Fifty Years Later: Comments on the Further Development of a Science of Verbal Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leigland, Sam

2007-01-01

Fifty years after the publication of Skinner's "Verbal Behavior", some possibilities for the future of Skinner's "science of verbal behavior" are considered. Specifically, certain areas of development or advancement are examined which might be of special importance to the expansion and influence of the functional analysis of verbal behavior.…

FOREWORD: Fifty years of atomic time-keeping: 1955 to 2005

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quinn, Terry

2005-06-01

The year 2005 is the centenary of Einstein's four famous papers that were published in 1905. This anniversary is being widely celebrated all over the world and, indeed, 2005 has been dubbed World Year of Physics. The year 2005, however, also marks the fiftieth anniversary of the first operation of Essen and Parry's caesium beam atomic frequency standard at the NPL in May 1955. While Einstein's papers signalled a revolution in physics and in our understanding of the natural world, the first atomic clock signalled a revolution in time-keeping that has become, among other things, one of the most powerful tools in pushing back the frontiers of Einstein's theories of special and general relativity. The atomic clock has also had consequences for navigation comparable to those brought about by Harrison's mechanical clocks almost exactly two hundred years before. Harrison's H3 was completed in 1757 and H4 in 1759. The atomic clock, and the creation of an atomic time scale that quickly followed, led ten years later to the adoption of an atomic definition for the SI second in Resolution 1 of the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures, 1967/68. This marked the end of time-keeping based on the movements of the heavenly bodies that had beaten the rhythm of the days and the seasons since the dawn of human civilization. Fifty years on is a good occasion to look back, to look forward and at the same time to examine where we are today, in terms of measuring time. While we still arrange for our atomic clocks to show noon when the sun is overhead on the Greenwich meridian, everything else has changed in the fifty years since 1955. In this special issue of Metrologia the reader will find articles on the development of the atomic clock, its theory and practice, how the first atomic time scale was devised and formally introduced and how we maintain atomic time today, as well as articles looking forward to even more accurate clocks and time scales. Included also are articles on

L'etat, c'est moi. Fifty years of history and philosophy of evolutionary biology.

PubMed

Ruse, Michael

2016-01-01

I reflect on my fifty-year history as a philosopher of biology, showing how it has taken me from rather narrow analytic studies, through the history of ideas, and now on to issues to do with science and religion. I argue that moral concerns were and still are a major motivation behind what I do and write. Copyright: © 2016 by Fabrizio Serra editore, Pisa · Roma.

Sugar maple provenance study: West Virginia outplanting - 10-year results

Treesearch

G. W. Wendel; W. J. Gabriel

1980-01-01

After 10 years, survival of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) provenances outplanted in West Virginia did not differ significantly. Total height, height growth and dbh measurements were significantly different among provenances. Fifty percent of the trees had major forks below 9.0 feet. Thirty-eight percent of the trees had no forks but 71 percent...

Fifty Years of Progress, 1937-1987 [Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL, LBNL)

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Budinger, T. F. (ed.)

1987-01-01

This booklet was prepared for the 50th anniversary of medical and biological research at the Donner Laboratory and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California. The intent is to present historical facts and to highlight important facets of fifty years of accomplishments in medical and biological sciences. A list of selected scientific publications from 1937 to 1960 is included to demonstrate the character and lasting importance of early pioneering work. The organizational concept is to show the research themes starting with the history, then discoveries of medically important radionuclides, then the use of accelerated charged particles in therapy, next human physiology studies then sequentially studies of biology from tissues to macromolecules; and finally studies of the genetic code.

Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker: A Fifty-Year Friendship*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassidy, David C.

2015-03-01

This paper follows Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker during their fifty-year friendship from 1926, when they first met in Copenhagen, to Heisenberg's death in Munich in 1976. The relationship underwent profound changes during that period, as did physics, philosophy, and German society and politics, all of which exerted important influences on their lives, work, and interactions with each other. The nature of these developments and their impact are explored in this paper.

Initial effects from re-introducing fire in Alabama montane longleaf stands: fifty years since last burn

Treesearch

Sharon M. Hermann; John S. Kush

2010-01-01

In 2006, after more than fifty years with no burns, the National Park Service reintroduced fire in montane longleaf pine stands at Horseshoe Bend National Military Park in central AL. Residual longleaf pine stands indicates that this tree once dominated many slopes. The prolonged period of fire exclusion resulted in accumulation of duff and litter that exceeds 4 to 5...

Venice: Fifty years after the great flood of November 4, 1966

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizzoli, P. M.

2017-12-01

Fifty years ago Venice and its lagoon suffered the most devastating flood in their millennial history. The causes of the increasingly recurring floods will be examined, namely the man-induced subsidence in the period 1925-1970 and the storm surges of the Adriatic sea. The engineering solution designed for their protection , named the MOSE system, will be discussed in detail. The MOSE was started in 2003 and is near completion. It consists of four barriers , invisible in normal conditions, which will close the inlets to the lagoon under the prediction of a forthcoming flood. Finally, the perspective of the MOSE capability of protecting the city under scenarios of future global sea level rise will be assessed. This assessment must critically take into account that Venice and its lagoon are confined in the northernmost corner of the semi-enclosed, marginal Mediterranean sea for which the uncertainties of future sea level rise greatly exceed the uncertainties of the global averages.

The Research of Dr. Joanne Simpson: Fifty Years Investigating Hurricanes, Tropical Clouds and Cloud Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tao, W. -K.; Halverson, J.; Adler, R.; Garstang, M.; Houze, R., Jr.; LeMone, M.; Pielke, R., Sr.; Woodley, W.; O'C.Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

This AMS Meteorological Monographs is dedicated to Dr. Joanne Simpson for her many pioneering research efforts in tropical meteorology during her fifty-year career. Dr. Simpson's major areas of scientific research involved the "hot tower" hypothesis and its role in hurricanes, structure and maintenance of trade winds, air-sea interaction, and observations and the mechanism for hurricanes and waterspouts. She was also a pioneer in cloud modeling with the first one-dimensional model and had the first cumulus model on a computer. She also played a major role in planning and leading observational experiments on convective cloud systems. The launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, a joint U.S.-Japan project, in November of 1997 made it possible for quantitative measurements of tropical rainfall to be obtained on a continuous basis over the entire global tropics. Dr. Simpson was the TRAM Project Scientist from 1986 until its launch in 1997. Her efforts during this crucial period ensured that the mission was both well planned scientifically and well engineered as well as within budget. In this paper, Dr. J. Simpson's nine specific accomplishments during her fifty-year career: (1) hot tower hypothesis, (2) hurricanes, (3) airflow and clouds over heated islands, (4) cloud models, (5) trade winds and their role in cumulus development, (6) air-sea interaction, (7) cloud-cloud interactions and mergers, (8) waterspouts, and (9) TRMM science, will be described and discussed.

Fifty Years of Space Weather Forecasting from Boulder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, T. E.

2015-12-01

The first official space weather forecast was issued by the Space Disturbances Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, in 1965, ushering in an era of operational prediction that continues to this day. Today, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) charters the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) as one of the nine National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to provide the nation's official watches, warnings, and alerts of space weather phenomena. SWPC is now integral to national and international efforts to predict space weather events, from the common and mild, to the rare and extreme, that can impact critical technological infrastructure. In 2012, the Strategic National Risk Assessment included extreme space weather events as low-to-medium probability phenomena that could, unlike any other meteorogical phenomena, have an impact on the government's ability to function. Recognizing this, the White House chartered the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to produce the first comprehensive national strategy for the prediction, mitigation, and response to an extreme space weather event. The implementation of the National Strategy is ongoing with NOAA, its partners, and stakeholders concentrating on the goal of improving our ability to observe, model, and predict the onset and severity of space weather events. In addition, work continues with the research community to improve our understanding of the physical mechanisms - on the Sun, in the heliosphere, and in the Earth's magnetic field and upper atmosphere - of space weather as well as the effects on critical infrastructure such as electrical power transmission systems. In fifty years, people will hopefully look back at the history of operational space weather prediction and credit our efforts today with solidifying the necessary developments in observational systems, full-physics models of the entire Sun-Earth system, and tools for predicting the impacts to infrastructure to protect

Fifty-Year Record of Glacier Change Reveals Shifting Climate in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2009-01-01

Fifty years of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research on glacier change shows recent dramatic shrinkage of glaciers in three climatic regions of the United States. These long periods of record provide clues to the climate shifts that may be driving glacier change. The USGS Benchmark Glacier Program began in 1957 as a result of research efforts during the International Geophysical Year (Meier and others, 1971). Annual data collection occurs at three glaciers that represent three climatic regions in the United States: South Cascade Glacier in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State; Wolverine Glacier on the Kenai Peninsula near Anchorage, Alaska; and Gulkana Glacier in the interior of Alaska (fig. 1).

Organ Transplantation and the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act: A Fifty-Year Perspective.

PubMed

Sadler, Blair L; Sadler, Alfred M

2018-03-01

Fifty years ago this summer, the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act was adopted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and approved by the American Bar Association. The UAGA has provided a sound and stable legal platform on which to base an effective nationwide organ donation system. The cardinal principles of altruism, autonomy, and public trust are still important. At a time when confidence and trust in our government and many private institutions has declined, maintaining trust and confidence in our health care system and its commitment to "first, do no harm" has never been more important. Any policies that override these core ethical principles could cause irreparable damage to the public's faith in our transplant system. While progress has been made to increase organ registration and the number of organs transplanted, much more must be done to realize the potential of life-saving therapy without jeopardizing ethical principles. © 2018 The Hastings Center.

The continuous time random walk, still trendy: fifty-year history, state of art and outlook

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kutner, Ryszard; Masoliver, Jaume

2017-03-01

In this article we demonstrate the very inspiring role of the continuous-time random walk (CTRW) formalism, the numerous modifications permitted by its flexibility, its various applications, and the promising perspectives in the various fields of knowledge. A short review of significant achievements and possibilities is given. However, this review is still far from completeness. We focused on a pivotal role of CTRWs mainly in anomalous stochastic processes discovered in physics and beyond. This article plays the role of an extended announcement of the Eur. Phys. J. B Special Issue [years-on">http://epjb.epj.org/open-calls-for-papers/123-epj-b/1090-ctrw-50-years-on] containing articles which show incredible possibilities of the CTRWs. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Continuous Time Random Walk Still Trendy: Fifty-year History, Current State and Outlook", edited by Ryszard Kutner and Jaume Masoliver.

Through the Looking Glass: Adult Education through the Lens of the Australian Journal of Adult Learning over Fifty Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Roger; Morrison, Anne

2011-01-01

In this paper we review fifty years of articles published in Australian Journal of Adult Learning in its various iterations. We examine the different roles of the journal: to illuminate the history and trends of adult education authors; to be the flagship of the adult education profession in Australia; to reflect on significant national events;…

The Fifties Revival.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kodz, J.; Kersley, B.; Bates, P.

By 2011, 53 percent of the total population in Great Britain will be aged over 45; however, in recent years the proportion of labor market participants over 50 has declined significantly. Older workers have access to fewer training and development opportunities at work but are less likely to take short-term sickness absence and more likely to be…

Age-dependent salt hypertension in Dahl rats: fifty years of research.

PubMed

Zicha, J; Dobešová, Z; Vokurková, M; Rauchová, H; Hojná, S; Kadlecová, M; Behuliak, M; Vaněčková, I; Kuneš, J

2012-01-01

Fifty years ago, Lewis K. Dahl has presented a new model of salt hypertension - salt-sensitive and salt-resistant Dahl rats. Twenty years later, John P. Rapp has published the first and so far the only comprehensive review on this rat model covering numerous aspects of pathophysiology and genetics of salt hypertension. When we summarized 25 years of our own research on Dahl/Rapp rats, we have realized the need to outline principal abnormalities of this model, to show their interactions at different levels of the organism and to highlight the ontogenetic aspects of salt hypertension development. Our attention was focused on some cellular aspects (cell membrane function, ion transport, cell calcium handling), intra- and extrarenal factors affecting renal function and/or renal injury, local and systemic effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial and smooth muscle changes responsible for abnormal vascular contraction or relaxation, altered balance between various vasoconstrictor and vasodilator systems in blood pressure maintenance as well as on the central nervous and peripheral mechanisms involved in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis. We also searched for the age-dependent impact of environmental and pharmacological interventions, which modify the development of high blood pressure and/or organ damage, if they influence the salt-sensitive organism in particular critical periods of development (developmental windows). Thus, severe self-sustaining salt hypertension in young Dahl rats is characterized by pronounced dysbalance between augmented sympathetic hyperactivity and relative nitric oxide deficiency, attenuated baroreflex as well as by a major increase of residual blood pressure indicating profound remodeling of resistance vessels. Salt hypertension development in young but not in adult Dahl rats can be attenuated by preventive increase of potassium or calcium intake. On the contrary, moderate salt hypertension in adult Dahl rats is

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Henry Norris Russell Lecture: Fifty Years of Novae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burbidge, E. M.

1999-05-01

It is easy to pick out my most memorable meeting of the AAS: the 149th meeting held in January, 1977, and hosted by the University of Hawaii, in Honolulu, HI. It was the meeting at which two traditions of the Society were broken, and we moved into the era of equal opportunity for women astronomers. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin received the highest award of the AAS: the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship. This award had never before been available to women, otherwise Cecilia would, years earlier, have been honored for the many achievements in her lifetime of renowned astronomical research. And I, the first woman to be elected President of the AAS, had the honor of presenting the illuminated scroll to Cecilia, and of introducing her on the platform where she delivered the Henry Norris Russell Prize Lecture, entitled ``Fifty Years of Novae"(1) . Cecilia opened by comparing the experience of young and old scientists in achieving exciting results from their research, and then led us through the history of the discoveries of and about some famous novae. She described the physical picture that emerged from studies of their light curves, their spectra, and the discovery of their binary nature. Three important tables were included, listing data on cataclysmic binaries (dwarf novae) and their link to the nova phenomenon in general. She recalled that she and Sergei Gaposchkin had hesitated between the names catastrophic and cataclysmic for the dwarf novae, and decided on the latter, from the dictionary definitions of those two terms: ``a cataclysm is a great and general flood" while a catastrophe ``is a final event". The nova phenomenon is recurrent, as are the dwarf novae, and both involve an outpouring of a flood of energy. She concluded by describing her 50 years' experience with novae as presenting ``the contemporary portrait of a nova", rather than a final picture, and by forecasting that the next 50 years of discovering and studying novae will be as full of surprises as the

Psychological Resources and Self-rated Health Status on Fifty-year-old Women

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Objectives The aim of the study is to expand knowledge about predictors of the self-rated health and mental health in fifty-year-old women. The study exploring links between self-rated mental/health and optimism, self-esteem, acceptance of the changes in physical look and some sociodemographic factors. Methods Participants in this study were 209 women aged 50 to 59. A single-items measures of self-rated health and mental health were used. Self-esteem was measured through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; optimism through the OPEB questionnaire; acceptance of the changes in physical look was rated by respondents on a seven-point scale. Participants were also asked about weight loss attempts, the amount of leisure time, and going on vacation during the last year. Results Predictors of the self-rated mental health in women in the age range of 50 to 59 were: acceptance of the changes in physical look, self-esteem and optimism. Predictors of the self-rated health were: optimism and acceptance of the changes in physical look. Conclusion Optimism and acceptance of the changes in physical look seem to be important factors that may impact subjective health both physical and mental of women in their 50s. The role of the leisure time and vacation in instilling the subjective health requires further investigation. PMID:26793678

An Ode to Stuart Hall's "The Supply of Demand": The Case of Post-Secondary Education in Ontario Fifty Years Later

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

FitzGerald Murphy, Maggie

2016-01-01

Despite the fact that over fifty years have passed since its publication, Stuart Hall's article "The Supply of Demand" (1960), is remarkably relevant today. The central message that society must not be blinded by "prosperity" such that it no longer envisions and demands a better world is especially pertinent in light of the…

Moderating the Enthusiasm of Sleeve Gastrectomy: Up to Fifty Percent of Reflux Symptoms After Ten Years in a Consecutive Series of One Hundred Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomies.

PubMed

Mandeville, Yannick; Van Looveren, Ruth; Vancoillie, Peter-Jan; Verbeke, Xander; Vandendriessche, Katrien; Vuylsteke, Patrick; Pattyn, Paul; Smet, Bart

2017-07-01

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a popular one-stage bariatric procedure with a proven efficacy on weight loss. However, the relationship between LSG and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains a subject of debate. The objective is to determine the long-term effect of LSG on weight loss and reflux disease. A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients who underwent an LSG between January 2005 and March 2009 was performed. The effect of LSG on weight evolution and the relationship between preoperative and postoperative GERD symptoms and PPI dependency was analyzed. A mean follow-up of 8.48 years (range 6.1-10.3) was achieved. We observed a long-term % excess weight loss (%EWL) of 60%. A significant increase in reflux symptoms and use of PPIs was seen. Seventeen percent suffered from reflux disease preoperatively versus 50% at the end of the postoperative follow-up (RR = 2.5882, 95% CI [1.6161-4.1452], p value = 0.0001). The chance of developing de novo reflux after LSG was 47.8% (32/67). Reflux disease was present in 7 of the 26 patients who underwent a secondary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). In four of these seven patients, reflux disease disappeared completely after the secondary RYGB (57.1%). A satisfactory long-term effect on weight loss was achieved. However, a significant increase in GERD and PPI dependency after LSG was noted. New onset GERD was seen in more than 40% of the study population. Conversion to RYGB is a good option in patients with refractory reflux disease after LSG.

PAs: Fifty years young.

PubMed

Mandel, Ellen D; North, Shannon

2017-10-01

The PA profession is 50 years young. Practicing PAs and current students hail from several generational categories ranging from Builders to Generation Z. This article reviews how different generations may have experienced PA program expansion, professional identity, state licensing, and prescription delegation. The authors sampled a cohort of PA program applicants about their views on what evokes optimism and concern for the PA profession. These themes mirror the recently paved professional road, while posing the all-important question: What construction lies on the horizon?

[Trends in the mortality of liver cancer in Qidong, China: an analysis of fifty years].

PubMed

Chen, Jian-guo; Zhu, Jian; Zhang, Yong-hui; Chen, Yong-sheng; Ding, Lu-lu; Lu, Jian-hua; Zhu, Yuan-rong

2012-07-01

To describe and analyze the charecteristics and trends of liver cancer mortality during the past fifty years in Qidong, China. Retrospective mortality survey was conducted to get the data on liver cancer death in the period of 1958-1971, and the data from 1972 to 2007 were obtained from the records of cancer registration in Qidong. The crude mortality rate (CR) of liver cancer, and age-standardized rate by Chinese population (CASR) and by world population (WASR) were calculated and analyzed. The total percent changes (PC) and annual percent changes (APC) were used for evaluating the increasing trends of the mortality. The sex-specific rate, age-specific rate, truncated rate of the age group 35 - 64, cumulative rate of the age group 0-74, cumulative risk, period-rate, and the rate for age-birth cohort were compared. The natural death rate in Qidong residents for the past five-decade period experienced a wave interval of 8.62‰ in 1958 down to 5.37‰ in 1979, and up to 7.75‰ in 2007. The mortality rate for all-site cancers was increased from 56.69 per 100, 000 to 234.97 per 100, 000. The mortality rate of liver cancer, being 20.45 per 100, 100 in 1958 was increased to 49.04 per 100, 000 in 1972, and up to 69.29 per 100, 000 in 2007. According to the registration data of 1972 - 2007, the death from liver cancer was accounted for 34.88% of all deaths due to cancers, with a CR of 58.86 per 100, 000, CASR of 38.36 per 100, 000, and WASR, 49.37 Per 100, 000 in Qidong. The truncated rate for the age group 35 - 64 was 117.08 per 100, 000, and the cumulative rate for the age group 0-74 and the cumulative risk were 5.15% and 5.02%, respectively. The CRs for males was 90.52 per 100, 000 and for females was 27.93 per 100, 000, with a sex ratio of 3.24:1. For the period of 1972 - 2007, the PC for CR was 49.71%, and APC was +1.41%, showing an increasing variation tendency. The APCs for CASR and WASR, however, were decreasing, with a percentage of -1.11%, and -0

Fifty Years of Learning: A History of Adult & Community Education in Aotearoa from the 1960s to the Present Day

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tobias, Robert Michael

2016-01-01

This monograph aims to provide a brief but critical history of adult and community education in Aotearoa over the past fifty years. It draws on primary and secondary sources as well as a substantial body of previous research much of which has yet to be published. The focus of this work is on changing policy environments and their impact on adult…

Fifty Years of Lightning Observations from Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christian, H. J., Jr.

2017-12-01

Some of the earliest satellites, starting with OSO (1965), ARIEL (1967), and RAE (1968), detected lightning using either optical and RF sensors, although that was not their intent. One of the earliest instruments designed to detect lightning was the PBE (1977). The use of space to study lightning activity has exploded since these early days. The advent of focal-plane imaging arrays made it possible to develop high performance optical lightning sensors. Prior to the use of charged-coupled devices (CCD), most space-based lightning sensors used only a few photo-diodes, which limited the location accuracy and detection efficiency (DE) of the instruments. With CCDs, one can limit the field of view of each detector (pixel), and thus improve the signal to noise ratio over single-detectors that summed the light reflected from many clouds with the lightning produced by a single cloud. This pixelization enabled daytime DE to increase from a few percent to close to 90%. The OTD (1995), and the LIS (1997), were the first lightning sensors to utilize focal-plane arrays. Together they detected global lightning activity for more than twenty years, providing the first detailed information on the distribution of global lightning and its variability. The FORTE satellite was launched shortly after LIS, and became the first dedicated satellite to simultaneously measure RF and optical lightning emissions. It too used a CCD focal plane to detect and locate lightning. In November 2016, the GLM became the first lightning instrument in geostationary orbit. Shortly thereafter, China placed its GLI in orbit. Lightning sensors in geostationary orbit significantly increase the value of space-based observations. For the first time, lightning activity can be monitored continuously, over large areas of the Earth with high, uniform DE and location accuracy. In addition to observing standard lightning, a number of sensors have been placed in orbit to detect transient luminous events and

Beyond Marbles: Percent Change and Social Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denny, Flannery

2013-01-01

In the author's eighth year of teaching, she hit a wall teaching percent change. Percent change is one of the few calculations taught in math classes that shows up regularly in the media, and one that she often does in her head to make sense of the world around her. Despite this, she had been teaching percent change using textbook problems about…

Fifty years of driving safety research.

PubMed

Lee, John D

2008-06-01

This brief review covers the 50 years of driving-related research published in Human Factors, its contribution to driving safety, and emerging challenges. Many factors affect driving safety, making it difficult to assess the impact of specific factors such as driver age, cell phone distractions, or collision warnings. The author considers the research themes associated with the approximately 270 articles on driving published in Human Factors in the past 50 years. To a large extent, current and past research has explored similar themes and concepts. Many articles published in the first 25 years focused on issues such as driver impairment, individual differences, and perceptual limits. Articles published in the past 25 years address similar issues but also point toward vehicle technology that can exacerbate or mitigate the negative effect of these issues. Conceptual and computational models have played an important role in this research. Improved crash-worthiness has contributed to substantial improvements in driving safety over the past 50 years, but future improvements will depend on enhancing driver performance and perhaps, more important, improving driver behavior. Developing models to guide this research will become more challenging as new technology enters the vehicle and shifts the focus from driver performance to driver behavior. Over the past 50 years, Human Factors has accumulated a large base of driving-related research that remains relevant for many of today's design and policy concerns.

Sexist Attitudes Among Emerging Adult Women Readers of Fifty Shades Fiction.

PubMed

Altenburger, Lauren E; Carotta, Christin L; Bonomi, Amy E; Snyder, Anastasia

2017-02-01

Stereotypical sexist representations of men and women in popular culture reinforce rigid views of masculinity (e.g., males as being strong, in control, masterful, and aggressive) and femininity (e.g., women as being fragile and weak, unassertive, peaceful, irrational, and driven by emotions). The present study examined associations between the fictional series Fifty Shades-one popular culture mechanism that includes pervasive traditional gender role representations-and underlying sexist beliefs among a sample of 715 women ages 18-24 years. Analyses revealed associations between Fifty Shades readership and sexism, as measured through the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Namely women who reported reading Fifty Shades had higher levels of ambivalent, benevolent, and hostile sexism. Further, those who interpreted Fifty Shades as "romantic" had higher levels of ambivalent and benevolent sexism. Our findings support prior empirical studies noting associations between interacting with aspects of popular culture, such as television and video games, and individual beliefs and behaviors.

A clinical evaluation of 10 percent vs. 15 percent carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agents.

PubMed

Kihn, P W; Barnes, D M; Romberg, E; Peterson, K

2000-10-01

Agents with carbamide peroxide, or CP, in various concentrations are widely prescribed for at-home tooth whitening. It is not clear, however, if the more concentrated gels will whitening teeth to a greater extent, as no controlled clinical trials have been reported. The authors conducted a double-blind study of human subjects to evaluate whether a 15 percent CP tooth-whitening system was more effective than a 10 percent CP system, and to determine if tooth sensitivity increased with use of the higher concentration. The authors recruited 57 subjects with maxillary anterior teeth of shade A3 or darker (as gauged against a value-oriented shade guide). The subjects were 18 to 65 years of age and in good general and dental health. After matching the subjects by sex and age, the authors randomly assigned them to either a control group, which used a 10 percent CP whitening agent, or an experimental group, which used a 15 percent CP agent. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in shade change between the groups after one week of treatment (t = 1.455, P = .05), but there was a significant difference at the end of the treatment period (t = 2.303, P < .05), as well as two weeks after treatment concluded (t = 2.248, P < .05). There was no significant difference in sensitivity (t = 1.399, P > .05). There was a significant difference in color change between the 10 percent CP and 15 percent CP groups at the end of the study period. There was no significant difference in level of tooth sensitivity between the two groups, and the incidence was equal; there was, however, a significant difference in variability of tooth sensitivity between the two groups. If performed under the careful guidance of a dentist, at-home whitening is an effective treatment, regardless of whether 10 percent CP or 15 percent CP is used. There may be added color change and varying sensitivity with the use of 15 percent CP.

Fifty years of allergy: 1965-2015.

PubMed

Campbell, Dianne E; Mehr, Sam

2015-01-01

The last 50 years in allergy could almost be considered the first 50 years. Over this time period, we have witnessed the emergence of allergy as a subspecialty, have seen and continue to observe a tremendous change in prevalence of allergic disease and have gained insight into the mechanisms that underlie allergic predisposition and disease manifestation. We have improved the care of children with many forms of allergic disease and now sit poised to be able to alter the natural history of allergic disease with the use of specific immunotherapy. There is much left to do in the next 50 years including understanding what underlies both the predisposition to atopic disease and its natural resolution and identifying the environmental cofactors involved in the 'allergic epidemic' and therefore targets for effective primary prevention. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2015 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

Fifty years of herbicide research: comparing the discovery of trifluralin and halauxifen-methyl.

PubMed

Epp, Jeffrey B; Schmitzer, Paul R; Crouse, Gary D

2018-01-01

Fifty years separate the commercialization of the herbicides trifluralin and halauxifen-methyl. Despite the vast degree of technological change that occurred over that time frame, some aspects of their discovery stories are remarkably similar. For example, both herbicides were prepared very early in the iterative discovery process and both were developed from known lead compound structures by hypothesis-driven research efforts without the use of in vitro assays or computer-aided molecular design. However, there are aspects of the halauxifen-methyl and trifluralin discovery stories that are substantially different. For example, the chemical technology required for the cost-effective production of halauxifen-methyl simply did not exist just two decades prior to its commercial launch. By contrast, the chemical technology required for the cost-effective production of trifluralin was reported in the chemical literature more than two decades prior to its commercial launch. In addition, changes in regulatory environment since the early 1960s ensured that their respective discovery to commercial launch stories would also differ in substantial ways. Ultimately, the time and cost required to develop and register halauxifen-methyl demanded a global initial business case while the lower registration hurdles that trifluralin cleared enabled a narrow initial business case mainly focused on the USA. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Thailand condom campaign reduced AIDS infections by fifty percent.

PubMed

1996-08-12

AIDS was first reported in Thailand in 1988 and quickly spread among the country's prostitutes, their clients, and their clients' wives until 750,000 Thais were infected by 1993. In 1990, the Thai government began to provide condoms to brothels and to educate men about the dangers of unprotected sex. As a result of this program, the number of military conscripts in the six northern provinces who were infected dropped from 13% in 1991 to 7% in 1995. Condom use with prostitutes has increased to 93%, and fewer men are visiting prostitutes. The key to this unprecedented success is the support of the Thai government and its acknowledgement that commercial sex could not be eradicated and, therefore, that the industry had to be involved in control efforts in a nonjudgmental way.

Liver transplantation: Fifty years of experience

PubMed Central

Song, Alice Tung Wan; Avelino-Silva, Vivian Iida; Pecora, Rafael Antonio Arruda; Pugliese, Vincenzo; D’Albuquerque, Luiz Augusto Carneiro; Abdala, Edson

2014-01-01

Since 1963, when the first human liver transplantation (LT) was performed by Thomas Starzl, the world has witnessed 50 years of development in surgical techniques, immunosuppression, organ allocation, donor selection, and the indications and contraindications for LT. This has led to the mainstream, well-established procedure that has saved innumerable lives worldwide. Today, there are hundreds of liver transplant centres in over 80 countries. This review aims to describe the main aspects of LT regarding the progressive changes that have occurred over the years. We herein review historical aspects since the first experimental studies and the first attempts at human transplantation. We also provide an overview of immunosuppressive agents and their potential side effects, the evolution of the indications and contraindications of LT, the evolution of survival according to different time periods, and the evolution of methods of organ allocation. PMID:24833866

What Works in Student Retention? Fourth National Survey. Four-Year Colleges and Universities with Twenty Percent or More Black Students Enrolled

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ACT, Inc., 2010

2010-01-01

This report presents the findings for four year colleges and universities with twenty percent or more Black students enrolled that participated in ACT's 2010 What Works in Student Retention survey. The report contains information pertinent to only these institutions. Appendices include: (1) Data for Four Year Colleges and Universities with greater…

The "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" at Fifty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laties, Victor G.

2008-01-01

The "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" was founded in 1958 by a group of male psychologists, mainly from the northeastern USA and connected with either Harvard or Columbia. Fifty years later about 20% of both editors and authors reside outside this country and almost the same proportion is women. Other changes in the…

Vannevar Bush: Fifty Years Later

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lagowski, J. J.

1995-12-01

It is ironic that the 50th anniversary year of Vannevar Bush's Report to President Truman entitled "Science the Endless Frontier", which put into motion the eminently successful current system of education of scientists in this country occurs at a time when serious questions are being asked about the usefulness of that very system. Bush viewed his proposal to establish a national research foundation (later to be called the National Science Foundation) as a "social compact." Judgment of scientific merit would be delegated to expert peers in return for scientific progress, which would ultimately benefit the nation in terms of scientific needs--military security, economic productivity, and enhanced quality of life. Bush wanted the funding of basic research intertwined with training, and preferred to use universities for this purpose rather than industrial or national labs. Bush viewed college and university scientists as teachers and investigators. He believed university-based research would uniquely encourage and engage the next generation of scientists as no other institutional arrangement could. Bush did not trust industry's commitment to basic research, an instinct that proved prophetic. The academic reserve of scientists (PhD's in training and postdoctoral students) that existed before World War II, and upon which the United States could draw for its needs, which were primarily associated with defense efforts, was probably one of the defining factors in Bush's suggested strategy. Currently, that reserve of talent has gotten so large that it is the obvious throttle in the pipeline slowing the continued development of the university research enterprise. Since 1977, the rate at which we have trained new scientists exceeds an average of 4% annually. Since 1987, the "science work force"--PhD's--has grown at three times the rate of the general labor supply. Temporary positions for postdoctoral scientists have grown even faster (over 5% per year since 1989). To compound

A Comprehensive Lifestyle Peer Group-Based Intervention on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Randomized Controlled Fifty-Fifty Program.

PubMed

Gómez-Pardo, Emilia; Fernández-Alvira, Juan Miguel; Vilanova, Marta; Haro, Domingo; Martínez, Ramona; Carvajal, Isabel; Carral, Vanesa; Rodríguez, Carla; de Miguel, Mercedes; Bodega, Patricia; Santos-Beneit, Gloria; Peñalvo, Jose Luis; Marina, Iñaki; Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón; Dal Re, Marian; Villar, Carmen; Robledo, Teresa; Vedanthan, Rajesh; Bansilal, Sameer; Fuster, Valentin

2016-02-09

Cardiovascular diseases stem from modifiable risk factors. Peer support is a proven strategy for many chronic illnesses. Randomized trials assessing the efficacy of this strategy for global cardiovascular risk factor modification are lacking. This study assessed the hypothesis that a peer group strategy would help improve healthy behaviors in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 543 adults 25 to 50 years of age with at least 1 risk factor were recruited; risk factors included hypertension (20%), overweight (82%), smoking (31%), and physical inactivity (81%). Subjects were randomized 1:1 to a peer group-based intervention group (IG) or a self-management control group (CG) for 12 months. Peer-elected leaders moderated monthly meetings involving role-play, brainstorming, and activities to address emotions, diet, and exercise. The primary outcome was mean change in a composite score related to blood pressure, exercise, weight, alimentation, and tobacco (Fuster-BEWAT score, 0 to 15). Multilevel models with municipality as a cluster variable were applied to assess differences between groups. Participants' mean age was 42 ± 6 years, 71% were female, and they had a mean baseline Fuster-BEWAT score of 8.42 ± 2.35. After 1 year, the mean scores were significantly higher in the IG (n = 277) than in the CG (n = 266) (IG mean score: 8.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.37 to 9.32; CG mean score: 8.17; 95% CI: 7.55 to 8.79; p = 0.02). The increase in the overall score was significantly larger in the IG compared with the CG (difference: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.18; p = 0.02). The mean improvement in the individual components was uniformly greater in the IG, with a significant difference for the tobacco component. The peer group intervention had beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, with significant improvements in the overall score and specifically on tobacco cessation. A follow-up assessment will be performed 1 year after the final assessment

One Part Nuclear, One Part Solid State: Fifty Years of Mössbauer Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Westfall, Catherine

2004-05-01

Starting in 1955 Rudolf Mössbauer conducted experiments that would demonstrate in the next three years that an atomic nucleus in a crystal does not recoil when it emits a gamma ray and provides the entire emitted energy to the gamma ray. The resonance spectroscopy made possible by this discovery led to fifty years of scientific explorations in a wide variety of fields including nuclear and solid state physics, chemistry, and geology. At the current time, Mössbauer spectroscopy is a vital part of science programs, both in many laboratories and at world-class light sources, such as Argonnes Advanced Photon Source. This paper will focus on the history of multidisciplinary Mössbauer research at Argonne National Laboratory and particularly on the interaction between nuclear and condensed matter physicists. This was necessary because of the ultra-high energy resolution of the Mössbauer resonance with its ability to resolve hyperfine interactions between the nuclear moments (nuclear charge distribution, the nuclear magnetic moment, and nuclear quadrupole moment) and corresponding solid state properties (electron charge distribution at the nucleus, magnetic field at the nucleus, and electric field gradient at the nucleus.) Understanding and exploiting Mössbauer spectroscopy therefore required work at the intersection of nuclear and solid state physics and the skills and knowledge of both specialties. The paper will start with the discovery and confirmation of the Mössbauer effect. Then it will outline early important experiments, such as the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy to confirm Einsteins general theory of relativity, and give an overview of the rapid expansion of this research tool, first with the use of Fe57 and later with the use of other isotopes. In particular the paper will focus on Argonnes cutting-edge Mössbauer work on transuranics. This work built on the resources and expertise first developed at the laboratory during WWII and brought together not only

Serving the Nation for Fifty Years: 1952 - 2002 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL], Fifty Years of Accomplishments

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

2002-01-01

For 50 years, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been making history and making a difference. The outstanding efforts by a dedicated work force have led to many remarkable accomplishments. Creative individuals and interdisciplinary teams at the Laboratory have sought breakthrough advances to strengthen national security and to help meet other enduring national needs. The Laboratory's rich history includes many interwoven stories -- from the first nuclear test failure to accomplishments meeting today's challenges. Many stories are tied to Livermore's national security mission, which has evolved to include ensuring the safety, security, and reliability of the nation's nuclear weapons without conducting nuclear tests and preventing the proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction. Throughout its history and in its wide range of research activities, Livermore has achieved breakthroughs in applied and basic science, remarkable feats of engineering, and extraordinary advances in experimental and computational capabilities. From the many stories to tell, one has been selected for each year of the Laboratory's history. Together, these stories give a sense of the Laboratory -- its lasting focus on important missions, dedication to scientific and technical excellence, and drive to made the world more secure and a better place to live.

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches

PubMed Central

Hersh, Elliot V.; Ciancio, Sebastian G.; Kuperstein, Arthur S.; Stoopler, Eric T.; Moore, Paul A.; Boynes, Sean G.; Levine, Steven C.; Casamassimo, Paul; Leyva, Rina; Mathew, Tanya; Shibly, Othman; Creighton, Paul; Jeffers, Gary E.; Corby, Patricia M.A.; Turetzky, Stanley N.; Papas, Athena; Wallen, Jillian; Idzik-Starr, Cynthia; Gordon, Sharon M.

2013-01-01

Background The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain. Methods Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied. Results The responders’ rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less. Conclusions Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely. PMID:23633700

What Works in Student Retention? Fourth National Survey. Four-Year Colleges & Universities with Twenty Percent or More Hispanic Students Enrolled

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ACT, Inc., 2010

2010-01-01

This report presents the findings for colleges and universities with twenty percent or more Hispanic students enrolled that participated in ACT's 2010 What Works in Student Retention survey. The report contains information pertinent to only these institutions. Appendices include: (1) Data for Four-Year Colleges/Universities with greater than or…

Final year MBBS students' perception for observed structured clinical examination.

PubMed

Siddiqui, Faisal Ghani

2013-01-01

To determine perceptions of final year students about observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) and to determine its acceptance among these students. Sequential mixed method design using survey questionnair and in-depth interviews. The study constituted a one-time survey and in-depth interviews conducted over a period of three consecutive days during final year MBBS annual examination at OSCE centre, from April 04, 2010 to April 06, 2010. Three hundred and fifty final year MBBS students, selected through non-probability convenience sampling, were asked to fill the 12-item questionnaire. Three hundred and thirty one students returned the forms. In-depth, structured interviews with 22 students, selected by non-probability purposive sampling, were conducted. The interviews were tape recorded for subsequent transcription. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17. The qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis techniques. Three hundred and thirty one final year MBBS students (50.6% females) filled the questionnaire (response rate 94.6%). Fifty three percent respondents agreed that the OSCE tasks were taught during clinical rotations. The experience was stressful for 67.9% respondents. Inadequate prior guidelines, inadequate time for stations, newness of the assessment format and vague instructions were the main causes for stress. Over 70% of the students felt that OSCE helped them identify areas of weakness in their practical and clinical skills; 56.5% felt that the stations dealt with practical skills. Seventy nine percent students were happy with the attitude of the examiners while 19% students felt that the facilitators were uncooperative; failure of the examiners to observe the students during performance of the tasks was the major cause for dissatisfaction. Nearly thirty percent (29.9%) respondent felt that the stations were difficult to understand. Over forty nine percent (49.7%) complained that adequate guidelines were not given prior to

Fifty-year old and still ticking.... an interview with Emile Zuckerkandl on the 50th anniversary of the molecular clock. Interview by Giacomo Bernardi.

PubMed

Zuckerkandl, Emile

2012-06-01

In 1962, a young post-doctoral fellow and a prominent Nobel Prize winner, Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling, published a seminal paper that described the relationship between the average number of aminoacid replacements and divergence time, known as the molecular clock (Zuckerkandl and Pauling 1962). Fifty years after the original publication, I was fortunate enough to interview Emile Zuckerkandl. We shared thoughts on his life and the historical events that led to the discovery of the molecular clock.

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Choluteca, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Choluteca that would be inundated by 50-year floods on Rio Choluteca and Rio Iztoca. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Choluteca as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for 50-year-floods on Rio Choluteca and Rio Iztoca at Choluteca were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. The estimated 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Choluteca at Choluteca is 4,620 cubic meters per second, which is the drainage-area-adjusted weighted-average of two independently estimated 50-year-flood discharges for the gaging station Rio Choluteca en Puente Choluteca. One discharge, 4,913 cubic meters per second, was estimated from a frequency analysis of the 17 years of peak discharge record for the gage, and the other, 2,650 cubic meters per second, was estimated from a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The weighted-average of the two discharges at the gage is 4,530 cubic meters per second. The 50-year-flood discharge for the study area reach of Rio Choluteca was estimated by multiplying the weighted discharge at the gage by the ratio of the drainage

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Comayagua, Hondura

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Comayagua that would be inundated by 50-year floods on Rio Humuya and Rio Majada. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Comayagua as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for 50-year-floods on Rio Humuya and Rio Majada at Comayagua were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. The 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Humuya at Comayagua, 1,400 cubic meters per second, was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The reasonableness of the regression discharge was evaluated by comparing it with drainage-area-adjusted 50-year-flood discharges estimated for three long-term Rio Humuya stream-gaging stations. The drainage-area-adjusted 50-year-flood discharges estimated from the gage records ranged from 946 to 1,365 cubic meters per second. Because the regression equation discharge agrees closely with the high end of the range of discharges estimated from the gaging-station records, it was used for the hydraulic modeling to ensure that the resulting 50-year-flood water-surface elevations would not be underestimated. The 50-year

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Nacaome, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, M.C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Nacaome that would be inundated by 50-year floods on Rio Nacaome, Rio Grande, and Rio Guacirope. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Nacaome as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for 50-year-floods on Rio Nacaome, Rio Grande, and Rio Guacirope at Nacaome were computed using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and ground surveys at two bridges. The estimated 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Nacaome at Nacaome, 5,040 cubic meters per second, was computed as the drainage-area-adjusted weighted average of two independently estimated 50-year-flood discharges for the gaging station Rio Nacaome en Las Mercedes, located about 13 kilometers upstream from Nacaome. One of the discharges, 4,549 cubic meters per second, was estimated from a frequency analysis of the 16 years of peak-discharge record for the gage, and the other, 1,922 cubic meters per second, was estimated from a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The weighted-average of the two discharges is 3,770 cubic meters per second. The 50-year-flood discharges for Rio Grande, 3,890 cubic meters per

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Juticalpa, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, M.C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Juticalpa that would be inundated by a 50-year flood of Rio Juticalpa. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Juticalpa as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for a 50-year-flood on Rio Juticalpa at Juticalpa were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. The estimated 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Juticalpa at Juticalpa, 1,360 cubic meters per second, was computed as the drainage-area-adjusted weighted average of two independently estimated 50-year-flood discharges for the gaging station Rio Juticalpa en El Torito, located about 2 kilometers upstream from Juticalpa. One discharge, 1,551 cubic meters per second, was estimated from a frequency analysis of the 33 years of peak-discharge record for the gage, and the other, 486 cubic meters per second, was estimated from a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The weighted-average of the two discharges at the gage is 1,310 cubic meters per second. The 50-year flood discharge for the study area reach of Rio Juticalpa was estimated by multiplying the weighted discharge at the gage by the

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Siguatepeque, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Siguatepeque that would be inundated by 50-year floods on Rio Selguapa, Rio Guique, Rio Celan, Rio Calan, and Quebrada Chalantuma. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Siguatepeque as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for 50-year-floods on each of the streams studied were computed using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and ground surveys at six bridges. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on any of the streams studied; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharges were estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The 50-year-flood discharges estimated for Rio Selguapa, Rio Guique, Rio Celan, Rio Calan, and Quebrada Chalantuma are 323, 168, 161, 146, and 90 cubic meters per second, respectively.

Emerging frontiers of pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia: The metamorphosis in the last fifty years.

PubMed

Asiri, Yousif A

2011-01-01

The trends in the quality of biomedical education in pharmacy schools have witnessed significant changes in the 21st century. With the advent of continuous revision and standardization processes of medical curricula throughout the world, the focus has been on imparting quality education. This pedagogic paradigm has shifted to pharmacy schools. In Saudi Arabia, the concept of "medical and pharmacy education" is relatively new as mainstream pharmacy curriculum and universities were established only half a century ago. This period has seen major changes in the dimension of "pharmacy education" to keep pace with the education systems in the United States and Europe. As our knowledge and perceptions about pharmaceuticals change with time, this motivates educators to search for better teaching alternatives to the ever increasing number of enthusiastic and budding pharmacists. Recently, the academic system in Saudi Arabian Pharmacy has adopted a more clinically-oriented Pharm. D. curriculum. This paper deals with the major changes from the inception of a small pharmacy faculty in 1959, the College of Pharmacy at the King Saud University, Riyadh, to the model of progress and a prototype of pharmacy colleges in Saudi Arabia. The fifty year chronological array can be regarded as an epitome of progress in pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia from its traditional curriculum to the modern day Pharm. D. curriculum with a high population growth and expanding health care sector, the demand for qualified pharmacists is growing and is projected to grow considerably in the future. The number of pharmacy graduates is increasing each year by many folds and to meet the needs the system lays stress upon a constant revising and updating of the current curriculum from a global perspective.

Reflections on fifty years of publications on the history of general biology and special embryology.

PubMed

Oppenheimer, J M

1975-12-01

The publications of fifty years (1925-1974) of the histroy of biology and embryology are surveyed. In America, the earliest background for work during this period was provided by the collectors, mainly physicians, of books into extensive private libraries. The collectors, for instance Osler, Cushing, and Fulton in this country and Geoffrey Keynes abroad, became expert technical bibliographers during the early part of the half-century under consideration. High standards for medical, thus biological history, insofar as these fields overlap, were also set earlier by Sudhoff's Institut für Geschichte der Medizin in Leipzig, and American historical studies benefited when Sigerist came from Leipzig to Baltimore in the early 1930's. Textbooks of medical history are omitted from discussion here, but a number of more or less general histories of biology published within the specified period are briefly evaluated. The discussion next turns to histories of embryology, general and special. Recent monographs on the classical embryologists, Wolff and von Baer, are enumerated, as are a number of biographies and autobiographies of important embryologists published here or abroad during our half-century. Then general histories of embryology are discussed, and finally some specialized ones. Needham, Roger, and Adelmann are singled out as the most important contributors to the history of embryology, in the West, during the period covered. Few of the contributors to the history of biology and medicine during the years of 1925 through 1974 were trained as historians while students. It is concluded that the History of Science Society has performed an important contribution in professionalizing the history of biology and embryology, but it is pointed out that a great new challenge faces it in the necessity to counteract anti-historical and anti-intellectual moods and movements of today.

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Tocoa, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Tocoa that would be inundated by a 50-year flood of Rio Tocoa. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Tocoa as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for an estimated 50-year-flood on Rio Tocoa at Tocoa were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and a ground survey at one bridge. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on Rio Tocoa; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Tocoa, 552 cubic meters per second, was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The drainage area and mean annual precipitation estimated for Rio Tocoa at Tocoa are 204 square kilometers and 1,987 millimeters, respectively. It was assumed that a portion of the 50-year flood, 200 cubic meters per second, would escape the main channel and flow down a side channel before re-entering the main channel again near the lower end of the study area.

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Tegucigalpa, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Tegucigalpa that would be inundated by a 50-year flood of Rio Choluteca, Rio Grande, Rio Guacerique, and Rio Chiquito. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Tegucigalpa as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for an estimated 50-year-flood on Rio Choluteca, Rio Grande, Rio Guacerique, and Rio Chiquito at Tegucigalpa were determined using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and ground surveys at bridges. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharges were estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The estimated 50-year-flood discharge is 922 cubic meters per second at Rio Choluteca at downstream end of the study area boundary, 663 cubic meters per second at the mouth of the Rio Grande, 475 cubic meters per second at the mouth of the Rio Guacerique, and 254 cubic meters per second at the mouth of the Rio Chiquito.

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Choloma, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Choloma that would be inundated by a 50-year flood of Rio Choloma. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Choloma as part of the in the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for a 50-year-flood on Rio Choloma at Choloma were determined using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on Rio Choloma; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Choloma, 370 cubic meters per second, was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The drainage area and mean annual precipitation estimated for Rio Choloma at Choloma are 89.5 square kilometers and 2,164 millimeters, respectively.

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Olanchito, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, M.C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Olanchito that would be inundated by a 50-year-flood of Rio Uchapa. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Olanchito as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for a 50-year-flood discharge of 243 cubic meters per second on Rio Uchapa at Olanchito were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on Rio Uchapa; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Uchapa was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The drainage area and mean annual precipitation estimated for Rio Uchapa at Olanchito are 97.1 square kilometers and 1,178 millimeters, respectively.

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 in Women Less Than 35 Years

PubMed Central

Kesterson, Joshua P.; Lele, Shashikant

2016-01-01

Objective To examine the outcome of women diagnosed with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 3 at less than 35 years. Materials and Methods All cases of VIN 3 treated in women less than 35 years treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between January 1973 and January 2008 were reviewed. Medical records were reviewed for year of diagnosis, treatment modality, recurrence and/or progression, associated medical conditions, history of genital condyloma, smoking status, history of cervical pathology, and treatment. Results Thirty-one women were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 29 years. Smoking status was available in 28 patients, of which 82% (23/28) were current or former smokers. Eighty-one percent (25/31) of the women had cervical disease. Fifty-two percent (16/31) had a history of genital condyloma. Ten of the 31 women (32%) were diagnosed with persistence or recurrence of VIN 3. Three women (9.7%) progressed to invasive carcinoma. Conclusions Women diagnosed with VIN 3 at less than 35 years are at risk for persistence and/or recurrence of their disease as well as progression to carcinoma, warranting frequent and prolonged follow-up with liberal utilization of directed biopsies of suspicious lesions. PMID:27942201

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3 in Women Less Than 35 Years.

PubMed

Kesterson, Joshua P; Lele, Shashikant

2009-10-01

To examine the outcome of women diagnosed with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 3 at less than 35 years. All cases of VIN 3 treated in women less than 35 years treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between January 1973 and January 2008 were reviewed. Medical records were reviewed for year of diagnosis, treatment modality, recurrence and/or progression, associated medical conditions, history of genital condyloma, smoking status, history of cervical pathology, and treatment. Thirty-one women were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 29 years. Smoking status was available in 28 patients, of which 82% (23/28) were current or former smokers. Eighty-one percent (25/31) of the women had cervical disease. Fifty-two percent (16/31) had a history of genital condyloma. Ten of the 31 women (32%) were diagnosed with persistence or recurrence of VIN 3. Three women (9.7%) progressed to invasive carcinoma. Women diagnosed with VIN 3 at less than 35 years are at risk for persistence and/or recurrence of their disease as well as progression to carcinoma, warranting frequent and prolonged follow-up with liberal utilization of directed biopsies of suspicious lesions.

Blended Families in Conflict: Essentials a Pastor Must Know

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perry, William J.

2013-01-01

The rise of blended families is becoming a prevalent dynamic in our society. According to the United States Census Bureau: American Community Survey, 2009 report, the U.S. is approaching a fifty percent divorce rate. Fifty percent will remarry within three and half years of their divorce. Of these, sixty-five percent will have children from their…

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Catacamas, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Catacamas that would be inundated by a 50-year-flood of Rio Catacamas. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Catacamas as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/ floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for a 50-year-flood on Rio Catacamas at Catacamas were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. The 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Catacamas at Catacamas, 216 cubic meters per second, was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation because there are no long-term stream-gaging stations on the river from which to estimate the discharge. The drainage area and mean annual precipitation estimated for Rio Catacamas at Catacamas are 45.4 square kilometers and 1,773 millimeters, respectively.

Fifty years of shear zones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Graham, Rodney

2017-04-01

We are here, of course, because 1967 saw the publication of John Ramsay's famous book. Two years later a memorable field trip from Imperial College to the Outer Hebrides saw John on a bleak headland on the coast of North Uist where a relatively undeformed metadolerite within Lewisian (Precambrian) gneisses contained ductile shear zones with metamorphic fabrics in amphibolite facies. One particular outcrop was very special - a shear zone cutting otherwise completely isotropic, undeformed metadolerite, with an incremental foliation starting to develop at 45° to the deformation zone, and increasing in intensity as it approached the shear direction. Here was proof of the process of simple shear under ductile metamorphic conditions - the principles of simple shear outlined in John Ramsay's 1967 book clearly visible in nature, and verified by Ramsay's mathematical proofs in the eventual paper (Ramsay and Graham, 1970). Later work on the Lewisian on the mainland of Scotland, in South Harris, in Africa, and elsewhere applied Ramsay's simple shear principles more liberally, more imprecisely and on larger scale than at Caisteal Odair, but in retrospect it documented what seems now to be the generality of mid and lower crustal deformation. Deep seismic reflection data show us that on passive margins hyper-stretched continental crust (whether or not cloaked by Seaward Dipping Reflectors) seems to have collapsed onto the mantle. Crustal faults mostly sole out at or above the mantle - so the Moho is a detachment- an 'outer marginal detachment', if you like, and, of course, it must be a ductile shear. On non-volcanic margins this shear zone forms the first formed ocean floor before true sea floor spreading gets going to create real oceanic crust. Gianreto Manatschal, Marcel Lemoine and others realised that the serpentinites described in parts of the Alps are exposed remnants of this ductile shear zone. Associated ophicalcite breccias tell of sea floor exposure, while high

[Demographic and clinical characterizations of newly diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS above fifty years of age].

PubMed

Asher, Ilan; Elbirt, Daniel; Mahlev-Guri, Keren; Rozenberg-Bezalet, Shira; Werner, Ben; Sthoeger, Zev

2013-04-01

Major changes happened in the last decade in the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The disease is no longer limited to young age. Due to the effectiveness of HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) as well as new diagnosis in older age groups, many patients in AIDS centers are above 50 years of age. To determine the prevalence, demographics and clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients older than 50 years compared to younger newly diagnosed patients. Retrospective single center analysis of the demographics and clinical characterizations of 62 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients over 50 years of age. The average age at diagnosis of the whole cohort was 39+/-16 years. There was a gradual increase in the age at diagnosis over the years, as well as the percent of patients above the age of 50 diagnosed with the disease. In comparison to younger patients, in the older group there were more males compared to females and less patients who acquired the HIV/AIDS in unprotected homosexual sex. Furthermore, CD4 cells counts were lower and viral load leveLs were higher at diagnosis in the older group. Despite good adherence, patients above the age of 50 don't achieve adequate immunological response and many are left with significant immunodeficiency (CD4<200). The prevaLence of patients above the age of 50 Living with HIV/AIDS in Israel is rising. Programs aimed at prevention, education and screening for this unique group are mandatory. An AIDS center should adopt new programs and routines to cope with the increasing number of patients over the age of 50 Living with HIV/AIDS.

Selected fretting-wear-resistant coatings for titanium - 6-percent-aluminum - 4-percent-vanadium alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bill, R. C.

1976-01-01

A titanium - 6-percent-aluminum - 4-percent-vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) was subjected to fretting-wear exposures against uncoated Ti-6Al-4V as a baseline and against various coatings and surface treatments applied to Ti-6Al-4V. The coatings evaluated included plasma-sprayed tungsten carbide with 12 percent cobalt, aluminum oxide with 13 percent titanium oxide, chromium oxide, and aluminum bronze with 10 percent aromatic polyester; polymer-bonded polyimide, polyimide with graphite fluoride, polyimide with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and methyl phenyl silicone bonded MoS2, preoxidation surface treatment, a nitride surface treatment, and a sputtered MoS2 coating. Results of wear measurements on both the coated and uncoated surfaces after 300,000 fretting cycles indicated that the polyimide coating was the most wear resistant and caused the least wear to the uncoated mating surface.

Increasing incidence of hypothyroidism within one year after radioiodine therapy for toxic diffuse goiter. [/sup 131/I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Von Hofe, S.E.; Dorfman, S.G.; Carrette, R.F.

1978-02-01

Patients treated with 10 mCi of I-131 for toxic diffuse goiter in the period January 1974--June 1976 were evaluated for development of hypothyroidism. Fifty percent were hypothyroid within 3 months and 69 percent within 1 year of treatment. Our data suggest that there is a higher incidence of hypothyroidism after standard doses of I-131 in the 1970s as contrasted with treatment groups in the 1950s and 1960s. The pathophysiology of this increased incidence is not known with certainty; however, infrequent use of thionamide medication, together with recent increases in dietary iodine, may render the gland more radiosensitive.

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for Sonaguera, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of Sonaguera that would be inundated by a 50-year flood of Rio Sonaguera and its tributary, Rio Juan Lazaro. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of Sonaguera as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for an estimated 50-year-flood on Rio Sonaguera and Rio Juan Lazaro at Sonaguera were determined using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and a ground survey at the bridge. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on Rio Sonaguera or Rio Juan Lazaro; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Sonaguera above the confluence with Rio Juan Lazaro, 194 cubic meters per second; for Rio Juan Lazaro at its mouth, 168 cubic meters per second, and for Rio Sonaguera at the downstream end of the study area, 282 cubic meters per second; were estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation.

Survey of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry on Nitrous Oxide and Sedation: 20 Years Later.

PubMed

Wilson, Stephen; Gosnell, Elizabeth S

2016-10-15

The purpose of this study was to survey the membership of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and determine the current status of nitrous oxide (N2O) utilization in their dental practices while also comparing the findings to a similar survey completed 20 years ago. A 55-item questionnaire on the use of N2O was sent to the AAPD membership. The total number of respondents was 1,632 (26 percent). Sixty-two percent are board-certified, 97 percent use N2O in their office, 18 percent indicated greater than 80 percent of their patient pool required N2O versus six percent in 1996. Fifty percent of parents expressed concerns about N2O use. Changes have occurred in the use of nitrous oxide since 1996, including: (1) a greater percentage of practitioners using N2O; (2) perceptions that more pediatric patients need N2O; (3) a shift in use of N2O by duration of practitioner experience; (4) an increased percentage of board-certified respondents; and (5) possible increasing parental concerns about N2O.

Fifty years of the integrated control concept: moving the model and implementation forward in Arizona††

PubMed Central

Naranjo, Steven E; Ellsworth, Peter C

2009-01-01

Fifty years ago, Stern, Smith, van den Bosch and Hagen outlined a simple but sophisticated idea of pest control predicated on the complementary action of chemical and biological control. This integrated control concept has since been a driving force and conceptual foundation for all integrated pest management (IPM) programs. The four basic elements include thresholds for determining the need for control, sampling to determine critical densities, understanding and conserving the biological control capacity in the system and the use of selective insecticides or selective application methods, when needed, to augment biological control. Here we detail the development, evolution, validation and implementation of an integrated control (IC) program for whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), in the Arizona cotton system that provides a rare example of the vision of Stern and his colleagues. Economic thresholds derived from research-based economic injury levels were developed and integrated with rapid and accurate sampling plans into validated decision tools widely adopted by consultants and growers. Extensive research that measured the interplay among pest population dynamics, biological control by indigenous natural enemies and selective insecticides using community ordination methods, predator:prey ratios, predator exclusion and demography validated the critical complementary roles played by chemical and biological control. The term ‘bioresidual’ was coined to describe the extended environmental resistance from biological control and other forces possible when selective insecticides are deployed. The tangible benefits have been a 70% reduction in foliar insecticides, a >$200 million saving in control costs and yield, along with enhanced utilization of ecosystem services over the last 14 years. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID:19834884

Fifty Years of Boundary-Layer Theory and Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dryden, Hugh L.

1955-01-01

The year 1954 marked the 50th anniversary of the Prandtl boundary-layer theory from which we may date the beginning of man's understanding of the dynamics of real fluids. A backward look at this aspect of the history of the last 50 years may be instructive. This paper (1) attempts to compress the events of those 50 years into a few thousand words, to tell in this brief space the interesting story of the development of a new concept, its slow acceptance and growth, its spread from group to group within its country of origin, and its diffusion to other countries of the world. The original brief paper of Prandtl (2) was presented at the Third International Mathematical Congress at Heidelberg in 1904 and published in the following year. It was an attempt to explain the d'Alembert paradox, namely, that the neglect of the small friction of air in the theory resulted in the prediction of zero resistance to motion. Prandtl set himself the task of computing the motion of a fluid of small friction, so small that its effect could be neglected everywhere except where large velocity differences were present or a cumulative effect of friction occurred This led to the concept of boundary layer, or transition layer, near the wall of a body immersed in a fluid stream in which the velocity rises from zero to the free-stream value. It is interesting that Prandtl used the term Grenzsehicht (boundary layer) only once and the term Ubergangsschicht (transition layer) seven times in the brief article. Later writers also used Reibungsschicht (friction layer), but most writers today use Grenzschicht (boundary layer).

Water chemistry: fifty years of change and progress.

PubMed

Brezonik, Patrick L; Arnold, William A

2012-06-05

Water chemistry evolved from early foundations in several related disciplines. Although it is difficult to associate a precise date to its founding, several events support the argument that the field as we know it today developed in the mid-20th century--at the dawn of the "environmental era"--that is, ∼1960. The field in its modern incarnation thus is about 50 years old. In celebration of this half-centenary, we examine here the origins of water chemistry, how the field has changed over the past 50 years, and the principal driving forces for change, focusing on both the "practice" of water chemistry and ways that teaching the subject has evolved.

Ethical decisions in dental treatment planning using the Ozar model: a descriptive study of fifty-two consecutive patients.

PubMed

Schuman, N J; Turner, J E

1997-01-01

Chairside dental ethics necessitates special consideration by the faculty member-dentist, the dental student, and the patient. The patient must always be aware of treatment options, in addition to learning the health status of the oral hard and soft tissues, costs, and time to be involved to accomplish proposed treatment. What may seem like a burden to an individual practitioner is actually only the necessities incurred by any self governing profession. Fifty-two consecutive dental patients had their cases reviewed for the ethical behavior of the dentist-practitioner, student, and patient. Categories reviewed were informed consent (100%), agreement, compromise, economic issues, conflict, and institutional issues. The results were: 1. Agreement: 17 cases, 2. Compromise: 21 cases, 3. Economic Issues: 4 cases, 4. Conflict: 6 cases, and 5. Institutional Issues: 4 cases. Fourteen percent of all patients were minors. Ninety percent of the patients were treated. Of those 10% not treated, five percent were for medical reasons, and five percent of the patients refused treatment. These results were placed in the Ozar Model 9 and were categorized as follows: 1. Appropriate pain free oral function: 22 cases, 2. Patient Autonomy: 14 cases, 3. Life and health: 9 cases, 4. Preferred practice values: 6 cases, and 5. Other external considerations: 1 case. This template demonstrated appropriate ethical behavior on the part of dentists, students, and patients, especially with a 90% treatment group, and only 5% refusing treatment. The 52 consecutive patients were characteristic of the University of Tennessee's overall patient pool. No identifiable differences were found between patients regardless of gender, age, or race.

Fifty years of IAA History Symposia (1967-2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skoog, A. Ingemar; Hall, R. Cargill

2017-05-01

The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Symposia on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics have been held annually at the International Astronautical Congresses since 1967. During these past 50 years nearly 800 papers have been presented and subsequently published in the proceedings. With a 20-year rule imposed for historical presentations, the first 10 symposia concentrated on pre-World War II and early 1950s activities. A surprisingly large number of papers on early, less well-known Soviet-Russian contributions to rocketry and astronautics were presented in the first symposia, despite the ongoing Space Race between the U.S and USSR. Another important element in these symposia involved memoir papers offered by pre- and post-war rocket and astronautics pioneers from many countries, and the participation of many of these pioneers in person. In sum, the history of national space and rocket projects from some 40 countries were presented over the years in IAA History Symposia. These 50 symposia have provided a platform for scholars and professional and non-professional historians to meet and discuss the history of rocketry and astronautics, and to personally interview many space pioneers, most of whom today are deceased. Their personal recollections have since been shared with a large audience. Over time, IAA history papers divided into recognizable periods: ancient times through the 19th century, and the 20th and 21st centuries, which separate among actions and events that took place before 1945, in 1945 to 1957, and after 1957 (which marked the beginning of the space age). Proceedings of the IAA History Symposia have been published in English, ultimately in the History Series of the American Astronautical Society (AAS) and its publishing arm, Univelt Inc., under an agreement secured with the IAA. This paper presents an overview of the IAA History Symposia. It examines the early years of the history committee and its first symposium, the evolution of

Fifty year canon of solar eclipses: 1986 - 2035

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Espenak, Fred

1987-01-01

A complete catalog is presented, listing the general characteristics of every solar eclipse from 1901 through 2100. To complement this catalog, a detailed set of cylindrical projection world maps shows the umbral paths of every solar eclipse over the 200 year interval. Focusing in on the next 50 years, accurate geodetic path coordinates and local circumstances for the 71 central eclipses from 1987 through 2035 are tabulated. Finally, the geodetic paths of the umbral and penumbral shadows of all 109 solar eclipses in this period are plotted on orthographic projection maps of the Earth. Appendices are included which discuss eclipse geometry, eclipse frequency and occurrence, modern eclipse prediction and time determination. Finally, code for a simple Fortran program is given to predict the occurrence and characteristics of solar eclipses.

Full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: a 10-year follow-up descriptive study.

PubMed

Prado, Arturo; Andrades, Patricio; Danilla, Stefan; Benitez, Susana; Reyes, Sergio; Valenzuela, Gustavo; Guridi, Rodrigo; Fuentes, Patricio

2008-03-01

The purposes of this study were to retrospectively compare the 1-, 5-, and 10-year cosmetic outcomes of full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing using the SilkTouch technology, and analyze its advantages, disadvantages, and long-term results. Photographic results of full-face carbon dioxide laser resurfacing were evaluated after 1, 5, and 10 years. Statistical analysis considered surgeon and patient satisfaction based on a predetermined cosmetic visual analogue scale. Patients and two plastic surgeons unfamiliar with the cases evaluated objective postresurfacing results using Beausang's grading system and a modified wrinkle assessment scale. One hundred fifty-nine patients were treated and 46 patients completed 1-, 5-, and 10-year follow-up. Combined aesthetic procedures to the full-face carbon dioxide resurfacing were transcutaneous upper lid/lower lid transconjunctival blepharoplasty and endoscopic brow lifts in 15 patients. After 1 year, some relapse occurred, but the overall aesthetic result remained very good. At 5 and 10 years, respectively, 32 and 20 percent of the sample maintained good-quality skin texture; 22 and 19 percent achieved correction of skin pigmentation without scars; and 88 and 98 percent needed correction of recurrent rhytides, jowling, and redundant skin. Permanent hypopigmentation was found in four cases (8.7 percent). The authors' early experience with the carbon dioxide laser was excellent, but after 1 year, they noticed lines of demarcation between treated and nontreated skin or persistent erythema. After 5 and 10 years, advantages were maintenance of good skin texture, ablation of fine wrinkles, and long-term correction of skin pigmentation. Disadvantages included permanent hypopigmentation of the mandible-neck junction, telangiectasia, and possible accentuation of skin redundancy.

Fifty years of Australian pediatric gastroenterology.

PubMed

Cameron, Don

2009-10-01

When the Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA) began 50 years ago there were very few pediatric gastroenterologists in the world. The 'Mother' of Paediatric Gastroenterology was Australian Charlotte ('Charlo') Anderson who established one of the world's first pediatric gastroenterology units in Melbourne in the early 1960s. Her earlier work in Birmingham had identified gluten as the component of wheat responsible for celiac disease and helped separate maldigestion (cystic fibrosis) and mucosal malabsorption. The first comprehensive textbook of Paediatric Gastroenterology was edited by Charlotte Anderson and Valerie Burke in 1975. Rudge Townley succeeded Charlotte Anderson in Melbourne and went on to further develop small bowel biopsy techniques making it a safe, simple, and quick procedure that led to much greater understanding of small bowel disease and ultimately the discovery of Rotavirus by Ruth Bishop et al. and subsequently to Rotavirus immunization. Australian Paediatric Gastroenterology subsequently developed rapidly with units being established in all mainland capital cities by the end of the 1970s. The Australian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (AuSPGHAN) was established in the 1980s. Australians have contributed significantly in many areas of gastroenterology in infants, children, and adolescents including celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, transplantation, gastrointestinal infection, allergy, indigenous health, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal motility, and the development of novel tests of gastrointestinal function and basic science. There have also been major contributions to nutrition in cystic fibrosis, end-stage liver disease, and intestinal failure. The future of Australian Paediatric Gastroenterology is in good hands.

School finance: fifty years of expansion.

PubMed

Guthrie, J W

1997-01-01

Since 1949-50, per-pupil expenditures in public elementary and secondary schools have more than quadrupled, even after adjusting for inflation. This article discusses some of the reasons. A significant share of the increase is the result of an 86% inflation-adjusted increase in teachers' salaries between 1949-50 and 1971-72, although teachers' salaries have changed little in the following 25 years. The ratio of students to school employees has dropped by half since 1949-50 as a result of declining class sizes and the hiring of more nonteaching school employees, which significantly affects costs. Even maintaining class size at a constant level will cause school budgets to grow at a rate greater than that of inflation because schools must compete in a labor market against other employers who are able to produce more with fewer employees. A substantial part of the increase in per-pupil spending is a result of expansions in services provided by the schools. More expensive, specialized classes for high school students, compensatory education for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, special education and related services for students with disabilities, and desegregation efforts all contribute to higher costs. Efforts to improve funding equity have led to increased expenditures: rather than take funding from wealthier districts, most states prefer to raise the funding available to schools at the bottom and the middle of the scale, increasing total spending. Finally, a share of the total increase must be attributed to the workings of the political system governing schools.

Fifty Years of Seismic Monitoring in Davao,Philippines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McNamara, D. J.

2016-12-01

The Manila Observatory was a 150 years old as of 2015. Fiftry years ago it began a seismic monitoring station in the Island of Mindanao, outside the city of Davao, 7 deg. N and 121 deg. E. approxiamtely. This station was chosen not only for its position on the Ring of Fire but also for the fact the the dip angle of the earth's manetic field is zeo at that location. When the CTBT was established and the Republic of the Philippines (RP) a signatory, the Davao station by agreement with RP, began to send its seismic data to the CTBT database in Vienna. This has continued to the present day with support from CTBTO for updates in equipment and maintainence. We discuss if such a private+government model is the way forward for more comprehensive monitoring in the future.

Hydrology and Ecology of the Colorado River Delta in the Face of Changing Climate and Land Use Practices: the Next Fifty Years

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagler, P. L.; Glenn, E. P.

2007-12-01

The Lower Colorado River Delta in the U.S. and Mexico is an internationally important aquatic biome, supporting fresh water and estuarine wetlands and a riparian corridor rich in avian and other wildlife. These rich ecosystems could be severely harmed by invasive species interacting with projected climate change and land use practices over the next 50 years. It is critical to measure land cover and monitor ecosystem and land use changes because these ecosystems are supported by fresh and brackish water flows originating from flood control releases and agricultural return flows in the U.S. and Mexico. Most climate models project a drying trend in the Colorado River watershed due to global warming, decreasing the frequency of flood releases to the Delta. Total basin water storage in the reservoir system is expected to be reduced by 32-40 percent, and flow volume is expected to meet demands in only 59-75 percent of years in 50 years. The frequency of spills (years in which water is released from the reservoirs to the Delta) will decrease under a global warming scenario. However, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and ENSO events will continue to introduce variability into river flows, and there will still be years in which water is spilled to the Delta. Agricultural return flows will decrease as more water is diverted from agriculture to metropolitan use in both countries. The salinity of the ground water in Mexico, which currently supports cottonwood and willow trees in the riparian corridor, is increasing at a rate of about 20 ppm per year, and in 50 years it might be too saline for cottonwoods and willows. The riparian zone may become dominated by saltcedar and other salt-tolerant shrubs, degrading the habitat for birds and other wildlife. As flows to the Delta diminish, monitoring and active restoration projects to maintain trees and wetlands will be needed to preserve habitat value.

Fifty-One Percent Minority. Connecticut Conference on the Status of Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut Education Association, Storrs.

The articles presented in this document stem from taped presentations or post summations of speeches presented at a conference on the status of women held in the spring of 1972 by the Connecticut Education Association. The book can serve as a guide to three major problems: (1) sexual stereotypes; (2) the legal and economic status of women; and (3)…

Cardiovascular effects of intraosseous injections of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine.

PubMed

Replogle, K; Reader, A; Nist, R; Beck, M; Weaver, J; Meyers, W J

1999-05-01

Because a number of patients have reported an increase in heart rate with the intraosseous, or i.o., injection, it is important to evaluate changes in the cardiovascular system with this injection technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of an i.o. injection of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine. With the use of a repeated-measures design, the authors randomly assigned 42 subjects to receive i.o. injections of 1.8 milliliters of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 1.8 mL of 3 percent mepivacaine in a double-blinded manner at two appointments. At each appointment the authors monitored electrocardiographic findings, cardiac rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure before, during and after administration of anesthetic solutions. With the 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine solution, 28 (67 percent) of 42 subjects experienced an increase in heart rate that might be attributed to the effect of the epinephrine. In 22 (79 percent) of these subjects, the heart rate returned to within 5 beats of baseline values within four minutes after solution deposition. The authors found no significant increase in heart rate in subjects receiving the 3 percent mepivacaine. No significant differences (P > .05) were found in mean diastolic, mean systolic or mean arterial blood pressure values between the subjects receiving 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and those receiving 3 percent mepivacaine. The majority of subjects receiving the i.o. injection of the 2 percent lidocaine-epinephrine solution experienced a transient increase in heart rate. No significant increase in heart rate was seen with the i.o. injection of 3 percent mepivacaine. While patients would likely notice the heart rate increase with the lidocaine-epinephrine solution, it would not be clinically significant in most healthy patients. In patients whose medical condition, drug

Behavioral and Social Science: Fifty Years of Discovery.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smelser, Neil J., Ed.; Gerstein, Dean R., Ed.

This commemorative book contains 10 papers that provide a selective sample of behavioral and social science research accomplishments and trends over a 50-year period, and comparisons are made with research presented in the 1933 report, "Recent Social Trends in the United States" (The Ogburn Report). Four chapters in part 1,…

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for El Progreso, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of El Progreso that would be inundated by a 50-year flood of Rio Pelo. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of El Progreso as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for a 50-year-flood on Rio Pelo at El Progreso were estimated using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on Rio Pelo; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Pelo, 235 cubic meters per second, was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The drainage area and mean annual precipitation estimated for Rio Pelo at El Progreso are 47.4 square kilometers and 1,920 millimeters, respectively.

Hazardous materials programs in the fifty states.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-01-01

This report describes the hazardous materials transportation safety programs, laws, and regulatory programs enacted by each of the fifty states. The report contains a brief description of common elements in the hazardous materials policy-making proce...

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for La Ceiba, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kresch, David L.; Mastin, M.C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of La Ceiba that would be inundated by a 50-year-flood of Rio Cangrejal. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of La Ceiba as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for a 50-year-flood discharge of 1,030 cubic meters per second on Rio Cangrejal at La Ceiba were computed using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area. There are no nearby long-term stream-gaging stations on Rio Cangrejal; therefore, the 50-year-flood discharge for Rio Cangrejal at La Ceiba was estimated using a regression equation that relates the 50-year-flood discharge to drainage area and mean annual precipitation. The drainage area and mean annual precipitation estimated for Rio Cangrejal at La Ceiba are 498 square kilometers and 2,306 millimeters, respectively.

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

Percent Emphysema and Right Ventricular Structure and Function

PubMed Central

Grau, Maria; Lima, Joao A.; Hoffman, Eric A.; Bluemke, David A.; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Chahal, Harjit; Enright, Paul L; Jain, Aditya; Prince, Martin R.; Kawut, Steven M.

2013-01-01

Background: Severe COPD can lead to cor pulmonale and emphysema and is associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) filling. We evaluated whether emphysema and airflow obstruction would be associated with changes in right ventricular (RV) structure and function and whether these associations would differ by smoking status. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) performed cardiac MRI on 5,098 participants without clinical cardiovascular disease aged 45 to 84 years. RV and emphysema measures were available for 4,188 participants. Percent emphysema was defined as the percentage of voxels below −910 Hounsfield units in the lung windows on cardiac CT scans. Generalized additive models were used to control for confounders and adjust for respective LV parameters. Results: Participants consisted of 13% current smokers, 36% former smokers, and 52% never smokers. Percent emphysema was inversely associated with RV end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, and mass prior to adjustment for LV measures. After adjustment for LV end-diastolic volume, greater percent emphysema was associated with greater RV end-diastolic volume (+1.5 mL, P = .03) among current smokers, smaller RV end-diastolic volume (−0.8 mL, P = .02) among former smokers, and similar changes among never smokers. Conclusions: Percent emphysema was associated with smaller RV volumes and lower mass. The relationship of emphysema to cardiac function is complex but likely involves increased pulmonary vascular resistance, predominantly with reduced cardiac output, pulmonary hyperinflation, and accelerated cardiopulmonary aging. PMID:23450302

Fifty years of wilderness science: An international perspective

Treesearch

Steve Carver; Steve McCool; Zdenka Krenova; Mark Fisher; Stephen Woodley

2014-01-01

The 50th Anniversary of the U.S. Wilderness Act is a cause for celebration, not least of which is the scientific use recognized in Section 4(b) of the act. This year also marks the 20th anniversary of publication of the International Journal of Wilderness (IJW). IJW plays a unique role in wilderness stewardship, science, and advocacy, providing a forum for presentation...

[Witchcraft medicine and folklore in Wushierbingfang ('Prescriptions for fifty-two diseases')].

PubMed

Jia, Hai-yan

2010-03-01

One important characteristic of early stage of TCM is the intermixture of witches medicine and folklore. A few witch prescriptions in Wushierbingfang ('Prescriptions for fifty-two diseases') indicated the residual traces of the mixture of witch and medicine in the medical literatures. The witch prescriptions recorded in Wushierbingfang ('Prescriptions for fifty-two diseases') could be divided into supplication, Yu-step, exorcism, Nuo ritual and peach wood charms etc. Witchcraft developed into folklore and the application of witchcraft sometimes manifested as the form of folklore, which were also reflected in the records of ('Prescriptions for fifty-two diseases').

Fifty Years of Observing Hardware and Human Behavior

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McMann, Joe

2011-01-01

During this half-day workshop, Joe McMann presented the lessons learned during his 50 years of experience in both industry and government, which included all U.S. manned space programs, from Mercury to the ISS. He shared his thoughts about hardware and people and what he has learned from first-hand experience. Included were such topics as design, testing, design changes, development, failures, crew expectations, hardware, requirements, and meetings.

Inspiration: One Percent and Rising

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walling, Donovan R.

2009-01-01

Inventor Thomas Edison once famously declared, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." If that's the case, then the students the author witnessed at the International Student Media Festival (ISMF) last November in Orlando, Florida, are geniuses and more. The students in the ISMF pre-conference workshop…

WHK Student Internship Enrollment, Mentor Participation Up More than 50 Percent | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The Werner H. Kirsten Student Internship Program (WHK SIP) has enrolled the largest class ever for the 2013–2014 academic year, with 66 students and 50 mentors. This enrollment reflects a 53 percent increase in students and a 56 percent increase in mentors, compared to 2012–2013 (43 students and 32 mentors), according to Julie Hartman, WHK SIP director.

WHK Student Internship Enrollment, Mentor Participation Up More than 50 Percent | Poster

Cancer.gov

By Nancy Parrish, Staff Writer The Werner H. Kirsten Student Internship Program (WHK SIP) has enrolled the largest class ever for the 2013–2014 academic year, with 66 students and 50 mentors. This enrollment reflects a 53 percent increase in students and a 56 percent increase in mentors, compared to 2012–2013 (43 students and 32 mentors), according to Julie Hartman, WHK SIP

Fifty Years of the Korean Society for Parasitology

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

In 1959, the Korean Society for Parasitology was founded by clinical scientists, specialists of public health, and 5 core parasitologists with experience in American science and medicine. The Society this year celebrates its 50th anniversary. Due to public health importance at the time of foundation, medical parasitology was the main stream for next 3 decades. Domestic problems of niche parasitic diseases, unlisted in 6 tropical diseases of major importance, had been studied by own efforts. To cope with the demand of parasite control, evaluation system for control activity was built up. Control activity against soil-transmitted nematodes, conducted for almost 3 decades, was evaluated as a success. Evaluation of praziquantel efficacy for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and neurocysticercosis, population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a situation of continuous reinfections, diagnostic modalities of antibody tests combined with brain imaging developed for helminthiasis of the central nervous system and researches on intestinal trematodes were achievements in the first 30 years. During the recent 2 decades, science researches, such as cell and molecular biology of parasites and immunology of parasitic infections have been studied especially on parasitic allergens and proteolytic and anti-oxidant enzymes. Experiences of international cooperation for world health have been accumulated and would be expanded in the future. PMID:19885338

A Fifty-Year Love Affair with Organic Chemistry (by William S. Johnson)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kauffman, Reviewed By George B.; Kauffman, Laurie M.

1999-12-01

This latest volume is the 20th in Jeff Seeman's projected 22-volume series of autobiographies of 20th-century organic chemists that began publication in 1990 (Kauffman, G. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A21). Unfortunately, Johnson did not live to see this volume in print. Ted Bartlett and Ray Conrow reviewed the final manuscript, galleys, and page proofs; and Ted Bartlett, Paul Bartlett, John D. Roberts, and Gilbert Stork contributed an epilogue that complements Johnson's own words, adds a warm, personal final touch that he was unable to provide, and incorporates his final research into the volume. Born in New Rochelle, New York, on February 24, 1913, William Summer Johnson attended Amherst College with the aid of a scholarship and various odd jobs such as tending furnace, washing dishes, and playing saxophone in dance bands (he seriously considered becoming a professional musician). Here he became enamored with organic chemistry, which he taught as an instructor for a year after his graduation magna cum laude in 1936. He then worked with a fellowship under Louis Fieser, who sparked his interest in steroids, at Harvard University, from which he received his M.A. (1938) and Ph.D. (1940) degrees. In 1940 Johnson joined the faculty at the University of Wisconsin, where he rose through the ranks, eventually becoming Homer Adkins Professor of Chemistry (1954-60). He began the total synthesis of steroids, the main subject of his life's work, "which soon proved to be the hottest synthetic target of the time". In 1960 he accepted an invitation to become head of and to upgrade the Stanford University Chemistry Department. With faculty recruiting as his primary concern, he was able to add Carl Djerassi, Paul J. Flory, Harden M. McConnell, Henry Taube, and Eugene E. van Tamelen to the department, resulting in its spectacular rise from 15th to 5th place in the nation. He remained at Stanford for the rest of his career, serving as department head for nine years. He died at the

Percents Are Not Natural Numbers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Jennifer A.

2013-01-01

Adults are prone to treating percents, one representational format of rational numbers, as novel cases of natural number. This suggests that percent values are not differentiated from natural numbers; a conceptual shift from the natural numbers to the rational numbers has not yet occurred. This is most surprising, considering people are inundated…

Celebrating fifty years of research and applications in reminiscence and life review: state of the art and new directions.

PubMed

Westerhof, Gerben J; Bohlmeijer, Ernst T

2014-04-01

Fifty years ago, psychiatrist Robert Butler (1963) published an influential article on the recollection and evaluation of personal memories in later life. We discuss the major insights and applications in psychological gerontology that were inspired by Butler. Reminiscence and life review serve to create bonds between people, to cope with important life events, and to attribute meaning to life. We discuss a heuristic framework that relates reminiscence and life review to individual and contextual characteristics as well as to psychological resources and mental health and well-being. The increasing evidence is discussed that different types of interventions can effectively promote mental health and well-being in later life. We propose that processes of reminiscence and life review need further study. This can partly be achieved within the current research tradition by longitudinal studies and good trials that also address the processes accounting for effects of interventions. Synergy with psychological studies on autobiographical remembering and life stories will provide further innovation in the field, as these studies provide new methods and evidence of processes linked to the recollection and evaluation of personal memories. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Atoms for Peace after Fifty Years

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joeck, N; Lehman, R; Vergino, E

2004-03-15

President Eisenhower's hopes for nuclear technology still resonate, but the challenges to fulfilling them are much different today. On December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower, returning from his meeting with the leaders of Britain and France at the Bermuda Summit, flew directly to New York to address the United Nations General Assembly. His presentation, known afterwards as the ''Atoms for Peace'' speech, was bold, broad, and visionary. Eisenhower highlighted dangers associated with the further spread of nuclear weapons and the end of the thermonuclear monopoly, but the president also pointed to opportunities. Earlier that year, Stalin had died and the Koreanmore » War armistice was signed. Talks on reunification of Austria were about to begin. The speech sought East-West engagement and outlined a framework for reducing nuclear threats to security while enhancing the civilian benefits of nuclear technology. One specific proposal offered to place surplus military fissile material under the control of an ''international atomic energy agency'' to be used for peaceful purposes, especially economic development. Eisenhower clearly recognized the complex interrelationships between different nuclear technologies and the risks and the benefits that accrue from each. The widespread use of civilian nuclear technology and absence of any use of a nuclear weapon during the next half-century reflects success in his approach. Today, the world faces choices about nuclear technology that have their parallels in the Eisenhower calculus and its legacy. Although his specific fissile material proposal was never implemented, his broader themes gave impetus to agreements such as the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and institutions such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The resulting governance process has promoted some and restricted other nuclear technology. Perhaps even more influential was Eisenhower's overarching recommendation that we try to reduce the risks

Serum Predictors of Percent Lean Mass in Young Adults.

PubMed

Lustgarten, Michael S; Price, Lori L; Phillips, Edward M; Kirn, Dylan R; Mills, John; Fielding, Roger A

2016-08-01

Lustgarten, MS, Price, LL, Phillips, EM, Kirn, DR, Mills, J, and Fielding, RA. Serum predictors of percent lean mass in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2194-2201, 2016-Elevated lean (skeletal muscle) mass is associated with increased muscle strength and anaerobic exercise performance, whereas low levels of lean mass are associated with insulin resistance and sarcopenia. Therefore, studies aimed at obtaining an improved understanding of mechanisms related to the quantity of lean mass are of interest. Percent lean mass (total lean mass/body weight × 100) in 77 young subjects (18-35 years) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Twenty analytes and 296 metabolites were evaluated with the use of the standard chemistry screen and mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling, respectively. Sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression was used to determine serum analytes and metabolites significantly (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.30) associated with the percent lean mass. Two enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase) and 29 metabolites were found to be significantly associated with the percent lean mass, including metabolites related to microbial metabolism, uremia, inflammation, oxidative stress, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glycerolipid metabolism, and xenobiotics. Use of sex-adjusted stepwise regression to obtain a final covariate predictor model identified the combination of 5 analytes and metabolites as overall predictors of the percent lean mass (model R = 82.5%). Collectively, these data suggest that a complex interplay of various metabolic processes underlies the maintenance of lean mass in young healthy adults.

Long-Term Outcomes of Incredible Years Parenting Program: Predictors of Adolescent Adjustment*

PubMed Central

Webster-Stratton, Carolyn; Rinaldi, Julie; Jamila, M. Reid

2010-01-01

Background and method Fifty-eight boys and 20 girls with early onset conduct problems whose parents received the Incredible Years (IY) parent treatment program when they were 3–8 years (mean 58.7 months) were contacted and reassessed regarding their social and emotional adjustment 8–12 years later. Assessments included home interviews with parents and teenagers separately. Results and conclusion Adolescent reports indicated that 10% were in the clinical range on internalising behaviours, 23% had engaged in major delinquent acts, and 46% reported some substance use. Eighteen percent of children had criminal justice system involvement and 42% had elevated levels of externalising behaviours (mother report). Post-treatment factors predicting negative outcomes (delinquent acts) were maternal reports of behaviour problems and observed mother–child coercion. PMID:21499534

The Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior at Fifty

PubMed Central

Laties, Victor G

2008-01-01

The Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior was founded in 1958 by a group of male psychologists, mainly from the northeastern USA and connected with either Harvard or Columbia. Fifty years later about 20% of both editors and authors reside outside this country and almost the same proportion is made up of women. Other changes in the journal include having its own website for more than a decade and now publishing online as well as on paper. A recent connection with PubMed Central of the National Library of Medicine has made possible the completely free electronic presentation of the entire archive of about 3,800 articles. PMID:18338677

Fifty Years of Pulsar Candidate Selection: From simple filters to a new principled real-time classification approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyon, R. J.; Stappers, B. W.; Cooper, S.; Brooke, J. M.; Knowles, J. D.

2016-06-01

Improving survey specifications are causing an exponential rise in pulsar candidate numbers and data volumes. We study the candidate filters used to mitigate these problems during the past fifty years. We find that some existing methods such as applying constraints on the total number of candidates collected per observation, may have detrimental effects on the success of pulsar searches. Those methods immune to such effects are found to be ill-equipped to deal with the problems associated with increasing data volumes and candidate numbers, motivating the development of new approaches. We therefore present a new method designed for on-line operation. It selects promising candidates using a purpose-built tree-based machine learning classifier, the Gaussian Hellinger Very Fast Decision Tree (GH-VFDT), and a new set of features for describing candidates. The features have been chosen so as to I) maximise the separation between candidates arising from noise and those of probable astrophysical origin, and II) be as survey-independent as possible. Using these features our new approach can process millions of candidates in seconds (˜1 million every 15 seconds), with high levels of pulsar recall (90%+). This technique is therefore applicable to the large volumes of data expected to be produced by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Use of this approach has assisted in the discovery of 20 new pulsars in data obtained during the LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey (LOTAAS).

Fifty years of progress in acoustic phonetics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevens, Kenneth N.

2004-10-01

Three events that occurred 50 or 60 years ago shaped the study of acoustic phonetics, and in the following few decades these events influenced research and applications in speech disorders, speech development, speech synthesis, speech recognition, and other subareas in speech communication. These events were: (1) the source-filter theory of speech production (Chiba and Kajiyama; Fant); (2) the development of the sound spectrograph and its interpretation (Potter, Kopp, and Green; Joos); and (3) the birth of research that related distinctive features to acoustic patterns (Jakobson, Fant, and Halle). Following these events there has been systematic exploration of the articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual bases of phonological categories, and some quantification of the sources of variability in the transformation of this phonological representation of speech into its acoustic manifestations. This effort has been enhanced by studies of how children acquire language in spite of this variability and by research on speech disorders. Gaps in our knowledge of this inherent variability in speech have limited the directions of applications such as synthesis and recognition of speech, and have led to the implementation of data-driven techniques rather than theoretical principles. Some examples of advances in our knowledge, and limitations of this knowledge, are reviewed.

Near-real-time cheatgrass percent cover in the Northern Great Basin, USA, 2015

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boyte, Stephen; Wylie, Bruce K.

2016-01-01

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) dramatically changes shrub steppe ecosystems in the Northern Great Basin, United States.Current-season cheatgrass location and percent cover are difficult to estimate rapidly.We explain the development of a near-real-time cheatgrass percent cover dataset and map in the Northern Great Basin for the current year (2015), display the current year’s map, provide analysis of the map, and provide a website link to download the map (as a PDF) and the associated dataset.The near-real-time cheatgrass percent cover dataset and map were consistent with non-expedited, historical cheatgrass percent cover datasets and maps.Having cheatgrass maps available mid-summer can help land managers, policy makers, and Geographic Information Systems personnel as they work to protect socially relevant areas such as critical wildlife habitats.

Study of extraterrestrial disposal of radioactive wastes. Part 3: Preliminary feasibility screening study of space disposal of the actinide radioactive wastes with 1 percent and 0.1 percent fission product contamination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hyland, R. E.; Wohl, M. L.; Finnegan, P. M.

1973-01-01

A preliminary study was conducted of the feasibility of space disposal of the actinide class of radioactive waste material. This waste was assumed to contain 1 and 0.1 percent residual fission products, since it may not be feasible to completely separate the actinides. The actinides are a small fraction of the total waste but they remain radioactive much longer than the other wastes and must be isolated from human encounter for tens of thousands of years. Results indicate that space disposal is promising but more study is required, particularly in the area of safety. The minimum cost of space transportation would increase the consumer electric utility bill by the order of 1 percent for earth escape and 3 percent for solar escape. The waste package in this phase of the study was designed for normal operating conditions only; the design of next phase of the study will include provisions for accident safety. The number of shuttle launches per year required to dispose of all U.S. generated actinide waste with 0.1 percent residual fission products varies between 3 and 15 in 1985 and between 25 and 110 by 2000. The lower values assume earth escape (solar orbit) and the higher values are for escape from the solar system.

The cost of postgraduate medical education and continuing medical education: re-examining the status fifty years back.

PubMed

Walsh, Kieran

2015-03-01

The subject of the cost and value of medical education is becoming increasingly important. However, this subject is not a new one. Fifty years ago, Mr. DH Patey, Dr. OF Davies, and Dr. John Ellis published a report on the state of postgraduate medical education in the UK. The report was wide-ranging, but it made a considerable mention of cost. In this short article, I have presented the documentary research that I conducted on their report. I have analyzed it from a positivist perspective and have concentrated on the subject of cost, as it appears in their report. The authors describe reforms within postgraduate medical education; however, they are clear from the start that the issue of cost can often be a barrier to such reforms. They state the need for basic facilities for medical education, but then outline the financial barriers to their development. The authors then discuss the costs of library services for education. They state that the "annual spending on libraries varies considerably throughout the country." The authors also describe the educational experiences of newly graduated doctors. According to them, the main problem is that these doctors do not have time to attend formal educational events, and that this will not be possible until there is "a more graduated approach to responsible clinical work," something which is not possible without financial investment. While concluding their report, the authors state that the limited money invested in postgraduate medical education and continuing medical education has been well spent, and that this has had a dual effect on improving medical education as well as the standards of medical care.

The Cost of Postgraduate Medical Education and Continuing Medical Education: Re-Examining the Status Fifty Years Back

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

The subject of the cost and value of medical education is becoming increasingly important. However, this subject is not a new one. Fifty years ago, Mr. DH Patey, Dr. OF Davies, and Dr. John Ellis published a report on the state of postgraduate medical education in the UK. The report was wide-ranging, but it made a considerable mention of cost. In this short article, I have presented the documentary research that I conducted on their report. I have analyzed it from a positivist perspective and have concentrated on the subject of cost, as it appears in their report. The authors describe reforms within postgraduate medical education; however, they are clear from the start that the issue of cost can often be a barrier to such reforms. They state the need for basic facilities for medical education, but then outline the financial barriers to their development. The authors then discuss the costs of library services for education. They state that the "annual spending on libraries varies considerably throughout the country." The authors also describe the educational experiences of newly graduated doctors. According to them, the main problem is that these doctors do not have time to attend formal educational events, and that this will not be possible until there is "a more graduated approach to responsible clinical work," something which is not possible without financial investment. While concluding their report, the authors state that the limited money invested in postgraduate medical education and continuing medical education has been well spent, and that this has had a dual effect on improving medical education as well as the standards of medical care. PMID:25802685

Fifty Years of "Comparative Education Review" Bibliographies: Reflections on the Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raby, Rosalind Latiner

2007-01-01

For the past three years, the "Comparative Education Review" ("CER") has published annual bibliographic essays reflecting the changes in the field over the previous year. This year, to mark the 50th anniversary of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES), the author analyzed "CER" bibliographies since 1959, in addition to…

Fifty years of atomic time-keeping at VNIIFTRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domnin, Yu; Gaigerov, B.; Koshelyaevsky, N.; Poushkin, S.; Rusin, F.; Tatarenkov, V.; Yolkin, G.

2005-06-01

Time metrology in Russia in the second half of the twentieth century has been marked, as in other advanced countries, by the rapid development of time and frequency quantum standards and the beginning of atomic time-keeping. This brief review presents the main developments and studies in time and frequency measurement, and the improvement of accuracy and atomic time-keeping at the VNIIFTRI—the National Metrology Institute keeping primary time and frequency standards and ensuring unification of measurement. The milestones along the way have been the ammonia and hydrogen masers, primary caesium beam and fountain standards and laser frequency standards. For many years, VNIIFTRI was the only world laboratory that applied hydrogen-maser clock ensembles for time-keeping. VNIIFTRI's work on international laser standard frequency comparisons and absolute frequency measurements contributed greatly to the adoption by the CIPM of a highly accurate value for the He-Ne/CH4 laser frequency. VNIIFTRI and the VNIIM were the first to establish a united time, frequency and length standard.

26 CFR 1.6035-1 - Returns of U.S. officers, directors and 10-percent shareholders of foreign personal holding...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., directors and 10-percent shareholders of foreign personal holding companies for taxable years beginning... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Returns of U.S. officers, directors and 10-percent shareholders of foreign personal holding companies for taxable years beginning after September 3...

26 CFR 1.6035-1 - Returns of U.S. officers, directors and 10-percent shareholders of foreign personal holding...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... officers, directors and 10-percent shareholders of foreign personal holding companies for taxable years... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Returns of U.S. officers, directors and 10-percent shareholders of foreign personal holding companies for taxable years beginning after September 3...

Fifty Years of Ocean Observations in the Pacific Northeast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whitney, Frank; Tortell, Philippe

2006-12-01

Ocean Station Papa, at 50°N, 145°W in the Alaska Gyre (Figure 1), started as a weather station in the 1940s. In 1956, oceanographers began collecting a suite of standard measurements from the cool subarctic waters at Ocean Station Papa (OSP), including temperature, salinity, oxygen, and plankton. Three years later, a series of sampling stations was added along the 1400-kilometer `Line P' from the Canadian coast to OSP, to aid in understanding ocean variability.

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches: efficacy, tolerability and compliance with label dose administration directions.

PubMed

Hersh, Elliot V; Ciancio, Sebastian G; Kuperstein, Arthur S; Stoopler, Eric T; Moore, Paul A; Boynes, Sean G; Levine, Steven C; Casamassimo, Paul; Leyva, Rina; Mathew, Tanya; Shibly, Othman; Creighton, Paul; Jeffers, Gary E; Corby, Patricia M A; Turetzky, Stanley N; Papas, Athena; Wallen, Jillian; Idzik-Starr, Cynthia; Gordon, Sharon M

2013-05-01

The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain. Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied. The responders' rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less. Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications. Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely.

The "strong" RNA world hypothesis: fifty years old.

PubMed

Neveu, Marc; Kim, Hyo-Joong; Benner, Steven A

2013-04-01

This year marks the 50(th) anniversary of a proposal by Alex Rich that RNA, as a single biopolymer acting in two capacities, might have supported both genetics and catalysis at the origin of life. We review here both published and previously unreported experimental data that provide new perspectives on this old proposal. The new data include evidence that, in the presence of borate, small amounts of carbohydrates can fix large amounts of formaldehyde that are expected in an environment rich in carbon dioxide. Further, we consider other species, including arsenate, arsenite, phosphite, and germanate, that might replace phosphate as linkers in genetic biopolymers. While linkages involving these oxyanions are judged to be too unstable to support genetics on Earth, we consider the possibility that they might do so in colder semi-aqueous environments more exotic than those found on Earth, where cosolvents such as ammonia might prevent freezing at temperatures well below 273 K. These include the ammonia-water environments that are possibly present at low temperatures beneath the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.

Double Uvula in a Fifty-Six-Year-Old Woman

PubMed Central

Catli, Tolgahan

2014-01-01

Introduction: Deformities of the uvula are considered as the dark area of otorhinolaryngology practice. This little and plain part of the human organism has various functions and its abnormalities might cause serious disabilities. Case Presentation: In our case report, we present a unique deformity of the uvula in a 56-year-old woman. Discussion: The aim of this report was to present a very rare condition, unique case “polyuvula”, and to review the literature regarding other uvula abnormalities. PMID:25763232

A Conceptual Model for Solving Percent Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Albert B., Jr.; Nelson, L. Ted

1994-01-01

Presents an alternative method to teaching percent problems which uses a 10x10 grid to help students visualize percents. Offers a means of representing information and suggests different approaches for finding solutions. Includes reproducible student worksheet. (MKR)

Young Women's Perceptions of the Relationship in Fifty Shades of Grey.

PubMed

Bonomi, Amy E; Nichols, Emily M; Carotta, Christin L; Kiuchi, Yuya; Perry, Samantha

2016-02-01

Millions of women are interacting with Fifty Shades of Grey-a best-selling novel and film. Yet, to date, no social science study has been undertaken to examine women's perceptions of the Fifty Shades relationship narrative in its film adaptation-what they deem appealing, what they deem unappealing, and what they would welcome or resist in their own relationship. In the present study, we used focus groups to examine women's perceptions of the relationship patterns in the Fifty Shades of Grey film. Focus groups were conducted with 35 young adult women (randomly sampled from the registrar's office of a large Midwestern university) immediately after watching the Fifty Shades film with the study team at a local theater within two days of the film's release. Seven semistructured questions concentrating on reactions to the relationship patterns between Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele depicted in the Fifty Shades film were asked, including general reactions, appealing and unappealing characteristics, romantic and dangerous elements, and aspects that participants would tolerate (or not tolerate) in their own relationships. While participants assessed parts of the relationship between Christian and Anastasia as exciting and romantic, they consistently indicated an unappealing lack of health in the relationship. Participants expressed grave concerns over Christian's stalking, controlling, manipulative, and emotionally abusive behavior, anger in sexual interactions, and neglect of Anastasia's needs. At the same time, they sympathized with and rationalized Christian's behaviors as a function of his personality, needs, and abilities. A small contingent implicated Anastasia in the unhealthy relationship process, whereas a broader majority of participants highlighted the challenges with trying to "speak up" in an unhealthy relationship like Christian and Anastasia's. When asked where participants would draw the line in their own relationship, participants indicated they would

Fifty-year flood-inundation maps for La Lima, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the municipality of La Lima that would be inundated by Rio Chamelecon with a discharge of 500 cubic meters per second, the approximate capacity of the river channel through the city of La Lima. The 50-year flood (2,400 cubic meters per second), the original design flow to be mapped, would inundate the entire area surveyed for this municipality. Because water-surface elevations of the 50-year flood could not be mapped properly without substantially expanding the area of the survey, the available data were used instead to estimate the channel capacity of Rio Chamelecon in La Lima by trial-and-error runs of different flows in a numerical model and to estimate the increase in height of levees needed to contain flows of 1,000 and 2,400 cubic meters per second. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the flood inundation are available on a computer in the municipality of La Lima as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the flood inundation in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report. Water-surface elevations for various discharges on Rio Chamelecon at La Lima were determined using HEC-RAS, a one-dimensional, steady-flow, step-backwater computer program. The channel and floodplain cross sections used in HEC-RAS were developed from an airborne light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) topographic survey of the area and ground surveys at three bridges. Top-of-levee or top-of-channel-bank elevations and locations at the cross sections were critical to estimating the channel capacity of Rio Chamelecon

Fifty years of cancer in an American Indian population.

PubMed

Mahoney, Martin C; Va, Puthiery; Stevens, Adrian; Kahn, Amy R; Michalek, Arthur M

2009-01-15

A clear understanding of cancer patterns among American Indian tribal groups has been complicated by a variety of issues. A retrospective cohort study design was applied to a Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) cohort for the period from 1955 through 2004. Incident cancers were identified through a computer match with the New York State Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the overall interval as well as for each of the 5 10-year intervals. The SNI cohort consisted of 3935 men and 4193 women with a total of 120,403 person-years. Significant deficits in cancer incidence were noted among men for all sites combined (SIR, 69), and for lung (SIR, 59), prostate (SIR, 54), urinary bladder (SIR, 8), and Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 0); no cancer sites were identified with significantly elevated incidence. Women demonstrated significantly reduced cancer incidence for all sites combined (SIR, 70) and for breast (SIR, 39), colorectal (SIR, 72), ovary (SIR, 37), uterus (SIR, 42), bladder (SIR, 20), pancreas (SIR, 10), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 39); elevated incidence was noted for cancers of the lung (SIR, 139) and liver (SIR, 405). To the authors' knowledge, the current study represents the most comprehensive investigation to date of cancer patterns among an American Indian tribal group and provides insights for the development of tribal cancer control programming. Copyright (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.

Fifty years of progress in speech coding standards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cox, Richard

2004-10-01

Over the past 50 years, speech coding has taken root worldwide. Early applications were for the military and transmission for telephone networks. The military gave equal priority to intelligibility and low bit rate. The telephone network gave priority to high quality and low delay. These illustrate three of the four areas in which requirements must be set for any speech coder application: bit rate, quality, delay, and complexity. While the military could afford relatively expensive terminal equipment for secure communications, the telephone network needed low cost for massive deployment in switches and transmission equipment worldwide. Today speech coders are at the heart of the wireless phones and telephone answering systems we use every day. In addition to the technology and technical invention that has occurred, standards make it possible for all these different systems to interoperate. The primary areas of standardization are the public switched telephone network, wireless telephony, and secure telephony for government and military applications. With the advent of IP telephony there are additional standardization efforts and challenges. In this talk the progress in all areas is reviewed as well as a reflection on Jim Flanagan's impact on this field during the past half century.

Women's Heart Disease: Cindy Parsons and Follow the Fifty

MedlinePlus

... this page please turn JavaScript on. Feature: Women's Heart Disease Cindy Parsons and Follow the Fifty Past Issues / ... Program, knowing that her personal risk factors for heart disease, including family history, were high. She watched her ...

Fifty years of migraine research.

PubMed

Lance, J W

1988-05-01

The prevalence of ice-pick pains and ice-cream headache in migrainous patients and their localisation to the habitual site of migraine headache, suggest that segments of the central pain pathways remain hyperexcitable between spontaneous attacks. Excessive afferent stimulation (flashing lights, noise, strong perfumes) or hypothalamic changes resulting from emotion, stress or the operation of some internal clock may set in motion brainstem mechanisms, including spontaneous unilateral or bilateral discharge of pain pathways. Studies in the experimental animal have shown that certain monoaminergic brainstem nuclei can influence the cerebral circulation unilaterally and that they and the trigeminal system can induce a reflex dilatation of the external carotid circulation. Descending pathways from the same brainstem nuclei cause the adrenal gland to secrete noradrenaline, which in turn can release serotonin from blood platelets. Free serotonin may become adsorbed to the arterial wall, thus increasing sensitivity to pain, augmenting afferent input and adding a pulsating quality to migrainous pain. Both neural and vascular components of migraine implicate monoamines, specifically noradrenaline and serotonin, as neurotransmitters and humoral agents. The recent pharmacological classification of serotonin (5HT) receptors indicates that agonists of a subset of the 5HT1 receptor and antagonists of 5HT2 receptors are most likely to be helpful in the treatment of migraine.

Fifty years of pacemaker advancements.

PubMed

Steinhaus, David

2008-12-01

A 1957 power blackout in Minnesota prompted C. Walton Lillehei, MD, a pioneer in open heart surgery, to ask Earl Bakken, the co-founder of Medtronic, Inc., to create a battery-operated pacemaker for pediatric patients. That conversation led to the development of the first external battery-operated pacemaker. That first bulky device is far removed from the tiny implantable computers available to heart patients today. Now, the size of two silver dollars stacked on top of one another, a pacemaker is prescribed for a person whose heart beats too slowly or pauses irregularly. Slightly larger devices have more recently evolved from pacing and regulating the heartbeat to being able to provide therapeutic high voltage shocks when needed to stop runaway fast heart rates, recording heart activity, and other physiologic functions, even resynchronizing the heart's chambers-all while providing information on the patient's condition and device performance to the doctor remotely or in the office.

Fifty years of newborn screening.

PubMed

Wilcken, Bridget; Wiley, Veronica

2015-01-01

Newborn screening has evolved fast following recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of disease, particularly the development of multiplex testing and applications of molecular testing. Formal evidence of benefit from newborn screening has been largely lacking, due to the rarity of individual disorders. There are wide international differences in the choice of disorders screened, and ethical issues in both screening and not screening are apparent. More evidence is needed about benefit and harm of screening for specific disorders and renewed discussion about the basic aims of newborn screening must be undertaken. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2015 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

Fifty years of IMOG (International Meetings on Organic Geochemistry)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kvenvolden, Keith A.

2012-01-01

IMOG2011 is the 25th of a series of international meetings on organic geochemistry that began in 1962. Thus, this 25th meeting marks the 50th anniversary year of IMOG, which has (a) had a rich history with meetings taking place in 11 different countries, (b) published Proceedings, titled “Advances in Organic Geochemistry,” from each meeting that now number 24 volumes totaling almost 18,000 pages, and (c) documented the content and development of the science of organic geochemistry. IMOG2011 adds a new milestone to the progress of organic geochemistry through time.

Fifty-Year Flood-Inundation Maps for Santa Rosa de Aguan, Honduras

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mastin, Mark C.; Olsen, T.D.

2002-01-01

After the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, maps of the areas and depths of the 50-year-flood inundation at 15 municipalities in Honduras were prepared as a tool for agencies involved in reconstruction and planning. This report, which is one in a series of 15, presents maps of areas in the coastal municipality of Santa Rosa de Aguan that are prone to oceanic storm-surge flooding and wave action. The 50-year flood on the Rio Aguan (4,270 cubic meters per second), would inundate most of the area surveyed for this municipality and beyond. Therefore a detailed numerical hydraulic model was not developed for this municipality as it was for the others. The 50-year storm surge would likely produce higher water levels than the 50-year flood on the river during normal astronomical tides. The elevation of the 50-year storm surge was estimated to be 4.35 meters above normal sea level, based on hurricane probabilities and published storm-surge elevations associated with various hurricane categories. Flood-inundation maps, including areas of wave-action hazard and a color-shaded elevation map, were created from the available data and the estimated 50-year storm tide. Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages of the hazard areas are available on a computer in the municipality of Santa Rosa de Aguan as part of the Municipal GIS project and on the Internet at the Flood Hazard Mapping Data Web page (http://mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov/projects/floodhazard.html). These coverages allow users to view the maps in much more detail than is possible using the maps in this report.

Guidance on Compatibility of UST Systems with Ethanol Blends Greater Than 10 Percent and Biodiesel Blends Greater Than 20 Percent

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA guidance on complying with the federal compatibility requirement for underground storage tank (UST) systems storing gasoline containing greater than 10 percent ethanol or diesel containing greater than 20 percent biodiesel.

Fifty years of hemodialysis access literature: The fifty most cited publications in the medical literature.

PubMed

Skripochnik, Edvard; O'Connor, David J; Trestman, Eric B; Lipsitz, Evan C; Scher, Larry A

2018-02-01

Objectives The modern era of hemodialysis access surgery began with the publication in 1966 by Brescia et al. describing the use of a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. Since then, the number of patients on chronic hemodialysis and the number of publications dealing with hemodialysis access have steadily increased. We have chronicled the increase in publications in the medical literature dealing with hemodialysis access by evaluating the characteristics of the 50 most cited articles. Methods We queried the Science Citation Index from the years 1960-2014. Articles were selected based on a subject search and were ranked according to the number of times they were cited in the medical literature. Results The 50 most frequently cited articles were selected for further analysis and the number of annual publications was tracked. The landmark publication by Dr Brescia et al. was unequivocally the most cited article dealing with hemodialysis access (1109 citations). The subject matter of the papers included AV fistula and graft (9), hemodialysis catheter (9), complications and outcomes (24), and other topics (8). Most articles were published in nephrology journals (33), with fewer in surgery (7), medicine (7), and radiology (3) journals. Of the 17 journals represented, Kidney International was the clear leader, publishing 18 articles. There has been an exponential rise in the frequency of publications regarding dialysis access with 42 of 50 analyzed papers being authored after 1990. Conclusion As the number of patients on hemodialysis has increased dramatically over the past five decades, there has been a commensurate increase in the overall number of publications related to hemodialysis access.

Fifty years of Jaynes-Cummings physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greentree, Andrew D.; Koch, Jens; Larson, Jonas

2013-11-01

electromagnetic modes, arrays of coupled cavities [5-7], and optomechanical systems [8] have further enriched the physics of the Jaynes-Cummings model. From the early interests in masers and the consistent quantum description of radiation and atom-photon interaction, the Jaynes-Cummings model has evolved into a cornerstone of quantum state engineering [9]. The authors of this editorial had not been born when Jaynes and Cummings wrote their remarkable paper. It is, therefore, a special honour for us to be able to draw the reader's attention to the accompanying reminiscence contributed by Frederick Cummings where he gives us a glimpse of the early history of the Jaynes-Cummings model from his perspective [11]. By now, the original 1963 paper by Jaynes and Cummings has gathered numerous citations and, at the time of writing, the number of articles involving Jaynes-Cummings physics is approaching 15 000.1 This special issue does not attempt to review this impressive wealth of research. The interested reader, however, is urged to consult the definitive article by Shore and Knight [10] for a comprehensive review of the first 30 years of Jaynes-Cummings physics. The collection of 26 papers presented in this issue, showcases a snapshot of some of the most recent and continuing research devoted to Jaynes-Cummings physics. We begin our special issue with Professor Cumming's recollections [11]. We then have six papers on quantum information aspects of the Jaynes-Cummings model [12-17]. The next topic includes seven papers on the Dicke and generalized Jaynes-Cummings models [18-24], followed by six papers on circuit QED, which is one of the most important experimental frameworks for Jaynes-Cummings systems [25-30]. Finally, we have six papers on the extension to many cavities, the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model [31-36]. The snapshot of research captured in this special issue illustrates the unifying language provided by the Jaynes-Cummings model, tying together research in a number of

Fifty Years of the Index to Dental Literature: A Critical Appraisal

PubMed Central

1971-01-01

The year 1971 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Index to Dental Literature. The Index had a slow and stormy birth, with twenty-three years of hard work put in until the first volume was issued. The first Index is described and the changes in its contents and format are traced through the years until its production in 1965 by the National Library of Medicine. The current Index is analyzed with attention paid to nomenclature, classification scheme, quality of the index entries and cross references. The results of a survey of regular users of the Index are interpreted, and suggestions gleaned for the improvement of this most useful tool in dental research. Images PMID:4947815

New Twists Mark the Debate over Texas' Top 10-Percent Plan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Peter

2008-01-01

Born out of one legal battle over affirmative action, the Texas college-admissions policy known as the "top 10 percent plan" is now at the center of another. The University of Texas at Austin is being challenged in U.S. District Court over its 2004 decision to return to using race-conscious admissions criteria after years without them.…

Determinants of percent expenditure of household income due to childhood diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh.

PubMed

Das, J; Das, S K; Ahmed, S; Ferdous, F; Farzana, F D; Sarker, M H R; Ahmed, A M S; Chisti, M J; Malek, M A; Rahman, A; Faruque, A S G; Mamun, A A

2015-10-01

There is limited information on percent expenditure of household income due to childhood diarrhoea especially in rural Bangladesh. A total of 4205 children aged <5 years with acute diarrhoea were studied. Percent expenditure was calculated as total expenditure for the diarrhoeal episode divided by monthly family income, multiplied by 100. Overall median percent expenditure was 3·04 (range 0·01-94·35). For Vibrio cholerae it was 6·42 (range 0·52-82·85), for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 3·10 (range 0·22-91·87), for Shigella 3·17 (range 0·06-77·80), and for rotavirus 3·08 (range 0·06-48·00). In a multinomial logistic regression model, for the upper tertile of percent expenditure, significant higher odds were found for male sex, travelling a longer distance to reach hospital (⩾median of 4 miles), seeking care elsewhere before attending hospital, vomiting, higher frequency of purging (⩾10 times/day), some or severe dehydration and stunting. V. cholerae was the highest and rotavirus was the least responsible pathogen for percent expenditure of household income due to childhood diarrhoea.

Marriage and Fertility in Tianjin, China: Fifty Years of Transition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pasternak, Burton

A report of research conducted in Tianjin, People's Republic of China (September 1981-January 1982) describes and analyses changes in family structure, marriage, post-marital residence, and fertility in a neighborhood of factory workers over a 50-year period. Social and economic changes such as delayed marriage, increased access to education, and…

Fifty Years of Progress in Water Relations Research

PubMed Central

Kramer, Paul J.

1974-01-01

Many of the basic concepts dealing with soil and plant water relationships were in existence 50 years ago, but were inadequately presented in the textbooks of that time. There has been a marked increase in the amount of work done in this field during recent decades, but much of it involves advances in understanding the concepts already in existence. Three of the most important advances in the field of water relations are: (a) acceptance of the term, water potential, to describe the free energy status of water in soil and plants; (b) marked improvement in methods of measuring water potential and stomatal resistance; and (c) use of the concept of water flow in the soil-plant system as analogous to flow of electricity in a conducting system. A number of interesting and important problems remain to be studied. Of these, probably the most important is to learn why mild water stress of less than - 10 bars can affect various enzyme-mediated metabolic processes. Plant scientists in applied fields also need to learn more about the causes of differences in ability to tolerate drought among plants of various kinds. There is uncertainty concerning the relative magnitude of the resistances to water flow in various parts of the soil-plant system and concerning the causes of the apparent changes in resistance to water flow with increase in rate and with time of day. More information also is needed concerning the role of growth regulators synthesized in roots and the importance of the older, suberized roots in the absorption of water and mineral nutrients. PMID:16658910

12. CLOSEUP VIEW OF CROSS SECTION OF SPILLWAY FIFTY FEET ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF CROSS SECTION OF SPILLWAY FIFTY FEET FROM LAKESHORE, SHOWING REMAINS OF SPILLWAY TIMBERS, LOOKING WEST - Three Bears Lake & Dams, North of Marias Pass, East Glacier Park, Glacier County, MT

Achieving Equity through Applied Liberal Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodicio, Lenore P.

2018-01-01

Over the past fifty years, college enrollment has increased by over 650 percent. Nearly 20 million students are now enrolled in higher education, and these students are more racially diverse than ever: by fall 2015, over 40 percent of students were nonwhite, compared with just over 15 percent in 1976. As the student population has diversified,…

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

Investigation of Effectiveness of a Wing Equipped with a 50-percent-chord Sliding Flap, a 30-percent-chord Slotted Flap, and a 30-percent-chord Slat in Deflecting Propeller Slipstreams Downward for Vertical Take-off

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhn, Richard E

1957-01-01

Results are presented of an investigation of the effectiveness of a wing equipped with a 50-percent-chord sliding flap and a 30-percent-chord slotted flap in deflecting a propeller slipstream downward for vertical take-off. Tests were conducted at zero forward speed in a large room and included the effects of flap deflection, proximity to the ground, a leading-edge slat, and end plates. A turning angle of about 70 degrees and a resultant force of about 100 percent of the thrust were achieved near the ground. Out of the ground-effect region, the turning angle was also about 70 degrees but the resultant force was reduced to about 86 percent of the thrust.

Fifty Years of THERP and Human Reliability Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ronald L. Boring

2012-06-01

In 1962 at a Human Factors Society symposium, Alan Swain presented a paper introducing a Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). This was followed in 1963 by a Sandia Laboratories monograph outlining basic human error quantification using THERP and, in 1964, by a special journal edition of Human Factors on quantification of human performance. Throughout the 1960s, Swain and his colleagues focused on collecting human performance data for the Sandia Human Error Rate Bank (SHERB), primarily in connection with supporting the reliability of nuclear weapons assembly in the US. In 1969, Swain met with Jens Rasmussen of Risø Nationalmore » Laboratory and discussed the applicability of THERP to nuclear power applications. By 1975, in WASH-1400, Swain had articulated the use of THERP for nuclear power applications, and the approach was finalized in the watershed publication of the NUREG/CR-1278 in 1983. THERP is now 50 years old, and remains the most well known and most widely used HRA method. In this paper, the author discusses the history of THERP, based on published reports and personal communication and interviews with Swain. The author also outlines the significance of THERP. The foundations of human reliability analysis are found in THERP: human failure events, task analysis, performance shaping factors, human error probabilities, dependence, event trees, recovery, and pre- and post-initiating events were all introduced in THERP. While THERP is not without its detractors, and it is showing signs of its age in the face of newer technological applications, the longevity of THERP is a testament of its tremendous significance. THERP started the field of human reliability analysis. This paper concludes with a discussion of THERP in the context of newer methods, which can be seen as extensions of or departures from Swain’s pioneering work.« less

Can body mass index predict percent body fat and changes in percent body fat with weight loss in bariatric surgery patients?

PubMed

Carey, Daniel G; Raymond, Robert L

2008-07-01

The primary objective of this study was to assess the validity of body mass index (BMI) in predicting percent body fat and changes in percent body fat with weight loss in bariatric surgery patients. Twenty-two bariatric patients (17 female, five male) began the study designed to include 12 months of testing, including data collection within 1 week presurgery and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postsurgery. Five female subjects were lost to the study between 6 months and 12 months postsurgery, resulting in 17 subjects (12 female, five male) completing the 12 months of testing. Variables measured in the study included height, weight, percent fat (% fat) by hydrostatic weighing, lean mass, fat mass, and basal metabolic rate. Regression analyses predicting % fat from BMI yielded the following results: presurgery r = 0.173, p = 0.479, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 3.86; 1 month r = 0.468, p = 0.043, SEE = 4.70; 3 months r = 0.553, p = 0.014, SEE = 6.2; 6 months r = 0.611, p = 0.005, SEE = 5.88; 12 months r = 0.596, p = 0.007, SEE = 7.13. Regression analyses predicting change in % fat from change in BMI produced the following results: presurgery to 1 month r = -0.134, p = 0.583, SEE = 2.44%; 1-3 months r = 0.265, p = 0.272, SEE = 2.36%; 3-6 months r = 0.206, p = 0.398, SEE = 3.75%; 6-12 months r = 0.784, p = 0.000, SEE = 3.20. Although some analyses resulted in significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.05), the relatively large SEE values would preclude the use of BMI in predicting % fat or change in % fat with weight loss in bariatric surgery patients.

Fifty years of longitudinal continuity in general practice: a retrospective observational study.

PubMed

White, Eleanor S; Pereira Gray, Denis; Langley, Peter; Evans, Philip H

2016-04-01

Continuity of care has been defined as relational continuity between patient and doctor and longitudinal continuity describing the duration of the relationship. Measurement of longitudinal continuity alone is associated with outcomes including patient satisfaction, medical costs, hospital admissions and mortality. In one UK general practice, records were searched for patients with continuous registration for 50 or more years. Characteristics of these patients were analysed for age, gender, social deprivation, partner registration and length of registration. Trends in numbers and proportions of this group over the previous 14 years were determined. A comparison group of patients, aged 50 or more, and registered in the same practice within the last 2-4 years, was identified. Patients registered for 50 years or more with a median registration of 56.2 years numbered 190 out of a population of 8420 (2.3%). These patients increased in number by 35.3% (1.7-2.3%) over 14 consecutive years. There were no differences between groups for GP consultation rate, number of repeat medications and hospital use, despite the significantly higher prevalence of multi-morbidity, depression and diabetes in patients with high continuity. This is the first report of 50-year continuity in general practice. Numbers of such patients and proportions are increasing. Longitudinal continuity is easily measured in general practice and associated with important clinical outcomes. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

FIFTY YEARS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: Homage to Mentors, Methods, and Molecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herschbach, Dudley

2000-10-01

A nostalgic account is given of my scientific odyssey, recalling early encounters, some fateful, some just fun, with mentors, methods, and molecules. These include stories of my student years at Stanford, pursuing chemical kinetics with Harold Johnston; graduate study at Harvard, doing molecular spectroscopy with Bright Wilson; and fledgling faculty years at Berkeley, launching molecular beam studies of reaction dynamics. A few vignettes from my "ever after " era on the Harvard faculty emphasize thematic motivations or methods inviting further exploration. An Appendix provides a concise listing of colleagues in research and the topics we have pursued.

Septic abortion: a 5-year experience at Siriraj Hospital.

PubMed

Chayachinda, Chenchit; Thamkhantho, Manopchai; Bhuwapathanapun, Moalee; Srinilta, Alisara

2012-03-01

To report characteristics of the patients with septic abortion between 2006 and 2010. The present retrospective study was done by reviewing the medical records of the women who were admitted to Siriraj Hospital between 2006 and 2010 with the diagnosis of septic abortion. Eighty-three women were admitted to Siriraj Hospital and diagnosed with septic abortion. The mean age was 25.1 years (range 14 to 40 years) and the mean gestational age was 11.3 weeks (range 6 to 24 weeks). Fifty percent of them had a history of induced abortion and 65% came with an incomplete abortion. The principal presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding. Insertion of vaginal tablets appeared to be the most commonly used method of induced abortion. Ampicillin and gentamicin plus metronidazole were the mainstay empirical antibiotics. Length of hospital stay ranged from 2 to 24 days. After the clinical improvement, oral pill was the most popular contraceptive method. Septic abortion remains a big issue in Thai society. To mitigate the problem, sex education, particularly emphases on contraception, should be encouraged.

Occupational Contact Dermatitis in the Canadian Aircraft Industry: A 25-Year Retrospective Study.

PubMed

Loranger, Camille; Moreau, Linda; Sasseville, Denis

2018-03-24

Aircraft building exposes workers to irritant and sensitizing products. The aim of this article was to study occupational dermatoses among aircraft workers over 25 years. The files of aerospace workers referred between 1990 and 2015 were extracted from the database of the McGill University Health Centre contact dermatitis clinic. These were subdivided according to demographics, type of work, patch testing results, and final diagnosis. Of 305 workers, 58% were 40 years or younger; one third were women. Onset of dermatitis varied from 2 months to 25 years, but 120 cases (39%) occurred during the first 3 years. Fifty-one percent of the cases involved assemblers, and 27% were composite material technicians, which were overrepresented as they constitute 10% of the workforce. Of the 305 workers, 152 suffered from allergic contact dermatitis, and 96 had irritant contact dermatitis. Of those with allergic contact dermatitis, 124 reacted to epoxy-based workplace products, but only 48 had positive patch tests to commercially available epoxy allergens. More than 60% of the cases of epoxy allergy would have been missed without testing with workplace products.

Fifty thousand years of Arctic vegetation and megafaunal diet.

PubMed

Willerslev, Eske; Davison, John; Moora, Mari; Zobel, Martin; Coissac, Eric; Edwards, Mary E; Lorenzen, Eline D; Vestergård, Mette; Gussarova, Galina; Haile, James; Craine, Joseph; Gielly, Ludovic; Boessenkool, Sanne; Epp, Laura S; Pearman, Peter B; Cheddadi, Rachid; Murray, David; Bråthen, Kari Anne; Yoccoz, Nigel; Binney, Heather; Cruaud, Corinne; Wincker, Patrick; Goslar, Tomasz; Alsos, Inger Greve; Bellemain, Eva; Brysting, Anne Krag; Elven, Reidar; Sønstebø, Jørn Henrik; Murton, Julian; Sher, Andrei; Rasmussen, Morten; Rønn, Regin; Mourier, Tobias; Cooper, Alan; Austin, Jeremy; Möller, Per; Froese, Duane; Zazula, Grant; Pompanon, François; Rioux, Delphine; Niderkorn, Vincent; Tikhonov, Alexei; Savvinov, Grigoriy; Roberts, Richard G; MacPhee, Ross D E; Gilbert, M Thomas P; Kjær, Kurt H; Orlando, Ludovic; Brochmann, Christian; Taberlet, Pierre

2014-02-06

Although it is generally agreed that the Arctic flora is among the youngest and least diverse on Earth, the processes that shaped it are poorly understood. Here we present 50 thousand years (kyr) of Arctic vegetation history, derived from the first large-scale ancient DNA metabarcoding study of circumpolar plant diversity. For this interval we also explore nematode diversity as a proxy for modelling vegetation cover and soil quality, and diets of herbivorous megafaunal mammals, many of which became extinct around 10 kyr bp (before present). For much of the period investigated, Arctic vegetation consisted of dry steppe-tundra dominated by forbs (non-graminoid herbaceous vascular plants). During the Last Glacial Maximum (25-15 kyr bp), diversity declined markedly, although forbs remained dominant. Much changed after 10 kyr bp, with the appearance of moist tundra dominated by woody plants and graminoids. Our analyses indicate that both graminoids and forbs would have featured in megafaunal diets. As such, our findings question the predominance of a Late Quaternary graminoid-dominated Arctic mammoth steppe.

Prices Paid by Colleges Rise 3.6 Percent, Trailing Consumer Price Index

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blumenstyk, Goldie

2008-01-01

This article reports that the Higher Education Price Index (HEPI), a widely used measure of colleges' costs, rose by 3.6 percent for the 2008 fiscal year, which ended on June 30. But even as they reported the good news of that moderate increase, experts at the Commonfund Institute who maintain the index noted that broader economic trends could…

Effects of thermomechanical processing on tensile and long-time creep behavior of Nb-1 percent Zr-0.1 percent C sheet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Titran, Robert H.; Uz, Mehmet

1994-01-01

Effects of thermomechanical processing on the mechanical properties of Nb-1 wt. percent Zr-0.1 wt. percent C, a candidate alloy for use in advanced space power systems, were investigated. Sheet bars were cold rolled into 1-mm thick sheets following single, double, or triple extrusion operations at 1900 K. All the creep and tensile specimens were given a two-step heat treatment 1 hr at 1755 K + 2 hr 1475 K prior to testing. Tensile properties were determined at 300 as well as at 1350 K. Microhardness measurements were made on cold rolled, heat treated, and crept samples. Creep tests were carried out at 1350 K and 34.5 MPa for times of about 10,000 to 19,000 hr. The results show that the number of extrusions had some effects on both the microhardness and tensile properties. However, the long-time creep behavior of the samples were comparable, and all were found to have adequate properties to meet the design requirements of advanced power systems regardless of thermomechanical history. The results are discussed in correlation with processing and microstructure, and further compared to the results obtained from the testing of Nb-1 wt. percent Zr and Nb-1 wt. percent Zr-0.06 wt. percent C alloys.

SERIAL PERCENT-FREE PSA IN COMBINATION WITH PSA FOR POPULATION-BASED EARLY DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER

PubMed Central

Ankerst, Donna Pauler; Gelfond, Jonathan; Goros, Martin; Herrera, Jesus; Strobl, Andreas; Thompson, Ian M.; Hernandez, Javier; Leach, Robin J.

2016-01-01

PURPOSE To characterize the diagnostic properties of serial percent-free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in relation to PSA in a multi-ethnic, multi-racial cohort of healthy men. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6,982 percent-free PSA and PSA measures were obtained from participants in a 12 year+ Texas screening study comprising 1625 men who never underwent biopsy, 497 who underwent one or more biopsies negative for prostate cancer, and 61 diagnosed with prostate cancer. Area underneath the receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUC) for percent-free PSA, and the proportion of patients with fluctuating values across multiple visits were determined according to two thresholds (under 15% versus 25%) were evaluated. The proportion of cancer cases where percent-free PSA indicated a positive test before PSA > 4 ng/mL did and the number of negative biopsies that would have been spared by percent-free PSA testing negative were computed. RESULTS Percent-free PSA fluctuated around its threshold of < 25% (< 15%) in 38.3% (78.1%), 42.2% (20.9%), and 11.4% (25.7%) of patients never biopsied, with negative and positive biopsies, respectively. At the same thresholds, percent-free PSA tested positive earlier than PSA in 71.4% (34.2%) of cancer cases, and among men with multiple negative biopsies and a PSA > 4 ng/mL, percent-free PSA would have tested negative in 31.6% (65.8%) instances. CONCLUSIONS Percent-free PSA should accompany PSA testing in order to potentially spare unnecessary biopsies or detect cancer earlier. When near the threshold, both tests should be repeated due to commonly observed fluctuation. PMID:26979652

Fiction or not? Fifty Shades is associated with health risks in adolescent and young adult females.

PubMed

Bonomi, Amy E; Nemeth, Julianna M; Altenburger, Lauren E; Anderson, Melissa L; Snyder, Anastasia; Dotto, Irma

2014-09-01

No prior study has empirically characterized the association between health risks and reading popular fiction depicting violence against women. Fifty Shades--a blockbuster fiction series--depicts pervasive violence against women, perpetuating a broader social narrative that normalizes these types of risks and behaviors in women's lives. The present study characterized the association between health risks in women who read and did not read Fifty Shades; while our cross-sectional study design precluded causal determinations, an empirical representation of the health risks in women consuming the problematic messages in Fifty Shades is made. Females ages 18 to 24 (n=715), who were enrolled in a large Midwestern university, completed a cross-sectional online survey about their health behaviors and Fifty Shades' readership. The analysis included 655 females (219 who read at least the first Fifty Shades novel and 436 who did not read any part of Fifty Shades). Age- and race-adjusted multivariable models characterized Fifty Shades' readers and nonreaders on intimate partner violence victimization (experiencing physical, sexual and psychological abuse, including cyber-abuse, at some point during their lifetime); binge drinking (consuming five or more alcoholic beverages on six or more days in the last month); sexual practices (having five or more intercourse partners and/or one or more anal sex partner during their lifetime); and using diet aids or fasting for 24 or more hours at some point during their lifetime. One-third of subjects read Fifty Shades (18.6%, or 122/655, read all three novels, and 14.8%, or 97/655, read at least the first novel but not all three). In age- and race-adjusted models, compared with nonreaders, females who read at least the first novel (but not all three) were more likely than nonreaders to have had, during their lifetime, a partner who shouted, yelled, or swore at them (relative risk [RR]=1.25) and who delivered unwanted calls/text messages

Maternal mental health, substance use, and domestic violence in the year after delivery and subsequent behavior problems in children at age 3 years.

PubMed

Whitaker, Robert C; Orzol, Sean M; Kahn, Robert S

2006-05-01

Mental health disorders, substance use, and domestic violence often occur together. However, studies examining the impact of these conditions in mothers on the well-being of their children have focused only on isolated conditions. To examine the cumulative effect of maternal mental health disorders, substance use, and domestic violence on the risk of behavior problems in young children. A birth cohort (1998-2000) followed up to age 3 years. Eighteen large US cities. At 3 years, 2756 (65%) were followed up from the population-based birth cohort of 4242. Thirty-six percent had annual incomes below the poverty threshold. One year after delivery, mothers were asked questions about conditions in 3 categories: (1) mental health (major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder), (2) substance use (smoking, binge drinking, and illicit drug use), and (3) domestic violence (emotional and physical). At 3 years, mothers completed questions from the Child Behavior Checklist. Fifty percent of mothers had a condition in at least 1 of the 3 categories. The prevalence of child behavior problems increased with the number of categories (0, 1, 2, or 3) in which the mother reported a condition: respectively, 7%, 12%, 17%, and 19% for aggression (P<.001); 9%, 14%, 16%, and 27% for anxious/depressed (P<.001); and 7%, 12%, 15%, and 19% for inattention/hyperactivity (P<.001). This graded risk persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic and prenatal factors and for paternal mental health and substance use. The risk of child behavior problems increased with the number of areas--mental health, substance use, or domestic violence--in which the mother reported difficulties. Preventing behavior problems in young children requires family-oriented strategies that address the needs of both parents and their children.

Travellers' profile, travel patterns and vaccine practices--a 10-year prospective study in a Swiss Travel Clinic.

PubMed

Boubaker, Rim; Meige, Pierrette; Mialet, Catherine; Buffat, Chantal Ngarambe; Uwanyiligira, Mediatrice; Widmer, Francine; Rochat, Jacynthe; Fossati, Annie Hérard; Souvannaraj-Blanchant, Manisinh; Payot, Sylvie; Rochat, Laurence; de Vallière, Serge; Genton, Blaise; D'Acremont, Valérie

2016-01-01

The travel clinic in Lausanne serves a catchment area of 700 000 of inhabitants and provides pre- and post-travel consultations. This study describes the profile of attendees before departure, their travel patterns and the travel clinic practices in terms of vaccination over time. We included all pre-travel first consultation data recorded between November 2002 and December 2012 by a custom-made program DIAMM/G. We analysed client profiles, travel characteristics and vaccinations prescribed over time. Sixty-five thousand and forty-six client-trips were recorded. Fifty-one percent clients were female. Mean age was 32 years. In total, 0.1% were aged <1 year and 0.2% ≥80 years. Forty-six percent of travellers had pre-existing medical conditions. Forty-six percent were travelling to Africa, 35% to Asia, 20% to Latin America and 1% (each) to Oceania and Europe; 19% visited more than one country. India was the most common destination (9.6% of travellers) followed by Thailand (8.6%) and Kenya (6.4%). Seventy-three percent of travellers were planning to travel for ≤ 4 weeks. The main reasons for travel were tourism (75%) and visiting friends and relatives (18%). Sixteen percent were backpackers. Pre-travel advice were sought a median of 29 days before departure. Ninety-nine percent received vaccine(s). The most frequently administered vaccines were hepatitis A (53%), tetanus-diphtheria (46%), yellow fever (39%), poliomyelitis (38%) and typhoid fever (30%). The profile of travel clinic attendees was younger than the general Swiss population. A significant proportion of travellers received vaccinations that are recommended in the routine national programme. These findings highlight the important role of travel clinics to (i) take care of an age group that has little contact with general practitioners and (ii) update vaccination status. The most commonly prescribed travel-related vaccines were for hepatitis A and yellow fever. The question remains to know whether

Fifty years of progress in speech and speaker recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furui, Sadaoki

2004-10-01

Speech and speaker recognition technology has made very significant progress in the past 50 years. The progress can be summarized by the following changes: (1) from template matching to corpus-base statistical modeling, e.g., HMM and n-grams, (2) from filter bank/spectral resonance to Cepstral features (Cepstrum + DCepstrum + DDCepstrum), (3) from heuristic time-normalization to DTW/DP matching, (4) from gdistanceh-based to likelihood-based methods, (5) from maximum likelihood to discriminative approach, e.g., MCE/GPD and MMI, (6) from isolated word to continuous speech recognition, (7) from small vocabulary to large vocabulary recognition, (8) from context-independent units to context-dependent units for recognition, (9) from clean speech to noisy/telephone speech recognition, (10) from single speaker to speaker-independent/adaptive recognition, (11) from monologue to dialogue/conversation recognition, (12) from read speech to spontaneous speech recognition, (13) from recognition to understanding, (14) from single-modality (audio signal only) to multi-modal (audio/visual) speech recognition, (15) from hardware recognizer to software recognizer, and (16) from no commercial application to many practical commercial applications. Most of these advances have taken place in both the fields of speech recognition and speaker recognition. The majority of technological changes have been directed toward the purpose of increasing robustness of recognition, including many other additional important techniques not noted above.

The Pentagon: The First Fifty Years

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Secretary of War Stimson reviewed it. Initially "skeptical," Stimson finally concurrcd. He wrote in his diary that "it will cost a lot of money, but it will...wrote in his diary : "It struck me as so fantastic that I did not express myself to him, but I told Somervell afterwards... I should absolutely refuse to...8217l Jill10 i"Il LtW ILI il Ih( "IM Ol*110 II )’(1 ol11 ,(\\ o n u l tl,1 + Rivci Eqttancc At ’M AyA I’wP e Pentagon Lore The Pentagon entered into

Fifty years of obstetrics and gynaecology.

PubMed

Drife, James O

2016-10-01

The term 'obstetrics and gynaecology' now feels like an outmoded name for women's health care. Since the 1960s the specialty has been transformed by social change, technical innovation and medical subspecialization, although the core values of good clinical practice remain unchanged.

Catenanes: Fifty Years of Molecular Links

PubMed Central

Gil-Ramírez, Guzmán; Leigh, David A; Stephens, Alexander J

2015-01-01

Half a century after Schill and Lüttringhaus carried out the first directed synthesis of a [2]catenane, a plethora of strategies now exist for the construction of molecular Hopf links (singly interlocked rings), the simplest type of catenane. The precision and effectiveness with which suitable templates and/or noncovalent interactions can arrange building blocks has also enabled the synthesis of intricate and often beautiful higher order interlocked systems, including Solomon links, Borromean rings, and a Star of David catenane. This Review outlines the diverse strategies that exist for synthesizing catenanes in the 21st century and examines their emerging applications and the challenges that still exist for the synthesis of more complex topologies. PMID:25951013

The Kitty Genovese Story in Introductory Psychology Textbooks: Fifty Years Later

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griggs, Richard A.

2015-01-01

Given the many inaccuracies in the original "New York Times" 38-witnesses version of the Kitty Genovese story, this study examined the accuracy of this story in current introductory psychology textbooks, 50 years later. Recent studies have shown that there is no evidence for the following three key features of the original story: (1)…

[From conventional cytogenetics to microarrays. Fifty years of Philadelphia chromosome].

PubMed

Hernández, Jesús M; Granada, Isabel; Solé, Francesc

2011-07-23

In 1960 Ph-chromosome was found associated with the presence of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In these 50 years an increasing number of cytogenetic abnormalities have been found associated with hematological malignancies. The presence of these abnormalities is not only important for the diagnosis of the patient, but it also contributes to the prognosis of patients with leukemia or lymphoma. For this reason the WHO classification of hematological disease has included these studies for the correct characterization of leukemias and lymphomas. In addition, the use of FISH and micromatrix methodologies have refined the genetic lesions present in these malignancies. The cytogenetic changes observed also provide further information in relation to the therapy. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

Fifty Years Later: A Chance to Get ESEA Back on Track

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bishop, Joseph P.; Jackson, John H.

2015-01-01

Looking at the evolution of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) over the last 50 years, this paper argues that many of the racial, social, and economic inequities of 1965 that President Johnson was hoping to address have only been accelerated. It's not only time for a modern rethink on educational equity, but also a much broader set…

Causes of prolonged jaundice in infancy: 3-year experience in a tertiary paediatric centre.

PubMed

Andre, Margaret; Day, Andrew S

2016-01-29

Although prolonged jaundice (PJ) commonly occurs in infancy, there is not yet agreement as to the appropriate extent of investigations, particularly in otherwise well children. Significant pathologies may present with PJ in this age group and need to be considered. The aim of this retrospective study was to ascertain the causes of PJ in infants referred to a single tertiary paediatric centre. Infants referred with PJ over a 3-year period were identified. Clinical documentation, electronic notes and results of investigations performed prior to and after referral were reviewed. One hundred and sixty-seven infants with PJ were seen. Fifty-eight percent were over 28 days of age. Four patients had conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Eighteen percent of patients were found to have a specific medical diagnosis causing or contributing to PJ, almost half of whom had normal clinical examination. The single most common pathological cause for PJ was hypothyroidism found in six patients. This study demonstrates that normal clinical examination and exclusion of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia are insufficient to exclude pathological causes of PJ. Overall, these children were referred late. Guidelines, in conjunction with education initiatives, are required to optimise the management of prolonged jaundice in infancy.

Monitoring breeding and migration of neotropical migratory birds at Point Loma, San Diego County, California, 5-year summary, 2011–15

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lynn, Suellen; Madden, Melanie C.; Kus, Barbara E.

2017-04-27

Executive SummaryWe operated a bird banding station on the Point Loma peninsula in western San Diego County, California, during spring and summer from 2011 to 2015. The station was established in 2010 as part of a long-term monitoring program for neotropical migratory birds during spring migration and for breeding birds as part of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program.During spring migration (April and May), 2011–15, we captured 1,760 individual birds of 54 species, 91 percent (1,595) of which were newly banded, fewer than 1 percent (3) of which were recaptures that were banded in previous years, and 9 percent (143 hummingbirds, 2 hawks, and 17 other birds) of which we released unbanded. We observed an additional 22 species that were not captured. Thirty-four individuals were captured more than once. Bird capture rate averaged 0.49 ± 0.07 captures per net-hour (range 0.41–0.56). Species richness per day averaged 6.87 ± 0.33. Cardellina pusilla (Wilson’s warbler) was the most abundant spring migrant captured, followed by Empidonax difficilis (Pacific-slope flycatcher), Vireo gilvus (warbling vireo), Zonotrichia leucophrys (white-crowned sparrow), and Selasphorus rufus (rufous hummingbird). Captures of white-crowned sparrow decreased, and captures of Pacific-slope flycatcher increased, over the 5 years of our study. Fifty-six percent of known-sex individuals were male and 44 percent were female. The peak number of new species arriving per day ranged from April 1 (2013-six species) to April 16 (2012-five species). A significant correlation was determined between the number of migrants captured each day per net-hour and the density of echoes on the Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) images across all 5 years, and in each year except 2014. NEXRAD radar imagery appears to be a useful tool for detecting pulses in migration.Our results indicate that Point Loma provides stopover habitat during migration for 76 migratory species, including 20

Fifty Years of Research in ARDS. Genomic Contributions and Opportunities.

PubMed

Reilly, John P; Christie, Jason D; Meyer, Nuala J

2017-11-01

Clinical factors alone poorly explain acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk and ARDS outcome. In the search for individual factors that may influence ARDS risk, the past 20 years have witnessed the identification of numerous genes and genetic variants that are associated with ARDS. The field of ARDS genomics has cycled from candidate gene association studies to bias-free approaches that identify new candidates, and increasing effort is made to understand the functional consequences that may underlie significant associations. More recently, methodologies of causal inference are being applied to maximize the information gained from genetic associations. Although challenges of sample size, both recognized and unrecognized phenotypic heterogeneity, and the paucity of early ARDS lung tissue limit some applications of the rapidly evolving field of genomic investigation, ongoing genetic research offers unique contributions to elucidating ARDS pathogenesis and the paradigm of precision ARDS medicine.

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

FIFTY YEARS OF MELPHALAN USE IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

PubMed Central

Bayraktar, Ulas D.; Bashir, Qaiser; Qazilbash, Muzaffar; Champlin, Richard E.; Ciurea, Stefan O.

2015-01-01

Melphalan remains the most widely used agent in preparative regimens for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. From its initial discovery more than 50 years ago, it has been gradually incorporated in the conditioning regimens for both autologous and allogeneic transplantation due to its myeloablative properties and broad antitumor effects as a DNA alkylating agent. Melphalan remains the mainstay conditioning for multiple myeloma and lymphomas; and has been used successfully in preparative regimens of a variety of other hematological and non-hematological malignancies. The addition of newer agents to conditioning like bortezomib or lenalidomide for myeloma, or clofarabine for myeloid malignancies, may improve antitumor effects for transplantation, while in combination with alemtuzumab may represent a backbone for future cellular therapy due to reliable engraftment and low toxicity profile. This review summarizes the development and the current use of this remarkable drug in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. PMID:22922522

"Double crap!" abuse and harmed identity in Fifty Shades of Grey.

PubMed

Bonomi, Amy E; Altenburger, Lauren E; Walton, Nicole L

2013-09-01

While intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 25% of women and impairs health, current societal conditions-including the normalization of abuse in popular culture such as novels, film, and music-create the context to support such violence. Fifty Shades of Grey, a best-selling novel, depicts a "romantic" and "erotic" relationship involving 28-year-old megamillionaire, Christian Grey, and a 22-year-old college student, Anastasia Steele. We argue that the relationship is characterized by IPV, which is harmful to Anastasia. All authors engaged in iterative readings of the text, and wrote narrative summaries to elucidate themes. Validity checks included double review of the first eight chapters of the novel to establish consistency in our analysis approach, iterative discussions in-person and electronically to arbitrate discrepancies, and review of our analysis with other abuse and sexual practice experts. To characterize IPV, we used the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's definitions of emotional abuse (intimidation/threats; isolation; stalking; and humiliation) and sexual violence (forced sex acts/contact against a person's will, including using alcohol/drugs or intimidation/pressure). To characterize harm, we used Smith's conceptualizations of perceived threat, managing, altered identity, yearning, entrapment, and disempowerment experienced by abused women. Emotional abuse is present in nearly every interaction, including: stalking (Christian deliberately follows Anastasia and appears in unusual places, uses a phone and computer to track Anastasia's whereabouts, and delivers expensive gifts); intimidation (Christian uses intimidating verbal and nonverbal behaviors, such as routinely commanding Anastasia to eat and threatening to punish her); and isolation (Christian limits Anastasia's social contact). Sexual violence is pervasive-including using alcohol to compromise Anastasia's consent, as well as intimidation (Christian initiates sexual encounters

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

The 25 percent-efficient GaAs Cassegrainian concentrator cell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamaker, H. C.; Grounner, M.; Kaminar, N. R.; Kuryla, M. S.; Ladle, M. J.; Liu, D. D.; Macmillan, H. F.; Partain, L. D.; Virshup, G. F.; Werthen, J. G.

1989-01-01

Very high-efficiency GaAs Cassegrainian solar cells have been fabricated in both the n-p and p-n configurations. The n-p configuration exhibits the highest efficiency at concentration, the best cells having an efficiency eta of 24.5 percent (100X, AM0, temperature T = 28 C). Although the cells are designed for operation at this concentration, peak efficiency is observed near 300 suns (eta = 25.1 percent). To our knowledge, this is the highest reported solar cell efficiency for space applications. The improvement in efficiency over that reported at the previous SPRAT conference is attributed primarily to lower series resistance and improved grid-line plating procedures. Using previously measured temperature coefficients, researchers estimate that the n-p GaAs cells should deliver approximately 22.5 percent efficiency at the operating conditions of 100 suns and T = 80 C. This performance exceeds the NASA program goal of 22 percent for the Cassegrainian cell. One hundred Cassegrainian cells have been sent to NASA as deliverables, sixty-eight in the n-p configuration and thirty-two in the p-n configuration.

28 percent efficient GaAs concentrator solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Macmillan, H. F.; Hamaker, H. C.; Kaminar, N. R.; Kuryla, M. S.; Ladle Ristow, M.

1988-01-01

AlGaAs/GaAs heteroface solar concentrator cells which exhibit efficiencies in excess of 27 percent at high solar concentrations (over 400 suns, AM1.5D, 100 mW/sq cm) have been fabricated with both n/p and p/n configurations. The best n/p cell achieved an efficiency of 28.1 percent around 400 suns, and the best p/n cell achieved an efficiency of 27.5 percent around 1000 suns. The high performance of these GaAs concentrator cells compared to earlier high-efficiency cells was due to improved control of the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth conditions and improved cell fabrication procedures (gridline definition and edge passivation). The design parameters of the solar cell structures and optimized grid pattern were determined with a realistic computer modeling program. An evaluation of the device characteristics and a discussion of future GaAs concentrator cell development are presented.

Experiments on the Dynamics of Molecular Processes: a Chronicle of Fifty Years

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boato, Giovanni; Volpi, Gian Gualberto

1999-10-01

This paper reviews the way in which, in the Italy of the years immediately after World War II, interest in the dynamics of molecular processes was awakened. The narrative begins with the work of a small number of chemists and physicists who, in the initial stage, interacted closely. In the course of the years, their interests diverged and younger people joined the newly formed groups. Even now, after half a century, a common approach can still to be seen regarding how to attack problems and perform experiments. Experimental work is discussed, bringing out the common viewpoint of fields as diverse as mass spectrometry, isotope effects, chemical kinetics, molecular beams, molecule-molecule interactions, molecule-ion interactions, molecule-surface interactions, and plasma chemistry.

The Texas Ten Percent Plan's Impact on College Enrollment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daugherty, Lindsay; Martorell, Paco; McFarlin, Isaac, Jr.

2014-01-01

The Texas Ten Percent Plan (TTP) provides students in the top 10 percent of their high-school class with automatic admission to any public university in the state, including the two flagship schools, the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M. Texas created the policy in 1997 after a federal appellate court ruled that the state's previous…

0.4 Percent Scale Space Launch System Wind Tunnel Test

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-11-15

0.4 Percent Scale Space Launch System Wind Tunnel Test 0.4 Percent Scale SLS model installed in the NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel Test Section 1 for aerodynamic force and movement testing.

Introducing High School Students to NMR Spectroscopy through Percent Composition Determination Using Low-Field Spectrometers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonjour, Jessica L.; Pitzer, Joy M.; Frost, John A.

2015-01-01

Mole to gram conversions, density, and percent composition are fundamental concepts in first year chemistry at the high school or undergraduate level; however, students often find it difficult to engage with these concepts. We present a simple laboratory experiment utilizing portable nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to determine the…

[Rheumatoid arthritis among mapuche aborigines. A 16 years experience in the IX Region of the Chile].

PubMed

Kaliski, S; Bustos, L; Artigas, C; Alarcón, C; Vega, M A; Cárdenas, C

2001-03-01

Mapuche, Chilean natives, represent approximately 9.8% of Chilean population and in the IX region of the country, they account for 18.4% of population over 15 years old. They preserve some socio-cultural characteristics that make them different to the rest of the population. To describe the epidemiological characteristics rheumatoid arthritis among Mapuche natives. Retrospective review of patients of Mapuche origin with rheumatoid arthritis, seen at Temuco Hospital between 1980 and 1996. Among 308 cases gathered, only 106 (93 women, aged 55 +/- 10 years old) complied with 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. The disease began between 29 and 52 years old in 73% of patients and the mean delay in diagnosis was 4.4 years. At diagnosis, 99% had symmetric poliarthritis, 28.3% had either fatigue, fever or weight loss, and 46.9% were in class III or in class IV of ACR-1991. Fifty three percent of patients developed Sicca syndrome, 36% developed nodules, 23% developed Raynaud phenomenon, 11% developed pulmonary involvement, 7% developed vasculitis, 5% developed neurological manifestations and 19% developed ophthalmologic involvement. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 78% and 73% had erosions. HLA DR4 was (+) in 60% of 30 patients. Thirty percent required 3 or more disease modifying drugs and prednisone over 10 mg/day. There was no correlation between functional capacity and several other features of the disease. Mapuche rheumatoid arthritis patients are detected late and have a poor functional capacity at the time of diagnosis. They also have a higher proportion of extraarticular manifestations, more erosions and require more aggressive treatments.

Fifty Years of Water Cycle Change expressed in Ocean Salinity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Durack, P. J.; Wijffels, S.

2010-12-01

underestimation of change patterns by the CMIP3 model suite is well documented in recent literature describing changes to the atmospheric and terrestrial arms of the global water cycle. These new observational ocean results add emphasis to the conclusion that the rate of observed changes in the 20th century are larger than CMIP3 models, and simplified physical theories predict. A) The 50-year linear surface salinity trend (pss/50-years). Contours every 0.25 pss are plotted in white. B) Ocean-atmosphere freshwater flux (m3 yr-1) averaged over 1980-1993 (Josey et al., 1998). Contours every 1 m3 yr-1 are in white. On both panels, the 1975 surface mean salinity is contoured black (contour interval 0.5 pss for thin lines, 1 for thick lines).

Introduction to the focus issue: fifty years of chaos: applied and theoretical.

PubMed

Hikihara, Takashi; Holmes, Philip; Kambe, Tsutomu; Rega, Giuseppe

2012-12-01

The discovery of deterministic chaos in the late nineteenth century, its subsequent study, and the development of mathematical and computational methods for its analysis have substantially influenced the sciences. Chaos is, however, only one phenomenon in the larger area of dynamical systems theory. This Focus Issue collects 13 papers, from authors and research groups representing the mathematical, physical, and biological sciences, that were presented at a symposium held at Kyoto University from November 28 to December 2, 2011. The symposium, sponsored by the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, was called 50 Years of Chaos: Applied and Theoretical. Following some historical remarks to provide a background for the last 50 years, and for chaos, this Introduction surveys the papers and identifies some common themes that appear in them and in the theory of dynamical systems.

The centenary of Lester Dragstedt--fifty years of therapeutic vagotomy.

PubMed Central

Modlin, I. M.; Darr, U.

1994-01-01

Lester Reynolds Dragstedt was trained initially as a physiologist and subsequently became a surgeon. He achieved renown not only because of his intellectual and technical skills, but because he was able to utilize physiological principles to define the development of surgical procedures. A humble upbringing in Anaconda, Montana was followed by a scientific education in Chicago. His brief background in surgery was obtained during a two year period spent mostly in Vienna and Budapest. At the University of Chicago, he pioneered the development of therapeutic vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. His research interests were many and varied, ranging from the toxemia of intestinal obstruction to the quest for a pancreatic hormone which might regulate fat metabolism. After retiring as Chairman of Surgery at the University of Chicago, he assumed a research position in surgery at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Dragstedt was a creative scientist, a superlative clinical surgeon, and a teacher honored by his pupils. The example of his life confirms the benefit of scientific inquiry when applied to clinical and surgical practice. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 5 PMID:7502534

A brief history of inhaled asthma therapy over the last fifty years.

PubMed

Crompton, Graham

2006-12-01

This year is the 50th anniversary of the introduction into clinical use of the first modern inhaler for the management of asthma--the pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). The pMDI was initially used for the administration of the non-selective beta-agonists adrenaline and isoprenaline. However, the epidemic of asthma deaths which occurred in the 1960s led to these drugs being superseded by the selective short-acting beta-agonist salbutamol, and the first inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) beclomethasone. At the same time, sodium cromoglycate was introduced, to be administered via the first dry-powder inhaler--the Spinhaler--but owing to its relatively weak anti-inflammatory action its use is now very limited. Over the last 10 years, the long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) have become an important add-on therapy for the management of asthma, and they are now often used with ICS in a single ICS/LABA combination inhaler.

Growth of A 30-Year Cherrybark Oak Plantation 6 Years After Thinning

Treesearch

Wayne K. Clatterbuck

2002-01-01

A 24-year cherrybark oak (Quercus falcata var. pagodifolia) plantation in the Coastal Plain of west Tennessee was thinned during the winter of 1994-1995. Growth in the plantation was severely stagnated. Trees were planted at a 9 by 9-foot spacing and survival was 69 percent after 24 years after decreasing from 88 percent at age 15...

7 CFR 762.129 - Percent of guarantee and maximum loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Percent of guarantee and maximum loss. 762.129 Section 762.129 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.129 Percent of guarantee and maximum...

12 CFR 741.4 - Insurance premium and one percent deposit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Insurance premium and one percent deposit. 741... Insurance premium and one percent deposit. (a) Scope. This section implements the requirements of Section... payment of an insurance premium. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: Available assets ratio...

31 CFR 363.144 - Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Can I redeem my zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.144 Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You can redeem...

31 CFR 363.144 - Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Can I redeem my zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.144 Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You can redeem...

31 CFR 363.144 - Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Can I redeem my zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.144 Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You can redeem...

12 CFR 741.4 - Insurance premium and one percent deposit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Insurance premium and one percent deposit. 741... Insurance premium and one percent deposit. (a) Scope. This section implements the requirements of Section... payment of an insurance premium. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: (1) Available assets ratio...

26 CFR 1.1348-2 - Computation of the fifty-percent maximum tax on earned income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... compensation for A's personal services rendered by him in his laundry business would be $12,000. The net... earned income. 1.1348-2 Section 1.1348-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... account in determining the net profits of a trade or business in which both personal services and capital...

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182 Section 173.182 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more...

30 CFR 57.22236 - Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22236 Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines). If methane reaches 1.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than...

30 CFR 57.22239 - Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22239 Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines). If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than...

30 CFR 57.22239 - Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22239 Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines). If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than...

30 CFR 57.22236 - Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22236 Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines). If methane reaches 1.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than...

78 FR 14844 - Topaz Exchange, LLC; Order Granting Application for a Conditional Exemption Pursuant to Section...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

..., in turn, is fifty percent (50%) owned by Deutsche B[ouml]rse AG (``Deutsche B[ouml]rse'') and fifty percent (50%) owned by Eurex Global Derivatives AG (``EGD''). Deutsche B[ouml]rse has one hundred percent... Zurich, Deutsche B[ouml]rse and EGD (collectively, the ``Foreign Direct Affiliates''), which in turn hold...

A Collaborative Endeavour between Mathematics and Science Educators: Focus on the Use of Percent in Chemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramful, Ajay; Bedgood, Danny; Lowrie, Thomas

2016-01-01

This paper is the outcome of a collaborative endeavour between mathematics and science educators where the insight from each field mutually informed one another. Specifically, building on the knowledge base from mathematics education research, this study analyses the ways in which percent is interpreted by first year university students in general…

Does Percent Body Fat Predict Outcome in Anorexia Nervosa?

PubMed Central

Mayer, Laurel E.S.; Roberto, Christina A.; Glasofer, Deborah R.; Etu, Sarah Fischer; Gallagher, Dympna; Wang, Jack; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Pierson, Richard N.; Attia, Evelyn; Devlin, Michael J.; Walsh, B. Timothy

2009-01-01

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship of body composition and neuroendocrine levels with clinical outcome in women with anorexia nervosa in a relapse-prevention trial. Method Body composition and fasting cortisol and leptin levels were assessed before random assignment in 32 weight-recovered subjects with anorexia nervosa from the New York site of the Fluoxetine to Prevent Relapse in Women With Anorexia Nervosa trial. Clinical outcome at the end of study participation was defined using modified Morgan-Russell criteria (full, good, fair, poor), then dichotomized into treatment “success” or “failure.” Results In a binary logistic regression model examining the effect of percent body fat, body mass index, anorexia nervosa subtype, waist-to-hip ratio, and serum cortisol and leptin levels on treatment outcome, only percent body fat was significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions In recently weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa, lower percent body fat was associated with poor long-term outcome. PMID:17541059

Predictive validity of four bioelectrical impedance equations in determining percent fat mass in overweight and obese children.

PubMed

Cleary, Jane; Daniells, Suzie; Okely, Anthony D; Batterham, Marijka; Nicholls, Jessie

2008-01-01

Bioelectrical impedance equations are frequently used by food and nutrition professionals to estimate percent fat mass in overweight and obese children. However, it is not known whether they are accurate for such children, as they have been primarily developed for children of varying body weights. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the predictive validity of four previously published prediction equations developed for the pediatric population, among a sample of overweight and obese children. Thirty overweight or obese children (mean age=7.57+/-1.28 years) underwent measurement of fat mass, percent fat mass, and fat-free mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Impedance values from the BIA were entered into the four prediction equations and Pearson correlations used to determine the significance of associations between each of the BIA prediction equations and DEXA for percent fat mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass. For percent fat mass, paired t tests were used to assess differences between the methods and the technique of Bland and Altman was used to determine bias and error. Results showed that the mean percent fat mass as determined by DEXA for this age group was 40.79%. In comparison with other BIA prediction equations, the Schaefer equation had the closest mean value of 41.98%, and was the only equation not to significantly differ from the DEXA (P=0.121). This study suggests that the Schaefer equation is the only accurate BIA prediction equation for assessing percent fat mass in this sample of overweight and obese children from primarily white backgrounds.

86 Percent of Tops and 54 Percent of Slabs and Edgings Unused in Central Piedmont of South Carolina

Treesearch

William H.B. Haines

1953-01-01

In the West, 30 percent of pulpwood requirements are supplied by logging and mill residues. Most of this material is obtained from large lumber operations. In the Southeast, where portable sawmills and small and scattered timber tracts are characteristic, salvage is more difficult. However, the tremendous volume of available material stimulates considerable interest...

Fifty Years in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werry, John

2013-01-01

John Werry completed training in child and adolescent psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal, and has been a world renowned leader in children's mental health. Drawing on a half century of work in Canada, the United States, and his native New Zealand, he shares his reflections and vision for the future in the interview given for this…

History * Autobiography * Growth: (Fifty Years since Dartmouth)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doecke, Brenton

2016-01-01

This essay explores how my professional experiences as an English educator have been shaped by the values and beliefs that are typically associated with the Dartmouth Seminar of 1966 as they were presented by John Dixon in his immensely influential report of that seminar, "Growth Through English." Rather than seeing "Growth"…

The Fifty Year Rehabilitation of the Egg

PubMed Central

McNamara, Donald J.

2015-01-01

The 1968 American Heart Association announced a dietary recommendation that all individuals consume less than 300 mg of dietary cholesterol per day and no more than three whole eggs per week. This recommendation has not only significantly impacted the dietary patterns of the population, but also resulted in the public limiting a highly nutritious and affordable source of high quality nutrients, including choline which was limited in the diets of most individuals. The egg industry addressed the egg issue with research documenting the minimal effect of egg intake on plasma lipoprotein levels, as well as research verifying the importance of egg nutrients in a variety of issues related to health promotion. In 2015 dietary cholesterol and egg restrictions have been dropped by most health promotion agencies worldwide and recommended to be dropped from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. PMID:26506379

Fifty-one years of Los Alamos Spacecraft

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fenimore, Edward E.

2014-09-04

From 1963 to 2014, the Los Alamos National Laboratory was involved in at least 233 spacecraft. There are probably only one or two institutions in the world that have been involved in so many spacecraft. Los Alamos space exploration started with the Vela satellites for nuclear test detection, but soon expanded to ionospheric research (mostly barium releases), radioisotope thermoelectric generators, solar physics, solar wind, magnetospheres, astrophysics, national security, planetary physics, earth resources, radio propagation in the ionosphere, and cubesats. Here, we present a list of the spacecraft, their purpose, and their launch dates for use during RocketFest

Environment for Man, The Next Fifty Years.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ewald, William R., Jr.

This volume is the first of three publications emanating from the American Institute of Planners' nationwide campaign to encourage study and public education on "the future environment of a democracy." Experts in many areas scrutinize the psychological, physiological, and social needs of modern man in an attempt to discover the kind of environment…

Fifty years of chemical research at Farmitalia.

PubMed

Arcamone, Federico-Maria

2009-08-10

This review contains a brief description of the chemistry developed in Farmitalia and, after 1978, Farmitalia-Carlo Erba Research Laboratories, during the second half of the last century. It gives an overview of work that represents a significant part of the chemistry carried out in Italy during this period in the field of medicinal and natural product chemistry. This is particularly true when we consider in addition to the work done intramurally in the said laboratories, the work done by academic scientists in the frame of the various extramural collaborations. Only a fraction of the chemical research actually carried out is reported here as time and space dictated a selection. Subjects typically associated with Farmitalia and which gave rise to important scientific or therapeutic outcomes are given preference in this review.

Immunotoxicology: fifty years of global scientific progress.

PubMed

McKarns, Susan C; Kerkvliet, Nancy I; Dean, Jack H; Bonn, Michael B; Cohen, Mitchell D; Franko, Jennifer; Laiosa, Michael D; Lawrence, B Paige; Luebke, Robert W; Luster, Michael I; Miller, Patrick G; Palmer, Rachel K; Pfau, Jean C; Raman, Priyadarshini; Regal, Jean F; Rodgers, Kathleen E; Schondelmeyer, Rio S; Zhang, Xiaochu; Burns-Naas, Leigh Ann

2012-01-01

The Immunotoxicology Specialty Section of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) celebrated the 50(th) Anniversary of the SOT by constructing a poster to highlight the milestones of Immunotoxicology during that half-century period. This poster was assembled by an ad hoc committee and intertwines in words, citations, graphics, and photographs our attempts to capture a timeline reference of the development and progressive movement of immunotoxicology across the globe. This poster was displayed during the 50(th) Annual SOT Meeting in Washington DC in March, 2011. The poster can be accessed by any Reader at the SOT Website via the link http://www.toxicology.org/AI/MEET/AM2011/posters_rcsigss.asp#imss. We dedicate this poster to all of the founders and the scientists that followed them who have made the discipline of Immunotoxicology what it is today.

Fifty Years of Physics of Living Systems.

PubMed

Latash, Mark L

2016-01-01

The equilibrium-point hypothesis and its more recent version, the referent configuration hypothesis, represent the physical approach to the neural control of action. This hypothesis can be naturally combined with the idea of hierarchical control of movements and of synergic organization of the abundant systems involved in all actions. Any action starts with defining trajectories of a few referent coordinates for a handful of salient task-specific variables. Further, referent coordinates at hierarchically lower levels emerge down to thresholds of the tonic stretch reflex for the participating muscles. Stability of performance with respect to salient variables is reflected in the structure of inter-trial variance and phenomena of motor equivalence. Three lines of recent research within this framework are reviewed. First, synergic adjustments of the referent coordinate and apparent stiffness have been demonstrated during finger force production supporting the main idea of control with referent coordinates. Second, the notion of unintentional voluntary movements has been introduced reflecting unintentional drifts in referent coordinates. Two types of unintentional movements have been observed with different characteristic times. Third, this framework has been applied to studies of impaired movements in neurological patients. Overall, the physical approach searching for laws of nature underlying biological movement has been highly stimulating and productive.

Fifty Years of Scholarship in Media Ethics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christians, Clifford G.

1977-01-01

Describes changing attitudes toward the role of mass media ethics, as reflected in the literature. Available from: Journal of Communication, The Annenberg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, $15.00 yr; $4.00 sc. (KS)

Military Aptitude Testing: The Past Fifty Years

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

61 Relationship Between the STP and the Joint-Service Program ............. 64 CHAPTER 4 NORMING AND SCALING MILITARY SELECTION...34* Identify the skills and knowledge that underlie performance in an occupational area. "* Develop experimental tests that may predict performance in...and nuclear technicians.) "* Construct experimental tests that measure the skills , knowledge, and aptitudes needed for success in that occupational

Fifty years of stroke researches in India

PubMed Central

Banerjee, Tapas Kumar; Das, Shyamal Kumar

2016-01-01

Currently, the stroke incidence in India is much higher than Western industrialized countries. Large vessel intracranial atherosclerosis is the commonest cause of ischemic stroke in India. The common risk factors, that is, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are quite prevalent and inadequately controlled; mainly because of poor public awareness and inadequate infrastructure. Only a small number of ischemic stroke cases are able to have the benefit of thrombolytic therapy. Benefits from stem cell therapy in established stroke cases are under evaluation. Presently, prevention of stroke is the best option considering the Indian scenario through control and/or avoiding risk factors of stroke. Interventional studies are an important need for this scenario. PMID:27011621

Adult consequences of spina bifida: a cohort study.

PubMed

Roach, James W; Short, Barbara F; Saltzman, Hanna M

2011-05-01

Patients with spina bifida potentially experience social isolation with limited employment opportunities and restriction of independent living, neurologic and intellectual impairment, and orthopaedic and urologic consequences of their condition. However, the degree of disability as these individuals age into adulthood has not been completely delineated. In adults with spina bifida we determined the cause of death for those who had died, IQ, level of education, work history, independent living status, physical disabilities, and urologic status; we then identified surgical procedures that led to better adult function. We retrospectively reviewed 84 individuals with myelomeningocele, examining social, cognitive, and physical disabilities. The minimum age at followup was 20 years (mean, 31 years; range, 20-64 years). Forty-two percent had normal IQs. Seventy percent never needed a neurosurgical shunt and those without shunts had higher IQs. Forty-four percent had regular education and 8% achieved college degrees. Fifty-six percent were unemployed. Thirty percent lived independently. Twenty-three percent were either married or divorced with nine normal offspring. Eighty-five percent dressed themselves, 65% shopped independently, 54% drove. Thirty-one percent were at the thoracic neurologic level (all used wheelchairs), 12% were at L1-L3 (all used a wheelchair except one), 33% were at L4-L5 (78% used a wheelchair at least part-time), and 24% were at S1 and below (all walked). Fifty-four percent experienced decubiti and as a consequence, four required major extremity amputations. Spinal fusions protected sitting balance, but hip surgery did not produce congruent hips and occasionally resulted in debilitating stiffness. Pressure sores resulted in partial foot amputations despite plantigrade feet. Our observations confirm the consequences associated with the physical and cognitive disabilities of patients with spina bifida. Many of these consequences can likely be mitigated

Matter power spectrum and the challenge of percent accuracy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schneider, Aurel; Teyssier, Romain; Potter, Doug

2016-04-01

Future galaxy surveys require one percent precision in the theoretical knowledge of the power spectrum over a large range including very nonlinear scales. While this level of accuracy is easily obtained in the linear regime with perturbation theory, it represents a serious challenge for small scales where numerical simulations are required. In this paper we quantify the precision of present-day N -body methods, identifying main potential error sources from the set-up of initial conditions to the measurement of the final power spectrum. We directly compare three widely used N -body codes, Ramses, Pkdgrav3, and Gadget3 which represent three main discretisationmore » techniques: the particle-mesh method, the tree method, and a hybrid combination of the two. For standard run parameters, the codes agree to within one percent at k ≤1 h Mpc{sup −1} and to within three percent at k ≤10 h Mpc{sup −1}. We also consider the bispectrum and show that the reduced bispectra agree at the sub-percent level for k ≤ 2 h Mpc{sup −1}. In a second step, we quantify potential errors due to initial conditions, box size, and resolution using an extended suite of simulations performed with our fastest code Pkdgrav3. We demonstrate that the simulation box size should not be smaller than L =0.5 h {sup −1}Gpc to avoid systematic finite-volume effects (while much larger boxes are required to beat down the statistical sample variance). Furthermore, a maximum particle mass of M {sub p}=10{sup 9} h {sup −1}M{sub ⊙} is required to conservatively obtain one percent precision of the matter power spectrum. As a consequence, numerical simulations covering large survey volumes of upcoming missions such as DES, LSST, and Euclid will need more than a trillion particles to reproduce clustering properties at the targeted accuracy.« less

From Secret Garden to Crowded Marketplace: Fifty Years of ASE and the Science Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollins, Martin

2013-01-01

This article charts some of the most notable ways in which the science curriculum has changed over the past 50 years and identifies the influence of members of the Association for Science Education (ASE) in both projects and policy developments. The world is different from that of 50 years ago but there are continuing issues about the teaching,…

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet, must be packed in wooden boxes (4C1, 4C2, 4D, or 4F) or fiber drums (1G) with inner glass...

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet, must be packed in wooden boxes (4C1, 4C2, 4D, or 4F) or fiber drums (1G) with inner glass...

Percent Emphysema and Daily Motor Activity Levels in the General Population: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

PubMed

Lo Cascio, Christian M; Quante, Mirja; Hoffman, Eric A; Bertoni, Alain G; Aaron, Carrie P; Schwartz, Joseph E; Avdalovic, Mark V; Fan, Vincent S; Lovasi, Gina S; Kawut, Steven M; Austin, John H M; Redline, Susan; Barr, R Graham

2017-05-01

COPD is associated with reduced physical capacity. However, it is unclear whether pulmonary emphysema, which can occur without COPD, is associated with reduced physical activity in daily life, particularly among people without COPD and never smokers. We hypothesized that greater percentage of emphysema-like lung on CT scan is associated with reduced physical activity assessed by actigraphy and self-report. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) enrolled participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease from the general population. Percent emphysema was defined as percentage of voxels < -950 Hounsfield units on full-lung CT scans. Physical activity was measured by wrist actigraphy over 7 days and a questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to adjust for age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, weight, education, smoking, pack-years, and lung function. Among 1,435 participants with actigraphy and lung measures, 47% had never smoked, and 8% had COPD. Percent emphysema was associated with lower activity levels on actigraphy (P = .001), corresponding to 1.5 hour less per week of moderately paced walking for the average participant in quintile 2 vs 4 of percent emphysema. This association was significant among participants without COPD (P = .004) and among ever (P = .01) and never smokers (P = .03). It was also independent of coronary artery calcium and left ventricular ejection fraction. There was no evidence that percent emphysema was associated with self-reported activity levels. Percent emphysema was associated with decreased physical activity in daily life objectively assessed by actigraphy in the general population, among participants without COPD, and nonsmokers. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

The 1953 Stanley L. Miller Experiment: Fifty Years of Prebiotic Organic Chemistry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lazcano, Antonio; Bada, Jeffrey L.

2003-01-01

The field of prebiotic chemistry effectively began with a publication in Science 50 years ago by Stanley L. Miller on the spark discharge synthesis of amino acids and other compounds using a mixture of reduced gases that were thought to represent the components of the atmosphere on the primitive Earth. On the anniversary of this landmark publication, we provide here an accounting of the events leading to the publication of the paper. We also discuss the historical aspects that lead up to the landmark Miller experiment.

34 CFR 600.7 - Conditions of institutional ineligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... than fifty percent of its regular enrolled students had neither a high school diploma nor the recognized equivalent of a high school diploma, and the institution does not provide a four-year or two-year... high school and who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market” under section...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

Secular Changes of Adiposity and Motor Development in Czech Preschool Children: Lifestyle Changes in Fifty-Five Year Retrospective Study

PubMed Central

Sedlak, Petr; Pařízková, Jana; Daniš, Robert; Dvořáková, Hana; Vignerová, Jana

2015-01-01

Secular trends of adiposity and motor development in preschool children since the fifties of the last century up to the beginning of this millennium were analyzed so as to reveal possible changes due to continuously differentiating lifestyle. In preschool children (n = 3678) height, weight, skinfold thickness over triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac were measured by Harpenden caliper in 1957, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1990, and 2012. Simultaneously, motor performance was tested by evaluating the achievements in broad jump and throwing a ball, as a marker of adaptation to changing level of physical activity, free games, and exercise. Along the period of five decades the values of skinfold thickness increased significantly until 2012, mainly on the trunk. Simultaneously, the level of motor performance significantly decreased. Modifications of the way of life during the mentioned five decades characterized by sedentarism and inadequate food intake as related to energy output influenced negatively both adiposity and motor performance already in preschool children. Mostly increased deposition of fat on the trunk which is considered as a marker of possible development of metabolic syndrome was apparent already in preschool age, indicating the importance of early intervention concerning also physical activity and availability for exercise since early life. PMID:26380296

How I Love My 80 Percenters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maturo, Anthony J.

2002-01-01

Don't ever take your support staff for granted. By support staff, I mean the people in personnel, logistics, and finance; the ones who can make things happen with a phone call or a signature, or by the same token frustrate you to no end by their inaction; these are people you must depend on. I've spent a lot of time thinking about how to cultivate relationships with my support staff that work to the advantage of both of us. The most important thing that have learned working with people, any people--and I will tell you how I learned this in a minute--is there are some folks you just can't motivate, so forget it, don't try; others you certainly can with a little psychology and some effort; and the best of the bunch, what I call the 80 percenters, you don't need to motivate because they're already on the team and performing beautifully. The ones you can't change are rocks. Face up to it, and just kick them out of your way. I have a reputation with the people who don't want to perform or be part of the team. They don't come near me. If someone's a rock, I pick up on it right away, and I will walk around him or her to find someone better. The ones who can be motivated I take time to nurture. I consider them my projects. A lot of times these wannabes are people who want to help but don't know how. Listen, you can work with them. Lots of people in organizations have the mindset that all that matters are the regulations. God forbid if you ever work outside those regulations. They've got one foot on that regulation and they're holding it tight like a baby holds a blanket. What you're looking for is that first sign that their minds are opening. Usually you hear it in their vocabulary. What used to sound like "We can't do that ... the regulations won't allow it ... we have never done this before," well, suddenly that changes to "We have options ... let's take a look at the options ... let me research this and get back to you." The 80 percenters you want to nurture too, but

Fifty years dynamics of Russian forests: Impacts on the earth system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shvidenko, Anatoly; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Kraxner, Florian

2015-04-01

The paper presents a succinct history of Russian forests during the time period of 1960-2010 and reanalysis of their impacts on global carbon and nitrogen cycles. We present dynamics of land cover change (including major categories of forest land) and biometric characteristics of forests (species composition, age structure, growing stock volume etc.) based on reconciling all relevant information (data of forest and land inventories, official forest management statistics, multi-sensor remote sensing products, data of forest pathological monitoring etc.). Completeness and reliability of background information was different during the period of the study. Forest inventory data and official statistics were partially modified based on relevant auxiliary information and used for 1960-2000. The analysis for 2001-2010 was provided with a crucial use of multi-sensor remote sensing data. For this last period a hybrid forest mask was developed at resolution of 230m by integration of 8 remote sensing products and using geographical weighted regression and data of crowdsourcing. During the considered 50 years forested areas of Russia substantially increased by middle of 1990s and slightly declined (at about 5%) after. Indicators needed for assessment of carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest ecosystems were defined for the entire period (aggregated estimates by decades for 1960-2000 and yearly for 2001-2010) based on unified methodology with some peculiarities following from availability of information. Major results were obtained by landscape-ecosystem method that uses as comprehensive as possible empirical and semi-empirical information on ecosystems and landscapes in form of an Integrated Land Information System and complimentary combines pool- and flux-based methods. We discuss and quantify major drivers of forest cover change (socio-economic, environmental and climatic) including forest management (harvest, reforestation and afforestation), impacts of seasonal weather on

Fifty Years of Mars Imaging: from Mariner 4 to HiRISE

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-20

This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) shows Mars' surface in detail. Mars has captured the imagination of astronomers for thousands of years, but it wasn't until the last half a century that we were able to capture images of its surface in detail. This particular site on Mars was first imaged in 1965 by the Mariner 4 spacecraft during the first successful fly-by mission to Mars. From an altitude of around 10,000 kilometers, this image (the ninth frame taken) achieved a resolution of approximately 1.25 kilometers per pixel. Since then, this location has been observed by six other visible cameras producing images with varying resolutions and sizes. This includes HiRISE (highlighted in yellow), which is the highest-resolution and has the smallest "footprint." This compilation, spanning Mariner 4 to HiRISE, shows each image at full-resolution. Beginning with Viking 1 and ending with our HiRISE image, this animation documents the historic imaging of a particular site on another world. In 1976, the Viking 1 orbiter began imaging Mars in unprecedented detail, and by 1980 had successfully mosaicked the planet at approximately 230 meters per pixel. In 1999, the Mars Orbiter Camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (1996) also imaged this site with its Wide Angle lens, at around 236 meters per pixel. This was followed by the Thermal Emission Imaging System on Mars Odyssey (2001), which also provided a visible camera producing the image we see here at 17 meters per pixel. Later in 2012, the High-Resolution Stereo Camera on the Mars Express orbiter (2003) captured this image of the surface at 25 meters per pixel. In 2010, the Context Camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2005) imaged this site at about 5 meters per pixel. Finally, in 2017, HiRISE acquired the highest resolution image of this location to date at 50 centimeters per pixel. When seen at this unprecedented scale, we can discern a crater floor strewn with small rocky deposits, boulders several

Fifty years since Lashley's In search of the Engram: refutations and conjectures.

PubMed

Bruce, D

2001-12-01

In his well-known article 'In Search of the Engram' published in 1950, Karl Spencer Lashley summarized his 33 years of research and theory on memory and the brain. He concluded that (1) memories are not localized but are instead distributed within functional areas of the cortex and (2) memory traces are not isolated cortical connections between inputs and outputs. Though not the first time he had expressed such convictions, their reiteration in this article was backed by Lashley's estimable reputation and expressive power and they have taken firm root in the collective knowledge of today's memory and neuropsychological research community.

Accuracy assessment of percent canopy cover, cover type, and size class

Treesearch

H. T. Schreuder; S. Bain; R. C. Czaplewski

2003-01-01

Truth for vegetation cover percent and type is obtained from very large-scale photography (VLSP), stand structure as measured by size classes, and vegetation types from a combination of VLSP and ground sampling. We recommend using the Kappa statistic with bootstrap confidence intervals for overall accuracy, and similarly bootstrap confidence intervals for percent...

Fifty years of solid-phase extraction in water analysis--historical development and overview.

PubMed

Liska, I

2000-07-14

The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a must in an analysis of organic micropollutants in water. The efforts to use a solid phase for the recovery of analytes from a water matrix prior to their detection have a long history. Since the first experimental trials using activated carbon filters that were performed 50 years ago, solid-phase extraction (SPE) has become an established sample preparation technique. The initial experimental applications of SPE resulted in widespread use of this technique in current water analysis and also to adoption of SPE into standardized analytical methods. During the decades of its evolution, chromatographers became aware of the advantages of SPE and, despite many innovations that appeared in the last decade, new SPE developments are still expected in the future. A brief overview of 50 years of the history of the use of SPE in organic trace analysis of water is given in presented paper.

The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

PubMed Central

França, L. R.; Hess, R. A.; Dufour, J. M.; Hofmann, M. C.; Griswold, M. D.

2017-01-01

SUMMARY It has been one and a half centuries since Enrico Sertoli published the seminal discovery of the testicular ‘nurse cell’, not only a key cell in the testis, but indeed one of the most amazing cells in the vertebrate body. In this review, we begin by examining the three phases of morphological research that have occurred in the study of Sertoli cells, because microscopic anatomy was essentially the only scientific discipline available for about the first 75 years after the discovery. Biochemistry and molecular biology then changed all of biological sciences, including our understanding of the functions of Sertoli cells. Immunology and stem cell biology were not even topics of science in 1865, but they have now become major issues in our appreciation of Sertoli cell’s role in spermatogenesis. We end with the universal importance and plasticity of function by comparing Sertoli cells in fish, amphibians, and mammals. In these various classes of vertebrates, Sertoli cells have quite different modes of proliferation and epithelial maintenance, cystic vs. tubular formation, yet accomplish essentially the same function but in strikingly different ways. PMID:26846984

Concordance of obesity classification between body mass index and percent body fat among school children in Saudi Arabia.

PubMed

Al-Mohaimeed, Abdulrahman; Ahmed, Saifuddin; Dandash, Khadiga; Ismail, Mohammed Saleh; Saquib, Nazmus

2015-03-05

In Saudi Arabia, where childhood obesity is a major public health issue, it is important to identify the best tool for obesity classification. Hence, we compared two field methods for their usefulness in epidemiological studies. The sample consisted of 874 primary school (grade I-IV) children, aged 6-10 years, and was obtained through a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Weight and height were measured, and BMI (kg/m(2)) was calculated. Percent body fat was determined with a Futrex analyzer that uses near infrared reactance (NIR) technology. Method specific cut-off values were used for obesity classification. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined for BMI, and the agreement between BMI and percent body fat was calculated. Compared to boys, the mean BMI was higher in girls whereas the mean percent body fat was lower (p-values < 0.0001). According to BMI, the prevalence of overweight or obesity was significantly higher in girls (34.3% vs. 17.3%); as oppose to percent body fat, which was similar between the sexes (6.6% vs. 7.0%). The sensitivity of BMI to classify overweight or obesity was high (boys = 93%, girls = 100%); and its false-positive detection rate was also high (boys = 63%, girls = 81%). The agreement rate was low between these two methods (boys = 0.48, girls =0.24). There is poor agreement in obesity classification between BMI and percent body fat, using NIR method, among Saudi school children.

30 CFR 57.22240 - Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22240 Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines). If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than...

30 CFR 57.22233 - Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22233 Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines). If methane reaches 0.5 percent in the mine atmosphere, ventilation changes...

30 CFR 57.22240 - Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22240 Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines). If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than...

30 CFR 57.22233 - Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines). 57... MINES Safety Standards for Methane in Metal and Nonmetal Mines Ventilation § 57.22233 Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines). If methane reaches 0.5 percent in the mine atmosphere, ventilation changes...

The relationship between body mass index and gross motor development in children aged 3 to 5 years.

PubMed

Nervik, Deborah; Martin, Kathy; Rundquist, Peter; Cleland, Joshua

2011-01-01

To investigate the relationship between obesity and gross motor development in children who are developing typically and determine whether body mass index (BMI) predicts difficulty in gross motor skills. BMIs were calculated and gross motor skills examined in 50 children who were healthy aged 3 to 5 years using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition (PDMS-2). Pearson chi-square statistic and stepwise linear hierarchical regression were used for analysis. A total of 24% of the children were overweight/obese, whereas 76% were found not to be overweight/obese. Fifty-eight percent of the overweight/obese group scored below average on the PDMS-2 compared to 15% of the nonoverweight group. Association between BMI and gross motor quotients was identified with significance of less than 0.002. Regression results were nonsignificant with all 50 subjects, yet showed significance (P = 0.018) when an outlier was excluded. Children aged 3 to 5 years with high BMIs may have difficulty with their gross motor skills. Further research is needed.

Early Warning Look Ahead Metrics: The Percent Milestone Backlog Metric

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shinn, Stephen A.; Anderson, Timothy P.

2017-01-01

All complex development projects experience delays and corresponding backlogs of their project control milestones during their acquisition lifecycles. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Flight Projects Directorate (FPD) teamed with The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) to develop a collection of Early Warning Look Ahead metrics that would provide GSFC leadership with some independent indication of the programmatic health of GSFC flight projects. As part of the collection of Early Warning Look Ahead metrics, the Percent Milestone Backlog metric is particularly revealing, and has utility as a stand-alone execution performance monitoring tool. This paper describes the purpose, development methodology, and utility of the Percent Milestone Backlog metric. The other four Early Warning Look Ahead metrics are also briefly discussed. Finally, an example of the use of the Percent Milestone Backlog metric in providing actionable insight is described, along with examples of its potential use in other commodities.

Levels of desertification risk in the Sicilian forests according to MEDALUS-ESPI protocol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ragusa, M. A.; Rapicavoli, V.

2017-07-01

The authors estimated the desertification risk in a specific area of the Mediterranean, analyzing the main types of forests and reforestation. Through the Environmentally Sensitive Patch Index (ESPI), the authors have made an overall risk ranking in the woods, in the Sicily Region, simulated up to 2030. It is inferred that the risk of desertification in the forests of Sicily region is now reduced. In the last fifty years the forests were reduced by 17.4 percent, they remained unchanged for 21 percent, were up 61.6 percent at the end of the twentieth century.

Temporal divergence of percent body fat and body mass index in pre-teenage children: the LOOK longitudinal study.

PubMed

Telford, R D; Cunningham, R B; Abhayaratna, W P

2014-12-01

The index of body mass related to stature, (body mass index, BMI, kgm(-2) ), is widely used as a proxy for percent body fat (%BF) in cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations. BMI does not distinguish between lean and fat mass and in children, the cross-sectional relationship between %BF and BMI changes with age and sex. While BMI increases linearly with age from age 8 to 12 years in both boys and girls, %BF plateaus off between 10 and 12 years. Repeated measures in children show a systematic decrease in %BF for any given BMI from age 8 to 10 to 12 years. Because changes in BMI misrepresent changes in %BF, its use as a proxy of %BF should be avoided in longitudinal studies in this age group. Body mass index (BMI, kgm(-2) ) is commonly used as an indicator of pediatric adiposity, but with its inability to distinguish changes in lean and fat mass, its use in longitudinal studies of children requires careful consideration. To investigate the suitability of BMI as a surrogate of percent body fat (%BF) in pediatric longitudinal investigations. In this longitudinal study, healthy Australian children (256 girls and 278 boys) were measured at ages 8.0 (standard deviation 0.3), 10.0 and 12.0 years for height, weight and percent body fat (%BF) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The patterns of change in the means of %BF and BMI were different (P < 0.001). While mean BMI increased linearly from 8 to 12 years of age, %BF did not change between 10 and 12 years. Relationships between %BF and BMI in boys and girls were curvilinear and varied with age (P < 0.001) and gender (P < 0.001); any given BMI corresponding with a lower %BF as a child became older. Considering the divergence of temporal patterns of %BF and BMI between 10 and 12 years of age, employment of BMI as a proxy for %BF in absolute or age and sex standardized forms in pediatric longitudinal investigations is problematical. © 2013 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity © 2013 International Association

Irradiation effects on 17-7 PH stainless steel, A-201 carbon steel, and titanium-6-percent-aluminum-4-percent-vanadium alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasse, R. A.; Hartley, C. B.

1972-01-01

Irradiation effects on three materials from the NASA Plum Brook Reactor Surveillance Program were determined. An increase of 105 K in the nil-ductility temperature for A-201 steel was observed at a fluence of approximately 3.1 x 10 to the 18th power neutrons/sq cm (neutron energy E sub n greater than 1.0 MeV). Only minor changes in the mechanical properties of 17-7 PH stainless steel were observed up to a fluence of 2 x 10 to the 21st power neutrons/sq cm (E sub n greater than 1.0 MeV). The titanium-6-percent-aluminum-4-percent-vanadium alloy maintained its notch toughness up to a fluence of 1 x 10 to the 21st power neutrons/sq cm (E sub n greater than 1.0 MeV).

Development of high efficiency (14 percent) solar cell array module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iles, P. A.; Khemthong, S.; Olah, S.; Sampson, W. J.; Ling, K. S.

1980-01-01

Most effort was concentrated on development of procedures to provide large area (3 in. diameter) high efficiency (16.5 percent AM1, 28 C) P+NN+ solar cells. Intensive tests with 3 in. slices gave consistently lower efficiency (13.5 percent). The problems were identified as incomplete formation of and optimum back surface field (BSF), and interaction of the BSF process and the shallow P+ junction. The problem was shown not to be caused by reduced quality of silicon near the edges of the larger slices.

Heavy Testosterone Use Among Bodybuilders: An Uncommon Cohort of Illicit Substance Users.

PubMed

Westerman, Mary E; Charchenko, Cameron M; Ziegelmann, Matthew J; Bailey, George C; Nippoldt, Todd B; Trost, Landon

2016-02-01

To identify and characterize patterns of use among a contemporary cohort of current anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users. An anonymous, self-administered, 49-item questionnaire was posted on message boards of Internet websites popular among AAS users and administered via SurveyMonkey from February 1, 2015, to June 1, 2015. Thirty-seven questions were analyzed for this study. A total of 231 male respondents met the inclusion criteria. Most were white, were older than 25 years, were employed with above average income, and had received a formal education beyond high school. Ninety-three percent began using AAS after the age of 18 years, and 81% reported using 400 mg or more of testosterone per week. Factors associated with longer duration of use (>5 years) included higher incomes (≥$75,000, P=.003), increased testosterone dosages (>600 mg per week, P=.007), older age (≥35 years, P<.001), being married (P<.001), and being self-employed (P<.001). The Internet was the most common source of testosterone (53%). Ninety-three percent used at least one additional performance-enhancing drug. Seventy-seven percent had routine laboratory tests performed, and 38% reported laboratory abnormalities at some point. Nearly all experienced subjective adverse effects while using and not using testosterone. Fifty-three percent reported use of other illegal substances, most commonly (90%) beginning before AAS initiation. Ten percent had a criminal conviction, 91% of which preceded AAS use. Fifty percent were felonies. The population of AAS users is disparate from that of other drugs of abuse. Laboratory test abnormalities and adverse effects are common and should be taken into account when counseling patients who may be using AASs. Copyright © 2016 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent certificate of...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent certificate of...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent certificate of...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent...

Natrelle round silicone breast implants: Core Study results at 10 years.

PubMed

Spear, Scott L; Murphy, Diane K

2014-06-01

Allergan's Natrelle round silicone-filled breast implants were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006 based on interim results from the Core Study; final 10-year study results are now available. Seven hundred fifteen subjects were implanted with smooth and Biocell textured Natrelle round silicone implants and attended clinic visits at 0 to 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and annually through 10 years. Approximately one-third of subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging at years 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 to assess rupture. Complication rates showed modest increases over the previously published 6-year rates. The Kaplan-Meier capsular contracture rate was 18.9 percent for augmentation, 28.7 percent for revision-augmentation, and 24.6 percent for reconstruction. Among augmentation subjects, capsular contracture was significantly lower (p = 0.023) for submuscular (15.7 percent) versus subglandular (26.3 percent) placement. The overall rupture rate in the magnetic resonance imaging cohort was 13.0 percent for subjects and 7.7 percent for implants. By the end of the study, 81.8 percent of augmentation subjects still had an original implant in place. Using a five-point scale, 94.2 percent of augmentation, 83.8 percent of revision-augmentation, and 90.7 percent of reconstruction subjects reported being satisfied or definitely satisfied with their implants. Significant improvement over baseline was also seen in overall breast satisfaction and satisfaction with breast size, shape, feel, and how well they matched. The 10-year data from the Natrelle Core Study, which can guide surgeons and patients in decision-making, demonstrate safety and high levels of patient satisfaction. Therapeutic, III.

Relationship between breast sound speed and mammographic percent density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sak, Mark; Duric, Nebojsa; Boyd, Norman; Littrup, Peter; Myc, Lukasz; Faiz, Muhammad; Li, Cuiping; Bey-Knight, Lisa

2011-03-01

Despite some shortcomings, mammography is currently the standard of care for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. However, breast ultrasound tomography is a rapidly developing imaging modality that has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of mammography. It is known that women with high breast densities have a greater risk of developing breast cancer. Measuring breast density is accomplished through the use of mammographic percent density, defined as the ratio of fibroglandular to total breast area. Using an ultrasound tomography (UST) prototype, we created sound speed images of the patient's breast, motivated by the fact that sound speed in a tissue is proportional to the density of the tissue. The purpose of this work is to compare the acoustic performance of the UST system with the measurement of mammographic percent density. A cohort of 251 patients was studied using both imaging modalities and the results suggest that the volume averaged breast sound speed is significantly related to mammographic percent density. The Spearman correlation coefficient was found to be 0.73 for the 175 film mammograms and 0.69 for the 76 digital mammograms obtained. Since sound speed measurements do not require ionizing radiation or physical compression, they have the potential to form the basis of a safe, more accurate surrogate marker of breast density.

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

Growth in US health spending remained slow in 2010; health share of gross domestic product was unchanged from 2009.

PubMed

Martin, Anne B; Lassman, David; Washington, Benjamin; Catlin, Aaron

2012-01-01

Medical goods and services are generally viewed as necessities. Even so, the latest recession had a dramatic effect on their utilization. US health spending grew more slowly in 2009 and 2010-at rates of 3.8 percent and 3.9 percent, respectively-than in any other years during the fifty-one-year history of the National Health Expenditure Accounts. In 2010 extraordinarily slow growth in the use and intensity of services led to slower growth in spending for personal health care. The rates of growth in overall US gross domestic product (GDP) and in health spending began to converge in 2010. As a result, the health spending share of GDP stabilized at 17.9 percent.

Handwriting Deficits in Children with Minimal Brain Dysfunction: Effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Placebo.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lerer, Robert J.; And Others

1979-01-01

Fifty hyperactive and learning disabled children (8 to 12 years old) were selected for study because of severe handwriting difficulties. The children received methylphenidate (Ritalin) or placebo under double blind conditions. Twenty-six students (52 percent) showed improvement in overall handwriting following the administration of methylphenidate…

Successful treatment of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with topical tacrolimus 0.1 percent ointment.

PubMed

Ng, Shanna Shan-Yi; Tay, Yong-Kwang

2012-02-15

Classic eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF), otherwise known as Ofugi disease, is a rare condition commonly treated with topical glucocorticosteroids. If this fails, oral indomethacin is frequently the next line. Because the condition is recurrent, the use of long term steroids may cause side effects such as skin atrophy, hypertrichosis, and dyspigmentation. Topical tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant that is generally used as a steroid-sparing agent in atopic dermatitis. We report a case of classic EPF, which was recurrent over 5 years that had failed topical glucocorticosteroids but was successfully treated with topical tacrolimus 0.1 percent ointment.

5 CFR 2636.304 - The 15 percent limitation on outside earned income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false The 15 percent limitation on outside earned income. 2636.304 Section 2636.304 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS GOVERNMENT... Noncareer Employees § 2636.304 The 15 percent limitation on outside earned income. (a) Limitation applicable...

Objectively-determined intensity- and domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to percent body fat.

PubMed

Scheers, Tineke; Philippaerts, Renaat; Lefevre, Johan

2013-12-01

This study examined the independent and joint associations of overall, intensity-specific and domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior with bioelectrical impedance-determined percent body fat. Physical activity was measured in 442 Flemish adults (41.4 ± 9.8 years) using the SenseWear Armband and an electronic diary. Two-way analyses of covariance investigated the interaction of physical activity and sedentary behavior with percent body fat. Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders, examined the associations of intensity-specific and domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior with percent body fat. Results showed a significant main effect for physical activity in both genders and for sedentary behavior in women, but no interaction effects. Light activity was positively (β = 0.41 for men and 0.43 for women) and moderate (β = -0.64 and -0.41), vigorous (β = -0.21 and -0.24) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) inversely associated with percent body fat, independent of sedentary time. Regarding domain-specific physical activity, significant associations were present for occupation, leisure time and household chores, irrespective of sedentary time. The positive associations between body fat and total and domain-specific sedentary behavior diminished after MVPA was controlled for. MVPA during leisure time, occupation and household chores may be essential to prevent fat gain. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Pacemaker Implants in Children and Adolescents with Chagas Disease in Brazil: 18-Year Incidence

PubMed Central

Mizzaci, Carolina Christianini; Souza, Thiago Gonçalves Schroder e; Targueta, Gabriel Pelegrineti; Tótora, Ana Paula Frederico; Mateos, Juan Carlos Pachón; Mateos, José Carlos Pachon

2017-01-01

Background: Chagas disease continues to be a serious public health problem, and accounts for 25-30% of the indications for cardiac stimulation in Brazil. Objective: To assess clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Chagas disease, younger than 18 years, who had undergone pacemaker implantation in Brazil between 1994 and 2011, and its temporal trend. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Pacemaker Registry database. The following variables were analyzed: year when pacemaker was implanted, location, age, sex, ethnic group, functional class and the main electrocardiographic findings at baseline. Results: In a total of 183,123 implants performed between 1994 and 2011, 214 implants of cardiac stimulation device in Chagas disease patients aged younger than 18 years were identified. Mean age at implantation was 5.6 ± 6.2 years. Second- and third-degree atrioventricular blocks corresponded to 71% of indications for pacemaker implantation. Fifty-six percent of the procedures were performed in the southeast region. Regarding the total number of pacemaker implants per year, there was a remarkable increase in the implants for all causes. However, time series analysis of the implants in Chagas disease patients younger than 18 years revealed a significant reduction in the annual number of implants. Conclusion: There has been an important reduction in the number of pacemaker implantations among children and adolescents with Chagas disease, suggesting a reduction in the vertical transmission of the parasite. PMID:28699977

Tranexamic Acid Reduced the Percent of Total Blood Volume Lost During Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery.

PubMed

Jones, Kristen E; Butler, Elissa K; Barrack, Tara; Ledonio, Charles T; Forte, Mary L; Cohn, Claudia S; Polly, David W

2017-01-01

Multilevel posterior spine fusion is associated with significant intraoperative blood loss. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that reduces intraoperative blood loss. The goal of this study was to compare the percent of total blood volume lost during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with or without tranexamic acid in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Thirty-six AIS patients underwent PSF in 2011-2014; the last half (n=18) received intraoperative tranexamic acid. We retrieved relevant demographic, hematologic, intraoperative and outcomes information from medical records. The primary outcome was the percent of total blood volume lost, calculated from estimates of intraoperative blood loss (numerator) and estimated total blood volume per patient (denominator, via Nadler's equations). Unadjusted outcomes were compared using standard statistical tests. Tranexamic acid and no-tranexamic acid groups were similar (all p>0.05) in mean age (16.1 vs. 15.2 years), sex (89% vs. 83% female), body mass index (22.2 vs. 20.2 kg/m2), preoperative hemoglobin (13.9 vs. 13.9 g/dl), mean spinal levels fused (10.5 vs. 9.6), osteotomies (1.6 vs. 0.9) and operative duration (6.1 hours, both). The percent of total blood volume lost (TBVL) was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid-treated vs. no-tranexamic acid group (median 8.23% vs. 14.30%, p = 0.032); percent TBVL per level fused was significantly lower with tranexamic acid than without it (1.1% vs. 1.8%, p=0.048). Estimated blood loss (milliliters) was similar across groups. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the percentage of total blood volume lost versus no tranexamic acid in AIS patients who underwent PSF using a standardized blood loss measure.Level of Evidence: 3. Institutional Review Board status: This medical record chart review (minimal risk) study was approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board.

School Designed To Use 80 Percent Less Energy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School and University, 1975

1975-01-01

The new Terraset Elementary School in Reston, Virginia, uses earth as a cover for the roof area and for about 80 percent of the wall area. A heat recovery system will be used with solar collectors playing a primary role in heating and cooling. (Author/MLF)

Evaluation of three percent Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) concentrates as fire fighting agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jablonski, E. J.

1981-04-01

A large-scale fire test program involving 20,000-square foot JP-4 fuel fires was conducted to evaluate the fire suppression effectiveness and compatibility of 3 percent Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) agents in Air Force fire fighting vehicles. Three commercially available 3 percent AFFF concentrates were tested in accordance with military specification MIL-F-24385B. Test results are summarized in Appendix A. As a result of these tests, an updated Revision C to this MIL SPEC has been accomplished with new requirements for both 3 percent and 6 percent AFFF extinguishing agents.

Dependency on soup kitchens in urban areas of New York State.

PubMed Central

Rauschenbach, B S; Frongillo, E A; Thompson, F E; Andersen, E J; Spicer, D A

1990-01-01

We studied the dependency of persons on soup kitchens in Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and Westchester County, New York. Seventeen percent of the meal recipients were homeless, 62 percent lived in apartments or houses, 20 percent were working, 40 percent were women, and 17 percent had a child in their household. Fifty-nine percent started eating at the soup kitchen more than a year ago, and 51 percent ate five or more meals at soup kitchens in the last week. Most reported they came to the soup kitchen because of economic problems or lack of food; 93 percent had incomes below the poverty threshold. Most used some government food program; 48 percent received food stamps. Utilization of soup kitchens and other programs differed between men and women and between households with and without children. PMID:2293804

What Works in Student Retention? Fourth National Survey. Community Colleges with Twenty Percent or More Black Students Enrolled

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ACT, Inc., 2010

2010-01-01

This report presents the findings for community colleges with twenty percent or more Black students enrolled that participated in ACT's 2010 "What Works in Student Retention survey." The report contains information pertinent to only these institutions. The following are appended: (1) Data for Two-Year Community Colleges with greater than or equal…

20 CFR 229.11 - 100 percent overall minimum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... SOCIAL SECURITY OVERALL MINIMUM GUARANTEE Social Security Overall Minimum Guarantee Defined § 229.11 100..., will not be less than 100 percent of the total family benefits payable under the Social Security Act if the employee's railroad service after 1936 were credited as social security earnings. Subpart F...

Fifty years of HgCdTe at Texas Instruments and beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kinch, Michael A.

2009-05-01

Work on HgCdTe began at Texas Instruments in the early 1960s, and continued through 1997 when TI's defense business was sold first to Raytheon, and subsequently in 1998 to DRS Technologies. This presentation traces the history of HgCdTe's evolution throughout this timeframe to the present day, as viewed through the eyes of the author and several of his TI contemporaries who have survived the experience. The materials technology will be traced from the early days of bulk growth by the solid state recrystalization technique, through the traveling heater method of growth, to liquid phase epitaxy from large Te-rich melts, to vapor phase growth by molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The evolution of detector device architectures at TI over the years will be discussed, from the early, successful days of photoconductors and the Common Module System, through the somewhat problematic and relatively unsuccessful foray into charge coupled and charge injection devices for 2nd generation FPAs for the Javelin program, to the outstandingly successful development of the vertically integrated photodiode (VIP) and high density VIP FPA architectures for mono-color and multi-color 3rd generation systems. The versatile, and unique nature of this infrared semiconductor materials system will be highlighted by reference to current work at DRS Technologies into electron avalanche photodiodes (EAPDs), for use in active/passive IR systems, and high operating temperature (HOT) detectors, which threaten to eventually offer BLIP photon detection at uncooled operating temperatures, over the whole IR spectrum from 1 to 12um.

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 6 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in…

75 FR 21668 - Grant of Individual Exemption Involving Chrysler LLC, Located in Auburn Hills, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-26

... Interest exceeding fifty percent (50%), Fiat shall have the right to designate up to five Directors to the... to appoint five (5) directors once it obtains an aggregate ownership interest of fifty percent (50... in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan and in a prudent fashion in...

Age differences in health care spending, fiscal year 1977.

PubMed

Gibson, R M; Fisher, C R

1979-01-01

This report of health care spending in fiscal year 1977 reveals that of the $142.6 billion spent by the Nation for personal health care in fiscal year 1977, 29 percent was spent for those aged 65 or older, 59 percent for those aged 19-64, and 13 percent for those below age 19. The average health bill reached $1,745 for the aged, $661 for the intermediate age group, and $253 for the young. Public funds financed 67 percent of the health expenses of the aged, with Medicare and Medicaid together accounting for 61 percent. More than two-thirds of the health expenses of the young and 71 percent of the expenses of those aged 19-64 were paid by private sources. Third-party payments met 68 percent of the health expenditures of all those under age 65.

50 Years of Testing

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-04-23

A 15-second test of a Saturn V rocket stage on the A-2 Test Stand at Stennis Space Center ushered in the Space Age for south Mississippi. Fifty years later, Stennis has grown into the nation’s largest rocket engine test site, continuing to test rocket engines and stages that power the nation’s space program.

Perceived preparedness for physiatric specialization and future career goals of graduating postgraduate year IV residents during the 2004-2005 academic year.

PubMed

Raj, Vishwa S; Rintala, Diana H

2007-12-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends among postgraduate year (PGY) IV physiatry residents, at the time of graduation from residency, in terms of their perceived experiences in the core clinical areas, confidence with procedural subspecialization, choice in career specialization, and desire to pursue clinical fellowship. Surveys were distributed to 386 PGY IV residents in physiatry at the end of the 2004-2005 academic year. Ninety-three residents (24%) completed responses in a confidential manner. Residents who were generally more confident in core clinical areas, as defined by the Self-Assessment Examination, and specialty prescription writing also believed themselves to be more prepared to practice these topics in their careers. Overall levels of confidence and perceived preparedness correlated positively with months of training and negatively with the belief in the need for postresidency fellowship training to incorporate these areas into clinical practice. Positive correlations also existed among perceived levels of preparedness in performing various physiatric procedures. Statistically significant differences in levels of confidence and preparedness existed among geographic regions when evaluating core physiatric subject matter. Fifty-six percent of residents who responded planned to pursue fellowship training, and a majority of residents intended to perform interventional procedures and musculoskeletal medicine in their practices. These results provide insight into how trainees perceive their current clinical education. With validation of measures for confidence and preparedness, this survey may be useful as an adjunct resource for residency programs to evaluate their trainees.

9 CFR 381.168 - Maximum percent of skin in certain poultry products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maximum percent of skin in certain poultry products. 381.168 Section 381.168 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... Standards of Identity or Composition § 381.168 Maximum percent of skin in certain poultry products. The...

9 CFR 381.168 - Maximum percent of skin in certain poultry products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maximum percent of skin in certain poultry products. 381.168 Section 381.168 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... Standards of Identity or Composition § 381.168 Maximum percent of skin in certain poultry products. The...

32 CFR 48.508 - Certain 100 percent disability retirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., MILITARY AND CIVILIAN RETIRED SERVICEMAN'S FAMILY PROTECTION PLAN Annuity § 48.508 Certain 100 percent... duty as a direct result of armed conflict, or (b) His widow or children are not entitled to dependency...

100-Year flood–it's all about chance

USGS Publications Warehouse

Holmes, Robert R.; Dinicola, Karen

2010-01-01

In the 1960's, the United States government decided to use the 1-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood as the basis for the National Flood Insurance Program. The 1-percent AEP flood was thought to be a fair balance between protecting the public and overly stringent regulation. Because the 1-percent AEP flood has a 1 in 100 chance of being equaled or exceeded in any 1 year, and it has an average recurrence interval of 100 years, it often is referred to as the '100-year flood'. The term '100-year flood' is part of the national lexicon, but is often a source of confusion by those not familiar with flood science and statistics. This poster is an attempt to explain the concept, probabilistic nature, and inherent uncertainties of the '100-year flood' to the layman.

Angiotensin-Converting Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and Longitudinal Change in Percent Emphysema on Computed Tomography. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Lung Study

PubMed Central

Parikh, Megha A.; Aaron, Carrie P.; Hoffman, Eric A.; Schwartz, Joseph E.; Madrigano, Jaime; Austin, John H. M.; Lovasi, Gina; Watson, Karol; Stukovsky, Karen Hinckley

2017-01-01

Rationale: Although emphysema on computed tomography (CT) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with and without spirometrically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no available medications target emphysema outside of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Transforming growth factor-β and endothelial dysfunction are implicated in emphysema pathogenesis, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) inhibit transforming growth factor-β, improve endothelial function, and restore airspace architecture in murine models. Evidence in humans is, however, lacking. Objectives: To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and ARB dose is associated with slowed progression of percent emphysema by CT. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis researchers recruited participants ages 45–84 years from the general population from 2000 to 2002. Medication use was assessed by medication inventory. Percent emphysema was defined as the percentage of lung regions less than −950 Hounsfield units on CTs. Mixed-effects regression models were used to adjust for confounders. Results: Among 4,472 participants, 12% used an ACE inhibitor and 6% used an ARB at baseline. The median percent emphysema was 3.0% at baseline, and the rate of progression was 0.64 percentage points over a median of 9.3 years. Higher doses of ACE or ARB were independently associated with a slower change in percent emphysema (P = 0.03). Over 10 years, in contrast to a predicted mean increase in percent emphysema of 0.66 percentage points in those who did not take ARBs or ACE inhibitors, the predicted mean increase in participants who used maximum doses of ARBs or ACE inhibitors was 0.06 percentage points (P = 0.01). The findings were of greatest magnitude among former smokers (P < 0.001). Indications for ACE inhibitor or ARB drugs (hypertension and diabetes) and other medications for hypertension and diabetes were not associated independently

26 CFR 7.48-2 - Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... investment credit for movie and television films placed in service in a taxable year beginning before January... Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films placed in... the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 1595), taxpayers who placed movie or television films (here...

26 CFR 7.48-2 - Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... investment credit for movie and television films placed in service in a taxable year beginning before January... Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films placed in... the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 1595), taxpayers who placed movie or television films (here...

26 CFR 7.48-2 - Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... investment credit for movie and television films placed in service in a taxable year beginning before January... Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films placed in... the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 1595), taxpayers who placed movie or television films (here...

26 CFR 7.48-2 - Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... investment credit for movie and television films placed in service in a taxable year beginning before January... Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films placed in... the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 1595), taxpayers who placed movie or television films (here...

26 CFR 7.48-2 - Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... investment credit for movie and television films placed in service in a taxable year beginning before January... Election of forty-percent method of determining investment credit for movie and television films placed in... the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 1595), taxpayers who placed movie or television films (here...

A 99 percent purity molecular sieve oxygen generator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, G. W.

1991-01-01

Molecular sieve oxygen generating systems (MSOGS) have become the accepted method for the production of breathable oxygen on military aircraft. These systems separate oxygen for aircraft engine bleed air by application of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology. Oxygen is concentrated by preferential adsorption in nitrogen in a zeolite molecular sieve. However, the inability of current zeolite molecular sieves to discriminate between oxygen and argon results in an oxygen purity limitations of 93-95 percent (both oxygen and argon concentrate). The goal was to develop a new PSA process capable of exceeding the present oxygen purity limitations. A novel molecular sieve oxygen concentrator was developed which is capable of generating oxygen concentrations of up to 99.7 percent directly from air. The process is comprised of four absorbent beds, two containing a zeolite molecular sieve and two containing a carbon molecular sieve. This new process may find use in aircraft and medical breathing systems, and industrial air separation systems. The commercial potential of the process is currently being evaluated.

Effectiveness of a Corequisite Delivery Model for Developmental Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fair, Katherine Eileen

2017-01-01

The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study is to determine the effectiveness of a corequisite delivery model for developmental math students at a 4-year public institution. Nationally, close to fifty percent of incoming college students are placed in non-credit bearing remedial courses (Complete College America, 2012). Students must…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children 12 through 17 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children--adolescents age 12 through 17 years--41 percent live in low-income…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children 6 through 11 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children in middle childhood (age 6 through 11 years), 45 percent live in…

Sexuality and sexual reproductive health of disabled young people in Ethiopia.

PubMed

Kassa, Tigist Alemu; Luck, Tobias; Birru, Samuel Kinde; Riedel-Heller, Steffi G

2014-10-01

In Ethiopia, young people with disabilities (YPWD) are often marginalized and not recognized as being sexual, and only little is known about their sexual reproductive health (SRH) status. We therefore aimed to assess the SRH status and associated factors among 426 YPWD in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2012. Data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. Fifty-two percent of YPWD ever had sexual intercourse. Seventy-five percent started sex between 15 and 19 years. Only 35% had used contraceptive during their first sexual encounter. Fifty-nine percent of the sexually experienced YPWD had multiple lifetime sexual partners; 19%, a casual sexual partner; and 21%, a commercial sexual partner. Only 48% consistently used condoms with their casual or commercial sexual partners. Twenty-four percent of the sexually experienced YPWD had a history of sexually transmitted infections. Our findings indicate that YPWD in Ethiopia are sexually active, but also highly involved in risky sexual practices. There is a need for in-depth research to better understand the determinants of risky sexual behavior and to propose preventive approaches.

Fifty years of oxacalix[3]arenes: A review

PubMed Central

Cottet, Kevin; Marcos, Paula M

2012-01-01

Summary Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes, commonly called oxacalix[3]arenes, were first reported in 1962. Since then, their chemistry has been expanded to include numerous derivatives and complexes. This review describes the syntheses of the parent compounds, their derivatives, and their complexation behaviour towards cations. Extraction data are presented, as are crystal structures of the macrocycles and their complexes with guest species. Applications in fields as diverse as ion selective electrode modifiers, fluorescence sensors, fullerene separations and biomimetic chemistry are described. PMID:22423288

Fifty years later, figs and their associated communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borges, Renee M.; Compton, Stephen G.; Kjellberg, Finn

2018-07-01

Fig trees (Ficus, Moraceae) are a diverse genus of largely tropical and sub-tropical plants. They are of exceptional ecological and conservation importance because figs are probably eaten by more species of animals than the fruits of any other plants (Shanahan et al., 2001). Figs (syconia) are unusual protogynous inflorescences/infructescences with a structure that excludes the services of generalist pollinators. Each is formed like a hollow ball lined on the underside with tiny flowers. In order for pollen to enter a fig it must be carried through a narrow entrance (called an ostiole). Pollen transfer is achieved through the activity of small fig wasps (Agaonidae) that enter the figs to lay their eggs in the ovules, which they also gall. Ovules that receive pollen, but no egg, can develop into seeds. The morphology of adult female fig wasps reflects their need to enter through the narrow ostiole. Males are also highly modified and spend all or most of their lives inside the figs. Host specificity is high among agaonids, with most species routinely associated with a single host Ficus. Many host trees are also pollinated by a single recorded species of agaonid, though the list of species with two or more pollinators is increasing. In addition to agaonid pollinating fig wasps there are also numerous non-pollinating species (NPFW). Together with the pollinators they form communities of phytophages, parasitoids and secondary parasitoids inside the figs.

Fifty year canon of solar eclipses: 1986-2035

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Espenak, Fred

1986-01-01

A reference of moderately detailed eclipse predictions and maps for use by the professional astronomical community is provided. The general characteristics of every solar eclipse and a detailed set of cylindrical project world maps which show the umbral paths of every solar eclipse from 1901 to 2100 are presented. The geodetic path coordinates and local circumstance on the center line, and a series of orthographic projection maps which show the regions of visibility of both partial and central phases for every eclipse from 1986 through 2035 are also provided.

Fifty years of forest hydrology in the Southeast

Treesearch

C. Rhett Jackson; Ge Sun; Devendra Amatya; Wayne T. Swank; Mark Riedel; Jim Patric; Tom Williams; Jim M. Vose; Carl Trettin; W. Michael Aust; R. Scott Beasley; Hamlin Williston; George G. Ice

2004-01-01

The forests of the southeastern United States are incredibly valuable and diverse, both for timber production and for the aquatic habitat they provide. These overlapping values and diverse conditions have spawned numerous studies to assess how forest management affects hydrology and water quality. In the mountains, key watershed studies include those conducted at USDA...

Fifty Years of Federal Teacher Policy: An Appraisal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sykes, Gary; Dibner, Kenne

2009-01-01

Federal policy directed to teaching and teachers is the subject of this review, which is organized around: (1) recruitment; (2) training; (3) accountability; (4) incentives; (5) qualifications; (6) class size reduction; (teacher working conditions; and (8) human resource management and the overall coordination of teacher policy. For each theme,…

Beyond the Ionosphere: Fifty Years of Satellite Communication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butrica, Andrew J. (Editor)

1997-01-01

The three overlapping stages of satellite communications development outlined provide the three-part framework for the organization of the papers contained in this book. Part 1, 'Passive Origins,' treats the first stage of satellite communications development, extending from the 1940s into the early 1960s, when passive artificial and natural satellites funded by the military and private enterprise established the field. Part 2, 'Creating the Global, Regional, and National Systems,' addresses events that constituted the second stage of development. Early in this stage, which stretched from the 1960s into the 1970s, satellite systems began to make their appearance in the United States, while domestic and international efforts sought to bring order to this new but chaotic, field in the form of Comsat and Intelsat. Part 3, 'The Unfolding of the World System,' explores the development of satellite communications in the remainder of the world, with a strong emphasis on Asia.

Fifty-four Years of Adventures in Infrared Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Becklin, Eric Eric

2018-01-01

My adventures in infrared astronomy started when I was a grad student in 1965 with the discovery of an infrared-bright object (now known as the Becklin-Neugebauer Object) in the Orion Nebula. In 1966, I made the first measurements of the infrared radiation from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. I was fortunate enough to be able to take advantage of the 2.2 micron sky survey carried out by Neugebauer and Leighton (1969), which produced many remarkable discoveries, the most spectacular being the heavily dust-embedded carbon star IRC+10216, thebrightest object in the sky at 5 microns outside the solar system. In the 1970’s there was a growth in Infrared astronomy with the availability of many new facilities such as the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, (KAO) which I used extensively with Mike Werner and Ian Gatley for many unique observations. In 1977, I moved to Hawaii to work on the NASA IRTF 3- meter telescope. Many discoveries were made, including the first direct measurements of the rings of Jupiter at 2.2 microns (with Gareth Wynn-Williams) and the discovery of the first L dwarf star around a white dwarf (with Ben Zuckerman). In the 1980’s the introduction of large format arrays changed the way we did infrared astronomy. With Ian McLean, I moved to UCLA in 1990 to start the IR lab and get involved in Keck development and science. In 1995, Andrea, Ghez, Mark Morris and I started looking for evidence of a possible massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center. Spectacular observations using the Keck10 meter telescopes with large format near-infrared arrays and adaptive optics led to the confirmation of the presence of such a black hole and an estimate of its mass (4xE6 M (Sun)). In 1996, I began working on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) and I will finish my talk by discussing SOFIA observations of the ring of dust and gas orbiting the massive black hole in the center

Tricky Times for the Top 10 Percent Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roach, Ronald

2007-01-01

Both supporters and critics of Texas' Top 10 Percent law have been surprised at its popularity, but some UT officials and legislators would like to see the program scaled back. As a Texas state legislator, Jim McReynolds, D-Lufkin, knows a thing or two about influencing the voting positions of his colleagues. This past spring, when Texas House…

Modeling percent tree canopy cover: a pilot study

Treesearch

John W. Coulston; Gretchen G. Moisen; Barry T. Wilson; Mark V. Finco; Warren B. Cohen; C. Kenneth Brewer

2012-01-01

Tree canopy cover is a fundamental component of the landscape, and the amount of cover influences fire behavior, air pollution mitigation, and carbon storage. As such, efforts to empirically model percent tree canopy cover across the United States are a critical area of research. The 2001 national-scale canopy cover modeling and mapping effort was completed in 2006,...

[Asbestos: fifty years of work exposure in Campania and other Italian regions through INAIL experience].

PubMed

Balletta, A; Bonifaci, G; Citro, Al; Continisio, R; Di Palma, P; D'Angelo, R; Iacoviello, P

2012-01-01

The aim of the work is to proceed to the recognition of asbestos phenomenon in Campania and in the other regions with emphasis on the incidence and development of several related diseases. Using data from first INAIL Annual Report on the progress of occupational diseases until 1999, and the data provided by the INAIL CSA regarding the last 12 years (2000 to 2011), the incidence is illustrated for two-year periods, from 2000 to 2011, for the total of diseases and separately for: asbestosis, mesotheliomas, lung cancer and non-cancerous pleural lesions. The total of diseases by region for the period 2000-2011 has been reported. The survey results show a gradual increase in the total asbestos related diseases (15,998) due to the mesotheliomas portion (5739) while the trend of lung cancer is stationary (2,287). Pleural plaques have a variable growth in the various regions during recent years. Some significant case studies from Campania are reported.

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

Nickel-hydrogen LEO cycling at 20-50 percent DOD. [depth of discharge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lowery, John E.; Mai, Jenny

1991-01-01

Two NiH2 two-cell packs made up of engineering cells built according to the Hubble Space Telescope design (EPI RNH 90-3) are currently being low-earth-orbit (LEO) cycled at 20-50 percent depth of discharge (DOD). The cells were manufactured by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., and activated with electrolyte (KOH) concentrations of 26 percent (pack No.1) and 31 percent (pack No.2), for use during evaluation of the HST cell design. The cells have been grouped according to electrolyte concentration but follow the same test schedule for comparison. This test was set up to study the behavior of NiH2 cells having differing electrolyte concentrations, when operated at relatively high DOD (20-50 percent) in a LEO cycling program. The test was designed specifically to allow the cells to pick their own recharge ratio for varying DOD and varying EOC (end of charge) voltages. The cells are being cycled in a simulated 96-min orbit with 60-min charge and 36-min discharge where an EOC cutoff voltage controls high-rate charging. EOC cutoff voltages vary between 1.48 V and 1.56 V.

Web-based survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer.

PubMed

Partridge, Ann H; Gelber, Shari; Peppercorn, Jeffrey; Sampson, Ebonie; Knudsen, Katherine; Laufer, Marc; Rosenberg, Randi; Przypyszny, Michele; Rein, Alison; Winer, Eric P

2004-10-15

Young women with breast cancer often seek advice about whether treatment will affect their fertility. We sought to gain a better understanding of women's attitudes about fertility and how these concerns affect decision making. We developed a survey about fertility issues for young women with a history of early-stage breast cancer. The survey was e-mailed to all registered Young Survival Coalition survivor members (N = 1,702). E-mail reminders were used. Six hundred fifty-seven eligible respondents completed the survey. Mean age at breast cancer diagnosis was 32.9 years; mean current age was 35.8 years. Ninety percent of women were white; 62% were married; 76% were college graduates. Stages at diagnosis were as follows: 0, 10%; I, 27%; II, 47%; III, 13%. Sixty-two percent of women were within 2 years of diagnosis. Fifty-seven percent recalled substantial concern at diagnosis about becoming infertile with treatment. In multivariate logistic regression, greater concern about infertility was associated with wish for children/more children (odds ratio [OR], 120; P < .0001), number of prior pregnancies (OR, 0.78; P = .01), and prior difficulty conceiving (OR, 1.86; P = .08). Twenty-nine percent of women reported that infertility concerns influenced treatment decisions. Seventy-two percent of women reported discussing fertility concerns with their doctors; 51% felt their concerns were addressed adequately. Women seemed to overestimate their risk of becoming postmenopausal with treatment. Fertility after treatment is a major concern for young women with breast cancer. There is a need to communicate with and educate young patients regarding fertility issues at diagnosis and a need for future research directed at preserving fertility for young breast cancer survivors.

Changes in the relationship between asthma and associated risk factors over fifty years.

PubMed

Barnish, Maxwell S; Tagiyeva, Nara; Devereux, Graham; Aucott, Lorna; Turner, Steve

2017-03-01

Childhood asthma is a common condition whose prevalence is changing. We hypothesized that the relationship between asthma and associated risk factors has changed over a 50-year period. An ecological study design was used. Children aged 8-13 attending schools in Aberdeen city were surveyed on seven occasions between 1964 and 2014. The following were determined: history of asthma, history of eczema, parental smoking, parental asthma, sex and socio-economic status. Analysis was by a structural change model with two knots. The outcome reported was the change in odds ratio between asthma and a given risk factor during a given period. There were 23,241 questionnaires distributed and 17,439 returned (75%). The odds ratio (OR) for a child with asthma to have eczema increased between 1989 and 1999 by 1.031 [95% CI 1.028, 1.035] and by 1.042 between 2004 and 2014 [1.038, 1.047]. The OR for a child with asthma to have a parent who smoked rose by 1.032 [1.028, 1.036] between 1989 and 1999 and by 1.043 [1.038, 1.047] between 2004 and 2014), and to have a parent with asthma (1.027 [1.022, 1.031] for 1994-99 and 1.042 [1.037, 1.048] for 2004-2014). The OR for a child with asthma being male, but not and being from the most deprived communities, rose between 1989-1999 and 2004-2014. The relationship between asthma prevalence and particular risk factors changed over the 50-year period of study, and this might reflect changes in children's environment and/or susceptibility. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

31 CFR 363.139 - May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false May I transfer or deliver my zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.139 May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.139 - May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May I transfer or deliver my zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.139 May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.139 - May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May I transfer or deliver my zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.139 May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.139 - May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May I transfer or deliver my zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.139 May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A zero-percent...

Fifty-Year Trends in Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence, Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mortality in the Community

PubMed Central

Schnabel, Renate B.; Yin, Xiaoyan; PhilimonGona; Larson, Martin G.; Beiser, Alexa S.; McManus, David D.; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Lubitz, Steven A.; Magnani, Jared W.; Ellinor, Patrick T.; SudhaSeshadri; Wolf, Philip A; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Levy, Daniel

2015-01-01

Summary Background Comprehensive long-term data on atrial fibrillation trends in men and women are scant. Methods We investigated trends in atrial fibrillation incidence, prevalence, and risk factors, and in stroke and mortality following its onset in Framingham Heart Study participants (n=9511) from 1958 to 2007. To accommodate sex differences in atrial fibrillation risk factors and disease manifestations, sex-stratified analyses were performed. Findings During 50 years of observation (202,417 person-years), there were 1,544 new-onset atrial fibrillation cases (46.8% women). We observed about a fourfold increase in the age-adjusted prevalence and more than a tripling in age-adjusted incidence of atrial fibrillation (prevalence 20.4 versus 96.2 per 1000 person-years in men; 13.7 versus 49.4 in women; incidence rates in first versus last decade 3.7 versus 13.4 per 1000 person-years in men; 2.5 versus 8.6 in women, ptrend<0.0001). For atrial fibrillation diagnosed by ECG during routine Framingham examinations, age-adjusted prevalence increased (12.6versus 25.7 per 1000 person-years in men; 8.1 versus 11.8 in women, ptrend<0.0001). The age-adjusted incidence increased, but did not achieve statistical significance. Although the prevalence of most risk factors changed over time, their associated hazards for atrial fibrillation changed little. Multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards models revealed a 73.5% decline in stroke and a 25.4% decline in mortality following atrial fibrillation onset (ptrend=0.0001, ptrend=0.003, respectively). Interpretation Our data suggest that observed trends of increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in the community were partially due to enhanced surveillance. Stroke occurrence and mortality following atrial fibrillation onset declined over the decades, and prevalence increased approximately fourfold. The hazards for atrial fibrillation risk factors remained fairly constant. Our data indicate a need for measures to enhance early

49 CFR 37.49 - Designation of responsible person(s) for intercity and commuter rail stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) designated in accordance with this section shall bear the legal and financial responsibility for making a key... party. (c) In the case of a station more than fifty percent of which is owned by a private entity the... of which no entity owns more than fifty percent, the owners of the station (other than private entity...

49 CFR 37.49 - Designation of responsible person(s) for intercity and commuter rail stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) designated in accordance with this section shall bear the legal and financial responsibility for making a key... party. (c) In the case of a station more than fifty percent of which is owned by a private entity the... of which no entity owns more than fifty percent, the owners of the station (other than private entity...

49 CFR 37.49 - Designation of responsible person(s) for intercity and commuter rail stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) designated in accordance with this section shall bear the legal and financial responsibility for making a key... party. (c) In the case of a station more than fifty percent of which is owned by a private entity the... of which no entity owns more than fifty percent, the owners of the station (other than private entity...

49 CFR 37.49 - Designation of responsible person(s) for intercity and commuter rail stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) designated in accordance with this section shall bear the legal and financial responsibility for making a key... party. (c) In the case of a station more than fifty percent of which is owned by a private entity the... of which no entity owns more than fifty percent, the owners of the station (other than private entity...

Comparative Aspects of Management Observed by Heads of Public and Private Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Imran, Muhammad

2010-01-01

The major purpose of the research was to compare the management aspects in public and private schools. All the heads of secondary schools of public and private sector of the Punjab province, Pakistan constituted population of the study. A sample of 216 head teachers (fifty percent from public sector schools and fifty percent private schools) was…

The State of the South 2004. Fifty Years after Brown v. Board of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Alison; Guillory, Ferrel; Lipsitz, Joan; Rubin,Sarah

2004-01-01

State of the South 2004 is the fifth edition in North Carolina Manpower Development Corporation MDC's State of the South series, which examines the region's economic and demographic landscape and how Southerners are faring within it. This edition considers the region through the lens of public education, 50 years after the Supreme Court?s Brown…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 3 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children--infants and toddlers under age 3 years--appear to be particularly…

C. H. McCloy Lecture: Fifty Years of Advancements in Fitness and Activity Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corbin, Charles B.

2012-01-01

Over the past 50 years progress in fitness and activity research has been influenced by social events, technical innovations, and changes in the field of physical education and kinesiology. The conventional wisdom of the 1950s yielded to a new wisdom based on research evidence. The author's research, as well as the research of others, from 1960 to…

[Fifty years of population growth and absorbing manual labor in Brazil, 1950-2000].

PubMed

Paiva, P D

1986-01-01

The economically active population has grown rapidly in Brazil, resulting either from population growth or increased female participation in the work force. This rhythm of growth will continue at least until the end of this century. The authors suggest that the impact of the recent decline in fertility will be moderate and will only affect the younger age groups. Despite the rapid growth of employment in the processing industry, the relative size of the so-called informal sector has remained stable since 1950. It is further predicted that, given the economically active population's rate of growth and the decrease in employment in agriculture, there will be a great demand for urban employment in the next 20 years.

29 CFR 794.127 - Exemption conditioned on making 75 percent of sales within the State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... means that over 75 percent of the annual dollar volume of sales must be from sales to customers within the same State in which the enterprise is located. If 25 percent or more of its sales volume is from... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Exemption conditioned on making 75 percent of sales within...

Enhance ONE Year of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Longhurst, Max L.; Smith, Geoffrey G.; Sorenson, Blaine L.

Substitute teachers are responsible for over 1 full year of every child's education, but research shows that only 10 percent of school districts provide more than 2 hours of substitute teacher training, and 53 percent of school districts provide no training. There is a tremendous need to implement effective training programs that will ultimately…

The natural course of anxiety symptoms in early adolescence: factors related to persistence.

PubMed

Voltas, Núria; Hernández-Martínez, Carmen; Arija, Victoria; Canals, Josefa

2017-11-01

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problems during childhood and adolescence. This study examined the course of anxiety symptoms in early adolescents from the general population over three phases. Prospective cohort study. Two hundred and forty-two participants (mean-age of 13.52) from a baseline sample of 1514 (mean-age of 10.23) were followed up three times. Of the 1514 children, those with emotional risk and controls without risk constituted the second-phase sample (n = 562; mean-age of 11.25). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-SCARED was administered in all three phases. Fifty-six percent and 32% of respondents showed total scores above the SCARED cutoff point at one and three years follow-up, respectively. Eight percent showed fluctuating symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents showed high scores for any subtype of anxiety over three years. Social phobia and generalized anxiety symptoms were the most prevalent and persistent. Participants with persistent separation anxiety showed the highest co-occurrence with symptoms of other psychopathological disorders. Participants with persistent anxiety showed lower academic performance. Being male was a protective factor against persistence. The data support anxiety maintenance during early adolescence. Early adolescence is a critical period which may involve other serious academic, social, and family problems.

64 Percent of Asian and Pacific Islander Treatment Admissions Name Alcohol as Their Problem

MedlinePlus

... 000 (1 percent) of the 1.8 million substance abuse admissions were APIs. Among all admissions, 60 percent ... AANHPI. aspx. Asian and Pacific Islander Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment and Total Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Reporting ...

Academically Suspended University Students: What Percent Return? What Percent Graduate?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Bert A.; Blackwell, Karen M.; Beach, Sonja S.

2003-01-01

Tracked five cohorts of first-year students for 6 years to determine how many, by gender and race, were academically suspended, how many of those returned, and of those who returned, how many graduated. Found that a greater percentage of males than females and Black than White students were academically suspended. Minority males were the most…

Thirteen years of invasive and noninvasive home ventilation for children in a developing country: A retrospective study.

PubMed

Nathan, Anna Marie; Loo, Hui Yan; de Bruyne, Jessie Anne; Eg, Kah Peng; Kee, Sze Ying; Thavagnanam, Surendran; Bouniu, Marilyn; Wong, Jiat Earn; Gan, Chin Seng; Lum, Lucy Chai See

2017-04-01

Home ventilation (HV) for children is growing rapidly worldwide. The aim was to describe (1) the sociodemographic characteristics of children on HV and (2) the indications for, means and outcome of initiating HV in children from a developing country. This retrospective study included patients sent home on noninvasive or invasive ventilation, over 13 years, by the pediatric respiratory unit in a single center. Children who declined treatment were excluded. Seventy children were initiated on HV: 85.7% on noninvasive ventilation, 14.3% on invasive ventilation. There was about a threefold increase from 2001-2008 (n = 18) to 2009-2014 (n = 52). Median (range) age of initiating HV was 11 (1-169) months and 73% of children were <2 years old. Common indications for HV were respiratory (57.2%), chest/spine anomalies (11.4%), and neuromuscular (10.0%). Fifty-two percent came off their devices with a median (interquartile range) usage duration of 12 (4.8, 21.6) months. Ten children (14.3%) died with one avoidable death. Children with neuromuscular disease were less likely to come off their ventilator (0.0%) compared to children with respiratory disease (62.1%). Forty-one percent of parents bought their equipment, whereas 58.6% borrowed their equipment from the medical social work department and other sources. HV in a resource-limited country is possible. Children with respiratory disease made up a significant proportion of those requiring HV and were more likely to be weaned off. The mortality rate was low. The social work department played an important role in facilitating early discharge. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:500-507. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Importance of record length with respect to estimating the 1-percent chance flood

USGS Publications Warehouse

Feaster, Toby D.

2010-01-01

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gages have been established in every State in the Nation, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. From these st reamflow records, estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are often developed and used to design transportation and water- conveyance structures to protect lives and property, and to determine flood-insurance rates. Probably the most recognizable flood statistic computed from USGS stream gaging records is the 1- percent (%) chance flood; better known has the 100-year flood. By definition, this is a flood that has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year. The 1% chance flood is a statistical estimate that can be significantly influenced by length of record and extreme flood events captured in that record. Consequently, it is typically recommended that flood statistics be updated on some regular interval such as every 10 years. This paper examines the influence of record length on the 1% chance flood for the Broad River in Georgia and the substantial difference that can occur in the estimate based on record length and the hydrologic conditions under which that record was collected. 

Potential Fifty Percent Reduction in Saturation Diving Decompression Time Using a Combination of Intermittent Recompression and Exercise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gernhardt, Michael I.; Abercromby, Andrew; Conklin, Johnny

2007-01-01

Conventional saturation decompression protocols use linear decompression rates that become progressively slower at shallower depths, consistent with free gas phase control vs. dissolved gas elimination kinetics. If decompression is limited by control of free gas phase, linear decompression is an inefficient strategy. The NASA prebreathe reduction program demonstrated that exercise during O2 prebreathe resulted in a 50% reduction (2 h vs. 4 h) in the saturation decompression time from 14.7 to 4.3 psi and a significant reduction in decompression sickness (DCS: 0 vs. 23.7%). Combining exercise with intermittent recompression, which controls gas phase growth and eliminates supersaturation before exercising, may enable more efficient saturation decompression schedules. A tissue bubble dynamics model (TBDM) was used in conjunction with a NASA exercise prebreathe model (NEPM) that relates tissue inert gas exchange rate constants to exercise (ml O2/kg-min), to develop a schedule for decompression from helium saturation at 400 fsw. The models provide significant prediction (p < 0.001) and goodness of fit with 430 cases of DCS in 6437 laboratory dives for TBDM (p = 0.77) and with 22 cases of DCS in 159 altitude exposures for NEPM (p = 0.70). The models have also been used operationally in over 25,000 dives (TBDM) and 40 spacewalks (NEPM). The standard U.S. Navy (USN) linear saturation decompression schedule from saturation at 400 fsw required 114.5 h with a maximum Bubble Growth Index (BGI(sub max)) of 17.5. Decompression using intermittent recompression combined with two 10 min exercise periods (75% VO2 (sub peak)) per day required 54.25 h (BGI(sub max): 14.7). Combined intermittent recompression and exercise resulted in a theoretical 53% (2.5 day) reduction in decompression time and theoretically lower DCS risk compared to the standard USN decompression schedule. These results warrant future decompression trials to evaluate the efficacy of this approach.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act at Fifty: A Changing Federal Role in American Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Adam R.

2016-01-01

For this first "History of Education Quarterly Policy Forum," we invited participants in the special Plenary Session at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the History of Education Society (HES) in St. Louis to publish their remarks on the historical significance of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) at fifty. Organized and…

Access and Financial Aid: How American-Indian Students Pay for College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tierney, William G.; Sallee, Margaret W.; Venegas, Kristan M.

2007-01-01

American Indians are among the most underrepresented and underserved groups in higher education. Fifty-one out of every 100 American Indians graduate from high school. Of these 1, only 7 percent will enroll in college and ultimately earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Some American-Indian students fail to complete their studies for…

Use of individualized learning plans among fourth-year sub-interns in pediatrics and internal medicine.

PubMed

Shepard, Michelle E; Sastre, Elizabeth A; Davidson, Mario A; Fleming, Amy E

2012-01-01

Individualized Learning Plans (ILPs) are an effective tool for promoting self-directed learning among residents. However, no literature details ILP use among medical students. Fifty fourth-year sub-interns in pediatrics and internal medicine created ILPs, including a self-assessment of strengths and weaknesses based on ACGME core competencies and the setting of learning objectives. During weekly follow-up meetings with faculty mentors and peers, students discussed challenges and revised goals. Upon completion of the rotation, students completed a survey of Likert-scale questions addressing satisfaction with and perceived utility of ILP components. Students most often self-identified strengths in the areas of Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills and weaknesses in Patient Care and Systems-Based Practice. Eighty-two percent set at least one learning objective in an identified area of weakness. Students expressed high confidence in their abilities to create achievable learning objectives and to generate strategies to meet those objectives. Students agreed that discussions during group meetings were meaningful, and they identified the setting learning objectives and weekly meetings as the most important elements of the exercise. Fourth-year sub-interns reported that ILPs helped them to accomplish rotation goals, with the setting of learning objectives and weekly discussions being the most useful elements.

Effect of breeding strategy and feeding system on the within-herd variation of lean meat percents in Danish slaughter pigs.

PubMed

Stege, H; Bagger, J; Nielsen, J P; Ersbøll, A K

2011-08-01

In several countries slaughter pigs are paid for individually, according to slaughter weight and lean meat percent (LMP). Production of uniform batches of pigs within the optimal weight and LMP limits will obtain the best price. Therefore, all pigs should have a similar growth rate (average daily gain, ADG) and reach an appropriate slaughter weight within the same time period. LMP may serve as a proxy for ADG since pigs with low LMP have significantly higher ADG than pigs with high LMP and vice versa. Both breeding strategy and feeding system may influence the range of variation among pigs. The aim of this study was to test the two following hypotheses: (1) Herds purchasing breeding gilts have a higher mean value and a lower variation (standard deviation) in LMP than herds producing their own breeding gilts and (2) Herds using restricted feeding of finishers have a higher mean value and a lower variation (standard deviation) in LMP than herds with ad libitum feeding of finishers. The study included 72 herds and a total of 345,132 pigs slaughtered during one year. Among the 72 herds, 40 were home-breeders and 32 purchased breeding gilts from a breeding company. Nineteen herds used restricted feeding, of which 8 (42%) were home-breeders. Fifty-three herds used ad libitum feeding, of which 32 (60%) were home-breeders. Breeding strategy had a significant effect on SDLMP (p=0.003), where purchase of breeding gilts resulted in a significantly lower standard deviation of the monthly LMP compared to home-bred gilts (a difference in median SDLMP of 0.2 percentage points or 8% difference between groups). Feeding system had a significant effect on the meanLMP (p<0.001), with a significantly higher meanLMP in herds using restrictive feeding compared to ad libitum feeding (60.7% versus 60.0%). Restrictive feeding also resulted in a significantly lower SDLMP (p<0.001) compared to ad libitum feeding (2.2% versus 2.5% or a 12% difference between groups). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier

The Influence of Local Bone Density on the Outcome of One Hundred and Fifty Proximal Humeral Fractures Treated with a Locking Plate.

PubMed

Kralinger, Franz; Blauth, Michael; Goldhahn, Jörg; Käch, Kurt; Voigt, Christine; Platz, Andreas; Hanson, Beate

2014-06-18

There is biomechanical evidence that bone density predicts the mechanical failure of implants. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of local bone mineral density on the rate of mechanical failure after locking plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures. We enrolled 150 patients who were from fifty to ninety years old with a closed, displaced proximal humeral fracture fixed with use of a locking plate from July 2007 to April 2010. There were 118 women and thirty-two men who had a mean age of sixty-nine years. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were done to assess bone mineral density of the contralateral humerus, and dual x-ray absorptiometry of the distal end of the radius of the unaffected arm was conducted within the first six weeks postoperatively. At follow-up evaluations at six weeks, three months, and one year postoperatively, pain, shoulder mobility, strength, and multiple functional and quality-of-life outcome measures (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] questionnaire; Shoulder Pain and Disability Index [SPADI]; Constant score; and EuroQuol-5D [EQ-5D]) were done and standard radiographs were made. We defined mechanical failure as all complications related to bone quality experienced within one year. After locking plate fixation, fifty-three (35%) of 150 patients had mechanical failure; loss of reduction and secondary screw loosening with perforation were common. CT assessments of local bone mineral density showed no difference between patients with and without mechanical failure (89.82 versus 91.51 mg/cm 3 , respectively; p = 0.670). One-year DASH, SPADI, and Constant scores were significantly better for patients without mechanical failure (p ≤ 0.05). We did not find evidence of an association between bone mineral density and the rate of mechanical failures, which may suggest that patients with normal bone mineral density are less prone to sustain a proximal humeral fracture. Future studies should

Risk analysis of ODOT's HMA percent within limits (PWL) specification.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-08-01

The Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) is considering switching its method of payment : for hot mix asphalt (HMA) construction from their current procedure to a Percent Within Limits (PWL) : specification. Quality characteristics are percen...

Darkness and near work: myopia and its progression in third-year law students.

PubMed

Loman, Jane; Quinn, Graham E; Kamoun, Layla; Ying, Gui-Shuang; Maguire, Maureen G; Hudesman, David; Stone, Richard A

2002-05-01

To evaluate myopia prevalence, myopia progression, and various potential myopia risk factors in third-year law students. Cross-sectional study and survey. One hundred seventy-nine third-year law students at the University of Pennsylvania. We administered a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of myopia, myopia progression, and risk factors, including near work, family history, and daily light/dark exposure. We conducted a screening eye examination to ascertain myopia status. Myopia was defined as the mean spherical equivalent of the two eyes of percent of the class participated (n = 179, two were excluded for amblyopia leaving 177 students). Fifty-eight percent were male, 75% were Caucasian, and the mean age was 27 years. Seventy-nine percent reported parental myopia. The mean amount of near work was 7.4 hours/day; mean sleep was 7.9 hours/day; mean darkness was 5.3 hours/day. Sixty-six percent of the students were myopic. Of 96 participants myopic before law school, myopia increased in 83 (86%) during law school. Among 75 students not myopic at the beginning of law school, 14 (19%) became myopic. The onset of myopia could not be determined for 6 patients. There were trends for higher myopia prevalence among those with a parental myopia history (P = 0.14) and for increased myopia progression among those reporting more daily near work (P = 0.18). Students with 5.6 hours of darkness per day (95% vs. 80%, P = 0.07). To account for possible confounding effects of risk factors with myopia progression, logistic regression with categorization of the continuous exposure variables (hours of near work, sleep, and darkness) above or below median values weakened the near work association

Identification of a novel percent mammographic density locus at 12q24.

PubMed

Stevens, Kristen N; Lindstrom, Sara; Scott, Christopher G; Thompson, Deborah; Sellers, Thomas A; Wang, Xianshu; Wang, Alice; Atkinson, Elizabeth; Rider, David N; Eckel-Passow, Jeanette E; Varghese, Jajini S; Audley, Tina; Brown, Judith; Leyland, Jean; Luben, Robert N; Warren, Ruth M L; Loos, Ruth J F; Wareham, Nicholas J; Li, Jingmei; Hall, Per; Liu, Jianjun; Eriksson, Louise; Czene, Kamila; Olson, Janet E; Pankratz, V Shane; Fredericksen, Zachary; Diasio, Robert B; Lee, Adam M; Heit, John A; DeAndrade, Mariza; Goode, Ellen L; Vierkant, Robert A; Cunningham, Julie M; Armasu, Sebastian M; Weinshilboum, Richard; Fridley, Brooke L; Batzler, Anthony; Ingle, James N; Boyd, Norman F; Paterson, Andrew D; Rommens, Johanna; Martin, Lisa J; Hopper, John L; Southey, Melissa C; Stone, Jennifer; Apicella, Carmel; Kraft, Peter; Hankinson, Susan E; Hazra, Aditi; Hunter, David J; Easton, Douglas F; Couch, Fergus J; Tamimi, Rulla M; Vachon, Celine M

2012-07-15

Percent mammographic density adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer and has a heritable component that remains largely unidentified. We performed a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of percent mammographic density to identify novel genetic loci associated with this trait. In stage 1, we combined three GWASs of percent density comprised of 1241 women from studies at the Mayo Clinic and identified the top 48 loci (99 single nucleotide polymorphisms). We attempted replication of these loci in 7018 women from seven additional studies (stage 2). The meta-analysis of stage 1 and 2 data identified a novel locus, rs1265507 on 12q24, associated with percent density, adjusting for age and BMI (P = 4.43 × 10(-8)). We refined the 12q24 locus with 459 additional variants (stage 3) in a combined analysis of all three stages (n = 10 377) and confirmed that rs1265507 has the strongest association in the 12q24 region (P = 1.03 × 10(-8)). Rs1265507 is located between the genes TBX5 and TBX3, which are members of the phylogenetically conserved T-box gene family and encode transcription factors involved in developmental regulation. Understanding the mechanism underlying this association will provide insight into the genetics of breast tissue composition.

Identification of a novel percent mammographic density locus at 12q24

PubMed Central

Stevens, Kristen N.; Lindstrom, Sara; Scott, Christopher G.; Thompson, Deborah; Sellers, Thomas A.; Wang, Xianshu; Wang, Alice; Atkinson, Elizabeth; Rider, David N.; Eckel-Passow, Jeanette E.; Varghese, Jajini S.; Audley, Tina; Brown, Judith; Leyland, Jean; Luben, Robert N.; Warren, Ruth M.L.; Loos, Ruth J.F.; Wareham, Nicholas J.; Li, Jingmei; Hall, Per; Liu, Jianjun; Eriksson, Louise; Czene, Kamila; Olson, Janet E.; Shane Pankratz, V.; Fredericksen, Zachary; Diasio, Robert B.; Lee, Adam M.; Heit, John A.; deAndrade, Mariza; Goode, Ellen L.; Vierkant, Robert A.; Cunningham, Julie M.; Armasu, Sebastian M.; Weinshilboum, Richard; Fridley, Brooke L.; Batzler, Anthony; Ingle, James N.; Boyd, Norman F.; Paterson, Andrew D.; Rommens, Johanna; Martin, Lisa J.; Hopper, John L.; Southey, Melissa C.; Stone, Jennifer; Apicella, Carmel; Kraft, Peter; Hankinson, Susan E.; Hazra, Aditi; Hunter, David J.; Easton, Douglas F.; Couch, Fergus J.; Tamimi, Rulla M.; Vachon, Celine M.

2012-01-01

Percent mammographic density adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer and has a heritable component that remains largely unidentified. We performed a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of percent mammographic density to identify novel genetic loci associated with this trait. In stage 1, we combined three GWASs of percent density comprised of 1241 women from studies at the Mayo Clinic and identified the top 48 loci (99 single nucleotide polymorphisms). We attempted replication of these loci in 7018 women from seven additional studies (stage 2). The meta-analysis of stage 1 and 2 data identified a novel locus, rs1265507 on 12q24, associated with percent density, adjusting for age and BMI (P = 4.43 × 10−8). We refined the 12q24 locus with 459 additional variants (stage 3) in a combined analysis of all three stages (n = 10 377) and confirmed that rs1265507 has the strongest association in the 12q24 region (P = 1.03 × 10−8). Rs1265507 is located between the genes TBX5 and TBX3, which are members of the phylogenetically conserved T-box gene family and encode transcription factors involved in developmental regulation. Understanding the mechanism underlying this association will provide insight into the genetics of breast tissue composition. PMID:22532574

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

A Comparison of Three Methods to Measure Percent Body Fat on Mentally Retarded Adults.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkett, Lee N.; And Others

1994-01-01

Reports a study that compared three measures for determining percent body fat in mentally retarded adults (multiple skinfolds and circumference measurements, Infrared Interactance, and Bioelectrical Impedance). Results indicated the Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer and Infrared Interactance Analyzer produced values for percent body fat that were…

Lessons Drawn from Sputnik 50 Years Later

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavanagh, Sean

2007-01-01

Fifty years ago, with the Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite, millions of Americans found themselves peering anxiously into the night sky--and also looking inward, as they reconsidered previously cozy assumptions about their nation's technological and educational superiority. The 184-pound, unmanned aluminum beacon lasted just three…

Evaluating percent within limits (PWL) specifications volume 1 : HMA specifications.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-05-01

The Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) has let four paving jobs for construction where : percent within limits (PWL) specifications were employed. The PWL specifications are intended to be : used as part of the Quality Assessment program to...

Contributions of Two-Year Institutions to Four-Year Completions. Snapshot™ Report, Spring 2015

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Student Clearinghouse, 2015

2015-01-01

In the 2013-14 academic year, 46 percent of students who completed a degree at a four-year institution were enrolled at a two-year institution at some point in the previous 10 years. This is a one percentage point increase over the comparable figure for degrees awarded in 2010-11. The prior two-year enrollment may have been brief (as little as a…

Streamflow of 2016—Water year summary

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jian, Xiaodong; Wolock, David M.; Lins, Harry F.; Brady, Steven J.

2017-09-26

The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2016 (October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016) in the context of streamflow ranks relative to the 87-year period of 1930–2016, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Streamflow Network. The period of 1930–2016 was used because the number of streamgages before 1930 was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.In the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified period was uniformly distributed on it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation’s rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.In all the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed and 87 indicates the lowest flow of all years. Rankings of streamflow are grouped into much below normal, below normal, normal, above normal, and much above normal based on percentiles of flow (less than 10 percent, 10–24 percent, 25–75 percent, 76–90 percent, and greater than 90 percent, respectively). Some of the data used to produce the maps and graphs are provisional and subject to change.

Orbital Anomalies in Goddard Spacecraft for Calendar Year 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Walter B.

1996-01-01

This report summarizes and updates the annual on-orbit performance between January I and December 31, 1994, for spacecraft built by or managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). During 1994, GSFC had 27 active orbiting satellites and I Shuttle-launched and retrieved 'free flyer.' There were 310 reported anomalies among 21 satellites and one GSFC instrument (TOMS). GOES-8 accounted for 66 anomalies, and SAMPES reported 155 'anomalies'. Of the 155 anomalies reported for all but SAMPEX, only 4 affected the spacecraft missions 'substantially' or greater, that is, presented a loss of more than 33% of the total missions. The most frequent subsystem anomalies were Instrument/Payload(44), Timing Command and Control(40), and Attitude Control Systems(33). Of the non-SAMPEX anomalies, 29% had no effect on the missions and 28% caused subsystem or instrument degradation and, for another 28%, no anomaly effect on the mission could be determined. Fifty-three percent of non-SAMPEX anomalies could not be classified according to 'type'; the other most common types were 'systemic'(35), 'random'(19), and 'normal or expected operation'(15). Forty percent of the anomalies were not classified according to failure category; the remaining most frequent occurrences were 'design problems'(50) and 'other known problems'(35).

Military engine computational structures technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomson, Daniel E.

1992-01-01

Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology Initiative (IHPTET) goals require a strong analytical base. Effective analysis of composite materials is critical to life analysis and structural optimization. Accurate life prediction for all material systems is critical. User friendly systems are also desirable. Post processing of results is very important. The IHPTET goal is to double turbine engine propulsion capability by the year 2003. Fifty percent of the goal will come from advanced materials and structures, the other 50 percent will come from increasing performance. Computer programs are listed.

World meat consumption patterns: An overview of the last fifty years (1961-2011).

PubMed

Sans, P; Combris, P

2015-11-01

Driven by economic development and urbanisation, protein consumption has surged worldwide over the last 50years, rising from 61g per person per day in 1961 to 80g per person per day in 2011 [Corrected]. This contribution analyses the apparent convergence of dietary models worldwide with respect to the proportion of ABP and especially meat in intake. By using FAO data for 183 countries over the period 1961-2011, the authors show the connection between annual per capita GDP and the level of ABP (R2=0.62) and meat consumption (R2=0.62). They emphasise the surge in ABP intake in emerging countries (China, Brazil) which has partly replaced plant protein. However, for similar degrees of economic development, the composition of ABPs and the position of meat within this category vary significantly among countries, suggesting that historical, geographical, cultural and religious factors may be involved. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Whiskey Springs redwood commercial thinning study: a 29-year status report (1970 to 1999)

Treesearch

James Lindquist

2007-01-01

The response of well-stocked second-growth coastal redwood stands to three levels of commercial thinning is reported after 29 years of growth. Commercial thinning treatments left 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent (uncut control) of the original basal area (400 ft2 per acre) in a 40-year old stand on the Jackson Demonstration...

[Patient complaints in a hospital emergency department in Belgium].

PubMed

Ngongo, B Tchuyap; Carlier, A; Mols, P

2011-04-01

Patients express their dissatisfaction through complaints. This study analyzed the frequency and chief complaints of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). The end point was find ways to improve patient satisfaction after their ED visit. In this retrospective, seven years study, we reviewed 155 chief complaints of patients presenting to the ED of a university hospital. The chief complaints were either from the patients or a family member. One hundred and fifty five chief complaints collected from 496.816 patients presenting to the ED were reviewed over a period of seven years. Complaints case rate was 3.1 per 10.000 visits. Complaints came from patients between the age of 20 to 60 years old (75.0 percent). Complains involved a physician (79.0 percent). The complaints were related a lack of communication (39.0 percent), long waiting time (14.0 percent), wrong diagnosis (22.0 percent), wrong treatment (13.0 percent) and ED disposition of the patient (12.0 percent). Two types of pathology represented more than 15 percent of the complaints: the traumatology (22.0 percent) and the psychiatry (17.0 percent). The traumatology and psychiatry represented respectively 30.0 percent and 10.0 percent of ED visits. Most complaints were addressed and resolved through a hospital mediator, Chief of service or Chief of staff. The rate of complains is low. Most complaints can be prevented if the physician improves communication with patients.

Fifty years of X-ray astronomy: A look back and into the (near) future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santangelo, Andrea; Madonia, Rosalia

2014-01-01

In this article we review the history of X-ray astronomy from the pioneering years to the age of the great observatories. We will try to show how new discoveries have been linked to technological breakthroughs, to science policy achievements and have been always supported by the passion of scientists who dedicated their life to the exploration of the Universe at the high energies. We will also briefly review the current challenges of X-ray astronomy (and astrophysics) and the missions already planned or that are being designed to address these challenges.

Prolonged Exercise and Changes in Percent Fat Determinations by Hydrostatic Weighing and Scintillation Counting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Tom R.; And Others

1979-01-01

This study, designed to determine the effect of a prolonged running bout on the measurement of percent fat, produced erroneously low readings. It is suggested that previous exercise and state of hydration of subjects should be controlled prior to percent fat determination by hydrostatic weighing or scintillation counting. (MJB)

Arm lymphoedema and upper limb impairments in sentinel node-negative breast cancer patients: A one year follow-up study.

PubMed

De Groef, An; Van Kampen, Marijke; Tieto, Elena; Schönweger, Petra; Christiaens, Marie-Rose; Neven, Patrick; Geraerts, Inge; Gebruers, Nick; Devoogdt, Nele

2016-10-01

The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the prevalence rate of arm lymphedema, pain, impaired shoulder range of motion, strength and shoulder function one year after a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer and (2) to determine predictive factors for these complications. A longitudinal study was performed. One hundred patients with a sentinel-lymph node negative breast cancer were included. All patients were measured before surgery and one year after. Arm lymphedema was measured with the perimeter, pain with the Visual Analogue Scale, shoulder range of motion with an inclinometer, strength with a handheld dynamometer and shoulder function with the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. Patient-, breast cancer- and treatment-related variables were recorded. One year after surgery 8% of sentinel node-negative breast cancer patients had developed arm lymphedema. Fifty percent of patients had pain, 30% had an impaired shoulder range of motion, 8% had a decreased handgrip strength and 49% had an impaired shoulder function. Pain, shoulder range of motion, strength and shoulder dysfunctions changed significantly over one year (p < 0.001). Higher Body Mass Index is a predictive variable for shoulder dysfunctions one year post-SLNB. Prevalence rate of lymphedema and other upper limb impairments may not be underestimated after SLNB. Pain, shoulder range of motion, handgrip strength and shoulder function change significantly up to one year compared to preoperative values in sentinel node-negative breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

35 GHz integrated circuit rectifying antenna with 33 percent efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yoo, T.-W.; Chang, K.

1991-01-01

A 35 GHz integrated circuit rectifying antenna (rectenna) has been developed using a microstrip dipole antenna and beam-lead mixer diode. Greater than 33 percent conversion efficiency has been achieved. The circuit should have applications in microwave/millimeter-wave power transmission and detection.

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... FISCAL SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

Portal vein thrombosis in the district general hospital: management and clinical outcomes.

PubMed

Farmer, Adam D; Saadeddin, Abid; Holt, Caroline E M Bruckner; Bateman, Jeffrey M; Ahmed, Monz; Syn, Wyn King

2009-05-01

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) refers to a thrombosis that occurs in the extrahepatic portal venous system in the presence or absence of underlying liver disease. The clinical presentation of PVT is extremely variable and there is no absolute consensus on its investigation and management. A paucity of literature examining this clinical entity in the district general hospital is observed. We reviewed the experience of two medium-sized district general hospitals in the UK. Twenty-five patients, who were diagnosed with PVT, were identified from the electronic databases of the two hospitals from 1994 to 2007. Fifty-six percent of patients were females with a median age of 59 years. Seventy-six percent of patients had an identifiable comorbidity at presentation, the most common being chronic liver disease. The most frequently presenting symptom was abdominal pain and distension (60%). Twenty-four percent of patients presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to oesophageal and/or gastric varices. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomographical imaging were the imaging modalities most commonly used to diagnose PVT, although abdominal ultrasound missed 12% of patients subsequently diagnosed by other methods. Fifty percent of patients, who had a thrombophilia screen, were found to have a coagulopathy. Twenty-eight percent of patients were anticoagulated with warfarin with no adverse bleeding events observed. Forty-four percent of patients were placed on an endoscopic variceal band ligation programme. Nine patients died over the study period from either upper gastrointestinal bleeding, end-stage liver failure or biliary sepsis. The acturial 5-year survival was 72%. The mortality from PVT is low and survival is related to the underlying cause. Although the diagnosis of PVT remains uncommon outside the specialist centre, both specialist and nonspecialist physicians must remain mindful of this important condition.

Thyrotoxicosis in the Elderly

PubMed Central

Finch, Mark J.; Woodbury, David

1983-01-01

Charts of 28 hyperthyroid patients over 60 years old were retrospectively analyzed and compared with charts of 14 patients under 30 years old. The mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 16 months in the elderly and five months in the younger group. Heart rate was substantially lower in the older (107 beats/min) vs younger (117 beats/min) study group. The symptom of weakness or fatigue was more prevalent in the elderly group (94 percent) than in the younger group (57 percent). Cardiac palpitation was more prevalent in the elderly patients whereas insomnia, irritability, dysphagia, hyperphagia, and heat intolerance were more prevalent in the younger patients. Fifty percent of the elderly patients complained of chest pain. Cachexia (62 percent), thin, fine hair (50 percent), and weakness (58 percent) were prominent physical findings in the elderly group. Twenty-six percent of the elderly patients had atrial fibrillation. These findings confirm previous studies that show some differences in presentation of hyperthyroidism in elderly patients when compared with younger patients. The authors recommend that thyroid function tests be obtained for broad indications in the elderly. PMID:6644837

18 Percent of Pregnant Women Drink Alcohol during Early Pregnancy

MedlinePlus

National Survey on Drug Use and Health The NSDUH Report Data Spotlight September 9, 2013 18 Percent of Pregnant VA60 Women Drink Alcohol during Early Pregnancy Women who drink alcohol while pregnant increase the risk that their infants will have physical, learning, and/ ...

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Freeboards § 42.20-7 Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent... applied to the following flooding standards: (1) If the vessel is 225 meters (738 feet) or less in length...

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Freeboards § 42.20-7 Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent... applied to the following flooding standards: (1) If the vessel is 225 meters (738 feet) or less in length...

46 CFR 42.20-7 - Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent reduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Flooding standard: Type âBâ vessel, 60 percent reduction... DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN VOYAGES BY SEA Freeboards § 42.20-7 Flooding standard: Type “B” vessel, 60 percent... applied to the following flooding standards: (1) If the vessel is 225 meters (738 feet) or less in length...

Predictors of outcome after temporal lobectomy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy.

PubMed

Jeha, L E; Najm, I M; Bingaman, W E; Khandwala, F; Widdess-Walsh, P; Morris, H H; Dinner, D S; Nair, D; Foldvary-Schaeffer, N; Prayson, R A; Comair, Y; O'Brien, R; Bulacio, J; Gupta, A; Lüders, H O

2006-06-27

To assess short- and long-term seizure freedom, the authors reviewed 371 patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The mean follow-up duration was 5.5 years (range 1 to 14.1 years). Fifty-three percent of patients were seizure free at 10 years. The authors identified multiple predictors of recurrence. Results of EEG performed 6 months postoperatively correlated with occurrence and severity of seizure recurrence, in addition to breakthrough seizures with discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs.

The fate of eyes with wet AMD beyond four years of anti-VEGF therapy.

PubMed

Garweg, Justus G; Zirpel, Johanna J; Gerhardt, Christin; Pfister, Isabel B

2018-04-01

Real-life studies on long-term functional outcome of anti-VEGF treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) are limited. We therefore assessed the 10-year outcomes in our patients. In this retrospective study, all patients with newly diagnosed wAMD that had received minimally three intravitreal injections between 2007 and 2012 and a follow-up of ≥48 months were included. Primary outcome measure was the evolution of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over time. For qualitative, quantitative and longitudinal data, Pearson's chi 2 test, the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were applied at a significance level of p < 0.05. Of 267 eyes (219 patients) with newly diagnosed wAMD treated during this period, 104 eyes (104 patients) had been followed for at least 48 months and were included. Fifty-nine eyes (57.8%) after 7 years were still under active treatment, 29 eyes (25.0%) had interrupted treatment [mean follow-up 7.5 years (4.0-10.1; SD 1.6)], whereas 16 patients had died. BCVA stabilized at -7.3 to -11.9 letters after 3-10 years of follow-up with a mean of 2.8 injections (median; 3.0, SD 1.0; 1-5) and 5.1 visits per year. In two thirds of eyes, treatment was switched to aflibercept or corticosteroid combinations without bearing on functional outcomes. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of eyes maintained driving vision for up to 10 years. Beyond 3 years of treatment, functional stability was maintained for up to 10 years. Further improvement of long-term outcomes might have required a more intensive treatment in the early phase.

Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT): First Year Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helin, E. F.; Rabinowitz, D. L.; Pravdo, S. H.; Lawrence, K. J.

1997-07-01

The successful detection of Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) has been demonstrated by the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory during its first year of operation. The NEAT CCD camera system is installed on the U. S. Air Force 1-m GEODSS telescope in Maui. Using state-of-the-art software and hardware, the system initiates nightly transmitted observing script from JPL, moves the telescopes for successive exposures of the selected fields, detects moving objects as faint as V=20.5 in 40 s exposures, determines their astrometric positions, and downloads the data for review at JPL in the morning. The NEAT system is detecting NEAs larger than 200m, comets, and other unique objects at a rate competitive with current operating systems, and bright enough for important physical studies on moderate-sized telescopes. NEAT has detected over 10,000 asteroids over a wide range of magnitudes, demonstrating the excellent capability of the NEAT system. Fifty-five percent of the detections are new objects and over 900 of them have been followed on a second night to receive designation from the Minor Planet Center. 14 NEAs (9 Amors, 4 Apollos, and 1 Aten) have been discovered since March 1996. Also, 2 long period comets and 1996 PW, an asteroidal object with an orbit of a long-period comet, with an eccentricity of 0.992 and orbital period of 5900 years. Program discoveries will be reviewed along with analysis of results pertaining to the discovery efficiency, distribution on the sky, range of orbits and magnitudes. Related abstract: Lawrence, K., et al., 1997 DPS

26 CFR 1.414(r)-4 - Qualified separate line of business-fifty-employee and notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...-employee and notice requirements. 1.414(r)-4 Section 1.414(r)-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-4 Qualified separate line of business—fifty-employee and... line of business (as determined under § 1.414(r)-3) satisfies the 50-employee and notice requirements...

26 CFR 1.414(r)-4 - Qualified separate line of business-fifty-employee and notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-employee and notice requirements. 1.414(r)-4 Section 1.414(r)-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-4 Qualified separate line of business—fifty-employee and... line of business (as determined under § 1.414(r)-3) satisfies the 50-employee and notice requirements...

26 CFR 1.414(r)-4 - Qualified separate line of business-fifty-employee and notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...-employee and notice requirements. 1.414(r)-4 Section 1.414(r)-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-4 Qualified separate line of business—fifty-employee and... line of business (as determined under § 1.414(r)-3) satisfies the 50-employee and notice requirements...

26 CFR 1.414(r)-4 - Qualified separate line of business-fifty-employee and notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-employee and notice requirements. 1.414(r)-4 Section 1.414(r)-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE...-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-4 Qualified separate line of business—fifty-employee and... line of business (as determined under § 1.414(r)-3) satisfies the 50-employee and notice requirements...

29 CFR 553.212 - Twenty percent limitation on nonexempt work.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Twenty percent limitation on nonexempt work. (a) Employees engaged in fire protection or law enforcement... example, firefighters who work for forest conservation agencies may, during slack times, plant trees and... of the total hours worked by that employee during the workweek or applicable work period. A person...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

National and International Associations... 50 Years on

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuckett, Alan

2010-01-01

Looking back fifty years is a salutary experience. There is a sense that everything changes, and everything stays the same. Whilst people now have a global non-government organisation to support national bodies in the field of adult learning, most of the national members have a fragile financial base, and the International Council for Adult…

Fifty years of computer analysis in chest imaging: rule-based, machine learning, deep learning.

PubMed

van Ginneken, Bram

2017-03-01

Half a century ago, the term "computer-aided diagnosis" (CAD) was introduced in the scientific literature. Pulmonary imaging, with chest radiography and computed tomography, has always been one of the focus areas in this field. In this study, I describe how machine learning became the dominant technology for tackling CAD in the lungs, generally producing better results than do classical rule-based approaches, and how the field is now rapidly changing: in the last few years, we have seen how even better results can be obtained with deep learning. The key differences among rule-based processing, machine learning, and deep learning are summarized and illustrated for various applications of CAD in the chest.

[Fifty years of psychiatry at the interface between psyche and soma: a SWOT analysis].

PubMed

van Houdenhove, B; Luyten, P

2008-01-01

During the past 50 years the border area between psychiatry and somatic medicine has undergone remarkable changes. Theories have become better-founded, both psychologically and neurobiologically, research has become more sophisticated, and liaison-psychiatrists and health psychiatrist/behavioural medicine psychologists have played an increasingly active role in this domain. At the beginning of the 21st century modern psychosomatic medicine is facing new challenges; these include how to create a workable diagnostic classification system, how to instruct and educate both health professionals and lay-persons to an adequate level, how to utilize innovative research paradigms without having recourse to reductionism and how to implement in medical practice treatments that are geared to the needs of the individual patient.

Wildfire risk and optimal investments in watershed protection

Treesearch

Travis Warziniack; Matthew Thompson

2013-01-01

Following what was then one of the most destructive fire years on record, President Bush signed into law the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003. The law requires no less than fifty percent of all funds allocated for hazardous fuels reductions to occur in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), with the aim of enhancing the protection of homes and reducing the costs of...

Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

PubMed Central

Leung, Christopher; Yeoh, Sern Wei; Patrick, Desmond; Ket, Shara; Marion, Kaye; Gow, Paul; Angus, Peter W

2015-01-01

AIM: To determine characteristics and prognostic predictors of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: We reviewed the records of all patients with NAFLD associated HCC between 2000 and 2012. Data collected included demographics; histology; presence or absence of cirrhosis, size and number of HCC, alpha-fetoprotein, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidaemia. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients with NAFLD associated HCC were identified. Mean age was 64 years with 87% male. Fifteen percent (8/54) were not cirrhotic. 11%, 24% and 50% had a BMI of < 25 kg/m2, 25-29 kg/m2 and ≥ 30 kg/m2 respectively. Fifty-nine percent were diabetic, 44% hypertensive and 26% hyperlipidaemic. Thirty-four percent of the patients had ≤ 1 of these risk factors. Non-cirrhotics had a significantly larger mean tumour diameter at diagnosis than cirrhotics (P = 0.041). Multivariate analysis did not identify any other patient characteristics that predicted the size or number of HCC. CONCLUSION: HCC can develop in NAFLD without cirrhosis. At diagnosis such tumours are larger than those in cirrhotics, conferring a poorer prognosis. PMID:25632192

[Evaluation of mental and communication functions in mapuche and non mapuche elderly subjects in rural communities in Southern Chile].

PubMed

Mella, Rebeca; Alvear, María; Carrillo, Berta; Caire, Victor

2003-11-01

The main predictors of functional impairment in the elderly are alterations in mental or communication functions. To study mental and communication functions in rural elderly subjects of Mapuche and non Mapuche origin. Elderly subjects coming from a rural Mapuche community and a non Mapuche community were studied. Subjects were interviewed at their homes. The communication and mental function assessments of the Functional Autonomy Measurement System were applied. Fifty one Mapuche and 49 non Mapuche subjects with a mean age of 71 +/- 7 and 74 +/- 8 years respectively, were studied. Fifty four percent were female and 31% were illiterate. Twenty six percent had impairment in mental functions. The item with the highest difficulty was memory. The visual function was the most severely impaired among communication items. Mapuche elderly subjects had significantly higher degrees of impairment in mental and communication functions. There is a higher degree of mental and communication impairment among rural Mapuche elderly subjects than in their non Mapuche counterparts.

26 CFR 1.414(r)-4 - Qualified separate line of business-fifty-employee and notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-employee and notice requirements. 1.414(r)-4 Section 1.414(r)-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.414(r)-4 Qualified separate line of business—fifty-employee and notice... business (as determined under § 1.414(r)-3) satisfies the 50-employee and notice requirements of § 1.414(r...

Evaluating first-year pine seedling survival plateau in Louisiana

Treesearch

Puskar N. Khana; Thomas J. Dean; Scott D. Roberts; Donald L. Grebner

2016-01-01

First-year seeding survival has been a continuing problem since the start of commercial pine plantation forestry in the 1950s. First-year survival of bare-root loblolly pine seedlings on intensively prepared sites in Louisiana has maintained a survival plateau between 79 to 89 percent with an average of about 82 percent. The specific objectives of this study were to...

Effect of simultaneous variation in temperature and ammonia concentration on percent fertilization and hatching in Crassostrea ariakensis.

PubMed

Hui, Wang; Jiahui, Liu; Hongshuai, Yang; Jin, Liu; Zhigang, Liu

2014-04-01

The combined effects of temperature and ammonia concentration on the percent fertilization and percent hatching in Crassostrea ariakensis were examined under laboratory conditions using the central composite design and response surface methodology. The results indicated: (1) The linear effects of temperature and ammonia concentration on the percent fertilization were significant (P<0.05), and the quadratic effects were highly significant (P<0.01). The interactive effect between temperature and ammonia concentration on the percent fertilization was not significant (P>0.05). (2) The linear effect of temperature on the percent hatching was highly significant (P<0.01), and that of ammonia concentration was nonsignificant (P>0.05). The quadratic effects of temperature and ammonia concentration on the percent hatching were highly significant (P<0.01). The interaction on the percent hatching was not significant (P>0.05). Temperature was more important than ammonia in influencing the fertilization and hatching in C. ariakensis. (3) The model equations of the percent fertilization and hatching towards temperature and ammonia concentration were established, with the coefficients of determination R(2)=99.4% and 99.76%, respectively. Through the lack-of-fit test, these models were of great adequacy. The predictive coefficients of determination for the two model equations were as high as 94.6% and 98.03%, respectively, showing that they could be used for practical projection. (4) Via the statistical simultaneous optimization technique, the optimal factor level combination, i.e., 25°C/0.038mgmL(-1), was derived, at which the greatest percent fertilization 95.25% and hatching 83.26% was achieved, with the desirability being 97.81%. Our results may provide advantageous guidelines for the successful reproduction of C. ariakensis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinical evaluation of a composite resin system with a dentin bonding agent for restoration of permanent posterior teeth: a 3-year study.

PubMed

Roberts, M W; Folio, J; Moffa, J P; Guckes, A D

1992-03-01

This study evaluated the clinical performance of a visible light-cured small particle bimodally filled hybrid condensable composite resin system that included a dentin bonding agent compared with an amalgam alloy in class II restorations of permanent teeth. A total of 108 restorations were placed in 34 patients. Fifty-three composite resin and 55 amalgam restorations were inserted. Each restoration was evaluated immediately after placement and then on an annual basis for a 3-year period using the Public Health Service (PHS) criteria. In addition, the Moffa-Lugassy scale was used to measure the loss of material on the occlusal surface of these materials. One hundred percent of the resin and amalgam restorations were evaluated, measured, and reasons for replacement were recorded over the 3-year period. There was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in the clinical performance of the composite resin and the amalgam when evaluated by the PHS criteria. Analyses of wear at each of the three annual recall periods did not reveal any significant difference (p greater than 0.05) between the two restorative materials when measured by the Moffa-Lugassy scale.

Fifty-year impacts of the beech bark disease in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Treesearch

William B. Leak

2006-01-01

Records from the early 1950s on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire showed that the percentage of American beech trees infected with heavy beech scale and Nectria was up to the 80 to 90% range. An inventory of beech bark disease conditions in three stands in 2004 showed that an older, uneven-aged stand managed by individual tree selection for 50 years had...

One-year vestibular and balance outcomes of Oklahoma City bombing survivors.

PubMed

Van Campen, L E; Dennis, J M; King, S B; Hanlin, R C; Velderman, A M

1999-10-01

This multisite investigation assessed subjective, behavioral, and objective balance function in 30 blast survivors. Subjects with vertigo, dizziness, or imbalance were screened (n = 6) or evaluated (n = 27) during 1 year. Tests included a questionnaire, electronystagmography (ENG), and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Ninety-seven percent of subjects were located inside a building during the blast, and 63 percent of subjects experienced dysequilibrium within 48 hours. Forty-three percent of symptoms could not be attributed to head injury. Sixty percent of subjects had abnormal ENG and/or CDP; ENG abnormalities mostly were peripheral or nonlocalizing, whereas CDP patterns were "vestibular," "surface dependent," and "physiologically inconsistent." At 1-year postblast, 55 percent of initially abnormal CDP results were normal, and 72 percent of subjects said symptoms were unchanged or occurred intermittently. A serial, test battery approach is recommended to assess symptoms. Blast-related dysequilibrium had clinically significant manifestations and should be considered a valid component of aural blast injury.

First Fourteen Years of Lake Mead

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thomas, Harold E.

1954-01-01

This circular summarizes the results of recent studies of Lake Mead and its environs. Area-capacity tables, prepared on the basis of a hydrographic survey of the lake in 1948-49, show that the capacity of the reservoir was reduced 4.9 percent during the first 14 years after Hoover Dam was completed, but the usable capacity was reduced only 3.2 percent. Practically all of this reduction was caused by accumulation of sediment in the reservoir. Studies of inflow and outflow indicate that the reservoir has a total storage capacity about 12 percent greater than that shown by the area-capacity table, because of 'bank' storage, or ground-water storage in the bottom and sides of the reservoir. Thus the total capacity in 1949 was greater than the quantity shown by the original area-capacity table, even though large quantities of sediment had been deposited in the reservoir during the 14 years. According to computations of the volume and weight of the accumulated sediment, about 2,000 million tons were deposited in the reservoir by the Colorado River in 14 years; this is within 2 percent of the amount calculated from measurements of the suspended sediment carried by the in flowing rivers. It is estimated that the sediment capacity of the reservoir, when filled to the level of the permanent spillway crest, is about 75,000 million tons. The sediment contributed by the Colorado River averages about 45 percent sand and 55 percent silt and clay. If the sediment carried by the river in the years 1926-50 represents the long-term average rate of accumulation in Lake Mead, it will be a century before the sediment at the dam reaches the level of the lowest gates in the intake towers, and more than 4 centuries before the reservoir is filled with sediment to the level of the permanent spillway crest. The rate of sedimentation since the first year of Lake Mead (1935) has been about 20 percent lower, and if that rate continues in the future, the life of the reservoir will be

Fostering First-Year Students' Engagement and Well-Being through Visual Narratives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everett, Michele C.

2017-01-01

This article reports on a qualitative study that explored the learning outcomes from an innovative instructional method, visual narratives, used in a first-year seminar. Fifty-three students enrolled in a mandatory first semester student success course were instructed to use visual images to tell the story of the first-year experience. Data…

Hot press and roll welding of titanium-6-percent-aluminum-4-percent-vanadium bar and sheet with auto-vacuum cleaning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holko, K. H.

1972-01-01

Hot press butt welds were made in 0.5 in. diameter bar, and roll lap welds were made in 0.060 in. thick sheet of Ti-6A1-4V. For hot press welds made after auto-vacuum cleaning at 1800 F for 2 hours, weld strength and ductility equaled the parent metal properties. Only 5 minutes of pressing time were needed at 1800 F and 200 psi to make the hot press welds. Roll welds were made in sheet at 1750 F with only 10 percent deformation. The welds in the bar and sheet were metallurgically indistinguishable from the parent material.

Exploratory Development of Improved Fatigue Strength Adhesives

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-11-01

fiber reinforced adhesives. A fifty-fold in-j crease in fatigue life at equivalent stress levels was achieved when a woven high modulus graphite...the stress level which could survive 10’ fatigue cycles was increased from approximately 30 percent of the ultimate shear strength with nylor knit...supports to as much as fifty percent with the high modulus fiber bond line reinforcement. The stress level which could withstand 10’ fatigue cycles

50 (Fifty) Years of Research on Man in Flight

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

h td ~il lcild FlightI IR’c’urch1)71.AI . .. 0 . . . . . . Advanced Flight Research 1970&1984 0 bo a I .41~ CII1(f’(l k/i h t Iu’raru/i l~)7(~-15’.~I I...Hazel, Mrs Branch Secretary BBD BIODYNAMIC EFFECTS BRANCH Bekele, Tamara, Ms Jonopulos, Michael, 9Sgt Kazarian. Leon, Dr Branch Chief Natvig

Coral seas in fifty years: Need for local policies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longley, P.; Cheng, N. S.; Fontaine, R. M.; Horton, K.; Bhattacharya, A.

2017-12-01

Arising stressors from both global and local sources threaten coral reefs, with studies indicating that local and global sources might reduce coral resilience. Local sources include sediment stress and nutrient stress from fishing; global sources include increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidification. Through an in-depth review and re-analysis of published work, conducted under the scope of a course in the spring of 2017 semester and follow up research over the summer of 2017 and fall of 2017, students in Environmental Studies Course, ENVS 4100: Coral reefs, at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed a framework to initiate a discussion of global and local policies focused on protection of coral reefs. The research aims to assess current threats and suggest mitigation efforts. The paper uses secondary research to analyze impact of ocean acidification on aragonite saturation levels, current thermal stress, nutrient stress, and sediment factors that influence the health of coral and its surrounding ecosystem over the Common Era. Case studies in this paper include the Caribbean and Red Sea coral reefs, due to the variation of the atmosphere, temperature, and human activity in these regions. This paper intends to offer sufficient evidence that will lead to appropriate policy decisions that pertain to reef conservation.

Fifty Years of A-Level Mathematics: Have Standards Changed?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Ian; Wheadon, Chris; Humphries, Sara; Inglis, Matthew

2016-01-01

Advanced-level (A-level) mathematics is a high-profile qualification taken by many school leavers in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and around the world as preparation for university study. Concern has been expressed in these countries that standards in A-level mathematics have declined over time, and that school leavers enter university or the…

Fifty Years of Institutional Rehabilitation Outcomes: Inventory and Implications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibson, David; Fields, Donald L.

1983-01-01

Temporal variability within the record was more easily attributed to the adequacy of past accountability research and to public policy than to program effects, socioeconomic climate, or changing receiver group attitudes. (Author/SEW)

The Within-Year Concentration of Medical Care: Implications for Family Out-of-Pocket Expenditure Burdens

PubMed Central

Selden, Thomas M

2009-01-01

Objective To examine the within-year concentration of family health care and the resulting exposure of families to short periods of high expenditure burdens. Data Source Household data from the pooled 2003 and 2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) yielding nationally representative estimates for the nonelderly civilian noninstitutionalized population. Study Design The paper examines the within-year concentration of family medical care use and the frequency with which family out-of-pocket expenditures exceeded 20 percent of family income, computed at the annual, quarterly, and monthly levels. Principal Findings On average among families with medical care, 49 percent of all (charge-weighted) care occurred in a single month, and 63 percent occurred in a single quarter). Nationally, 27 percent of the study population experienced at least 1 month in which out-of-pocket expenditures exceeded 20 percent of income. Monthly 20 percent burden rates were highest among the poor, at 43 percent, and were close to or above 30 percent for all but the highest income group (families above four times the federal poverty line). Conclusions Within-year spikes in health care utilization can create financial pressures missed by conventional annual burden analyses. Within-year health-related financial pressures may be especially acute among lower-income families due to low asset holdings. PMID:19674431

Percent Grammatical Responses as a General Outcome Measure: Initial Validity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenberg, Sarita L.; Guo, Ling-Yu

2018-01-01

Purpose: This report investigated the validity of using percent grammatical responses (PGR) as a measure for assessing grammaticality. To establish construct validity, we computed the correlation of PGR with another measure of grammar skills and with an unrelated skill area. To establish concurrent validity for PGR, we computed the correlation of…

Surgical management of malignant glaucoma: a retrospective analysis of fifty eight eyes.

PubMed

Balekudaru, S; Choudhari, N S; Rewri, P; George, R; Bhende, P S; Bhende, M; Lingam, V; Lingam, G

2017-06-01

PurposeTo assess outcomes of surgical management of malignant glaucoma in terms of re-formation of anterior chamberMethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for malignant glaucoma between January 1995 and December 2013 at a tertiary care ophthalmic institute, with a minimum follow up of 2 months.ResultsFifty eight eyes of 58 patients were included. Fifty two (89.7%) patients had primary angle closure glaucoma. The majority had undergone glaucoma filtration surgery earlier (n=53, 91.4%). Lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy was performed in 15 (25.9%) eyes (Group 1). Vitrectomy and anterior chamber re-formation was performed in 27 (46.6%) eyes (Group 2). Vitrectomy-phacoemulsification-vitrectomy was performed in 16 (27.6%) eyes (Group 3). Communication between the two segments of eye through anterior hyaloid, lens capsule complex and/or iris was achieved in all groups. The median follow-up (Inter-quartile range) was 30 (71.5) months. Anterior chamber re-formation was achieved in 56 (96.5%) eyes at final visit. The improvement in mean±SD LogMAR visual acuity (1.1±1 to 0.7±0.8) and reduction in number ±SD of anti-glaucoma medications (2.1±1.1 to 1±1.6) between onset and final visit were significant (P=0.02 and <0.01, respectively). The intraocular pressure (mm Hg) at onset and at final visit was 30.7±17.4 and 14±6.2, 32.8±12.6 and 15.3±7.4, and 27.2±14 and 10.9±3 in groups 1-3, respectively (all P<0.01).ConclusionOur anatomical success rate was high. The key element in achieving this outcome was the establishment of a patent communication between the vitreous cavity and the anterior chamber.

Five-Year Course of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Predictors of Remission and Relapse

PubMed Central

Eisen, Jane L.; Sibrava, Nicholas J.; Boisseau, Christina L.; Mancebo, Maria C.; Stout, Robert L.; Pinto, Anthony; Rasmussen, Steven A.

2014-01-01

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous and disabling condition; however, no studies have examined symptom categories or subtypes as predictors of long-term clinical course in adults with primary OCD. Method A total of 213 adults with DSM-IV OCD were recruited from several mental health treatment sites between July 2001 and February 2006 as part of the Brown Longitudinal Obsessive Compulsive Study, a prospective, naturalistic study of treatment-seeking adults with primary OCD. OCD symptoms were assessed annually over the 5-year follow-up period using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation. Results Thirty-nine percent of participants experienced either a partial (22.1%) or a full (16.9%) remission. Two OCD symptom dimensions impacted remission. Participants with primary obsessions regarding overresponsibility for harm were nearly twice as likely to experience a remission (P < .05), whereas only 2 of 21 participants (9.5%) with primary hoarding achieved remission. Other predictors of increased remission were lower OCD severity (P < .0001) and shorter duration of illness (P < .0001). Fifty-nine percent of participants who remitted subsequently relapsed. Participants with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were more than twice as likely to relapse (P < .005). Participants were also particularly vulnerable to relapse if they experienced partial remission versus full remission (70% vs 45%; P < .05). Conclusions The contributions of OCD symptom categories and comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are critically important to advancing our understanding of the prognosis and ultimately the successful treatment of OCD. Longer duration of illness was also found to be a significant predictor of course, highlighting the critical importance of early detection and treatment of OCD. Furthermore, having full remission as a treatment target is an important consideration for the prevention of relapse in this disorder. PMID:23561228

Infant breast-feeding and childhood caries: a nine-year study.

PubMed

Hong, Liang; Levy, Steven M; Warren, John J; Broffitt, Barbara

2014-01-01

This study's purpose was to assess the association between infant breast-feeding and caries experience of primary second molars in a nine-year longitudinal cohort study. Study sample was 509 subjects recruited at birth. Information about breast-feeding duration and other factors was collected through parents' responses to periodic questionnaires. Primary teeth were examined for dental caries at five years old and nine years old by calibrated dentist examiners. Caries experience (yes/no) and number of decayed and/or filled surfaces (dfs) were determined for five- and nine-year-olds. For primary second molars at five years old, 18 percent of children who were breast-fed less than six months had caries (mean dfs=0.55) while only 9 percent of children who were breast-fed at least six months had caries (mean dfs=0.33). From five to nine years old, caries incidence was 32 percent and 31 percent, respectively, for children breast-fed less than six months and at least six months. In multivariable regression analyses, shorter breast-feeding duration was positively associated with caries experience of primary second molars at five years old (P=.005), both before and after controlling for other important factors. Shorter duration of breast-feeding is suggested to be associated with increased risk for early childhood caries, but its impact might diminish with age.

Infant Breast-feeding and Childhood Caries: A Nine-year Study

PubMed Central

Hong, Liang; Levy, Steven M.; Warren, John J.; Broffitt, Barbara

2017-01-01

Purpose This study’s purpose was to assess the association between infant breast-feeding and caries experience of primary second molars in a nine-year longitudinal cohort study. Methods Study sample was 509 subjects recruited at birth. Information about breast-feeding duration and other factors was collected through parents’ responses to periodic questionnaires. Primary teeth were examined for dental caries at five years old and nine years old by calibrated dentist examiners. Caries experience (yes/no) and number of decayed and/or filled surfaces (dfs) were determined for five- and nine-year-olds. Results For primary second molars at five years old, 18 percent of children who were breast-fed less than six months had caries (mean dfs=0.55) while only 9 percent of children who were breast-fed at least six months had caries (mean dfs=0.33). From five to nine years old, caries incidence was 32 percent and 31 percent, respectively, for children breast-fed less than six months and at least six months. In multivariable regression analyses, shorter breast-feeding duration was positively associated with caries experience of primary second molars at five years old (P=.005), both before and after controlling for other important factors. Conclusions Shorter duration of breast-feeding is suggested to be associated with increased risk for early childhood caries, but its impact might diminish with age. PMID:25198001

[Acceptance of the vaccine against human papilloma virus from mothers to daughters aged 9 to 13 years old].

PubMed

Godoy Verdugo, Melissa Karina; Zonana Nacach, Abraham; Anzaldo Campos, Maria Cecilia

2013-11-01

If you consider that at some point in life 50% of sexually active women have had an infection with the human papilloma virus is indisputable that any attempt to reduce the prevalence worth undertaking it. The vaccine to prevent HIV infection has not enjoyed the same degree of acceptance than others, hence the interest in knowing some of the reasons that has not achieved universal vaccination. To examine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptability among mothers with adolescents girls between 9 and 13 years old. The mothers were interrogated about HVP vaccine acceptability, reasons provided for acceptance or non-acceptance and if mothers know that vaccine is offered free for public health institutions We interview a 250 mothers with 281 daughters, 38 daughters have already received the vaccine. Eighty nine percent of the mothers reacted positively to the possibility of vaccinating theirs daughters. The reasons of vaccine non-acceptance were because not knowing enough about infection, mother felt that their daughters were not at risk for acquiring HVP infection, the vaccine is new and mothers unknown side effects. Thirty nine percent of the mothers want to know more about the vaccine safety, 21% about length protection duration and 16% concerning about if the vaccine is effective. Fifty seven per cent of the mothers know that Health Secretary offers vaccine free. Mothers whom have been vaccinated their daughters, had daughters with lower age (9.8 +/- 0.9 vs 10.8 +/- 1.3 years, p = 0.0001), were more frequently married (79 vs 51%, p = 0.002) and more likely to report that they had heard about VPH vaccine from some source (100 vs 66%, p = 0.0001) that mothers have not yet vaccinated their daughters. The acceptability of VPH vaccine was 89%. Continued health education and propaganda is needed to promote a better knowledge of VPH vaccine.

Factors influencing surgical career choices and advancement in Ireland and Britain.

PubMed

Corrigan, Mark A; Shields, Conor J; Redmond, Henry P

2007-10-01

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the advancement and the career choices of doctors and medical students. Using the combined databases of the iformix and surgent websites, 450 doctors and medical students were invited to complete an internet-based survey. Surgent (http://www.surgent.ie) and iformix (http://www.iformix.com) are two free internet services administered by the authors. Surgent is a medical educational website, while iformix facilitates the online submission of abstracts to surgical and medical conferences across Britain and Ireland. The combined database of these two websites is approximately 4500 entries. Four hundred and fifty users represented a 10% sample based on an expected 40%-45% response rate. This was anticipated to yield between 180 and 202 respondents, statistically sufficient to analyze the data. A detailed Likert scale assessed the importance of "academic," "clinical," and "lifestyle" factors in determining career choice and progression. Analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential testing. Fifty percent (N = 222) of surveys were returned; 142 men and 78 women. Thirty-seven percent of respondents were Irish, 28% British, and 35% non-European. Fifteen percent were undergraduates, 4% interns, 12% had 2-4 years of clinical experience, while 69% had completed more than 4 years. Fifty-six percent had decided upon a career in general surgery. Overall, the most important factors for career choice were intellectual challenge (95%), academic opportunities (61%), and research opportunities(54%). Doctors with more than 4 years of experience deemed duration of training (p = 0.002), lifestyle during training (p = 0.02), and stress (0.005) as less important factors when considering career choice. Correlation analyses demonstrated that prestige (p = 0.002), patient relationships (p = 0.006), and advice from friends or family (p = 0.01) were more important influencing factors for interns. In terms of career

Evaluating Equating Results: Percent Relative Error for Chained Kernel Equating

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yanlin; von Davier, Alina A.; Chen, Haiwen

2012-01-01

This article presents a method for evaluating equating results. Within the kernel equating framework, the percent relative error (PRE) for chained equipercentile equating was computed under the nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) design. The method was applied to two data sets to obtain the PRE, which can be used to measure equating…

Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi (1925-2017): over fifty years of embryological research in Israel.

PubMed

Khaner, Oded

2017-01-01

Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi was a creative and innovative pioneering scientist in the creation of the field of early chick embryo development. She had a sharp thinking and enthusiastic attitude, which enabled her to make a deep impression that was highly valued by the general scientific community. Notably, she was a highly successful female researcher in an era which was dominated by male scientists. Her unique personality and keen intellect enabled her to break these borders in a most successful manner. The experiments conducted by her personally, her students and her collaborators served to provide the basic knowledge and paradigms for future scientists in the field, also paving the way for discoveries in other vertebrate model systems. The experimental embryology assays she performed were "old school", examining embryos and explants at a precise morphological level of tissue interactions. In recent years, most of the experimentation in embryology has shifted to molecular and genetic levels. However, the results obtained with these technologically advanced research tools still re-confirm the fundamental findings obtained by Eyal-Giladi using "classic" experimental embryology techniques. Finally, Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi was an outstanding teacher and lecturer. For five decades, she trained and taught generations of undergraduate and graduate students in Israel, exposing them to the field of embryology and developmental biology in the most exciting and enthusiastic way.

31 CFR 363.131 - What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.131 What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A TreasuryDirect...

31 CFR 363.131 - What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.131 What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A TreasuryDirect...

31 CFR 363.131 - What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.131 What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A TreasuryDirect...

31 CFR 363.131 - What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.131 What is a TreasuryDirect ® zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A TreasuryDirect...

Watershed response and recovery from the Will Fire: ten years of observations

Treesearch

Kenneth B. Roby

1989-01-01

Watershed response and recovery from a wildfire which burned 95 percent of the Williams Creek watershed in 1979 were monitored. Ground cover reduced to 11 percent by the fire increased to 80 percent by 1983. Grasses seeded for erosion control provided less than 10 percent cover until 3 years following the fire, and no significant difference in ground cover was found...

National Health Expenditure Projections, 2016-25: Price Increases, Aging Push Sector To 20 Percent Of Economy.

PubMed

Keehan, Sean P; Stone, Devin A; Poisal, John A; Cuckler, Gigi A; Sisko, Andrea M; Smith, Sheila D; Madison, Andrew J; Wolfe, Christian J; Lizonitz, Joseph M

2017-03-01

Under current law, national health expenditures are projected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.6 percent for 2016-25 and represent 19.9 percent of gross domestic product by 2025. For 2016, national health expenditure growth is anticipated to have slowed 1.1 percentage points to 4.8 percent, as a result of slower Medicaid and prescription drug spending growth. For the rest of the projection period, faster projected growth in medical prices is partly offset by slower projected growth in the use and intensity of medical goods and services, relative to that observed in 2014-16 associated with the Affordable Care Act coverage expansions. The insured share of the population is projected to increase from 90.9 percent in 2015 to 91.5 percent by 2025. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

The International Heliophysical Year

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Barbara J.

2007-01-01

In 1957 a program of international research, inspired by the International Polar Years of 1882 and 1932, was organized as the International Geophysical Year (IGY) to study global phenomena of the Earth and geospace. Fifty years later, the world s space science community will again come together for international programs of scientific collaboration: the International Heliophysical Year (IHY), the Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY), and the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007. This time, research will extend out into the Heliosphere to focus on solar-terrestrial-planetary interactions. The ambitious plans for the IHY, eGY and IPY incorporate the activities of scientists in 191 nations, as well as the IGY Gold Historical Preservation initiative, plus a series of coordinated campaigns involving more than 100 instruments and models, education and public outreach programs, a developing nations instrument development program, and opportunities for supported research worldwide. The presentation will focus on the efforts and operations which will make these activities possible.

Tensile and fatigue data for irradiated and unirradiated AISI 310 stainless steel and titanium - 5 percent aluminum - 2.5 percent tin: Application of the method of universal slopes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Debogdan, C. E.

1973-01-01

Irradiated and unirradiated tensile and fatigue specimens of AISI 310 stainless steel and Ti-5Al-2.5Sn were tested in the range of 100 to 10,000 cycles to failure to determine the applicability of the method of universal slopes to irradiated materials. Tensile data for both materials showed a decrease in ductility and increase in ultimate tensile strength due to irradiation. Irradiation caused a maximum change in fatigue life of only 15 to 20 percent for both materials. The method of universal slopes predicted all the fatigue data for the 310 SS (irradiated as well as unirradiated) within a life factor of 2. For the titanium alloy, 95 percent of the data was predicted within a life factor of 3.

Assessment of 2001 NLCD percent tree and impervious cover estimates

Treesearch

Eric Greenfield; David J. Nowak; Jeffrey T. Walton

2009-01-01

The 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) tree and impervious cover maps provide an opportunity to extract basic land-cover information helpful for natural resource assessments. To determine the potential utility and limitations of the 2001 NLCD data, this exploratory study compared 2001 NLCD-derived values of overall percent tree and impervious cover within...

Fifty years of phenylketonuria newborn screening - A great success for many, but what about the rest?

PubMed

Groselj, Urh; Tansek, Mojca Zerjav; Battelino, Tadej

2014-01-01

Guthrie's landmark discovery and the subsequent implementation of the first newborn screening programs for phenylketonuria (PKU) and other inherited errors of metabolism (IEM) could be - in a 50 year retrospective - easily considered among the greatest advances in medicine. They have not just improved the quality of hundreds of thousands of lives, but also transformed our understanding and approach to PKU and IEM in general. However, according to the available albeit very scarce data, many countries and regions seem not to share the benefits of the last 50 years of development. Many of them have not yet introduced the newborn screening for PKU or face significant problems in its implementation. In addition, the issue seems to be underrated by the relevant professional forums. Action to improve the current situation should urgently be taken. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Interview with Joe McMann: Lessons Learned from Fifty Years of Observing Hardware and Human Behavior

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McMann, Joe

2011-01-01

Pica Kahn conducted "An Interview with Joe McMann: Lessons Learned in Human and Hardware Behavior" on August 16, 2011. With more than 40 years of experience in the aerospace industry, McMann has gained a wealth of knowledge. This presentation focused on lessons learned in human and hardware behavior. During his many years in the industry, McMann observed that the hardware development process was intertwined with human influences, which impacted the outcome of the product.

7 CFR 205.303 - Packaged products labeled “100 percent organic” or “organic.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Information § 205.303 Packaged products labeled “100 percent organic” or “organic.” (a) Agricultural products... product, the following: (1) The term, “100 percent organic” or “organic,” as applicable, to modify the name of the product; (2) For products labeled “organic,” the percentage of organic ingredients in the...

Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis in Patients Less Than Fifty-Five Years of Age: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Aujla, Randeep S; Esler, Colin N

2017-08-01

The proportion of younger patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing and predictions state that the <55 age group will be the fastest growing group by 2030. We aim to collate data across studies to assess functional outcomes following TKA in patients <55 years of age using a systematic review. The search identified 980 studies for title and abstract review. Forty-three full texts were then assessed. Thirteen studies underwent quality assessment and data extraction. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed throughout. Outcomes extracted included pre-operative and post-operative functional scores, range of motion, and patient satisfaction. Clinical complications and survival were also recorded. Across 13 studies we were able to demonstrate 54-point improvement in clinical Knee Society Score and a 46-point improvement on functional Knee Society Score. A 2.9° improvement in range of motion was found at final follow-up. Satisfaction rate was 85.5%. Cumulative percentage all-cause revision rate was 5.4% across 1283 TKAs at a mean 10.8 years of follow-up. Ten-year survival, for aseptic loosening alone, was 98.2%. TKA is an excellent treatment option for the young osteoarthritic knee with a >50% improvement in functional knee scores. Satisfaction is high and the revision rate remains 0.5% per year. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Greater short-term weight loss in women 20-45 versus 55-65 years of age following bariatric surgery.

PubMed

Ochner, Christopher N; Teixeira, Julio; Geary, Nori; Asarian, Lori

2013-10-01

Whether and how sex and age affect bariatric-surgery outcome is poorly understood. Estrogens regulate body composition in women and animals, and increase weight loss in a rodent model of gastric bypass, suggesting that premenopausal women may lose more weight following bariatric surgery. One thousand three hundred fifty-six female gastric-bypass or gastric-banding patients were retrospectively grouped as 20-45 years old (presumptively premenopausal; n = 1,199) and 55-65 years old (presumptively postmenopausal; n = 157). Mixed-model ANCOVA followed by Bonferroni-corrected t tests were used to categorically test the effect of age on percent excess body weight loss (%EBWL) at 1 and 2 years post-surgery, controlling for preoperative EBW and surgery type. Age effects were also tested dimensionally in all women and in 289 male patients. Twenty- to forty-five-year-old women showed greater %EBWL 1 and 2 years post-surgery than 55-65-year-old women (p's < 0.0005). No age effect was detected in 20-25- vs. 30-35-, 30-35- vs. 40-45-, or 20-25- vs. 40-45-year-old women (p's > 0.2) This age effect was detected only after gastric banding, with 20-45-year-old women losing ∼7 kg more than 55-65-year-old women after 2 years. Dimensional analysis confirmed a significant inverse effect of age on bariatric surgery outcome in women, but did not detect any effect in men. Results indicate that 55-65-year-old women lose less weight than 20-45-year-old women in the initial 2 years after bariatric surgery, especially gastric banding; this may be mediated by age- or menopause-associated changes in physical activity, energy expenditure, or energy intake.

Perception and personal protective measures toward mosquito bites by communities in Jaffna District, northern Sri Lanka.

PubMed

Surendran, S N; Kajatheepan, A

2007-06-01

Mosquito-borne diseases are of public health importance in war-torn northern Sri Lanka. The severity of mosquito bites and attitudes of the public toward mosquito problems were investigated using a structured questionnaire among communities in 3 administrative divisions in Jaffna District. One hundred fifty-four households were interviewed during this study. Sixty-four percent of the respondents reported that the mosquito problem was severe in their localities. Fifty-two percent stated that mosquito-biting activity was severe in the evening (1500 h-1900 h), 41% at night (after 1900 h), and 7% throughout the day. Severity of mosquito menace was found to have no association with type of house construction. Seventy-seven percent were able to name at least 1 disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Statistical analysis showed no association between education level and public awareness on mosquito-borne diseases. Nearly 88% were able to identify at least a breeding source of mosquitoes and most of them practice measures to eliminate suitable environments for mosquito breeding. Ninety-six percent used personal protective measures against mosquito bites during some seasons or throughout the year. Mosquito coils were the most commonly used personal protective method followed by bed nets. The monthly expenditure for personal protective measures varied from US$0.19 (LKR 20) to US$3.40 (LKR 350).

Bilateral Facial Paralysis: A 13-Year Experience.

PubMed

Gaudin, Robert A; Jowett, Nathan; Banks, Caroline A; Knox, Christopher J; Hadlock, Tessa A

2016-10-01

Bilateral facial palsy is a rare clinical entity caused by myriad disparate conditions requiring different treatment paradigms. Lyme disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and leukemia are several examples. In this article, the authors describe the cause, the initial diagnostic approach, and the management of long-term sequelae of bilateral paralysis that has evolved in the authors' center over the past 13 years. A chart review was performed to identify all patients diagnosed with bilateral paralysis at the authors' center between January of 2002 and January of 2015. Demographics, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, initial medical treatment, interventions for facial reanimation, and outcomes were reviewed. Of the 2471 patients seen at the authors' center, 68 patients (3 percent) with bilateral facial paralysis were identified. Ten patients (15 percent) presented with bilateral facial paralysis caused by Lyme disease, nine (13 percent) with Möbius syndrome, nine (13 percent) with neurofibromatosis type 2, five (7 percent) with bilateral facial palsy caused by brain tumor, four (6 percent) with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, three (4 percent) with bilateral temporal bone fractures, two (3 percent) with Guillain-Barré syndrome, one (2 percent) with central nervous system lymphoma, one (2 percent) with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and 24 (35 percent) with presumed Bell palsy. Treatment included pharmacologic therapy, physical therapy, chemodenervation, and surgical interventions. Bilateral facial palsy is a rare medical condition, and treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach. The authors outline diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of a tertiary care center to provide clinicians with a systematic approach to managing these complicated patients.

Ocular injuries from fireworks: the 11-year experience of a US level I trauma center.

PubMed

Chang, I T; Prendes, M A; Tarbet, K J; Amadi, A J; Chang, S-H; Shaftel, S S

2016-10-01

PurposeCharacterize ocular trauma and visual outcomes from firework injuries at a level I trauma center.MethodsRetrospective review of all firework injuries at Harborview Medical Center between 2003 and 2013.ResultsThree hundred and twenty-seven patients sustained firework injuries, of which 100 (31%) sustained ocular injuries. The average age of all patients who sustained fireworks injuries was 24.2 years, 89% were male and 54% of injuries occurred within 48 h of 4 July. Ocular injuries were most commonly caused by mortars (24%) and rockets (22%). Rockets were associated with four times the frequency of ocular injuries as compared with non-ocular injuries (P<0.001). Spectators were more likely to sustain ocular injuries than non-ocular injuries (P=0.001). The most common injuries sustained were corneal abrasions (67%), hyphemas (42%), eyelid injuries (39%), and ruptured globes (17%). Twenty-eight percent of patients with ocular injuries required surgical intervention. Ruptured globes occurred in 17% of patients, with the majority being complex corneoscleral lacerations. Fifty-eight percent of patients who sustained ruptured globes were left with no light perception in the affected eye. Average follow-up was 188 days. Average visual acuity significantly improved from logMAR 1.8±1.6 at presentation to logMAR 1.3±1.8 at last follow-up.ConclusionsFirework-related ocular trauma frequently results in vision-threatening pathology. Prompt referral to and treatment by ophthalmologists is critical. This study documents the dangers inherent in the personal use of fireworks and provides data that may help guide public policy to decrease the frequency of these devastating injuries.

Ocular injuries from fireworks: the 11-year experience of a US level I trauma center

PubMed Central

Chang, I T; Prendes, M A; Tarbet, K J; Amadi, A J; Chang, S-H; Shaftel, S S

2016-01-01

Purpose Characterize ocular trauma and visual outcomes from firework injuries at a level I trauma center. Methods Retrospective review of all firework injuries at Harborview Medical Center between 2003 and 2013. Results Three hundred and twenty-seven patients sustained firework injuries, of which 100 (31%) sustained ocular injuries. The average age of all patients who sustained fireworks injuries was 24.2 years, 89% were male and 54% of injuries occurred within 48 h of 4 July. Ocular injuries were most commonly caused by mortars (24%) and rockets (22%). Rockets were associated with four times the frequency of ocular injuries as compared with non-ocular injuries (P<0.001). Spectators were more likely to sustain ocular injuries than non-ocular injuries (P=0.001). The most common injuries sustained were corneal abrasions (67%), hyphemas (42%), eyelid injuries (39%), and ruptured globes (17%). Twenty-eight percent of patients with ocular injuries required surgical intervention. Ruptured globes occurred in 17% of patients, with the majority being complex corneoscleral lacerations. Fifty-eight percent of patients who sustained ruptured globes were left with no light perception in the affected eye. Average follow-up was 188 days. Average visual acuity significantly improved from logMAR 1.8±1.6 at presentation to logMAR 1.3±1.8 at last follow-up. Conclusions Firework-related ocular trauma frequently results in vision-threatening pathology. Prompt referral to and treatment by ophthalmologists is critical. This study documents the dangers inherent in the personal use of fireworks and provides data that may help guide public policy to decrease the frequency of these devastating injuries. PMID:27285323

Epidemiological characteristics of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR): Results of a case series of fifty patients from Bangladesh.

PubMed

Karim, Anwarul; Akter, Mastura; Aziz, Tasmiah T; Hoque, Mozammel; Chowdhury, Tanvir K; Imam, Md Sharif; Walid, Adnan; Kabir, Mahfuzul; So, Manting; Lam, Wai Yee; Tang, Clara Sm; Wong, Kenneth K; Tam, Paul K; Garcia-Barcelo, Merce; Banu, Tahmina

2018-01-31

The epidemiology of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) in Bangladesh has never been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of HSCR in Bangladesh. Data from fifty patients were collected prospectively from two hospitals in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The rate of consanguinity (16%) among parents of HSCR patients was higher than that of the general population (10%). Maternal age at the time of birth of the affected child was ≤30years in all cases except one. No association was found between parents' occupation and HSCR. No patient was born preterm and only three patients (6%) had low birth weight. Nine patients (18%) had associated anomalies. We found coexistence of bilateral accessory tragi and ankyloglossia in one patient, and coexistence of rectal duplication cyst in another. Neither anomaly had been previously reported in HSCR patients. Our study suggests that consanguinity might increase the risk of HSCR whereas advanced maternal age does not. HSCR patients were found more likely to born at term and with normal birth weight. The coexistence of HSCR with previously unreported anomalies highlights the diversity of conditions that can co-occur with HSCR. IV. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Direct medical costs for partial refractory epilepsy in Mexico.

PubMed

García-Contreras, Fernando; Constantino-Casas, Patricia; Castro-Ríos, Angélica; Nevárez-Sida, Armando; Estrada Correa, Gloria del Carmen; Carlos Rivera, Fernando; Guzmán-Caniupan, Jorge; Torres-Arreola, Laura del Pilar; Contreras-Hernández, Iris; Mould-Quevedo, Joaquin; Garduño-Espinosa, Juan

2006-04-01

The aim was to determine the direct medical costs in patients with partial refractory epilepsy at the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) in Mexico. We carried out a multicenter, retrospective-cohort partial-economic evaluation study of partial refractory epilepsy (PRE) diagnosed patients and analyzed patient files from four secondary- and tertiary-level hospitals. PRE patients >12 years of age with two or more antiepileptic drugs and follow-up for at least 1 year were included. The perspective was institutional (IMSS). Only direct healthcare costs were considered, and the timeline was 1 year. Cost techniques were microcosting, average per-service cost, and per-day cost, all costs expressed in U.S. dollars (USD, 2004). We reviewed 813 files of PRE patients: 133 had a correct diagnosis, and only 72 met study inclusion criteria. Fifty eight percent were females, 64% were <35 years of age, 47% were students, in 73% maximum academic level achieved was high school, and 53% were single. Fifty one percent of cases experienced simple partial seizures and 94% had more than one monthly seizure. Annual healthcare cost of the 72 patients was 190,486 USD, ambulatory healthcare contributing 76% and hospital healthcare with 24%. Annual mean healthcare cost per PRE patient was 2,646 USD; time of disease evolution and severity of the patient's illness did not affect costs significantly.

13 CFR 107.1410 - Requirement to redeem 4 percent Preferred Securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to redeem 4 percent Preferred Securities. 107.1410 Section 107.1410 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES SBA Financial Assistance for Licensees (Leverage) Preferred...

13 CFR 107.1420 - Articles requirements for 4 percent Preferred Securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Articles requirements for 4 percent Preferred Securities. 107.1420 Section 107.1420 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES SBA Financial Assistance for Licensees (Leverage) Preferred...

Sap volume flow as influenced by tubing diameter and slope percent

Treesearch

H. Clay Smith

1971-01-01

The amount of sugar maple sap that can move through plastic tubing is controlled by several factors. The most important are tubing diameter and slope percent. Estimates are given of the number of tapholes that can be used with combinations of these variables.

Male victims of sexual assault; 10 years' experience from a Danish Assault Center.

PubMed

Larsen, Mie-Louise; Hilden, Malene

2016-10-01

This study aims to provide descriptive data regarding male victims of sexual assault seen at the Centre for Victims of Sexual Assault in Copenhagen, Denmark. All 55 male victims attending the center in the time period of March 2001 until December 2010 underwent a standardized data collection. Data included information on the victim and the sexual assault. Male victims accounted for less than 2% of the total number of visits to the center in this time period. Fifty three percent were between 15 and 24 years. In all cases the perpetrator was male, and 25% were assaulted by more than one perpetrator. Of the 62% of male victims who gave information on sexual orientation, 36% reported themselves as heterosexuals. A total of 45.5% had an alcohol intake of more than 5 units in the hours before the assault. Forty two percent reported the assault to the police. The male victims differed from female victims in several ways; they were more often assaulted by a stranger; more likely to be assaulted by more than one perpetrator; more likely being victim of drug rape; less likely to have experienced previous sexual abuse and less willing to report their assault to the police. Being victim of a sexual assault by another man is considered a taboo subject and it is likely that the dark figure of men exposed to sexual assault is much higher than it is for women. Strengthening our knowledge regarding male victims of sexual assault is necessary to improve both primary and secondary preventive measures in order to make male victims feel safe in coming forward. Male victims should have equal access to both medical and psychological help as female victims. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

31 CFR 363.143 - How do I purchase a security using the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.143 Section 363.143 Money... Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.143 How do I purchase a security using the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You may...

Fifty years of immunisation in Australia (1964-2014): the increasing opportunity to prevent diseases.

PubMed

Royle, Jenny; Lambert, Stephen B

2015-01-01

Medicine has seen dramatic changes in the last 50 years, and vaccinology is no different. Australia has made a significant contribution to world knowledge on vaccine-preventable diseases. Certain deadly diseases have disappeared or become rare in Australia following successful introduction of vaccines. As diseases become rarer, public knowledge about the diseases and their serious consequences has decreased, and concerns about potential vaccine side effects have increased. To maintain confidence in immunisations, sharing of detailed information about the vaccines and the diseases we are trying to prevent is integral to the continued success of our public health programme. Modern quality immunisation programmes need to communicate complex information to immunisation providers and also to the general community. Improving immunisation coverage rates and eliminating the gap in coverage and timeliness between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous people has become a high priority. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health © 2015 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

A clinical evaluation of a giomer restorative system containing surface prereacted glass ionomer filler: results from a 13-year recall examination.

PubMed

Gordan, Valeria V; Blaser, Paul K; Watson, Ronald E; Mjör, Ivar A; McEdward, Deborah L; Sensi, Luis G; Riley, Joseph L

2014-10-01

The authors' objective was to evaluate the long-term performance of a resin-based composite restorative material (Beautifil, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) in combination with a self-etching primer (FL-Bond, Shofu) for posterior restorations. Two clinicians placed 61 restorations, 26 Class I and 35 Class II, in 31 patients. They placed restorations while using rubber dam isolation. Two other clinicians examined the restorations according to the modified U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, observing color match, marginal adaptation, anatomy, surface roughness, marginal staining, interfacial staining, proximal and occlusal contacts, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity and luster. Clinicians examined restorations at baseline as well as at one-, two-, four-, eight- and 13-year recall visits. All restorations were examined at one year, 58 (95 percent) at two years, 39 (64 percent) at four years and 41 (67 percent) at eight years; at the 13-year recall examination, 41 (67 percent) either were examined or had a known outcome. Of the 41 restorations seen at the 13-year examination, 25 restorations (14 Class I and 11 Class II) were intact and acceptable, two had secondary caries and 14 either were not present or had failed (two were missing, 10 had received crowns and two had been replaced). No changes were observed in the modified USPHS criteria for 12 of the 25 restorations that were intact (48 percent). Areas of change observed in 13 of the 25 intact restorations included color match (12 percent), marginal adaptation at the occlusal (20 percent) and proximal surfaces (4 percent), marginal staining on occlusal (24 percent) and proximal surfaces (8 percent), and interfacial staining on occlusal (4 percent) and proximal surfaces (12 percent). The study results showed that most of the restorations observed at the 13-year recall examination maintained acceptable clinical qualities. Beautifil restorative material demonstrated long-term successful results for restoration

200 Years of Vocational Education, 1776-1976; The Awakening, 1776-1826

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barlow, Melvin L.

1976-01-01

Vocational education in the first fifty years of independence (1776-1826) was not perceived as a basic necessity in the education and training of the people. Rather, the focus was on expanding education and bringing it to the youth. (EC)

A retrospective audit of the extent and nature of domestic violence cases identified over a three year period in the two district command units of the police service of Northern Ireland.

PubMed

Stevenson, T R; Goodall, E A; Moore, C B T

2008-10-01

The work load of forensic medical officers (FMOs) who provide medical cover for the Coleraine and Limavady district command units (DCU) of the police service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) in dealing with domestic violence was investigated over a three year period from 1st April 2003 to 31st March 2006. A total of 128 cases involving domestic violence were identified during this three year period. There was a significant increase from 4% (32/791) in the first year to 6.6% (56/851, p<0.01) in the number of cases of identified domestic violence in the second year which dropped to 4.2% (40/956) in the third year. Victims were identified in 38% of these domestic violence cases with 62% being identified as assailants. It was noted that there was a significant difference in the proportion of male assailants (96.2%) from female assailants (3.8%). Fifty-four percent of victims were noted to have injuries in accordance with the more serious injury categories of assault of actual bodily harm (AOABH) and grievous bodily harm (GBH). Domestic incidents occurred at the home in 91% of cases, with the FMO being the primary contact in 97% of cases. Alcohol was implicated in 56% of all domestic violence cases recorded.

Safety Is 99 Percent Attitude: Strategies to Contain Workers' Compensation Costs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parnell, Janet

1993-01-01

The University of Denver (Colorado) reduced workers' compensation losses 97 percent in 1990-91 by developing a master safety plan, sponsoring safety training, managing medical costs, providing modified duty for injured employees, screening applicants, orienting new employees, investigating claims thoroughly, performing life-safety audits, and…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 18 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 18 Years, 2015. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Granja, Maribel R.; Koball, Heather

2017-01-01

Among all children under 18 years in the U.S., 43 percent live in low-income families and 21 percent--approximately one in five--lives in a poor family. This means that children are overrepresented among our nation's poor; they represent 23 percent of the population but comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 3 Years, 2015. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Granja, Maribel R.; Koball, Heather

2017-01-01

Among all children under 18 years in the U.S., 43 percent live in low-income families and 21 percent--approximately one in five--lives in a poor family. This means that children are overrepresented among our nation's poor; they represent 23 percent of the population but comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 6 Years, 2015. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Granja, Maribel R.; Koball, Heather

2017-01-01

Among all children under 18 years in the U.S., 43 percent live in low-income families and 21 percent--approximately one in five--lives in a poor family. This means that children are overrepresented among our nation's poor; they represent 23 percent of the population but comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in…

Predictive Factors of Mortality in Burn Patients

PubMed Central

Fazeli, Shahram; Karami-Matin, Reza; Kakaei, Neda; Pourghorban, Samira; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safari-Faramani, Bahare

2014-01-01

Background: Burn injuries impose a considerable burden on healthcare systems in Iran. It is among the top ten causes of mortality and a main cause of disability. Objectives: This study aimed to examine factors influencing mortality in burn patients admitted to the main educational tertiary referral hospital in Kermanshah. Patients and Methods: All patients admitted to the Imam Khomeini Hospital (from March 2011 to March 2012), due to thermal burn injuries were included in the study. We applied multiple logistic regressions to identify risk and protective factors of mortality. Also we calculated lethal area fifty percent (LA50), as an aggregate index for hospital quality. Results: During the study period, 540 burn patients were admitted. Male to female ratio was 1.12:1. Twenty three percent of the patients were less than 15 years-old. Median of age was 25 years (Inter Quartile Range, 16 - 37). Overall, probability of death was 25.8%. Lethal area fifty percent (LA50) was 50.82 (CI 95%: 47.76 - 54.48). In the final model, after adjustment of sex, age, total body surface area (TBSA), cause of burn and it’s severity, female gender (P < 0.05), age ≥ 60 years (in comparison with age less than 15 years, P < 0.05) and larger burn size (P < 0.0001) were identified as the main risk factors of death in these patients. Conclusions: Findings showed that the main risk factors of death were female gender, burn size and old age. Directing more attention to these vulnerable patients is required to reduce mortality and improve patient survival. PMID:24719826

Smoking habits and smoking cessation among North Carolina nurses.

PubMed

Swenson, I E

1989-01-01

A 1987 questionnaire survey of a 1% random sample (n = 356) of registered nurses in North Carolina provided data on the smoking habits and smoking cessation. Fifty-six percent were never smokers; 19% were current smokers. Among the ever smokers, 31% had quit smoking for at least one year. Twenty-two percent of the former smokers had smoked less than 5 years and 39% less than 10 years before quitting. Anecdotal notes from never smokers suggested that their major deterrent to smoking was their own parents smoking. Concerns about the addictive smoking behavior and health effects of smoking observed in their parents as well as concerns about potential health risks to themselves deterred them from smoking. Concerns about the adverse consequences of smoking was the most influential factor influencing smoking cessation and reduction of cigarette smoking. Friends' and family's encouragement to stop smoking was the most influential external factor motivating nurses to quit or reduce cigarette consumption. Fifty-seven percent of the former smokers quit smoking after one or two attempts while 53 of the current smokers had tried to quit 3 or more times - 90% had tried at least once to quit smoking; however, only 18% of the current smokers had abstained for more than one year during any of their attempts to quit. Implications of the results include: (1) smoking cessation programs for nurses in the workplace may have considerable impact since the majority of nurses who smoke are tying to quit; (2) relapse prevention strategies need to be an integral part of such smoking cessation programs including involvement of family and friends to support the smokers in their cessation efforts.

Fifty years with the Hamilton scales for anxiety and depression. A tribute to Max Hamilton.

PubMed

Bech, P

2009-01-01

From the moment Max Hamilton started his psychiatric education, he considered psychometrics to be a scientific discipline on a par with biochemistry or pharmacology in clinical research. His clinimetric skills were in operation in the 1950s when randomised clinical trials were established as the method for the evaluation of the clinical effects of psychotropic drugs. Inspired by Eysenck, Hamilton took the long route around factor analysis in order to qualify his scales for anxiety (HAM-A) and depression (HAM-D) as scientific tools. From the moment when, 50 years ago, Hamilton published his first placebo-controlled trial with an experimental anti-anxiety drug, he realized the dialectic problem in using the total score on HAM-A as a sufficient statistic for the measurement of outcome. This dialectic problem has been investigated for more than 50 years with different types of factor analyses without success. Using modern psychometric methods, the solution to this problem is a simple matter of reallocating the Hamilton scale items according to the scientific hypothesis under examination. Hamilton's original intention, to measure the global burden of the symptoms experienced by the patients with affective disorders, is in agreement with the DSM-IV and ICD-10 classification systems. Scale reliability and obtainment of valid information from patients and their relatives were the most important clinimetric innovations to be developed by Hamilton. Max Hamilton therefore belongs to the very exclusive family of eminent physicians celebrated by this journal with a tribute. 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Awake craniotomy to maximize glioma resection: methods and technical nuances over a 27-year period.

PubMed

Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L; Li, Jing; Lau, Darryl; Molinaro, Annette M; Perry, David W; Meng, Lingzhong; Berger, Mitchel S

2015-08-01

Awake craniotomy is currently a useful surgical approach to help identify and preserve functional areas during cortical and subcortical tumor resections. Methodologies have evolved over time to maximize patient safety and minimize morbidity using this technique. The goal of this study is to analyze a single surgeon's experience and the evolving methodology of awake language and sensorimotor mapping for glioma surgery. The authors retrospectively studied patients undergoing awake brain tumor surgery between 1986 and 2014. Operations for the initial 248 patients (1986-1997) were completed at the University of Washington, and the subsequent surgeries in 611 patients (1997-2014) were completed at the University of California, San Francisco. Perioperative risk factors and complications were assessed using the latter 611 cases. The median patient age was 42 years (range 13-84 years). Sixty percent of patients had Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores of 90-100, and 40% had KPS scores less than 80. Fifty-five percent of patients underwent surgery for high-grade gliomas, 42% for low-grade gliomas, 1% for metastatic lesions, and 2% for other lesions (cortical dysplasia, encephalitis, necrosis, abscess, and hemangioma). The majority of patients were in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 1 or 2 (mild systemic disease); however, patients with severe systemic disease were not excluded from awake brain tumor surgery and represented 15% of study participants. Laryngeal mask airway was used in 8 patients (1%) and was most commonly used for large vascular tumors with more than 2 cm of mass effect. The most common sedation regimen was propofol plus remifentanil (54%); however, 42% of patients required an adjustment to the initial sedation regimen before skin incision due to patient intolerance. Mannitol was used in 54% of cases. Twelve percent of patients were active smokers at the time of surgery, which did not impact completion of the intraoperative mapping

45 CFR 284.21 - What will we do if the State's child poverty rate increased five percent or more over the two...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What will we do if the State's child poverty rate... IN A STATE OR TERRITORY'S CHILD POVERTY RATE IS THE RESULT OF THE TANF PROGRAM § 284.21 What will we do if the State's child poverty rate increased five percent or more over the two-year period? (a) If...

Evaluation of EA-934NA with 2.5 percent Cab-O-Sil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caldwell, Gordon A.

1990-01-01

Currently, Hysol adhesive EA-934NA is used to bond the Field Joint Protection System on the Shuttle rocket motors at Kennedy Space Center. However, due to processing problems, an adhesive with a higher viscosity is needed to alleviate these difficulties. One possible solution is to add Cab-O-Sil to the current adhesive. The adhesive strength and bond strengths that can be obtained when 2.5 percent Cab-O-Sil is added to adhesive EA-934NA are examined and tested over a range of test temperatures from -20 to 300 F. Tensile adhesion button and lap shear specimens were bonded to D6AC steel and uniaxial tensile specimens (testing for strength, initial tangent modulus, elongation and Poisson's ratio) were prepared using Hysol adhesive EA-934NA with 2.5 percent Cab-O-Sil added. These specimens were tested at -20, 20, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, and 300 F, respectively. Additional tensile adhesion button specimens bonding Rust-Oleum primed and painted D6AC steel to itself and to cork using adhesive EA-934NA with 2.5 percent Cab-O-Sil added were tested at 20, 75, 125, 200, and 300 F, respectively. Results generally show decreasing strength values with increasing test temperatures. The bond strengths obtained using cork as a substrate were totally dependent on the cohesive strength of the cork.

Voluntary private health insurance among the over fifties in Europe◊

PubMed Central

Paccagnella, Omar; Rebba, Vincenzo; Weber, Guglielmo

2012-01-01

Using data from SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe), we investigate the determinants of voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) among the over fifties in eleven European countries, and their effects on health care spending. Firstly, we find that the main determinants of VPHI are different in each country, reflecting differences in the underlying health care systems, but in most countries education levels and cognitive abilities have a strong positive effect on holding a VPHI policy. We also analyse the effect of holding a voluntary additional health insurance policy on out-of-pocket (OOP) health care spending. We adopt a simultaneous-equations approach to control for self-selection into VPHI policy holding and find that only in the Netherlands VPHI policyholders have lower OOP spending than the rest of the population while in some countries (Italy, Spain, Denmark and Austria) they spend significantly more. This could be due to increased utilisation but also to cost-sharing measures adopted by the insurers in order both to counter the effects of moral hazard and to keep adverse selection under control. PMID:22315160

Effects of covert subject actions on percent body fat by air-displacement plethsymography.

PubMed

Tegenkamp, Michelle H; Clark, R Randall; Schoeller, Dale A; Landry, Greg L

2011-07-01

Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is used for estimation of body composition, however, some individuals, such as athletes in weight classification sports, may use covert methods during ADP testing to alter their apparent percent body fat. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of covert subject actions on percent body fat measured by ADP. Subjects underwent body composition analysis in the Bod Pod following the standard procedure using the manufacturer's guidelines. The subjects then underwent 8 more measurements while performing the following intentional manipulations: 4 breathing patterns altering lung volume, foot movement to disrupt air, hand cupping to trap air, and heat and cold exposure before entering the chamber. Increasing and decreasing lung volume during thoracic volume measurement and during body density measurement altered the percent body fat assessment (p < 0.001). High lung volume during thoracic gas measures overestimated fat by 3.7 ± 2.1 percentage points. Lowered lung volume during body volume measures overestimated body fat by an additional 2.2 ± 2.1 percentage points. The heat and cold exposure, tapping, and cupping treatments provided similar estimates of percent body fat when compared with the standard condition. These results demonstrate the subjects were able to covertly change their estimated ADP body composition value by altering breathing when compared with the standard condition. We recommend that sports conditioning coaches, athletic trainers, and technicians administering ADP should be aware of the potential effects of these covert actions. The individual responsible for administering ADP should remain vigilant during testing to detect deliberate altered breathing patterns by athletes in an effort to gain a competitive advantage by manipulating their body composition assessment.

Tax Wealth in Fifty States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halstead, D. Kent

This study presents a scheme for yearly, comparative, computation of state and local government tax capacity and effort. Figures for all states for fiscal year 1975 are presented in extensive tables. The system used is a simplified version of the Representative Tax System, which identifies tax bases, determines national average tax rates for those…

More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas

PubMed Central

Sorg, Martin; Jongejans, Eelke; Siepel, Henk; Hofland, Nick; Schwan, Heinz; Stenmans, Werner; Müller, Andreas; Sumser, Hubert; Hörren, Thomas; Goulson, Dave; de Kroon, Hans

2017-01-01

Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and to jeopardize ecosystem services. Our understanding of the extent and underlying causes of this decline is based on the abundance of single species or taxonomic groups only, rather than changes in insect biomass which is more relevant for ecological functioning. Here, we used a standardized protocol to measure total insect biomass using Malaise traps, deployed over 27 years in 63 nature protection areas in Germany (96 unique location-year combinations) to infer on the status and trend of local entomofauna. Our analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study. We show that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline. This yet unrecognized loss of insect biomass must be taken into account in evaluating declines in abundance of species depending on insects as a food source, and ecosystem functioning in the European landscape. PMID:29045418

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in adults: a comprehensive review of 151 adult cases and a new diagnosis in a 53-year-old woman.

PubMed

Yau, James M; Singh, Rajiv; Halpern, Ethan J; Fischman, David

2011-04-01

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary abnormality associated with early infant mortality and adult sudden death. As it predominantly presents in the first year of life, diagnosis in living adults is extremely rare. Current management is based on limited case series or extrapolated from pediatric cases. Modern advances in noninvasive cardiac imaging have substantially increased the number of diagnoses, uncovering a large adult population that has not been reviewed. The availability of newer diagnostic modalities correlates with an increasing incidence in an older cohort, and true association between sudden death and ALCAPA may be lower, especially among older patients. A comprehensive literature search was performed for all case reports of ALCAPA on MEDLINE and PubMed using the keywords ALCAPA, Bland-White-Garland, and coronary anomaly; and augmented by references from published case reports from 1908 to 2008. All adult cases, defined by age 18 years and older, were reviewed for this article. One hundred fifty-one adult cases of ALCAPA are described, in addition to the case of an asymptomatic 53-year-old woman. The average reported age was 41 years old with the oldest being 83. Sixty-six percent of the patients presented with symptoms of angina, dyspnea, palpitations, or fatigue; 17% presented with ventricular arrhythmia, syncope, or sudden death; and 14% were asymptomatic. Twelve percent were diagnosed at autopsy. The majority had some form of surgical correction during their clinical course. ALCAPA is a rare and life-threatening condition in adults. The availability of newer, less invasive diagnostic modalities has resulted in more frequent identification of this condition in an older cohort. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Mayo Clinic Biobank: a building block for individualized medicine.

PubMed

Olson, Janet E; Ryu, Euijung; Johnson, Kiley J; Koenig, Barbara A; Maschke, Karen J; Morrisette, Jody A; Liebow, Mark; Takahashi, Paul Y; Fredericksen, Zachary S; Sharma, Ruchi G; Anderson, Kari S; Hathcock, Matthew A; Carnahan, Jason A; Pathak, Jyotishman; Lindor, Noralane M; Beebe, Timothy J; Thibodeau, Stephen N; Cerhan, James R

2013-09-01

To report the design and implementation of the first 3 years of enrollment of the Mayo Clinic Biobank. Preparations for this biobank began with a 4-day Deliberative Community Engagement with local residents to obtain community input into the design and governance of the biobank. Recruitment, which began in April 2009, is ongoing, with a target goal of 50,000. Any Mayo Clinic patient who is 18 years or older, able to consent, and a US resident is eligible to participate. Each participant completes a health history questionnaire, provides a blood sample, and allows access to existing tissue specimens and all data from their Mayo Clinic electronic medical record. A community advisory board provides ongoing advice and guidance on complex decisions. After 3 years of recruitment, 21,736 individuals have enrolled. Fifty-eight percent (12,498) of participants are female and 95% (20,541) of European ancestry. Median participant age is 62 years. Seventy-four percent (16,171) live in Minnesota, with 42% (9157) from Olmsted County, where the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, is located. The 5 most commonly self-reported conditions are hyperlipidemia (8979, 41%), hypertension (8174, 38%), osteoarthritis (6448, 30%), any cancer (6224, 29%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (5669, 26%). Among patients with self-reported cancer, the 5 most common types are nonmelanoma skin cancer (2950, 14%), prostate cancer (1107, 12% in men), breast cancer (941, 4%), melanoma (692, 3%), and cervical cancer (240, 2% in women). Fifty-six percent (12,115) of participants have at least 15 years of electronic medical record history. To date, more than 60 projects and more than 69,000 samples have been approved for use. The Mayo Clinic Biobank has quickly been established as a valuable resource for researchers. Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pile burning creates a fifty-year legacy of openings in regenerating lodgepole pine forests in Colorado

Treesearch

Charles C. Rhoades; Paula J. Fornwalt

2015-01-01

Pile burning is a common means of disposing the woody residues of logging and for post-harvest site preparation operations, in spite of the practice’s potential negative effects. To examine the long-term implications of this practice we established a 50-year sequence of pile burns within recovering clear cuts in lodgepole pine forests. We compared tree, shrub and...

Five-year trends in antiretroviral usage and drug costs in HIV-infected children in Thailand.

PubMed

Collins, Intira; Cairns, John; Le Coeur, Sophie; Pagdi, Karin; Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat; Layangool, Prapaisri; Borkird, Thitiporn; Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn; Wanchaitanawong, Vanichaya; Jourdain, Gonzague; Lallemant, Marc

2013-09-01

As antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs mature, data on drug utilization and costs are needed to assess durability of treatments and inform program planning. Children initiating ART were followed up in an observational cohort in Thailand. Treatment histories from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. Treatment changes were categorized as: drug substitution (within class), switch across drug class (non nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) to/from protease inhibitor (PI)), and to salvage therapy (dual PI or PI and NNRTI). Antiretroviral drug costs were calculated in 6-month cycles (US$ 2009 prices). Predictors of high drug cost including characteristics at start of ART (baseline), initial regimen, treatment change, and duration on ART were assessed using mixed-effects regression models. Five hundred seven children initiated ART with a median 54 (interquartile range, 36-72) months of follow-up. Fifty-two percent had a drug substitution, 21% switched across class, and 2% to salvage therapy. When allowing for drug substitution, 78% remained on their initial regimen. Mean drug cost increased from $251 to $428 per child per year in the first and fifth year of therapy, respectively. PI-based and salvage regimens accounted for 16% and 2% of treatments prescribed and 33% and 5% of total costs, respectively. Predictors of high cost include baseline age ≥ 8 years, non nevirapine-based initial regimen, switch across drug class, and to salvage regimen (P < 0.005). At 5 years, 21% of children switched across drug class and 2% received salvage therapy. The mean drug cost increased by 70%. Access to affordable second- and third-line drugs is essential for the sustainability of treatment programs.

40 CFR 60.1445 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1445 Section 60.1445 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If your air curtain incinerator combusts...

40 CFR 60.1445 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1445 Section 60.1445 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If your air curtain incinerator combusts...

40 CFR 60.1445 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1445 Section 60.1445 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If your air curtain incinerator combusts...

40 CFR 60.1445 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1445 Section 60.1445 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If your air curtain incinerator combusts...

40 CFR 60.1445 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1445 Section 60.1445 Protection of Environment... Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1445 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If your air curtain incinerator combusts...

A study of surface ozone variability over the Iberian Peninsula during the last fifty years

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernández-Fernández, M. I.; Gallego, M. C.; García, J. A.; Acero, F. J.

2011-02-01

There is good evidence for an increase in the global surface level of ozone in the past century. In this work we present an analysis of 18 surface ozone series over the Iberian Peninsula, considering the target values of ozone for the protection of human health and for the protection of vegetation, as well as the information and alert thresholds established by the current European Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (Directive 2008/50/EC). The results show that the stations located on the Cantabrian coast exceeded neither the target value for the protection of human health nor the target value for the protection of vegetation. The information threshold was exceeded in most of the stations, while the alert threshold was only exceeded in one. The seasonal and daily evolution of ozone concentrations were as expected. A trend analysis of three surface ozone concentration indices (monthly median and 98th percentile, and monthly maximum of the daily maximum 8-h mean) was performed both for the whole period of each station and for the common period from 2001 to 2007 for all the months of the year. It was noted that generally the south of the Iberian Peninsula presented increasing trends for the three indices, especially in the last six months of the year, and the north decreasing trends. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed between the daily maximum 8-h mean and both daily mean temperature and daily mean solar radiation for the whole and the common periods. For all stations, there was a significant positive association at a 5% significance level between the daily maximum 8-h mean and the two meteorological variables of up to approximately 0.5. The spatial distribution of these association values from 2001 to 2007 showed a positive northwest to southeast gradient over the Iberian Peninsula.

Individualized Math Problems in Percent. Oregon Vo-Tech Mathematics Problem Sets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cosler, Norma, Ed.

This is one of eighteen sets of individualized mathematics problems developed by the Oregon Vo-Tech Math Project. Each of these problem packages is organized around a mathematical topic and contains problems related to diverse vocations. Solutions are provided for all problems. This volume includes problems concerned with computing percents.…

40 CFR 62.15380 - How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15380 Section 62.15380 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15380 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...

40 CFR 62.15380 - How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15380 Section 62.15380 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15380 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...

40 CFR 62.15380 - How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15380 Section 62.15380 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15380 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...

40 CFR 62.15375 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15375 Section 62.15375 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15375 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...

40 CFR 62.15375 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15375 Section 62.15375 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15375 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...

40 CFR 60.1920 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1920 Section 60.1920 Protection of Environment... or Before August 30, 1999 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1920 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If...

40 CFR 60.1920 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1920 Section 60.1920 Protection of Environment... or Before August 30, 1999 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1920 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If...

40 CFR 60.1920 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 60.1920 Section 60.1920 Protection of Environment... or Before August 30, 1999 Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 60.1920 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? If...

40 CFR 62.15375 - What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15375 Section 62.15375 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15375 What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...

40 CFR 62.15380 - How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? 62.15380 Section 62.15380 Protection of Environment... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste § 62.15380 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard...