of forest management in the country from wood production to ecological sustainability, adopting ecological restoration and protection as key foci of management. In the process, China launched the Natural Forest Conversion Program and implemented a new system of Classification-based Forest Management. Since then, timber harvesting levels in Northeast China have decreased, and forest area and stocking levels have slowly increased. At present, the large area of low quality secondary forest lands, along with high levels of timber production, present researchers and government agencies in China with major challenges in deciding on management models and strategies that will best protect, restore and manage so large an area of secondary forest lands. This paper synthesizes information from a number of sources on forest area, stand characteristics and stocking levels, and forest policy changes in Northeastern China. Following a brief historical overview of forest harvesting and ecological research in Northeast China, the paper discusses the current state of forest resources and related problems in forest management in the region, concluding with key challenges in need of attention in order to meet the demands for multi-purpose forest sustainability and management in the future.

Land use change in Ohio, 1952 to 1979

Treesearch

Thomas W. Birch; Wharton Eric H.; Wharton Eric H.

1982-01-01

An analytical report on trends of major land uses in Ohio from 1952 to 1979. The relationship between the decline in farm area and increase in forest land is emphasized. The losses of wood fiber attributable to clearing forest land between 1968 and 1979 are also estimated.

China's Population Policy at the Crossroads: Social Impacts and Prospects

PubMed Central

Jiang, Quanbao; Li, Shuzhuo; Feldman, Marcus W.

2015-01-01

China's total fertility rate fell below replacement level in the 1990s. From the 1970s the fertility rate declined dramatically, mainly as a consequence of the national population policy whose aim has been to limit birth numbers, control population growth and boost economic growth. Having achieved such a low fertility rate, how will China's population policy evolve in the future? This paper first reviews the history of China's population policy since 1970 in terms of three stages: 1970-1979; 1980-1999; and after 2000. We explore the impacts of China's population policy, including relief of pressure on China's environment and resources, fertility decline, the unexpectedly high male-biased sex ratio at birth (SRB), the coming shortage of labor force, and the rapid aging of the population. We also investigate ethical issues raised by the implementation of the policy and its results. Finally we introduce the controversy over potential adjustment of the policy, acknowledging the problems faced by western countries with low fertility and countermeasures they have taken. We offer some suggestions that might be appropriate in the Chinese context. PMID:26612983

Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder in China: current status and future directions.

PubMed

Zhong, Jie; Leung, Freedom

2009-02-01

This paper reviews the current status and future directions of borderline personality disorder (BPD) research in China. Although the committee of the third version of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-3) rejected BPD as a valid diagnostic category and instead adopted the term impulsive personality disorder (IPD), our literature review on personality disorders from 1979 to 2008 in China indicated that BPD was the most popular research topic among researchers and clinicians. Available empiric evidence on BPD in China provided preliminary support for the construct validity and clinical utility of BPD in clinical and nonclinical Chinese samples. Future studies in the following areas are suggested: 1) developing reliable assessment instruments for measuring BPD pathology in China, 2) comparing the construct validity and phenomenology of CCMD IPD and DSM BPD among Chinese patients, 3) examining potential cultural differences in symptom expression of BPD pathology among the Chinese, and 4) exploring indigenous and imported methods for treating BPD patients in China.

29 CFR 1979.108 - Role of Federal agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Role of Federal agencies. 1979.108 Section 1979.108 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) PROCEDURES FOR THE HANDLING OF DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINTS UNDER SECTION 519 OF THE WENDELL H. FORD...

Quantifying potential yield and water-limited yield of summer maize in the North China Plain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Mingnuo; Liu, Chaoshun; Chen, Maosi

2017-09-01

The North China Plain is a major food producing region in China, and climate change could pose a threat to food production in the region. Based on China Meteorological Forcing Dataset, simulating the growth of summer maize in North China Plain from 1979 to 2015 with the regional implementation of crop growth model WOFOST. The results showed that the model can reflect the potential yield and water-limited yield of Summer Maize in North China Plain through the calibration and validation of WOFOST model. After the regional implementation of model, combined with the reanalysis data, the model can better reproduce the regional history of summer maize yield in the North China Plain. The yield gap in Southeastern Beijing, southern Tianjin, southern Hebei province, Northwestern Shandong province is significant, these means the water condition is the main factor to summer maize yield in these regions.

Bibliography of Germfree Research 1885-1963. 1979 Supplement,

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

1):244-249, 1979. (Ja) -6- J_1 102. Jaroskova, L., Trebichavsky, I., Kovaru, F. and Prokesova, L. Membrane immuno- globulins in pig foetuses and... foetus as a germ- free model in the study of development of cellular and humoral immunity. Folia Microbiologica. 24(1) :78-79, 1979. 190. Pozharisskii

Trans-Pacific yellow sand transport observed in April 1998: A numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uno, Itsushi; Amano, Hiroyasu; Emori, Seita; Kinoshita, Kisei; Matsui, Ichiro; Sugimoto, Nobuo

2001-08-01

A yellow sand transport episode from the Asian continent to Japan and North America which occurred in April 1998 is simulated. A new on-line dust tracer model coupled with a regional-scale meteorological model is developed and applied to this dust storm episode. The results for two large dust events that started during April 14-15 and 19-20, 1998, have been analyzed and discussed. The first dust storm was trapped in a cutoff vortex developed over the China plain. A modeled 3-D structure of dust associated with this cutoff vortex agreed with an observed time-height cross section of dust concentration. Results show that the strong subsidence at the backside of the vortex restricted the dust layer below 3 km level. Model analysis revealed that the second dust event that started during April 19-20 over inland China was the origin of a dust episode reported over North America. The trans-Pacific dust transport simulation successfully showed the dust onset near the West Coast of North America. Elevation of the dust layer during the long-range transport was below 3 km. The model is extended to include the transport of an Asian origin anthropogenic tracer over the North Pacific Rim. Both the natural-origin mineral dust and the Asian-origin anthropogenic tracer are simultaneously transported even if their emission regions are different.

Nationwide singleton birth weight percentiles by gestational age in Taiwan, 1998-2002.

PubMed

Hsieh, Wu-Shiun; Wu, Hui-Chen; Jeng, Suh-Fang; Liao, Hua-Fang; Su, Yi-Ning; Lin, Shio-Jean; Hsieh, Chia-Jung; Chen, Pau-Chung

2006-01-01

There are limited nationwide population-based data about birth weight percentiles by gestational age in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to develop updated intrauterine growth charts that are population based and contain the information of birth weight percentiles by gestational age for singleton newborns in Taiwan. We abstracted and analyzed the birth registration database from the Ministry of the Interior in Taiwan during the period of 1998-2002 that consisted of over one million singleton births. Percentiles of birth weight for each increment of gestational week from 21 to 44 weeks were estimated using smoothed means and standard deviations. The analyses revealed that birth weight rose with advancing gestational age, with greater slopes during the third trimester and then leveled off beyond 40 weeks of gestational age. The male to female ratio ranged from 1.088 to 1.096. The mean birth weights during the period of 1998-2002 were higher than those previously reported for the period of 1945-1967; while the birth weight distribution and percentile during the period of 1998-2002 were similar to those reported for the period of 1979-1989. The 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of birth weigh at 40th gestational age among the male newborns were 2914, 3374, and 3890 g respectively; and for the female newborns 2816, 3250, and 3747 g. At the gestational age of 37 weeks, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of birth weigh among the male newborns were 2499, 2941, and 3433 g respectively; and for the female newborns 2391, 2832, and 3334 g. From 1998 to 2002, there was a gradual increase in the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm birth together with the percentage of infants born to foreign-born mothers. This study provides the first nationwide singleton intrauterine growth charts in Taiwan that are population-based and gender-specific. The normative data are particularly useful for the investigation of predictors and outcomes of altered fetal growth.

Decreasing Cloudiness Over China: An Updated Analysis Examining Additional Variables

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kaiser, D.P.

2000-01-14

As preparation of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report takes place, one of the many observed climate variables of key interest is cloud amount. For several nations of the world, there exist records of surface-observed cloud amount dating back to the middle of the 20th Century or earlier, offering valuable information on variations and trends. Studies using such databases include Sun and Groisman (1999) and Kaiser and Razuvaev (1995) for the former Soviet Union, Angel1 et al. (1984) for the United States, Henderson-Sellers (1986) for Europe, Jones and Henderson-Sellers (1992) for Australia, and Kaiser (1998) for China. The findings of Kaisermore » (1998) differ from the other studies in that much of China appears to have experienced decreased cloudiness over recent decades (1954-1994), whereas the other land regions for the most part show evidence of increasing cloud cover. This paper expands on Kaiser (1998) by analyzing trends in additional meteorological variables for Chi na [station pressure (p), water vapor pressure (e), and relative humidity (rh)] and extending the total cloud amount (N) analysis an additional two years (through 1996).« less

Publications of LASL research, 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Willis, J.K.; Salazar, C.A.

1980-11-01

This bibliography is a compilation of unclassified publications of work done at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for 1979. Papers published in 1979 are included regardless of when they were actually written. Declassification of previously classified reports is considered to constitute publication. All classified issuances are omitted. If a paper was published more than once, all places of publication are included. The bibliography includes Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory reports, papers released as non-LASL reports, journal articles, books, chapters of books, conference papers (whether published separately or as part of conference proceedings issued as books or reports), papers published in congressionalmore » hearings, theses, and US patents. The entries are arranged in sections by broad subject categories. (RWR)« less

Isoprene emissions over Asia 1979-2012: impact of climate and land-use changes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stavrakou, T.; Müller, J.-F.; Bauwens, M.; De Smedt, I.; Van Roozendael, M.; Guenther, A.; Wild, M.; Xia, X.

2014-05-01

Due to the scarcity of observational constraints and the rapidly changing environment in East and Southeast Asia, isoprene emissions predicted by models are expected to bear substantial uncertainties. The aim of this study is to improve upon the existing bottom-up estimates, and to investigate the temporal evolution of the fluxes in Asia over 1979-2012. To this purpose, we calculate the hourly emissions at 0.5°×0.5° resolution using the MEGAN-MOHYCAN model driven by ECMWF ERA-Interim climatology. In order to remedy for known biases identified in previous studies, and to improve the simulation of interannual variability and trends in emissions, this study incorporates (i) changes in land use, including the rapid expansion of oil palms, (ii) meteorological variability according to ERA-Interim, (iii) long-term changes in solar radiation (dimming/brightening) constrained by surface network radiation measurements, and (iv) recent experimental evidence that South Asian tropical forests are much weaker isoprene emitters than previously assumed, and on the other hand, that oil palms have a strong isoprene emission capacity. These effects lead to a significant lowering (factor of 2) in the total isoprene fluxes over the studied domain, and to emission reductions reaching a factor of 3.5 in Southeast Asia. The bottom-up annual isoprene emissions for 2005 are estimated at 7.0, 4.8, 8.3, and 2.9 Tg in China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia, respectively. The isoprene flux anomaly over the whole domain and studied period is found to be strongly correlated with the Oceanic Niño Index (r = 0.73), with positive (negative) anomalies related to El Niño (La Niña) years. Changes in temperature and solar radiation are the major drivers of the interannual variability and trends in the emissions, except over semi-arid areas such as northwestern China, Pakistan and Kazakhstan, where soil moisture is by far the main cause of interannual emission changes. In our base simulation, annual

Changing pattern of premature mortality burden over 6 years of rapid growth of the economy in suburban south-west China: 1998-2003.

PubMed

Cai, Le; Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi; Geater, Alan

2008-05-01

This study was conducted in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, a poor province in south-west China experiencing rapid economic growth. The study examined the short-term trend in premature mortality burden from common causes of death in a suburban region between 1998 and 2003. Years of life lost (YLL) per 1000 population and mortality rate per 100,000 population were calculated from medical death certificates, and broken down by cause of death, sex and year without age weighting but with a discounting rate of 3%. Non-communicable diseases contributed over 80% of all causes of YLL, with a slightly increasing trend. The combined rate for communicable, maternal, prenatal and nutritional deficiencies declined from 4.7 to 2.4 per 1000 population. Remarkably, declining trends in YLL were also seen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drug use and road traffic accidents, whereas increasing trends were seen for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and liver cancer (males). The YLL rate for stroke, self-inflicted injuries, lung cancer and stomach cancer fluctuated over time. The region should focus on further control of IHD and liver cancer.

China’s Economic Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-20

occurred during the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis when it offered financial assistance to Thailand and pledged not to devalue its currency even though...combination of large trade surpluses, foreign direct investment flows, and large-scale purchases of foreign currency have helped make China the world’s largest...Trade Organization (WTO) commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency policy

29 CFR 1979.114 - Special circumstances; waiver of rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special circumstances; waiver of rules. 1979.114 Section 1979.114 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION..., upon application, after three days notice to all parties and interveners, waive any rule or issue any...

Launch Summary for 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vostreys, R. W.

1980-01-01

Spacecraft launching for 1979 are identified and listed under the categories of (1) sounding rockets, and (2) artificial Earth satellites and space probes. The sounding rockets section includes a listing of the experiments, index of launch sites and tables of the meanings and codes used in the launch listing.

SAGE aerosol measurements. Volume 1: February 21, 1979 to December 31, 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccormick, M. P.

1985-01-01

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) satellite system, launched on February 18, 1979, provides profiles of aerosol extinction, ozone concentration, and nitrogen dioxide concentration between about 80 N and 80 S. Zonal averages, separated into sunrise and sunset events, and seasonal averages of the aerosol extinction at 1.00 microns and 0.45 microns ratios of the aerosol extinction to the molecular extinction at 1.00 microns, and ratios of the aerosol extinction at 0.45 microns to the aerosol extinction at 1.00 microns are given. The averages for 1979 are shown in tables and in profile and contour plots (as a function of altitude and latitude). In addition, temperature data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for the time and location of each SAGE measurement are averaged and shown in a similar format. Typical values of the peak aerosol extinction were 0.0001 to 0.0002 km at 1.00 microns depth values for the 1.00 microns channel varied between 0.001 and 0.002 over all latitudes.

Shooting Stars over China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodges, John

International cultural exchange and education in the sciences and arts is one of the chief aims of the British Council (BC). The 1998 Leonids Meteor Shower was recognised by the BC in China as an event that would offer an opportunity, both to promote the public understanding of space science at an international level, and to encourage on-going cultural links between the United Kingdom and China. Predictions suggested that the 1998 shower, which was likely to be the most intense for more than three decades, would be best viewed in north-east Asia. The BC contracted the Orbital Mechanics Educational Network, an independent organisation that promotes space education amongst young people, to organise several activities aimed particularly at teenagers. The culmination of the project was a visit to Beijing by a party of British teenagers, to take part in meteor observation at China's Mi Yun Observatory. The paper focusses on the practicalities of organising and running such a project and reports on the achievements and shortcomings of the overall venture. It also reports on the observations and findings that were made by the UK group and their Chinese student partners, all of whom were observing a meteor shower for the first time. It reports on the techniques of observing that were tried, the observations themselves and the findings that were made by the group. It also offers advice to those who might wish to set up similar bi-lateral ventures, particularly with China and the UK, and outlines plans to continue and improve the relationships that have been established. (Please note: I realise this is topic not directly covered by the Conference, but how the subject of the meteor phenomenon in particular and, for that matter, science in general is conveyed to the " man in the street" should be important to all scientists, not least because they depend on external funding and public goodwill! Perhaps a suitable slot can be made for this presentation on Tuesday, which is the

A TOMS-Based View of Tropical Tropospheric Ozone (OTTO) From Large Fires Associated with the 1997-1998 El Nino

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Anne M.; Guo, H.; Hudson, R. D.

1998-01-01

Since the launch of Earth-Probe TOMS in July 1 996, we have been producing tropical tropospheric ozone (TTO) maps (10S - 10N), in gridded format, l x 2 degrees, in near-real time. These images, along with images from the full ADEOS-TOMS record of TTO (Sept. 1996 - May 1997) can be viewed on a homepage: http://metosrv2.umd,edu/-tropo). The TTO maps, based on the modified-residual method of Hudson and Thompson [1998], have been validated using ozonesondes from Ascension (8S, 15W), Nairobi (2S, 36E) and American Samoa (14S, 171W). The fires associated with El Nino-induced dryness are exhibited regionally as high tropospheric ozone column (> 60 Dobson Units) with high absorbing aerosol (smoke) signal in TOMS [J. R. Herman, personal communication, 1998]. Episodes of high TTO in 1997-98 will be shown. Regional TTO over Indonesia during the 1997-98 period will be highlighted and comparisons will be made with TTO in that region taken from the 1979-92 Nimbus/TOMS TTO record.

Gas turbine engines and transmissions for bus demonstration programs. Technical status report, 30 April 1979-31 July 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nigro, D.N.

1979-07-01

The quarterly status report covers the period from 30 April 1979 through 31 July 1979 and is a summary of DDA activities for the effort performed on the procurement and delivery of eleven (11) Allison GT 404-4 gas turbine engines and five (5) HT740CT and six (6) V730CT Allison automatic transmissions and the required associated software. The contract requires the delivery of eleven (11) Allison GT 404-4 Industrial Gas Turbine Engines and five (5) HT740CT and six (6) V730CT Allison Automatic Transmissions for the Greyhound and Transit Coaches, respectively. In addition, software items such as cost reports, technical reports, installationmore » drawings, acceptance test data and parts lists are required. A recent decision by the DOE will modify the build configuration for the last four (4) Transit Coach engines. It was decided by the DOE at a meeting in Washington, DC on March 28, 1979 with representatives from DDA, NASA/LeRC, JPL and Booz-Allen and Hamilton that these engines will be built with ceramic regenerators. (TFD)« less

Isoprene emissions over Asia 1979-2012: impact of climate and land use changes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stavrakou, T.; Müller, J.-F.; Bauwens, M.; De Smedt, I.; Van Roozendael, M.; Guenther, A.; Wild, M.; Xia, X.

2013-11-01

Due to the scarcity of observational constraints and the rapidly changing environment in East and Southeast Asia, isoprene emissions predicted by models are expected to bear substantial uncertainties. The aim of this study is to improve upon the existing bottom-up estimates, and investigate the temporal evolution of the fluxes in Asia over 1979-2012. To this purpose, we calculate the hourly emissions at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution using the MEGAN-MOHYCAN model driven by ECMWF ERA-Interim climatology. This study incorporates (i) changes in land use, including the rapid expansion of oil palms, (ii) meteorological variability according to ERA-Interim, (iii) long-term changes in solar radiation (dimming/brightening) constrained by surface network radiation measurements, and (iv) recent experimental evidence that South Asian tropical forests are much weaker isoprene emitters than previously assumed, and on the other hand, that oil palms hold a strong isoprene emission capacity. These effects lead to a significant lowering (factor of two) in the total isoprene fluxes over the studied domain, and to emission reductions reaching a~factor of 3.5 in Southeast Asia. The bottom-up annual isoprene emissions for 2005 are estimated at 7.0, 4.8, 8.3, 2.9 Tg in China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia, respectively. Changes in temperature and solar radiation are the major drivers of the interannual variability and trend in the emissions. An annual positive flux trend of 0.2% and 0.52% is found in Asia and China, respectively, through the entire period, related to positive trend in temperature and solar radiation. The impact of oil palm expansion in Indonesia and Malaysia is to enhance the trends over that region, e.g. from 1.17% to 1.5% in 1979-2005 in Malaysia. A negative emission trend is derived in India (-0.4%), owing to the negative trend in solar radiation data associated to the strong dimming effect likely due to increasing aerosol loadings. The bottom-up emissions are evaluated

Southern pulpwood production, 1979

Treesearch

Thomas R. Bellamy; Cecil C. Hutchins

1979-01-01

Pulpwood production in the South rose a modest 7 percent in 1979 to 54 million cords. Of the increase, 55 percent was from roundwood and 45 percent was from plant byproducts. Pulping capacity of the 115 mills in the South also rose 7 percent to over 110,000 tons per day.

Research and Publications in New York State History, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bliven, Briane C., Comp.

This 1979 edition contains briefly annotated references to all New York state history-related works which were either published, completed, or in progress during 1979. Entries were selected on the basis of presenting a new historical viewpoint or making available new knowledge on any aspect of New York history. Entries include books, pamphlets,…

Selected water-level records for Oklahoma, 1979-80

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mills, Willard B.; Spiser, Dannie E.

1980-01-01

Water-level data in table 1 are from wells that are measured annually, prior to the irrigation season to achieve the most natural representation of the static water level. Water level measurements listed in the column under 1979 may have been made during December 1978 or January, February, March, April, or May 1979. Measurements listed in the column 1980 may have been made during December 1979 or January, February, March, or April 1980. Figure 1 shows the counties and number of wells therein, where data were obtained for this report. Records of water levels in Oklahoma are obtained through a cooperative program by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and the U.S. Geological Survey. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board collects water level data for all counties in the State and the records are tabulated and published by the U.S. Geological Survey on an annual basis. The stratigraphic nomenclature and age determinations used in this report are those accepted by the Oklahoma Geological Survey and do not necessarily agree with those at the U.S. Geological Survey except for the Cheyenne Sandstone which is considered to be Purgatoire Sandstone by the Oklahoma Geological Survey (Robert O. Fay, Personal Communication, August 9, 1979).

China's family planning policy today.

PubMed

Meredith, W H

1993-01-01

This paper reviews China's family planning (FP) policy and its progress and problems in reaching state goals. Opening with a brief description of the one-child policy introduced in 1979, the paper moves backward in time to a consideration of the historical perspective and government policy. The current situation is then described in more detail. It is noted that China's population of 1.14 billion in 1990 would have been 1.3 billion without FP and that China contains 22% of the world's population with only 7% of its arable land. The state hopes to limit the growth rate to 12.5/1000 in the coming decade but a birth peak is predicted, birth control work has progressed very unevenly, marriage and pregnancy under age 18 is still common in rural areas, and life expectancy has risen. Urban compliance is very high, but the desire to have sons is still strong in rural areas. Problems with the birth rate among the migrating population are being addressed by the requirement that migrants produce "FP cards" before applying for residency permits. It is believed that female infanticide is still practiced in rural areas and that eliminating son preference would reduce the overall birth rate. While many couples rely on sterilization, the government is conducting research on new forms of the IUD (the most popular contraceptive) and vaccines and is encouraging the use of condoms. Most contraceptives are distributed free through an extensive network of FP associations. China has faced international criticism for the potential abuse to human rights implicit in its one-child policy, but China maintains that it opposes forced abortions, forbids infanticide, and that the FP policy reflects a more humane response to the reality of China's situation than would allowing couples to have large families. While China's methods would not work in a more pluralistic society which extols individualism, China's success or failure will in large measure determine the future of the world.

Science and Technology: Cooperation between the United States and China. Hearing before the Special Subcommittee on U.S. Trade with China of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session (October 31, November 3, 1983).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

These hearings addressed cooperative efforts of the United States and the People's Republic of China under the 1979 agreement on science and technology. Thus far, there are more than 20 signed protocols (included in appendices) implementing the agreement in various scientific and technological areas. Activities in such areas as energy, health,…

1979 National Unified Entrance Examination for Institutions of Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chinese Education, 1979

1979-01-01

The article presents translations of Chinese college entrance examinations in the fields of politics, Chinese language and literature, mathematics, humanities, physics, chemistry, history, geography, and English. Translations are also presented of the 1979 review syllabus for 1979 for the same subject areas. (DB)

Changing Epidemiology of Human Brucellosis, China, 1955–2014

PubMed Central

Lai, Shengjie; Zhou, Hang; Xiong, Weiyi; Gilbert, Marius; Huang, Zhuojie; Yu, Jianxing; Yin, Wenwu; Wang, Liping; Chen, Qiulan; Li, Yu; Mu, Di; Zeng, Lingjia; Ren, Xiang; Geng, Mengjie; Zhang, Zike; Cui, Buyun; Li, Tiefeng; Wang, Dali; Li, Zhongjie; Wardrop, Nicola A.; Tatem, Andrew J.

2017-01-01

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, was made statutorily notifiable in China in 1955. We analyzed the incidence and spatial–temporal distribution of human brucellosis during 1955–2014 in China using notifiable surveillance data: aggregated data for 1955–2003 and individual case data for 2004–2014. A total of 513,034 brucellosis cases were recorded, of which 99.3% were reported in northern China during 1955–2014, and 69.1% (258, 462/374, 141) occurred during February–July in 1990–2014. Incidence remained high during 1955–1978 (interquartile range 0.42–1.0 cases/100,000 residents), then decreased dramatically in 1979–1994. However, brucellosis has reemerged since 1995 (interquartile range 0.11–0.23 in 1995–2003 and 1.48–2.89 in 2004–2014); the historical high occurred in 2014, and the affected area expanded from northern pastureland provinces to the adjacent grassland and agricultural areas, then to southern coastal and southwestern areas. Control strategies in China should be adjusted to account for these changes by adopting a One Health approach. PMID:28098531

Chancellor's Report, 1979-1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ohio Board of Regents, Columbus.

A summary of developments in higher education in Ohio during 1979-1983 is presented by the Chancellor of the Ohio Board of Regents. Information is provided on: public and private college enrollments; full- and part-time enrollments; degrees awarded at public institutions; the number of full-time-equivalent faculty and staff employed by public…

Cultivation of macroscopic marine algae and freshwater aquatic needs. Progress report, May 1, 1979-December 15, 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ryther, J H

1980-01-01

Progress for the period May 1979 to December 1979 is reported in the following subject areas: (1) the ORCA clone of the red seaweed Gracilaria tikvakiae has now been grown continuously in tank culture for two years; (2) studies were continued on the culture of freshwater plants such as water hyacinth, pennywort, water lettuce, and duckweed; (3) the loss of water from evapotranspiration of freshwater plants was measured and compared with water loss from evaporation from open water; and (4) experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of recycling the chemicals left in the solid and liquid residues following anaerobicmore » digestion and methane production as a source of nutrients for new plant production. (ACR)« less

Spatial-temporal dynamics of NDVI and Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2009 in the East coastal zone of China: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components.

PubMed

Hou, Xiyong; Li, Mingjie; Gao, Meng; Yu, Liangju; Bi, Xiaoli

2013-01-01

Annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration are the most important large-scale indicators of terrestrial and oceanic ecosystem net primary productivity. In this paper, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor level 3 standard mapped image annual products from 1998 to 2009 are used to study the spatial-temporal characters of terrestrial NDVI and oceanic Chl-a concentration on two sides of the coastline of China by using the methods of mean value (M), coefficient of variation (CV), the slope of unary linear regression model (Slope), and the Hurst index (H). In detail, we researched and analyzed the spatial-temporal dynamics, the longitudinal zonality and latitudinal zonality, the direction, intensity, and persistency of historical changes. The results showed that: (1) spatial patterns of M and CV between NDVI and Chl-a concentration from 1998 to 2009 were very different. The dynamic variation of terrestrial NDVI was much mild, while the variation of oceanic Chl-a concentration was relatively much larger; (2) distinct longitudinal zonality was found for Chl-a concentration and NDVI due to their hypersensitivity to the distance to shoreline, and strong latitudinal zonality existed for Chl-a concentration while terrestrial NDVI had a very weak latitudinal zonality; (3) overall, the NDVI showed a slight decreasing trend while the Chl-a concentration showed a significant increasing trend in the past 12 years, and both of them exhibit strong self-similarity and long-range dependence which indicates opposite future trends between land and ocean.

Three-dimensional numerical modeling of land subsidence in Shanghai, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Shujun; Luo, Yue; Wu, Jichun; Yan, Xuexin; Wang, Hanmei; Jiao, Xun; Teatini, Pietro

2016-05-01

Shanghai, in China, has experienced two periods of rapid land subsidence mainly caused by groundwater exploitation related to economic and population growth. The first period occurred during 1956-1965 and was characterized by an average land subsidence rate of 83 mm/yr, and the second period occurred during 1990-1998 with an average subsidence rate of 16 mm/yr. Owing to the establishment of monitoring networks for groundwater levels and land subsidence, a valuable dataset has been collected since the 1960s and used to develop regional land subsidence models applied to manage groundwater resources and mitigate land subsidence. The previous geomechanical modeling approaches to simulate land subsidence were based on one-dimensional (1D) vertical stress and deformation. In this study, a numerical model of land subsidence is developed to simulate explicitly coupled three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow and 3D aquifer-system displacements in downtown Shanghai from 30 December 1979 to 30 December 1995. The model is calibrated using piezometric, geodetic-leveling, and borehole extensometer measurements made during the 16-year simulation period. The 3D model satisfactorily reproduces the measured piezometric and deformation observations. For the first time, the capability exists to provide some preliminary estimations on the horizontal displacement field associated with the well-known land subsidence in Shanghai and for which no measurements are available. The simulated horizontal displacements peak at 11 mm, i.e. less than 10 % of the simulated maximum land subsidence, and seems too small to seriously damage infrastructure such as the subways (metro lines) in the center area of Shanghai.

Greenland 1979 microwave remote sensing data catalog report, 14-15 October 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hennigar, H. F.; Hirstein, W. S.; Schaffner, S. K.; Delnore, V. E.; Grantham, W. L.

1983-01-01

Microwave remote sensing measurements were cataloged for active and passive instruments in support of the 1979 Greenland Remote Sensing Experiment. Instruments used in this field experiment include the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (4 to 8 GHz) and the airborne microwave scatterometer (14.6 GHz). The microwave signature data are inventoried and cataloged in a user friendly format and are available on 9 track computer compatible tapes upon request.

Observed variability of summer precipitation pattern and extreme events in East China associated with variations of the East Asian summer monsoon: VARIABILITY OF SUMMER PRECIPITATION AND EXTREME EVENT IN EAST CHINA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Lei; Qian, Yun; Zhang, Yaocun

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of interannual and interdecadal variations of summer precipitation and precipitation-related extreme events in China associated with variations of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) from 1979-2012. A high-quality daily precipitation dataset covering 2287 weather stations in China is analyzed. Based on the precipitation pattern analysis using empirical orthogonal functions, three sub-periods of 1979-1992 (period I), 1993-1999 (period II) and 2000-2012 (period III) are identified to be representative of the precipitation variability. Similar significant variability of the extreme precipitation indices is found across four sub-regions in eastern China. The spatial patterns of summer mean precipitation,more » the number of days with daily rainfall exceeding 95th percentile precipitation (R95p) and the maximum number of consecutive wet days (CWD) anomalies are consistent, but opposite to that of maximum consecutive dry days (CDD) anomalies during the three sub-periods. However, the spatial patterns of hydroclimatic intensity (HY-INT) are notably different from that of the other three extreme indices, but highly correlated to the dry events. The changes of precipitation anomaly patterns are accompanied by the change of the EASM regime and the abrupt shift of the position of the west Pacific subtropical high around 1992/1993 and 1999/2000, respectively, which influence the moisture transport that contributes most to the precipitation anomalies. Lastly, the EASM intensity is linked to sea surface temperature anomaly over the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean that influences deep convection over the oceans.« less

Pulpwood production in the north central region, by county, 1979.

Treesearch

James E. Blyth; W. Brad Smith

1980-01-01

Discusses 1979 production and receipts and recent production for other years in the Lake and Central States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Inventory Unit with that of previous years. Presents 1979 production and receipts data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri, and shows four...

Selected DOE Headquarters publications, October 1979-

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1980-11-01

This publication provides a cumulative listing of and an index to DOE headquarters publications issued since October 1979. (Publications issued during October 1977 to September 1979 are covered in DOE/AD-0010/6.) Three types of headquarters publications are included: publications dealing mainly with program and policy that are attributed to and issued by headquarters organizations, reports prepared by contractors (and published by DOE) to describe research and development work they have performed for the Department, and environmental development plans, environmental impact statements, and environmental readiness documents. Certain publications have been omitted. They include such items as pamphlets, fact sheets, bulletins, newsletters, andmore » telephone directories. Also omitted are weekly/monthly reports of the Energy Information Administration and headquarters publications issued under the DOE-tr and CONF codes. (RWR)« less

Isoprene emissions over Asia 1979–2012: impact of climate and land-use changes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stavrakou, T.; Müller, J. -F.; Bauwens, M.

2014-01-01

Due to the scarcity of observational constraints and the rapidly changing environment in East and Southeast Asia, isoprene emissions predicted by models are expected to bear substantial uncertainties. The aim of this study is to improve upon the existing bottom-up estimates, and to investigate the temporal evolution of the fluxes in Asia over 1979–2012. To this purpose, we calculate the hourly emissions at 0.5°×0.5° resolution using the MEGAN–MOHYCAN model driven by ECMWF ERA-Interim climatology. In order to remedy for known biases identified in previous studies, and to improve the simulation of interannual variability and trends in emissions, this study incorporatesmore » (i) changes in land use, including the rapid expansion of oil palms, (ii) meteorological variability according to ERA-Interim, (iii) long-term changes in solar radiation (dimming/brightening) constrained by surface network radiation measurements, and (iv) recent experimental evidence that South Asian tropical forests are much weaker isoprene emitters than previously assumed, and on the other hand, that oil palms have a strong isoprene emission capacity. These effects lead to a significant lowering (factor of 2) in the total isoprene fluxes over the studied domain, and to emission reductions reaching a factor of 3.5 in Southeast Asia. The bottom-up annual isoprene emissions for 2005 are estimated at 7.0, 4.8, 8.3, and 2.9 Tg in China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia, respectively. The isoprene flux anomaly over the whole domain and studied period is found to be strongly correlated with the Oceanic Niño Index (r = 0.73), with positive (negative) anomalies related to El Niño (La Niña) years. Changes in temperature and solar radiation are the major drivers of the interannual variability and trends in the emissions, except over semi-arid areas such as northwestern China, Pakistan and Kazakhstan, where soil moisture is by far the main cause of interannual emission changes. In our base

Early Developments, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Loyd, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the two 1998 issues of a journal reporting new research in early child development conducted by the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In the Spring 1998 issue, articles highlight the Center's diverse cross-cultural projects and global research, training and…

General Aviation Avionics Statistics : 1979 Data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

This report presents avionics statistics for the 1979 general aviation (GA) aircraft fleet and is the sixth in a series titled General Aviation Avionics Statistics. The statistics preseneted in a capability group framework which enables one to relate...

Exposure to oil mist and oil vapour during offshore drilling in norway, 1979-2004.

PubMed

Steinsvåg, Kjersti; Bråtveit, Magne; Moen, Bente E

2006-03-01

To describe personal exposure to airborne hydrocarbon contaminants (oil mist and oil vapour) from 1979 to 2004 in the mud-handling areas of offshore drilling facilities operating on the Norwegian continental shelf when drilling with oil-based muds. Qualitative and quantitative information was gathered during visits to companies involved in offshore oil and gas production in Norway. Monitoring reports on oil mist and oil vapour exposure covered 37 drilling facilities. Exposure data were analysed using descriptive statistics and by constructing linear mixed-effects models. Samples had been taken during the use of three generations of hydrocarbon base oils, namely diesel oils (1979-1984), low-aromatic mineral oils (1985-1997) and non-aromatic mineral oils (1998-2004). Sampling done before 1984 showed high exposure to diesel vapour (arithmetic mean, AM = 1217 mg m(-3)). When low-aromatic mineral oils were used, the exposure to oil mist and oil vapour was 4.3 and 36 mg m(-3), and the respective AMs for non-aromatic mineral oils were reduced to 0.54 and 16 mg m(-3). Downward time trends were indicated for both oil mist (6% per year) and oil vapour (8% per year) when the year of monitoring was introduced as a fixed effect in a linear mixed-effects model analysis. Rig type, technical control measures and mud temperature significantly determined exposure to oil mist. Rig type, type of base oil, viscosity of the base oil, work area, mud temperature and season significantly determined exposure to oil vapour. Major decreases in variability were found for the between-rig components. Exposure to oil mist and oil vapour declined over time in the mud-handling areas of offshore drilling facilities. Exposure levels were associated with rig type, mud temperature, technical control measures, base oil, viscosity of the base oil, work area and season.

Prevalence and prognosis of schizophrenia in Jinuo people in China: a prospective 30-year follow-up study.

PubMed

Yang, JianZhong; Kang, ChuanYuan; Zeng, Yong; Li, JianHua; Li, PeiKai; Wan, WenPeng; Zhao, XuDong; Guo, WanJun; Xu, XiuFeng; Yang, XiaoBin; Li, QiuYuan; Liu, XiaoYan; Pauline, Sung-Chan

2014-08-01

There are few studies investigating the influence of the development on mental health of minorities in China. To follow up the prevalence, natural course and prognosis of schizophrenia in Jinuo people, the last group to be recognized as a 'national minority' in China, every 10 years since 1979. From 1979 to 2009, 15%-19% of Jinuo residents were evaluated by random cluster sampling and followed up every 10 years using the Chinese version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as the screening tool and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) as diagnostic criteria tool. There were no significant differences for the lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of schizophrenia across the three decades. Neither were there any significant differences for the prognosis of schizophrenia; however, at least half the patients had deteriorated or had residual symptoms in the follow-up. PANSS symptoms were significantly different according to different illness duration. During the three decades, there was no increasing trend for schizophrenia prevalence in Jinuo society; however, the prognosis of schizophrenia was not optimistic. In the natural, untreated status, schizophrenia patients with an illness duration of more than 20 years had more serious symptoms. © The Author(s) 2013.

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon During 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

2003-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated with a coupled mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed land surface model. The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data fiom the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The simulation with the land surface model captured basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. The sensitivity tests indicated that land surface processes had a greater impact on the simulated rainfall results than that of a small sea surface temperature change during the onset period. In both the 1997 and 1998 cases, the simulations were significantly improved by including the land surface processes. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation; the southwest low-level flow over the Indo- China peninsula and the northern cold front intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat exchange between the land and atmosphere modified the lowlevel temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat from the detailed land surface model improved the monsoon rainfall and associated wind simulation.

Trends in Total Cloud Amount Over China (1951 - 1994)

DOE Data Explorer

Kaiser, Dale P. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States).

1999-01-01

These total cloud amount time series for China are derived from the work of Kaiser (1998). The cloud data were extracted from a database of 6-hourly weather observations provided by the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) to the U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) through a bilateral research agreement. Surface-observed (visual) six-hourly observations [0200, 0800, 1400, and 2000 Beijing Time (BT)] of cloud amount (0-10 tenths of sky cover) were available from 196 Chinese stations covering the period 1954-94. Data from 1951-1953 were also available; however, they only included 0800, 1400, and 2000 BT observations.

Little emperors: behavioral impacts of China's One-Child Policy.

PubMed

Cameron, L; Erkal, N; Gangadharan, L; Meng, X

2013-02-22

We document that China's One-Child Policy (OCP), one of the most radical approaches to limiting population growth, has produced significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. Our data were collected from economics experiments conducted with 421 individuals born just before and just after the OCP's introduction in 1979. Surveys to elicit personality traits were also used. We used the exogenous imposition of the OCP to identify the causal impact of being an only child, net of family background effects. The OCP thus has significant ramifications for Chinese society.

Forest Statistics for Ohio--1979

Treesearch

Donald F. Dennis; Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

1981-01-01

A statistical report on the third forest survey of Ohio conducted in 1978 and 1979. Statistical findings are based on data from remeasured and new 10-point variable radius plots. The current status of forest-land area, timber volume, and annual growth and removals is presented. Timber products output by timber industries, based on a 1978 updated canvass of...

Climatology and trend of wind power resources in China and its surrounding regions: a revisit using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data

Treesearch

Lejiang Yu; Shiyuan Zhong; Xindi Bian; Warren E. Heilman

2015-01-01

The mean climatology, seasonal and interannual variability and trend of wind speeds at the hub height (80 m) of modern wind turbines over China and its surrounding regions are revisited using 33-year (1979–2011) wind data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) that has many improvements including higher spatial resolution over previous global reanalysis...

Doctors in China: improving quality through modernisation of residency education.

PubMed

Zhu, Jiming; Li, Wenkai; Chen, Lincoln

2016-10-15

There is growing recognition that the ultimate success of China's ambitious health reform (enacted in 2009) and higher education reform (1998) depends on well educated health professionals who have the clinical, ethical, and human competencies necessary for the provision of quality services. In this Review, we describe and analyse graduate education of doctors in China by discussing the country's health workforce and their clinical residency education. China has launched a new system called the 5 + 3 (5 year undergraduate and 3 year residency [standardised residency training]), which aims to set national quality standards. To improve understanding for the Chinese model, we present a comparative perspective with systems from the UK and USA. To succeed, the 5 + 3 model will need to overcome major challenges of accreditation and certification, alternative education pathways, and China's unique degree and credentialing system. We conclude by reviewing the challenges of clinical competencies in China, especially the complementarity of specialist training and general practitioner training, which are essential for the quality and equity of China's health-care system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reprint Accession List 1979. Number 9.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

2(8153):1184-1185, 1979 Acc. No. 1202 BARSOUM, R.S., BASSILY, S., SOLIMAN, M.M., RAMZY, M.F., MILAD, M. and HASSABALLA, A-M.: Renal Amyloidosis and...Number PARASITOLOGY Schistosoma mansoni 1185, 1195 Schistosoma mansoni infection in hamsters 1188 PATHOLOGY Renal Amyloidosis 1202 RADIOLOGY The effect

1969-1979 A Decade of Revolution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Gladwin

1979-01-01

Reviewed are the trends in environmental quality during the ten years between the 1979 Annual Index and the first done in 1969. Included are analyses of trends in wildlife, air, soil, minerals, forests, living space, and water. Major events in the environmental movement are reviewed. (RE)

Persisting and strong warming hiatus over eastern China during the past two decades

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yang; Zhai, Panmao

2017-10-01

During the past two decades since 1997, eastern China has experienced a warming hiatus punctuated by significant cooling in daily-minimum temperature (Tmin), particularly during early-mid winter. By arbitrarily configuring start and end years, a ‘vantage hiatus period’ in eastern China is detected over 1998-2013, during when the domain-averaged Tmin exhibited the strongest cooling trend and the number of significant cooling stations peaked. Regions most susceptible to the warming hiatus are located in North China, the Yangtze-Huai River Valley and South China, where significant cooling in Tmin persisted through 2016. This sustained hiatus gave rise to increasingly frequent and severe cold extremes there. Concerning its prolonged persistency and great cooling rate, the recent warming hiatus over eastern China deviates much from most historical short-term trends during the past five decades, and thus could be viewed as an outlier against the prevalent warming context.

Toxic Shock Syndrome in the United States: Surveillance Update, 1979–19961

PubMed Central

Reingold, Arthur; Weil, Alexis; Shutt, Kathleen; Schuchat, Anne; Perkins, Bradley A.

1999-01-01

Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) emerged as a public health threat to women of reproductive age in 1979–80. We reviewed surveillance data for the period 1979 to 1996, when 5,296 cases were reported, and discuss changes in the epidemiologic features of TSS. PMID:10603216

Influence of WeChat on sleep quality among undergraduates in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Xu, Xianglong; Lin, Qianyi; Zhang, Yan; Zhu, Runzhi; Sharma, Manoj; Zhao, Yong

2016-01-01

Previous studies showed that social media is associated with sleep quality. WeChat (a native social media in China) is very popular in China, especially among the youth. In the second quarter of 2016, Tencent's WeChat had 806 million monthly active users. The study sought to identify the influence of WeChat on the sleep quality among undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey adopted a multi-stage stratified sampling survey to investigate undergraduates in Chongqing, China. Data were collected on 1979 eligible adults, aged 20.27 (SD: 1.26) years old, using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality. Respondents aged 20.27 ± 1.26 years included 535 (27.0%) males, and 1311 (66.3%) reported as having poor sleep quality. Of the 1979 participants, 1320 (66.70%) were WeChat users. In multivariable analyses, gender, grade, nationality, living costs, the student leader, the only child, type of university, WeChat usage was associated with domains of PSQI among undergraduates ( p  < 0.05 for all). Compared with non-users, WeChat users had a lower score of subjective quality of sleep, sleep latency, use of sleeping medication, daytime dysfunction, and global PSQI score ( p  < 0.05 for all). WeChat users may have better sleep quality than non-WeChat users among undergraduates. To determine causal relationships, further longitudinal studies will be required to test for the association between WeChat users and sleep quality. This study may also provide some implications for health promotion on sleep quality of undergraduate students.

Revised Nuffield Chemistry: October 1979 School Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dawson, B. E.

1980-01-01

Presents some of the preliminary results of a survey study about the use of both the revised publications and GCE O-Level examinations for Nuffield Chemistry in 495 British schools and colleges in 1979. (HM)

The Education and Training of Employees in 12 Counties in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xiao, Jin; Lo, Leslie

2005-01-01

Developing competence in the workforce for a changing economy is a challenge to a nations education system. This study examines what education and training systems have been made available to the workforce. For this study, in 1998, 31,736 employees were surveyed from 401 firms in 12 counties across China: four in two eastern provinces, four in two…

From Environment to Sustainable Development: China's Strategies for ESD in Basic Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Tiedao

2010-01-01

This paper intends to provide an overview of the reorientation of education in China in the period 1998-2009 with regard to development issues. During this time, the focus has shifted gradually from the environment and health to education for sustainable development. The article centres on highlighting the main interventions and strategies adopted…

Changes in Attitudes toward Parenting among College Women: 1972 and 1979 Samples.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, Alicia S.; And Others

1982-01-01

Compared undergraduate women students' attitudes during 1972 and 1979. When compared to the 1972 sample, the 1979 sample desired fewer children, was more accepting of nonparenting decisions, expressed more uncertainty regarding desire for parenting as a factor in selection of a mate, and appeared less concerned about overpopulation. (Author)

Breast Cancer Estrogen Receptor Status According to Biological Generation: US Black and White Women Born 1915-1979.

PubMed

Krieger, Nancy; Jahn, Jaquelyn L; Waterman, Pamela D; Chen, Jarvis T

2018-05-01

Evidence suggests that contemporary population distributions of estrogen-receptor (ER) status among breast cancer patients may be shaped by earlier major societal events, such as the 1965 abolition of legal racial discrimination in the United States (state and local "Jim Crow" laws) and the Great Famine in China (1959-1961). We analyzed changes in ER status in relation to Jim Crow birthplace among the 46,417 black and 339,830 white US-born, non-Hispanic women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 13 Registry Group who were born between 1915 and 1979 and diagnosed (ages 25-84 years, inclusive) during 1992-2012. We grouped the cases according to birth cohort and quantified the rate of change using the haldane (which scales change in relation to biological generation). The percentage of ER-positive cases rose according to birth cohort (1915-1919 to 1975-1979) only among women diagnosed before age 55. Changes according to biological generation were greater among black women than among white women, and among black women, they were greatest among those born in Jim Crow (versus non-Jim Crow) states, with this group being the only group to exhibit high haldane values (>|0.3|, indicating high rate of change). Our study's analytical approach and findings underscore the need to consider history and societal context when analyzing ER status among breast cancer patients and racial/ethnic inequities in its distribution.

The State of Civil Rights: 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gleiter, Caroline Davis; And Others

The status of civil rights in housing, education, and employment is reviewed in this report. Among the conclusions are: (l) although 1979 court decisions helped to remedy discriminatory housing policies and practices, housing discrimination remains widespread throughout the United States, and decent housing for older persons, minorities, and…

Recent Additions for 1998

EPA Science Inventory

December 22, 1998

Benchmark Dose Software

December 16, 1998

Bibliography of Lewis Research Center Technical Publications announced in 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

This compilation of over 1100 abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1979. All the publications were announced in the 1979 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses are included. Subject, author, corporate source, contract number, and report number indexes are provided.

Temperature variability inferred from tree-ring records in Weichang region, China, and its teleconnection with large-scale climate forcing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yanchao; Liu, Yu; Zhang, Huifang; Wang, Hui; Guo, Jingli; Zhang, Erliang; Wang, Jun; Li, Xiao

2018-04-01

Based on the combination of two dendrochronologies, the annual mean temperature from May to June for the last 160 years was reconstructed in Weichang region, China, with the predictor variables accounting 43.3% of the variance during the calibration period of 1956-2012. Warm periods with temperature levels great than the mean (17.66 °C) occurred in 1853-1881, 1886-1891, 1904-1909, 1923-1930, 1964-1970, 1980-1988, 1998-2002 and 2007-2011; and cold periods with temperature levels less than the mean occurred in 1882-1885, 1892-1898, 1901-1903, 1910-1922, 1931-1963, 1971-1979, 1989-1997 and 2003-2006. The reconstruction showed that droughts usually occurred in the warm years. And the reconstructed temperature series showed an almost reverse trend to the total precipitation of previous August to present July from Chifeng-Weichang on inter-decadal scale, which indicate the basic feature of climate was warm-dry and cold-wet in Weichang region. The reconstructed temperature series showed a linear increasing trend with a rise 0.11 °C from 1880 to 2012. Comparisons with other temperature series revealed a consistently warming trend after the mid-1950s and confirmed a good repeatability and high reliability in our reconstruction. Spatial correlation implied the reconstruction could represent a regional temperature signal in the large parts of northern China and Central-Eastern Mongolia. The multi-taper method reveals several significant periodicities in our reconstruction over the past 160 years, suggesting possible linkages with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, lunar gravity, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and solar activity. Correlation analysis between the reconstruction and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), lunar geocentric declination, PDO and sunspot number further demonstrates that the temperature variations in Weichang region are negatively correlated with SOI and positively correlated with lunar gravity, PDO and solar activity in the long term.

29 CFR 1979.109 - Decision and orders of the administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. 1979... § 1979.109 Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. (a) The decision of the administrative law judge will contain appropriate findings, conclusions, and an order pertaining to the remedies...

29 CFR 1979.109 - Decision and orders of the administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. 1979... § 1979.109 Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. (a) The decision of the administrative law judge will contain appropriate findings, conclusions, and an order pertaining to the remedies...

29 CFR 1979.109 - Decision and orders of the administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. 1979... § 1979.109 Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. (a) The decision of the administrative law judge will contain appropriate findings, conclusions, and an order pertaining to the remedies...

29 CFR 1979.109 - Decision and orders of the administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. 1979... § 1979.109 Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. (a) The decision of the administrative law judge will contain appropriate findings, conclusions, and an order pertaining to the remedies...

29 CFR 1979.109 - Decision and orders of the administrative law judge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. 1979... § 1979.109 Decision and orders of the administrative law judge. (a) The decision of the administrative law judge will contain appropriate findings, conclusions, and an order pertaining to the remedies...

Increasing flash droughts over China during the recent global warming hiatus

PubMed Central

Wang, Linying; Yuan, Xing; Xie, Zhenghui; Wu, Peili; Li, Yaohui

2016-01-01

The recent global warming slowdown or hiatus after the big El Niño event in 1997/98 raises the questions of whether terrestrial hydrological cycle is being decelerated and how do the hydrological extremes respond to the hiatus. However, the rapidly developing drought events that are termed as “flash droughts” accompanied by extreme heat, low soil moisture and high evapotranspiration (ET), occurred frequently around the world, and caused devastating impacts on crop yields and water supply. Here, we investigate the long-term trend and variability of flash droughts over China. Flash droughts are most likely to occur over humid and semi-humid regions, such as southern and northeastern China. Flash drought averaged over China increased by 109% from 1979 to 2010, and the increase was mainly due to a long term warming of temperature (50%), followed by the contributions from decreasing soil moisture and increasing ET. There was a slight drop in temperature after 1997, but the increasing trend of flash droughts was tripled. Further results indicate that the decreasing temperature was compensated by the accelerated drying trends of soil moisture and enhanced ET, leading to an acceleration of flash droughts during the warming hiatus. The anthropogenic warming in the next few decades may exacerbate future flash drought conditions in China. PMID:27513724

International energy outlook 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-04-01

The International Energy Outlook 1998 (IEO98) presents an assessment by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the outlook for international energy markets through 2020. Projections in IEO98 are displaced according to six basic country groupings. The industrialized region includes projections for four individual countries -- the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Japan -- along with the subgroups Western Europe and Australasia (defined as Australia, New Zealand, and the US Territories). The developing countries are represented by four separate regional subgroups: developing Asia, Africa, Middle East, and Central and South America. China and India are represented in developing Asia. New tomore » this year`s report, country-level projections are provided for Brazil -- which is represented in Central and South America. Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (EE/FSU) are considered as a separate country grouping. The report begins with a review of world trends in energy demand. Regional consumption projections for oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear power, and renewable energy (hydroelectricity, geothermal, wind, solar, and other renewables) are presented in five fuel chapters, with a review of the current status of each fuel on a worldwide basis. Summary tables of the IEO98 projections for world energy consumption, carbon emissions, oil production, and nuclear power generating capacity are provided in Appendix A. 88 figs., 77 tabs.« less

SAM 2 Measurements of the Polar Stratospheric Aerosol, volume 2. April 1979 to October 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccormick, M. P.; Steele, H. M.; Hamill, P.

1982-01-01

The Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement (SAM) II sensor is abroad the Earth orbiting Nimbus 7 spacecraft proving extinction measurements of the Antarctic and Arctic stratospheric aerosol with a vertical resolution of 1 km. Representative examples and weekly averages of aerosol data and corresponding temperature profiles for the time and place of each SAM II measurement (April 29, 1979, to October 27, 1979) is presented. Contours of aerosol extinction as a function of altitude and longitude or time were plotted and weekly aerosol optical depths were calculated. Seasonal variations and variations in space (altitude and longitude) for both polar regions are easily seen. Typical values of aerosol extinction at the SAM II wavelength of 1.0 micron for the time priod were 1 to 3 x 10 to the -4th power km -1 in the main stratospheric aerosol layer. Optical depths for the stratosphere were about 0.002. Polar stratospheric clouds at altitudes between the tropopause and 20 km were observed during the Antarctic winter at various times and locations. A ready-to-use format containing a representative sample of the second 6 months of data to be used in atmospheric and climatic studies is presented.

Activity of the 1998 Leonid Shower From the Video Records

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenniskens, Peter

1999-01-01

Video observations of the Leonid shower aboard two aircraft in the 1998 Leonid multi-instrument aircraft campaign and from ground locations in China are presented. Observing at altitude proved particularly effective, with four times higher rates due to low extinction and low angular velocity at the horizon. The rates, derived from a total of 2500 Leonid meteors, trace at least two distinct dust components. One dominated the night of 1998 November 16/17. This two-day wide component was rich in bright meteors with r = N (m + 1)/N (m) approximately equal 1.5 (s = 1.4) and peaked at an influx of 3.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(exp -12) /sq m.s (for particles of mass < 7 x 10(exp -5) g) at solar longitude lambda(sub 0) approximately equal 234.52 (Eq. J2000). The other more narrow component peaked on 1998 November 17/18 at lambda(sub 0) = 235.31 +/- 0.01. Rates were elevated above the broad component between lambda(sub 0) = 235.15 and 235.40, symmetric around the current node of the parent comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, peaking at 5.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(exp -12) /sq m.s. The population index was higher, r = 1.8 +/- 0.1 (s = 1.7), but not as high as in past Leonid storms (r = 3.0). The flux profile of this component has an unusual asymmetric shape, which implies a blend of contributions from at least two different but relatively recent epochs of ejection. The variation of r across the profile might be due to mass-dependent ejection velocities of the narrowest component. High rates of faint meteors occurred only in an isolated five-minute interval at lambda(sub 0) = 235.198, which is likely the result of a single meteoroid breakup in space.

Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1979-1984: A chronology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janson, Bette R.; Ritchie, Eleanor H.

1989-01-01

This volume of the Astronautics and Aeronautics series covers 1979 through 1984. The series provides a chronological presentation of all significant events and developments in space exploration and the administration of the space program during the period covered.

Appropriations: State Tax Funds for Operating Expenses of Higher Education, 1979-1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chambers, M. M.

Information about tax assistance to public universities and colleges for 1979-1980 is provided. The report details state tax-fund appropriations alphabetically by state for operating expenses of higher education. Among findings were that the 50 states appropriated more than $19 billion for annual operating expenses in fiscal year 1979-1980, that…

Les Anglo-americanismes du "Petit Larousse Illustre 1979" (Anglo-Americanisms in the 1979 "Petit Larousse Illustre").

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trescases, Pierre

1979-01-01

Based on the 1979 edition of the "Petit Larousse Illustre," English or American loan words are evaluated as to their actual usage in modern French. It is concluded that anglo-americanisms have a greater impact on technical French than on everyday French. A list of 57 words that have become part of French usage is provided for pedagogical…

Comparison of trends and abrupt changes of the South Asia high from 1979 to 2014 in reanalysis and radiosonde datasets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Chunhua; Huang, Ying; Guo, Dong; Zhou, Shunwu; Hu, Kaixi; Liu, Yu

2018-05-01

The South Asian High (SAH) has an important influence on atmospheric circulation and the Asian climate in summer. However, current comparative analyses of the SAH are mostly between reanalysis datasets and there is a lack of sounding data. We therefore compared the climatology, trends and abrupt changes in the SAH in the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) dataset, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP-CFSR) dataset, the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Interim (ERA-interim) dataset and radiosonde data from China using linear analysis and a sliding t-test. The trends in geopotential height in the control area of the SAH were positive in the JRA-55, NCEP-CFSR and ERA-interim datasets, but negative in the radiosonde data in the time period 1979-2014. The negative trends for the SAH were significant at the 90% confidence level in the radiosonde data from May to September. The positive trends in the NCEP-CFSR dataset were significant at the 90% confidence level in May, July, August and September, but the positive trends in the JRA-55 and ERA-Interim were only significant at the 90% confidence level in September. The reasons for the differences in the trends of the SAH between the radiosonde data and the three reanalysis datasets in the time period 1979-2014 were updates to the sounding systems, changes in instrumentation and improvements in the radiation correction method for calculations around the year 2000. We therefore analyzed the trends in the two time periods of 1979-2000 and 2001-2014 separately. From 1979 to 2000, the negative SAH trends in the radiosonde data mainly agreed with the negative trends in the NCEP-CFSR dataset, but were in contrast with the positive trends in the JRA-55 and ERA-Interim datasets. In 2001-2014, however, the trends in the SAH were positive in all four datasets and most of the trends in the radiosonde and NCEP-CFSR datasets were significant. It is

Bibliography of Literature on China’s Glaciers and Permafrost. Part I. 1938-1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

The Quaternary Period Glaciers of China. Kexue Chubanshe, 1975. Li Chengsan and Guo Lingzhi : Glacier topography at Kangding-bianfu. Dizhi Lunping...Vol. 4, No. 1, 1939. Li Chengsan and Gao Yongyuan: Glacier topography in the Daba Shan at Guangyuan. Dili, Vol. 2, Nos. 1-2, 1942. Guo Lingzhi ...Mountains region. Zhongguo Disiji Yanjiu, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1958. Guo Lingzhi and Xue Yuqun: A discussion of the relationship of the Fen River and the

The development of biodiversity conservation measures in China's hydro projects: A review.

PubMed

Bai, Ruiqiao; Liu, Xuehua; Liu, Xiaofei; Liu, Lanmei; Wang, Jianping; Liao, Sihui; Zhu, Annah; Li, Zhouyuan

2017-11-01

The hydropower capacity of China ranks first in the world and accounts for approximately 20% of the total energy production in the country. While hydropower has substantially contributed to meeting China's renewable energy targets and providing clean energy to rural areas, the development of hydropower in China has been met with significant controversy. Ecologically, hydro projects alter the landscape, with potential impacts to the country's aquatic biodiversity. Over the past four decades in China, various mainstream opinions and misunderstandings have been presented concerning how to alleviate the negative impacts of hydro projects on aquatic ecosystems. This article reviews research concerning potential mitigation measures to enhance aquatic biodiversity conservation in hydro projects in China. Based on the academic attention such research has attracted, three technical measures for aquatic biodiversity conservation are considered: (1) fish passages, (2) restocking efforts and (3) river and lake renovations. This article provides a historical comparison of these three practices in China to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The article also reviews the relevant legislation, regulations and technical guidelines concerning China's hydro projects dating back to 1979. The dynamics in research, publications, and patents concerning these three mitigation measures are summarized to demonstrate their technological developments in the context of legislative and policy advances. Data were gathered through the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China. Based on the analysis provided, the article recommends an expansion of China's environmental certification system for hydro projects, more robust regional legislation to bolster the national framework, the cooperation between upstream and downstream conservation mechanisms, and better monitoring to determine the efficacy

National Health Expenditures, 1979

PubMed Central

Gibson, Robert M

1980-01-01

Outlays for health care in the nation reached $212.2 billion in calendar year 1979—12.5 percent higher than in 1978, according to preliminary figures compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration. This estimate represented $943 per person in the United States and was equal to 9.0 percent of the Gross National Product. This latest report in the annual series representing national health expenditures provides detailed estimates of health care spending by type of service and method of financing. PMID:10309255

Quantifying the Intra-Regional Precipitation Variability in Northwestern China over the Past 1,400 Years

PubMed Central

Lee, Harry F.; Pei, Qing; Zhang, David D.; Choi, Kan P. K.

2015-01-01

There has been a surge of paleo-climatic/environmental studies of Northwestern China (NW China), a region characterized by a diverse assortment of hydro-climatic systems. Their common approach, however, focuses on “deducing regional resemblance” rather than “exploring regional variance.” To date, efforts to produce a quantitative assessment of long-term intra-regional precipitation variability (IRPV) in NW China has been inadequate. In the present study, we base on historical flood/drought records to compile a decadal IRPV index for NW China spanned AD580–1979 and to find its major determinants via wavelet analysis. Results show that our IRPV index captures the footprints of internal hydro-climatic disparity in NW China. In addition, we find distinct ~120–200 year periodicities in the IRPV index over the Little Ice Age, which are attributable to the change of hydro-climatic influence of ocean-atmospheric modes during the period. Also, we offer statistical evidence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (Indo-Pacific warm pool sea surface temperature and China-wide land surface temperature) as the prominent multi-decadal to centennial (centennial to multi-centennial) determinant of the IRPV in NW China. The present study contributes to the quantitative validation of the long-term IRPV in NW China and its driving forces, covering the periods with and without instrumental records. It may help to comprehend the complex hydro-climatic regimes in the region. PMID:26154711

Forest statistics for Arkansas counties - 1979

Treesearch

Renewable Resources Evaluation Research Work Unit

1979-01-01

This report tabulates information from a new forest survey of Arkansas completed in 1979 by the Renewable Resources Evaluation Research Unit of the Southern Forest Experiment Station. Forest area was estimated from aerial photos with an adjustment for ground truth at selected locations. Sample plots were systematically established at three-mile intervals using a grid...

Selected Bibliography and Abstracts of Educational Materials in Pakistan, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1979. Period Covered: July - September, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saad, Geti, Comp.

This annotated bibliography contains 89 citations of journals, newspaper articles, textbooks, and government publications from Pakistan published between July and September 1979. Entries are arranged alphabetically by author in 21 categories--administration, adult education, agricultural education, curriculum, educational goals, educational…

Hu Huanyong: father of China's population geography.

PubMed

She, W

1998-08-01

Professor Hu Huanyong died of an illness on April 30, 1998, in Shanghai, China. The professor was a forefather of modern Chinese demography and the founder of China's population geography. He drew the "Aihui-Tengchong Line," which was known internationally as the "Hu Line," in 1934; the line marked a striking difference in the distribution of China's population. He was born in 1901, in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. He studied literature, history, and geography at Nanjing Normal School (later named the Southeast University of China); he continued his education at the University of Paris from 1926 to 1928. Upon his return to China, he began teaching at the Nanjing Central University and was later appointed dean of the Department of Geography and president of the China Geographical Association. During this time, he wrote "Distribution of China's Population," a paper in which he drew China's first population density contour chart based on the 1933 national census data by county; this produced the "Hu Line." The professor began teaching at East-China Normal University in Shanghai in 1953; in 1957, he became director of the research office of population geography (which he helped to establish), the first demographic research institution in China. In 1958, he focused on the population geography of Jiangsu Province. In 1983, the office expanded to become a population research institute; Professor Hu became its president. During the 1980s, he described a geographic division of China's population based on differences in population density, ecological environment, socioeconomic conditions, and historical development. This resulted in 8 regions: 1) the lower parts of the Yellow River region; 2) the Liaoning-Jilin-Heilongjiang region; 3) the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River region; 4) the southeast coastal region; 5) the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region; 6) the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan region; 7) the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region; and 8) the Qinghai-Tibet region. This

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Oceanography.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Center," Eastern Pacific Oceanographic Conference, Timberline Lodge , OR, 23-26 September 1998. DoD KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Battlespace Environments...34 1998 Annual Meeting, Eastern Pacific Oceanic Conference, Timberline , OR, September 1998. Asanuma, H., Chavez, F., Collins, C, Michisake, R., andRago...Eastern Pacific Ocean Conference, Timberline , OR, September 1998. Laws, K.E., Fernandez, D.M., Paduan, J.D., and Vesecky, J.F., "Simulation Studies of

Large-bowel surgery, 1979: self-assessment.

PubMed Central

Matheson, N A; Valerio, D

1980-01-01

Evidence of wide variability in the immediate results of large-bowel surgery stimulated self-assessment during 1979. The hazards of large-bowel surgery can usually be avoided by good bowel preparation, sound anastomotic technique, primary resection in large bowel emergencies, avoidance of anastomosis when hazardous, and antibiotic lavage for extant or potential peritoneal and wound contamination. PMID:7427416

Hispanics in 1979--A Statistical Appraisal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Douglas R.

1979-01-01

Public Law 94-311, passed by Congress in 1976, called for the expansion of statistics reflecting the socioeconomic status of Hispanics. The article discusses the state of the Hispanic community in early 1979, one agency's difficulties in implementing the mandates of P.L. 94-311, and the status of other agencies' work on the law's requirements. (NQ)

Selected Bibliography and Abstracts of Educational Materials in Pakistan. Vol. 13, No. 1, 1979, Period Covered January-March 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saad, Geti, Comp.

This annotated bibliography contains 90 citations of journals, newspapers, and government publications from Pakistan published between January and March 1979. Entries are arranged alphabetically by author in 29 categories which include: administration, organization, and financing of education; adult education; agricultural education; curriculum;…

Quality Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Respiratory Diseases in China: A Systematic Appraisal.

PubMed

Jiang, Mei; Liao, Li-Yue; Liu, Xiao-Qing; He, Wei-Qun; Guan, Wei-Jie; Chen, Hao; Li, Yi-Min

2015-09-01

There has been a significant increase in the publication of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for respiratory diseases in China. However, little is known about the quality and potential impacts of these CPGs. Our objective was to critically evaluate the quality of Chinese CPGs for respiratory diseases that were published in peer-reviewed medical journals. A systematic search of scientific literature published between 1979 and 2013 was undertaken to identify and select CPGs that were related to respiratory diseases. Four Chinese databases (the Chinese Biomedical Literature database [CBM], the China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], the VIP database, and the WANFANG database) were used. The quality of eligible guidelines was assessed independently by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. The overall agreement among reviewers was evaluated using an intraclass correlation coefficient. A total of 109 guidelines published in 27 medical journals from 1979 to 2013 were evaluated. The overall agreement among reviewers was considered good (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.838; 95% CI, 0.812-0.862). The scores of the six AGREE domains were low: 57.3% for scope and purpose (range, 4.2%-80.5%), 23.8% for stakeholder involvement (range, 2.8%-54.2%), 7.7% for rigor of development (range, 0%-27.1%), 59.8% for clarity and presentation (range, 22.2%-80.6%), 10.9% for applicability (range, 0%-22.9%), and 0.6% for editorial independence (range, 0%-16.7%). Scores for all guidelines were below 60%, and only three guidelines (2.8%) were recommended for clinical practice with modifications. The quality of the guidelines was low, and stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence should be considered in the future development of CPGs for respiratory diseases in China.

Semiannual Report: Apr 1, 1998 - Sept 30, 1998

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Semiannual Report #EPA-350-R-98-004, Nov, 1998. We look forward to working with the Administrator, Agency managers, Congress, and EPA's various stakeholders to help ensure that EPA delivers the maximum in environmental and health benefits to the public.

[The trends by province of tuberculosis in Cuba: 1979-1993].

PubMed

González Ochoa, E; Armas Pérez, L; Machín Gelaber, A

1995-11-01

This study was carried out in order to describe tuberculosis trends in Cuba and its provinces between 1979 and 1993. For this purpose, reports of new cases of all forms of tuberculosis were obtained from the National Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Public Health. In addition, tuberculosis incidence rates and their trends between 1979 and 1992 were determined. The data were analyzed by means of simple linear and exponential regression models. Finally, the percentage reductions in incidence between 1979 and 1992 were calculated and the observed changes were described in reference to the expected values derived from the regression models. The number of new tuberculosis cases reported in Cuba decreased from 1133 (11.6 per 100,000 population) in 1979 to 633 (5.8 per 100,000) in 1992 (a 44% reduction). In 1993, 788 cases were reported (7.2 per 100,000). In almost all the provinces the incidence tended to decrease between 1979 and 1992, and the average annual number of new case notifications fell between 4.0 and 5.4%, although in some, less than 3%. In 1992, the number of new case notifications in the country was 25% higher than in 1991, and the incidence rates in all the provinces were higher than expected. The incidence in La Habana, the City of Havana, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Ciego de Avila, Santiago de Cuba, and Guantánamo exceeded the overall national incidence. In 1993, incidence in the country was 55.6% higher than it had been in 1991 and 24.5% higher than in 1992. Incidence rose in all provinces, and especially in the City of Havana, Matanzas, and Guantánamo. Although incidence remained below 8 cases per 100,000 population between 1992 and 1993, it rose during those years, as it did in other countries. The increase appears to be attributable to the economic crisis that affects the country and to have very little connection to human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Observations of a probable change in the solar radius between 1715 and 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunham, D. W.; Sofia, S.; Fiala, A. D.; Muller, P. M.; Herald, D.

1980-01-01

A decrease in the solar radius is determined using the technique of Dunham and Dunham (1973), in which timed observations are made just inside the path edges. When the method is applied to the solar eclipses of 1715, 1976, and 1979, the solar radius for 1715 is 0.34 + or - 0.2 arc second larger than the recent values, with no significant change between 1976 and 1979. The duration of totality is examined as a function of distance from the edges of the path. Corrections to the radius of the sun derived from observations of the 1976 and 1979 eclipses by the International Occultation Timing Association are also presented.

Divergent Urban-Rural Trends in College Attendance: State Policy Bias and Structural Exclusion in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tam, Tony; Jiang, Jin

2015-01-01

Despite the massive expansion of higher education in China since 1998, the cohort trends of urban and rural "hukou" holders in college attendance have widened sharply. Prevailing explanations emphasize the advantages of urban students over rural students in school quality and household financial resources. We propose the structural…

Recent Science and Engineering Graduates Working in Energy-Related Activities, 1979 and 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Sharon E.

Employment and professional activities of recent science and engineering graduates who described their work as energy-related were examined. The survey included graduates who received bachelor's or master's degrees between 1972 and 1979 and was conducted in 1976, 1978, 1979, and 1980. Data indicated that the number of graduates who reported…

China-Russia Security Relations: Strategic Parallelism Without Partnership or Passion?

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

the evident countertendencies of their leaders, the formula of cooperating when we can and disagree- ing when we must is prudent. In addition, the...enforcement procedures, and either country can rapidly retarget its intercontinental ballistic missiles). In April 1998, China and Russia...to seek work in Russia, where they generally can find jobs more easily and earn higher wages than if they remained at home. Chinese workers can be

Impact of land use/land cover change on changes in surface solar radiation in eastern China since the reform and opening up

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qian, Cheng

2016-01-01

Observational evidence of the impacts of land use/land cover change (LULCC) on changes in surface solar radiation (SSR) in eastern China (EC) during 1979-2008 are identified by using diurnal temperature range as a proxy of SSR and by using observation minus reanalysis approach to disentangle these effects. For the period 1979-2008, the impact of LULCC is shown as a reduction in SSR in most stations in EC, whereas SSR in the reanalysis data has increased at nearly every location. The competition of the dimming effect of LULCC with the brightening effect in the reanalysis results in an observed dipole pattern of SSR with slightly decreasing (increasing) trends in most stations north (south) of the Yangtze River and statistically significant decreasing trends in central EC. In terms of EC area mean, this competition has resulted in a slightly dimming trend in the observed SSR during 1979-2008, although a transition from an apparent dimming to a general leveling off near 1990 is identified. For the period 1990-2008, LULCC has significantly reduced SSR in central EC and southern China. This dimming effect of LULCC competes with the apparent brightening effect in the reanalysis to result in the general leveling off in the observed SSR in terms of EC area mean and a sandwich spatial pattern in the observed SSR in EC where parts of central EC show significant dimming. The impact of LULCC on the changes in SSR may be through both biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes.

Chinese-U.S. sediment source-to-sink research in the east China and Yellow Seas: a brief history

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Milliman, John D.; Zuosheng, Yang

2014-11-01

In the autumn of 1979, US oceanographers were offered a unique and in many respects a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, as were, in hindsight, Chinese oceanographers: to help formulate and participate in the initial US-China cooperative joint oceanographic research study, as part of a cooperative research agreement signed earlier that year by the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Chinese National Bureau of Oceanology (NBO; now known as the State Ocean Administration-SOA). Ten oceanographers from nine US oceanographic institutions and agencies traveled to China in late November with the hope-at this early stage of Chinese-US scientific relations, it was no more than a hope-to begin discussions about the possibility of a cooperative investigation of the river-estuary-shelf interactions from the Yangtze River to the adjacent East China Sea. Two years of cooperative research (1980-82) were envisioned.

Forest statistics for Northwest Florida, 1979

Treesearch

Raymond M. Sheffield

1979-01-01

This report highlights the principal findings of the fifth forest survey of Northwest Florida. Fieldwork began in September 1978 and was completed in June 1979. Four previous surveys, completed in 1934, 1949, 1959, and 1969, provide statistics for measuring changes and trends over the past 45 years. The primary emphasis in this report is on the changes and trends since...

The United States 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butterman, W.C.; McCartan, L.; Morse, D.E.; Sibley, S.F.

1999-01-01

The US coal industry had a good year in 1998, setting another production record of 1.015 Gt (1.12 billion st), an increase of 2.6% from 1997. The increase was led by coal use for electricity generation, responding primarily to a substantial decline in hydroelectric generation. Year-end coal stocks at electric utilities swelled in 1998 for the first time in four years due to unseasonably mild fall and winter weather.

Forest Fires in Russia and Northern China

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Smoke plumes from forest fires scattered along the border between the Russian Far East and northern China are clearly visible in this true-color image from the Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) on June 16, 2000. Fires in Siberia occur every summer, and severe outbreaks occur every ten years or so, with the most recent in 1998. The fires are ignited by lightning, and are so remote that it is impossible to fight them effectively. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

SAM II aerosol profile measurements, Poker Flat, Alaska; July 16-19, 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccormick, M. P.; Chu, W. P.; Mcmaster, L. R.; Grams, G. W.; Herman, B. M.; Pepin, T. J.; Russell, P. B.; Swissler, T. J.

1981-01-01

SAM II satellite measurements during the July 1979 Poker Flat mission, yielded an aerosol extinction coefficient of 0.0004/km at 1.0 micron wavelength, in the region of the stratospheric aerosol mixing ratio peak (12-16 km). The stratospheric aerosol optical depth for these data, calculated from the tropopause through 30 km, is approximately 0.001. These results are consistent with the average 1979 summertime values found throughout the Arctic.

[Gender based violence in the Spanish Parliamentary Agenda (1979-2004)].

PubMed

Vives-Cases, Carmen; Gil-González, Diana; Carrasco-Portiño, Mercedes; Alvarez-Dardet, Carlos

2006-01-01

To systematically examine the characteristics of the processes of formulating and taking decisions on gender-based violence in the Spanish Parliament. A search was performed for all parliamentary initiatives on gender-based violence in the Spanish parliament (1979-2004) and their qualitative content was analyzed. The ratio between initiatives on gender-based violence and those on other issues was calculated by years and legislatures. The probability of presenting initiatives on gender-based violence was analyzed by sex and political group (government vs. opposition) (odds ratio, 95% CI and statistical significance using the Mantel-Haenszel method). In the 26 years studied, there were 322,187 initiatives, of which 569 concerned gender-based violence. Initiatives on this issue increased in 1998 (4.12 per 1,000), 2001 (4.49 per 1,000) and 2004 (9.19 per 1,000). Sixty-seven percent were questions to the government. The majority of the initiatives were registered without agreement or decision (81%). Men had a higher probability of asking questions (OR = 17.08; 95%CI, 5.91-55.62), but women instigated 60% of the initiatives. Parliamentary groups in government showed a higher probability of asking questions (OR = 2.63; 95%CI, 1.32-5.31), but 88% of the initiatives were promoted by the opposition. The process of policy construction has been started in Spain, which could lead to the development of true policies on gender-based violence in the future. Parliamentary activity on this issue should be maintained in the long-term, as the problem shows no sign of abating.

Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicine studies in Southwest China: A literature review.

PubMed

Liu, Bo; Guo, Zhi-Yong; Bussmann, Rainer; Li, Fei-Fei; Li, Jian-Qin; Hong, Li-Ya; Long, Chun-Lin

2016-06-20

The ethnopharmacology of Southwest China is extremely interesting because of the region's high level of cultural and medicinal plant diversity. Little work has been done to document the traditional medicinal practices in this area. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of how medicinal plants in this area are utilized, and conserved, in order to better understand the medicinal flora, identify research gaps, and suggest directions for further research. A literature review was conducted that included peer reviewed journals, website, books, theses and scientific reports from 1979 to 2014. The distribution and characteristics of medicinal plant knowledge in each province, methods applied in research, and the fluctuations of literature in 5 year intervals were analyzed. The distribution research on different plant groups including fungi, ferns, mosses, and vascular plants were also analyzed. A total of 436 publications from 1979 to 2014 were selected for analysis. References were classified into three stages: discovery stage, utilization stage and conservation stage. Detailed results about the focus of the references, the methods applied, the development and relationship among all folk medicine in Southwest China, Daodi ethnomedicinal resources, Pharmacological studies and Toxicology studies were discussed. While, compared to the rich medicinal flora, the complex demographics and cultural diversity, a large gap still exist to fully understand and document the medicinal flora. Based on the review results, most research efforts in Southwest China focused on the first step: discovery of traditional usage, geographical distribution, and taxonomy of medicinal species. Only a small percentage of traditional uses or treatments have been tested by modern ethnobotanical approaches. Further research needs to put more emphasis on identifying adulterations, evaluating of Daodi medicine, and elucidating effective compounds from traditional drugs, using

ARC-1979-A79-7073

NASA Image and Video Library

1979-07-06

P-21738 BW Raange: 4.76 million kilometers (2.9 million miles) This Voyager 2 picture of Io was taken in ultraviolet light and shows one of the volcanic eruption plumes first photographed by Voyager 1. (the bright spot on the right limb) The plume is more than 200 kilometers (124 miles) high. The volcano apparently has been erupting since it was observed by Voyager 1 in March, 1979. This suggests that the volcanoes on Io probably are in continuous eruption.

Earth resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 22, July 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

This bibliography lists 390 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between 1 April 1979 and 30 June 1979. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.

Global reanalyses over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean: Can they be used prior to 1979?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bromwich, D. H.; Nicolas, J. P.

2017-12-01

High southern latitudes are a notoriously challenging area for global reanalyses, largely due to the scarcity of conventional observations in these regions. This lack of observational constraint not only reduces the reanalysis model forecast skill, but is also responsible for artifacts in their time series tied to changes in the observing system. For example, the introduction of new satellite observations (e.g., AMSU in 1998) is now a well-documented cause of widespread spurious changes in the reanalysis moisture and temperature fields, which are often exacerbated over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. This lack of temporal consistency has significantly reduced the reliability of some reanalysis products and their suitability for trend analysis. Century-long reanalysis efforts such as 20CR and ERA-20C, which only assimilate surface pressure observations, have provided ways to achieve greater homogeneity in the observing system through time and (potentially) produce more temporally consistent datasets, particularly across 1979 and the onset of the modern satellite era. However, important issues quickly became apparent in these reanalyses, related in particular to the handling by their data assimilation systems of the near-complete absence of observations poleward of 50°S prior to the 1950s, or to the prescription of ocean boundary conditions (sea ice, SST) prior to 1979. Because of the data scarcity, comparing reanalyses with each other is one of the primary means to assess their reliability. As such, the release of the CERA-20C and ERA5 (partially) by ECMWF in 2017 provides an opportunity to reassess the skill of recent global reanalyses in high southern latitudes and take stock of the recent improvements and remaining challenges, particularly with regard to their use for long-term climate change studies. Our comparison will include both satellite-era comprehensive reanalyses (ERA-Interim, CFSR, MERRA2, JRA-55, and ERA5) and century-long limited reanalyses (20CR

New Hampshire Lost Person Study, 1974-1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosinski, Jane L.

To improve outdoor safety in general and the Hunter Safety Program in particular, 879 reported search and rescue incidents involving lost outdoor recreationists conducted by the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department for 1974 to 1979 were studied. Data indicated that most incidents involved hikers (45%) and hunters (18%), occurred on clear sunny…

Spatial-temporal Change of Sanshui district's Dike-pond from 1979-2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jiaxing; Chen, Jianfei; Wang, Xiaoxuan

Dike-pond is a representative style of ecological agriculture in the PRD(Pearl River Delta). Since 1992, Guangdong quicken its pace of reform and opening-up to the outside world. A mass of factories had been built in the PRD. The dike-ponds have come across some influential changes in the recent 30 years. To detect and study on the changes of dike-ponds, the Remote Sensing and Geography Information System skill was applied in this paper. This article selected Sanshui district as an example and used Landsat TM 1979, 1990, 2000 and SPOT 2009 satellite image as the major data sources. With the help of ITTVIS company newly released software-ENVI EX, object-oriented approach has been used to extract the dike-pond land from each image. The result indicates that the area of dike-pond gained rapidly growth from 1979 to 2000, but decrease critically during 2000-2009. When using Change Detection Analysis to compute each period's change statistics, the result shown that the increased dike-pond area were mainly from vegetation covered land and other bare land. Then we found out that the mean centre of Sanshui district's dike-pond was moving from northwest to southeast during 1979-2009. Therefore, it comes to the conclusion that Sanshui district's dike-pond increased across the southeast of Sanshui district from 1979 to 2009. Last but not least, some suggestions have been put forward to keep the dike-pond land area from decreasing.

Circulation and Oceanographic Properties in the Somali Basin as Observed During the 1979 Southwest Monsoon

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

Temperature (°C) Section 6, 27-28 August 1979 35 (See figure 5.) Figure 12. XBT Temperature (°C) Section 7, 29-30 August 1979 36 (See figure 5.) Figure 13. XBT...dyn cm) of surface relative to 58 500 dbar, USNS WILKES, 18 August - 3 September 1979 Figure 35 . Dynamic Topography (dyn cm) of 500 dbar relative to...coast. The rise of the 140 C isotherm from 250 m at 180 nmi to 35 m at 10 nmi is an indication of the intense baroclinicity of the coastal current in

Recent blood pressure trends in adolescents from China, Korea, Seychelles and the United States of America, 1997-2012.

PubMed

Xi, Bo; Bovet, Pascal; Hong, Young M; Zong, Xin'nan; Chiolero, Arnaud; Kim, Hae S; Zhang, Tao; Zhao, Min

2016-10-01

Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, secular trends in elevated blood pressure (BP) differ across populations. We aimed to compare recent BP and obesity trends in adolescents aged 10-19 years in China, Korea, Seychelles and the United States of America. Data in adolescents aged 10-19 years came from China (1997-2011, n = 8025), Korea (1998-2012, n = 10 119), Seychelles (1998-2012, n = 27 569) and the United States of America (1999-2012, n = 14 580). Elevated BP was defined as SBP or DBP equal to or above the referent sex, age and height-specific 95th percentile of the US Fourth Report. Overweight and obesity were defined using criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Between 1997-2000 and 2011-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased in Korea and did not change substantially in China and in the United States of America. The prevalence of elevated BP increased in Seychelles. In 2011-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP was 1.7% in the United States of America, 3.8% in China, 3.7% in Korea and 14.3% in Seychelles. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased over time and reached in 2011-2012 41.2% in the United States of America, 18.6% in China, 25.2% in Korea and 27.4% in Seychelles. Elevated BP was strongly associated with obesity in all countries. Although the prevalence of obesity increased markedly in the four countries, secular BP trends in adolescents differed in countries of different regions.

"Project Outreach," Final Report, December 31, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latzer, Robert M.

Fall 1979 activities for Project Outreach, a faculty development program at Jersey City State College, are described. Problems involved in carrying out these activities, a statement of expenditures and balances, and a set of recommendations are covered. Four areas of activity planned at the college were: a second series of study skills seminars, a…

Communicator, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bortolussi, Vicki, Ed.

1998-01-01

The CAG "Communicator" focuses on serving gifted students in California. This document consists of the four issues of "Communicator" issued during 1998. Featured articles include: (1) "Underachievement for Some--Dropping Out with Dignity for Others" (Sally Reis); (2) "When Gifted High School Students Fail"…

Pulpwood Prices in the Southeast, 1979

Treesearch

Cecil C. Hutchins

1981-01-01

Expenditures for wood fiber in the Southeast during 1979 were $960.8 million, an increase of 8.7 percent over 1978. Price per standard cord of roundwood pulpwood was $40.65for softwood, a 12.1-percent increase, and $30.40 for hardwood, an increase of 8 percent. Green chip prices per ton averaged $17.15 for softwood and $13.05 for hardwood; they increased 7.9 and 8.8...

Reverse Transfer Student Characteristics--Fall 1979. Office of Institutional Research, Research Report 80-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drakulich, J. Scott; Karlen, Janice M.

In order to determine the characteristics of students who transferred to Essex County College from four-year institutions in Fall 1979, the responses of 88 reverse transfer students (RTS's) to 84 items on the entering student demographic questionnaire were compared to the responses of 2,087 new Fall 1979 students. The questionnaire solicited…

STIP VII: Four Neighboring Radio Paths Traverse the Northern Corona in 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

1979 a unique -’fparade . of spacecraft could " be~eobserved. With reference to the ecliptic plane, Pioneer Saturn, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 appeared...coincidence in August and September 1979. On viewing the sun and using as a horizon referenc, the ecliptic plane, viewers would have seen Pioneer Venus move...were all close together, (2) all in the same side of the ecliptic plane, and (3) moving in opposite directions through a somewhat narrow channel. 4 I

Prediction of early summer rainfall over South China by a physical-empirical model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yim, So-Young; Wang, Bin; Xing, Wen

2014-10-01

In early summer (May-June, MJ) the strongest rainfall belt of the northern hemisphere occurs over the East Asian (EA) subtropical front. During this period the South China (SC) rainfall reaches its annual peak and represents the maximum rainfall variability over EA. Hence we establish an SC rainfall index, which is the MJ mean precipitation averaged over 72 stations over SC (south of 28°N and east of 110°E) and represents superbly the leading empirical orthogonal function mode of MJ precipitation variability over EA. In order to predict SC rainfall, we established a physical-empirical model. Analysis of 34-year observations (1979-2012) reveals three physically consequential predictors. A plentiful SC rainfall is preceded in the previous winter by (a) a dipole sea surface temperature (SST) tendency in the Indo-Pacific warm pool, (b) a tripolar SST tendency in North Atlantic Ocean, and (c) a warming tendency in northern Asia. These precursors foreshadow enhanced Philippine Sea subtropical High and Okhotsk High in early summer, which are controlling factors for enhanced subtropical frontal rainfall. The physical empirical model built on these predictors achieves a cross-validated forecast correlation skill of 0.75 for 1979-2012. Surprisingly, this skill is substantially higher than four-dynamical models' ensemble prediction for 1979-2010 period (0.15). The results here suggest that the low prediction skill of current dynamical models is largely due to models' deficiency and the dynamical prediction has large room to improve.

Parity-Induced Protection Against Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-07-01

Nandi et al., 1995; Russo and Russo, 1978; Russo et al., 1982; Russo et al., 1979; Swanson et al., 1995; Thordarson et al., 1995; Thordarson et al...1981; Russo and Russo, 1978; Russo et al., 1977; Russo et al., 1979; Sivaraman et al., 1998; Thordarson et al., 1995; Yang et al., 1999). In contrast...1969; Russo and Russo, 1980; Sinha et al., 1988; Sivaraman et al., 1998; Thordarson et al., 1995; Medina and Smith, 1999). To extend these findings, we

Antarctic meteorite descriptions 1976-1977-1978-1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Score, R.; Schwarz, C. M.; King, T. V. V.; Mason, B.; Bogard, D. D.; Gabel, E. M.

1981-01-01

All previously distributed meteorite data sheets, plus a number of new ones for 1979 chondrites are included. A comprehensive sample index listing meteorite name/number, classification, and weathering category is also included. Separate indexes listing all petrologic type 3 and type 4 chondrites, all irons, all achondrites, and all carbonaceous chondrites in the collection is provided.

Morning Star Cycle Two (1977-1979): Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sloan, L. V.

Evaluation of cycle two of the (1977-1979) Morning Star program (a 2-year Native teacher education program at the Blue Quills Native Education Centre leading to a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of Alberta) used a systems model to collect data on 24 variables for the 33 participating students, the academic program, and first and…

Empirical prediction of the onset dates of South China Sea summer monsoon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Zhiwei; Li, Tim

2017-03-01

The onset of South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) signifies the commencement of the wet season over East Asia. Predicting the SCSSM onset date is of significant importance. In this study, we establish two different statistical models, namely the physical-empirical model (PEM) and the spatial-temporal projection model (STPM) to predict the SCSSM onset. The PEM is constructed from the seasonal prediction perspective. Observational diagnoses reveal that the early onset of the SCSSM is preceded by (a) a warming tendency in middle and lower troposphere (850-500 hPa) over central Siberia from January to March, (b) a La Niña-like zonal dipole sea surface temperature pattern over the tropical Pacific in March, and (c) a dipole sea level pressure pattern with negative center in subtropics and positive center over high latitude of Southern Hemisphere in January. The PEM built on these predictors achieves a cross-validated reforecast temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) skill of 0.84 for the period of 1979-2004, and an independent forecast TCC skill of 0.72 for the period 2005-2014. The STPM is built on the extended-range forecast perspective. Pentad data are used to predict a zonal wind index over the South China Sea region. Similar to PEM, the STPM is constructed using 1979-2004 data. Based on the forecasted zonal wind index, the independent forecast of the SCSSM onset dates achieves a TCC skill of 0.90 for 2005-2014. The STPM provides more detailed information for the intraseasonal evolution during the period of the SCSSM onset (pentad 25-35). The two models proposed herein are expected to facilitate the real-time prediction of the SCSSM onset.

Assessing equity of healthcare utilization in rural China: results from nationally representative surveys from 1993 to 2008

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The phenomenon of inequitable healthcare utilization in rural China interests policymakers and researchers; however, the inequity has not been actually measured to present the magnitude and trend using nationally representative data. Methods Based on the National Health Service Survey (NHSS) in 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008, the Probit model with the probability of outpatient visit and the probability of inpatient visit as the dependent variables is applied to estimate need-predicted healthcare utilization. Furthermore, need-standardized healthcare utilization is assessed through indirect standardization method. Concentration index is measured to reflect income-related inequity of healthcare utilization. Results The concentration index of need-standardized outpatient utilization is 0.0486[95% confidence interval (0.0399, 0.0574)], 0.0310[95% confidence interval (0.0229, 0.0390)], 0.0167[95% confidence interval (0.0069, 0.0264)] and −0.0108[95% confidence interval (−0.0213, -0.0004)] in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008, respectively. For inpatient service, the concentration index is 0.0529[95% confidence interval (0.0349, 0.0709)], 0.1543[95% confidence interval (0.1356, 0.1730)], 0.2325[95% confidence interval (0.2132, 0.2518)] and 0.1313[95% confidence interval (0.1174, 0.1451)] in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008, respectively. Conclusions Utilization of both outpatient and inpatient services was pro-rich in rural China with the exception of outpatient service in 2008. With the same needs for healthcare, rich rural residents utilized more healthcare service than poor rural residents. Compared to utilization of outpatient service, utilization of inpatient service was more inequitable. Inequity of utilization of outpatient service reduced gradually from 1993 to 2008; meanwhile, inequity of inpatient service utilization increased dramatically from 1993 to 2003 and decreased significantly from 2003 to 2008. Recent attempts in China to increase coverage of insurance and

ARC-1998-A98-0242-1

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-11-24

NASA Administrators Award for: 1. 'Turning Goals into Reality' presented to Center TRACON Automation System Team, Langley Research Center October 9, 1998 2. 'Turning Goals into Reality 1998 Goal Award for Excetptional Progress toward Next-Generation Design Tools and Experimental Aircraft acrylic

Tempo, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cannon, Michael, Ed.

1998-01-01

The four issues of this 1998 publication on gifted and talented students address the themes of: (1) acceleration and grouping, (2) professional development, (3) core content areas, and (4) giftedness: a Texas tradition. Major articles are: "Cooperative Learning, Curriculum Access, and the Challenge of Acceleration" (Ann Robinson);…

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon During 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Lau, W.; Baker, R.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated with a coupled mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed land surface model. The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The simulation with the land surface model captured basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. The sensitivity tests indicated that land surface processes had a greater impact on the simulated rainfall results than that of a small sea surface temperature change during the onset period. In both the 1997 and 1998 cases, the simulations were significantly improved by including the land surface processes. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation; the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-China peninsula and the northern cold front intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat exchange between the land and atmosphere modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat from the detailed land surface model improved the monsoon rainfall and associated wind simulation. The model results will be compared to the simulation of the 6-7 May 2000 Missouri flash flood event. In addition, the impact of model initialization and land surface treatment on timing, intensity, and location of extreme precipitation will be examined.

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W.-K.; Wang, Y.; Lau, W.; Baker, R. D.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated with a coupled mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed land surface model. The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The simulation with the land surface model captured basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. The sensitivity tests indicated that land surface processes had a greater impact on the simulated rainfall results than that of a small sea surface temperature change during the onset period. In both the 1997 and 1998 cases, the simulations were significantly improved by including the land surface processes. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation; the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-China peninsula and the northern cold front intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat exchange between the land and atmosphere modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat from the detailed land surface model improved the monsoon rainfall and associated wind simulation. The model results will be compared to the simulation of the 6-7 May 2000 Missouri flash flood event. In addition, the impact of model initialization and land surface treatment on timing, intensity, and location of extreme precipitation will be examined.

Tuberculosis control in the era of the HIV epidemic: risk of tuberculosis infection in Tanzania, 1983-1998.

PubMed

2001-02-01

In Tanzania, a national tuberculosis programme (NTP) was established in 1979 based on the principles currently known as the World Health Organization DOTS strategy. From the period 1983-1987 to 1994-1998, notification rates of smear-positive tuberculosis increased from 32 to 69 per 100,000 population, mainly due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. To estimate the trend in the annual risk of tuberculosis infection and to establish to what extent the opposing forces of improved tuberculosis control and HIV have had an impact on tuberculosis transmission. Three national surveys were conducted in Tanzania among primary school children at 5-year intervals. The annual risk of tuberculosis infection and its trend were determined by tuberculin skin testing. The annual risk of infection in children without BCG scar using the criterion '17 mm + 2 x 18 mm' or more was estimated at 1.1% in 1983-1987, 1.0 in 1988-1992, and 0.9% in 1993-1998. There appears to have been little change in the annual risk of infection over the study period, either when using other criteria to define infection or in children with a BCG scar. The estimated number of infections per notified case decreased over time from 36 to 19. Despite strongly increased tuberculosis notification rates in adults, associated with the HIV epidemic, the risk of tuberculosis infection in children appears to have been stable over the past 15 years in Tanzania. This remarkable achievement is probably due to the impact of the NTP on tuberculosis transmission.

Patterns and trends in accidental poisoning death rates in the US, 1979-2014.

PubMed

Buchanich, Jeanine M; Balmert, Lauren C; Pringle, Janice L; Williams, Karl E; Burke, Donald S; Marsh, Gary M

2016-08-01

The purpose of this study was to examine US accidental poisoning death rates by demographic and geographic factors from 1979 to 2014, including High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas. Crude and age-adjusted death rates were formed for age group, race, sex, and county for accidental poisonings (ICD 9th revision: E850-E869; ICD 10th revision: X40-X49) from 1979 to 2014 using the Mortality and Population Data System housed at the University of Pittsburgh. Rate ratios were calculated comparing rates from 2014 to 1979, overall, by sex, age group, race, and county. Joinpoint regression detected changes in trends and calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) as a summary measure of trend. Drug poisoning mortality rates have risen an average of 6% per year since 1979. Increases are occurring in all ages 15+, and in all race-sex groups. HIDTA counties with the highest mortality rates were in Appalachia and New Mexico. Many of the HIDTA border counties had lower rates of mortality. The drug poisoning mortality epidemic is continuing to grow. While HIDTA resources are appropriately targeted at many areas in the US most affected, rates are also rapidly rising in some non-HIDTA areas. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

"TV Guide": Images of the Status Quo, 1970-1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dye, Jean E.; Harmon, Mark D.

1987-01-01

Analyzes 521 "TV Guide" cover stories from 1970-1979, examining their power to influence television audiences. Asserts that, although viewer options increased substantially throughout the 1970s, "TV Guide" failed to keep pace with those changes. (MM)

Research and Development in Industry: 1979. Funds, 1979. Scientists and Engineers, January 1980. Surveys of Science Resources Series. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

This report analyzes data on research and development (R&D) performed by industry during 1979, examines historical trends for key R&D funding variables, and presents information on industry-employed R&D scientists and engineers. Areas addressed in the first section on R&D funds include: major R&D industries (aircraft/missiles,…

Hypocenter for the 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake

USGS Publications Warehouse

Archuleta, Ralph J.

1982-01-01

Using P-and S-wave arrival times with the laterally varying P-wave velocity structure derived from analysis of a refraction survey of the Imperial Valley, a hypocenter is ascertained for the October 15, 1979, Imperial Valley earthquake: Latitude 32° 39.50′N, Longitude 115° 19.80′W, Depth 8.0 km, Time 23:16:54.40 GMT.

Farm Population of the United States: 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banks, Vera J.; DeAre, Diana

1980-01-01

Based on the current definition for farm population (all persons living in rural territory on places which in the reporting year had, or normally would have had, sales of agricultural products of $1,000 or more), an average of 6,241,000 persons lived on farms in the United States in 1979, a drop of 2.8% from the 1978 figures. Whites constituted…

Traffic safety facts 1998 : older population

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

There are nearly 25 million people age 70 years and older in the United : States. In 1998, this age group made up 9 percent of the total U.S. : resident population, compared with 8 percent in 1988. From 1988 to : 1998, this older segment of the popul...

Quantification of historical livestock importation into New Zealand 1860-1979.

PubMed

Binney, B M; Biggs, P J; Carter, P E; Holland, B R; Holland, B M; French, N P

2014-11-01

To quantify the numbers of live cattle, sheep and poultry imported into New Zealand and, where possible, their country of origin from 1860 to 1979. Information on the origin and number of live animal importations into New Zealand was collected for cattle, sheep and poultry for the period 1868-1979 from the annual reports compiled by the New Zealand Registrar General's Office, Government Statistician's Office, Census and Statistics Office, Census and Statistics Department, Customs Department and Department of Statistics. Census data from 1851 to 1871 were also used to estimate the livestock population during this period. The number of animals imported and the mean population for each species in a decade were determined, and the major countries of origin were identified. A large number of cattle (53,384) and sheep (604,525) were imported in the 1860s, and then there was a marked reduction in importations. Live poultry were imported in relatively small numbers (20,701) from 1880 to 1939, then 1,564,330 live poultry were imported between 1960 and 1979. Australia was the predominant country of origin for sheep between 1868 and 1959 (51,347/60,918; 84.3%) and of cattle between 1868 and 1979 (10,080/15,157; 66.5%). Only 6,712 (11.0%) sheep and 3,909 (25.8%) cattle were imported from the United Kingdom over the same periods, and even fewer from other countries. The collated data and historical reports show that from 1860 to 1979 Australia has been the main source of livestock introduced into New Zealand. The pattern of importation showed that large numbers of cattle and sheep were initially imported in the 1860s, probably in response to rapid agricultural expansion. Thereafter importations continued at much reduced numbers. In contrast, relatively small numbers of poultry were introduced until the 1960s when large numbers were imported as part of the development of a modern high-production industry. The overall pattern for both cattle and sheep was of a bottleneck event

Documents of the International Conferences on Education, 1979-1986: Cumulative Catalogue = Documents des conferences internationales de l'education, 1979-1986: catalogue cumulatif = Documentos de las Conferencias Internacionales de Educacion, 1979-1986: Catalogo Cumulativo.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).

Composed of two sections, this catalog lists 925 documents prepared for and produced by the 37th through the 40th sessions of the International Conference on Education (1979, 1981, 1984, and 1986). Included are reference and information papers contributed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (Unesco)…

Monitoring urban expansion and its effects on land use and land cover changes in Guangzhou city, China.

PubMed

Wu, Yanyan; Li, Shuyuan; Yu, Shixiao

2016-01-01

There are widespread concerns about urban sprawl in China. In response, modeling and assessing urban expansion and subsequent land use and land cover (LULC) changes have become important approaches to support decisions about appropriate development and land resource use. Guangzhou, a major metropolitan city in South China, has experienced rapid urbanization and great economic growth in the past few decades. This study applied a series of Landsat images to assess the urban expansion and subsequent LULC changes over 35 years, from 1979 to 2013. From start to end, urban expansion increased by 1512.24 km(2) with an annual growth rate of 11.25 %. There were four stages of urban growth: low rates from 1979 to 1990, increased rates from 1990 to 2001, high rates from 2001 to 2009, and steady increased rates from 2009 to 2013. There were also three different urban growth types in these different stages: edge-expansion growth, infilling growth, and spontaneous growth. Other land cover, such as cropland, forest, and mosaics of cropland and natural vegetation, were severely impacted as a result. To analyze these changes, we used landscape metrics to characterize the changes in the spatial patterns across the Guangzhou landscape and the impacts of urban growth on other types of land cover. The significant changes in LULC and urban expansion were highly correlated with economic development, population growth, technical progress, policy elements, and other similar indexes.

Youth Attitude Tracking Study; Fall 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

II - KEY RESULTS BY TRACKING AREA 41 2.1 Positive Propensity by Tracking Area 43 2.2 Academic Achievement and Derived Quality Index 55 2.3 Recalled...Fall 1979 wave, a total of 5,187 interviews were completed. 40) Page 3 The survey employed telephone interviewing. Respondents were selected on the...area and allows computation of total U.S. estimates. The 26 tracking areas are as follows: New York City •Albany/Buf falo H larr isburg Washington

A brief introduction to China's family planning programme.

PubMed

Shen, G

1984-08-01

China's family planning program is described in reference to its goals, approaches, and achievements. Between 1949-83, China's population increased from 541 million to 1,024,950,000. The population has a young age structure, and the median age is 22.9 years. 80% of the population is rural, and 90% of the population lives in the southeastern region of the country. In view of this demographic situation, the government recognizes the need to control population growth. China's goals for the year 2000 are to increase industrial and agricultural input by 400% and to keep population size below 1.2 billion in order to ensure that per capita income increases. In accordance with these goals, the government, in 1979, began advocating a 1-child policy. To ensure the survival of single children, the government also launched a program to upgrade maternal and child health (MCH). In some rural areas and among certain minority groups, the 1-child restriction is not applied. Family size goals will vary with time. These variations will reflect the need to maintain a balance between economic growth and population growth. A variety of incentives are used to promote the 1-child family. For example, single children receive medical and educational benefits, and in some rural areas, the parents of single children can obtain additional land contracts. Economic disincentives are also used. The government seeks to obtain compliance with the policy primarily through educating the public about the consequences of uncontrolled population growth. All channels of the mass media are used to deliver the messages, and the publicity campaign is especially intensive in rural areas. A comprehensive plan to provided family planning and population education for middle school students is currently being implemented. Each local area develops its own fertility control plan. This plan is then incorporated into the nation's overall plan and the overall plan is implemented from above. Family planning workers

Beaufort/Bering 1979 microwave remote sensing data catalog report, 14-24 March 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hirstein, W. S.; Hennigar, H. F.; Schaffner, S. K.; Delnore, V. E.; Grantham, W. L.

1983-01-01

The airborne microwave remote sending measurements obtained by the Langley Research Center in support of the 1979 Sea-Ice Radar Experiment (SIRE) in the Beaufort and Bering Seas are discussed. The remote sensing objective of SIRE was to define correlations between both active and passive microwave signatures and ice phenomena assocated with practical applications in the Arctic. The instruments used by Langley during SIRE include the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR), the airborne microwave scatterometer (AMSCAT), the precision radiation thermometer (PRT-5), and metric aerial photography. Remote sensing data are inventoried and cataloged in a user-friendly format. The data catalog is presented as time-history plots when and where data were obtained as well as the sensor configuration.

310 Individualized Teacher Practicum. Final Report, 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barabe, Rosemeri, Comp.; And Others

Objectives and program descriptions are presented for the Scottsdale Adult Learning Center (Arizona) which in 1979-80 conducted a number of practicums for adult educators on individualized techniques, Adult Basic Education (ABE), High School Equivalency (GED), and English as a Second Language (ESL). First described is a paid internship program for…

27 CFR 19.79 - Discontinuance of storage facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Discontinuance of storage... Provisions Activities Not Subject to This Part § 19.79 Discontinuance of storage facilities. When the appropriate TTB officer finds that any facilities for the storage of spirits on bonded premises are unsafe or...

21 CFR 184.1979c - Whey protein concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Whey protein concentrate. 184.1979c Section 184... the following specifications: (1) The analysis of whey protein concentrate, on a dry product basis.../federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (3) The whey protein concentrate shall be...

A bibliography of planetary geology principal investigators and their associates, 1979 - 1980

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lettvin, E. (Compiler); Boyce, J. M. (Compiler)

1980-01-01

This bibliography cites 698 reports and articles published from May 1979 through May 1980 by principal investigators and associates who received support from NASA's Office of Space Science, as part of the Planetary Geology program. Entries are arranged in the following categories: (1) general interest; (2) solar system, asteroids, comets, and satellites; (3) structure, tectonics, and stratigraphy; (4) regolith and volatiles; (5) volcanism; (6) impact craters; (7) Eolian glacial An author index is provided. The bibliography serves as a companion document to NASA TM 81776, "Reports of Planetary Geology Programs, 1979-1980".

Offspring, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crombez, Mary Margaret, Ed.; Mangigian, Lisa, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document is comprised of the two 1998 issues of a magazine for parents, teachers, and others involved in cooperative nursery schools. The magazine is designed to provide a forum for views on dealing with young children, express a variety of ideas, promote the cooperative philosophy, and to enhance the relationships of those involved in…

Assessing Influence on the Field: An Analysis of Citations to "Educational Administration Quarterly," 1979-2003

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haas, Eric; Wilson, Glen Yahola; Cobb, Casey D.; Hyle, Adrienne E.; Jordan, Kitty; Kearney, Kerri S.

2007-01-01

Study Purpose: This article examines the influence of "Educational Administration Quarterly (EAQ)" on the scholarly literature in education during the 25-year period 1979 to 2003. This article continues part of the first critique of EAQ conducted by Roald Campbell in 1979. Study Methods: Two citation measures are used in this study to assess EAQ…

Cigarette smoking and poverty in China.

PubMed

Liu, Yuanli; Rao, Keqin; Hu, Teh-Wei; Sun, Qi; Mao, Zhenzhong

2006-12-01

Drawing on the 1998 China national health services survey data, this study estimated the poverty impact of two smoking-related expenses: excessive medical spending attributable to smoking and direct spending on cigarettes. The excessive medical spending attributable to smoking is estimated using a regression model of medical expenditure with smoking status (current smoker, former smoker, never smoker) as part of the explanatory variables, controlling for people's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The poverty impact is measured by the changes in the poverty head count, after smoking-related expenses are subtracted from income. We found that the excessive medical spending attributable to smoking may have caused the poverty rate to increase by 1.5% for the urban population and by 0.7% for the rural population. To a greater magnitude, the poverty headcount in urban and rural areas increased by 6.4% and 1.9%, respectively, due to the direct household spending on cigarettes. Combined, the excessive medical spending attributable to smoking and consumption spending on cigarettes are estimated to be responsible for impoverishing 30.5 million urban residents and 23.7 million rural residents in China. Smoking related expenses pushed a significant proportion of low-income families into poverty in China. Therefore, reducing the smoking rate appears to be not only a public health strategy, but also a poverty reduction strategy.

21 CFR 184.1979c - Whey protein concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Whey protein concentrate. 184.1979c Section 184... whey protein concentrate meets the following specifications: (1) The analysis of whey protein... the heading “Protein—Official Final Action.” (ii) Fat content, 1 to 10 percent—as determined by the...

21 CFR 184.1979c - Whey protein concentrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Whey protein concentrate. 184.1979c Section 184... whey protein concentrate meets the following specifications: (1) The analysis of whey protein... the heading “Protein—Official Final Action.” (ii) Fat content, 1 to 10 percent—as determined by the...

Finances of Public School Systems in 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD.

Thirteen tables present 1979-1980 data on public school enrollment, revenue sources, capital and operating expenditures, debt, and cash and security holdings. Data are provided for each state, for categories of school-district enrollment size, and for all individual school systems with over 15,000 students. Revenues and expenditures for each state…

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1979-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A.J.; Stokes, J.B.; Casadevall, T.J.

1998-01-01

INTRODUCTION Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Casadevall and others, 1987; Greenland and others, 1985; Elias and others, 1993; Elias and Sutton, 1996). The purpose of this report is to present a compilation of Kilauea SO2 emission rate data from 1979 through 1997 with ancillary meteorological data (wind speed and wind direction). We have included measurements previously reported by Casadevall and others (1987) for completeness and to improve the usefulness of this current database compilation. Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and rift zones (fig. 1). From 1979 through 1982, vehicle-based COSPEC measurements made within the summit caldera were adequate to quantify most of the SO2 emitted from the volcano. Beginning in 1983. the focus of SO2 release shifted from the summit to the east rift zone (ERZ) eruption site at Pu'u 'O'o and, later, Kupaianaha. Since 1984, the Kilauea gas measurement effort has been augmented with intermittent airborne and tripod-based surveys made near the ERZ eruption site. In addition, beginning in 1992 vehicle-based measurements have been made along a section of Chain of Craters Road approximately 9 km downwind of the eruption site. These several types of COSPEC measurements continue to the present.

12. Jet Lowe, Photographer, June 1979. FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Jet Lowe, Photographer, June 1979. FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR LOOKING NORTH. SHOWING SELF-RISING FLOUR BIN AND SALEM MACHINE WORKS' WHEAT ROLLER MILLS AND FLOUR BAGGER/COMPACTOR. - Womack's Mill, Yanceyville, Caswell County, NC

Alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

This report presents estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes that occurred during 1998. Several comparisons of alcohol involvement for the period 1982-1998 are presented to illustrate changes and trends. The data are abstracted from...

The Status of Children, Youth and Families 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Administration for Children, Youth, and Families (DHEW), Washington, DC.

This publication, third in a biennial series of reports, focuses on the status of children, youth and families in 1979. Chapter I discusses historical and current demographic and economic trends that have occurred in the characteristics and circumstances of the United States population. Chapter II attempts to capture the factor of time in human…

Alaska High School Seniors Survey Report, 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alaska State Commission on Postsecondary Education, Juneau.

Public and private high school seniors from Alaska were surveyed in an effort to document the pattern of postsecondary education outside the state and to understand the underlying motivations of the "brain drain." For 1979-1980, 3,295 seniors responded (57 percent) to queries on their sex, race, primary home language, family income,…

Brookhaven highlights, October 1978-September 1979. [October 1978 to September 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-01-01

These highlights present an overview of the major research and development achievements at Brookhaven National Laboratory from October 1978 to September 1979. Specific areas covered include: accelerator and high energy physics programs; high energy physics research; the AGS and improvements to the AGS; neutral beam development; heavy ion fusion; superconducting power cables; ISABELLE storage rings; the BNL Tandem accelerator; heavy ion experiments at the Tandem; the High Flux Beam Reactor; medium energy physics; nuclear theory; atomic and applied physics; solid state physics; neutron scattering studies; x-ray scattering studies; solid state theory; defects and disorder in solids; surface physics; the Nationalmore » Synchrotron Light Source ; Chemistry Department; Biology Department; Medical Department; energy sciences; environmental sciences; energy technology programs; National Center for Analysis of Energy Systems; advanced reactor systems; nuclear safety; National Nuclear Data Center; nuclear materials safeguards; Applied Mathematics Department; and support activities. (GHT)« less

China's one-child family: a famine-forced decision.

PubMed

1985-01-01

The Reagan administration refuses to recognize the achievements of China's population program and the practical and humanitarian considerations which lead to China's adoption of vigorous family planning policies. China began to express concern about population growth in 1960, and this concern was, in part, prompted by a severe famine. The occurence of the famine was only recently brought to the attention of the rest of the world when demographers uncovered statistical evidence indicating that as many as 30 million Chinese may have perished in the 1958-62 famine. The famine was due both to faulty agricultural policies and to severe crop damage in 1959 and 1960. The family planning program initiated in 1960 was interrupted by the cultural revolution, and the effort to control population growth was not reinstituted until the early 1970s. By 1979 childbearing among the postwar baby boom generation boosted population growth rates to a new high, and the government began advocating a 1-child family. The national census of 1982 revealed that China's population doubled between 1949-1982 and in 1982 exceeded 1 billion. Severe famine and economic chaos were forecasted for the near future if population growth was not severely and immediately curbed. The government responded to this impending threat by instituting stringent measures to restrict 2nd order births. Abortion was permitted for cases of contraceptive failure; however, the government warned that severe penalties would be imposed on anyone who tried to ensure that their 1 child was a son by practicing female infanticide, a traditional but illegal practice. The government admits that some couples, under extreme pressure from local officials, resorted to infanticide. The Reagan administration used the infanticide issue to descredit the Chinese population program, and recently announced its intention to withhold US$10 million in previously approved funding from the UN Fund for Population Activities because the agency

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, William Heroy, Photographer February, 1979 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Historic American Buildings Survey, William Heroy, Photographer February, 1979 FIRST FLOOR OF GREENSBORO MOTOR COMPANY, SHOWROOM INTERIOR. - Buick Motor Company & Greensboro Motor Company Dealerships, 309 & 315 North Elm Street, Greensboro, Guilford County, NC

Detecting primary precursors of January surface air temperature anomalies in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Guirong; Ren, Hong-Li; Chen, Haishan; You, Qinglong

2017-12-01

This study aims to detect the primary precursors and impact mechanisms for January surface temperature anomaly (JSTA) events in China against the background of global warming, by comparing the causes of two extreme JSTA events occurring in 2008 and 2011 with the common mechanisms inferred from all typical episodes during 1979-2008. The results show that these two extreme events exhibit atmospheric circulation patterns in the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia, with a positive anomaly center over the Ural Mountains and a negative one to the south of Lake Baikal (UMLB), which is a pattern quite similar to that for all the typical events. However, the Eurasian teleconnection patterns in the 2011 event, which are accompanied by a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, are different to those of the typical events and the 2008 event. We further find that a common anomalous signal appearing in early summer over the tropical Indian Ocean may be responsible for the following late-winter Eurasian teleconnections and the associated JSTA events in China. We show that sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the preceding summer over the western Indian Ocean (WIO) are intimately related to the UMLB-like circulation pattern in the following January. Positive WIOSSTAs in early summer tend to induce strong UMLB-like circulation anomalies in January, which may result in anomalously or extremely cold events in China, which can also be successfully reproduced in model experiments. Our results suggest that the WIOSSTAs may be a useful precursor for predicting JSTA events in China.

Traffic safety facts 1998 : state traffic data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This publication contains a map of the United States showing 1998 traffic fatalities by state and percent change from 1997 and eleven tables containing data on the following: (1) Traffic fatalities and fatality rates, 1998; (2) Traffic fatalities and...

Avian cholera in the central and Mississippi flyways 1979-80

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brand, C.J.

1984-01-01

Waterfowl mortality from avian cholera during July 1979-May 1980 was widespread in the Central and Mississippi flyways, occurring in a wide variety of species and locations from nesting grounds of snow geese (Chen caerulescens) on Hudson Bay south to waterfowl wintering areas on the Texas coast and playa lakes region. Mortality estimates at the various sites ranged from several birds to over 72,000. The chronological and geographic occurrence of outbreaks corresponded closely to waterfowl migrations from infected sites, suggesting that waterfowl served to distribute avian cholera along migration routes. Recurrent outbreaks at several locations suggest that these sites have become enzootic for this disease. The magnitude of avian cholera mortality and its geographic spread during 1979-80 underscores the need to address management of this disease on an intra- and inter-flyway basis.

Landsat analysis of the Yangjiatan tungsten district, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carter, W.D.; Kiilsgaard, T.H.

1983-01-01

The Yangjiatan tungsten district at latitude 27??28??? N. and longitude 111??54???E. is located about 140 km southwest of the city of Changsha and 35 km northeast of the town of Shaoyang, southeast Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. The deposits, consisting largely of scheelite in veins (Wang, 1975), are contained in highly folded and faulted sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic age intruded by granitic plutons that are circular in plan view. The major faults and folds trend in a northeasterly direction; whereas, the plutons are clustered in a more easterly trending band across the Landsat image. Landsat image E-2338-02202, acquired December 26, 1975, is number 470 in the "Landsat Image Atlas of the People's Republic of China" printed by the Publishing House of Geology in 1979. A computer-compatible tape of the image was analyzed and used as a demonstration project under a United Nations technical assistance program. Supervised classification of soils, rocks, and vegetation; band ratioing to detect limonite alteration; and edge enhancement were all conducted to demonstrate the flexibility and capability of interactive computer systems. Field evaluation of the results of this work will be conducted by colleagues of the Remote Sensing Center for Geology, Ministry of Geology, in China. ?? 1983.

The Indigenous World, 1998-99 = El Mundo Indigena, 1998-99.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erni, Christian, Ed.

This annual publication examines political, legal, social, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world in 1998-99. Part I highlights news events and ongoing situations in specific countries. In North America, these include court decisions on the legal status of Alaska Native tribal governments, indigenous subsistence…

Synthetic fertilizer management for China's cereal crops has reduced N2O emissions since the early 2000s.

PubMed

Sun, Wenjuan; Huang, Yao

2012-01-01

China has implemented a soil testing and fertilizer recommendation (STFR) program to reduce the over-usage of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on cereal crops since the late 1990 s. Using province scale datasets, we estimated an annual reduction rate of 2.5-5.1 kg N ha(-1) from 1998 to 2008 and improving grain yields, which were attributed to the balanced application of phosphate and potassium fertilization. Relative to the means for 1998-2000, the synthetic N fertilizer input and the corresponding N-induced N(2)O production in cereal crops were reduced by 22 ± 0.7 Tg N and 241 ± 4 Gg N(2)O-N in 2001-2008. Further investigation suggested that the N(2)O emission related to wheat and maize cultivation could be reduced by 32-43 Gg N(2)O-N per year in China (26%-41% of the emissions in 2008) if the STFR practice is implemented universally in the future. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Forest statistics for North Georgia, 1998

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson

1998-01-01

This report summarizes a 1998 inventory of the forest resources of a 21-county area of Georgia. Major findings are highlighted in text and graphs; detailed data are presented in 51 tables. This report highlights the principal findings of the seventh forest survey of North Georgia. Field work began in October 1997 and was completed in April 1998. Six previous...

21. Photocopy of an original drawing 29 March 1979 INSPECTION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopy of an original drawing 29 March 1979 INSPECTION STATION, HANDICAPPED AND MINOR ALTERATIONS (DETAILS OF TOILETS IN SOUTH WING) - U.S. Border Inspection Station, West side of State Route 95, Eastport, Boundary County, ID

Petroleum developments in North Africa in 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nicod, M.A.

In the 6 countries covered by this report, the extent of valid petroleum rights, seismic work, and drilling was nearly the same as in 1978. The success rate of wildcat drilling decreased slightly, to 28% (33% in 1978), with 26 oil or gas discoveries. In southwestern Tunisia, the Amoco Sabrina Nord 1 tested 930 bbl of 39/sup 0/ APl oil from Cambrian-Ordovician sandstones - the first oil to come from lower Paleozoic rocks in Tunisia. First commercial oil from Cambrian-Ordovician rocks in western Libya was discovered by Agip A1-NC40 which flowed 1,400 b/d. Highlight of the year in North Africamore » was in the interior basin of Sudan where the Chevron Abu Gabra 1 tested 900 BOPD of 40/sup 0/ APl oil from Cretaceous rocks; 2 other wells, spudded in late 1979 in the same area, have tested 3,200 and 7,300 b/d, respectively, in early 1980. Discovery well of the interior basin was Chevron Unity 1 which tested small amounts of oil in 1978. Oil production in North Africa in 1979 averaged 3,939,500 b/d compared with 3,802,800 b/d in 1978, an increase of 3.6%.« less

Impacts of 2000-2050 Climate Change on Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Air Quality in China Based on Statistical Projections Using an Ensemble of Global Climate Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leung, D. M.; Tai, A. P. K.; Shen, L.; Moch, J. M.; van Donkelaar, A.; Mickley, L. J.

2017-12-01

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality is strongly dependent on not only on emissions but also meteorological conditions. Here we examine the dominant synoptic circulation patterns that control day-to-day PM2.5 variability over China. We perform principal component (PC) analysis on 1998-2016 NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I daily meteorological fields to diagnose distinct synoptic meteorological modes, and perform PC regression on spatially interpolated 2014-2016 daily mean PM2.5 concentrations in China to identify modes dominantly explaining PM2.5 variability. We find that synoptic systems, e.g., cold-frontal passages, maritime inflow and frontal precipitation, can explain up to 40% of the day-to-day PM2.5 variability in major metropolitan regions in China. We further investigate how annually changing frequencies of synoptic systems, as well as changing local meteorology, drive interannual PM2.5 variability. We apply a spectral analysis on the PC time series to obtain the 1998-2016 annual median synoptic frequency, and use a forward-selection multiple linear regression (MLR) model of satellite-derived 1998-2015 annual mean PM2.5 concentrations on local meteorology and synoptic frequency, selecting predictors that explain the highest fraction of interannual PM2.5 variability while guarding against multicollinearity. To estimate the effect of climate change on future PM2.5 air quality, we project a multimodel ensemble of 15 CMIP5 models under the RCP8.5 scenario on the PM2.5-to-meteorology sensitivities derived for the present-day from the MLR model. Our results show that climate change could be responsible for increases in PM2.5 of more than 25 μg m-3 in northwestern China and 10 mg m-3 in northeastern China by the 2050s. Increases in synoptic frequency of cold-frontal passages cause only a modest 1 μg m-3 decrease in PM2.5 in North China Plain. Our analyses show that climate change imposes a significant penalty on air quality over China and poses serious threat on

Step-by-step synchronous variations of planetary natural processes in 1997-1998 and their uniform mechanism: phenomenon of "galloping of the core"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barkin, Yu. V.

2009-04-01

� = +0.0294 unit/yr AAM had a negative step in -0.91 unit in period of galoping years 1997-1998. Equatorial components of AAM are characterized by trends: ḣ1 = á¹- = -0.0057 unit/yr, ḣ2 = ˙Q = 0.0007 unit/yr. OAM. The trend of the angular momentum of ocean in northern hemisphere makes -0.12 ms/cy for the period of 1981-1989 (Brosche et al., 1997). And for southern hemisphere for the same period trend of axial angular momentum is characterized by velocity -0.24 ms/cy. Accordingly the general trend of OAM is estimated in -0.36 ms/cy(on data of Chen, 2005). HAM. Negative trends of the hydrological angular momentum for periods of time 1993.0 - 1997.0 and 1999.0-2004.3 consist about: -0.0052 ms/yr and -0.0061 ms/yr. The step of the hydrological angular momentum in 1997.0-1999.0 years consists +0.017 ms. Climate. In 1997-1998 sharp spasmodic increase of amplitude of change of quantity of low clouds (approximately in three times) has been observed. Sharp reduction of number of days of tropical cyclones in northern hemisphere had place in 1997-1998 (approximately for 130 days at the maximal values in 300-400). Temperature. On the data of observations for the period 1979 - 2007 the estimations of jumps in trends of temperatures have been obtained. In 1997-1998 years the global temperature has increased approximately on+0017, the average temperature in northern hemisphere has increased on +0015, and in a southern hemisphere is a little bit more essential on +0024. Cyclones. The number of storm days in the period November - April of each year for area of east Pacific tropical zone for three years 1996-1998 has grown three times in comparison with the similar three-annual periods of last 55 years. The step is in three times. Stratosphere. Daily values of the global contents of water pair in troposphere (mb) for the period 1979 - 2005 has tested one appreciable jump - step in 1997-1998 on +0.28 mb. The linear trend of decreasing of water pair in troposphere also was

Abstracts of ARI Research Publications, FY 1979

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

Technical Report 483 ABSTRACTS OF ARI RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS FY 1979 -- C:) U. S . ArmyL.) LAa Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social...U. S . ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the Deputy Chief of Staff...PIEIT’S ATALOG NUMBER Technical Report 483 l L~,2 y. (-P- NUZE 4. TITLE (nd Subtfti.) S . TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED ABSTRACTS OF ARI RESEARCH

Military Herald Indices (1975-1979). Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-01

KALININ,V.COL., S "YEDIN.S.ENGR.LC.CTS. 1977 APR TRAINER EXERCISE.: KISELEV.P.. SHILOV.A. 1976 FEB TRAINER FOR FIRING TRAINING; A CLASSROOM .: YAROSHEVSKIY,V...Military Herald Indices (1975-1979) 0 C\\I Volume I! Allan S . Rehm Lauren Van Metre Charles B. Hall DTIC ELECTE JUN 02 1989 A Division of Hudson...AVAILABILITY OF REPORT . DECLASSIFIATIN /Approved for Public Release; Distribution unlimited 4. PERFORM NG ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER( S ) S . MONITORING

Cesarean sections in Alberta from April 1979 to March 1988.

PubMed Central

Saunders, L D; Flowerdew, G

1991-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To determine (a) trends in the cesarean section rate in Alberta from April 1979 to March 1988, (b) the contribution of different primary indications to the overall increase in the cesarean section rate and (c) trends in the cesarean section rate by residence of the mother. DESIGN: Retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS: Women who gave birth in acute care hospitals in Alberta during the study period. Indications for cesarean section were defined by a hierarchic classification system. Geographic regions were identified according to the mother's residence. MAIN RESULTS: The crude cesarean section rate increased from 13.2 to 17.3 per 100 deliveries between 1979-80 and 1987-88. Previous cesarean section accounted for 54% of the increase, breech presentation for 17%, fetal distress for 17% and dystocia for 10%. The contribution of previous cesarean section was due to the substantial increase in the number of women presenting with a previous cesarean section. The cesarean section rate among women who had previously had the procedure decreased from 96.7% in 1979-80 to 84.6% in 1987-88. The crude cesarean section rates by region varied from 10.3 to 22.3 per 100 deliveries. CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts to reduce the rate of cesarean section among women who have previously undergone the procedure are needed to control the rate of cesarean section in Alberta. Decreasing the rate of primary cesarean section is also an important goal. PMID:2025819

Private Health Insurance Flans in 1978 and 1979: A Review of Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience

PubMed Central

Carroll, Marjorie Smith; Arnett, Ross H.

1981-01-01

The private health insurance industry collected $55.9 billion in premiums in 1979 and returned $50.2 billion in benefits to its subscribers. Premiums rose 12.4 percent, slightly faster than in 1978 when premiums rose 11.4 percent, to $49.7billion. Benefits rose 11.4 percent in 1979, down from the 12.6 rate in 1978. After operating expenses were deducted, the industry showed underwriting losses of $1.4 billion in 1979 and $1.5 billion in 1978. About 78 percent of the population was insured for hospital care, 76 percent for x-ray and laboratory examinations, and about 75 percent for surgical services in 1979. Smaller percentages had coverage for other types of care. An estimated 64 percent of the aged bought private hospital insurance, and about 43 percent bought surgical insurance, mostly to supplement Medicare benefits. An estimated 12 percent of persons under age 65 had no protection against the cost of hospital care either through private insurance or a public program such as Medicare or Medicaid. PMID:10309475

The Evolution of Organization Analysis in ASQ, 1959-1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daft, Richard L.

1980-01-01

During the period 1959-1979, a sharp trend toward low-variety statistical languages has taken place, which may represent an organizational mapping phase in which simple, quantifiable relationships have been formally defined and measured. A broader scope of research languages will be needed in the future. (Author/IRT)

Annual Report, 1979-1980. New York City Technical College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Technical Coll., Brooklyn. Div. of Continuing Education and Extension Services.

Funding, enrollments, and outcomes are reported for the programs offered during 1979-1980 by New York City Technical College's Division of Continuing Education and Extension Services. The report's introduction analyzes enrollment in the division, summarizes external evaluation of selected programs, and examines problems of staffing, space, and the…

AACJC International/Intercultural Consortium Summer Study Programs Overseas, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobsen, Becky

Responses are presented to a questionnaire on overseas summer programs that was sent in January 1979 to members of the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges (AACJC) International/Intercultural Consortium (IIC). Program descriptions are listed alphabetically by world region and country. Program information includes: name of program,…

Economic Education Projects: Abstracts from the 1979-80 Competition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, George E., Ed.

Over 175 economics education projects submitted to the 1979-1980 National Awards Program for Teaching Economics are abstracted. The aim of this annual competition is to discover outstanding classroom teaching practices while encouraging teachers to include and improve economics instruction in the classroom. Citations are contained in separate…

From environment to sustainable development: China's strategies for ESD in basic education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tiedao

2010-06-01

This paper intends to provide an overview of the reorientation of education in China in the period 1998-2009 with regard to development issues. During this time, the focus has shifted gradually from the environment and health to education for sustainable development. The article centres on highlighting the main interventions and strategies adopted by China's schools to make this reorientation possible, including: the introduction of new visions of sustainable development and project planning; the establishment of organisational mechanisms and capacity-building measures for their implementation in the field; the integration of ESD into teaching and learning processes; the maintenance of an action-research mechanism for innovations; and the sharing of lessons with both the national and the international community in order to make the implementation of ESD more effective.

Suprathermal O(+) and H(+) ion behavior during the March 22, 1979 (CDAW 6), substorms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ipavich, F. M.; Galvin, A. B.; Gloeckler, G.; Scholer, M.; Hovestadt, D.; Klecker, B.

1985-01-01

The present investigation has the objective to report on the behavior of energetic (approximately 130 keV) O(+) ions in the earth's plasma sheet, taking into account observations by the ISEE 1 spacecraft during a magnetically active time interval encompassing two major substorms on March 22, 1979. Attention is also given to suprathermal H(+) and He(++) ions. ISEE 1 plasma sheet observations of the proton and alpha particle phase space densities as a function of energy per charge during the time interval 0933-1000 UT on March 22, 1979 are considered along with the proton phase space density versus energy in the energy interval approximately 10 to 70 keV for the selected time periods 0933-1000 UT (presubstorm) and 1230-1243 UT (recovery phase) during the 1055 substorm on March 22, 1979. A table listing the proton energy density for presubstorm and recovery periods is also provided.

The Study of Airline Merger and Acquisition in the Great China Area

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shon, Zhengyi

2003-01-01

The Asian financial crisis in the late 20 th century has some long lasting effect on the air transportation industry in Asia, especially in the Great China Area. Starting from 1998, airlines in both China and Taiwan suffered some serious financial losses due to the diminishing travel demand caused by the economic recession. Airlines were forced to cut price to attract passengers and hence crashed the market discipline. A number of airline mergers and acquisitions were then driven by the markets and the governments. After China and Taiwan have both entered the World Trade Organization, some mega-merging cases were finalized in late 2002 for better fitting the world's aviation competitions. This paper reviews the nine merging and acquiring cases in the Great China Area in the past 5 years. Almost all the airlines in the area were involved. The new groups of airlines and the survival airlines are introduced. Market response to the airline mergers will also be examined. A general look over the performance of the new airlines will be discussed. And the future of the market will also be analyzed. Finally, the practices and the impacts of current inter-state mergers in the Great China Area will be examined. The study has expected a highly concentrated domestic market in both China and Taiwan. Each of the market will be dominated by three major airline groups of their own. Cross-holding equity within these 6 leading aviation groups would also be possible after further deregulations.

Interim report on the St. Elias, Alaska earthquake of 28 February 1979

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lahr, John C.; Plafker, George; Stephens, C.D.; Foglean, K.A.; Blackford, M.E.

1979-01-01

On 28 February 1979 an earthquake with surface wave magnitude (Ms) of 7.7 (W. Person, personal communication, 1979) occurred beneath the Chugach and St. Elias mountains of southern Alaska (fig. 1). This is a region of complex tectonics resulting from northwestward convergence between the Pacific and North American plates. To the east, the northwest-trending Fairweather fault accommodates the movement with dextral slip of about 5.5 cm/yr (Plafker, Hudson, and others, 1978); to the west, the Pacific plate underthrusts Alaska at the Aleutian trench, which trends southwestward (Plafker 1969). The USGS has operated a telemetered seismic network in southern Alaska since 1971 and it was greatly expanded along the eastern Gulf of Alaska in September 1974. The current configuration of stations is shown in Figure 9. Technical details of the network are available in published earthquake catalogs (Lahr, Page, and others, 1974; Fogleman, Stephens, and others, 1978). Preliminary analysis of the data from this network covering the time period September 1, 1978 through March 10, 1979, as well as worldwide data for the main shock will be discussed in this paper.

Training and technology statistical report, October 1979-September 1980

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1981-01-01

A total of 839 trainees were enrolled at TAT during the 1979 to 1980 training year. Section One of this statistical report includes information on only those 613 trainees who exited training between October 1, 1979, and September 30, 1980. Demographic, educational, and employment data on the 613 exiting trainees - graduates and nongraduates - are summarized. There were 478 graduates (78% of concluding trainees), of whom 459 were available for placement. Profile summaries of graduates and nongraduates are tabulated. Of the 459 available for placement, 432 were placed in jobs with beginning wages averaging $6.34 per hour. The estimatedmore » annual income for those who were placed, assuming 2080 h/y, was $13,187. The majority of graduates, 85.8%, were unemployed at the time they entered TAT. The remainder, 14.2% of graduates, reported wages averaging $3.62 per hour at entry to training. Projected on an annual basis, those graduates employed at entry earned $7529. Compared to the average starting wage of placed TAT trainees on their first jobs after graduation, $13,187, their increased earnings were $5658 or a 75% increase after training. During the training year there were 135 trainees who did not graduate. Exit information on these nongraduates is presented. In addition to industrial skills training, TAT offers trainees who do not have a high school diploma or its equivalent the opportunity to work on the General Education Development (GED) by studying at TAT. Thirty-five trainees received their GED certification during the 1979 to 1980 training year. Supplementary statistical data on TAT enrollments, training and placement from 1966 to 1980 is provided.« less

Taxonomic review of the genus Indomyrlaea Roesler & Küppers 1979 of China, with descriptions of five new species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae).

PubMed

Ren, Yingdang; Yang, Linlin; Li, Houhun

2015-08-24

The taxonomy of the Chinese species of the genus Indomyrlaea Roesler & Küppers, 1979 is revised. Five new species, namely I. bannensis Ren & Li sp. nov., I. fastigipalpa Ren & Li sp. nov., I. nigra Ren & Li sp. nov., I. proceripalpa Ren & Li sp. nov., and I. sinuapalpa Ren & Li sp. nov., are described. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Sandrabatis Ragonot, 1893 and its type species Sandrabatis crassiella Ragonot, 1893 are synonymized with Ceroprepes Zeller, 1867 and Ceroprepes ophthalmicella (Christoph, 1881), respectively; Indomyrlaea phaeella (Hampson, 1903) comb. nov. is transferred from Sandrabatis. The original combination Nephopterix eugraphella Ragonot, 1888 is resurrected from its previous affiliation with Indomyrlaea. A checklist and a key to all the known species of the world are included.

Abortion surveillance--United States, 1998.

PubMed

Herndon, Joy; Strauss, Lilo T; Whitehead, Sara; Parker, Wilda Y; Bartlett, Linda; Zane, Suzanne

2002-06-07

In 1969, CDC began abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions, to monitor unintended pregnancy, and to assist efforts to identify and reduce preventable causes of morbidity and mortality associated with abortions. This report summarizes and reviews information reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 1998. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by occurrence. From 1973 to 1997, data were received from or estimated for 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1998, CDC compiled abortion data from only 48 reporting areas; Alaska, California, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma did not report. In 1998, 884,273 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC, representing a 2% decrease from the 900,171 legal induced abortions reported by the same 48 reporting areas for 1997. The abortion ratio, defined as the number of abortions per 1,000 live births, was 264, compared with 274 in 1997 (for the same 48 areas); the abortion rate for these 48 areas was 17 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years for both 1997 and 1998. The availability of information about characteristics of women who obtained an abortion in 1998 varied by state and by the number of states reporting each characteristic. The total number of legal induced abortions by state is reported by state of residence and state of occurrence; characteristics of women obtaining abortions in 1998 are reported by state of occurrence. Women undergoing an abortion were likely to be young (i.e., age < 25 years), white, and unmarried; slightly more than one half were obtaining an abortion for the first time. Of all abortions for which gestational age was reported, 56% were performed at < or = 8 weeks of gestation, and 88% were performed before 13 weeks. Overall, 19% of abortions were performed at the earliest weeks of gestation (< or = 6 weeks), 18% at 7 weeks

Proceedings : Workshop on Tunnel Lining Design, March 12 & 13, 1979

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-12-01

This report documents the proceedings of the Workshop on Tunnel Lining Design that was held at the U.S. Department of Transportation's Transportation Systems Center (TSC) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 12 and 13, 1979. The workshop was sponsor...

The Impacts of China's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance on Healthcare Expenditures and Health Outcomes.

PubMed

Huang, Feng; Gan, Li

2017-02-01

At the end of 1998, China launched a government-run mandatory insurance program, the urban employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI), to replace the previous medical insurance system. Using the UEBMI reform in China as a natural experiment, this study identifies variations in patient cost sharing that were imposed by the UEBMI reform and examines their effects on the demand for healthcare services. Using data from the 1991-2006 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we find that increased cost sharing is associated with decreased outpatient medical care utilization and expenditures but not with decreased inpatient care utilization and expenditures. Patients from low-income and middle-income households or with less severe medical conditions are more sensitive to prices. We observe little impact on patient's health, as measured by self-reported health status. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs 1979-1980 Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs, Phoenix.

Designed to provide insight into the proceedings, transactions, and findings of the Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs, this 1979-80 annual report reflects the Commission's efforts to act in a liaison capacity between tribes and state government and to provide tribes with technical assistance. The report describes 17 projects completed during…

Is gender important? Victimisation and perpetration of intimate partner violence in mainland China.

PubMed

Breckenridge, Jan; Yang, Ting; Poon, Abner Weng Cheong

2018-04-14

Establishing the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recommended by International Conventions and Declarations for some time beginning with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Articles 12 and 19) in 1979. One important recommendation of such international protocols is the implementation of national population prevalence surveys to establishing IPV as a serious social issue globally, which is intended to provide data for planning effective responses within signatory countries. However, not all countries have undertaken national prevalence surveys meaning that there are gaps in our understanding of who are the perpetrators and victims of IPV in different cultural contexts. This article presents the results of a scoping review of literature examining gender differences in prevalence rates of victimisation and perpetration of IPV in mainland China (hereon China). There has been little written about the prevalence of IPV in China generally, and this scoping process located only nine peer-reviewed articles written in both English- and Chinese-language journals focusing on both gender and IPV published between 1997 and 2016. Results of this scoping review demonstrate that while both women and men perpetrate IPV in China, the prevalence rates of different types of IPV reflect gender differences in both perpetration and victimisation, suggesting that IPV is not a unitary phenomenon. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings including the importance of increasing awareness of IPV in China more generally and developing gender-specific interventions to directly address different types of IPV. Directions for future research are also canvassed. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

23. Photocopy of 1979 engineering drawing. 'IN DEPTH BRIDGE INSPECTION, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. Photocopy of 1979 engineering drawing. 'IN DEPTH BRIDGE INSPECTION, LEWISBURG, UNION COUNTY,' SHOWING FRAMING PLAN AND STRESS DIAGRAM. (Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.) - St. Anthony Street Bridge, Spanning Buffalo Creek, Legislative Route 59024, Lewisburg, Union County, PA

Educator Preparation in Colorado Report, Nos. 26 and 27. 1997-1998 and 1998-1999. A Summary of Annual Reports Submitted by Colorado Educator Preparation Institutions for the Periods August 31, 1997 through September 1, 1998 and August 31, 1998 through September 1, 1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colorado State Dept. of Education, Denver.

This publication presents a summary of annual reports submitted by Colorado education preparation institutions to the Colorado State Department of Education for the periods August 31, 1997 through September 1, 1998 and August 31, 1998 through September 1, 1999. The reports are intended to facilitate communication between the institutions and the…

AusEinetter, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AusEinetter, 1998

1998-01-01

This publication contains the 1998 issues of the Australian Early Intervention Network for Mental Health in Young People newsletters for health professionals. The newsletters disseminate information about the national and local initiatives for intervention and prevention of mental health problems in young children and youth. Each issue also offers…

Tephra from the 1979 soufriere explosive eruption.

PubMed

Sigurdsson, H

1982-06-04

The explosive phase of the 1979 Soufriere eruption produced 37.5 x 10(6) cubic meters (dense-rock equivalent) of tephra, consisting of about 40 percent juvenile basaltic andesite and 60 percent of a nonjuvenile component derived from the fragmentation of the 1971-1972 lava island during phreatomagmatic explosions. The unusually fine grain size, poor sorting, and bimodality of the land deposit are attributed to particle aggregation and the formation of accretionary lapilli in a wet eruption column.

Pioneer Mars 1979 mission options

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friedlander, A. L.; Hartmann, W. K.; Niehoff, J. C.

1974-01-01

A preliminary investigation of lower cost Mars missions which perform useful exploration objectives after the Viking/75 mission was conducted. As a study guideline, it was assumed that significant cost savings would be realized by utilizing Pioneer hardware currently being developed for a pair of 1978 Venus missions. This in turn led to the additional constraint of a 1979 launch with the Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle which has been designated for the Pioneer Venus missions. Two concepts, using an orbiter bus platform, were identified which have both good science potential and mission simplicity indicative of lower cost. These are: (1) an aeronomy/geology orbiter, and (2) a remote sensing orbiter with a number of deployable surface penetrometers.

Impacts of climate change on trends in baseflow and stormflow in major watersheds of China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, L.

2017-12-01

Impacts of climate change on trends in baseflow and stormflow in major watersheds of ChinaLijun Wang1, Fuqiang Tian1*, Hongchang Hu11State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Abstracts: During the past 50 years, runoff from the major watersheds in China has demonstrated a decrease trend. The variations in the amount of precipitation will directly influence the runoff, however in some parts of China, it is also found that there is huge variations in the amount of runoff whereas the amount of precipitation has not shown such variations. In the same time, the intensity and duration of rainfall has changed a lot. Therefore, it is important to categorize the different trends of runoff and to identify the major factors responsible for these changes. In this study, we have collected the data of 200 different locations from 8 major watersheds of China. By comparing and analyzing the daily precipitation and the daily runoff data, we have found some significant changes in runoff coefficients between two periods (1979-1988 and 2006-2014). On the basis of this, the further study will be carried out which identify that how the climate change influences the two major components of runoff, baseflow and stormflow. The impact of anthropogenic activity in the study area could not be ignored and it is important to know whether human action and climate change is the main factors for the decline of waterflow in river and how these factors influence the river water.

Embracing Jewish Day School Education in England, 1965-1979

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendelsson, David

2009-01-01

Between 1965 and 1979 the demand for places at Jewish day schools in England rose dramatically. In the preceding decades, most parents sent their children to state non-denominational schools, showing little interest in providing their children with a solid Jewish education. Sunday or after-school Hebrew classes, rarely extending beyond Bar/Bat…

Financial Measures Conference: Progress in Measuring Financial Conditions of Colleges and Universities. Proceedings of the 1979 Working Conference (Annapolis, Maryland, September 27-28, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stich, Judith, Ed.

Proceedings of the 1979 Financial Measures Conference which assess "Progress in Measuring Financial Conditions of Colleges and Universities" are presented. Focus is the prospective uses of financial indicators and the results of attempts to employ indicators at the institutional, state, regional, and federal levels for management, and…

Internet-based health education in China: a content analysis of websites.

PubMed

Peng, Ying; Wu, Xi; Atkins, Salla; Zwarentein, Merrick; Zhu, Ming; Zhan, Xing Xin; Zhang, Fan; Ran, Peng; Yan, Wei Rong

2014-01-27

The Internet is increasingly being applied in health education worldwide; however there is little knowledge of its use in Chinese higher education institutions. The present study provides the first review and highlights the deficiencies and required future advances in Chinese Internet-based health education. Two authors independently conducted a duplicate Internet search in order to identify information regarding Internet-based health education in China. The findings showed that Internet-based education began in China in September 1998. Currently, only 16 of 150 (10.7%) health education institutions in China offer fee-based online undergraduate degree courses, awarding associates and/or bachelors degrees. Fifteen of the 16 institutions were located in the middle or on the eastern coast of China, where were more developed than other regions. Nursing was the most popular discipline in Internet-based health education, while some other disciplines, such as preventive medicine, were only offered at one university. Besides degree education, Chinese institutions also offered non-degree online training and free resources. The content was mainly presented in the form of PowerPoint slides or videos for self-learning. Very little online interactive mentoring was offered with any of the courses. There is considerable potential for the further development of Internet-based health education in China. These developments should include a focus on strengthening cooperation among higher education institutions in order to develop balanced online health curricula, and on enhancing distance education in low- and middle-income regions to meet extensive learning demands.

Child neglect in one-child families from Suzhou City of Mainland China

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The one-child policy introduced in China in 1979 has led to far-reaching changes in socio-demographic characteristics. Under this policy regime, each household has few children. This study aims to describe the prevalence of child neglect in one-child families in China and to examine the correlates of child neglect. Methods A cross-sectional study of 2044 children aged 6 to 9 years and recruited from four primary schools in Suzhou City, China was conducted. Neglect subtypes were determined using a validated indigenous measurement scale reported by parents. Child, parental and family characteristics were obtained by questionnaires and review of social security records. Linear regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations between these factors and the subtypes of child neglect. Results The prevalence of child any neglect was 32.0% in one child families in Suzhou City, China. Supervisory (20.3%) neglect was the most prevalent type of child neglect, followed by emotional (15.2%), physical (11.1%), and educational (6.0%) neglect After simultaneous adjustment to child and family characteristics and the school factor, boys, children with physical health issues and cognitive impairment, younger and unemployed mother, were positively associated with neglect subtypes. We also found that parents with higher education and three-generation families were negatively associated with neglect. Conclusion The rates of child neglect subtypes vary across different regions in China probably due to the different policy implementation and socio-economic levels, with a lower level of physical and educational neglect and a higher level of emotional neglect in this study. The three-generation family structure was correlates of neglect which may be unique in one child families. This indicates that future intervention programs in one-child families should target these factors. PMID:24661722

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Meteorology.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Marine Education, Vol. 15, No. 3, p. 28,1998. Murphree, X, "Hot and Cold Glasses: Activities on the Global Water Cycle ," Current: The Journal of...Marine Education, Vol. 15, No. 3, p. 28,1998. Murphree, T, "Hot and Cold Glasses: Activities on the Global Water Cycle ," Current: The Journal of Marine

Fiscal year 1979 scientific and technical reports, articles, papers and presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, O. L. (Compiler)

1979-01-01

This bibliography lists approximately 590 formal NASA technical reports, papers published in technical journals, presentations by MSFC personnel, and reports of MSFC contractors introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1979.

A Knowledge Development Plan for Youth Initiatives, Fiscal 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Employment and Training Administration (DOL), Washington, DC. Office of Youth Programs.

This report summarizes the past, present, and future activities of the Knowledge Development Plan for Youth Initiatives, which is being developed and implemented as part of the Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act (YEDPA). First, a framework for the plan is given, covering the aims of the fiscal 1978 and 1979 activities which stress…

TASH Newsletter, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TASH Newsletter, 1998

1998-01-01

The ten 1998 issues of the newsletter of TASH comprise this document. An issue typically contains news items, a column by the organization's executive director, reports from special interest groups, legislative testimony, conference information, and several major articles, such as the following: "A Q&A on IDEA 97 with Tom Gilhool"; "Positive…

Terrorism in the United States 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

accomplice in the World Trade Center bombing was also sen- tenced in 1998. Eyad Mahmoud Ismail Najim, who drove the bomb-laden van into the parking...was found guilty, while Cornelius Veldhuizen and Ralph Clark were found not guilty of the charges brought against them. Because the second trial...found guilty of driving the explosive-laden van into the World Trade Center. TERRORISM IN THE UNITED STATES 1998 10 ing and the plot to bomb the U.S

Crustal structure of China from deep seismic sounding profiles

USGS Publications Warehouse

Li, S.; Mooney, W.D.

1998-01-01

More than 36,000 km of Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profiles have been collected in China since 1958. However, the results of these profiles are not well known in the West due to the language barrier. In this paper, we summarize the crustal structure of China with a new contour map of crustal thickness, nine representative crustal columns, and maps showing profile locations, average crustal velocity, and Pn velocity. The most remarkable aspect of the crustal structure of China is the well known 70+ km thickness of the crust of the Tibetan Plateau. The thick (45-70 km) crust of western China is separated from the thinner (30-45 km) crust of eastern China by the north-south trending seismic belt (105??E). The average crustal velocity of China ranges from 6.15 to 6.45 km/s, indicating a felsic-to-intermediate bulk crustal composition. Upper mantle (Pn) velocities are 8.0 ?? 0.2 km/s, equal to the global continental average. We interpret these results in terms of the most recent thermo-tectonic events that have modified the crust. In much of eastern China, Cenoxoic crustal extension has produced a thin crust with a low average crustal velocity, similar to western Europe and the Basin and Range Province, western USA. In western China, Mesozoic and Cenoxoic arc-continent and continent-continent collisions have led to crustal growth and thickening. Inferences on the process of crustal thickening are provided by the deep crustal velocity structure as determined by DSS profiles and other seismological studies. A high velocity (7.0-7.4 km/s) lower-crustal layer has been reported in western China only beneath the southernmost Tibetan Plateau. We identity this high-velocity layer as the cold lower crust of the subducting Indian plate. As the Indian crust is injected northward into the Tibetan lower crust, it heats and assimilates by partial melting, a process that results in a reduction in the seismic velocity of the lower crust in the central and northern Tibetan Plateau

Drug and alcohol testing results 1998 annual report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The Drug and Alcohol Testing Results 1998 Annual Report is a compilation and analysis of drug and alcohol testing results reported by transit systems in the United States during 1998. The report covers results for the following drug types: marijuana ...

1979-80 Internal Revenue Service Comparison Study. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Applied Management Sciences, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.

Application forms for the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant (BEOG) program for 1979-1980 were compared to 1978 tax forms filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Comparisons were also made to data from similar 1974-1975 and 1976-1977 studies. Based on a sample of 407,596 applicants, findings include the following: between 1976-1977 and…

Evolution of China's water issues as framed in Chinese mainstream media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Zhang, Z.

2016-12-01

There is an urgent need globally to trigger fundamental societal changes in water use away from existing unsustainable paradigms. This paper attempts to understand the evolution of newspaper coverage of water issues in China by analyzing water-related articles in a major national newspaper People's Daily during 1946-2012 using a content analysis approach. The major findings include: 1) water issues have been in relatively important positions in the newspaper; 2) water issues reporting in China has experienced three stages: 1946- the middle of 1980s: flood and drought control and water for food; the middle of 1980s to 1997: water for economic development; and 1998 to the present: water for the environmental sustainability and economic development; 3) water issue reporting in the People's Daily clearly reflected China's top-down water resources management system, no "real" public opinions on water were reported during the study period; 4) The People's Daily is just a wind vane of Chinese mainstream values and policies on water. These findings supported the realist assumption that the societal changes on water issues in China were triggered by a multitude of factors including the biophysical pressure (floods and droughts), political campaign (the Cultural Revolution), macro-economic reform (Reform and Opening-up), water institutional arrangement (the Water Law) and water management reform (the No. 1 Central Document on water reform).

The History and Challenges of Blood Donor Screening in China.

PubMed

Li, Ling; Li, Ka Yi; Yan, Ke; Ou, Guojin; Li, Wenhui; Wang, Jue; Song, Ning; Tian, Li; Ji, Xin; Chen, Yongjun; Liang, Xiaohua; Liu, Zhong; Wu, Yanyun

2017-04-01

Since the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government has encountered several catastrophes related to transfusion transmitted diseases. The government's increasing attention to blood safety has prompted the initiation of a series of policies and measures that have enhanced the level of safety for the blood supply and met the basic clinical demands of blood for 1.3 billion people in the country. Blood donation screening strategies in China predominantly comprise donor screening and donor testing. Donor screening includes selection of low-risk blood donors by the use of a donor history questionnaire, predonation physical examination, and initial rapid donor testing. Donor testing includes direct pathogen detection and serology tests. The year 1998 marked the most transformative change in blood donor selection and screening policies in China. Before 1998, paid donation was the predominant mode of blood donation. Donor screening and donor testing were conducted before donation, and only those who were eligible were allowed to donate. To ensure the safety of blood, donor testing was performed again after donation. After the implementation of the Blood Donation Law in 1998, to promote voluntary and unpaid donation, predonation donor testing was eliminated to reduce the amount of waiting time and to provide a more convenient donation experience for blood donors. However, it is the national requirement that donated blood should undergo 2 rounds of testing using different equipment or reagents, conducted by different personnel. Donor selection has transitioned from paid donation and obligatory donation to voluntary donation with fixed volunteer groups, as the latter mode of donation provides the lowest risks. Donations are currently screened for syphilis, hepatitis C virus, HIV, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Units, previously typed only for ABO, are now routinely tested for both ABO and Rh(D). Innovations in testing technologies and methods

Platinum recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hilliard, Henry E.

2001-01-01

In the United States, catalytic converters are the major source of secondary platinum for recycling. Other sources of platinum scrap include reforming and chemical process catalysts. The glass industry is a small but significant source of platinum scrap. In North America, it has been estimated that in 1998 more than 20,000 kilograms per year of platinum-group metals from automobile catalysts were available for recycling. In 1998, an estimated 7,690 kilograms of platinum were recycled in the United States. U.S. recycling efficiency was calculated to have been 76 percent in 1998; the recycling rate was estimated at 16 percent.

168. Photocopy of drawing (1979 civil engineering drawing by the ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

168. Photocopy of drawing (1979 civil engineering drawing by the Space and Missile Test Center, USAF) NITROGEN AND HELIUM PUMPING SYSTEM INSTALLATION SITE PLAN, SHEET 511-C-1 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Psychiatrists, mental health provision and 'senile dementia' in England, 1940s-1979.

PubMed

Hilton, Claire

2015-06-01

Until around 1979, 'confused' or mentally unwell people over 65 years of age tended to be labelled as having 'senile dementia'. Senile dementia was usually regarded as a single, inevitably hopeless condition, despite gradually accumulating clinical and pathological evidence to the contrary. Specific psychiatric services for mental illness in older people began to emerge in the 1950s, but by 1969 there were fewer than 10 dedicated services nationally. During the 1970s, 'old age psychiatrists' established local services and campaigned nationally for them. By 1979, about 100 old age psychiatrists were leading multi-disciplinary teams in half the health districts in England. This paper explores the tortuous development of these new services, focusing on provision for people with dementia. © The Author(s) 2015.

(ETHNO-)MEDICAL ETHICS IN GLOBALIZING CHINA: TRACING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND ADAPTATION OF BIOMEDICINE.

PubMed

Micollier, Evelyne

2015-12-01

Encounters between several bodies of therapeutic knowledge have led to a restructuring of the entire health system, including a transformation in medical ethics. Defining "new ethics" with both Chinese and international characteristics, is part of the ongoing knowledge production process: plural health ideas, practices and medical sciences develop within the broader framework of social and economic transition. Such transition simultaneously reveals and encourages China's influence and position in an era of globalization including in the technical and knowledge production domains. Re-alignments in medical ethics in Reform China (post-1979) highlight a rather under-explored aspect of medical plurality enabling these ethics to be used as an analytical lens to provide information about social and political issues. In this article, two sets of ethical principles, one from Late Imperial China (Late Ming Era), the other from post-Mao China (1980s), are detailed and analysed. They were selected as case-studies mainly because they reflected at the time of their emergence an on-going radical change in society in the realm of health and medicine. Therefore both sets unveil the process of legitimizing a "Chinese medicine" in a context of epistemological shift: such a process takes various conceptual and practicalforms framed along the lines of the current dominant ideological system and constrained by socio-economic and political factors. Finally, issues relative to research ethics, bioethics and the New Health Reform guidelines raised in the 2000s, which represents also a significant historical turn for China, are discussed. Drawn from the overall discussion throughout the text, several concluding remarks contribute to advocate for "win-win" encounters--from the East to the West and from the South to the South, and for more implementable transnational/global ethics designing.

Assessment on the Benefits from Energy Structure Optimization and Coal-fired Emission Control in Beijing: 1998-2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zong, Y.; He, K.; Zhang, Q.; Hong, C.

2016-12-01

Coal has long been an important energy type of Beijing's energy consumption. Since 1998, to improve urban air quality, Beijing has vigorously promoted the structure optimization of energy consumption. Primary measures included the implementation of strict emission standards for coal-fired power plant boilers, subsidized replacement and after-treatment retrofit of coal-fired boilers, the mandatory application of low-sulfur coal, and the accelerated use of natural gas, imported electricity and other clean energy. This work attempts to assess the emission reduction benefits on measures of three sectors, including replacing with clean energy and application of end-of-pipe control technologies in power plants, comprehensive control on coal-fired boilers and residential heating renovation. This study employs the model of Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) to quantify emission reductions from upfront measures. These control measures have effectively reduced local emissions of major air pollutants in Beijing. The total emissions of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX from power plants in Beijing are estimated to have reduced 14.5 kt, 23.7 kt, 45.0 kt and 7.6 kt from 1998 to 2013, representing reductions of 86%, 87%, 85% and 16%, respectively. Totally, 14.3 kt, 24.0 kt, 136 kt and 48.7kt of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX emissions have been mitigated due to the comprehensive control measures on coal-fired boilers from 1998 to 2013. Residential heating renovation projects by replacing coal with electricity in Beijing's conventional old house areas contribute to emission reductions of 630 t, 870 t, 2070 t and 790 t for PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX, respectively.

Brief description of research papers accepted for publication during 1979. Annual report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nash, D.B

1980-06-16

Brief descriptions of research papers in radiobiology, biochemistry, metabolism, and biophysics published during 1979 are presented. The research was conducted by investigators in the Dept. of Radiation Biology and Biophysics. (ACR)

An evaluation of Washington state's 1979 driving while intoxicated (DWI) laws

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-12-01

In 1979 Washington State passed legislation establishing several new provisions for dealing with the drinking driver. Among these were the establishment of a 'per se' definition of DWI as driving or being in physical control of a motor vehicle with a...

A Variable-Resolution Stretched-Grid General Circulation Model and Data Assimilation System with Multiple Areas of Interest: Studying the Anomalous Regional Climate Events of 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S.; Takacs, Lawrence; Govindaraju, Ravi C.; Atlas, Robert (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The new stretched-grid design with multiple (four) areas of interest, one at each global quadrant, is implemented into both a stretched-grid GCM (general circulation model) and a stretched-grid data assimilation system (DAS). The four areas of interest include: the U.S./Northern Mexico, the El Nino area/Central South America, India/China, and the Eastern Indian Ocean/Australia. Both the stretched-grid GCM and DAS annual (November 1997 through December 1998) integrations are performed with 50 km regional resolution. The efficient regional down-scaling to mesoscales is obtained for each of the four areas of interest while the consistent interactions between regional and global scales and the high quality of global circulation, are preserved. This is the advantage of the stretched-grid approach. The global variable resolution DAS incorporating the stretched-grid GCM has been developed and tested as an efficient tool for producing regional analyses and diagnostics with enhanced mesoscale resolution. The anomalous regional climate events of 1998 that occurred over the U.S., Mexico, South America, China, India, African Sahel, and Australia are investigated in both simulation and data assimilation modes. Tree assimilated products are also used, along with gauge precipitation data, for validating the simulation results. The obtained results show that the stretched-grid GCM and DAS are capable of producing realistic high quality simulated and assimilated products at mesoscale resolution for regional climate studies and applications.

Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments. Number 42, July-August 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

47, no. 2, 1979, 279-283. 32. Masarnovskiy, L.V., A.N. Soldatov, and V.3. Sukhanov (396). Excitation of dye solutions and compounds by copper vapor...Zhigalkin, V.A. Kovalevskiy, V.N. Kosinov, A.N. Orayevskiy, A.N. Sukhanov , and N.F. Starodubtsev (1). Comparing the pump efficiency for various

Talents Unlimited Program: Summary of Research Finding for 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLean, James E.; Chissom, Brad S.

During the 1979-80 school year, the Talents Unlimited (TU) program (validated by the Joint Dissemination Review Panel) for talented students in grades 1 through 6 was evaluated by nine adopting school systems. Five talent areas were addressed: communication, forecasting, decision making, productive thinking, and planning. Data were analyzed for…

Global Precipitation during the 1997-98 El Nino and Initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Scott; Adler, Robert; Huffman, George; Nelkin, Eric; Bolvin, David

1999-01-01

The 1997-99 ENSO (El nino Southern Oscillation) cycle was very powerful, but also well observed. The best satellite rainfall estimates combined with gauge observations allow for a global analysis of precipitation anomalies accompanying the 1997-98 El Nino and initiation of the 1998-99 La Nina. For the period April 1997 to March 1998 the central to eastern Pacific, southeastern and western U.S., Argentina, eastern Africa, South China, eastern Russia, and North Atlantic were all more than two standard deviations wetter than normal. During the same year the Maritime Continent, eastern Indian Ocean, subtropical North Pacific, northeastern South America, and much of the mid- latitude southern oceans were more than two standard deviations drier than normal. An analysis of the evolution of the El Nino and accompanying precipitation anomalies revealed that a dry Maritime Continent led the formation of the El Nino SST (Sea Surface Temperature), while in the central Pacific, precipitation anomalies lagged the El Nino SST by a season. A rapid transition from El Nino to La Nina occurred in May 1998, but as early as October-November 1997 precipitation indices captured precursor changes in Pacific rainfall anomalies. Differences were found between observed and modeled [NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis] precipitation anomalies for 1997 and 98. In particular, the model had a bias towards positive precipitation anomalies and the magnitudes of the anomalies in the equatorial Pacific were small compared to the observations. Also, the evolution of the precipitation field, including the drying of the Maritime Continent and eastward progression of rainfall in the equatorial Pacific, was less pronounced for the model compared to the observations. One degree daily estimates of rainfall show clearly the MaddenJulian Oscillation and related westerly wind burst events over the Maritime Continent, which are key

Inter-specific competition: Spartina alterniflora is replacing Spartina anglica in coastal China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhi, Yingbiao; Li, Hongli; An, Shuqing; Zhao, Lei; Zhou, Changfang; Deng, Zifa

2007-09-01

Spartina anglica C. E Hubbard, an invasive species world wide, underwent rapid invasion before the 1990s and followed by a drastic decline in costal China since its first introduction from Europe in 1963. It was hypothesized that the competition with Spartina alterniflora Loisel., introduced into China in 1979, might play an important role in this decline due to their overlapping niche existed in the field. In this paper, we evaluated relative competitive ability using the Relative Neighbour Effect (RNE) index and the growth responses of the two species under both independent and mixed planting experiments. Several performance indices, including culm height, as well as above-ground, below-ground and spike biomass, were significantly higher in S. alterniflora than S. anglica. The relative inter-specific competitive ability of S. alterniflora was significantly greater than that of S. anglica and S. alterniflora exerted an asymmetric, competitive dominance over S. anglica. The competition remarkably reduced several performance parameters in S. anglica including: above-ground biomass, culm height, stalk diameter, number of leaves, number of roots, max root length, leaf area, leaf thickness; numbers of ramets, rhizomes, internodes of total rhizomes, vegetative tillers (and consequently total tillers), and total length of rhizomes. This substantial growth advantage of S. alterniflora might explain its greater inter-specific competitive ability, and suggests a mechanism by which S. alterniflora has been able to replace S. anglica and quickly invade the natural salt marsh communities of coastal China.

Biomass carbon stocks in China's forests between 2000 and 2050: a prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships.

PubMed

Xu, Bing; Guo, ZhaoDi; Piao, ShiLong; Fang, JingYun

2010-07-01

China's forests are characterized by young forest age, low carbon density and a large area of planted forests, and thus have high potential to act as carbon sinks in the future. Using China's national forest inventory data during 1994-1998 and 1999-2003, and direct field measurements, we investigated the relationships between forest biomass density and forest age for 36 major forest types. Statistical approaches and the predicted future forest area from the national forestry development plan were applied to estimate the potential of forest biomass carbon storage in China during 2000-2050. Under an assumption of continuous natural forest growth, China's existing forest biomass carbon (C) stock would increase from 5.86 Pg C (1 Pg=10(15) g) in 1999-2003 to 10.23 Pg C in 2050, resulting in a total increase of 4.37 Pg C. Newly planted forests through afforestation and reforestation will sequestrate an additional 2.86 Pg C in biomass. Overall, China's forests will potentially act as a carbon sink for 7.23 Pg C during the period 2000-2050, with an average carbon sink of 0.14 Pg C yr(-1). This suggests that China's forests will be a significant carbon sink in the next 50 years.

Internet-based health education in China: a content analysis of websites

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The Internet is increasingly being applied in health education worldwide; however there is little knowledge of its use in Chinese higher education institutions. The present study provides the first review and highlights the deficiencies and required future advances in Chinese Internet-based health education. Methods Two authors independently conducted a duplicate Internet search in order to identify information regarding Internet-based health education in China. Results The findings showed that Internet-based education began in China in September 1998. Currently, only 16 of 150 (10.7%) health education institutions in China offer fee-based online undergraduate degree courses, awarding associates and/or bachelors degrees. Fifteen of the 16 institutions were located in the middle or on the eastern coast of China, where were more developed than other regions. Nursing was the most popular discipline in Internet-based health education, while some other disciplines, such as preventive medicine, were only offered at one university. Besides degree education, Chinese institutions also offered non-degree online training and free resources. The content was mainly presented in the form of PowerPoint slides or videos for self-learning. Very little online interactive mentoring was offered with any of the courses. Conclusions There is considerable potential for the further development of Internet-based health education in China. These developments should include a focus on strengthening cooperation among higher education institutions in order to develop balanced online health curricula, and on enhancing distance education in low- and middle-income regions to meet extensive learning demands. PMID:24467710

Evolutionary genetics of genotype H1 measles viruses in China from 1993 to 2012

PubMed Central

Xu, Songtao; Zhang, Yan; Rivailler, Pierre; Wang, Huiling; Ji, Yixin; Zhen, Zhu; Mao, Naiying; Li, Chongshan; Bellini, William J.

2014-01-01

Virologic surveillance is a critical component of measles management. One of the criteria for verification of elimination of endemic measles is genetic analysis of wild-type viruses to demonstrate lack of an indigenous genotype. Measles is yet to be eliminated in China, and genotype H1 has been detected continuously since virologic surveillance was initiated in 1993. Virologic surveillance has been very active in China, providing a unique opportunity to conduct a detailed study of the evolution of a single, endemic genotype over a timespan of nearly two decades. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the 450 nt coding sequence for the C-terminal 150 amino acids of the nucleoprotein (N-450), fusion (F) gene and haemagglutinin (H) gene confirmed the continued circulation of genotype H1 viruses for 19 years. No evidence of selective pressure for the H protein was found. The substitution rates ranged from 0.75×10−3 substitutions site−1 year−1 for H to 1.65×10−3 substitutions site−1 year−1 for N-450. The time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for genotype H1 was estimated as approximately 1985 (95 % highest probability density, 1979–1989). Finally, the overall diversity of measles sequences from China decreased from 2005 to 2012, coincident with a substantial decrease in measles cases. The results suggest that detailed evolutionary analyses should facilitate the documentation of eventual measles elimination in China. Moreover, the molecular approaches used in this study can be applied in other countries approaching measles elimination. PMID:24914068

Evolutionary genetics of genotype H1 measles viruses in China from 1993 to 2012.

PubMed

Xu, Songtao; Zhang, Yan; Rivailler, Pierre; Wang, Huiling; Ji, Yixin; Zhen, Zhu; Mao, Naiying; Li, Chongshan; Bellini, William J; Xu, Wenbo; Rota, Paul A

2014-09-01

Virologic surveillance is a critical component of measles management. One of the criteria for verification of elimination of endemic measles is genetic analysis of wild-type viruses to demonstrate lack of an indigenous genotype. Measles is yet to be eliminated in China, and genotype H1 has been detected continuously since virologic surveillance was initiated in 1993. Virologic surveillance has been very active in China, providing a unique opportunity to conduct a detailed study of the evolution of a single, endemic genotype over a timespan of nearly two decades. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the 450 nt coding sequence for the C-terminal 150 amino acids of the nucleoprotein (N-450), fusion (F) gene and haemagglutinin (H) gene confirmed the continued circulation of genotype H1 viruses for 19 years. No evidence of selective pressure for the H protein was found. The substitution rates ranged from 0.75×10(-3) substitutions site(-1) year(-1) for H to 1.65×10(-3) substitutions site(-1) year(-1) for N-450. The time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for genotype H1 was estimated as approximately 1985 (95 % highest probability density, 1979-1989). Finally, the overall diversity of measles sequences from China decreased from 2005 to 2012, coincident with a substantial decrease in measles cases. The results suggest that detailed evolutionary analyses should facilitate the documentation of eventual measles elimination in China. Moreover, the molecular approaches used in this study can be applied in other countries approaching measles elimination.

The 1979 X-ray outburst of Centaurus X-4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaluzienski, L. J.; Holt, S. S.; Swank, J. H.

1980-01-01

X-ray observations of the first major outburst of the classical transient X-ray source Centaurus X-4 since its discovery in 1969 are presented. The observations were obtained in May, 1979, with the all-sky monitor on board Ariel 5. The flare light curve is shown to exhibit many of the characteristics of other transients, including a double-peaked maximum, as well as significant, apparently random, variations and a lower peak flux and shorter duration than the 1969 event. Application of a standard epoch-folding technique to data corrected for linear decay trends indicates a possible source modulation at 0.3415 days (8.2 hours). Comparison of the results with previous other data on Cen X-4 and the characteristics of the soft X-ray transients allows a total X-ray output of approximately 3 x 10 to the 43rd ergs to be estimated, and reveals the duration and decay time of the 1979 Cen X-4 outburst to be the shortest yet observed from soft X-ray transients. The observations are explained in terms of episodic mass exchange from a late-type dwarf onto a neutron star companion in a relatively close binary system.

Southern pulpwood harvesting productivity and cost changes between 1979 and 1987.

Treesearch

Douglas R. Carter; Frederick W. Cubbage; Pamela J. Jakes

1994-01-01

The Southern U.S. pulpwood harvesting industry experienced substantial changes in productivity and logging costs from 1979 to 1987. This research measures physical and economic changes in southern timber harvesting and the degree of industry shifting between different levels of harvesting mechanization.

167. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

167. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS PIPING PLAN, SHEET 511-P8 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

266. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

266. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) PIPING PLAN FOR HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS, SHEET 501-P17 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

TEANGA: Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics, 1979-1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Baoill, Donall P., Ed.

1993-01-01

This document consists of a complete run of the thirteen issues of "TEANGA" published since its inception in 1979 through 1993. Typical article topics include: linguistic research approaches and methodology; interlanguage, language transfer, and interference; second language instruction; language testing; language variation; discussion…

166. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

166. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS FLOW DIAGRAM, SHEET 511-P6 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

265. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

265. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) FLOW DIAGRAM FOR HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS, SHEET 501-P16 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

1998 statistical summaries : Federal Transit Administration : grant assistance programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-03-01

The 1998 Statistical Summaries provides information about the Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) major financial aid programs for Federal Fiscal Year (FY) 1998. The report covers the following programs: Urbanized Area Formula, Non-urbanized Area ...

Ozone minimum concentrations, 1979-2013

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-10

This is a visualizations of ozone concentrations over the southern hemisphere. Minimum concentration of ozone in the southern hemisphere for each year from 1979-2013 (there is no data from 1995). Each image is the day of the year with the lowest concentration of ozone. A graph of the lowest ozone amount for each year is shown. Read more/download file: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011600/a011648/ NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Collegiate Aviation Review 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carney, Thomas Q., Ed.; Luedtke, Jacqueline R., Ed.; Johnson, Jeffrey A., Ed.

1998-01-01

This document contains four peer-reviewed papers about university-level aviation education that were presented at the 1998 Fall Education Conference of the University Aviation Association. "Setting the Foundation for Effective Learning: Utilizing the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Domains to Establish Rigorous Performance Learning…

64. June 1979. Copy of color enlargement from an original ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

64. June 1979. Copy of color enlargement from an original 35mm slide by William S. Anderson. Oblique aerial view of Borough House and immediately adjacent dependencies from the southeast. - Borough House, West Side State Route 261, about .1 mile south side of junction with old Garners Ferry Road, Stateburg, Sumter County, SC

Proceedings of the National Academy of Education, Volume 6, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Education, Washington, DC.

As the title suggests, this publication reviews and accents the activities which took place under the aegis of the National Academy of Education during 1979. The Annual Report of the President and reports of the Spring and Fall meetings, respectively, outline: events which occurred during the year; studies, books, reviews and research either…

Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments, Number 40, March - April 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-27

6. Semiconductor: Heterojunction 7. Semiconductor: Theory ......................... 3 8. Glass : Nd ..................................... 4...9. Glass : Miscellaneous...........................4 B. Liquid Lasers 1. Organic Dyes a. Rhodamine .................................. 5 b...1979, 603-604. 8. Glass : Nd 22. Gvatua, Sh.Sh., E.V. Katselashvili, V.A. Khanevichev, D.K. Khotelashvili, and V.S. Chagulov (39). Substructure of high

Genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans populations in China indicates multiple migration events.

PubMed

Guo, Liyun; Zhu, Xiao-Qiong; Hu, Chia-Hui; Ristaino, Jean Beagle

2010-10-01

One hundred isolates of Phytophthora infestans collected from 10 provinces in China between 1998 and 2004 were analyzed for mating type, metalaxyl resistance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype, allozyme genotype, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with the RG-57 probe. In addition, herbarium samples collected in China, Russia, Australia, and other Asian countries were also typed for mtDNA haplotype. The Ia haplotype was found during the first outbreaks of the disease in China (1938 and 1940), Japan (1901, 1930, and 1931), India (1913), Peninsular Malaysia (1950), Nepal (1954), The Philippines (1910), Australia (1917), Russia (1917), and Latvia (1935). In contrast, the Ib haplotype was found after 1950 in China on both potato and tomato (1952, 1954, 1956, and 1982) and in India (1968 and 1974). Another migration of a genotype found in Siberia called SIB-1 (Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [Gpi] 100/100, Peptidase [Pep] 100/100, IIa mtDNA haplotype) was identified using RFLP fingerprints among 72% of the isolates and was widely distributed in the north and south of China and has also been reported in Japan. A new genotype named CN-11 (Gpi 100/111, Pep 100/100, IIb mtDNA haplotype), found only in the south of China, and two additional genotypes (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100, Ia mtDNA haplotype) named CN-9 and CN-10 were identified. There were more diverse genotypes among isolates from Yunnan province than elsewhere. The SIB-1 (IIa) genotype is identical to those from Siberia, suggesting later migration of this genotype from either Russia or Japan into China. The widespread predominance of SIB-1 suggests that this genotype has enhanced fitness compared with other genotypes found. Movement of the pathogen into China via infected seed from several sources most likely accounts for the distribution of pathogen genotypes observed. MtDNA haplotype evidence and RFLP data suggest multiple migrations of the pathogen into China after the initial introduction of the

Longitudinal Study of Students Entering High School in 1979: The Relationship between First Term Performance and School Completion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Troob, Charles

A longitudinal analysis of students who entered New York City high schools in 1979 supports the perception that most future dropouts can be identified at the beginning of their high school careers. This study examined the records of more than a quarter of the 1979 entering class at New York City high schools. Analyses were performed on attendance,…

Pipeline Transportation Safety : Volume I, NTSB Reports, Studies, and Recommendations, 1970-1979

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-09-01

This document provides a compendium of all National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Pipeline Accident Reports (PAR) and Pipeline. Special Studies (PSS) published from 1970 through 1979. Abstracts, accident causes, and NTSB recommendations are incl...

Controlling cost escalation of healthcare: making universal health coverage sustainable in China

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

An increasingly number of low- and middle-income countries have developed and implemented a national policy towards universal coverage of healthcare for their citizens over the past decade. Among them is China which has expanded its population coverage by health insurance from around 29.7% in 2003 to over 90% at the end of 2010. While both central and local governments in China have significantly increased financial inputs into the two newly established health insurance schemes: new cooperative medical scheme (NCMS) for the rural population, and urban resident basic health insurance (URBMI), the cost of healthcare in China has also been rising rapidly at the annual rate of 17.0%% over the period of the past two decades years. The total health expenditure increased from 74.7 billion Chinese yuan in 1990 to 1998 billion Chinese yuan in 2010, while average health expenditure per capital reached the level of 1490.1 Chinese yuan per person in 2010, rising from 65.4 Chinese yuan per person in 1990. The repaid increased population coverage by government supported health insurance schemes has stimulated a rising use of healthcare, and thus given rise to more pressure on cost control in China. There are many effective measures of supply-side and demand-side cost control in healthcare available. Over the past three decades China had introduced many measures to control demand for health care, via a series of co-payment mechanisms. The paper introduces and discusses new initiatives and measures employed to control cost escalation of healthcare in China, including alternative provider payment methods, reforming drug procurement systems, and strengthening the application of standard clinical paths in treating patients at hospitals, and analyses the impacts of these initiatives and measures. The paper finally proposes ways forward to make universal health coverage in China more sustainable. PMID:22992484

Volcanic gases in the april 1979 soufriere eruption.

PubMed

Cronn, D R; Nutmagul, W

1982-06-04

Six gas samples from the 17 April 1979 Soufriere eruption plume were analyzed for carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorocarbon-11, fluorocarbon-12, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. Only carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide were found to have increased mixing ratios as compared with those in clean tropospheric air, but the increases were not sufficient to contribute greatly to the global budgets of these four components.

Archaeological Investigations at Lakeview Lake: 1979 and 1980.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

hnology Human ecology Soil chemical analysis * Terrace geology Archaeological Investigations at Lakeview Lake: * 1979 and 1980 Archaeological Monographs...Borrow Areas 47 5 Prehistoric Lithic Technology in the Lakeview Project 53 6 Chemical Analysis of Anthropic Soils 69 7 Prehistoric Human Ecology and...to Historical Site Analysis Bonnie C. Yates 287 Bibliography 293 ,’.: ’ : - . " : ’ "’" ".- - : ’ "" "’" ’ .’: : .- :,-"- * .:- i’ "c "-"’ b

Geographical distribution and risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in golden threads (Nemipterus virgatus) from the northern South China Sea.

PubMed

Hao, Qing; Sun, Yu-Xin; Xu, Xiang-Rong; Yao, Zi-Wei; Wang, You-Shao; Zhang, Zai-Wang; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Mai, Bi-Xian

2015-10-01

Fish are often used as good bioindicators to monitor the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on different scales in recent years. Forty-five golden threads (Nemipterus virgatus) were collected from six sampling sites in the northern South China Sea (SCS) to investigate the geographical distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs). Concentrations of PBDEs, PCBs, and DDTs ranged from 1.3-36.0, 2.3-76.5, 8.3-228 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. The highest PBDEs and DDTs concentrations were found in golden threads from Shantou, owing to the intensive electronic waste recycling activities and rapid development of agriculture. Samples from Haikou had the highest levels of PCBs, probably due to the existence of many shipbuilding yards in the past years. The concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs were found in a decreasing trend from east to west and from north to south, while DDTs concentrations had no obvious trend in the distribution. PCBs were the most prevalent contaminants in Xiamen and Yangjiang, while DDTs were the dominant compounds at the other four sampling sites. Different profiles of POPs at each sampling site may attribute to different pollution sources in the northern SCS. Ratios of (DDD + DDE)/DDTs in golden threads suggested the probability of fresh input of DDT in the northern SCS. The estimated daily intakes of PBDEs, PCBs and DDTs were 0.030-0.069, 0.167-0.258 and 0.105-1.88 ng/kg/day, respectively, which were significantly lower than the acceptable daily intake, suggesting that consumption of golden threads from the northern SCS would not subject the residents in the coastal areas of SCS to significant health risk.

Interacting with the Reader: Politeness Strategies in Engineering Research Article Discussions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salom, Luz Gil; Monreal, Carmen Soler

2009-01-01

The writer's strategy to combine the exposition of factual information with personal judgement and interaction with the reader has been analysed in a number of studies (Hunston, 1994; Hyland, 1998a, 1998b; Latour and Woolgar, 1979; Skelton, 1997). Myers' studies (1989, 1992) on the pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles analyse politeness…

Hypertension-associated hospitalizations and costs in the United States, 1979-2006.

PubMed

Wang, Guijing; Fang, Jing; Ayala, Carma

2014-04-01

In the USA, the prevalence of hypertension has been high and increasing in recent decades. Even so, little is known about the changes over time in hospitalizations and the economic burden associated with this epidemic. We examined hypertension-associated hospitalizations and costs from 1979 to 2006. Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the costs of community hospitals in the USA, we analyzed the changes in hypertension-associated hospitalizations and costs over time. We included those hospitalizations with a primary or secondary diagnosis of hypertension among patients aged 25 years and above. We examined changes in costs by adjusting them into year 2008 dollars. The costs included hospital expenses of payroll, employee benefits, professional fees and supplies. From 1979-1982 to 2003-2006, the proportion of hospitalizations that were associated with hypertension (primary or secondary diagnosis) increased from 1.9% to 5.4%. Among all hypertension-associated hospitalizations, the proportion with a secondary diagnosis of hypertension increased from 81.8% to 95.1%. In 2008 dollars, annual costs for hypertension-related hospitalizations increased from US$40 billion (5.1% of total hospital costs) during 1979-1982 to US$113 billion (15.1% of total hospital costs) during 2003-2006. Both the proportions of hospitalizations that were associated with hypertension and the adjusted annual costs of such hospitalizations nearly tripled over the past 28 years. The increases were in substantial measure due to the greatly increasing proportion of hospitalizations in which hypertension was listed as a secondary diagnosis. Interventions for the management of hypertension as a secondary diagnosis might be potentially cost-effective.

Electronic and Solid State Sciences Program Summary, FY 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

studies of the interaction of the electromagnetic field with heat conducting and electrically non-conducting and conducting polarizable and mag- netizable...Physical Review Letters, 42, 401-404 (1979). 9. "The low temperature electronic specific heat of disordered one dimensional chains", by P. S...technique exploits parallel photoheating and dc electrical- heating experiments. The CO laser hot electron studies have provided information on the

Geostationary satellite observations of the april 1979 soufriere eruptions.

PubMed

Krueger, A F

1982-06-04

Infrared images from the geostationary satellite SMS-1 were used to study the growth of the eight major eruptions of Soufriere, St. Vincent, during April 1979. These eruptions differed considerably in growth and intensity, the most intense being that of 17 April which formed an ash cloud of 96,000 square kilometers in 4 hours. The weakest eruption formed a cloud of only 16,000 square kilometers.

The Impact of Child Support Enforcement on Nonmarital and Marital Births: Does It Differ by Racial and Age Groups? JCPR Working Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, Chien-Chung

Using data from the 1979-98 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this paper investigated the effect of child support enforcement on marital and nonmarital births, noting differences by age and race. The study examined 4,715 women who were followed from 1979 to their first birth or to 1998. Data also came from various years of the…

277. Photocopy of drawing (1979 structural drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

277. Photocopy of drawing (1979 structural drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) PLANS AND SECTIONS FOR THE TIROS AND NOAA THEODOLITE STATION, SHEET 511-S-62 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Automotive Maintenance Data Base for Model Years 1976-1979. Part I

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-12-01

An update of the existing data base was developed to include life cycle maintenance costs of representative vehicles for the model years 1976-1979. Repair costs as a function of time are also developed for a passenger car in each of the compact, subc...

Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Science, collected reprints 1978-1979, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skillman, W. C. (Editor); Kreins, E. R. (Editor)

1981-01-01

A ready reference is presented to 61 papers by members of the Laboratory published between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 1979. To avoid unnecessary duplication, only abstracts or introductions of NASA reports and conference proceedings are included with reprints of articles from various journals.

Statewide Articulated Assessment System. 1997-1998 Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Mexico State Dept. of Education, Santa Fe. Assessment and Evaluation Unit.

This summary report provides information about three of New Mexico's statewide assessments in 1997-1998. In spring 1998, the CTBS5/Terra Nova Survey Plus achievement test was administered to approximately 65,000 students in grades 4, 6, and 8 as part of the New Mexico Achievement Assessment Program. With three exceptions, the median national…

Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1998.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva

2002-01-01

Discusses 1998 production and receipts and recent production for other years in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents 1998 production and receipt data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri by species...

The Within-Job Motherhood Wage Penalty in Norway, 1979-1996

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petersen, Trond; Penner, Andrew M.; Hogsnes, Geir

2010-01-01

The motherhood wage penalty is a substantial obstacle to progress in gender equality at work. Using matched employer-employee data from Norway (1979-1996, N = 236,857 individuals, N = 1,027,462 individual-years), a country with public policies that promote combining family and career, we investigate (a) whether the penalty arises from differential…

Final Report of the Project "T & N Bucks." 1979-80.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Old Bridge Township Board of Education, NJ.

During the 1979-80 school year, the Old Bridge Township School District promoted and implemented a career education program. Its chief aim was to expand career education from the middle school into the elementary and special education divisions. The project was used as a vehicle to enhance career education, expand and involve elementary teachers,…

Measurements of an Anomalous Global Methane Increase During 1998

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dlugokencky, E. J.; Walter, B. P.; Masarie, K. A.; Lang, P. M.; Kasischke, E. S.; Hansen, James E. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Measurements of atmospheric methane from a globally distributed network of air sampling sites indicate that the globally averaged CH4 growth rate increased from an average of 3.9 ppb/yr during 1995-1997 to 12.7 +/- 0.6 ppb in 1998. The global growth rate then decreased to 2.6 +/- 0.6 ppb during 1999, indicating that the large increase in 1998 was an anomaly and not a return to the larger growth rates observed during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The increased growth rate represents an anomalous increase in the imbalance between CH4 sources and sinks equal to approximately 24 Tg CH4 during 1998. Wetlands and boreal biomass burning are sources that may have contributed to the anomaly. During 1998, the globally averaged temperature anomaly was +0.67 C, the largest temperature anomaly in the modern record. A regression model based on temperature and precipitation anomalies was used to calculate emission anomalies of 11.6 Tg CH4 from wetlands north of 30 N and 13 Tg CH4 for tropical wetlands during 1998 compared to average emissions calculated for 1982-1993. In 1999, calculated wetland emission anomalies were negative for high northern latitudes and the tropics, contributing to the low growth rate observed in 1999. Also 1998 was a severe fire year in boreal regions where approximately 1.3x10(exp 5) sq km of forest and peat land burned releasing an estimated 5.7 Tg CH4

Tuberculosis prevalence in an urban jail: 1994 and 1998.

PubMed

White, M C; Tulsky, J P; Portillo, C J; Menendez, E; Cruz, E; Goldenson, J

2001-05-01

Despite a continuing decline in tuberculosis (TB) in the US, jails remain a high-risk setting for the identification of active and latent TB infection (LTBI). The purpose of this study was to document the change in TB prevalence in the San Francisco City and County Jail. Two period prevalence analyses were done, for 1994 and 1998. The sample included all persons booked into jail during the two years. The rates of inmates screened and the prevalence of active TB and LTBI by sex and ethnicity were compared using computerized records. Prevalence of active TB was 72.1 per 100000 jail population for 1998, and did not change significantly from 1994. In 1998 one third of active TB cases were found through jail screening. Latinos represented respectively 20.1% and 17.7% of those booked in 1994 and 1998, but 43.0% and 41.7% of inmates with LTBI. In 1998, being Latino (odds ratio 2.9) and male (odds ratio 1.6) were most strongly associated with LTBI. Screening for TB among jail inmates is an increasingly valuable clinical and epidemiological tool for case-finding and for identifying persons who would benefit from preventive therapy.

NDVI indicated characteristics of vegetation cover change in China's metropolises over the last three decades.

PubMed

Sun, Jinyu; Wang, Xuhui; Chen, Anping; Ma, Yuecun; Cui, Mengdi; Piao, Shilong

2011-08-01

How urban vegetation was influenced by three decades of intensive urbanization in China is of great interest but rarely studied. In this paper, we used satellite derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and socioeconomic data to evaluate effects of urbanization on vegetation cover in China's 117 metropolises over the last three decades. Our results suggest that current urbanization has caused deterioration of urban vegetation across most cities in China, particularly in East China. At the national scale, average urban area NDVI (NDVI(u)) significantly decreased during the last three decades (P < 0.01), and two distinct periods with different trends can be identified, 1982-1990 and 1990-2006. NDVI(u) did not show statistically significant trend before 1990 but decrease remarkably after 1990 (P < 0.01). Different regions also showed difference in the timing of NDVI(u) turning point. The year when NDVI(u) started to decline significantly for Central China and East China was 1987 and 1990, respectively, while NDVI(u) in West China remained relatively constant until 1998. NDVI(u) changes in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, two regions which has been undergoing the most rapid urbanization in China, also show different characteristics. The Pearl River Delta experienced a rapid decline in NDVI(u) from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s; while in the Yangtze River Delta, NDVI(u) did not decline significantly until the early 1990s. Such different patterns of NDVI(u) changes are closely linked with policy-oriented difference in urbanization dynamics of these regions, which highlights the importance of implementing a sustainable urban development policy.

The Current Status of Usability Studies of Information Technologies in China: A Systematic Study

PubMed Central

Lei, Jianbo; Xu, Lufei; Meng, Qun; Zhang, Jiajie; Gong, Yang

2014-01-01

Objectives. To systematically review and analyze the current status and characteristics of usability studies in China in the field of information technology in general and in the field of healthcare in particular. Methods. We performed a quantitative literature analysis in three major Chinese academic databases and one English language database using Chinese search terms equivalent to the concept of usability. Results. Six hundred forty-seven publications were selected for analysis. We found that in China the literature on usability in the field of information technology began in 1994 and increased thereafter. The usability definitions from ISO 9241-11:1998 and Nielsen (1993) have been widely recognized and cited. Authors who have published several publications are rare. Fourteen journals have a publishing rate over 1%. Only nine publications about HIT were identified. Discussions. China's usability research started relatively late. There is a lack of organized research teams and dedicated usability journals. High-impact theoretical studies are scarce. On the application side, no original and systematic research frameworks have been developed. The understanding and definition of usability is not well synchronized with international norms. Besides, usability research in HIT is rare. Conclusions. More human and material resources need to be invested in China's usability research, particularly in HIT. PMID:25050362

The current status of usability studies of information technologies in China: a systematic study.

PubMed

Lei, Jianbo; Xu, Lufei; Meng, Qun; Zhang, Jiajie; Gong, Yang

2014-01-01

To systematically review and analyze the current status and characteristics of usability studies in China in the field of information technology in general and in the field of healthcare in particular. We performed a quantitative literature analysis in three major Chinese academic databases and one English language database using Chinese search terms equivalent to the concept of usability. Six hundred forty-seven publications were selected for analysis. We found that in China the literature on usability in the field of information technology began in 1994 and increased thereafter. The usability definitions from ISO 9241-11:1998 and Nielsen (1993) have been widely recognized and cited. Authors who have published several publications are rare. Fourteen journals have a publishing rate over 1%. Only nine publications about HIT were identified. China's usability research started relatively late. There is a lack of organized research teams and dedicated usability journals. High-impact theoretical studies are scarce. On the application side, no original and systematic research frameworks have been developed. The understanding and definition of usability is not well synchronized with international norms. Besides, usability research in HIT is rare. More human and material resources need to be invested in China's usability research, particularly in HIT.

Child Support Report, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharman, Phil, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document is comprised of the 12 monthly issues of the 1998 "Child Support Report," which explores problems related to child support enforcement, reports on federal and state government child support enforcement initiatives, and summarizes research related to child support. Editorials and information on events and conferences of…

Florida Educational Facilities, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Office of Educational Facilities.

This document contains information, photographs, and floor plans of many of Florida's new elementary through high school facilities occupied in 1998. Each entry lists the facility's type, building size, student capacity, and general structural information. Also provided is information on the facility's total construction cost; the architects and…

Social Policy Report, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Nancy G., Ed.

1998-01-01

These four quarterly reports for 1998 provide a forum for scholarly reviews and discussions of developmental research and its implications for the policies affecting children. The first issue focuses on fathering. The main article addresses perspectives of fathers' involvement in children's lives in developing countries, specifically, issues of a…

TRIP : The Transportation Remuneration and Incentive Program in West Virginia, 1974-1979

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-07-01

Between July 1974 and June 1979, the State of West Virginia was host to the largest Federal demonstration program for improving rural transit service called Transportation Remuneration Incentive Program (TRIP). The remuneration part of TRIP (ticket s...

Results of the 1979 NACUBO Comparative Performance Study and Investment Questionnaire.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dresner, Bruce M.

Results of the 1979 Comparative Performance Study of the National Association of College and Business Officers are presented. The study is designed to aid administrators in evaluating the performance of their investment pools. The report covers comparative performance information and related investment performance statistics and other endowment…

Selected Bibliography of Egyptian Educational Materials. Vol. 5, No. 1, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Ahram Center for Scientific Translations, Cairo (Egypt).

This annotated bibliography contains 166 English language annotations of newspaper, journal, and government publications from Egypt on the topic of education. All items were published in 1979. The items are categorized by subject areas including: adult education, art education; basic education; child care, education and psychology; demographic…

Selected Bibliography of Egyptian Educational Materials. Vol. 5, No. 4, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Ahram Center for Scientific Translations, Cairo (Egypt).

This annotated listing cites books, monographs, government publications, and journal articles dealing with education in Egypt. Items cited were published in 1979. The listing is organized by subject area. Subjects include adult education in mosques; anxiety among sportsmen; arabic languages; art education; Azhari institutes; basic education; child…

Continuing Education Activities of the University of British Columbia, 1978-1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Center for Continuing Education.

Continuing education opportunities offered by the University of British Columbia (UBC) are summarized in this third comprehensive annual report for the year September 1978 to August 1979. The university administers a decentralized program encompassing several university offices, community resource centers, and individual faculty members. Evening,…

Report, 1979-1980: Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Assembly of Life Sciences.

This annual report of the Assembly of Life Sciences (ALS) covers the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1979, and ending June 30, 1980. The report has four major sections: (1) Special Programs of the Executive Office; (2) Division of Biological Sciences; (3) Division of Medical Sciences; and (4) Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards.…

1978-1979 Report: Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

This annual report of the Assembly of Life Sciences (ALS) covers the fiscal year from July 1, 1978 to June 30, 1979. The report has four major sections: (1) Special Programs of the Executive Office; (2) Division of Biological Sciences; (3) Division of Medical Sciences; and (4) Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards. The activities…

Publications of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

This bibliography includes 1004 technical reports, released during calendar year 1979, that resulted from scientific and engineering work performed, or managed, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Three classes of publications are included: (1) JPL Publications; (2) articles published in the open literature; and (3) articles from the bimonthly Deep Space Network Progress Report. The publications are indexed by: (1) author, (2) subject, and (3) publication type and number. A descriptive entry appears under the name of each author of each publication; an abstract is included with the entry for the primary (first listed) author. Unless designated otherwise, all publications listed are unclassified.

Development of mechanical circulatory support devices in China.

PubMed

Wang, Wei; Zhu, De-Ming; Ding, Wen-Xiang

2009-11-01

Myocardial dysfunction leading to low cardiac output syndrome is a common clinical pathophysiological state. Currently, the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is an essential aspect of the treatment of patients with cardiac failure. Several groups in China are engaged in the design and development of MCS devices. These devices can be classified as pulsatile, rotary, and total artificial heart (TAH). There are two types of pulsatile pump, which are driven by air (pneumatic). One of these pumps, the Luo-Ye pump, has been used clinically for short-term support since 1998. The other is a push-plate left ventricular device, which has a variable rate mode. Various rotary devices are classified into axial and centrifugal pumps, depending on the impeller geometry. Most rotary pumps are based on the maglev principle, and some types have been used clinically. Others are still being studied in the laboratory or in animal experiments. Furthermore, certain types of total implantable pump, such as the UJS-III axial pump and the UJS-IV aortic valvo-pump, have been developed. Only one type of TAH has been developed in China. The main constituents of this artificial heart are two axial pumps, two reservoir tanks mimicking the right and left atria, flow meters, two pressure gauges, and a resistance adaptor. Although the development of mechanical assist devices in China is still in a nascent stage, a number of different types of MCS devices are currently being studied.

The 1979 Ames Research Center Publications: A continuing bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

This bibliography lists formal NASA publications, journal articles, books, chapters of books, patents, and contractor reports issued by Ames Research Center which were indexed by Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports, Limited Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports, and International Aerospace Abstracts in 1979. Citations are arranged by directorate, type of publication, and NASA accession numbers. Subject, Personal Author, Corporate Source, Contract Number, and Report/Accession Number Indexes are provided.

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 4, Number 4, May/June 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

Chancroid (b) Granuloma Inguinale (c) Lymphogranuloma Venereum (d) Syphilis unspec. (e) Syph, tertiary (f) Syph, congenital MSMRVol. 04 / No. 04 7...transmitted diseases, US Army medical treatment facilities* May, 1998 Reporting Chlamydia Urethritis non-spec. Gonorrhea Herpes Simplex Syphilis Prim/Sec... Syphilis Latent Other STDs** MTF/Post** Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Cur. Cum. Month 1998 Month 1998 Month 1998

CACD Journal, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wickwire, Pat Nellor, Ed.

1999-01-01

This publication of the California Association for Counseling and Development for 1998-1999 supports the organizational goals of leadership, inquiry, discovery, excellence, and innovation. It attempts to identify the current issues of concern in the counseling field and to share research to help improve the professional learning community. As a…

Understanding Our Gifted, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Laura, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the four quarterly issues of the journal "Understanding Our gifted" published during 1998. Each issue of the journal generally has a single theme in the education of gifted and talented children around which all the articles are focused. The themes of these four issues are, respectively, "Educational…

National Transportation Atlas Databases : 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The North American Transportation Atlas Data - 1998 (NORTAD) is a set of : geographic data sets for transportation facilities in Canada, Mexico, and the United : States. These data sets include geospatial information for transportation modal networks...

Publicly available documents Three Mile Island Unit 2, Docket 50-320. Title list, July 1-October 31, 1979

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-01-01

This supplemental title list of publicly available documents pertaining to Three Mile Island Unit 2, Docket 50-320, includes those preincident and postincident documents filed in the NRC Public Document Room between July 1, 1979 and October 31, 1979. It is divided into preincident and postincident listings, with both listings sub-divided into the categories used for filing and searching in the NRC Public Document Room.

Bi-Regional Educational Improvement Forum (Atlanta, Georgia, November 19-20, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Appalachia Educational Lab., Charleston, WV.

The Bi-Regional Educational Improvement Forum in Atlanta, Georgia (November 1979) considered three areas of school improvement, including State Department of Education (SEA) delivery systems and the use of technology to improve schooling. The three forum articles concerned with delivery systems treat the transformation of policies emanating from…

Illinois School Code, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Association of School Boards, Springfield.

This text consists of numerous statutes selected by the Illinois Association of School Boards' staff for their relevance to public school governance and administration. The publication covers legislation enacted as of January 1, 1998, and includes a myriad of education-related topics. The bulk of the text focuses on schools themselves, featuring…

Centennial State Libraries, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parent, Kathleen D., Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of 12 consecutive issues of the monthly "Centennial State Libraries" newsletter, of the Colorado Department of Education, State Library and Adult Education Office. The issues cover the year 1998. Each issue of the newsletter--except the August issue which is an Annual Report--includes some or all of the following…

NACUBO Endowment Study, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cambridge Associates, Inc., Boston, MA.

This report presents the results of a 1998 study of endowment assets of 509 higher education institutions, and is intended to allow administrators and trustees to evaluate the performance of their endowments and to acquaint them with the investment policies and practices of other higher education institutions. A brief abstract notes some…

Endemic arsenosis caused by indoor combustion of high-As coal in Guizhou Province, P.R. China

USGS Publications Warehouse

Baoshan, Z.; Binbin, W.; Zhenhua, D.; Daixing, Z.; Yunshu, Z.; Chen, Z.; Chaochang, C.; Finkelman, R.B.

2005-01-01

The arsenic (As) content of coal relating with mineralization of gold in Southwest Guizhou Province, China is up to 35,000 ppm. The coal is burned indoors in open pits for daily cooking and crop drying. As a result, arsenic is precipitated and concentrated in corn (5-20 ppm), chili (100-800 ppm) and other foods. Arsenic concentrations in the drinking water of high-As coal areas are lower than 50 ppb. The estimated main sources of As exposure in this area are from polluted food. Approximately, 3000 arsenosis patients were found by 1998, and more than 100,000 people from six counties were under the threat in China. This paper presents the major ingestion pathway of this type arsenosis and relative geochemistry of high-As coal. ?? Springer 2005.

1998 Kentucky traffic accident facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

KENTUCKYS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1998 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed : in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised statutes 189.635, : ...

An examination of the comfort and convenience of 1979 safety belt systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-01-01

The study examines the comfort and convenience aspects of safety belt systems in 1979 model cars and the user and system characteristics which affect safety belt comfort and convenience. The test design required that each of 114 test participants sit...

Water-quality data from a landfill-leachate treatment and disposal site, Pinellas County, Florida, January 1979-August 1980

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barr, G.L.; Fernandez, Mario

1981-01-01

Water-quality data collected between January 1979 and August 1980 at the landfill leachate treatment site in Pinellas County, Fla., are presented. Data include field and laboratory measurements of physical properties, major chemical constituents , nitrogen and phosphorus species, chemical oxygen demand, trace metals, coliform bacteria, taxonomy of macroinvertebrates and phytoplankton, and chlorophyll analyses. Data were collected as part of a study to determine water-quality changes resulting from aeration and ponding of leachate pumped from landfill burial trenches and for use in determining the rate of movement and quality changes as the leachate migrates through the surficial aquifer. Samples were collected from 81 surficial-aquifer water-quality monitoring wells constructed in January 1975, February 1979, and March 1979, and 8 surface-water quality monitoring sites established in January 1975, February 1978, and November 1978. (USGS)

Summary of Research Activities, Academic Departments, 1979-1980.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

AD-AO99 373 NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAP’OLIS RD / , SUMM4ARY OF RE ARCH ACTIVITIES . ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS. 1 .q79-jRO..ET-rf , ,OCT 60 W L NEFLITN UNCLASSIF...IED USNA-AR-6 NL llnnnm mmnlm 1 mum li lllMENl l llsllol I I I I SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 1979 - 1980 I COMPILED AND EDITED BY PROFESSOR WILSON L...policy of the Naval Academy to provide and maintain an environment in which research activities that contribute to the professional growth of the

Excitation of the Earth's Chandler wobble by southern oscillation/El Nino, 1900-1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chao, B. F.

1985-01-01

The southern oscillation/El Nino (ENSO) is the single most prominent interannual signal in global atmospheric/oceanic fluctuations. The following question is addressed: how important is the angular momentum carried by ENSO in exciting the Earth's Chandler wobble? The question is attacked through a statistical analysis of the coherence spectra (correlation as a function of frequency) between two data sets spanning 1900 to 1979-the southern oscillation index (SOI) time series and the excitation function psi (with x-component psi sub x and y-component psi sub y) of the Chandler wobble derived from the homogeneous ILS (International Latitude Service) polar motion data. The coherence power and phase in the Chandler frequency band (approx. 0.79 to 0.89 cpy) are studied. It is found that, during 1900 to 1979 the coherence between SOI and psi sub x is significant well over the 95% confidence threshold whereas that between SOI and psi sub y is practically nil. Quantitatively, the coherence study shows that ENSO provides some 20% of the observed Chandler wobble excitation power. Since earlier investigations have shown that the total atmospheric/oceanic variation can account for the Chandler wobble excitation at about 20% level, the implication is that ENSO maybe an important (interannual) part of the atmospheric/oceanic variation that is responsible for the Chandler wobble excitation during 1900 to 1979.

Why Privatizing Government Services Would Hurt Women Workers. Research-in-Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernhardt, Annette; Dresser, Laura; Hill, Catherine

A study used data from the 1998 Current Population Survey to document job growth in the public and private sectors and examine the quality of jobs in terms of wages and benefits. Findings indicated public sector employment declined for both women and men during the period from 1979-98 with a somewhat sharper decline among men. In 1998, median…

Changes in the deep-water benthos of eastern Lake Erie between 1979 and 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dermott, R.; Kerec, D.

1995-06-01

In order to examine changes of the benthic community and benthic biomass as a result of mussel colonization, a survey of the deep-water benthic fauna in eastern Lake Erie was repeated in 1993 using the same sites and methods as in a 1979 survey. During 1979, the community beyond 30 m was dominated by oligochaete worms and the burrowing amphipod Diporeia, which represented 50 and 40% of the total benthic biomass respectively. By 1993, quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) formed over 90% of the benthic biomass. Mussels were present at all 13 sites. Densities of individuals >2 mm in length averagedmore » 3,241 mussels m{sup -2}. Of these mussels, 97% were quagga mussels. Total density of all sizes retained on a 180 {mu}m sieve averaged 34,800 mussels m{sup -2} but total biomass decreased from 1.58 to 0.98 g m{sup -2}. The density of the amphipod Diporeia was reduced from 1,844 in 1979 to 218 m{sup -2} in 1993. While present at all sites during 1979, Diporeia remained common only at two sites and were absent at 8 of the 13 sites in 1993. The native fingernail clams, Pisidium spp., were reduced from 327 to 82 m{sup -2}. No significant reduction occurred in the worm and chironomid populations, however the dry biomass of the chironomids was reduced from 0.07 to 0.0008 g m{sup -2}. These reductions may be due to competition with the mussels for freshly settling algae. The meiofauna, which included small nematodes, ostracods, and harpacticoids retained on a 180 {mu}m sieve, all increased in density. Perhaps they benefited from an increase in the detritus deposited as pseudofeces around the mussels.« less

Road accident facts Ireland, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

This report covers all road or traffic accidents reported to the Garda Siochana involving fatalities, personal injury or material damage which occurred on public roads in ireland (exclusive of Northern Ireland) in 1998. Accidents on private property,...

Northeastern pulpwood, 1979 - an annual assessment of regional timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; James T. Bones

1981-01-01

This annual assessment of regional timber output is based on a canvass of the pulpmills in the Northeast that use roundwood or wood residue as a basic raw material for paper, insulation, and hardboard products. Contained in the report are a discussion and tabular data on roundwood and chips from plant residues produced and received in the 14 Northeastern states in 1979...

Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress: 1979 Mathematics Results, 4th Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brennan, Mervin M.; And Others

Presented is an overview of the 1979 Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress (IIEP) for fourth-grade mathematics. The IIEP is a systematic effort by the Illinois State Board of Education to collect information on the educational achievement of Illinois students in certain areas and to make that information available to education…

Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress: 1979 Mathematics Results, 11th Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brennan, Mervin M.; And Others

Presented is an overview of the 1979 Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress (IIEP) for eleventh-grade mathematics. The IIEP is a systematic effort by the Illinois State Board of Education to collect information on the educational achievement of Illinois students in certain areas and to make that information available to educational…

Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress: 1979 Mathematics Results, 8th Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brennan, Mervin M.; And Others

Presented is an overview of the 1979 Illinois Inventory of Educational Progress (IIEP) for eighth-grade mathematics. The IIEP is a systematic effort by the Illinois State Board of Education to collect information on the educational achievement of Illinois students in certain areas and to make that information available to educational…

International Seminar on Childhood, Culture and Community (June 17-27, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mount Carmel International Training Centre for Community Services, Haifa (Israel).

This report provides abridged versions of participants' statements, panel discussions, and lectures given at the International Seminar on Childhood, Culture and Community held at Haifa, Israel, from June 17 to June 27, 1979. The interrelationship between childhood, culture, and community was the topic of the introductory lecture. Basic needs that…

Nursing Manpower Licensed in Kentucky, 1979-1981. Kentucky Nursing Education Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kentucky State Council on Higher Education, Frankfort.

Data on nurses licensed in Kentucky for 1979-1981 are presented, as part of the Kentucky Nursing Education Project. Information is provided on: licensure status, home state/district/county, employment status, employment state/district/county, field of employment in nursing, position, highest educational level attained, age, sex, marital status,…

Fisheries impacts on China's coastal ecosystems: Unmasking a pervasive 'fishing down' effect.

PubMed

Liang, Cui; Pauly, Daniel

2017-01-01

Intensive fishing can strongly impact marine ecosystems; among other things, it usually causes the mean trophic level of the catches to decline, an indicator of the occurrence of the 'fishing down' (FD) phenomenon. Although FD occurs throughout the world oceans, it can easily be masked by diverse factors, which has misled authors as to its generality. In this contribution, which uses the East China Sea as an example, we explore the masking effect on FD of the taxonomic coarseness of catch data, of assuming that individual sizes remain constant after intensive fishing, and the geographic expansion of fisheries. The result showed that all of these masking factors occur in the East China Sea, where only a few species are reported separately and the bulk of the catch is pooled into non-informative 'mixed fishes'. Also, the small mesh sizes and intensive fishing have reduced the sizes of fish and their trophic levels, while the fisheries have expanded offshore. Overall, taking the masking factors into account, the fishing down effect, i.e., the decline of the mean trophic level of the catch between 1979 and 2014 is in the order of 0.15 TL per decade, i.e., one of the highest estimates of FD in the world. Some ecological implications are presented.

Forest Ecosystem Services and Eco-Compensation Mechanisms in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Hongbing; Zheng, Peng; Liu, Tianxing; Liu, Xin

2011-12-01

Forests are a major terrestrial ecosystem providing multiple ecosystem services. However, the importance of forests is frequently underestimated from an economic perspective because of the externalities and public good properties of these services. Forest eco-compensation is a transfer mechanism that serves to internalize the externalities of forest ecosystem services by compensating individuals or companies for the losses or costs resulting from the provision of these services. China's current forest eco-compensation system is centered mainly on noncommercial forest. The primary measures associated with ecosystem services are (1) a charge on destructive activities, such as indiscriminate logging, and (2) compensation for individual or local activities and investments in forest conservation. The Compensation Fund System for Forest Ecological Benefits was first listed in the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China in 1998. In 2004, the Central Government Financial Compensation Fund, an important source for the Compensation Fund for Forest Ecological Benefits, was formally established. To improve the forest eco-compensation system, it is crucial to design and establish compensation criteria for noncommercial forests. These criteria should take both theoretical and practical concerns into account, and they should be based on the quantitative valuation of ecosystem services. Although some initial headway has been made on this task, the implementation of an effective forest eco-compensation system in China still has deficiencies and still faces problems. Implementing classification-based and dynamic management for key noncommercial forests and establishing an eco-compensation mechanism with multiple funding sources in the market economy are the key measures needed to conquer these problems and improve the forest eco-compensation system and China's forestry development in sequence.

The Massachusetts Bay internal wave experiment, August 1998: data report

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butman, Bradford; Alexander, P. Soupy; Anderson, Steven P.; Lightsom, Frances L.; Scotti, Alberto; Beardsley, Robert C.

2006-01-01

This data report presents oceanographic observations made in Massachusetts Bay (fig. 1) in August 1998 as part of the Massachusetts Bay Internal Wave Experiment (MBIWE98). MBIWE98 was carried out to characterize large-amplitude internal waves in Massachusetts Bay and to investigate the possible resuspension and transport of bottom sediments caused by these waves. This data report presents a description of the field program and instrumentation, an overview of the data through summary plots and statistics, and the time-series data in NetCDF format. The objective of this report is to make the data available in digital form and to provide summary plots and statistics to facilitate browsing of the data set. The existence of large-amplitude internal waves in Massachusetts Bay was first described by Halpern (1971). In summer when the water is stratified, packets of waves propagate westward into the bay on the flood (westward flowing) tide at about 0.5 m/s. The internal waves are observed in packets of 5-10 waves, have periods of 5-10 minutes and wavelengths of 200-400 m, and cause downward excursions of the thermocline of as much as 30 m. The waves are generated by interaction of the barotropic tide with Stellwagen Bank (Haury and others (1979). Several papers present analyses and interpretations of the data collected during the MBIWE98. Grosenbaugh and others (2002) report on the results of the horizontal array, Scotti and others (2005) describe a strategy for processing observations made by Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) in the presence of short-wavelength internal waves, Butman and others (in press) describe the effect of these waves on sediment transport, and Scotti and others (in press) describe the energetics of the internal waves.

Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, 1979

USGS Publications Warehouse

Liscum, Fred; Weigel, Jay F.; Bruchmiller, J.P.

1982-01-01

Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in Austin, Houston, and San Antonio.The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Houston, began studies in the Houston metropolitan area in 1964. The program was expanded in 1968 to include collection of water-quality data. The objectives of the Houston urban-hydrology study are as follows:To determine, on the basis of historical data and hydro!ogic analyses, the magnitude and frequency of flood peaks and flood volumes.To determine the effect of urban development on flood peaks and volumes.To ascertain the variation in water quality for different flow conditions and different seasons.This report, the sixteenth in a series of reports to be published annually, is primarily applicable to objective 2. The report presents hydro!ogic data collected in the Houston urban area for the 1979 water year (October 1, 1978 to September 30, 1979).A report by Johnson and Sayre (1973) utilized records collected from 1965 to 1969 to make a study of the effects of urbanization on floods in the Houston area. The report also summarizes various basin parameters. A report by Waddell, Massey, and Jennings (1979) presents data on computed runoff from the Houston area and computed concentrations and loads of selected waterquality constituents combined in the inflow to Galveston Bay. The study utilized a variation of the "STORM" model developed by the Hydro!ogic Engineering Center of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report prepared by Li scum and Massey (1980) presents a technique for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in the Houston area from drainage areas, bank-full conveyance, and percentage of urban development.A definition of terms related to streamflow, water quality, and other hydrologic data, as used in this report, are defined in "U.S. Geological Survey, Water-resources data for Texas, volume 2, 1979."To facilitate the

Comparative studies on the concentration of rare earth elements and heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing, China, and in Delft, The Netherlands.

PubMed

Wang, C X; Zhu, W; Peng, A; Guichreit, R

2001-05-01

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) was collected at three sampling sites in Beijing, China, from February to June 1998. The concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the APM were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results obtained in Beijing, China, were compared to that obtained in Delft, the Netherlands, in 1997. The influence of coal combustion was considered. The results demonstrated that the content of APM, the concentrations of REE and Co, Zn, Cd, Pb in the APM in Beijing, China, were higher than that in Delft, the Netherlands. From the ratios of La to Ce, and La to Sm, which may be used as tracers for the origin of the REE, it is concluded that the origins of REE in China differ from those in the Netherlands.

Program Overview and Performance. Fall 1997, Spring 1998, Summer 1998. Wichita State University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Silva, Deema

This report describes activities of the Student Support Services Program at Wichita State University (Kansas) during 1997-1998, the second year of a five-year federal grant. The program is designed to meet the special needs of limited-income and first-generation college students, and includes study-skill development, peer tutoring, and academic…

Scientific experiments on the flight of the 1979 biological satellite, draft plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The various physiological, biological, radiobiological, and radiation physics experiments to be conducted onboard the 1979 biological satellite are described. These experiments deal with the effects of space flight on living organisms, measurement of radiation, and possible methods of shielding spacecraft against such radiation.

Genetic relatedness of selected clinical Vibrio cholerae O139 isolates from the southern coastal area of China over a 20-year period.

PubMed

Li, B S; Xiao, Y; Wang, D C; Tan, H L; Ke, B X; He, D M; Ke, C W; Zhang, Y H

2016-09-01

Vibrio cholerae O139 emerged as a causative agent of epidemic cholera in 1992 in India and Bangladesh, and was subsequently reported in China in 1993. The genetic relatedness and molecular characteristics of V. cholerae O139 in Guangdong Province, located in the southern coastal area of China, remains undetermined. In this study, we investigated 136 clinical V. cholerae O139 isolates from 1993 to 2013 in Guangdong. By conventional PCR, 123 (90·4%) isolates were positive for ctxB, ace and zot. Sequencing of the positive amplicons indicated 113 (91·7%) isolates possessed the El Tor allele of ctxB (genotype 3); seven carried the classical ctxB type (genotype 1) and three harboured a novel ctxB type (genotype 5). With respect to tcpA, 123 (90·4%) isolates were positive for the El Tor allele. In addition, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (with NotI digestion) differentiated the isolates into clusters A and B. Cluster A contained seven of the non-toxigenic isolates from 1998 to 2000; another six non-toxigenic isolates (from 1998 and 2007) and all of the toxigenic isolates formed cluster B. Our results suggest that over a 20-year period, the predominant O139 clinical isolates have maintained a relatively tight clonal structure, although some genetic variance and shift has occurred. Our data highlight the persistence of toxigenic V. cholerae O139 in clinical settings in the southern coastal area of China.

Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1979

USGS Publications Warehouse

Slade, R.M.; Dorsey, M.E.; Gordon, J.D.; Mitchell, R.N.; Gaylord, J.L.

1981-01-01

This report contains rainfall and runoff data collected during the 1979 water year for the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area. In 1975, the program was expanded to include the collection of water-quality data. In 1978, the program was expanded to include a groundwater resources study of the south Austin metropolitan area in the Balcones fault zone. The information will be useful in determining the extent to which progressive urbanization will affect the yeild and mode of occurrence of storm runoff. The major streams in the study area are the Colorado River, Onion Creek, Barton Creek, Walnut Creek, Bull Creek, Boggy Creek, Shoal Creek, Williamson Creek, Slaughter Creek, Bear Creek, and Waller Creek. Detailed rainfall-runoff computations are presented for eight storm periods during the 1979 water year. Water-quality data for sites in the Austin metropolitan area are also given in this report. (USGS)

Cloud Climatology Derived from the AFGWC (Air Force Global Weather Central) 3D-Nephanalysis for January and July 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-15

January 1979. 29 Coo E 1979 2~0 C NHOOO. 03 to F *N9 90 E Januar y T i a J d e 1979 ClIou d 20 0 t0i 1 31 " -M No n t h I y 90 w Fig. 14 The monthly...r- 4 -Vto C UovjS 3H 3AOV 30 IJWII H913Hono-4 9__ . bases. The cloud amount from the visual satellite processor is obtained by comparing the 64...satellite analyses are combined to produce a single satellite c .. 10 1n 0 a 0 c ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ a__ _ a0 0 0 "w -4 O *0u mC 07 o v" 0 0. cr. 4" L

Seasonal variability of thermal fronts in the northern South China Sea from satellite data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Dongxiao; Liu, Yun; Qi, Yiquan; Shi, Ping

The 8-year (1991-1998) Pathfinder sea surface temperature data have been applied here to produce the objectively derived seasonality of the oceanic thermal fronts in the northern South China Sea from 17°N to 25°N. Several fronts have been clearly distinguished, namely, Fujian and Guangdong Coastal Water, Pear River Estuary Coastal, Taiwan Bank, Kuroshio Intrusion, Hainan Island East Coast and Tonkin Gulf Coastal fronts. The frontal patterns in winter, spring and summer are quite similar, whereas individual fronts display different modes of seasonal variability due to different mechanisms favoring those fronts.

ARC-1979-A79-7029

NASA Image and Video Library

1979-02-28

This mosaic of Jupiter was assembled from nine individual photos taken through an orange filter by Voyager 1 on Feb. 6, 1979, when the spacecraft was 4.7 million miles (7.8 million kilometers) from Jupiter. Distortion of the mosaic, especially where portions of the limb have been fitted together, is caused by rotation of the planet during the 96-second intervals between individual pictures. The large atmospheric feature just below and to the right of center is the Great Red Spot. The complex structure of the cloud formations seen over the entire planet gives some hint of the equally complex motions in the Voyager 1 time-lapse photography. The smallest atomospheric features seen in this view are approximately 85 miles (140 kilometers) across. Voyager project is managed and controlled by Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science. (JPL ref. No. P-21146)

Selected Bibliography of Egyptian Educational Materials. Vol. 5, No. 2, 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Ahram Center for Scientific Translations, Cairo (Egypt).

One hundred and forty two books, articles, and government publications dealing with education in Egypt are cited in this annotated bibliography. Items cited were published in 1979 and examine education for all age groups and ability levels. The material is presented under 84 headings including adult education, art education, children's books,…

Tribal Colleges: 1968-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stein, Wayne, J.

From 1968 to 1998, the number of tribally controlled colleges in the United States grew to 31. Based on the community college model, they are the only colleges in the world to support and teach curricula, cultures, and languages of their Indian nations. Tribal colleges must work more closely than other institutions with the federal government to…

ILO European Symposium on Work for the Disabled. Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Creation (Warsaw, Poland, May 21-27, 1979; Stockholm, Sweden, May 27-June 1, 1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, N., Ed.

This document is a report on a 12-day symposium on work for the disabled--vocational rehabilitation and employment creation--which was held in Poland and Sweden in 1979. The symposium was organized jointly by the government of Poland and Sweden in close cooperation with the International Labour Office (ILO), Geneva. The report is divided into five…

China’s Banking Reform Strategies and Its Effects on the Modernization Efforts of the People’s Liberation Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

through the sale of ownership shares to individual investors or by the licensing of new private institutions and expanding the role of foreign financial ... institutions , market forces will have a greater input in focusing capital resources.22 Nicholas Lardy elegantly captures the dilemma for Beijing’s...Unfinished Revolution, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998, 220. 22 John Langlois, Jr., “The WTO and China’s Financial System” The China

1979 bibliography of atomic and molecular processes. [Bibliography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1980-08-01

This annotated bibliography lists 2146 works on atomic and molecular processes reported in publications dated 1979. Sources include scientific journals, conference proceedings, and books. Each entry is designated by one or more of the 114 categories of atomic and molecular processes used by the Controlled Fusion Atomic Data Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to classify data. Also indicated is whether the work was experimental or theoretical, what energy range was covered, what reactants were investigated, and the country of origin of the first author. Following the bibliographical listing are indexes of reactants and authors.

Identification of source locations for atmospheric dry deposition of heavy metals during yellow-sand events in Seoul, Korea in 1998 using hybrid receptor models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Young-Ji; Holsen, Thomas M.; Hopke, Philip K.; Cheong, Jang-Pyo; Kim, Ho; Yi, Seung-Muk

2004-10-01

Elemental dry deposition fluxes were measured using dry deposition plates from March to June 1998 in Seoul, Korea. During this spring sampling period several yellow-sand events characterized by long-range transport from China and Mongolia impacted the area. Understanding the impact of yellow-sand events on atmospheric dry deposition is critical to managing the heavy metal levels in the environment in Korea. In this study, the measured flux of a primarily crustal metal, Al and an anthropogenic metal, Pb was used with two hybrid receptor models, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and residence time weighted concentration (RTWC) for locating sources of heavy metals associated with atmospheric dry deposition fluxes during the yellow-sand events in Seoul, Korea. The PSCF using a criterion value of the 75th percentile of the measured dry deposition fluxes and RTWC results using the measured elemental dry deposition fluxes agreed well and consistently showed that there were large potential source areas in the Gobi Desert in China and Mongolia and industrial areas near Tianjin, Tangshan, and Shenyang in China. Major industrial areas of Shenyang, Fushun, and Anshan, the Central China loess plateau, the Gobi Desert, and the Alashan semi-desert in China were identified to be major source areas for the measured Pb flux in Seoul, Korea. For Al, the main industrial areas of Tangshan, Tianjin and Beijing, the Gobi Desert, the Alashan semi-desert, and the Central China loess plateau were found to be the major source areas. These results indicate that both anthropogenic sources such as industrial areas and natural sources such as deserts contribute to the high dry deposition fluxes of both Pb and Al in Seoul, Korea during yellow-sand events. RTWC resolved several high potential source areas. Modeling results indicated that the long-range transport of Al and Pb from China during yellow-sand events as well as non-yellow-sand spring daytimes increased atmospheric dry

Market mature 1998 hybrid electric vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wyczalek, F.A.

Beginning in 1990, the major automotive passenger vehicle manufacturers once again re-evaluated the potential of the battery powered electric vehicle (EV). This intensive effort to reduce the battery EV to commercial practice focused attention on the key issue of limited vehicle range, resulting from the low energy density and high mass characteristics of batteries, in comparison to the high energy density of liquid hydrocarbon (HC) fuels. Consequently, by 1995, vehicle manufacturers turned their attention to hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This redirection of EV effort was highlighted finally, in 1997, at the 57th Frankfurt Motor Show, the Audi Duo parallel typemore » hybrid was released for the domestic market as a 1998 model vehicle. Also at the 1997 32nd Tokyo Motor Show, the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) Prius was released for the domestic market as a 1998 model vehicle. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the key features of these two 1998 model year production hybrid propulsion systems. Among the conclusions, two issues are evident: one, the major manufacturers have turned to the hybrid concept in their search for solutions to the key EV issues of limited range and heating/air conditioning; and, two, the focus is now on introducing hybrid EV for test marketing domestically.« less

Aerosols from the soufriere eruption plume of 17 april 1979.

PubMed

Sedlacek, W A; Heiken, G; Zoller, W H; Germani, M S

1982-06-04

Aerosol samples collected from the 17 April 1979 eruption plume of Soufriere, St. Vincent, at altitudes between 1.8 and 5.5 kilometers were physically and chemically very similar to the ash that fell on the island. Higher altitude samples (7.3 and 9.5 kilometers) had a much lower ash content but comparable concentrations of sulfate, which were above the background concentration found at these altitudes.

Aerosols from the Soufriere eruption plume of 17 April 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sedlacek, W. A.; Heiken, G.; Zoller, W. H.; Germani, M. S.

1982-01-01

Aerosol samples collected from the April 17, 1979 eruption plume of Soufriere, St. Vincent, at altitudes between 1.8 and 5.5 kilometers were physically and chemically very similar to the ash that fell on the island. Higher altitude samples (7.3 and 9.5 kilometers) had a much lower ash content but comparable concentrations of sulfate, which were above the background concentration found at these altitudes.

(90)Sr in King Bolete Boletus edulis and certain other mushrooms consumed in Europe and China.

PubMed

Saniewski, Michał; Zalewska, Tamara; Krasińska, Grażyna; Szylke, Natalia; Wang, Yuanzhong; Falandysz, Jerzy

2016-02-01

The (90)Sr activity concentrations released from a radioactive fallout have been determined in a range of samples of mushrooms collected in Poland, Belarus, China, and Sweden in 1996-2013. Measurement of (90)Sr in pooled samples of mushrooms was carried out with radiochemical procedure aimed to pre-isolate the analyte from the fungal materials before it was determined using the Low-Level Beta Counter. Interestingly, the Purple Bolete Imperator rhodopurpureus collected from Yunnan in south-western China in 2012 showed (90)Sr activity concentration at around 10 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass, which was greater when compared to other mushrooms in this study. The King Bolete Boletus edulis from China showed the (90)Sr activity in caps at around 1.5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass (whole fruiting bodies) in 2012 and for specimens from Poland activity was well lower than 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass in 1998-2010. A sample of Sarcodonimbricatus collected in 1998 from the north-eastern region of Poland impacted by Chernobyl fallout showed (90)Sr in caps at around 5 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Concentration of (90)Sr in Bay Bolete Royoporus (Xerocomus or Boletus) badius from affected region of Gomel in Belarus was in 2010 at 2.1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. In several other species from Poland (90)Sr was at <0.5 to around 1.0 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass. Activity concentrations of (90)Sr in popular B. edulis and some other mushrooms collected from wild in Poland were very low (<1 Bq kg(-1) dry biomass), and values noted showed on persistence of this type of radioactivity in mushrooms over time passing from nuclear weapons tests and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophe. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A History of the Waterways Experiment Station 1929-1979

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

SUBTITLE A History of the Waterways Experiment Station 1929-1979 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d...PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,Waterway Experiment...Station,3903 Halls Ferry Road,Vicksburg,MS,39180 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10

Fact Book on Higher Education in the South, 1979 and 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smartt, Steven H.

Approximately 50 statistical tables are presented to provide the latest data on higher education in 1979 and 1980 for the United States, the Southern Regional Board (SREB) region, and the 14 individual member states. Information contained in the tables is grouped under the six headings that form the sections of the publications: population and…

[Trends in mortality from scorpion stings in Mexico, 1979-2003].

PubMed

Celis, Alfredo; Gaxiola-Robles, Ramón; Sevilla-Godínez, Elizabeth; Orozco Valerio, María de Jesús; Armas, Jesús

2007-06-01

To describe the trends in mortality from scorpion stings in Mexico as a whole and in each of its states for the period of 1979 to 2003. We estimated the crude and standardized mortality rates due to scorpion stings and the trends during the period studied based on official mortality data for Mexico, using the codes (E905.2 and X22, respectively) from the 9th and 10th editions of the International Classification of Diseases. The results were stratified by age group. The frequencies of deaths from scorpion stings were compared using relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Between 1979 and 2003 in Mexico, 6,077 deaths from scorpion stings were registered. A statistically significant downward trend was found in standardized mortality rates (beta = -0.195; P < or = 0.001), with a total reduction of 86.5% for the period of 2001-2003 versus 1979-1982. For the 2001-2003 period, the highest mortality rates were in children under 1 year of age (7.07 per 1,000,000), children 1 to 4 years old (3.78 per 1,000,000), persons 60 and older (0.84 per 1,000,000), and males (0.81 per 1,000,000). Persons in communities with fewer than 2,500 inhabitants had a relative risk that was 11.8 times (95% CI: 7.86 to 17.72) that found in communities with more than 20,000 inhabitants. The states with the highest mortality rates were in the central and western regions of the country. Despite the sustained decline in the number of deaths from scorpion stings in the last 20 years in Mexico, there is still an important public health problem. The groups that are most affected are children under 5 and the elderly. Measures should be taken so that in all communities, especially small ones, adequate resources and information are available to provide for the prompt care of persons who suffer a scorpion sting.

NCPV FY 1998 Annual Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McConnell, R. D.; Hansen, A.

1999-07-19

This report summarizes the in-house and subcontracted research and development (R and D) activities under the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) from October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998 (FY 1998). The NCPV is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Photovoltaics Program, as described in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program Plan for 1996-2000. The mission of the DOE National Photovoltaics Program is to make PV a significant part of the domestic economy--as an industry and as an energy resource. The two primary goals of the national program are to (1) maintain the U.S. industry's world leadership inmore » research and technology development and (2) help the U.S. industry remain a major, profitable force in the world market. The NCPV provides leadership and support to the national program toward achieving its mission and goals.« less

State Appalachian Development Plans and Investment Programs for Fiscal Year 1979. Abstracts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1979

One component of the Appalachian Regional Commission's regional plan process is the annual review and approval of individual state development policies. The state summaries of proposed programs for fiscal year 1979 (for Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee,…

Southern pulpwood production, 1998

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Carolyn D. Steppleton

2000-01-01

In 1998, the South's production of pulpwood declined 2 percent to 74.7 million cords. Roundwood production dropped to 52.7 million cords and accounted for 71 percent of the total pulpwood production. The use of wood residue increased to 21.9 million cords. Alabama leads the South in total production, number of mills, and pulping capacity. Currently, 103 mills are...

Management of Bottomland Hardwoods and Deepwater Swamps for Threatened and Endangered Species.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

States, to furnish units for mapping , and to provide uniformity in concepts and terminology (Cowardin et al. 1979). In the Cowardin et al. (1979...Conservation Service. Although not mapped by the NRI, substantial Federal holdings of forested wetlands occur in the southeast (Shepard et al. 1998...physical condition, they produce an average litter of two young every 2 years thereafter. This low reproductive potential has made it difficult for

Gender policy developments and policy regimes in 22 OECD countries, 1979-2008.

PubMed

Backhans, Mona C; Burström, Bo; Marklund, Staffan

2011-01-01

This study investigates trends and clustering of gender policy in 22 OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries during 1979-2008. The starting point was Sainsbury's gender policy regime framework, and the study included indicators reflecting the male bread-winner, individual earner-carer, and separate gender roles regimes. The indicators were followed over seven time points for mean, range, and distribution. Cluster analyses were performed for the years 1979, 1989, 1999, and 2004. In accordance with previous studies, the authors found a Nordic cluster of earner-carer countries, while several Southern European countries and the United States were marked by their low generosity and high pension requirements. Though aspects of the separate gender roles regime have become more widespread, no country could be classified as fully belonging to this regime type. The two aspects of the model--compensatory measures in the pension system, and benefits for caring activities--were never present simultaneously.

Selected hydrologic data, Price River basin, Utah, water years 1979 and 1980

USGS Publications Warehouse

Waddell, K.M.; Dodge, J.E.; Darby, D.W.; Theobald, S.M.

1982-01-01

The Price River basin in east-central Utah includes a significant part of the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs coal-fields area (pi. 1) and currently (1980) is part of the most active coal-mining areas in the State.This report presents data gathered by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a hydrologic study carried out during the water years 1979 and 1980 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The data were obtained in the field or from private, State, and other Federal agencies. The purpose of this report is to make the data available to those engaged in coal mining, to those assessing water resources that may possibly be affected by coal mining, and to supplement two interpretive reports that will be published at a later date. Other sources of hydrologic data in the Price River basin include Waddell and others, 1978 and Sumsion, 1979.

Information Accessibility of the Charcoal Burning Suicide Method in Mainland China

PubMed Central

Cheng, Qijin; Chang, Shu-Sen; Guo, Yingqi; Yip, Paul S. F.

2015-01-01

Background There has been a marked rise in suicide by charcoal burning (CB) in some East Asian countries but little is known about its incidence in mainland China. We examined media-reported CB suicides and the availability of online information about the method in mainland China. Methods We extracted and analyzed data for i) the characteristics and trends of fatal and nonfatal CB suicides reported by mainland Chinese newspapers (1998–2014); ii) trends and geographic variations in online searches using keywords relating to CB suicide (2011–2014); and iii) the content of Internet search results. Results 109 CB suicide attempts (89 fatal and 20 nonfatal) were reported by newspapers in 13 out of the 31 provinces or provincial-level-municipalities in mainland China. There were increasing trends in the incidence of reported CB suicides and in online searches using CB-related keywords. The province-level search intensities were correlated with CB suicide rates (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.43 [95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.68]). Two-thirds of the web links retrieved using the search engine contained detailed information about the CB suicide method, of which 15% showed pro-suicide attitudes, and the majority (86%) did not encourage people to seek help. Limitations The incidence of CB suicide was based on newspaper reports and likely to be underestimated. Conclusions Mental health and suicide prevention professionals in mainland China should be alert to the increased use of this highly lethal suicide method. Better surveillance and intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented. PMID:26474297

Inequalities in Toothbrushing among Adolescents in Scotland 1998-2006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levin, K. A.; Currie, C.

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to examine trends in toothbrushing and inequalities in toothbrushing among girls and boys in Scotland between 1998 and 2006. A secondary aim was to investigate the association between the health promoting school (HPS) initiative and toothbrushing. Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 1998, 2002 and 2006…

A retrospective survey of research design and statistical analyses in selected Chinese medical journals in 1998 and 2008.

PubMed

Jin, Zhichao; Yu, Danghui; Zhang, Luoman; Meng, Hong; Lu, Jian; Gao, Qingbin; Cao, Yang; Ma, Xiuqiang; Wu, Cheng; He, Qian; Wang, Rui; He, Jia

2010-05-25

High quality clinical research not only requires advanced professional knowledge, but also needs sound study design and correct statistical analyses. The number of clinical research articles published in Chinese medical journals has increased immensely in the past decade, but study design quality and statistical analyses have remained suboptimal. The aim of this investigation was to gather evidence on the quality of study design and statistical analyses in clinical researches conducted in China for the first decade of the new millennium. Ten (10) leading Chinese medical journals were selected and all original articles published in 1998 (N = 1,335) and 2008 (N = 1,578) were thoroughly categorized and reviewed. A well-defined and validated checklist on study design, statistical analyses, results presentation, and interpretation was used for review and evaluation. Main outcomes were the frequencies of different types of study design, error/defect proportion in design and statistical analyses, and implementation of CONSORT in randomized clinical trials. From 1998 to 2008: The error/defect proportion in statistical analyses decreased significantly ( = 12.03, p<0.001), 59.8% (545/1,335) in 1998 compared to 52.2% (664/1,578) in 2008. The overall error/defect proportion of study design also decreased ( = 21.22, p<0.001), 50.9% (680/1,335) compared to 42.40% (669/1,578). In 2008, design with randomized clinical trials remained low in single digit (3.8%, 60/1,578) with two-third showed poor results reporting (defects in 44 papers, 73.3%). Nearly half of the published studies were retrospective in nature, 49.3% (658/1,335) in 1998 compared to 48.2% (761/1,578) in 2008. Decreases in defect proportions were observed in both results presentation ( = 93.26, p<0.001), 92.7% (945/1,019) compared to 78.2% (1023/1,309) and interpretation ( = 27.26, p<0.001), 9.7% (99/1,019) compared to 4.3% (56/1,309), some serious ones persisted. Chinese medical research seems to have made

Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013

Treesearch

W. Matt Jolly; Mark A. Cochrane; Patrick H. Freeborn; Zachary A. Holden; Timothy J. Brown; Grant J. Williamson; David M. J. S. Bowman

2015-01-01

Climate strongly influences global wildfire activity, and recent wildfire surges may signal fire weather-induced pyrogeographic shifts. Here we use three daily global climate data sets and three fire danger indices to develop a simple annual metric of fire weather season length, and map spatio-temporal trends from 1979 to 2013. We show that fire weather seasons have...

The New England travel market: generational travel patterns, 1979 to 1996

Treesearch

Rod Warnick

2002-01-01

Generations of travelers who select New England as a primary destination are examined over time from the years of 1979 through 1996 and the analysis serves to update an earlier review of generational travel patterns of the region (Warnick, 1994). Changes in travel patterns are noted by overall adjusted annual change rates by demographic and geographic regions of...

40 CFR 35.910-10 - Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation. 35.910-10 Section 35.910-10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.910-10 Allotment of Fiscal Yea...

40 CFR 35.910-10 - Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation. 35.910-10 Section 35.910-10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.910-10 Allotment of Fiscal Yea...

40 CFR 35.910-10 - Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation. 35.910-10 Section 35.910-10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.910-10 Allotment of Fiscal Yea...

40 CFR 35.910-10 - Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation. 35.910-10 Section 35.910-10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.910-10 Allotment of Fiscal Yea...

40 CFR 35.910-10 - Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Allotment of Fiscal Year 1979 appropriation. 35.910-10 Section 35.910-10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Grants for Construction of Treatment Works-Clean Water Act § 35.910-10 Allotment of Fiscal Yea...

Financial Summary Tables. Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 1979

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

79 Q FAD 740 - Object Classification Distribution of Direct and Reimbursable Obligations, FY 77, FY 78 and FY 79 .U 762 - FY 1979 Reimbursable Program...FAO-738/79 (FILE IN VOL. It JAN 23, 1978 PAGE 1 UOGET BALANCES REIMBURSABLE RECOVERIES TOTAL DIRECT OBLIGATIONS...m.---- .---- ...------.m.---- -..m.----.......---e e e ee-- - - - DIRECT OBLIGATIONS REIMBURSABLE TOTAL WRITEOFFS UNOBLIGATED UNOBLIGATED

The 1998 Canadian Contraception Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher, William A.; Boroditsky, Richard; Bridges, Martha L.

1999-01-01

Describes the 1998 Canadian Contraception Study, a mailed survey which asked women about contraceptive practices past, present, and future (including use of oral contraceptives, condoms, and sterilization); familiarity with and opinion about different contraception methods; and general sexual and reproductive health. The paper also examines…

Traffic safety facts 1998 : pedestrians

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

In 1998, 5,220 pedestrians were killed in traffic crashes in the United States - a decrease of 24 percent from the 6,870 pedestrians killed in 1988. On average, a pedestrian is killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes. There were 69,000 pedestrian...

Traffic safety facts 1998 : pedestrian

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

In 1998, 5,220 pedestrians were killed in traffic crashes in the United States - a decrease of 24% from the 6,870 pedestrians killed in 1988. On average, a pedestrian is killed in a traffic crash every 101 minutes. There were 69,000 pedestrians injur...

Is signal detection theory fundamentally flawed? A response to Balakrishnan (1998a, 1998b, 1999).

PubMed

Treisman, Michel

2002-12-01

For nearly 50 years, signal detection theory (SDT; Green & Swvets, 1966; Macmillan & Creelman, 1991) has been of central importance in the development of psychophysics and other areas of psychology. The theory has recently been challenged by Balakrishnan (1998b), who argues that, within SDT, an alternative index is "better justified" than d' and who claims to show (1998a, 1999) that SDT is fundamentally flawed and should be rejected. His evidence is based on new nonparametric measures that he has introduced and applied to experimental data. He believes his results show that basic assumptions of SDT are not supported-in particular, that payoff and probability manipulations do not affect the position of the decision criterion. In view of the importance of SDT in psychology, these claims deserve careful examination. They are critically reviewed here. It appears that it is Balakrishnans arguments that fail, and not SDT

FRESHWATER FINDINGS, 1979-1982: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, DULUTH, MINNESOTA

EPA Science Inventory

This report contains citations of publications for the years 1979-1982 on research conducted or supported by the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth. All published material has been organized into two major categories: (1) Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Proceedings, etc., ...

U.S. Department of Transportation : FY 1998 budget in brief

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The fiscal year (FY) 1998 budget request for DOT makes a down payment on meeting the : transportation challenges of the 21st century. A total of $38.4 billion is proposed to support : transportation programs in FY 1998. This is approximately one perc...

[Epidemic situation of oversea imported schistosomiasis in China and thinking about its prevention and control].

PubMed

Zhu, Rong; Xu, Jing

2014-04-01

The imported schistosomiasis cases in the Chinese literature and reports from the infectious disease monitoring information system from 1979 to 2013 were collected and compiled. Totally 365 cases were reported to be infected with outside schistosomiasis, including 239 cases of schistosomiasis haematobia (74.0%) and 71 cases of schistosomiasis mansoni (22.0%), and 42 foreigners (11.5%) and 323 Chinese (88.5%). The infection areas involved 15 countries and regions in Africa. Totally 74.92% of patients worked in the construction or geological prospecting in the wild field. According to the analysis of these cases, we found that the management system of prevention and control of imported schistosomiasis cases was not perfect including the high missing re-port rate, high misdiagnosis rate, and no standard diagnostic criteria. We suggest that all the levels of CDC or health administrative authorities should adopt the following relevant control measures to strengthen the imported schistosomiasis prevention and control in order to reduce the damage to the public health and the risk of the spread of African schistosomiasis in China: (1) to establish and perfect the imported schistosomiasis monitoring and control system in China; (2) to integrate the dynamic information platform of labor export and establish the comprehensive prevention and control management system of infectious diseases; (3) to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of oversea imported schistosomiasis; (4) to strengthen the research on the transmission risk of imported schistosomiasis in the territory of China.

Gestational diabetes in the United States: temporal changes in prevalence rates between 1979 and 2010.

PubMed

Lavery, J A; Friedman, A M; Keyes, K M; Wright, J D; Ananth, C V

2017-04-01

To examine age-period-cohort effects on trends in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence in the US, and to evaluate how these trends have affected the rates of stillbirth and large for gestational age (LGA)/macrosomia. Retrospective cohort study. USA, 1979-2010. Over 125 million pregnancies (3 337 284 GDM cases) associated with hospitalisations. Trends in GDM prevalence were examined via weighted Poisson models to parse out the extent to which GDM trends can be attributed to maternal age, period of delivery, and maternal birth cohort. Multilevel models were used to assess the contribution of population effects to the rate of GDM. Log-linear Poisson regression models were used to estimate the contributions of the increasing GDM rates to changes in the rates of LGA and stillbirth between 1979-81 and 2008-10. Rates and rate ratios (RRs). Compared with 1979-1980 (0.3%), the rate of GDM has increased to 5.8% in 2008-10, indicating a strong period effect. Substantial age and modest cohort effects were evident. The period effect is partly explained by period trends in body mass index (BMI), race, and maternal smoking. The increasing prevalence of GDM is associated with a 184% (95% CI 180-188%) decline in the rate of LGA/macrosomia and a 0.75% (95% CI 0.74-0.76) increase in the rate of stillbirths for 2008-10, compared with 1979-81. The temporal increase in GDM can be attributed to period of pregnancy and age. Increasing BMI appears to partially contribute to the GDM increase in the US. The increasing prevalence of GDM can be attributed to period of delivery and increasing maternal age. © 2016 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

NASA Tech Briefs Index 1979. Volume 4, Nos. 1-4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Tech Briefs are short announcements of new technology derived from the research and development activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This Index to NASA Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes -- subject, personal author, originating Center, and Tech Brief number -- for 1979 Tech Briefs.

Annotated Bibliography of Human Factors Laboratory Reports (1945-1968). Supplement 4, 1979-1983.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

A complete bibliographic reference and an abstract are given for each publication of the Human Factors Laboratory from 1979 through 1983 including in-house and contractor - developed documents. Three indexes are provided: Index by Source, Author Index , and Subject Matter Index.

Using NOAA AVHRR data to assess flood damage in China.

PubMed

Wang, Quan; Watanabe, Masataka; Hayashi, Seiji; Murakami, Shogo

2003-03-01

The article used two NOAA-14 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) datasets to assess flood damage in the middle and lower reaches of China's Changjiang River (Yangtze River) in 1998. As the AVHRR is an optical sensor, it cannot penetrate the clouds that frequently cover the land during the flood season, and this technology is greatly limited in flood monitoring. However the widely used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can be used to monitor flooding, since water has a much lower NDVI value than other surface features. Though many factors other than flooding (e.g. atmospheric conditions, different sun-target-satellite angles, and cloud) can change NDVI values, inundated areas can be distinguished from other types of ground cover by changes in the NDVI value before and after the flood after eliminating the effects of other factors on NDVI. AVHRR data from 26 May and 22 August, 1998 were selected to represent the ground conditions before and after flooding. After accurate geometric correction by collecting GCPs, and atmospheric and angular corrections by using the 6S code, NDVI values for both days and their differences were calculated for cloud-free pixels. The difference in the NDVI values between these two times, together with the NDVI values and a land-use map, were used to identify inundated areas and to assess the area lost to the flood. The results show a total of 358,867 ha, with 207,556 ha of cultivated fields (paddy and non-irrigated field) inundated during the flood of 1998 in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River Catchment; comparing with the reported total of 321,000 and 197,000 ha, respectively. The discrimination accuracy of this method was tested by comparing the results from two nearly simultaneous sets of remote-sensing data (NOAA's AVHRR data from 10 September, 1998, and JERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from 11 September, 1998, with a lag of about 18.5 hr) over a representative flooded region in the

Summary of Research 1998, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-08-01

Channel Interference," Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998. Erdogan , V, "Time Domain Simulation of MPSK Communications System...1998, several new user interface screens have been designed. Software for reading data from analog tape has been completed and interfaced to the

Virtual Knowledge: The Best Buys in 1998 CD-ROM Encyclopedias.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burg, Barbara; Kautzman, Amy M.

1998-01-01

Discusses questions to consider and features to look for in selecting a CD-ROM encyclopedia. Reviews Encyclopaedia Britannica CD 98 Multimedia Edition, Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia 1998, Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia, and Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1998. Contact information, price, and system requirements are listed. (JAK)

Chromium Recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Papp, John F.

2001-01-01

The purpose of this report is to illustrate the extent to which chromium was recycled in the United States in 1998 and to identify chromium-recycling trends. The major use of chromium was in the metallurgical industry to make stainless steel; substantially less chromium was used in the refractory and chemical industries. In this study, the only chromium recycling reported was that which was a part of stainless steel scrap reuse. In 1998, 20 percent of the U.S. apparent consumption of chromium was secondary (from recycling); the remaining 80 percent was based on net chromium commodity imports and stock adjustments. Chromite ore was not mined in the United States in 1998. In 1998, 75,300 metric tons (t) of chromium contained in old scrap was consumed in the United States; it was valued at $66.4 million. Old scrap generated contained 132,000 t of chromium. The old scrap recycling efficiency was 87 percent, and the recycling rate was 20 percent. About 18,000 t of chromium in old scrap was unrecovered. New scrap consumed contained 28,600 t of chromium, which yielded a new-to-old-scrap ratio of 28:72. U.S. chromium-bearing stainless steel scrap net exports were valued at $154 million and were estimated to have contained 41,000 t of chromium.

Duration of the Arctic sea ice melt season: Regional and interannual variability, 1979-2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Belchansky, G.I.; Douglas, David C.; Platonov, Nikita G.

2004-01-01

Melt onset dates, freeze onset dates, and melt season duration were estimated over Arctic sea ice, 1979–2001, using passive microwave satellite imagery and surface air temperature data. Sea ice melt duration for the entire Northern Hemisphere varied from a 104-day minimum in 1983 and 1996 to a 124-day maximum in 1989. Ranges in melt duration were highest in peripheral seas, numbering 32, 42, 44, and 51 days in the Laptev, Barents-Kara, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas, respectively. In the Arctic Ocean, average melt duration varied from a 75-day minimum in 1987 to a 103-day maximum in 1989. On average, melt onset in annual ice began 10.6 days earlier than perennial ice, and freeze onset in perennial ice commenced 18.4 days earlier than annual ice. Average annual melt dates, freeze dates, and melt durations in annual ice were significantly correlated with seasonal strength of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Following high-index AO winters (January–March), spring melt tended to be earlier and autumn freeze later, leading to longer melt season durations. The largest increases in melt duration were observed in the eastern Siberian Arctic, coincident with cyclonic low pressure and ice motion anomalies associated with high-index AO phases. Following a positive AO shift in 1989, mean annual melt duration increased 2–3 weeks in the northern East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Decreasing correlations between consecutive-year maps of melt onset in annual ice during 1979–2001 indicated increasing spatial variability and unpredictability in melt distributions from one year to the next. Despite recent declines in the winter AO index, recent melt distributions did not show evidence of reestablishing spatial patterns similar to those observed during the 1979–88 low-index AO period. Recent freeze distributions have become increasingly similar to those observed during 1979–88, suggesting a recurrent spatial pattern of freeze chronology under low-index AO conditions.

Longitudinal Evaluation of the Computer Assisted Instruction, Title I Project, 1979-82.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lavin, Richard J.; Sanders, Jean E.

The Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) Project is an alternative, supplementary approach to providing reading, mathematics, and language arts instruction in schools in six northeastern Massachusetts communities. The CAI activities are provided as a supplement to instruction in Title I/Chapter I programs. Beginning in 1979, a 3-year research study…

State Compensatory Education: 1979-80. Final Technical Report. Publication No. 79.18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Austin Independent School District, TX. Office of Research and Evaluation.

A major portion of Texas' State Compensatory Education (SCE) evaluation resources for 1979-80 was devoted to activities related to the statewide assessment of fifth and ninth graders' skills in reading, mathematics, and writing (the Texas Assessment of Basic Skills Project). For purposes of this report, evaluation activity and information is…

1998 Michigan traffic crash facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-05-01

The 1998 traffic fatality count was 1,367, down 5.5 percent from the 1997 figure of 1,446. : Compared with 1997, injuries were down 4.3 percent and total crashes were down 5.2 : percent. These figures translated into a death rate of 1.5 per 100 milli...

Births: Final Data for 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ventura, Stephanie J.; Martin, Joyce A.; Curtin, Sally C.; Matthews, T. J.; Park, Melissa M.

2000-01-01

This report presents 1998 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics, including: (1) age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; (2) maternal lifestyle and health characteristics, such as medical risk factors, weight…

Women in Higher Education, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenniger, Mary Dee Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the twelve consecutive numbers of the newsletter "Women in Education", published during 1998. This newsletter focus on issues concerned with women students, women faculty, and women administrators in higher education. Each issue includes feature articles, news items, and profiles of significant people. Feature articles…

Health and Safety Research Division. Progress report, October 1, 1979-March 31, 1981

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1981-08-01

Research progress for the period October 1, 1979 through March 31, 1981 is reported. Research conducted by the Office of Integrated Assessments and Policy Analysis, Health Studies Section, Technology Assessments Section, Biological and Radiation Physics Section, and Chemical Physics Section is summarized. (ACR)

Trends in radiation exposure from clinical nuclear medicine procedures in Shanghai, China.

PubMed

Yi, Yanling; Zheng, Junzheng; Zhuo, Weihai; Gao, Linfeng

2012-03-01

This study was designed to assess the trends in the frequencies of nuclear medicine procedures in Shanghai, China, and to determine their contributions to the per capita effective dose to the Shanghai population. The mean activities of radionuclides administered by nuclear medicine departments were compared with the Chinese national guidelines on diagnostic reference levels. On the basis of the three surveys carried out by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996, 1998, and 2008, the typically administered radiopharmaceuticals, levels of activity, the number of procedures, and population were systematically analyzed to assess the frequencies of nuclear medicine procedures and the per capita effective dose. The frequencies were approximately 2.77, 3.46, and 6.63 per 1000 people in 1996, 1998, and 2008, respectively. The annual per capita doses from diagnostic nuclear medicine were estimated to be 0.016, 0.022, and 0.032 mSv in 1996, 1998, and 2008, respectively. The annual frequency of therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures increased from 0.131 to 0.430 per 1000 people in the intervening 12 years. In the 12 years before 2008, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in nuclear medicine in Shanghai increased continuously, and the annual per capita dose doubled. Increases in PET imaging and bone scans were the major contributors to the increasing frequency and magnitude of radiation exposure to the population. The activities administered for most diagnostic procedures were generally consistent with the designated reference levels.

Bibliography of Technical Publications and Papers, October 1978 - September 1979

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-01

overnutrition. Symposium on Psychosocial Factors in Nutritional Problems, llth International Congress of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, September...VBIOGRAPHY OF-TZHNICAL BLICATIONS AND An T7 Octber118 -Seu~imb~ 199k6. PERFORMNING OR0. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTMOR( e ) S. CONTRACT -OR G ANT HNDMER~a) 9...Officer Advanced Class 79-2, US Army Quartermaster School, Fort Lee, VA, 14 August 1979. 6 OFFICE OF TECHNICAL DIRECTOR Technical Papers 12. ROSS, E . W

Active microwave investigation of snowpacks: Experimental documentation, Colorado 1979-1980

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stiles, W. H.; Ulaby, F. T.; Aslam, A.; Abdelrazik, M.

1981-01-01

During the winter of 1979-1980, the University of Kansas Microwave Active Spectrometer systems measured the backscattering properties of snowpacks under varying conditions at four test sites in Colorado. In addition to the radar data over 1-35 GHz, ground-truth measurements of the atmospheric, snow, and soil characteristics were obtained for each radar data set. The test sites, data acquisition procedures, and data that were acquired in this experiment are presented and described.

Illinois crash facts and statistics, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

This publication, Illinois Traffic Crash Facts : and Statistics for 1998, is designed to serve : your needs in researching and reviewing : motor vehicle crash involvement in Illinois. : Illinois continues to work to reduce traffic : deaths and ...

ARC-1979-AC79-0143-4

NASA Image and Video Library

1979-01-17

Photo by Voyager 1 Jupiter's satellite Io poses before the giant planet in this photo returned Jan 17, 1979 from a distance of 29 million miles (47 million kilometers). The satellite's shadow can be seen falling on the face of Jupiter at left. Io is traveling from left to right in its one-and-three-quarter-day orbit around Jupiter. Even from this great distance the image of Io shows dark poles and bright equatorial region. Voyager 1 will make its closest approach to Jupiter 174, 000 miles (280,000 kilometer) on March 5. It will then continue to Saturn in November 1980. This color photo was assembled at Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Image Processing Lab from three black and white images taken through filters. The Voyagers are managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (JPL Ref: P-20946C)

Suicide in southwestern Greece 1979-1984.

PubMed

Beratis, S

1986-11-01

Study of suicide in a province of southwestern Greece (population 295,000) from 1979 through 1984 demonstrated: mean suicide rate 0.48/10,000 population/year; significant increase of the suicide rate in men after the age of 65, but not in women; significantly higher suicide rate in men from rural than from urban areas; significantly higher suicide rate in men than in women from rural areas, no difference in urban areas; differences in suicide frequency or age at suicide were observed between subjects of different marital status; violent methods of suicide were most frequently used; and psychological disorders were the most frequent causes of suicide. Many of these findings are observed for the first time. Some may be related to the characteristics of the population studied, whereas others may also be present in other populations.

The Condition of Education 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wirt, John; Snyder, Tom; Sable, Jennifer; Choy, Susan P.; Bae, Yupin; Stennett, Janis; Gruner, Allison; Perie, Marianne

The current status of education for 1998 is presented as an indicator report, analyzing key data that measure the health of education, monitor important developments, and show trends in major aspects of education. The report first presents three "Issues in Focus": "College Access and Affordability"; "Progress in the Educational Achievement of…

English Leadership Quarterly, 1998-1999.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiernan, Henry, Ed.

1999-01-01

This journal, a publication of the National Council of Teachers of English Conference on English Leadership, publishes articles on topics of interest to those in positions of leadership in departments (elementary, secondary, or college) where English is taught. Articles in Volume 21, Number 1, August 1998 are: "Problem-Based Leadership: A…

The AMATYC Review, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browne, Joseph, Ed.

1998-01-01

This document consists of the two issues of the "AMATYC Review" published during volume year 1997-1998. Designed as an avenue of communication for mathematics educators concerned with the views, ideas, and experiences of two-year college students and teachers, this journal contains articles on mathematics exposition and education, and regularly…

Major Natural Disasters in China, 1985-2014: Occurrence and Damages.

PubMed

Han, Weixiao; Liang, Chen; Jiang, Baofa; Ma, Wei; Zhang, Ying

2016-11-10

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of natural disasters and associated losses from 1985 to 2014. The Mann-Kendall method was used to detect any long-term trends and abrupt changes. Hotspot analysis was conducted to detect the spatial clusters of disasters. We found an increasing trend in the occurrence of integrated natural disasters ( tau = 0.594 , p < 0.001 ), particularly for floods ( tau = 0.507, p < 0.001), landslides ( tau = 0.365, p = 0.009) and storms ( tau = 0.289, p = 0.032). Besides, there was an abrupt increase of natural disasters in 1998-2000. Hotspots of droughts, floods, landslides and storms were identified in central, southern, southwest and southeast areas of China, respectively. Annual deaths from integrated natural disasters were decreasing (tau = -0.237, p = 0.068) at about 32 persons/year, decreasing at 17 persons/year for floods ( tau = -0.154, p = 0.239), and decreasing at approximately 12 persons/year for storms ( tau = -0.338, p = 0.009). No significant trend was detected in inflation-adjusted damages while a declining trend was detected in the ratio of year damage against GDP (gross domestic product). In conclusion, there has been an increasing trend in occurrence of natural disasters in China with the absence of an increase in life and economic losses. Despite the progress in the disaster adaption, there will be great challenges in disaster control for China in the future.

FY 1979 Unit Cost Analysis for the Public Community Colleges of Illinois.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illinois Community Coll. Board, Springfield.

A unit cost analysis for fiscal year (FY) 1979 was conducted by the Illinois Community College Board using mid-term enrollment data and uniform accounting information from each of the state's 51 community colleges. Unit costs for instructional areas were determined at three incremental levels: (1) net instructional cost (NIC), which includes…

Lifetime Earnings Estimates for Men and Women in the United States: 1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkhead, Dan L.

1983-01-01

This report presents estimates of expected lifetime earnings based on data collected in the March Current Population Survey by age, sex, and educational attainment for 1978, 1979, and 1980. The text describes the data tables and charts, methodology, and limitations of the data. The eight figures and five detailed tables present lifetime earning…

Epidemiology of childhood asthma in mainland China (1988–2014): A meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Guo, Xiaojing; Li, Zhuoying; Ling, Weijun; Long, Jianxiong; Su, Cuilin; Li, Jinglin

2018-01-01

Background: After the promotion of the two-child policy in recent years, the population of children in mainland China was bound to have a rapid growth, which would bring great challenges to public health. A number of cross-sectional studies on the epidemic of childhood asthma in mainland China were recently conducted, and varied prevalences were reported. Thus, knowing the epidemiology of childhood asthma in mainland China is of great necessity. Objective: Our study aimed to summarize the pooled prevalence of childhood asthma in mainland China and its time trend, gender difference, regional distribution, and age structure. Methods: Studies that reported the prevalence of childhood asthma in mainland China were identified via a systematic data base search through July 1, 2016. Meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of childhood asthma and its subgroups, including gender, age groups, years, and regions. The regional distribution of the prevalence was set by province with the help of a geographic mapping software. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to predict the current prevalence of asthma. Results: A total of 117 studies published from 1988 to 2014 in mainland China with a total sample size of 2,678,696 were included. The overall current prevalence and lifetime prevalence of childhood asthma was 2.112% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.977–2.247%) and 2.502% (95% CI, 2.166–2.838%), respectively. The difference of the prevalences between male and female patients was significant: odds ratio 1.54 (95% CI, 1.47–1.62) for the current prevalence and odds ratio 1.61 (95% CI, 1.47–1.77) for the lifetime prevalence. Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood asthma in mainland China was low but has been increasing remarkably since 1998. Boys are more likely to have asthma throughout most of their childhood. Preschoolers (3–6 years old) showed a higher prevalence than the other age groups. The current prevalence of childhood asthma

Impact of the Spring SST Gradient between the Tropical Indian Ocean and Western Pacific on Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Frequency in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Lei; Chen, Guanghua

2018-06-01

The present study identifies a significant influence of the sea surface temperature gradient (SSTG) between the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO; 15°S-15°N, 40°-90°E) and the western Pacific warm pool (WWP; 0°-15°N, 125°-155°E) in boreal spring on tropical cyclone (TC) landfall frequency in mainland China in boreal summer. During the period 1979-2015, a positive spring SSTG induces a zonal inter-basin circulation anomaly with lower-level convergence, mid-tropospheric ascendance and upper-level divergence over the west-central TIO, and the opposite situation over the WWP, which produces lower-level anomalous easterlies and upper-level anomalous westerlies between the TIO and WWP. This zonal circulation anomaly further warms the west-central TIO by driving warm water westward and cools the WWP by inducing local upwelling, which facilitates the persistence of the anomaly until the summer. Consequently, lower-level negative vorticity, strong vertical wind shear and lower-level anticyclonic anomalies prevail over most of the western North Pacific (WNP), which decreases the TC genesis frequency. Meanwhile, there is an anomalous mid-tropospheric anticyclone over the main WNP TC genesis region, meaning a westerly anomaly dominates over coastal regions of mainland China, which is unfavorable for steering TCs to make landfall in mainland China during summer. This implies that the spring SSTG may act as a potential indicator for TC landfall frequency in mainland China.

A statistical study on seismo-ionospheric precursors in the total electron content of global ionosphere map associated with M×6.0 earthquakes in the West Pacific region during 1998-2012

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jann-Yenq; Chen, Koichi; Tsai, Ho-Fang; Hattori, Katsumi; Le, Huijun

2013-04-01

This paper reports statistical results of seismo-ionospheric precursors (SIPs) of the total electron content (TEC) in the global ionosphere map (GIM) over the epicenter of earthquakes with magnitude 6 and greater in China, Japan, and Taiwan during 1998-2012. To detect SIP, a quartile-based (i.e. median-based) process is performed. The earthquakes are sub-divided into various regions to have a better understanding on SIP characteristics, as well as examined with and without being led by magnetic storms to confirm the SIP existence. Results show that the SIPs mainly are the TEC significant increase in Japan, and decrease in Taiwan and China, respectively, which suggests the latitudinal effect playing an important role. Meanwhile, for a practical application of monitoring SIPs, the GIM TEC at a fixed point is tested. Results show that multi monitoring points and/or a spatial observation are required to enhance the SIP detection.

Selected Reference Books of 1998-99.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIlvaine, Eileen

1999-01-01

Presents an annotated bibliography of selected reference books published between 1998 and 1999 under subject headings for biography, journalism, mythology, languages and literature, architecture and city planning, political science, economics, history, and new editions and supplements. (LRW)

A study on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder in flood victim parents and children in Hunan, China.

PubMed

Li, Xinhua; Huang, Xin; Tan, Hongzhuan; Liu, Aizhong; Zhou, Jia; Yang, Tubao

2010-06-01

To explore the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in flood victim parents and children in Hunan, China. Using the method of multistage cluster random sampling, we conducted a retrospective investigation on 3,698 families in Hunan, China who suffered from flooding in 1998. Investigators held face-to-face interviews with the parents and children of the families. The diagnosis of PTSD was made according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. The comparison of rate of PTSD positive in the groups of children with different characteristics was done by chi-square test. In the evaluation of the impact of parent PTSD on PTSD in their children, we used a multivariable logistic regression model to re-estimate the adjusted Odds Ratio and its confidence interval. We did this after the possible confounding variables were adjusted for. Additionally, the Odds Ratio and its confidence interval were estimated under the condition of a single variable. A total of 4,327 children and the parents of 3,292 families were included for analysis; 203 (4.7%) of 4,327 children and 740 (11.2%) of 6,584 parents were diagnosed with PTSD. We found that the PTSD positive rate is significantly higher in the children with disaster-related experience. The rate of beating their children in PTSD positive fathers (54.9%) was higher than that of PTSD negative fathers (51.2%). No correlation was found between mothers' PTSD and beating their children. The risk of developing PTSD is higher for children living in the families with PTSD parents. The rate of PTSD in 7-14-year-old children is 4.7% in areas in Hunan, China, who suffered from flooding in 1998. The possibility for children to develop PTSD is increased in families with PTSD parents.

Indigenous Affairs = Asuntos Indigenas, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Indigenous Affairs, 1998

1998-01-01

This document contains the four 1998 English-language issues of Indigenous Affairs and the four corresponding issues in Spanish. These periodicals provide a resource on the history, current conditions, and struggles for self-determination and human rights of indigenous peoples around the world. The first issue is a theme issue on the indigenous…

Deaths: Final Data for 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Sherry L.

2000-01-01

This report presents final 1998 data on U.S. deaths and death rates according to demographic and medical characteristics such as age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, state of residence, and cause of death. Trends and patterns in general mortality, life expectancy, and infant and maternal…

Campus Child Care News, 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, Marion F., Ed.

1998-01-01

This document is comprised of the three 1998 issues of a newsletter disseminating information on the National Coalition for Campus Child Care Centers (NCCCC) and providing a forum for news, research, and information concerning campus child care centers. The February issue contains stories on the White House Conference on Child Care, registration…

Asset Management Plan: 1998-2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jefferson County School District R-1, Denver, CO.

The Jefferson County School District (Denver, Colorado) presents its final scheduling and funding source information for the 1998-2003 capital improvement program and the status of the 1992-1997 completed capital improvement project costs compared to the budget. Funding data are detailed for each of the district's 182 public schools, special use…

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated by coupling a mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed, land surface model, PLACE (the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange). The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The control simulation with the PLACE land surface model and variable sea surface temperature captured the basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. Sensitivity tests indicated that simulations were sigmficantly improved by including the PLACE land surface model. The mechanism by which the land surface processes affect the moisture transport and the convection during the onset of the southeast Asian monsoon were analyzed. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation: the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-china peninsula and the northern, cold frontal intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes modified the low-level temperature distribution and gradient, and therefore the low-level wind due to the thermal wind effect. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the detailed, land surface model improved the low-level wind simulation apd associated moisture transport and convection.

Simulation of the Onset of the Southeast Asian Monsoon during 1997 and 1998: The Impact of Surface Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, W.-K.; Lau, K.-M.; Wetzel, Peter J.

2004-01-01

The onset of the southeast Asian monsoon during 1997 and 1998 was simulated by coupling a mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) and a detailed, land surface model, PLACE (the Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange). The rainfall results from the simulations were compared with observed satellite data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project). The control simulation with the PLACE land surface model and variable sea surface temperature captured the basic signatures of the monsoon onset processes and associated rainfall statistics. Sensitivity tests indicated that simulations were significantly improved by including the PLACE land surface model. The mechanism by which the land surface processes affect the moisture transport and the convection during the onset of the southeast Asian monsoon were analyzed. The results indicated that land surface processes played an important role in modifying the low-level wind field over two major branches of the circulation: the southwest low-level flow over the Indo-China peninsula and the northern, cold frontal intrusion from southern China. The surface sensible and latent heat fluxes modified the low-level temperature distribution and merit, and therefore the low-level wind due to the thermal wind effect. The more realistic forcing of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the detailed, land surface model improved the low-level wind simulation and associated moisture transport and convection.

Statistical Report of Kentucky Public Libraries, Fiscal Year 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bank, Jay, Comp.

This report contains statistical information on Kentucky public libraries for fiscal year 1997-1998 taken from the Annual Report of Public Libraries. The report is separated into seven sections: summary of library statistics for the most recent year (1998) and comparisons with the three prior years; graphs showing statistical trends in library…

Suicide and self-inflicted injury hospitalizations in Canada (1979 to 2014/15).

PubMed

Skinner, R; McFaull, S; Draca, J; Frechette, M; Kaur, J; Pearson, C; Thompson, W

2016-11-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe the trends and patterns of self-inflicted injuries, available from Canadian administrative data between 1979 and 2014/15, in order to inform and improve suicide prevention efforts. Suicide mortality and hospital separation data were retrieved from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) holdings of Statistics Canada's Canadian Vital Statistics: Death Database (CVS:D) (1979 to 2012); Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System (CANSIM 2011, 2012); the Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB) (1994/95 to 2010/11); and the Discharge Abstract Database (2011/12 to 2014/15). Mortality and hospitalization counts and rates were reported by sex, 5-year age groups and method. The Canadian suicide rate (males and females combined, all ages, age-sex standardized rate) has decreased from 14.4/100 000 (n = 3355) in 1979 to 10.4/100 000 (n = 3926) in 2012, with an annual percent change (APC) of -1.2% (95% CI: -1.3 to -1.0). However, this trend was not observed in both sexes: female suicide rates stabilized around 1990, while male rates continued declining over time-yet males still accounted for 75.7% of all suicides in 2012. Suffocation (hanging and strangulation) was the primary method of suicide (46.9%) among Canadians of all ages in 2012, followed by poisoning at 23.3%. In the 2014/15 fiscal year, there were 13 438 hospitalizations in Canada (excluding Quebec) associated with self-inflicted injuries-over 3 times the number of suicides. Over time females have displayed consistently higher rates of hospitalization for self-inflicted injury than males, with 63% of the total. Poisoning was reported as the most frequent means of self-inflicted harm in the fiscal year 2014/15, at 86% of all hospitalizations. Suicides and self-inflicted injuries continue to be a serious - but preventable - public health problem that requires ongoing surveillance.

A Survey of Medical Technology Graduates of Illinois State University: 1972-1979.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spencer, Charles T.

A sample of 170 graduates of the medical technology program at Illinois State University was surveyed to investigate their educational background and their employment history. A total of 228 questionnaires were mailed to all graduates from 1972 through 1979. The demographic data of the ratio of females to males in the field of medical technology…

Temporal Trends and Geographic Patterns of Teen Suicide in Alaska, 1979-1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gessner, Bradford D.

1997-01-01

Reports on several hypotheses regarding the overall suicide rate during 1979-1993 among Alaska resident 14-19 years of age. Results indicate that suicide rates varied up to sixfold by race, gender, and local census area of residence. Alaska Native males, in particular, had one of the higher documented suicide rates in the world. (RJM)

Tantalum recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cunningham, Larry D.

2001-01-01

This report describes the flow of tantalum in the United States in 1998 with emphasis on the extent to which tantalum was recycled/reused. Tantalum was mostly recycled from new scrap that was generated during the manufacture of tantalum-related electronic components and new and old scrap products of tantalum-containing cemented carbides and superalloys. In 1998, about 210 metric tons of tantalum was recycled/reused, with about 43% derived from old scrap. The tantalum recycling rate was calculated to be 21%, and tantalum scrap recycling efficiency, 35%.

Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Czech Schoolchildren from 1998 to 2014.

PubMed

Hamřík, Zdeněk; Sigmundová, Dagmar; Pavelka, Jan; Kalman, Michal; Sigmund, Erik

2017-07-01

Overweight and obesity in adolescents is associated with many health risks and considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2014. Data from five self-reported survey rounds (1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) were used to assess trends in overweight and obesity among Czech adolescents. The total sample consisted of 19,103 adolescents (51.2% girls). A logistic regression analysis was used to assess trends in different age and gender categories. From 1998 to 2014 a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed among boys in all age categories (11 years old 22.2% 1998 - 28.3% 2014 ; 13 years old 17.9% 1998 - 26.7% 2014 ; 15 years old 9.8% 1998 - 20.8% 2014 ) and among 15-year-old girls (6.0% 1998 - 10.9% 2014 ). None of the age and gender categories showed an overall decrease over the 16-year period. In boys, the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher with steeper negative trends compared with girls. However, stabilization in overweight rates was observed between 2010 and 2014 in all age and gender groups. Nationally representative self-reported data show a significant increase in overweight (including obesity) prevalence among children from 1998 to 2014 in the Czech Republic. The results also suggest stabilization in overweight prevalence between 2010 and 2014. Continuing research is needed to determine future trends while interventions aimed at reducing overweight and obesity in children should be implemented on different levels of public policy. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

Electronic and Solid State Sciences. Program Summary, FY 1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

tcl I amle Y -nenLr lt, 5m15 ho i’rmwn ain I teasiurir<, aLn-i the slcow coni- 24 version ,C )rthohydro,.en to parahy,.iroo:en permits u i que...discrete devices, and in new oscillator circuits in which the turn-on delay of the CFT is what determines the frequency of oscillation. Recent Publications...Hialmarson, Ph.D. Thesis , University of Illinois (1979). 4. "N Trap in the Semiconductor Alloys GaAsl-xPx and AlxGalw.As", D.J. Wofford, J.D. Dow, W.Y

Chien-Shiung Wu: An Icon of Physicist and Woman Scientist in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Yuelin

2014-03-01

Chien-Shiung Wu, the first female president of APS, is a well-known figure in China, a figure who serves as an inspiration for youths, especially young women, to study science and particularly physics. In this presentation, a historical perspective will be used to show how such an icon was formed. Born in 1912, the year of the Republic Revolution, Wu was in the first generation of physicists in China and her college mentor was a student of Marie Curie. When Wu came to the U.S. for graduate studies in the 1930s, it was a ``golden age'' for nuclear physics, and the invention of the cyclotron by E. O. Lawrence put UC Berkeley at the frontier. Wu was trained there, with Lawrence as her advisor, and later became an expert in Beta-decay. In 1956, Wu conceived and initiated the experiment of Cobalt-60, which, together with other two experiments, eventually proved the asymmetry of parity in weak-interactions, a hypothesis proposed by T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang. The importance of the experiment gained Wu an enormous reputation which spread even to China, when this was a period of hostility in Sino-American relations, and near total isolation due to the Cold-War. Wu was the daughter of a revolutionary, and an activist in college in patriotic student movements, and she combined this background with her scientific career as the way of ``Saving China with Science,'' a common belief reflecting the Zeitgeist of her time. Although she spent most of her life in the U.S., Wu never wavered in her love for or loyalty to her motherland. Her patriotism, as well as her scientific achievement, made Wu a legend in China, being called ``the Chinese Madam Curie.'' Even during the Cultural Revolution, a novel supposedly taking Wu as the original model was very popular in underground circles, widely spread by hand-written-copies. From 1979-1988, the CUSPEA program enrolled hundreds of China's best graduate students into physics departments in American universities. Although Wu herself was not

Geological monitoring of Surtsey, Iceland, 1967-1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jakobsson, Sveinn P.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur; Moore, James G.

2000-01-01

Aspects of the geological monitoring of the volcanic island of Surtsey 1967-1998, are described. A hydrothermal system was developed within the tephra craters in late 1966 to early 1967. Temperatures in a drill hole, situated at the eastern border of the hydrothermal area, indicate that the hydrothermal system at that site has been cooling at an average rate of ≤ 1°C per year since 1980. The tephra was altered rapidly within the hydrothermal area, producing the first visible palagonite tuff in 1969. A substantial part of the tephra pile above sea level was probably converted to tuff by 1972. The visible area of tuff has gradually increased since then, primarily due to erosion of tephra at the surface. By 1998 52% of the exposed tephra area had been converted to palagonite tuff. By volume, however, some 80-85% of the tephra pile above sea level has been converted to tuff in 1998. The area of Surtsey has shrunk from its original 2.65 km2 (1967) to 1.47 km2 (1998) due to marine abrasion. The geological formations on Surtsey have, however, responded quite variably to erosion. The tephra pile was easily eroded, but marine abrasion. The central core of palagonite tuff is estimated to be ≤0.39 km2. Statistical estimation of models of the decreases of Surtsey indicate that it will last for a long time. The numerical experiments indicate that it will take over 100 years until only the palagonite tuff core is left. It is postulated that the final remnany of Surtsey before complete destruction will be a palagonite tuff crag, comparable to those of the other islands in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago.

Progress toward measles elimination—Philippines, 1998-2014.

PubMed

Takashima, Yoshihiro; Schluter, W William; Mariano, Kayla Mae L; Diorditsa, Sergey; de Quiroz Castro, Maricel; Ou, Alan C; Ducusin, Maria Joyce U; Garcia, Luzviminda C; Elfa, Dulce C; Dabbagh, Alya; Rota, Paul; Goodson, James L

2015-04-10

In 2005, the Regional Committee for the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR) established a goal to eliminate measles by 2012.The recommended elimination strategies in WPR include 1) ≥95% 2-dose coverage with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) through routine immunization services and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs); 2) high-quality case-based measles surveillance; 3) laboratory surveillance with timely and accurate testing of specimens to confirm or discard suspected cases and detect measles virus genotypes; and 4) measles outbreak preparedness, rapid response, and appropriate case management. In the WPR, the Philippines set a national goal in 1998 to eliminate measles by 2008. This report describes progress toward measles elimination in the Philippines during 1998-2014 and challenges remaining to achieve the goal. WHO-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)-estimated coverage with the routine first dose of MCV (MCV1) increased from 80% in 1998 to 90% in 2013, and coverage with the routine second dose of MCV (MCV2) increased from 10% after nationwide introduction in 2010 to 53% in 2013. After nationwide SIAs in 1998 and 2004, historic lows in the numbers and incidence of reported measles cases occurred in 2006. Despite nationwide SIAs in 2007 and 2011, the number of reported cases and incidence generally increased during 2007-2012, and large measles outbreaks occurred during 2013-2014 that affected infants, young children, older children, and young adults and that were prolonged by delayed and geographically limited outbreak response immunization activities during 2013-2014. For the goal of measles elimination in WPR to be achieved, sustained investments are required in the Philippines to strengthen health systems, implement the recommended elimination strategies, and develop additional strategies to identify and reduce measles susceptibility in specific geographic areas and older age groups.

Floods of July 12, 1972, March 19, 1979, and June 15, 1991, in the Turkey River Basin, northeast Iowa

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eash, D.A.; Koppensteiner, B.A.

1996-01-01

Water-surface-elevation profiles and peak discharges for the floods of July 12, 1972, March 19, 1979, and June 15, 1991, in the Turkey River Basin, northeast Iowa, are presented in this report. The profiles illustrate the 1979 and 1991 floods along the Turkey River in Fayette and Clayton Counties and along the Volga River in Clayton County; the 1991 flood along Roberts Creek in Clayton County and along Otter Creek in Fayette County; and the 1972 flood along the Turkey River in Winneshiek and Fayette Counties. Watersurface elevations for the flood of March 19,1979, were collected by the Iowa Natural Resources Council. The June 15, 1991, flood on the Turkey River at Garber (station number 05412500) is the largest known flood-peak discharge at the streamflow-gaging station for the period 1902-95. The peak discharge for June 15, 1991, of 49,900 cubic feet per second was 1.4 times larger than the 100-year recurrence-interval discharge. The report provides information on flood stages and discharges and floodflow frequencies for streamflow-gaging stations in the Turkey River Basin using flood information collected during 1902-95. Information on temporary bench marks and reference points established in the Turkey River Basin during 1981, 1992, and 1996 also is included in the report. A flood history describes rainfall conditions for floods that occurred during 1922, 1947, 1972, 1979, and 1991.

1998-based national population projections for the United Kingdom and constituent countries.

PubMed

Shaw, C

2000-01-01

The 1998-based national population projections, carried out by the Government Actuary in consultation with the Registrars General, show the population of the United Kingdom rising from 59.2 million in 1998 to over 63.5 million by 2021. Longer-term projections suggest the population will peak around 2036 and then gradually start to fall. The population will become gradually older with the median age expected to rise from 36.9 years in 1998 to nearly 42 years by 2021. In 1998, there were 1.4 million (13 per cent) more children aged under 16, than people of pensionable age. However, by 2008, the population of pensionable age is projected to exceed the number of children.

SOME NEW PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR THE IMPERIAL VALLEY 1979 AFTERSHOCKS.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brady, A. Gerald; ,

1983-01-01

This paper describes some of the features of the latest processing improvements that the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is currently applying to strong-motion accelerograms from the national network of permanent stations. At the same time it introduces the application of this processing to the set of Imperial Valley aftershocks recorded following the main shock of October 15, 1979. Earlier processing of the 22 main shock recordings provided corrected accelerations, velocity and displacement, response spectra, and Fourier spectra.

The EDUTECH Report, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EDUTECH Report, 1998

1998-01-01

This document consists of 12 issues of the EDUTECH Report. 1998. The newsletter's purpose is to alert faculty and administrators to issues in educational technology. Each issue contains two feature articles, a page of news briefs, a preview of the upcoming issue, and a question and answer column. Most issues also contain brief quotations on…

Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research (Arlington, Virginia, October 29-30, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fosburg, Linda B., Ed.; Dennis, Deborah L., Ed.

In 1998, one decade after the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act was implemented and research results on the impacts of funding were becoming available, an evaluation of the effectiveness of fifteen programs, which included services such as emergency shelter, primary health care, and education, was needed This report presents 13 papers…

Arizona motor vehicle crash facts, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This publication is a statistical review of the motor vehicle crashes in the State of Arizona for calendar year : 1998. The results are compiled from Arizona Traffic Accident Reports submitted to the Arizona : Department of Transportation by state, c...

Detecting Trends in Tropical Rainfall Characteristics, 1979-2003

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lau, K. M.; Wu, H. T.

2006-01-01

From analyses of blended space-based and ground-based global rainfall data, we found increasing trends in the occurrence of extreme heavy and light rain events, coupled to a decreasing trend in moderate rain events in the tropics during 1979-2003. The trends are consistent with a shift in the large-scale circulation associated with a) a relatively uniform increase in warm rain over the tropical oceans, b) enhanced ice-phase rain over the near-equatorial oceans, and c) reduced mixed-phase rain over the tropical ocean and land regions. Due to the large compensation among different rain categories, the total tropical rainfall trend remained undetectable.

On the relationship between ENSO and tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific during the boreal summer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Haikun; Wang, Chunzai

2018-02-01

The present paper uses the satellite era data from 1979 to 2015 to examine the relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) during the boreal summer from June to August. It is found that WNP TC variability is characterized by two major feature changes: (1) a significant reduction of the TC number since 1998 and (2) a stronger interannual relationship between ENSO and TCs since 1998. Results suggested that such changes are largely due to the synergy effects of a shifting ENSO and the Pacific climate regime shift. Since 1998 with a cool Pacific decadal oscillation phase switching from a warm phase, more La Niña and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events occur. The decreased low-level relative vorticity and increased vertical wind shear during 1998-2015 compared to 1979-1997 are responsible for the TC reduction. The stronger interannual relationship between ENSO and TCs since 1998 is closely associated the change of CP sea surface temperature. It enhances the associations of environmental factors including vertical wind shear and mid-level relative humidity with TCs and thus increases the interannual relationship between ENSO and TCs. These two feature changes also manifest in the mean TC genesis location, with a northwestward shift of the TC genesis location during 1998-2015 and an increased relation to El Niño Modoki index since 1998. This study has an important implication for TC outlooks in the WNP based on climate predictions and projections.

1998 New Mexico traffic crash information

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

This edition of New Mexico Traffic Crash Information reviews : traffic crash data in New Mexico from January through : December, 1998. It presents crash data in the form of graphs : for those who prefer an impressionistic view and tables for : those ...

Suicidal behavior in the Ukraine, 1988-1998.

PubMed

Kryzhanovskaya, L; Pilyagina, G

1999-01-01

This report studies the available data concerning suicide rates in the Ukraine and points to the importance of appropriate monitoring of suicides and attempted suicides. It illustrates the necessity of collecting this information and of developing "The Ukrainian National Program on Suicide Prevention." Unfortunately, suicide research and publications about suicide rates were prohibited in the former Soviet Union, so some of the data about suicidal behavior in the Ukraine is incomplete. We used the official suicide death statistics of the Ukraine from the Center of Statistics (Ukrainian Ministry of Health) for the period 1988-1998. The overall rate of suicide in the Ukraine is relatively high. Official statistics in the Ukraine show that there were 29.6 suicides per 100,000 population in 1998. The frequency of completed suicide differs in the various regions of the country, suicides being more frequent in the industrially developed regions and in the rural areas of the country than in the cities. In the western part of the Ukraine the frequency of suicide is relatively low (11.1 per 100,000). Between 1988 and 1997 the suicide rate increased by 57%. In 1998 the suicide rate for women was approximately five times lower than that for men.

Atmospheric and oceanographic research review, 1979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Papers generated by atmospheric, oceanographic, and climatological research performed during 1979 at the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences are presented. The GARP/global weather research is aimed at developing techniques for the utilization and analysis of the FGGE data sets. Observing system studies were aimed at developing a GLAS TIROS N sounding retrieval system and preparing for the joint NOAA/NASA AMTS simulation study. The climate research objective is to support the development and effective utilization of space acquired data systems by developing the GLAS GCM for short range climate predictions, studies of the sensitivity of climate to boundary conditions, and predictability studies. Ocean/air interaction studies concentrated on the development of models for the prediction of upper ocean currents, temperatures, sea state, mixed layer depths, and upwelling zones, and on studies of the interactions of the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems on time scales of a month or more.

Fish larvae abundance and distribution in the central Gulf of California during strong environmental changes (1997 1998 El Niño and 1998 1999 La Niña)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sánchez-Velasco, Laura; Avalos-García, Carlos; Rentería-Cano, Margarita; Shirasago, Bernardo

2004-03-01

The pelagic ecosystem of the Gulf of California was affected by the 1997-1998 El Niño warming event and the 1998-1999 La Niña cooling. Larval fish abundance and distribution were analyzed in the central Gulf during El Niño (November 1997 and March 1998) and La Niña (November 1998 and March 1999). Mean sea-surface temperature (SST) differed significantly between El Niño and La Niña (P < 0.05), with variations up to 4∘ C. The lowest zooplankton biomass and larval abundance were recorded during El Niño, when species with tropical-subtropical affinity dominated. The Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity Index defined two persisting station groups. The oceanic group, located south of Islas Angel de la Guarda and Tiburón, was strongly co-dominated by Benthosema panamense, Engraulis mordax, and Vinciguerria lucetia larvae in November 1997, whereas larvae of these species together with Triphoturus mexicanus, Sardinops caeruleus, and Scomber japonicus larvae co-dominated in November 1998. Abundances of these last two species were drastically reduced during El Niño. Larval Diogenichthys laternatus, B. panamense, V. lucetia, and T. mexicanus co-dominated the oceanic station group in March 1998, but were less prominent in March 1999, except for V. lucetia, which co-dominated with E. mordax larvae. This situation was associated with the peak of maximum intensity of the La Niña. The second station group, located in the vicinity of Big Islands, was dominated by B. panamense larvae in both Novembers and by E. mordax larvae in both Marches; in both cases this probably was more reflective of high larval abundance in the adjacent oceanic area than a preferential habitat in the Big Islands vicinity. Results suggest that the fish larvae abundance and distribution were altered in different ways by the environmental changes caused by the 1997-1998 El Niño and 1998-1999 La Niña.

1998 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

1998 ANNUAL TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT Microwave imagery of Typhoon Rex (06W) as it passed through the Bonin Islands, taken at 0800Z on 28 August... DAVE ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 5.3 TESTING AND RESULTS...weighting the forecasts given by XTRP and CLIM. 5.2.5.2 DYNAMIC AVERAGE ( DAVE ) A simple average of all dynamic forecast aids: NOGAPS (NGPS), Bracknell

English Leadership Quarterly, 1997-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kiernan, Henry, Ed.

1998-01-01

These six theme issues of the "English Leadership Quarterly" represent those published during 1997 and part of 1998--volume 19 consists of the traditional four issues, while volume 20 consists of only two issues because of a change in publication schedule. Articles in volume 19 number 1 deal with theories, issues, and personal accounts on the…

CH4 exchanges of the natural ecosystems in China during the past three decades: The role of wetland extent and its dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Da; Wang, Xiaodan

2016-09-01

CH4 is the second largest contributor to human-induced global warming. However, large uncertainties still exist regarding the magnitude and temporal variation of CH4 exchanges in China's natural ecosystems, especially under climate changes. In this study, we assessed its uncertainty and temporal variation during 1979-2012, by integrating a biogeochemical model, extensive in situ measurements, and various sources of wetland maps. Uncertainty analyses suggested that previous studies might have underestimated CH4 emissions, primarily due to bias in wetland extents in NE China. After that, 1 km resolution wetland maps were used to drive the model, together with a 0.1° resolution climate data set. The model showed that China's natural wetlands emitted 4.56 ± 1.24 Tg CH4 yr-1 during the 1980s, which decreased to 3.86 ± 1.09 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 2000s, mainly due to wetland drainage in NE China. However, recent glacier-melt-induced wetland expansion has enhanced CH4 emissions by 28% on the Tibetan Plateau since the 1980s. The magnitude of CH4 uptake by the natural ecosystems has remained relatively stable, e.g., -2.57 ± 0.18 and -2.70 ± 0.19 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 1980s and 2000s, respectively. In summary, the net CH4 balance of China's natural ecosystems has shown a decreasing pattern, i.e., 1.99 ± 1.42 and 1.16 ± 1.28 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 1980s and 2000s, respectively, despite distinct regional differences between NE China and the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the correct representation of wetland extent and its dynamics, i.e., wetland drainage in populated regions and wetland expansion in glacier-fed regions, in driving the decadal CH4 exchange magnitude.

Temporal-spatial variations and driving factors analysis of coastal reclamation in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Weiqing; Hu, Beibei; He, Mengxuan; Liu, Baiqiao; Mo, Xunqiang; Li, Hongyuan; Wang, Zhongliang; Zhang, Yu

2017-05-01

Coastal reclamation is the gain of land from the sea or coastal wetlands for agricultural purposes, industrial use or port expansions. Large-scale coastal land reclamation can have adverse effects on the coastal environment, including loss of marine habitats and deterioration of coastal water quality. In recent decades, coastal land reclamation has occurred extensively to meet the increasing needs of rapid economic development and urbanization in China. The overall objective of this study is to understand the coastal reclamation status of China from 1979 to 2014 and analyzed its driving factors for mitigating negative ecological effects. The data of coastal reclamation were done with the ERDAS Imagine V9.2 platform and ArcGIS software based on remote images including Landsat, SPOT, ZY-2 and ZY-3. Potential driving factors for sea reclamation were selected based on statistics bulletins and the knowledge of experts in coastal management. In order to understand the relationships among possible impact factors and coastal reclamation, the Partial Least-Squares Regression models was constructed. The analysis results indicated that the total area of reclamation was 11162.89 km2 based on remote sensing images between 1979 and 2014. Shandong Province is the largest reclamation area, reaching 2736.54 km2, and the reclamation is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Liaoning, where the reclamation areas were all more than 1000 km2. According to the remote sensing images, there are three coastal reclamation hotspot regions including Bohai bay (in which is located Liaoning, Tianjin and Hebei), Jiangsu province coastal area and Hangzhou bay (in Zhejiang province). A large scale land reclamation plan of more than 5880 km2 has been made by local government and 2469 km2 has approved by the State Council. From the analyzed results, there is a significant collinearity between these indicators, and no significant correlation between the area of reclamation and selected

Architecture for Change: Information as Foundation. 1998 AAHE Assessment Conference (Cincinnati, OH, June 13-17, 1998).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Margaret A.; Ehrmann, Stephen C.; Rohan, Sue; Eaton, Judith S.; Mac Gregor, Jean; Wergin, Jon F.; Alberts, Bruce

The seven speeches in these proceedings were presented at the 1998 American Association for Higher Education conference on assessment. "Blueprints" sets out the architecture of the conference with four "strands," each focusing on one level of information. The first is assessment of pedagogies in the classroom, on campus, and…

Major Natural Disasters in China, 1985–2014: Occurrence and Damages

PubMed Central

Han, Weixiao; Liang, Chen; Jiang, Baofa; Ma, Wei; Zhang, Ying

2016-01-01

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of natural disasters and associated losses from 1985 to 2014. The Mann-Kendall method was used to detect any long-term trends and abrupt changes. Hotspot analysis was conducted to detect the spatial clusters of disasters. We found an increasing trend in the occurrence of integrated natural disasters (tau = 0.594, p < 0.001), particularly for floods (tau = 0.507, p < 0.001), landslides (tau = 0.365, p = 0.009) and storms (tau = 0.289, p = 0.032). Besides, there was an abrupt increase of natural disasters in 1998–2000. Hotspots of droughts, floods, landslides and storms were identified in central, southern, southwest and southeast areas of China, respectively. Annual deaths from integrated natural disasters were decreasing (tau = −0.237, p = 0.068) at about 32 persons/year, decreasing at 17 persons/year for floods (tau = −0.154, p = 0.239), and decreasing at approximately 12 persons/year for storms (tau = −0.338, p = 0.009). No significant trend was detected in inflation-adjusted damages while a declining trend was detected in the ratio of year damage against GDP (gross domestic product). In conclusion, there has been an increasing trend in occurrence of natural disasters in China with the absence of an increase in life and economic losses. Despite the progress in the disaster adaption, there will be great challenges in disaster control for China in the future. PMID:27834899

Gold recycling in the United States in 1998

USGS Publications Warehouse

Amey, Earle B.

2001-01-01

In 1998, 175 metric tons (t) of refined gold was recovered by U.S. refiners from old and new scrap. The overall recycling rate was 29 percent when scrap consumption was compared with apparent domestic supply. Sources of old scrap includes discarded jewelry, dental materials, plating solutions, and electronic equipment. A very high old scrap recycling efficiency of 96 percent was reached in 1998, the supply of old scrap peaked, gold prices were at an 18-year low, and substantial amounts of old scrap were exported. U.S. net exports of old scrap had a gold content of 28 t.

The Virginia highway construction and maintenance fund : a survey of revenue sources, 1978-1979.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-01-01

This report describes the sources of state monies that make up the State Highway Construction and Maintenance Fund. The report shows that a total of $521,731,812 was collected by five state agencies during fiscal year 1978-1979. The Department of Mot...

Fisheries impacts on China's coastal ecosystems: Unmasking a pervasive ‘fishing down’ effect

PubMed Central

Pauly, Daniel

2017-01-01

Intensive fishing can strongly impact marine ecosystems; among other things, it usually causes the mean trophic level of the catches to decline, an indicator of the occurrence of the ‘fishing down’ (FD) phenomenon. Although FD occurs throughout the world oceans, it can easily be masked by diverse factors, which has misled authors as to its generality. In this contribution, which uses the East China Sea as an example, we explore the masking effect on FD of the taxonomic coarseness of catch data, of assuming that individual sizes remain constant after intensive fishing, and the geographic expansion of fisheries. The result showed that all of these masking factors occur in the East China Sea, where only a few species are reported separately and the bulk of the catch is pooled into non-informative ‘mixed fishes’. Also, the small mesh sizes and intensive fishing have reduced the sizes of fish and their trophic levels, while the fisheries have expanded offshore. Overall, taking the masking factors into account, the fishing down effect, i.e., the decline of the mean trophic level of the catch between 1979 and 2014 is in the order of 0.15 TL per decade, i.e., one of the highest estimates of FD in the world. Some ecological implications are presented. PMID:28267755

Ontario Universities Statistical Compendium, 1970-71 to 1979-80. Part A, Macro-Indicators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Ontario Universities, Toronto.

Macro-indicators concerning finances of Ontario universities for 1970-71 to 1979-80 are considered, along with supporting data that might be used to generate such indicators, and complementary analyses that might be used to enhance understanding of both indicators and data. Operating revenue in constant dollars has been identified per…