Natural hybridization within seed sources of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Shiqin Xu; C.G. Tauer; C. Dana Nelson

2008-01-01

Shortleaf and loblolly pine trees (n=93 and 102, respectively) from 22 seed sources of the Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study plantings or equivalent origin were evaluated for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation. These sampled trees represent shortleaf pine and loblolly pine, as they existed across their native geographic ranges before...

Genetic diversity within and among populations of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Shiqin Xu; C.G. Tauer; C. Dana Nelson

2008-01-01

Shortleaf pine (n=93) and loblolly pine (n=112) trees representing 22 seed sources or 16 physiographic populations were sampled from Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study plantings located in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Mississippi. The sampled trees were grown from shortleaf pine and loblolly pine seeds formed in 1951 and 1952, prior to the start of intensive forest...

Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands: Effects of restoration treatments on natural loblolly pine regeneration

Treesearch

Ben Knapp; Wang Geoff; Huifeng Hu; Joan Walker; Carsyn Tennant

2011-01-01

Historical land use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the dominance of loblolly pine on many upland sites that historically were occupied by longleaf pine. There is currently much interest in restoring high quality longleaf pine habitats to such areas, but managers may also desire the retention of some existing canopy trees to...

Growth of longleaf and loblolly pine planted on South Carolina Sandhill sites.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cram, Michelle, M.; Outcalt, Kenneth, W.; Zarnoch, Stanley, J.

2010-07-01

Performance of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were compared 15–19 years after outplanting on 10 different sites in the sandhillsof South Carolina. The study was established from 1988 to 1992 with bareroot seedlings artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally inoculated with mycorrhizae in the nursery. A containerized longleaf pine treatment with and without Pt inoculation was added to two sites in 1992. Effects of the Pt nursery treatment were mixed, with a decrease in survival of bareroot longleaf pine on two sites and an increase in survival on another site. The containerized longleafmore » pine treatment substantially increased survival, which led to greater volume compared with bareroot longleaf pine. Loblolly pine yielded more volume than longleaf pine on all sites but one, where survival was negatively affected by fire. Depth of sandy surface horizon affected mean annual height growth of both loblolly and longleaf pine. Height growth per year decreased with an increase in sand depth for both species. Multiple regression analysis of volume growth(ft3/ac per year) for both species indicated a strong relationship to depth of sandy soil and survival. After 15–19 years, loblolly pine has been more productive than longleaf pine, although longleaf pine productivity may be equal to or greater than that of loblolly pine on the soils with the deepest sandy surface layers over longer rotations.« less

Ecophysiological comparison of 50-year-old longleaf pine, slash pine and loblolly pine.

Treesearch

Lisa Samuelson; Tom Stokes; Kurt Johnsen

2012-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), a species that once dominated the southeastern USA, is considered to be more drought tolerant than the principle plantation species in the South, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), and so is predicted to better cope with increases in drought frequency associated with climate change. To...

Loblolly pine grown under elevated CO2 affects early instar pine sawfly performance.

PubMed

Williams, R S; Lincoln, D E; Thomas, R B

1994-06-01

Seedlings of loblolly pine Pinus taeda (L.), were grown in open-topped field chambers under three CO 2 regimes: ambient, 150 μl l -1 CO 2 above ambient, and 300 μl l -1 CO 2 above ambient. A fourth, non-chambered ambient treatment was included to assess chamber effects. Needles were used in 96 h feeding trials to determine the performance of young, second instar larvae of loblolly pine's principal leaf herbivore, red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch). The relative consumption rate of larvae significantly increased on plants grown under elevated CO 2 , and needles grown in the highest CO 2 regime were consumed 21% more rapidly than needles grown in ambient CO 2 . Both the significant decline in leaf nitrogen content and the substantial increase in leaf starch content contributed to a significant increase in the starch:nitrogen ratio in plants grown in elevated CO 2 . Insect consumption rate was negatively related to leaf nitrogen content and positively related to the starch:nitrogen ratio. Of the four volatile leaf monoterpenes measured, only β-pinene exhibited a significant CO 2 effect and declined in plants grown in elevated CO 2 . Although consumption changed, the relative growth rates of larvae were not different among CO 2 treatments. Despite lower nitrogen consumption rates by larvae feeding on the plants grown in elevated CO 2 , nitrogen accumulation rates were the same for all treatments due to a significant increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency. The ability of this insect to respond at an early, potentially susceptible larval stage to poorer food quality and declining levels of a leaf monoterpene suggest that changes in needle quality within pines in future elevated-CO 2 atmospheres may not especially affect young insects and that tree-feeding sawflies may respond in a manner similar to herb-feeding lepidopterans.

Validation of the Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantation Yield Model-USLYCOWG

Treesearch

V. Clark Baldwin; D.P. Feduccia

1982-01-01

Yield and stand structure predictions from an unthinned loblolly pine plantation yield prediction system (USLYCOWG computer program) were compared with observations from 80 unthinned loblolly pine plots. Overall, the predicted estimates were reasonable when compared to observed values, but predictions based on input data at or near the system's limits may be in...

Guying to prevent wind sway influences loblolly pine growth and wood properties

Treesearch

James D. Burton; Diana M. Smith

1972-01-01

Restraining young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees from normal swaying in the wind markedly reduced radial growth in the immobilized portion of the bole and accelerated it in the upper, free-swaying portion. Guying also reduced specific gravity, number of earlywood and latewood tracheids, latewood tracheid diameter, and amount of compression wood...

Impact of pine tip moth attack on loblolly pine

Treesearch

Roy Hedden

1999-01-01

Data on the impact of Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, attack on the height of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, in the first three growing seasons after planting from three locations in eastern North Carolina (U.S.A.) was used to develop multiple linear regression models relating tree height to tip moth infestation level in each growing season. These models...

Hardwood cover crops:can they enhance loblolly pine seedling production

Treesearch

Paul P. Kormanik; Shi-Jean S. Sung; T.L. Kormanik; Stanley J. Zarnoch

1995-01-01

It has been extremely difficult to obtain more than two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) crops following even effective soil fumigation with methyl bromide in southern forest tree nurseries. The traditional agronomic cover crops such as sorghum and sudex, unless followed by fumigation, do not normally produce satisfactory loblolly pine seedling crops. Various species...

Growth following pruning of young loblolly pine trees: some early results

Treesearch

Ralph L. Amateis; Harold E. Burkhart

2006-01-01

In the spring of 2000, a designed experiment was established to study the effects of pruning on juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) tree growth and the subsequent formation of mature wood. Trees were planted at a 3 m x 3 m square spacing in plots of 6 rows with 6 trees per row, with the inner 16 trees constituting the measurement plot. Among the...

A simulation study of hardwood rootstock populations in young loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

David R. Weise; Glenn R. Glover

1988-01-01

A computer program to simulate spatial distribution of hardwood rootstock populations is presented. Nineteen 3 to 6 yearold loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in Alabama and Georgia were measured to provide information for the simulator. Spatial pattern, expressed as Pielou's nonrandomness index (PNI), ranged from 0.47 to 2.45. Scatterplots illustrated no...

Bark Thickness of 17-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Planted at Different Spacings

Treesearch

Donald P. Feduccia; William F. Mann

1975-01-01

Diameter at breast height was the only variable affecting double bark thickness at d.b.h. and midpoint of the merchantable stem for young loblolly pine planted at five initial spacings on plots with site indices of 77 to 111 feet. Bark thickness at the 4-inch top was not correlated with breast-height diameter.

Heterogeneity of interflavanoid bond Location in loblolly pine bark procyanidins

Treesearch

Richard W. Hemingway; Joseph J. Karchesy; Gerald W. McGraw; Richard A. Wielesek

1983-01-01

Procyanidins B-1, B-3 and B-7 were obtained from Pinus taeda phloem in yields of 0.076, 0.021 and 0.034% of unextracted dry wt. Procyanidins B-1 and B-7 were produced in relative yields of 2.4:1 by biosynthetically patterned synthesis from catechin and loblolly pine tannins. Partial acid-catalysed thiolytic cleavage of loblolly pine phloem tannins...

Carbon Sequestration in loblolly pine plantations: Methods, limitations, and research needs for estimating storage pools

Treesearch

Kurt Johnsen; Bob Teskey; Lisa Samuelson; John Butnor; David Sampson; Felipe Sanchez; Chris Maier; Steve McKeand

2004-01-01

Globally, the species most widely used for plantation forestry is loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Because loblolly pine plantations are so extensive and grow so rapidly, they provide a great potential for sequestering atmospheric carbon (C). Because loblolly pine plantations are relatively simple ecosystems and because such a great volume of...

Relationships between stem CO2 efflux, substrate supply, and growth in young loblolly pine trees

Treesearch

Chris A. Maier; Kurt H. Johnsen; Barton D. Clinton; Kim H. Ludovici

2009-01-01

We examined the relationships between stem CO2 efflux (Es), diametergrowth, and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in loblolly pine trees. Carbohydratesupply was altered via stem girdling during rapid stem growth in the

Fate of residual canopy trees following harvesting to underplant longleaf pine seedlings in loblolly pine stands in Georgia

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Robert N. Addington

2016-01-01

Over the past few decades, reports of forest health problems have concerned scientists and forest managers in loblolly pine forests of the southeastern United States. Several interacting factors likely contribute to observed reductions in loblolly pine health, including low resource availability on many upland sites that were once dominated by longleaf pine. Currently...

Establishing Longleaf Pine Seedlings Under a Loblolly Pine Canopy (User’s Guide)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-01

converting loblolly pine stands to longleaf pine dominance ..................... 5 3. WHERE DO THE GUIDELINES APPLY? GEOGRAPHIC, EDAPHIC, AND STAND STRUCTURE ...watching, hunting, and off-road vehicle use, and yield valuable products including quality saw- timber and pine needles for landscaping. Longleaf pines...U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2003). The foraging habitat guidelines specify characteristics of the pine canopy structure , the abundance of

Seasonal Fine Root Carbohydrate Relations of Plantation Loblolly Pine After Thinning

Treesearch

Mary A. Sword; Eric A. Kuehler; Zhenmin Tang

2000-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occurs naturally on soils that are frequently low in fertility and water availability (Allen et al., 1990; Schultz 1997). Despite these limitations, this species maintains a high level of productivity on most sites (Schultz, 1997). Knowledge of plantation loblolly pine root system growth and physiology is needed to...

Inheritance of RFLP loci in a loblolly pine three-generation pedigree

Treesearch

M.D. Devey; K.D. Jermstad; C.G. Tauer; D.B. Neale

1991-01-01

A high-density restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map is being constructed for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine cDNA and genomic DNA clones were used as probes in hybridizations to genomic DNAs prepared from grandparents, parents, and progeny of a three-generation outbred pedigree. Approximately 200 probes were...

Mortality of trees in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Boris Zeide; Yujia Zhang

2006-01-01

The annual probability of mortality for planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees was estimated using a set of permanent plots covering the entire native range of the species. The recorded causes of death were infestation by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) and other insects, lightning, and unknown...

Validation of Volume and Taper Equations For Loblolly Shortleaf and Slash Pine

Treesearch

Allan E. Tiarks; V. Clark Baldwin

1999-01-01

Inside-bark diameter measurements at 6.64 intervals of 137 loblolly, 52 shortleaf, and 64 slash pines were used to calculate the actual volume and taper of each species for comparison with volumes and tapers predicted from published equations. The loblolly pine were cut in Texas (TX) and Louisiana (LA) while the shortleaf was sampled only in TX. The slash pine were...

Selecting a sampling method to aid in vegetation management decisions in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

David R. Weise; Glenn R. Glover

1993-01-01

Objective methods to evaluate hardwood competition in young loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantations are not widely used in the southeastern United States. Ability of common sampling rules to accurately estimate hardwood rootstock attributes at low sampling intensities and across varying rootstock spatial distributions is unknown. Fixed area plot...

Prescribed Winter Burns Can Reduce the Growth of Nine-Year-Old Loblolly Pines

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1985-01-01

Prescribed winter burning was done in a precommercially thinned, 9-year-old, natural stand of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.). Growth and survival of 174 loblolly pines were monitored one growing season after this burning. Mortality was highest for pines with less than 2 inches groundline...

A Loblolly Pine Management Guide: When and Where to Apply Fertilizer

Treesearch

Carol G. Wells; Lee Allen

1985-01-01

Growth rates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands can often be increased markedly by applying phosphorus, nitrogen, or nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. On phosphorus-deficient Lowe Coastal Plain sites, the growth improvement from phosphorus fertilization of loblolly pine often amounts to an increase in site index (age 25) of 15 feet.Nitrogen and nitrogen plus...

Stem Sinuosity of Loblolly Pine Seedlings as Influenced by Taproot Shape

Treesearch

Michael S. Murphy; Timothy B. Harrington

2004-01-01

Sinuous stem growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) results in diminished potential for the utilization of wood products since these stems are difficult to mill and contain a higher percentage of compression wood. In this study, 90 full-sibling loblolly pine seedlings (30 seedlings from each of 3 families) were planted with 5 taproot configurations...

Radial growth trends of loblolly pine in the Virginia Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Gregory A. Reams

1996-01-01

A number of recent studies have shown reduced individual-treerowth throughout the 1970s and early 1980s in natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in the southeastern United States. This study updates radial growth trends of loblolly pine in the Virginia Coastal Plain through1989.Ring-width series were initially grouped into two age-classes (=150...

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control and Loblolly Pine Growth in Intensive Pine Culture: Two-Year Results

Treesearch

David L. Kulhavy; Jimmie L. Yeiser; L. Allen Smith

2004-01-01

Twenty-two treatments replicated four times were applied to planted loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. on bedded industrial forest land in east Texas for measurement of growth impact of Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and effects on pine growth over 2 years. Treatments were combinations of Velpar, Oust, and Arsenal...

The short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine photosynthesis and biomass

Treesearch

Nathan King; John Seiler; Thomas R. Fox; Kurt Johnsen

2006-01-01

The physiological processes in loblolly pine leading to enhanced growth in response to fertilization have not been clearly established. We tracked net photosynthesis (Pn), height, basal diameter, and volume changes in loblolly pine seedlings in response to fertilization during the entire 2004 growing season. Pn measurements...

Assessment of Loblolly Pine Decline in Central Alabama

Treesearch

Nolan J. Hess; William J. Otrosina; Emily A. Carter; Jim R. Steinman; John P. Jones; Lori G. Eckhardt; Ann M. Weber; Charles H. Walkinshaw

2002-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) decline has been prevalent on upland sites of central Alabama since the 1960's. The purpose of this study was to compare Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) standards and protocols with root health evaluations relative to crown, stem, and site measurements. Thirty-nine 1/6 acre plots were established on loblolly decline...

Fuel accumulations in Piedmont loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Ernst V. Brender; W. Henry McNab; Shelton Williams

1976-01-01

Weight of minor vegetation under unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations was closely related to stand age and basal area stocking. Weight of this vegetation peaked 3 years after clearcutting and planting, then diminished as the pine canopy became denser. Forest floor weight increased steadily through age 23, when it began to level off. Equilibrium forest...

Explaining the apparent resiliency of loblolly pine plantation to organic matter removal

Treesearch

Jeff A. Hatten; Eric B. Surce; Zakiya Leggett; Jason Mack; Scott D. Roberts; Janet Dewey; Brian Strahm

2015-01-01

We utilized 15-year measurements from an organic matter manipulation experiment in a loblolly pine plantation in the Upper Coastal Plain of Alabama to examine the apparent resiliency of a loblolly pine stand to organic matter removal. Treatments included complete removal of harvest residues and forest floor (removed), doubling of harvest residues and forest floor (...

Relative Impacts of Ice Storms on Loblolly Pine Plantations in Central Arkansas

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg; Michael G. Shelton; Eric Heitzman

2004-01-01

Catastrophic ice storms can inflict widespread damage to forests in the Southeastern United States. Two severe ice storms struck Arkansas in December 2000, resulting in heavy losses to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. We assessed the type and magnitude of damage in four loblolly pine plantation conditions: unthinned 11- to 12-year-old...

Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated With the Southern Pine Coneworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Attacking Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Nenad Mihelcic; James L. Hanula; Gary L. DeBarr

2003-01-01

Larvae of the Southern pine coneworm, Diorycha amateella (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were collected monthly during the growing seasons of 1996 and 1997 from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., seed orchards in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia, and examined for pathogenic microorganisms. One fungus,

Loblolly pine and slash pine responses to acute aluminum and acid exposures

Treesearch

Jaroslaw Nowak; Alexander L. Friend

2006-01-01

In response to concerns about aluminum and HCl exposure associated with rocket motor testing and launches, survival and growth of full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were evaluated in a nursery bed experiment. Each species was exposed to a single soil application of aluminum...

Climate Change and Ecosystem Services Output Efficiency in Southern Loblolly Pine Forests.

PubMed

Susaeta, Andres; Adams, Damian C; Carter, Douglas R; Dwivedi, Puneet

2016-09-01

Forests provide myriad ecosystem services that are vital to humanity. With climate change, we expect to see significant changes to forests that will alter the supply of these critical services and affect human well-being. To better understand the impacts of climate change on forest-based ecosystem services, we applied a data envelopment analysis method to assess plot-level efficiency in the provision of ecosystem services in Florida natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests. Using field data for n = 16 loblolly pine forest plots, including inputs such as site index, tree density, age, precipitation, and temperatures for each forest plot, we assessed the relative plot-level production of three ecosystem services: timber, carbon sequestered, and species richness. The results suggested that loblolly pine forests in Florida were largely inefficient in the provision of these ecosystem services under current climatic conditions. Climate change had a small negative impact on the loblolly pine forests efficiency in the provision of ecosystem services. In this context, we discussed the reduction of tree density that may not improve ecosystem services production.

Climate Change and Ecosystem Services Output Efficiency in Southern Loblolly Pine Forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Susaeta, Andres; Adams, Damian C.; Carter, Douglas R.; Dwivedi, Puneet

2016-09-01

Forests provide myriad ecosystem services that are vital to humanity. With climate change, we expect to see significant changes to forests that will alter the supply of these critical services and affect human well-being. To better understand the impacts of climate change on forest-based ecosystem services, we applied a data envelopment analysis method to assess plot-level efficiency in the provision of ecosystem services in Florida natural loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) forests. Using field data for n = 16 loblolly pine forest plots, including inputs such as site index, tree density, age, precipitation, and temperatures for each forest plot, we assessed the relative plot-level production of three ecosystem services: timber, carbon sequestered, and species richness. The results suggested that loblolly pine forests in Florida were largely inefficient in the provision of these ecosystem services under current climatic conditions. Climate change had a small negative impact on the loblolly pine forests efficiency in the provision of ecosystem services. In this context, we discussed the reduction of tree density that may not improve ecosystem services production.

Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on planted longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; G.Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Benjamin O. Knapp

2012-01-01

A field study was installed to test silvicultural treatments for establishing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill) in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands. Harvesting was used to create seven canopy treatments, four with uniformly distributed canopies at different residual basal areas [Control (16.2 m2/ha),...

Response of Foliage of Young Loblolly Pine to Woody and Herbaceous Plant Control

Treesearch

Bruce R. Zutter; James H. Miller; H. Lee Allen; Shepard M. Zedake; M. Boyd Edwards; Ray A. Newbold

1998-01-01

Woody and herbaceous weeds have been shown to have a significant negative impact on survival and/or growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus fueae L.) in the southeastern United States (Nelson et al. 1981, Zutter et al. 1986. Bacon and Zedaker 1987, Miller et al. 1987, 1991). Most research studies have focttsed on the effects of controlling only herbaceous, only woody,...

Pathogenicity of Leptographium Species Associated with Loblolly Pine Decline

Treesearch

L. G. Eckhardt; J. P. Jones; Kier D. Klepzig

2004-01-01

Freshly lifted seedlings and 21-year-old trees of loblolly pine were wound-inoculated with Leptographium species recovered from the soil and/or roots of trees with loblolly decline symptoms in central Alabama. Seedlings inoculated with L. procerum in the greenhouse produced significantly fewer root initials and a smaller root mass than control...

Nursery Selection of Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

E. Bayne Snyder

1976-01-01

Selecting exceptionally tall loblolly pine seedlings from nursery beds is a promising and low-cost means of tree improvement, according to this 10-year study. From 1962 to 1971, 2,800 outstandingly tall seedlings were chosen from a nursery in south Mississippi and outplanted. Selected seedlings were about twice as tall as average-height controls. When the trees were...

Tip moth control and loblolly pine growth in intensive pine culture: four year results

Treesearch

David L. Kulhavy; Jimmie L. Yeiser; L. Allen Smith

2006-01-01

Twenty-two treatments replicated four times were applied to planted loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on bedded industrial forest land in east Texas for measurement of growth impact of Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM), Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock, and effects on pine growth over 2 years. Treatments were combinations of Velpar®,...

Height Response to Harvesting Intensity and Site Preparation in Four Young Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Thomas J. Dean; Ray A. Newbold

2002-01-01

A study was conducted to analyze the general effects of harvesting intensity and postharvest treatments on the average, three-year height of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). This was accomplished by analyzing treatment effects across four study sites by treating the locations as random effects in the statistical model. Whole-tree harvesting using...

Financial performance of loblolly and longleaf pine plantations

Treesearch

Steven D. Mills; Charles T. Stiff

2013-01-01

The financial performance of selected management regimes for loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and longleaf pine (P. palustris Mill.) plantations were compared for four cases, each with low- and high-site productivity levels and each evaluated using 5 and 7 percent real discount rates. In all cases, longleaf pine was considered both with...

Reassessment of Loblolly Pine Decline on the Oakmulgee Ranger District, Talladega National Forest, Alabama

Treesearch

Nolan J. Hess; William J. Otroana; John P. Jones; Arthur J. Goddard; Charles H. Walkinshaw

1999-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) decline has been a management concern on the Oakmulgee Ranger District since the 1960's. The symptoms include sparse crowns, reduced radial growth, deterioration of fine roots, decline, and mortality of loblolly pine by age 50.

Distinguishing features of loblolly and shortleaf pine seeds: implications for monitoring seed production in mixed stands

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Michael D. Cain

1996-01-01

Monitoring seed production in mixed loblolly pine - shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinata Mill. respectively) stands may require identifying individual seeds by species. Although loblolly pine seeds are on average heavier and larger than those of shortleaf pine, there is considerable overlap in these properties for...

Exome genotyping, linkage disequilibrium and population structure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Mengmeng Lu; Konstantin V. Krutovsky; C. Dana Nelson; Tomasz E. Koralewski; Thomas D. Byram; Carol A. Loopstra

2016-01-01

Background: Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is one of the most widely planted and commercially important foresttree species in the USA and worldwide, and is an object of intense genomic research. However, whole genomeresequencing in loblolly pine is hampered by its large size and complexity and a lack of a good...

Genetic dissection of fusiform rust and pitch canker disease traits in loblolly pine

Treesearch

Gogce C. Kayihan; Dudley A. Huber; Alison M. Morse; Timothy L. White; John M. Davis

2005-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) exhibits genetic resistance to fusiforrn rust disease (incited by the biotrophic fungus, Cronartiurn quercuum f. sp. fusifom) and pitch canker disease (incited by the necrotrophic fungus, Fusarium circinatum). In this study, a total of 14,015 loblolly pine cuttings from 1,065 clones were screened in...

Effects of spring defoliation on first-year growth of young loblolly and slash pines

Treesearch

David R. Weise; Ragnar W. Johansen; Dale D. Wade

1987-01-01

Partial and complete spring defoliation reduced first-year diameter, height, and volume growth of 4-year-old loblolly and slash pines. Early and late growth differed significantly between defoliation levels (P=0.05). However, the number of height growth flushes produced during the 1986 growing season was not affected by defoliation treatments. No mortality occurred...

Thermal Efficiency: A Possible Determinant of Height Growth Potential in Young Loblolly Pines

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1976-01-01

Height growth of 10 loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) during one growing season ranged from 35.7 to 126.9 cm. Ninety-four percent of these tree-to-tree differences in height growth were accounted for by two thermal characteristics of each tree: (1) threshold temperature for growth and (2) growth rate per unit of heat above 40°F (4.4°C). These...

Electromagnetic Treatment of Loblolly Pine Seeds

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; Stanley L. Krugman

1989-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were exposed to an electromagnetic radiation treatment (Energy Transfer Process, marketed by the Energy Transfer Corporation), and the effects of the treatments on seed germination, seedling development, disease resistance, and field performance of seedlings were evaluated. None of the evaluated variables showed...

Fusiform-Rust-Hazard Maps for Loblolly and Slash Pines

Treesearch

Robert L. Anderson; Thomas C. McCartney; Noel D. Cost; Hugh Devine; Martin Botkin

1988-01-01

Rust-hazard saps made from Forest Inventory and Analysis plot data show that fusiform rust on slash pine is most common in north-central Florida, in southeastern Georgia, and in areas north of slash pine's natural range. On loblolly pine, the disease is most common in central and southeastern Georgia and in portions of South Carolina. These maps show the general...

Oleoresin characteristics of progeny of loblolly pines that escaped attack by southern pine beetle

Treesearch

B.L. Strom; R.A. Goyer; L.L. Ingram; G.D.L. Boyd; L.H. Lott

2002-01-01

Oleoresin characteristics of first-generation (F1) progeny of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that escaped mortality from the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), despite heavy mortality of neighbors, were evaluated and compared to trees from a general (i.e., trees...

Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant.

PubMed

Ralph, J; MacKay, J J; Hatfield, R D; O'Malley, D M; Whetten, R W; Sederoff, R R

1997-07-11

Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines. Dihydroconiferyl alcohol, a monomer not normally associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway, is the major component of the mutant's lignin, accounting for approximately 30 percent (versus approximately 3 percent in normal pine) of the units. The level of aldehydes, including new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes, is also increased. The mutant pines grew normally indicating that, even within a species, extensive variations in lignin composition need not disrupt the essential functions of lignin.

Foliage Sampling Guides for Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Carol G. Wells

1969-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees were sampled to determine the effect of growth flush, crown position of pole trees, and winter temperature extremes upon the nutrient content of needles. Winter temperatures did not have an important influence upon elemental content. Because concentrations of several elements differed for Ihe first, second, and...

Longitudial variation in wood specific gravity of planted loblolly pine in the southern United States

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Laurence R. Schimleck; Richard F. Daniels; Alexander Clark

2012-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most important plantation species grown in the southern United States, having more than half of the standing pine volume. Wood from loblolly pine is a principal source of raw material for the pulp and paper industry and is desirable for the production of lumber and composite wood products. The quality of wood...

Documentation and user guides for SPBLOB: a computer simulation model of the join population dynamics for loblolly pine and the southern pine beetle

Treesearch

John Bishir; James Roberds; Brian Strom; Xiaohai Wan

2009-01-01

SPLOB is a computer simulation model for the interaction between loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the economically most important forest crop in the United States, and the southern pine beetle (SPB: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), the major insect pest for this species. The model simulates loblolly pine stands from time of planting...

Impact of pruning intensity on growth of young loblolly pine trees: some early results

Treesearch

Ralph L. Amateis; Harold E. Burkhart

2010-01-01

In the spring of 2000, a designed experiment was established to study the effects of pruning intensity on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. Trees were planted at a 1.83 by 1.83 m square spacing in plots of eight rows with eight trees per row; the inner 36 trees constituted the measurement plot. Four blocks containing five treatment...

The longest active thinned and pruned loblolly pine permanent plots: the last measurement

Treesearch

Denise R. General; Curtis L. VanderSchaaf; B. Zeide

2013-01-01

The longest active study of the effects of thinning and pruning on growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was established by Dr. James D. Burton in 1970 in a typical 12-year-old loblolly pine (plantation was 11 years old) stand planted by then the Georgia-Pacific Corporation in the southeastern corner of Arkansas. Basal area has been maintained at...

Association genetics of growth and adaptive traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using whole-exome-discovered polymorphisms

Treesearch

Mengmeng Lu; Konstantin V. Krutovsky; C. Dana Nelson; Jason B. West; Nathalie A. Reilly; Carol A. Loopstra

2017-01-01

In the USA, forest genetics research began over 100 years ago and loblolly pine breeding programs were established in the 1950s. However, the genetics underlying complex traits of loblolly pine remains to be discovered. To address this, adaptive and growth traits were measured and analyzed in a clonally tested loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) population. Over 2.8 million...

Modeling the Differential Sensitivity of Loblolly Pine to Climatic Change Using Tree Rings

Treesearch

Edward R. Cook; Warren L. Nance; Paul J. Krusic; James Grissom

1998-01-01

The Southwide Pine Seed Source Study (SPSSS) was undertaken in 1951 to determine to what extent inherent geographic variation in four southern pine species (loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.; slash pine, P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii; longleaf pine, P. palutris Mill.; and shortleaf pine,

Effects of aerially applied glyphosate and hexazinone on hardwoods and pines in a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1993-01-01

Three herbicide products, Roundup© (glyphosate), Pronone© 10G (hexazinone), and Velpar© L (hexazinone), were applied aerially to release a 4-year-old loblolly pine plantation from hardwood competition. Herbicide damage to pines was not excessive. Post-treatment growth of pines in herbicide-treated plots was not significantly different from growth of pines in untreated...

AmeriFlux US-Dk3 Duke Forest - loblolly pine

DOE Data Explorer

Novick, Kim [Indiana University; Oishi, Chris [USDA Forest Service; Stoy, Paul [Montana State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Dk3 Duke Forest - loblolly pine. Site Description - The site was established in 1983 following a clear cut and a burn. Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings were planted at 2.4m by 2.4m spacing and ecosystem development has not been managed after planting. Canopy height increased from 16m in 2001 to 18m in 2004. The canopy is comprised primarily of P. taeda with some emergent Liquidambar styraciflua L. and a diverse and growing understory with 26 different woody species of diameter breast height 42.5 cm. The flux tower lies upwind of the CO2-enriched components of the free atmosphere carbon enrichment (FACE) facility located in the same pine forest. EC instrumentation is at 20.2m on a 22m tower.

Occurrence of shortleaf x loblolly pine hybrids in shortleaf pine orchards: Implications for ecosystem restoration

Treesearch

John F. Stewart; Rodney Will; Barbara S. Crane; C. Dana Nelson

2016-01-01

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) is an important conifer in much of the southeastern United States. However, the species and its associated ecosystems are in decline, and recent evidence about hybridization with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) raises concerns that the species may be at risk of further losses due to introgression. Although shortleaf pine is not...

Direction of Pollination Affects Seed Productivity in (Shortleaf x Loblolly) x Loblolly Hybrids

Treesearch

Timothy La Farge; Davie L. Hunt

1980-01-01

In reciprocal crosses between shortleaf X loblolly pine hybrids and loblolly pines, seed production per pollinated flower was higher when the loblolly pine was the mother tree. We therefore recommend that loblolly pines be favored as mother trees in such work, even though storage of pollen for 1 year is required.

Early competitive effects on growth of loblolly pine grown in co-culture with switchgrass

Treesearch

Kurt J. Krapfl; Scott D. Roberts; Randall J. Rosseau; Jeff A. Hatten

2015-01-01

This study: (1) examined competitive interactions between switchgrass and loblolly pine grown in co-culture, and (2) assessed early growth rates of loblolly pine as affected by differing switchgrass competition treatments. Co-cultures were established and monitored on two Upper Coastal Plain sites for 2 years. The Pontotoc site has a history of agricultural use with...

Herbaceous weed control in loblolly pine plantations using flazasulfuron

Treesearch

Andrew W. Ezell; Jimmie L. Yeiser

2015-01-01

A total of 13 treatments were applied at four sites (two in Mississippi and two in Texas) to evaluate the efficacy of flazasulfuron applied alone or in mixtures for providing control of herbaceous weeds. All sites were newly established loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Plots were evaluated monthly until 180 days after treatment. No phytotoxicity on pine...

Planting Loblolly Pine for Erosion Control in Northern Mississippi

Treesearch

Stanley J. Ursic

1963-01-01

Loblolly pine is widely planted for soil stabilization and the rehabilitation of denuded, actively eroding uplands of the upper Gulf Coastal Plain in north Mississippi and west Tennessee. This paper presents methods and specifications that recent research has developed for such planting. It supplements information found in Wakeley’s Planting the Southern Pines and...

Visual tree grading systems for estimating lumber yields in young and mature southern pine

Treesearch

Alexander Clark; Robert H. McAlister

1998-01-01

New visual tree grading systems for mature southern pine ? 35 years old and young pine ? 35 years old based on number and size of branches in the lower bole are described. A series of lumber grade yield studies was conducted to test the new grading rules. A total of 214 natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill) trees 9 to 20 inches...

Compatible taper equation for loblolly pine

Treesearch

J. P. McClure; R. L. Czaplewski

1986-01-01

Cao's compatible, segmented polynomial taper equation (Q. V. Cao, H. E. Burkhart, and T. A. Max. For. Sci. 26: 71-80. 1980) is fitted to a large loblolly pine data set from the southeastern United States. Equations are presented that predict diameter at a given height, height to a given top diameter, and volume below a given position on the main stem. All...

Volume growth of pine and hardwood in uneven-aged loblolly pine-upland hardwood mixtures

Treesearch

Robert M. Farrar; Paul A. Murphy; Daniel J. Leduc

1989-01-01

Results are reported from an exploratory investigation of stand-level periodic volume growth of uneven-aged mixed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)-upland hardwood stands on good sites in southeastern Arkansas. A restricted set of replicated observations was extracted from an extensive CFI database involving varying pine-hardwood mixtures to form an array of plots with...

Local and general above-stump biomass functions for loblolly pine and slash pine trees

Treesearch

Carlos A. Gonzalez-Beneke; Salvador Gezan; Tmothy J. Albaugh; H. Lee Allen; Harold E. Burkhart; Thomas R. Fox; Eric J. Jokela; Christopher Maier; Timothy A. Martin; Rafael A. Rubilar; Lisa J. Samuelson

2014-01-01

There is an increasing interest in estimating biomass for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii), two of the most ecologically and commercially important tree species in North America. The majority of the available individual-tree allometric models are local, relying on stem diameter outside bark at breast height (dbh)...

Southern pine beetle in loblolly pine: simulating within stand interactions using the process model SPBLOBTHIN

Treesearch

Brian Strom; J. R. Meeker; J. Bishir; James Roberds; X. Wan

2016-01-01

Pine stand density is a key determinant of damage resulting from attacks by the southern pine beetle (SPB, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.). High-density stands of maturing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) are at high risk for losses to SPB, and reducing stand density is the primary tool available to forest managers for preventing and mitigating damage. Field studies are...

Extent of Phellinus pini decay in loblolly pines and red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in eastern Texas.

Treesearch

Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz; D. Craig Rudolph; Richard R. Schaefer

2004-01-01

Extent of Phellinus pini decay in loblolly pines and red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in eastern Texas. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 89: 315-321, 2004. To determine the prevalence of Phellinus pini in pines generally and red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees specifically, we dissected 24 loblolly pines (...

Specific heat of ovendry loblolly pine wood

Treesearch

Charles W. McMillin

1969-01-01

In the range of 333 K to 413 K, the specific heat of ovendry loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood was expressed by a linear function of temperature. No relationship was detected with specific gravity, growth rate, or distance from the pith; nor were differences found between earlywood and latewood.

Seedbed treatment increases dominance of natural loblolly pine reproduction

Treesearch

S. Little; J. J. Mohr

1957-01-01

In 1951 a 30-acre mature stand of loblolly pine on Maryland's Eastern Shore was cut, leaving 10 pine seed trees per acre; and three different methods of seedbed preparation were tried on experimental plots within the stand. Besides a control plot, which was only logged, the plot treatments included: (a) pulling a stump with a small bulldozer before cutting,...

Prescribed burning and mastication effects on surface fuels in southern pine beetle-killed loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Aaron D. Stottlemyer; Thomas A. Waldrop; G. Geoff Wang

2015-01-01

Surface fuels were characterized in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations severely impacted by southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Ehrh.) (SPB) outbreaks in the upper South Carolina Piedmont. Prescribed burning and mastication were then tested as fuel reduction treatments in these areas. Prescribed burning reduced...

Effects of Early Release on Natural Versus Container Loblolly Pines 12 Years After Field Establishment

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

Genetically improved, container loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were compared to naturally established loblolly seedlings on a cutoverpine site. Crop pines on 6 of 12 plots were releasedfrom woody and herbaceous competition within a 2 ft radius of each stem. On release plots, woody competition was controlled by hand-cutting for 5...

Fertilizer responses of longleaf pine trees within a loblolly pine plantation: separating direct effects from competition effects

Treesearch

Peter H Anderson; Kurt H. Johnsen

2009-01-01

Evidence is mixed on how well longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) responds to increased soil nitrogen via fertilization. We examined growth and physiological responses of volunteer longleaf pine trees within an intensive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) fertilization experiment. Fertilizer was applied annually following thinning at age 8 years (late 1992) at rates...

Biology of a Pine Needle Sheath Midge, Contarinia Acuta Gagne (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Julie C. Weatherby; John C. Moser; Raymond J. Gagné; Huey N. Wallace

1989-01-01

The biology of a pine needle sheath midge, Contarinia acuta Gagné is described for a new host in Louisiana. This midge was found feeding within the needle sheath on elongating needles of loblolly pine, P. taeda L. Needle droop and partial defoliation were evident on heavily infested trees. Overwintering C. acuta...

Growth and wood properties of genetically improved loblolly pine: propagation type comparison and genetic parameters

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Laurence Schimleck; Lewis Jordan; Benjamin Hornsby; Joseph Dahlen; Richard Daniels; Alexander Clark; Luis Apiolaza; Dudley Huber

2013-01-01

The use of clonal varieties in forestry offers great potential to improve growth traits (quantity) and wood properties (quality) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine trees established via somatic embryogenesis (clones), full-sib zygotic crosses, and half-sib zygotic open-pollinated families were sampled to identify variation in growth and wood properties...

Loblolly Pine Growth 16 Years After Four Site Preparation Treatments

Treesearch

John C. Adams; Clyde Vidrine

2002-01-01

Thirteen-year growth results of 1-0 planted loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) on differently prepared upland mixed pine-hardwood sites located in north western Louisiana are presented. The study was designed as a randomized complete block consisting of three blocks of four site preparation treatments, which included: chop and burn, windrow,...

Long-term Root Growth Response to Thinning, Fertilization, and Water Deficit in Plantation Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

M.A. Sword-Sayer; Z. Tang

2004-01-01

High water deficits limit the new root growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), potentially reducing soil resource availability and stand growth. We evaluated new root growth and stand production in response to thinning and fertilization in loblolly pine over a 6-year period that consisted of 3 years of low water deficit followed by 3 years of high...

Soil property changes during loblolly pine production

Treesearch

R. Wayne Skaggs; Devendra M. Amatya; G.M. Chescheir; Christine D. Blanton

2006-01-01

Three watersheds, each approximately 25 ha, were instrumented to measure and record drainage rate, water table depth, rainfall and meteorological data. Data continuously collected on the site since 1988 include response of hydrologic and water quality variables for nearly all growth stages of a Loblolly pine plantation. Data for drainage outflow rates and water table...

Thermomechanical pulping of loblolly pine juvenile wood

Treesearch

Gary C. Myers

2002-01-01

Intensive forest management, with a heavy emphasis on ecosystem management and restoring or maintaining forest health, will result in the removal of smaller diameter materials from the forest. This increases the probability of higher juvenile wood content in the harvested materials. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of loblolly pine juvenile and...

Influence of Tylenchorhynchus ewingi on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, and host suitability of legumes and small grains

Treesearch

Stephen W. Fraedrich; Michelle M. Cram; Zafar A. Handoo; Stanley J. Zarnoch

2012-01-01

Tylenchorhynchus ewingi, a stunt nematode, causes severe injury to slash pine seedlings and has been recently associated with stunting and chlorosis of loblolly pine seedlings at some forest tree nurseries in southern USA. Experiments confirmed that loblolly pine is a host for T. ewingi, and that the nematode is capable of causing...

Aluminum fractions in root tips of slash pine and loblolly pine families differing in Al resistance

Treesearch

Jaroslaw Nowak; Alexander L. Friend

2005-01-01

Aluminum (Al) distribution among several cellular fractions was investigated in root tips of seedlings of one Al-resistant and one Al-sensitive family of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) grown in nutrient solution containing 100 M AlCl3 (pH 4) for 167 h....

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Stands of Loblolly and Slash Pine

Treesearch

Christopher A. Dicus; Thomas J. Dean

2002-01-01

Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency (NUE and PUE, respectively), the annual amount of stemwood produced per unit net N or P used in total aboveground production, were examined in 17-year-old pure stands of unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem.) planted at two spacings. Slash pine stands...

Eleven-year loblolly pine growth in respononse to site preparation and seedling type in North Louisiana

Treesearch

Michael A. Blazier; Terry R. Clason

2006-01-01

On a well-drained site in northwest Louisiana, effects of seedling type (container, bareroot) and herbicide site preparation (hexazinone, hexazinone + sulfometuron, imazapyr + metsulfuron) on loblolly pine growth and survival have been tested for 11 years. All possible combinations of these treatments were applied to loblolly pine planted at 302 trees acre-1, and these...

Effects of Shallow Water Tables on Height Growth and Phosphorus Uptake by Loblolly and Slash Pines

Treesearch

A.E. Tiarks; E. Shoulders

1982-01-01

In southern Mississippi, the heights of loblolly and slash pines at age 20 were positively correlated with the phosphorus content of the foliage and with depth in the soil to gray (chromas £2) mottles. Slash pine was taller than loblolly at equivalent levels of foliage phosphorus, but the rate of height increase as...

Constituent and induced tannin accumulations in roots of loblolly pines

Treesearch

Charles H. Walkinshaw

1999-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L [L.]) has become the most important source of wood fiber in the Southern United States. This tree is an excellent competitor and recovers well from a variety of adverse conditions. The author presents a histological study of tannin in pine roots to measure tannin abundance as a primary trait to evaluate root health at the...

Effects of Fertilization on the Vegetation Dynamics of Yougn Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Ryan McKnight; Eric Heitzman

2004-01-01

We examined growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and non-pine vegetation in three 4- to 6-year-old plantations in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana that were fertilized with varying rates of N and P. Two years after treatment, pine d.b.h. growth had generally increased with fertilization rate, with significant differences in Arkansas and...

Pine growth and plant community response to chemical vs. mechanical site preparation for establishing loblolly and slash pine

Treesearch

James H. Miller; Zhijuan Qiu

1995-01-01

Chemical and mechanical site preparation methods were studied for establishing loblolly (Pinus taeda L) and slash (P. elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) pine following both integrated fuelwood-pulpwood harvesting and conventional whole-tree harvesting of pines and hardwoods in southem Alabama's Middle Coastal...

Earlywood and latewood elastic properties in loblolly pine

Treesearch

Steven Cramer; David Kretschmann; Roderic Lakes; Troy Schmidt

2005-01-01

The elastic properties of earlywood and latewood and their variability were measured in 388 specimens from six loblolly pine trees in a commercial plantation. Properties measured included longitudinal modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, specific gravity, microfibril angle and presence of compression wood. Novel testing procedures were developed to measure properties...

Seasonal Photosynthesis in Fertilized and Nonfertilized Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Christopher M. Gough; John R. Seiler; Kurt H. Johnsen; David Arthur Sampson

2004-01-01

Net photosynthesis (Pn) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) foliage was monitored monthly in 14 yr old stands under near-ambient conditions over an entire year in upper and lower crowns and in both nonfertilized stands and stands receiving nutrient amendments for six consecutive years. Air temperature, humidity, vapor pressure...

Genetic and phenotypic variability for constitutive oleoresin flow in loblolly pine

Treesearch

James H. Roberds; Brian L. Strom; F.P. Hain

2003-01-01

In loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., flow of oleoresin at penetration sites is considered to be a major component of defense against attack by the southern pine beetle (SPB) Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Trees with copious amounts of constitutive or preformed oleoresin appear to be most able to prevent or impede colonization by this...

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Intercropping within Managed Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Does Not Affect Wild Bee Communities.

PubMed

Campbell, Joshua W; Miller, Darren A; Martin, James A

2016-11-04

Intensively-managed pine ( Pinus spp.) have been shown to support diverse vertebrate communities, but their ability to support invertebrate communities, such as wild bees, has not been well-studied. Recently, researchers have examined intercropping switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ), a native perennial, within intensively managed loblolly pine ( P. taeda ) plantations as a potential source for cellulosic biofuels. To better understand potential effects of intercropping on bee communities, we investigated visitation of bees within three replicates of four treatments of loblolly pine in Mississippi, U.S.A.: 3-4 year old pine plantations and 9-10 year old pine plantations with and without intercropped switchgrass. We used colored pan traps to capture bees during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014. We captured 2507 bees comprised of 18 different genera during the two-year study, with Lasioglossum and Ceratina being the most common genera captured. Overall, bee abundances were dependent on plantation age and not presence of intercropping. Our data suggests that switchgrass does not negatively impact or promote bee communities within intensively-managed loblolly pine plantations.

Influence of establishment timing and planting stock on early rotational growth of loblolly pine plantations in Texas

Treesearch

M. A. Blazier; E. L. Taylor; A. G. Holley

2010-01-01

Planting container seedlings, which have relatively fully formed root systems encased in a soil-filled plug, may improve loblolly pine plantation productivity by increasing early survival and growth relative to that of conventionally planted bareroot seedlings. Planting seedlings in fall may also confer productivity increases to loblolly pine plantations by giving...

Estimates of genetic parameters for oleoresin and growth traits in juvenile loblolly pine

Treesearch

James H. Roberds; Brian L. Strom; Fred P. Hain; David P. Gwaze; Steven E. McKeand; Larry H. Lott

2003-01-01

In southern pines of the United States, resistance to attack by southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is believed to principally involve flow of oleoresin to beetle attack sites. Both environmental and genetic factors are known to affect the quantity of oleoresin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., but little...

Performance of Loblolly Pine Seed Sources in Argentina

Treesearch

Timothy La Farge; Floyd E. Bridgwater; Mirta N. Baez

1999-01-01

Four test series of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated to determine the performance in northeastern Argentina of seed sources from three breeding populations in the southeastern United States. Three half-sib progeny tests of seed sources from Florida and Louisiana demonstrated strong genetic gains for height, dbh, and volume growth....

Is natural defense capacity correlated with allocation of dry mass to the stem in loblolly pine?

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; Michael C. Tyree; Michael A. Blazier; Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Lori G. Eckhardt

2016-01-01

In addition to selecting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes for superior growth, the concept of customized genetic selection may apply where tree vigor is threatened by insects and disease. A study conducted with seedlings from 15 loblolly pine genotypes found significant correlation between phenolic production and foliage mass when dry mass allocation to the...

Agroforestry planting design affects loblolly pine growth

Treesearch

D.M. Burner

2013-01-01

The effect of plantation design on resource utilization has not been adequately investigated in agroforestry plantations. An experiment was conducted near Booneville, AR, on a silt loam soil with a fragipan. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees were planted in 1994 in three designs: two rows (1.2 by 2.4 m) with a 7.3-m alley, four rows (1.2 by 2.4 m...

Tolerance of Loblolly Pines to Fusiform Rust

Treesearch

Charles H. Walkinshaw; James P. Barnett

1995-01-01

Loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that were 8 to 17 yr old tolerated one to three fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) galls in their stems.Families with four or more galls in their stems lost 2.5% or more of the trees by age 17.In living trees with less than four stem galls, diameter growth was comparable to...

High-resolution analysis of stem increment and sap flow for loblolly pine trees attacked by southern pine beetle

Treesearch

Stan D. Wullschleger; Samuel B. McLaughlin; Matthew P. Ayres

2004-01-01

Manual and automated dendrometers, and thermal dissipation probes were used to measure stem increment and sap flow for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) in east Tennessee, USA. Seasonal-long measurements with manual dendrometers indicated linear increases in stem...

Comparison of advanced genetic loblolly pine planting stock

Treesearch

R.J. Rousseau; S.D. Roberts; B.L. Herrin

2012-01-01

Forest landowners have several options when it comes to selecting planting stock for loblolly pine plantations. The majority of plantations established over the past two decades have been planted with 2nd-Generation open-pollinated (2nd-Gen) seedling stock. Today, landowners can increase their yields using more sophisticated planting stock such as Mass Control...

Decoding the massive genome of loblolly pine using haploid DNA and novel assembly strategies

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The size and complexity of conifer genomes has, until now, prevented full genome sequencing and assembly. The large research community and economic importance of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., made it an early candidate for reference sequence determination. Results We develop a novel strategy to sequence the genome of loblolly pine that combines unique aspects of pine reproductive biology and genome assembly methodology. We use a whole genome shotgun approach relying primarily on next generation sequence generated from a single haploid seed megagametophyte from a loblolly pine tree, 20-1010, that has been used in industrial forest tree breeding. The resulting sequence and assembly was used to generate a draft genome spanning 23.2 Gbp and containing 20.1 Gbp with an N50 scaffold size of 66.9 kbp, making it a significant improvement over available conifer genomes. The long scaffold lengths allow the annotation of 50,172 gene models with intron lengths averaging over 2.7 kbp and sometimes exceeding 100 kbp in length. Analysis of orthologous gene sets identifies gene families that may be unique to conifers. We further characterize and expand the existing repeat library based on the de novo analysis of the repetitive content, estimated to encompass 82% of the genome. Conclusions In addition to its value as a resource for researchers and breeders, the loblolly pine genome sequence and assembly reported here demonstrates a novel approach to sequencing the large and complex genomes of this important group of plants that can now be widely applied. PMID:24647006

Death of Root Tissues in Standing [Live] and Felled Loblolly Pines

Treesearch

Charles H. Walkinshaw

1999-01-01

Recycling tree root components is important in sustaining the productivity of southern pine forests. Death of outer cortical tissues and mortality of short roots is ubiquitous in conifers. Affected tissues lose their starch grains and accumulate secondary products, such as tannins. In this study, 10-year-old loblolly pine trees were cut at the soil surface and...

Simulating and sampling the hardwood component of loblolly pine plantations. In: Wensel, L.C.; Biging, G.S., tech

Treesearch

David Weise; G.R. Glover

1990-01-01

The hardwood component of young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations was simulated for use in a sampling study of competing vegetation. Spatial arrangement, total height, and crown area of hardwood rootstocks in 19 plantations 3 to 6 years old in Alabama and Georgia were used to develop the simulator. Rootstock arrangement ranged from uniform...

Management intensity and genetics affect loblolly pine seedling performance

Treesearch

Scott D. Roberts; Randall J. Rousseau; B. Landis Herrin

2012-01-01

Capturing potential genetic gains from tree improvement programs requires selection of the appropriate genetic stock and application of appropriate silvicultural management techniques. Limited information is available on how specific loblolly pine varietal genotypes perform under differing growing environments and management approaches. This study was established in...

Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on resource availability and their relationships with planted longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; G.Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Benjamin O. Knapp

2012-01-01

Throughout the southeastern United States, land managers are currently interested in converting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations to species rich longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. In a 3-year study on moderately well- to well-drained soils of the Lower Coastal Plain in North Carolina, we examined the...

Species comparison of the physical properties of loblolly and slash pine wood and bark

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Joseph Dahlen; Laurence Schimleck

2017-01-01

Composition of the southern pine forest is now predominated by two species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), owing to fire suppression activities, natural regeneration on abandoned agricultural lands, and extensive planting. Comparison of the wood and bark physical properties of these...

Patterns of saproxylic beetle succession in loblolly pine.

Treesearch

Michael Ulyshen; James Hanula

2010-01-01

Patterns of insect succession in dead wood remain unclear, particularly beyond the first several years of decay. In the present study, saproxylic beetles were sampled from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) logs aged between 1 month and 9 years old using both emergence traps attached to logs in the field and rearing bags in the laboratory.

Flail-Delimbing of Loblolly Pine - A Case Study

Treesearch

Bryce J. Stokes

1985-01-01

Flail-delimbing was tested in small-diameter loblolly pine. Most of the limbs left on the stems were less than 6 inches long. Over 75 percent of the delimbed stems had three or fewer remaining limbs. The cost was determined by comparing skidding-flailing with skidding only. The cost difference was approximately $6.00 per unit.

Management intensity and genetics affect loblolly pine crown characteristics

Treesearch

B. Landis Herrin; Scott D. Roberts; Randall J. Rousseau

2012-01-01

The development of elite loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) genotypes may lead to reduced planting densities as a means of reducing establishment costs. However, this can lead to undesirable crown and branch characteristics in some genotypes. Selecting appropriate genetic material, combined with appropriate silvicultural management, is essential to...

Allozyme diversity of selected and natural loblolly pine populations

Treesearch

Ronald C. Schmidtling; E. Carroll; T. LaFarge

1999-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) megagametophytes and embryos were examined electrophoretically to compare the extent and distribution of genetic variability in allozymes of selected and wild populations. Range-wide collections of three different types were investigated in this study. These consisted of seed sampled from (1) a provenance test...

Performance of loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine on a reclaimed surface mine as affected by Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae and fertilization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, R.F.; West, D.C.; McLaughlin, S.B.

1985-01-01

The effects of an induced Pisolithus tinctorius infection and broadcast fertilization were studied on the survival and growth of loblolly (Pinus taeda), Virginia (Pinus virginiana), and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) pine outplanted on a reclaimed east Tennessee coal surface mine site. The study site had been previously regraded and hydroseeded with a mixture of ground cover species. After six years, the survival and growth of loblolly pine with P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae were signficantly improved in comparison with control loblolly pine infected by other ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The response of the Virginia pine to the infection by P. tinctorius was negligible after fivemore » years. Fertilization at outplanting significantly reduced the survival of both loblolly and Virginia pine. Fertilization of the shortleaf pine at the start of the third growing season did not result in the drastic mortality exhibited by the loblolly pine, and to a lesser extent the Virginia pine, in response to fertilization at outplanting, but this treatment was still detrimental to the survival of the shortleaf pine after five years. There was a marginal improvement in the survival and growth of the shortleaf pine in response to the infection by P. tinctorius. The effect of fertilization on the growth of all three species was negligible, and the increase in mortality associated with this treatment appeared to be primarily the result of increased competition with the ground cover species. These results indicate that the magnitude of the response exhibited by pines on harsh sites to an ectomycorrhizal infection by P. tinctorius is species dependent. Also, broadcast fertilization is inefficient on surface-mined sites where a vegetative ground cover has been established. 11 refs., 3 tabs.« less

Influences of community composition on biogeochemistry of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) systems

Treesearch

B.G. Lockaby; J.H. Miller; R.G. Clawson

1995-01-01

Litterfall and decomposition processes were compared among four forest plantations that were dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) but that differed.in terms of presence or absence of deciduous and herbaceous components. Based on aboveground litterfall, the pine-only community was the most productive but had the slowest turnover of organic...

Effects of aerially applied glyphosate and hexazinone on hardwoods and pines in a loblolly pine plantation. Forest Service research paper

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haywood, J.D.

1993-09-01

Areas in a 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation were treated with aerially applied Roundup (glyphosate), Pronone 10G (hexazinone), and Velpar L (hexazinone) plus Lo Drift (a spray additive). All herbicides were applied with appropriate helicopter-mounted equipment. The proportion of free-to-grow pine trees increased over a 2-year period in both the treated and untreated areas, but the increase was slightly greater in the treated areas. Final loblolly pine height, d.b.h., and volume per tree did not differ significantly among the four treatments. About 1,200 hardwood trees and 4,700 shrubs over 3 ft tall per acre were present at themore » beginning of the study.« less

Sucrose metabolism and growth in transplanted loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; C.C. Black; Paul P. Kormanik

1993-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling height, root collar diameter, and the specific activities of three sucrose metabolizing enzymes, namely, sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase, and neutral invertase, were measured to assess seedling responses to transplant stress. It was concluded that i) SS was the dominant enzyme for sucrose metabolism in...

Effects of Lifting Method, Seedling Size, and Herbaceous Weed Control on First-Year Growth of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Jason P. Reynolds; Thomas A. Greene; John R. Britt

2002-01-01

In fall, 1999, an experiment was installed to measure the effects and interactions of lifting method, seedling size, and weed competition on growth of loblolly pine (P. teada) seedlings during the first two growing seasons. Loblolly pine seedlings grown at two bed densities and lifted either by hand or machine were planted in southwestern Georgia...

Soil incorporation of logging residue affects fine-root and mycorrhizal root-tip dynamics of young loblolly pine clones

Treesearch

Seth G. Pritchard; Chris A. Maier; Kurt H. Johnsen; Andrea J. Grabman; Anne P. Chalmers

2010-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations cover a large geographic area of the southeastern USA and supply a large proportion of the nation’s wood products. Research on management strategies designed to maximize wood production while also optimizing nutrient use efficiency and soil C sequestration is needed. We used minirhizotrons to quantify the effects of...

Water and Energy Balances of Loblolly Pine Plantation Forests during a Full Stand Rotation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, G.; Mitra, B.; Domec, J. C.; Gavazi, M.; Yang, Y.; Tian, S.; Zietlow, D.; McNulty, S.; King, J.; Noormets, A.

2017-12-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in the southern U.S. are well recognized for their ecosystem services in supplying clean and stable water and mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration and solar energy partitioning. Since 2004, we have monitored energy, water, and carbon fluxes in a chronosequence of three drained loblolly pine plantations using integrated methods that include eddy covariance, sap flux, watershed hydrometeorology, remote sensing, and process-based simulation modeling. Study sites were located on the eastern North Carolina coastal plain, representing highly productive ecosystems with high groundwater table, and designated in the Ameriflux network as NC1 (0-10 year old), NC2 (12-25 year old) and NC3 (0-3 years old). The 13-year study spanned a wide range of annual precipitation (900-1600 mm/yr) including two exceptionally dry years during 2007-2008. We found that the mature stand (NC2) had higher net radiation (Rn) flux due to its lower albedo (α =0.11-12), compared with the young stands (NC1, NC3) (α=0.15-0.18). Annually about 75%-80% of net radiation was converted to latent heat in the pine plantations. In general, the mature stand had higher latent heat flux (LE) (i.e. evapotranspiration (ET)) rates than the young stands, but ET rates were similar during wet years when the groundwater table was at or near the soil surface. During a historic drought period (i.e., 2007-2008), total stand annual ET exceeded precipitation, but decreased about 30% at NC2 when compared to a normal year (e.g., 2006). Field measurements and remote sensing-based modeling suggested that annual ET rates increased linearly from planting age (about 800 mm) to age 15 (about 1050 mm) and then stabilized as stand leaf area index leveled-off. Over a full stand rotation, approximately 70% (young stand) to 90% (mature stand) of precipitation was returned to the atmosphere through ET. We conclude that both climatic variability and canopy structure controlled the

Timber, Browse, and Herbage on Selected Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine-Hardwood Forest Stands

Treesearch

Gale L. Wolters; Alton Martin; Warren P. Clary

1977-01-01

A thorough vegetation inventory was made on loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood stands scheduled by forest industry for clearcutting, site preparation, and planting to pine in north central Louisiana and southern Arkansas. Overstory timber, on the average, contained about equal proportions of softwood and hardwood basal area. Browse plants ranged from 5,500 to over 70,...

Longleaf and loblolly pine seedlings respond differently to soil compaction, water content, and fertilization

Treesearch

D. Andrew Scott; James A. Burger

2014-01-01

Aims Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is being restored across the U.S. South for a multitude of ecological and economic reasons, but our understanding of longleaf pine’s response to soil physical conditions is poor. On the contrary, our understanding of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) root and...

Effects of the silvicultural intensity on the 4-years growth and leaf-level physiology of loblolly pine varieties

Treesearch

Marco Yanez; John Seiler; Thomas Fox

2015-01-01

The role that genetic improvement plays in the increase of productivity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the South has been recognized (McKeand and others 2003). Varietal forestry has the potential to improve the productivity and quality of loblolly pine stands, and higher genetic gains can be achieved in volume and stand uniformity (Zobel and Talbert 1984).

Biomass logistics analysis for large scale biofuel production: case study of loblolly pine and switchgrass.

PubMed

Lu, Xiaoming; Withers, Mitch R; Seifkar, Navid; Field, Randall P; Barrett, Steven R H; Herzog, Howard J

2015-05-01

The objective of this study was to assess the costs, energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the biomass supply chain for large scale biofuel production. Two types of energy crop were considered, switchgrass and loblolly pine, as representative of herbaceous and woody biomass. A biomass logistics model has been developed to estimate the feedstock supply system from biomass production through transportation. Biomass in the form of woodchip, bale and pellet was investigated with road, railway and waterway transportation options. Our analysis indicated that the farm or forest gate cost is lowest for loblolly pine whole tree woodchip at $39.7/dry tonne and highest for switchgrass round bale at $72.3/dry tonne. Switchgrass farm gate GHG emissions is approximately 146kgCO2e/dry tonne, about 4 times higher than loblolly pine. The optimum biomass transportation mode and delivered form are determined by the tradeoff between fixed and variable costs for feedstock shipment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact of Early Pruning and Thinning on Lumber Grade Yield From Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Alexander Clark; Mike Strub; Larry R. Anderson; H. Gwynne Lloyd; Richard F. Daniels; James H. Scarborough

2004-01-01

The Sudden Sawlog Study was established in 1954 near Crossett, AR, in a 9-year-old loblolly pine plantation to test the hypothesis that loblolly plantations can produce sawtimber in 30 years. To stimulate diameter and height growth and clear wood production, study plots were heavily thinned, trees pruned to 33 feet by age 24 years, under-story mowed, and growth of...

Sprouting of Slash, Loblolly, and Shortleaf Pines Following a Simulated Precommercial Thinning

Treesearch

T.E Campbell

1985-01-01

To prevent cut stumps of 4- to 7-year-old slash (Pinus elliotiii Engelm.) and loblolly (f. taeda L.) pines from resprouting, precommercial thinnings should be done in late summer at 6 inches or less above the groundline. For shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), late summer and 6 inches or less appears safe but should be delayed...

Specific gravity responses of slash and loblolly pine following mid-rotation fertilization

Treesearch

Kimberly R. Love-Myers; Alexander Clark III; Laurence R. Schimleck; Eric J. Jokela; Richard F. Daniels

2009-01-01

Wood quality attributes were examined in six stands of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the lower Coastal Plain of Georgia and Florida. Several plots comprised each stand, and each plot was divided so that it received three fertilizer treatments: a control treatment with herbaceous weed control at planting...

Seasonal and cumulative loblolly pine development under two stand density and fertility levels

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1992-01-01

An 8 year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand was subjected to two cultural treatments for examination of seasonal and cumulative pine development. In the first treatment, pine density was either reduced by removal cutting to 2% trees per acre, at a 12- by 124 spacing, or left uncut with an original density of 1,210 trees per acre at a 6- by 6-...

Relationships between climate, radial growth and wood properties of mature loblolly pine in Hawaii and a northern and southern site in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Lisa Samuelson; Thomas Eberhardt; Stan Bartkowiak; Kurt Johnsen

2013-01-01

Production rates of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in favorable exotic environments indicate that full biological expression of growth potential in loblolly pine has not yet been attained in its native range. In previous work, high productivity in a loblolly pine plantation in Hawaii (HI) was hypothesized to be related to a more favorable climate conducive to year...

Fertilization, weed control, and pine litter influence loblolly pine stem productivity and root development

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Allan E. Tiarks; Mary A. Sword

1997-01-01

Following site preparation, three cultural treatments and three open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families were studied on a gently sloping Beauregard silt loam in central Louisiana. The treatments were: (1) fertilization (either broadcast application of 177 kg N and 151 kg P/ha or none); (2) herbicide application (either broadcast...

Fertilization, weed control, and pine litter influence loblolly pine stem productivity and root development

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Allan E. Tiarks; Mark A. Sword

1997-01-01

Development of forest plantations may be delayed or yield expectations curtailed by interference from competing vegetation. Competing vegetation can be controlled with herbicides after crop trees are planted, but herbicide use in public and private loblolly pine plantations may face greater restrictions in the future. Fortunately, there are ways to manage competition...

Loblolly pine genetics verification test for private nonindustrial landowners

Treesearch

Jon E. Barry; Victor L. Ford; John L. Trauger

2015-01-01

Forest industry has invested in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genetics to improve growth, branching, and form. Until recently, superior families were destined for industry lands with little of this superior genetic material available for other landowners.Seedlings of superior families are now available to non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners at a greater...

Competition Impacts on Growth of Naturally Regenerated Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1988-01-01

Intrusive competition control was used for 3 years in a nuturally regenerated, even-aged stand of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Treatments included: no competition control, woody competition control, herbaceous competition control, and total control of nonpine vegetation...

Colonization Dynamics of Subcortical Insects on Forest Sites With Relatively Stressed and Unstressed Loblolly Pine Trees.

PubMed

Helbig, Christiane E; Coyle, David R; Klepzig, Kier D; Nowak, John T; Gandhi, Kamal J K

2016-08-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most important commercial tree species in the southeastern United States. Since the 1950s, there have been reports of loblolly pines showing reduced growth and increased mortality, particularly in central Alabama and western Georgia, United States; the phenomenon is termed as southern pine decline (SPD). Recently, the role of rhizophagous (root-feeding) insects in loblolly pine health within the context of SPD has come under greater scrutiny. We investigated the impacts of subcortical insects, particularly rhizophagous weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on loblolly pine health in northeastern Georgia. We created plots-representing a gradient of increased relative tree stress-from ungirdled trees, ungirdled trees baited with ethanol and turpentine (ungirdled-baited), and girdled trees. In total, 10,795 subcortical insects from four families (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, and Siricidae) and >82 species were trapped in two years. Almost half of the insects trapped (46% of individuals and 11% of species) were nonnative to North America. Insect captures in plots with girdled trees were 61 and 187% greater than those with ungirdled-baited and ungirdled trees, respectively. Tree treatment impacted captures of native, but not nonnative insects. Relative feeding area by the rhizophagous weevils Hylobius pales (Herbst) and Pachylobius picivorus (Germar) on pine twigs placed in pitfall traps was 1, 17, and 82% in plots with ungirdled, ungirdled-baited, and girdled trees, respectively. Hence, there was a strong association of native subcortical insects, especially rhizophagous weevils, with relatively highly stressed trees, confirming that they are secondary instead of primary pine colonizers. © The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Stock size affects early growth of a loblolly pine

Treesearch

David B. South; Al Lyons; Russ Pohl

2015-01-01

For decades, forest researchers in the South have known that early gains in survival and growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) can be achieved by planting large-diameter seedlings (South 1993; Wakeley 1949). For P. radiata, increasing size of planting stock also increases early growth of both seedlings (Mason and others 1996) and cuttings (South and others 2005)....

Systemic Activity of Birdrin® in Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Richard A. Werner; Danny L. Lyon

1970-01-01

Bioassay tests with pales weevils, Hylobius pales (Herbst), indicated that technical Bidrin® had a lox degree of systemic activity when applied as a soil drench around 2-year-old, potted loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., seedlings. The results of this experiment will probably preclude future testing of Bidrin® in the studies involving...

Risk Analysis of Loblolly Pine Controlled Mass Pollination Program

Treesearch

T.D. Byram; F.E. Bridgwater

1999-01-01

The economic success of controlled mass pollination (CMP) depends both upon the value of the genetic gain obtained and the cost per seed. Crossing the best six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) parents currently available in each deployment region of the Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program will produce seed with an average additional gain in mean...

Growth model for uneven-aged loblolly pine stands : simulations and management implications

Treesearch

C.-R. Lin; J. Buongiorno; Jeffrey P. Prestemon; K. E. Skog

1998-01-01

A density-dependent matrix growth model of uneven-aged loblolly pine stands was developed with data from 991 permanent plots in the southern United States. The model predicts the number of pine, soft hardwood, and hard hardwood trees in 13 diameter classes, based on equations for ingrowth, upgrowth, and mortality. Projections of 6 to 10 years agreed with the growth...

Characterization of Optimum Physiological Responses of Field-Grown Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Zhenmin Tang; Jim L. Chambers; James P. Barnett

1999-01-01

Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature (Ta), needle net photosynthesis (Pn), vapor pressure difference (VPD), stomata1 conductance (gw), transpiration (E), and predawn and daytime xylem pressure potentials (XPP) were measured in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in 1995 and 1996. Boundary-line analyses were conducted...

Hydrological Components of a Young Loblolly Pine Plantation on a Sandy Soil with Estimates of Water Use and Loss

Treesearch

Deborah A. Abrahamson; Phillip M. Dougherty; Stanley J. Zarnoch

1998-01-01

Fertilizer and irrigation treatments were applied in a 7- to l0-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a sandy soil near Laurinburg, North Carolina. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, and soil water content were measured throughout the study period. Monthly interception losses ranged from 4 to 15% of rainfall. Stemflow ranged from 0.2...

Effects of intensive silvicultural treatments on kraft pulp quality of loblolly and slash pine

Treesearch

Charles E. Courchene; Alexander Clark; Monique L. Belli; William Jason Cooper; Barry D. Shiver

2000-01-01

Intensive forest-management practices have been shown to greatly increase the growth rates of southern pines. A joint study was undertaken to evaluate the wood and pulp quality from fast-grown 14-year-old loblolly pine from the Piedmont and 17-year-old slash pine from the Coastal Plain. The properties were compared to 24-year-old plantation-grown controls. three sets...

Effects of various spacings on loblolly pine growth

Treesearch

W.E. Walmer; E.G. Owens; J.R. Jorgensen

1975-01-01

Four spacings of loblolly pine trees (6 by 6 ft, 8 by 8 ft, 10 by 10 ft, II by 12 ft) were studied for 15 years at the Calhoun Experlmental Forest ne.ar Union, South carolina. The two wider spacings at 15 years produced trees of greater height, larger diometer, and more sawtimber voll.tne while the two narrower spacings favored bds4l area growth and total cubfc volume...

Relationships among woody and herbaceous competition and loblolly pine through mid-rotation (COMP)

Treesearch

Jams H. Miller; B.R. Zutter; S.M Zedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

2002-01-01

To gain baseline data, this study examined loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations, across 13 southeastern sites, grown with near-complete control of woody and/or herbaceous competitors for the first 3-5 years. Data through 15 years was analyzed. Contrary to the wide spread assumption that hardwoods out compete pines, the hardwood proportion of...

Deriving biomass models for small-diameter loblolly pine on the Crossett Experimental Forest

Treesearch

K.M. McElligott; D.C. Bragg

2013-01-01

Foresters and landowners have a growing interest in carbon sequestration and cellulosic biofuels in southern pine forests, and hence need to be able to accurately predict them. To this end, we derived a set of aboveground biomass models using data from 62 small-diameter loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) sampled on the Crossett Experimental Forest in...

Effect of vegetative competition on the moisture and nutrient status of loblolly pine

Treesearch

G.A. Carter; J.H. Miller; D.E. Davis; R.M. Patterson

1984-01-01

A field study examined the effects of competing vegetation on the moisture and nutrient status of 5-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.). Similar experiments were conducted on a Piedmont site and a Coastal Plain site using individual pines as experimental units. Predawn measurements of xylem pressure potential were made using detached needle...

Unique Features of the Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Megagenome Revealed Through Sequence Annotation

PubMed Central

Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Liechty, John D.; Stevens, Kristian A.; Wu, Le-Shin; Loopstra, Carol A.; Vasquez-Gross, Hans A.; Dougherty, William M.; Lin, Brian Y.; Zieve, Jacob J.; Martínez-García, Pedro J.; Holt, Carson; Yandell, Mark; Zimin, Aleksey V.; Yorke, James A.; Crepeau, Marc W.; Puiu, Daniela; Salzberg, Steven L.; de Jong, Pieter J.; Mockaitis, Keithanne; Main, Doreen; Langley, Charles H.; Neale, David B.

2014-01-01

The largest genus in the conifer family Pinaceae is Pinus, with over 100 species. The size and complexity of their genomes (∼20–40 Gb, 2n = 24) have delayed the arrival of a well-annotated reference sequence. In this study, we present the annotation of the first whole-genome shotgun assembly of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which comprises 20.1 Gb of sequence. The MAKER-P annotation pipeline combined evidence-based alignments and ab initio predictions to generate 50,172 gene models, of which 15,653 are classified as high confidence. Clustering these gene models with 13 other plant species resulted in 20,646 gene families, of which 1554 are predicted to be unique to conifers. Among the conifer gene families, 159 are composed exclusively of loblolly pine members. The gene models for loblolly pine have the highest median and mean intron lengths of 24 fully sequenced plant genomes. Conifer genomes are full of repetitive DNA, with the most significant contributions from long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons. In depth analysis of the tandem and interspersed repetitive content yielded a combined estimate of 82%. PMID:24653211

Silviculture of varietal loblolly pine plantations: second year impacts of spacing and silvicultural treatments on varieties with differing crown ideotypes

Treesearch

Lance A. Vickers; Thomas R. Fox; Jose L. Stape; Timothy J. Albaugh

2012-01-01

A long-term study has been established to address the following objectives: 1) Evaluate the crown ideotype approach to clonal testing in loblolly pine; 2) Determine impacts of increasing genetic uniformity on growth and uniformity of loblolly pine plantations; 3) Compare growth response, carbon allocation patterns (above and below ground), and ecophysiological...

Controlling Herbaceous Competition in Pasture Planted with Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1995-01-01

Three treatments designed to control herbaceous vegetation competing with loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.) seedlings planted in grazed and ungrazed pasture were tested. Effects of the treatments on seedling survival and growth during the first 3 years after planting were determined. The treatments were directed application of herbicides (glyphosate in...

Bulked fusiform rust inocula and Fr gene interactions in loblolly pine

Treesearch

Fikret Isik; Henry Amerson; Saul Garcia; Ross Whetten; Steve. McKeand

2012-01-01

Fusiform rust disease in loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) pine plantations in the southern United States causes multi-million dollar annual losses. The disease is endemic to the region. The fusiform rust fungus (Cronartium quercuum sp.

Identification of a new retrotransposable element in loblolly pine

Treesearch

M.N. Islam-Faridi; A.M. Morse; K.E. Smith; J.M. Davis; S. Garcia; H.V. Amerson; M.A. Majid; T.L. Kubisiak; C.D. Nelson

2005-01-01

We initiated a project to locate the genomic position of fusiform rust resistance gene 1 (Fr1) in loblolly pine using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Four random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers previously found to be tightly linked to Fr1 were cloned and sequenced, providing a total coverage of about 2 Kb. In order to obtain discernible signal of...

Seed Treatment with Systemic Fungicides for the Control of Fusiform Rust in Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

John G. Mexal; Glenn A. Snow

1978-01-01

A new systemic fungicide, Bayleton, may economically control fusiform rust in southern pine nurseries. Stratified seeds of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were imbibed with Bayleton and two other systemic fungicides, and the seedlings were inoculated at three stages of emergence with spores of Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex...

Fresh and Stored Pollen From Slash and Loblolly Pines Compared For Seed Yields

Treesearch

John F. Kraus; Davie L. Hunt

1970-01-01

Seed yields showed no consistent differences between fresh and stored pollen from 8 years of controlled pollination on slash pine and 4 years on loblolly pine. Collection of male strobili at the proper stage of pollen maturity was an important factor in obtaining good seed yields from stored pollen. Criteria are described which were useful in determining when to...

Status of fusiform rust incidence in slash and loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

KaDonna C. Randolph

2016-01-01

Southern pine tree improvement programs have been in operation in the southeastern United States since the 1950s. Their goal has been to improve volume growth, tree form, disease resistance, and wood quality in southern pines, particularly slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda). The disease of focus has been...

Post-fertilization physiology and growth performance of loblolly pine clones

Treesearch

N.T. King; J.R. Seiler; T.R. Fox; KurtH Johnsen

2008-01-01

The physiological processes leading to enhanced growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) following fertilization are not clearly understood. Part of the debate revolves around the temporal response of net photosynthetic rate (An) to fertilization and whether the An response is always positive. We measured light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat), dark respiration...

Environmental sustainability of intercropping switchgrass in a loblolly pine forest

Treesearch

George Chescheir; Francois Birgand; Mohamed Youssef; Jami Nettles; Devendra Amatya

2016-01-01

A multi-institutional watershed study has been conducted since 2010 to quantify the environmental sustainability of planting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) between wide rows of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). The hypothesized advantage of this intercropping system is the production of biofuel feedstock to provide additional...

Loblolly Pine Responds to Mechanical Wounding with Increased Resin Flow

Treesearch

Jonathan J. Ruel; Matthew P. Ayres; Peter L. Lorio

1998-01-01

The oleoresin produced by many conifers has a deleterious effect on numerous associated herbivores, including bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and may have evolved as a plant defense mechanism. Three experiments with juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) used mechanical wounding to drain resin reserves and assess the effects of prior bark wounding on...

Reference karyotype and cytomolecular map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

M. Nurul Islam-faridi; C. Dana Nelson; Thomas L. Kubisiak

2007-01-01

A reference karyotype is presented for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L., subgenus Pinus , section Pinus, subsection Australes), based on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), using 18s-28s rDNA, 5s rDNA, and Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequence (A-type TRS). Well...

Soricid response to coarse woody debris manipulations in Coastal Plain loblolly pine forests.

Treesearch

Kurtis R. Moseley; Audrey K. Owens; Steven B. Castleberry; W. Mark Ford; John C. Kilgo; Timothy S. McCay

2009-01-01

We assessed shrew (soricids) response to coarse woody debris (CWD) manipulations in managed upland loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina over multiple years and...

Fertilization To Accelerate Loblolly Pine Foliage Growth For Erosion Control

Treesearch

Paul D. Duffy

1977-01-01

On the southern Coastal Plain, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) can be used to help control erosion because it produces abundant soil-protecting litter. The species requires several years to produce enough litter for adequate soil protection, but on loamy soils fertilization can reduce the time by a year or more. When five fertilizer combinations...

Belowground Processes in Nitrogen Fertilized Cottonwood and Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Kye-Han Lee; Shibu Jose

2004-01-01

We measured soil respiration, fine root biomass production, and microbial biomass along a fertilization gradient (0, 56, 112, and 224 kg N ha-1 per year) in 7-year-old cottonwood and loblolly pine plantations, established on a well-drained, Redbay sandy loam (a fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudlt), in northwest Florida. Annual soil...

Nonlinear programming models to optimize uneven-aged loblolly pine management

Treesearch

Benedict J. Schulte; Joseph. Buongiorno; Kenneth Skog

1999-01-01

Nonlinear programming models of uneven-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) management were developed to identify sustainable management regimes which optimize: 1) soil expectation value (SEV), 2) tree diversity, or 3) annual sawtimber yields. The models use the equations of SouthPro, a site- and density-dependent, multi-species matrix growth and yield model that...

Early effects of spacing on loblolly pine in Hawaii

Treesearch

Craig D. Whitesell

1970-01-01

The optimum interval at which to plant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is being studied on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Four spacings are being tried: 6, 8, 10, and 12 feet. Measurements of trial plots in 1968-7 years after plots were set up-show that (a) survival rate exceeded 95 percent; (b) height growth averaged about 30 feet in all spacings; (c)...

Controlling herbaceous competition in pasture planted with loblolly pine seedlings. Forest Service research note

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haywood, J.D.

1995-09-01

Three treatments designed to control herbaceous vegetation competing with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings planted in grazed and ungrazed pasture were tested. Effects of the treatments on seedling survival and growth during the first 3 years after planting were determined. The treatments were directed application of herbicides (glyphosate in the first 2 years and hexazinone in the third year), rotary mowing, and mulching with pine straw around individual pine seedlings.

Use of a generalized sigmoid growth function to predict site index for unmanaged loblolly and slash pine plantations in East Texas

Treesearch

Dean W. Coble; Young-Jin Lee

2006-01-01

A generalized sigmoid growth function was used in this study to model site index (SI) for unmanaged or lowintensity managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii, Engelm.) plantations in east Texas. Schnute's growth function was fit to 11,367 and 5,040 height-age observations of loblolly and slash...

Laccase modification of the physical properties of bark and pulp of loblolly pine and spruce pulp

Treesearch

William Kenealy; John Klungness; Mandla Tshabalala; Eric Horn; Masood Akhtar; Roland Gleisner; Gisela Buschle-Diller

2004-01-01

Pine bark, pine pulp, and spruce pulp were reacted with laccase in the presence of phenolic laccase substrates to modify the fiber surface properties. The acid-base and dispersive characteristics of these modified steam-treated thermomechanical loblolly pine pulps were determined by inverse gas chromatography. Different combinations of substrates with laccase modified...

Effects of temperature and tissue nitrogen on dormant season stem and branch maintenance respiration in a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation

Treesearch

Chris A. Maier; Stanley J. Zarnoch; P.M. Dougherty

1998-01-01

Summary We measured dormant season (November through February) maintenance respiration rates (Rm) in stems and branches of 9-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing in plots under conditions of controlled nutrient and water supply in an effort to determine the relationships between Rm...

Defoliation effects on growth and mortality of three young southern pine species

Treesearch

David R. Weise; Dale D. Wade; Ragnar W. Johansen; Haiganoush K. Preisler; David C. Combs; Edward E. Ach

2016-01-01

Foliage from loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (P. elliottii Engelm.), and longleaf (P. palustris Mill.) pines was hand plucked to isolate the effects of level and timing of foliage removal on growth and mortality. Slash and loblolly pine received one of five defoliation treatments during one of four months...

Family Differences Influence the Aboveground Biomass of Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

P.E. Pope; D.L. Graney

1979-01-01

We compared the aboveground biomass of 4 half-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) 11 years after planting. Total dry weights differed significantly among families in plantations on the same soil type with the same site index. Differences in biomass resulted from differences in stem form and branch size. Distribution of growth -the proportion of tree weight...

Estimating annual growth losses from drought in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Ralph L. Amateis; Harold E. Burkhart; Daniel Waiswa

2013-01-01

Growth data over the past 10 years from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established across the natural range of the species were linked with annual rainfall data over the same period to evaluate the impact of drought on stand growth. Regression procedures were used to determine (1) whether dominant height growth or basal area growth or...

Soil and Foliar Guidelines for Phosphorus Fertilization of Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Carol G. Wells; D.M. Crutchfield; N.M. Berenyi; C.B. Davey

1973-01-01

Several established studies of phosphorus fertilization in 3-year-old plantations of loblolly pine were measured for tree height and sampled for soil tests and needle analysis in order to relate soil and needle content to response to fertilization. Soil tests with the extractant adopted by the North Carolina Soil Testing Laboratories and percentage of P in needles were...

Density and Age Affect Performance of Containerized Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1980-01-01

Loblolly pine seedlings were grown in 1 x 5 inch biodegradable plastic tubes for 10, 12, and 14 weeks at densities of 42, 84, 126, and 168 per square foot. Seedling density and age significantly affected seedling development at time of outplanting, and density became more important as greenhouse growing times increased. All morphological characteristics measured when...

On the origin of fusiform rust resistance in loblolly pine

Treesearch

R.C. Schmidtling; C.D. Nelson; T.L. Kubisiak

2005-01-01

Studies of geographic variation in loblolly pine have shown that seed sources from the western (generally west of the Mississippi River) and the northeastern part of the natural distribution are relatively resistant to fusiform rust disease, while those from elsewhere are more susceptible. The greatest problem with rust infection, on the other hand, is in the center of...

Forage production after thinning a natural loblolly pine-hardwoocl stand to clifferent basal areas

Treesearch

David G. Peitz; Michael G. Shelton; Philip A. Tappe

2001-01-01

Mixed pine (Pinus spp.)-hardwood forests are common in the southern United States (U.S.), but little quantitative information exists on the response of understory forage to reductions in basal area from thinning. We determined understory forage characteristics before thinning and 2 and 4 years after thinning a 35-year-old natural loblolly pine (

Shading reduces growth of longleaf and loblolly pine seedlings in containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1989-01-01

Development of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly (P. taeda L.) pine seediings growing under three light conditions--full sunlight, 30% shade, and 50% shade--was evaluated. Although there was little difference between development of seedlings in 30% and 50% shade, those grown is full sunlight were signiticantly larger...

Synthesis of knowledge of hazardous fuels management in loblolly pine forests

Treesearch

Douglas J. Marshall; Michael Wimberly; Bettinger Pete; John Stanturf

2008-01-01

This synthesis provides an overview of hazardous fuels management in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests, as well as a reference guide on prescribed burning and alternative fuel management treatments. Available information is presented on treatment feasibility, approximate costs, and effects on soil, water quality, and wildlife. The objectives of...

A Southwide Rate Test of Azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) for Cone and Seed Insect Control In Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards

Treesearch

A.C. Mangini; L.R. Barber; R.S. Cameron; G.L. DeBarr; G.R. Hodge; J.B. Jett; W.L. Lowe; J.L. McConnell; J. Nord; J.W. Taylor

1998-01-01

A southwide efficiency test of reduced rates of azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) for control of seed and cone insects in loblolly pine seed orchards was conducted in 1992. In each of nine loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchards, an untreated (no protection) check and two of five possible rates of Guthion® (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 lb ai/ac/...

Cellular response of loblolly pine to wound inoculation with bark beetle-associated fungi and chitosan

Treesearch

Kier D. Klepzig; Charles H. Walkinshaw

2003-01-01

We inoculated loblolly pines with bark beetle-associated fungi and a fungal cell wall component, chitosan, known to induce responses in some pines and many other plants. Trees in Florida were inoculated with Leptographium procerum, L. terebrantis, Ophiostoma minus, or chitosan. Trees in Louisiana were inoculated with O. minus,...

Eleventh-year results of fertilization, herbaceous, and woody plant control in a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Allan E. Tiarks

1990-01-01

Through 11 years, fertilization at planting significantly increased the stemwood volume (outside bark) per loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on an intensively prepared moderately well-drained fine sandy loam site in northern Louisiana. Four years of herbaceous plant control significantly increased pine survival, and because herbaceous plant control...

Uneven-Aged Silviculture for the Loblolly and Shortleaf Pine Forest Cover Types

Treesearch

James B. Baker; Michael D. Cain; James M. Guldin; Paul A. Murphy; Michael G. Shelton

1996-01-01

The results of a half-century of experience and research with uneven-aged silviculture within the loblolly-shortleaf pine type of the Southern United States are summarized, and silvicultural guidelines for developing and managing uneven-aged stands are provided in this publication.

Mixtures For Weed Control in Newly Planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

J.L. Michael

1987-01-01

Imazapyr, metsulfuron methyl, imazapyr plus metsulfuron methyl, and hexazinone plus metsulfuron methyl were aerially applied over newly planted and 1-year-old loblolly pine seedlings for the control of blackberry (Rubus species), composites (Compositae), sumac (Rhus copallina L.), and trumpet vine [Campsis radicans...

Ice damage in loblolly pine: understanding the factors that influence susceptibility

Treesearch

Doug P. Aubrey; Mark D. Coleman; David R. Coyle

2007-01-01

Winter ice storms frequently occur in the southeastern United States and can severely damage softwood plantations. In January 2004, a severe storm deposited approximately 2 cm of ice on an intensively managed 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in South Carolina. Existing irrigation and fertilization treatments presented an...

Stochastic Price Models and Optimal Tree Cutting: Results for Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Robert G. Haight; Thomas P. Holmes

1991-01-01

An empirical investigation of stumpage price models and optimal harvest policies is conducted for loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. The stationarity of monthly and quarterly series of sawtimber prices is analyzed using a unit root test. The statistical evidence supports stationary autoregressive models for the monthly series and for the...

Relationship between tillage intensity and initial growth of loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

M. Chad Lincoln; Rodney E. Will; Emily A. Carter; John R. Britt; Lawrence A. Morris

2006-01-01

To determine the relationship between changes in soil attributes associated with differing tillage intensities and growth of loblolly pine seedlings, we measured soil moisture, nitrogen (N) availability, and soil strength across a range of tillage treatments on an Orangeburg soil series near Cuthbert, GA (four replications). We then correlated these measurements to the...

Prescribed fire effects on structure in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; T. Bently Wigley; Derik J. Reed

1998-01-01

Structure was assessed in uneven-aged stands of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata) that were subjected to prescribed winter burns on cycles of 0, 3, 6, and 9 years. Vegetation assessments were made in late summer of 1990, 10 years after a single hardwood control treatment (basal injection of non-pine woody plants >2.5 cm in groundline diameter...

Impact of industrial source on the chemical composition of loblolly pine

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt

2012-01-01

The chemical compositions of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) bark samples from two industrial sources were determined for whole bark as well as the inner and outer bark components. Differences in extractive contents of the whole bark samples were primarily attributed to the different debarking methods which afforded different proportions of inner and outer bark....

Root system structure in planted and seeded loblolly and shortleaf pine

Treesearch

Constance A. Harrington; John C. Brissette; William C. Carlson

1989-01-01

Differences in root system structure attributable to stand origin were examined by pairing seeded and planted stands of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.). The 17 paired stands were 3 to 9 years old and located in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas on similar soil and site conditions. Root systems from 12...

An overview of silvicultural influences on loblolly pine veneer-basedpanel properties

Treesearch

Todd F. Shupe; Chung Y. Hse; Elvin T. Choong

1999-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) harvested from five silviculturally different stands was used to manufacture 13-ply laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and 3-ply plywood. LVL panels were assembled as either all A-grade or all C-grade veneer. Plywood panels were produced according to four different veneer grade layups (AAA, ACA, ACC, and...

Enzymatic hydrolysis of loblolly pine: effects of cellulose crystallinity and delignification

Treesearch

Umesh P. Agarwal; J.Y. Zhu; Sally A. Ralph

2013-01-01

Hydrolysis experiments with commercial cellulases have been performed to understand the effects of cell wall crystallinity and lignin on the process. In the focus of the paper are loblolly pine wood samples, which were systematically delignified and partly ball-milled, and, for comparison, Whatman CC31 cellulose samples with different crystallinities. In pure cellulose...

Planting nonlocal seed sources of loblolly pine - managing benefits and risks

Treesearch

Clem Lambeth; Steve Mckeand; Randy Rousseau; Ron Schmidtling

2005-01-01

Seed source testing of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), which began in the 1920s, has allowed large realized genetic gains from using nonlocal seed sources in operational plantations. Seed source testing continues, and deployment guidlines are being refined. some general effects of seed source movement can be described, but there are still gaps in (1)...

Thirteen Year Loblolly Pine Growth Following Machine Application of Cut-Stump Treament Herbicides For Hardwood Stump-Sprout Control

Treesearch

Clyde G. Vidrine; John C. Adams

2002-01-01

Thirteen year growth results of 1-0 out-planted loblolly pine seedlings on nonintensively prepared up-land mixed pine-hardwood sites receiving machine applied cut-stump treatment (CST) herbicides onto hardwood stumps at the time of harvesting is presented. Plantation pine growth shows significantly higher growth for pine in the CST treated plots compared to non-CST...

Self-referencing site index equations for unmanaged loblolly and slash pine plantations in east Texas

Treesearch

Dean W. Coble; Young-Jin Lee

2010-01-01

The Schnute growth function was used in this study to model site index for unmanaged or low-intensity managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii, Engelm.) plantations in east Texas. The algebraic difference approach was used to derive an anamorphic base-age invariant site function that was fit as a...

Evaluation of a tracked feller-buncher harvesting plantation loblolly pine

Treesearch

John Klepac; Dana Mitchell

2017-01-01

A Tigercat 845D3 swing-to-tree tracked feller-buncher was evaluated while operating on four sites located in Butler, Covington, Crenshaw, and Monroe counties in south Alabama. Study sites were comprised of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and ranged in age from 14 to 16 years with a mean tree size of 6.2 to 7.6 inches at Diameter Breast Height (DBH). The feller-buncher...

Singly applied herbicides for site preparation and release of loblolly pine in central Georgia

Treesearch

James H. Miller; M. Boyd Edwards

1995-01-01

Abstract.Separate studies were installed to evaluate site-preparation and release herbicide treatments for loblolly pine.(Pinus taeda L.).Tests were at four locations each on the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of central Georgia.

Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology

Treesearch

C.M. Gough; J.R. Seiler; Chris A. Maier

2004-01-01

Fertilization commonly increases biomass production in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). However, the sequence of short-term physiological adjustments allowing for the establishment of leaf area and enhanced growth is not well understood. The effects of fertilization on photosynthetic parameters, root respiration, and growth for over 200 d following...

Seasonal Dynamics in Leaf Area Index in Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington; Jason A. Gatch; Bruce E. Borders

2002-01-01

Leaf area index (LAI; leaf area per ground area) was measured monthly or bimonthly for two years (March 1999 to February 2001) with the LAI-2000 in intensively managed plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) at Eatonton and Waycross GA. Since establishment of the three age classes at each site, the stands have received combinations of complete...

Modeling corewood-outerwood transition in loblolly pine using wood specific gravity

Treesearch

Christian R. Mora; H. Lee Allen; Richard F. Daniels; Alexander Clark

2007-01-01

A modified logistic function was used for modeling specific-gravity profiles obtained from X-ray densitometry analysis in 675 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees in four regeneration trials. Trees were 21 or 22 years old at the time of the study. The function was used for demarcating corewood, transitional, and outerwood zones. Site and silvicultural effects were...

Quantifying the coarse-root biomass of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Ashley T. Miller; H. Lee Allen; Chris A. Maier

2006-01-01

Most of the carbon accumulation during a forest rotation is in plant biomass and the forest floor. Most of the belowground biomass in older loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests is in coarse roots, and coarse roots persist longer after harvest than aboveground biomass and fine roots. The main objective was to assess the carbon accumulation in coarse...

Quantifying the coarse-root biomass of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Ashley T. Miller; H. Lee Allen; Chris A. Maier

2006-01-01

Most of the carbon accumulation during a forest rotation is in plant biomass and the forest floor. Most of the belowground biomass in older loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests is in coarse roots, and coarse roots ersist longer after harvest than aboveground biomass and fine oots. The main objective was to assess the carbon accumulation in coarse...

Factors influencing loblolly pine stand health in Fort Benning, Georgia, USA

Treesearch

Soung Ryoul Ryu; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

Loblolly pine (LBP; Pinus taeda L.) stands provide two-thirds of the existing federally protected red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW; Picoides borealis) habitat in Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. However, LBP in this area is suspected to face a forest decline issue, which may risk the sustainability of the RCW population. Land managers are attempting to convert LBP stands to...

Episodic growth and relative shoot:root balance in loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

A.P. Drew; F. Thomas Ledig

1980-01-01

Leaf, root and stem systems of loblolly pine seedlings are characterized by a seasonal periodicity in growth, during which they alternate in spurts of activity. Despite this periodicity, the allometric coefficient describing the ratio of the relative growth rates of leaf to root remains constant for at least the first two years of development. In part, constancy...

Bark yields of 11-year-old loblolly pine as influenced by competition control and fertilization

Treesearch

Allan E. Tiarks; James D. Haywood

1992-01-01

Bolts cut from 11-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) were measured to determine the effects of applications of fertilizer and competition control treatments on the amount of pine bark produced. Bark thickness at breast height was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. Regression analysis showed that the dry weight of bark per unit...

Yield comparisons from even-aged and uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands

Treesearch

James M. Guldin; James B. Baker

1988-01-01

Empirical yields for a 36-year management period are presented for seven long-term studies on similar sites in loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.-P. echinata Mill.) stands on the upper southern coastal plain of southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. Total merchantable cubic-fooy yields are highest for conventionally...

Assessing potential genetic gains from varietal planting stock in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Scott D. Roberts; Randall J. Rousseau; B. Landis Herrin

2013-01-01

Forest landowners have increasingly more options when it comes to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planting stock. The majority of plantations in recent decades have been established with seedlings produced from second-generation open-pollinated (second-Gen OP) seed. However, foresters have begun recognizing the increased gains obtainable from full-sib...

Comparison of four harvesting systems in a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

J. Klepac; Dana Mitchell

2016-01-01

Felling and skidding operations were monitored while clearcut harvesting a 12-acre area of a 14-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation. The study area contained 465 trees per acre for trees 2.0 inches Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and larger with a Quadratic Mean Diameter (QMD) of 7.26 inches. Two feller-bunchers (tracked and rubber-tired) and two skidders (...

Results 18 years after planting loblolly pines at different spacings

Treesearch

S. Little; H. A. Somes

1958-01-01

In 1939 a test of four spacings in planting loblolly pine seedlings was begun in an abandoned field on Maryland's Eastern Shore. The spacings were 4, 5.7, 8, and 11.3 feet between trees; each spacing was replicated on four 100-footsquare plots. In the 4- and 8-foot spacings, rows and trees within rows were 4 or 8 feet apart, with trees opposite in adjoining rows....

Soil CO2 efflux in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on the virginia Piedmond and South Carolina coastal plain over a rotation-length chronosequence

Treesearch

Christopher M. Gough; John R. Seiler; P. Eric Wiseman; Christopher A. Maier

2005-01-01

We measured soil surface CO2 efflux (Fx) in loblolly pine stands (Pinus taeda L.) located on the Virginia Piedmont (VA) and South Carolina Coastal Plain (SC) in efforts to assess the impact climate, productivity, and cultural practices have on Fs in the managed loblolly pine...

Ice damage effects on thinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in southeastern Oklahoma

Treesearch

Thomas Hennessey; Robert Heinemann; Randal Holeman; Rodney Will; Thomas Lynch; Douglas Stevenson; Edward Lorenzi; Giulia Caterina

2012-01-01

Loblolly pine plantations in southeastern Oklahoma and Arkansas are periodically subjected to damaging ice storms. Following one such event, damage to a 25-year-old, previously thinned stand was assessed and quantitative relationships were developed to guide stand management in ice storm-prone areas.

Efficacy of 4-allylanisole-based products for protecting individual loblolly pines from Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Treesearch

Brian L. Strom; S.R. Clarke; P.J. Shea

2004-01-01

Abstract: We evaluated the effectiveness of 4-allylanisole (4AA) as a protective treatment for loblolly pines threatened by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Three products were evaluated in combination with two methods that promoted attack of trees by D. frontalis. One method used...

Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands - IV. Natural and Planted Seedling/Sapling Stands

Treesearch

James B. Baker; Michael G. Shelton

1998-01-01

A 3- to 6 yr-old naturally regenerated, even-aged loblollypine (Pinus taeda L.) stand and a 5- yr-old loblolly pine plantation on good sites (SIbb = 85 to 90 ft at 50 yr ) were cut to density levels of 50, 90, 180,270, and 360 seedlings and/or saplings/ac. Two pine release treatments (none and individual tree release with a herbicide) were applied to the natural stand...

Weight and Volume Determination for Planted Loblolly Pine in North Louisiana

Treesearch

Ray A. Newbold; V. Clark Baldwin; Gary Hill

2001-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess the variability in weight-to-volume relationships in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations and to determine predictability based on stand age, site quality, and/or tree size. Trees ages ranged from 11 to 40 years, with diameters to 2 1 inches and heights to 9 1 feet. Measured site indices ranged from 45...

Loblolly pine cutting morphological traits: effects on rooting and field performance

Treesearch

G. Sam Foster; H.E. Stelzer; J.B. McRae

2000-01-01

Shoot cuttings were harvested from 4-year-old loblolly pine hedges in March and September of 1987, and placed into a series of factorial combinations of cutting length, diameter class, and the presence/absence of a terminal bud to assess effects on rooting and field performance. Average rooting in the March trial was 50 percent and only 20 percent for the September...

Mechanical properties of stemwood and limbwood of seed orchard loblolly pine

Treesearch

R. H. McAlister; H. R. Powers; W. D. Pepper

2000-01-01

Tests were made on micro-bending specimens prepared from stem and limb sections of 11 rust-resistant loblolly pines from a central Georgia seed orchard. A fair correlation (|r| = 0.45 to 0.55) emerged between the stemwood and limbwood modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stemwood and limbwood modulus ofrupture (MOR) values. An excellent correlation (|r| = 0.8 to 0.9)...

Managing Leaf Area for Maximum Volume Production in a Loblolly Pine Plantation

Treesearch

Shufang Yu; Quang V. Cao; Jim L. Chambers; Zhenmin Tang; James D. Haywood

1999-01-01

To manage loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands for maximum volume growth, the relationships between volume growth and leaf area at the tree and stand level under different cultural practices (thinning and fertilization) were examined. Forty-eight trees were harvested in 1995, six years after treatment, for individual tree measurements, and 336...

Selection of loblolly pine varieties resistant to fusiform rust for commercial deployment

Treesearch

Andy Benowicz; Robert J. Weir

2012-01-01

Benowicz, Andy; Weir, Robert J. 2013. Selection of loblolly pine varieties resistant to fusiform rust for commercial deployment . In: Sniezko, Richard A.; Yanchuk, Alvin D.; Kliejunas, John T.; Palmieri, Katharine M.; Alexander, Janice M.; Frankel, Susan J., tech. coords. Proceedings of the fourth international workshop on the genetics of host-parasite interactions in...

Early plant succession in loblolly pine plantations as affected by vegetation management

Treesearch

James H. Miller; B.R. Zutter; S.M. Zedaker; M. Boyd Edwards; Ray A. Newbold

1995-01-01

A common study design has been used at 13 locations across the South to examine loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established using four vegetation control treatments after mechanical site preparation: (a) No Control, (b) Woody Control, (c) Herbaceous Controlfor 4 yr, and (d) Total Control. This research, the Competition Omission Monitoring...

Recovery of l-year-old loblolly pine seedlings from simulated browse damage

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Michael D. Cain

2002-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings are frequently browsed by a wide variety of animals during the first few years of their development. Although anecdotal observations indicate that the potential for seedling recovery is good, there is little quantitative information on the factors affecting the recovery process. Thus, we conducted a study to...

Seasonal ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass development on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; L.M. White; D.H. Marx; W.J. Otrosina

1995-01-01

Ergosterol, a membrane sterol found in fungi but not in plants, was used to estimate live mycelia biomass in ectomycorrhizae. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were sown in April 1993 and grown with standard nursery culture ractices. Correlations between total seedling ergosterol and visual assessment of mycorrhizal colonization were high during...

Growth expectations from alternative thinning regimes and prescribed burning in naturally regenerated loblolly-shortleaf pine stands through age 20

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1996-01-01

Pine growth was monitored for 14 years after mechanically strip-thinning a dense, naturally regenerated, even-aged stand of 6-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata Mill.) that averaged 41 000 trees per hectare in southeastern Arkansas, USA. Prescribed winter bums were conducted...

Environment and ontogeny modify loblolly pine response to induced acute water deficits and bark beetle attack

Treesearch

Peter L. Lorio; Frederick M. Stephen; Timothy D. Paine

1995-01-01

We evaluated the impact of tree resistance on within-tree population dynamics of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., as affected by prevailing water regimes, acute water deficits imposed by applying dry-ice (solid CO2) collars to tree boles, and by the seasonal ontogeny of...

Throughfall reduction and nutrient availability effects on carbon balance in loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bracho, R. G.; Vogel, J.; Jokela, E. J.; Cucinella, J.; Noormets, A.; Laviner, M. A.; Gonzalez-Benecke, C. A.; Samuelson, L. J.; Markewitz, D.; Will, R.; Meek, C.; Seiler, J.; Strahm, B. D.; McElligott, K.; Martin, T.

2016-12-01

Planted loblolly pine covers over 11 million hectares in the southeastern United States. Occurring across a range of climatic conditions, these pine plantations are critical for the regional economy and offset a significant fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Loblolly pine productivity has been enhanced through genetic improvement and intensive silviculture. However, climate projections forecast higher air temperature and more variable precipitation patterns for the region. A critical question is how silvicultural practices will interact with projected climate change to affect loblolly pine carbon balance. A fertilization by throughfall reduction experiment was established in the spring of 2012 at four loblolly pine plantations at the margins of the natural range of the specie (Florida FL, Georgia GA, Oklahoma OK and Virginia VA). Net primary productivity (NPP) was estimated from repeated tree inventories and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) as the difference between NPP and heterotrophic respiration (RH). Soil respiration (RS) and RH were measured simultaneously several times during the experiment. Throughfall reduction significantly decreased surface soil water content at all sites. After four years of treatment, fertilization increased NPP at all sites and throughfall reduction had a negative effect on NPP at the GA and OK sites. The combination fertilization x throughfall reduction did not have a significant effect on NPP. RS and RH were, in general negatively affected by fertilization and throughfall reduction with differential responses between sites, leading to significant NEP increases under fertilization, while throughfall reduction increased NEP at FL and VA due to no effect on NPP and negative effect on RS. Fertilization offset the negative effect of throughfall reduction on NEP in the fertilization x throughfall reduction treatment. All sites were significant carbon sinks, accumulating from 3.5 to 24 Mg C ha-1 in a 3 year period under a range of

Irrigation, fertilization and initial substrate quality effects on decomposing Loblolly pine litter chemistry

Treesearch

Felipe G. Sanchez

2004-01-01

Changes in carbon chemistry (i.e., carbon compound classes such as aromatics, phenolics, etc.) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) litter were examined during three years of decomposition under factorial combinations of irrigation and fertilization treatments. Cross polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance...

GPP in Loblolly Pine: A Monthly Comparison of Empirical and Process Models

Treesearch

Christopher Gough; John Seiler; Kurt Johnsen; David Arthur Sampson

2002-01-01

Monthly and yearly gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates derived from an empirical and two process based models (3PG and BIOMASS) were compared. Spatial and temporal variation in foliar gas photosynthesis was examined and used to develop GPP prediction models for fertilized nine-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the North...

The Relation of Growth to Stand Density in Natural Loblolly Pine Stands

Treesearch

K.F. Wenger; T.C. Evans; T. Lotti; R.W. Cooper; E.V. Brender

1958-01-01

This is a progress report of a regional study on growing-space requirements for natural stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.).A primary objective is to measure the effects of residual stand density, obtained naturally or by cutting, during intermediate ages, upon volume yield and total production. By imposing real values and costs upon...

Herbicide comparions for mid-rotation competition release in loblolly and slash pine

Treesearch

Alan B. Wilson; William N. Kline; Barry D. Shiver

2006-01-01

In October, 2002, different combinations of herbicides (Arsenal®, Chopper®, and Forestry Garlon® 4) were applied with a tank-mounted skidder, in an experiment to evaluate their effectiveness for controlling competing vegetation in the understory of a 16-year-old loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.)...

Ten-year growth comparison between rooted cuttings and seedlings of loblolly pine

Treesearch

H.E. Stelzer; G. Sam Foster; D.V. Shaw; J.B. McRae

1997-01-01

Rooted cuttings and seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were established in a central Alabama field trial. Five, full-sib families, with an average number of six clones per family, were evaluated. Mean cutting/seedling height ratios revealed that despite initial differences in size, relative growth rates of both propagule types stabilized and...

Importance of Coarse Woody Debris to Avian Communities in Loblolly Pine Forests

Treesearch

Steven M Lohr; Sidney A. Gauthreaux; John C. Kilgo

2002-01-01

To investigate the importance of standing (snags) aud down course woody debris (DCWD)) to bird communities in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests, we compared breeding (1997-1999) und nonbreeding (1997- 1998, 1998-1999) responses of birds among two course woody debris (CWD) removal and control treatments. In each of four blocks, we estahblished four...

Harvest intensity and competition control impacts on loblolly pine fusiform rust incidence

Treesearch

Robert J. Eaton; Paula Spaine; Felipe G. Sanchez

2006-01-01

The Long Term Soil Productivity experiment tests the effects of soil compaction, surface organic matter removal, and understory control on net primary productivity. An unintended consequence of these treatments may be an effect on the incidence of fusiform rust [Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miy. ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Burdsall et Snow]. Loblolly pine (Pinus...

Fertilization but not irrigation influences hydraulic traits in plantation-grown loblolly pine

Treesearch

Lisa J. Samuelson; Marianne G. Farris; Tom A. Stokes; Mark D. Coleman

2008-01-01

The goal of the study was to explore hydraulic traits in a 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation to better understand plasticity of this species to resource availability. The influence of a factorial combination of irrigation (130 mm year-1 versus 494 mm year-1) and fertilization (0 kg N ha...

Interactions of Hylastes Species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with Leptographium Species Associated with Loblolly Pine Decline

Treesearch

Lori G. Eckhardt; Richard A. Goyer; Kier Klepzig; John P. Jones

2004-01-01

Abstract Hylastes spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)were evaluated as potential vectors of Leptographium spp. fungi. Bark beetles were trapped from stands of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., exhibiting a range of decline symptoms in central Alabama. Under controlled conditions, field-collected adult...

LAI-2000 Accuracy, Precision, and Application to Visual Estimation of Leaf Area Index of Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Jason A. Gatch; Timothy B. Harrington; James P. Castleberry

2002-01-01

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter of forest stand productivity that has been used to diagnose stand vigor and potential fertilizer response of southern pines. The LAI-2000 was tested for its ability to provide accurate and precise estimates of LAI of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). To test instrument accuracy, regression was used to...

Importance of Seedyear, Seedbed, and Overstory for Establishment of Natural Loblolly and Shortleaf Pine Regenerationin Southern Arkansas

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1991-01-01

First-year density and quadrat stocking of naturally established loblolly and shortleaf pine regeneration were monitored forfive consecutive seedyearson disturbed and undisturbed seedbeds. Compared to untreatedchecks,additional gainsin pine seedling density as a result of exposing mineral soil were not as great as initial gains achieved by control of overtopping...

Synthetic pheromones disrupt male Dioryctria spp. moths in a loblolly pine seed orchard

Treesearch

Gary L. DeBarr; James L. Hanula; Christine G. Niwa; John C Nord

2000-01-01

Synthetic sex pheromones released in a loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchard interfered with the ability of male coneworm moths, Dioryctria Zeller spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to locate traps baited with sex pheromones or live females. Pherocon 1 C® traps baited with synthetic pheromones or live conspecific...

The distribution of dry matter growth between shoot and roots in loblolly pine

Treesearch

F. Thomas Ledig; F. Herbert Bormann; Karl F. Wenger

1970-01-01

The allometric relationship, log (y) = a + k•log (x)-where x is one plant organ (e g., dry weight of roots) and y is another (e.g., dry weight of shoot)-was used to study the relative distribution of growth within loblolly pine seedlings. The relative...

Stem growth and respiration in loblolly pine plantations differing in soil resource availability

Treesearch

Chris A. Maier

2001-01-01

Stem respiration and growth in 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were measured monthly during the third year of fertilization and irrigation treatments to determine whether soil resource availability differentially altered growth and respiration in stem tissue. Fertilized trees had significantly greater stem biomass, stem...

Effects of Alternative Thinning Regimes and Prescribed Burning in Natural, Even-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands: 25 Year Results

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

2003-01-01

In southeastern Arkansas, pine growth was monitored for 19 yr after mechanically strip thinning a dense, naturally regenerated, even-aged stand of 6-yr-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (P. echinata Mill.) that averaged 16,600 stems/UC. Prescribed winter burns were conducted biennially between ages 9 and 20...

Fungicides improve field performance of stored loblolly and longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

John C. Brissette

1996-01-01

Seedlings of loblolly and longleaf pine lifted in December, January, and February were treated with either benomyl or ridomil before cold storage. Along with an untreated control, they were planted after cold storage of less than 1 wk, 3 wk, and 6 wk. Survival was measured in mid-June after planting, and after 1 and 4 yr in the field. Total height was measured after 4...

Effect of midrotation fertilization on growth and specific gravity of loblolly pine

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Lewis Jordan; Richard F. Daniels; Laurence R. Schimleck; Alexander Clark III; Daniel B. Hall

2009-01-01

Wood properties and growth were measured on breast-height cores and on disks collected at different heights from a thinned and fertilized midrotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The study was laid out in a randomized complete-block design receiving four levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: unfertilized...

The effects of irrigation and fertilization on specific gravity of loblolly pine

Treesearch

K. R. Love-Myers; Alexander Clark; L. R. Schimleck; P. M. Dougherty; R. F. Daniels

2010-01-01

The effects of two treatments, irrigation and fertilization, were examined on specific gravity (SG)-related wood properties of loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) grown in Scotland County, North Carolina. The effects on the core as a whole, on the juvenile core, on the mature core, and from year to year were all analyzed. The results indicate that fertilization...

Weight and Nutrient Content of the Aboveground Parts of Some Loblolly Pines

Treesearch

Louis J. Metz; Carol G. Wells

1965-01-01

During the course of a study on the nutrient content of foliage of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), weight determinations and nutrient analyses were made on all aboveground parts of 10 trees. The data, although limited in scope, are being presented because of the scarcity of such information in the literature, and should be helpful to those interested in...

Effect of wood grain and veneer side on loblolly pine veneer wettability

Treesearch

Todd E. Shupe; Chung Y. Hse; Elvin T. Choong; Leslie H. Groom

1998-01-01

Research was initiated to determine the effect of veneer side (tight or loose), and wood grain (earlywood or latewood) on the wettability of loblolly pine veneer. Contact angle measurements were performed with phenol-formaldehyde resin and distilled water. The resin and distilled water showed slightly higher contact angle mean values on the latewood portion for both...

A Computer Program for Variable Density Yield Tables for Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Clifford A. Myers

1977-01-01

The computer program described here uses relationships developed from research on loblolly pine growth to predict volumes and yields of planted stands, over the site range of the species, under a wide range of management alternatives. Timing and severity of thinnings, length of rotation, and type of harvest can be modified to compare the effects of various management...

Microarray analysis and scale-free gene networks identify candidate regulators in drought-stressed roots of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.)

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Global transcriptional analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is challenging due to limited molecular tools. PtGen2, a 26,496 feature cDNA microarray, was fabricated and used to assess drought-induced gene expression in loblolly pine propagule roots. Statistical analysis of differential expression and weighted gene correlation network analysis were used to identify drought-responsive genes and further characterize the molecular basis of drought tolerance in loblolly pine. Results Microarrays were used to interrogate root cDNA populations obtained from 12 genotype × treatment combinations (four genotypes, three watering regimes). Comparison of drought-stressed roots with roots from the control treatment identified 2445 genes displaying at least a 1.5-fold expression difference (false discovery rate = 0.01). Genes commonly associated with drought response in pine and other plant species, as well as a number of abiotic and biotic stress-related genes, were up-regulated in drought-stressed roots. Only 76 genes were identified as differentially expressed in drought-recovered roots, indicating that the transcript population can return to the pre-drought state within 48 hours. Gene correlation analysis predicts a scale-free network topology and identifies eleven co-expression modules that ranged in size from 34 to 938 members. Network topological parameters identified a number of central nodes (hubs) including those with significant homology (E-values ≤ 2 × 10-30) to 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, zeatin O-glucosyltransferase, and ABA-responsive protein. Identified hubs also include genes that have been associated previously with osmotic stress, phytohormones, enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species, and several genes of unknown function. Conclusion PtGen2 was used to evaluate transcriptome responses in loblolly pine and was leveraged to identify 2445 differentially expressed genes responding to severe drought stress in roots. Many of the

From loblolly to longleaf: fifth-year results of a longleaf pine restoration study at two ecologically distinct sites

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Huifeng Hu

2015-01-01

Historical land-use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the widespread conversion of many upland sites from dominance of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the time following European settlement. Given the ecological, economic, and cultural...

Effect of rotation age and physiographic region on weight per cubic foot of planted loblolly pine

Treesearch

Alexander Clark; Richard F. Daniels; Bruce E. Borders

2006-01-01

Most harvested southern pine is sold by weight. We discuss how the weight of wood and bark per cubic foot of wood (the weight scaling factor) for plantation-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) varies with tree age across the coastal and inland regions of the Southern United States. To determine the weight scaling factor for plantation trees in the...

Effects of Soil Compaction and Organic Matter Removal on Morphology of Secondary Roots of Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Charles H. Walkinshaw; Allan E. Tiarks

1998-01-01

Root studies are being used to monitor possible changes in growth of loblolly pines on a long-term soil productibity study site. Here, we report the results of a preliminary look sat roots in the sizth growing season. Roots were collected from loblly pines gorwn in soil that was first subjected to three levels of compaction )none, moderate, severe) and three levels...

Effects of competing vegetation on growth of loblolly pine plantations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Dean W. Coble

2015-01-01

Competing woody vegetation negatively affects the growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees by seizing site resources that otherwise would be used by the planted trees (Burkhart and Sprinz 1984).

ECTOMYCORRHIZAL DIVERSITY IN A LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) GENETICS PLANTATION: INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION

EPA Science Inventory

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) Has co-evolved a high dependency on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations most likely because its natural range includes soils of varying moisture that are P- and/or N-deficient. Because of its wide geographic distrubition, we would expect its roots t...

Correlation between infection by ophiostomatoid fungi and the presence of subterranean termites in Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) roots

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Observations of subterranean termites feeding in pine sapwood containing ophiostomatoid fungi prompted a study to investigate the effect of infection by Leptographium fungi on the probability of encountering subterranean termites in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) roots. Root samples were collected f...

Suitability of Southern Pines, Other Selected Crops, and Nutsedge to a Longidorus sp. Associated with Stunting of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

S.W. Fraedrich; M.M. Cram; Z.A. Handoo

2003-01-01

An undescribed needle nematode (Longidorus sp.) has been associated with severely stunted loblolly pine seedlings at a south Georgia nursery. Containers with selected crop and weed species were infested with 100 or 200 adults and juveniles of the Longidorus individuals to evaluate host suitability. Nematode populations increased in...

Effects of spacing on loblolly pine in Hawaii after 11 years

Treesearch

Craig D. Whitesell

1974-01-01

The optimum spacing interval at which to plant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is being studied on Maui, Hawaii. Four spacings are being tried: 6,8, 10, and 12 feet. Measurements 11 years after the plots were set up show that (a) survival rates exceeded 94 percent, (b) average d.b.h. ranged from 6.4 inches at the 6-foot spacing to 9.8 inches in the 12...

Genetic variation in the microfibril angle of loblolly pine from two test sites

Treesearch

Jennifer H. Myszewski; Floyd E. Bridgwater; William J. Lowe; Thomas D. Byram; Robert A. Megraw

2004-01-01

In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of microfibril angle (MFA) on wood quality. However, little research has been conducted upon the genetic mechanisms controlling MFA. In this study, we examined the heritability of MFA in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and its genetic relationships with height, diameter, volume, and specific...

Dispersal and viability of seeds from cones in tops of harvested loblolly pines

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Michael D. Cain

2001-01-01

Seed supply is one of the most important determinants of successful natural regeneration. We conducted a study to determine the potential contribution of cones in the tops of harvested loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) to the stand's seed supply if trees were felled after seed maturation but before dispersal. Closed cones, collected in...

Whole-tree bark and wood properties of loblolly pine from intensively managed plantations

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Laurence R. Schimleck; Richard F. Daniels; Alexander Clark; Bruce E. Borders; Michael B. Kane; Harold E. Burkhart

2015-01-01

A study was conducted to identify geographical variation in loblolly pine bark and wood properties at the whole-tree level and to quantify the responses in whole-tree bark and wood properties following contrasting silvicultural practices that included planting density, weed control, and fertilization. Trees were destructively sampled from both conventionally managed...

Compacting coastal plain soils changes midrotation loblolly pine allometry by reducing root biomass

Treesearch

Kim H. Ludovici

2008-01-01

Factorial combinations of soil compaction and organic matter removal were replicated at the Long Term Site Productivity study in the Croatan National Forest, near New Bern, North Carolina, USA. Ten years after planting, 18 preselected loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees were destructively harvested to quantify treatment effects on total above- and...

Reapplication of Silvicultural Treatments Impacts Phenology and Photosynthetic Gas Exchange of Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Zhenmin Tang; Jim L. Chambers; Mary A. Sword; Shufang Yu; James P. Barnett

2004-01-01

A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, established in 1981, was thinned and fertilized in 1988. Thinning and fertilization treatments were applied again in early 1995. The morphology of current flushes and needles were measured between March and October in 1995 through 1997. Physiological responses were monitored in the upper and lower crowns....

Stripping of Soil-Applied Hexazione, Picloram, and Tebuthiuron for Loblolly Pine Site Preperation

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1993-01-01

Herbicides were applied to prepare two upland sites for planting of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) after clearcut harvesting: (1) picloram pellets, (2) hexazinone liquid, (3) a slurry of tebuthiuron soluble powder, and (4) following underplanting, a liquid formulation of picloram + 2,4-D was injected into residual hardwoods. The herbicides in...

The influence of nutrient and water availability on carbohydrate storage in loblolly pine

Treesearch

K.H. Ludovici; H.L. Allen; T.J. Albaugh; P.M. Dougherty

2002-01-01

We quantified the effects of nutrient and water availability on monthly whole-tree carbohydrate budgets and determined allocation patterns of storage carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to test site resource impacts on internal carbon (C) storage. A factorial combination of two nutrient and two irrigation treatments were imposed on a 7-year...

Loblolly pine growth response to mid-rotational treatments in an Eastern Texas plantation

Treesearch

Mohammad M. Bataineh; Amanda L. Bataineh; Brian P. Oswald; Kenneth W. Farrish; Hans M. Williams

2006-01-01

The effects of mid-rotational treatments (herbicide, prescribed burn, combination of herbicide and burn, and fertilization) on growth of loblolly pine were evaluated. Five replicates were established in a split-plot experimental design with fertilizer treatments as the whole-plot factor and competition control treatments as the sub-plot factor. Growth response was...

SouthPro : a computer program for managing uneven-aged loblolly pine stands

Treesearch

Benedict Schulte; Joseph Buongiorno; Ching-Rong Lin; Kenneth E. Skog

1998-01-01

SouthPro is a Microsoft Excel add-in program that simulates the management, growth, and yield of uneven-aged loblolly pine stands in the Southern United States. The built-in growth model of this program was calibrated from 991 uneven-aged plots in seven states, covering most growing conditions and sites. Stands are described by the number of trees in 13 size classes...

Variation in loblolly pine ring microfibril angle in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Lewis Jordan; Rechun He; Daniel B. Hall; Alexander III Clark; Richard F. Daniels

2007-01-01

The effect of physiographic region on microfibril angle (MFA) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southern United States was evaluated. MFA was determined at 1.4, 4.6, 7.6, 10.7, and 13.7 m up the stem of 59 trees, representing five physiographic regions. A nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed to test for regional differences in the...

Diameter Growth of Loblolly Pine Trees as Affected by Soil-Moisture Availibility

Treesearch

John R. Bassett

1964-01-01

In a 30-year-old even-aged stand of loblolly pine on a site 90 loessial soil in southeast Arkansas during foul growing seasons, most trees on plots thinned to 125 square feet of basal area per acre increased in basal area continuously when, under the crown canopy, available water in the surface foot remained above 65 percent. Measurable diameter growth ceased when...

Predicting Soil CO2 Efflux Rates in the Loblolly Pine Ecosystem Across the Region

Treesearch

Christopher Gough; John Seiler; Eric Wiseman

2004-01-01

Patterns in soil CO2 efflux (Ec) over a short rotation were examined using a chronosequence approach on South Carolina Coastal Plain and Virginia Piedmont loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands. Ec was measured over an entire year in four separate age classes at both measurement...

Growth and Fusiform Rust Responses of Piedmont Loblolly Pine After Severa1 Site Preparation and Regeneration Methods

Treesearch

W. Henry McNab

1990-01-01

Cutover pine-hardwood sites in the Piedmont of central Georgia were prepared by prescribed burning or drum chopping and regenerated to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) by planting or direct-seeding. Site preparation had little effect on soil physical properties. After an average of 12 years, trees were larger in dbh and total height, the merchantable...

Response of Loblolly Pine Plantations to Woody and Herbaceous Control--Eigth-Year Results of the Region-wide Study-The COMProject

Treesearch

B.R. Zutter; James H. Miller; S.M. Eedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

1995-01-01

Eight-year response of planted loblolly pine to woody and herbaceous control following site preparation, studied at 13 locations, differed by pine response variable and hardwood level grouping. Treatments affected average pine height the same at both low hardwood (2/ac basal area at age 8) and high hardwood (>13ft2...

LEAF AREA INDEX (LAI) CHANGE DETECTION ON LOBLOLLY PINE FOREST STANDS WITH COMPLETE UNDERSTORY REMOVAL

EPA Science Inventory

The confounding effect of understory vegetation contributions to satellite derived
estimates of leaf area index (LAI) was investigated on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest stands located in the southeastern United States. Previous studies have shown that understory can a...

LEAF AREA INDEX (LAI) CHANGE DETECTION ON LOBLOLLY PINE FOREST STANDS WITH COMPLETE UNDERSTORY REMOVAL

EPA Science Inventory

The confounding effect of understory vegetation contributions to satellite derived estimates of leaf area index (LAI) was investigated on two loblolly pine forest stands located in the southeastern United States. Previous studies have shown that understory can account from 0-40%...

Managing Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Stands for the Restoration of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Habitat

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

hydrometer method (Milford 1997). Climate data from the study period was obtained from the National Climatic Data Center web service, with data for...season after treatment. Throughout this paper , the term “seedling” is used to refer to any loblolly pine individual that established following site... Paper land in southwestern Georgia and found that longleaf pine stands had significantly higher herbaceous richness and diversity than the other

Growth and development of loblolly pine in a spacing trial planted in Hawaii

Treesearch

William R. Harms; Craig D. Whitesell; Dean S. DeBell

2000-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) was planted at four square spacings (1.8, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.7 m) on the Island of Maui in 1961, and measured periodically for 34 years. Patterns of stand growth and development were examined and compared with yield model estimates of stand characteristics of plantations of the...

Erosion response of a harvested piedmont loblolly pine plantation in Alabama: preliminary results

Treesearch

Emily A. Carter

2013-01-01

The erosion impact of typical forest management operations in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the Piedmont region of Alabama was investigated. Soil loss and runoff were highly variable throughout postharvest and first year after site preparation and planting. Under postharvest conditions, the annual rate of soil loss was 106.5 and 274....

Performance of container and bareroot loblolly pine seedlings on bottomlands in South Carolina

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

1993-01-01

The performance of container and bareroot loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from the same improved seedlot was compared on highly productive bottomland sites in South Carolina. At the time of planting, size and quality of the open-grown container stock were equal to or better than bareroot material. When outplanting conditions were ideal,...

Consortium for Accelerated Pine Production Studies (CAPPS): Long-term Trends in Loblolly Pine Stand Productivity and Characteristics In Georgia

Treesearch

B.E. Borders; Rodney E. Will; R. L. Hendrick; D. Markewitz; T. Harrington; R. O. Teskey; A. Clark

2002-01-01

Beginning in 1987, a series of long-term study plots were installed to determine the effects of annual nitrogen fertilization and complete control of competing vegetation on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand growth and development. The study had two locations, one at the Dixon State Forest (DSF) near Waycross, GA on the lower coastal plain and...

Poultry litter application to loblolly pine forests: growth and nutrient containment.

PubMed

Friend, Alexander L; Roberts, Scott D; Schoenholtz, Stephen H; Mobley, Juanita A; Gerard, Patrick D

2006-01-01

results show that, under the conditions of this study, application of poultry litter at moderate rates of approximately 5 Mg ha-1 to young stands of loblolly pine offers an alternative disposal option with minimal impacts to water quality and potential increases in tree growth.

Does Prescribed Burning Have a Place in Regenerating Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands?

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

2002-01-01

Before the 1981 growing season, a study was installed in southeastern Arkansas to examine the effects of three dormant-season burn intervals (low, moderate, and high frequency) and an unburned treatment on natural regeneration in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively)....

Temporal and spacial aspects of root and stem sucrose metabolism in loblolly pine trees

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; Paul P. Kormanik; C.C. Black

1996-01-01

We studied root and stem sucrose metabolism in trees excavated from a 9-year-old artificially regenerated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Sucrose synthase (SS) activities in stem and taproot vascular cambial tissues followed similar seasonal patterns until they peaked during September. After September, stem SS activity disappeared...

Regenerating uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines: the current state of knowledge

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Michael D. Cain

2000-01-01

Periodic regeneration is crucial to creating or sustaining uneven-aged (UEA) stands of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (P. echinata Mill.) pines. Although both species are shade intolerant, they have silvical characteristics that are conducive to natural regeneration in UEA stands. Their seed production is fairly consistent...

Is there a morphological or physiological explanation for the dramatic increase in hybridization between loblolly and shortleaf pine?

Treesearch

Rodney E. Will; Curtis J. Lilly; John F. Stewart; C. Dana Nelson; Charles G. Taue

2015-01-01

Hybrids between shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) have dramatically increased since the 1950s (Stewart and others 2012). Fire suppression, planting nonnative seed sources, and other anthropogenic activities have the potential to break down ecological barriers that previously kept these species from interbreeding (Tauer and others...

Controlling loblolly pine seedling growth through carbon metabolism regulation rather than mechanical procedures

Treesearch

Paul P. Kormanik; Shi-Jean S. Sung; T.L. Kormanik

1992-01-01

Nursery soils should be managed to maintain desirable ranges in essential plant nutrients, organic matter, and available water for the species being produced.In many cases, however, soil fertility and available water far exceed the amounts needed to produce loblolly pine seedlings of the size range required for artificial regeneration. Top clipping and root pruning or...

Regional calibration models for predicting loblolly pine tracheid properties using near-infrared spectroscopy

Treesearch

Mohamad Nabavi; Joseph Dahlen; Laurence Schimleck; Thomas L. Eberhardt; Cristian Montes

2018-01-01

This study developed regional calibration models for the prediction of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) tracheid properties using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 1842 pith-to-bark radial strips, aged 19–31 years, were acquired from 268 trees from 109 stands across the southeastern USA. Diffuse reflectance NIR spectra were collected at 10-mm...

The effect of herbaceous weed control on planted loblolly pine during a drought

Treesearch

John D. Kushla

2015-01-01

Seedling survival in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation establishment is often mentioned as a justification for herbaceous weed control (HWC). However, the effects of HWC treatment during drought have been difficult to find. Sometimes this research was proprietary in nature. Also, since weather patterns vary from year to year, drought may not have coincided with...

Transient expression of GUS in bombarded embryogenic longleaf, loblolly, and eastern white pine

Treesearch

Alex M. Diner; Allan Zipf; Rufina Ward; Yinghua Huang; George Brown

1999-01-01

Embryogenic tissue cultures derived from immature zygotic embryos of longleaf, loblolly, and eastern white pine were maintained in culture for up to 2 years, then bombarded with gold particles coated with a gene construct containing the GUS reporter gene fused to an adenine methyltransferase promoter from an algal virus. Physiological expression of GUS was observed in...

Effect of biosolids on a loblolly pine plantation forest in the Virginia piedmont

Treesearch

Eduardo C. Arellano; Thomas R. Fox

2010-01-01

Forests in the piedmont of VA may be a good alternative location for land application of biosolids. The objectives of this study were to quantify nutrient availability and tree growth in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation following the application of different biosolids types, at different rates, and at two different times. The study was...

Loblolly pine regeneration and competing vegetation 5 years after implementing uneven-aged silviculture

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Paul A. Murphy

1994-01-01

Thc effects of three basal areas (9.2, 133, and 18.4 m2/ha), maximum diameters (30.5. 40.6, and 50.8 cm), and site indices (24.6, 24.7-27.4, and >27.5 m at 50 years) on establishment and development of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) regeneration and competing vegetation were...

Mapping fusiform rust resistance genes within a complex mating design of loblolly pine

Treesearch

Tania Quesada; Marcio F.R. Resende Jr.; Patricio Munoz; Jill L. Wegrzyn; David B. Neale; Matias Kirst; Gary F. Peter; Salvador A. Gezan; C.Dana Nelson; John M. Davis

2014-01-01

Fusiform rust resistance can involve gene-for-gene interactions where resistance (Fr) genes in the host interact with corresponding avirulence genes in the pathogen, Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme (Cqf). Here, we identify trees with Fr genes in a loblolly pine population derived from a complex mating design challenged with two Cqf inocula (one gall and 10 gall...

Water availability and genetic effects on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Treesearch

C. A. Gonzalez-Benecke; T. A. Martin; Alexander Clark; G. F. Peter

2010-01-01

We studied the effect of water availability on basal area growth and wood properties of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees from contrasting Florida (FL) (a mix of half-sib families) and South Carolina coastal plain (SC) (a single, half-sib family) genetic material. Increasing soil water availability via irrigation increased average wholecore specific...

Equations for estimating loblolly pine branch and foliage weight and surface area distributions

Treesearch

V. Clark Baldwin; Kelly D. Peterson; Harold E. Burkhatt; Ralph L. Amateis; Phillip M. Dougherty

1996-01-01

Equations to predict foliage weight and surface area, and their vertical and horizontal distributions, within the crowns of unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus tueduL.) trees are presented. A right-truncated Weibull function was used for describing vertical foliage distributions. This function ensures that all of the foliage located between the tree tip and the foliage base...

Control of Dogfennel (Eupaforium Capillifolium (Lam.) Small) Does Not Increase Loblolly Pine Yields

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1980-01-01

Control of dogfennel alone did not increase height or cubic-foot volume of newly planted loblolly pines. Of five treatments - check, removal of dogfennel in the 1st year only, removal of all dogfennel yearly, removal of all competing vegetation biannually, and yearly spraying of all competing vegetation with chemicals-only biannual removal of all competing vegetation...

Control of Tip Moth by Carbofuran Reduces Fusiform Rust Infection on Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

H.R. Powers; D.M. Stone

1988-01-01

Carbofuran, a systemic insecticide, was applied to the soil under planted loblolly pines near Aiken. SC. at ages 2 through 5. The insecticide sharply reduced tip-moth damage and increased the height of 5-year-old saplings, compared with untreated controls. Treatment also reduced incidence of fusiforn rust, but carbofuran did not have a fungicidal effect.

Growth and mortality of residual loblolly pines after a seed-tree cutting

Treesearch

S. Little; J. J. Mohr

1957-01-01

Should loblolly pine seed trees be left to grow for many years, or should they be harvested as soon as adequate amounts of reproduction have started? What should be done with the trees too small for sawlogs: should they be cut for pulpwood, or will they develop into high-quality stems? From a study started in 1951 and previously described (4) we now have indicative...

Segmented polynomial taper equation incorporating years since thinning for loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

A. Gordon Holley; Thomas B. Lynch; Charles T. Stiff; William Stansfield

2010-01-01

Data from 108 trees felled from 16 loblolly pine stands owned by Temple-Inland Forest Products Corp. were used to determine effects of years since thinning (YST) on stem taper using the Max–Burkhart type segmented polynomial taper model. Sample tree YST ranged from two to nine years prior to destructive sampling. In an effort to equalize sample sizes, tree data were...

An annotated genetic map of loblolly pine based on microsatellite and cDNA markers

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Previous loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genetic linkage maps have been based on a variety of DNA polymorphisms, such as AFLPs, RAPDs, RFLPs, and ESTPs, but only a few SSRs (simple sequence repeats), also known as simple tandem repeats or microsatellites, have been mapped in P. taeda. The objective o...

A Compatible Stem Taper-Volume-Weight System For Intensively Managed Fast Growing Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Yugia Zhang; Bruce E. Borders; Robert L Bailey

2002-01-01

eometry-oriented methodology yielded a compatible taper-volume-weight system of models whose parameters were estimated using data from intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the lower coastal plain of Georgia. Data analysis showed that fertilization has significantly reduced taper (inside and outside bark) on the upper...

Identifying Loblolly Pine and Four Common Competing Hardwood Species Using MultiSpectral Reflectance Analysis

Treesearch

T.C. Knight; A.W. Ezell; D.R. Shaw; J.D. Byrd; D.L. Evans

2004-01-01

Multispectral reflectance data were collected in midrotation loblolly pine plantations during spring, summer, and fall seasons with a hand-held spectroradiometer. All data were analyzed by discriminant analysis. Analyses resulted in species classifications with accuracies of 83 percent during the spring season, 54 percent during summer, and 82 percent during fall....

PTSITE--a new method of site evaluation for loblolly pine: model development and user's guide

Treesearch

Constance A. Harrington

1991-01-01

A model, named PTSITE, was developed to predict site index for loblolly pine based on soil characteristics, site location on the landscape, and land history. The model was tested with data from several sources and judged to predict site index within + 4 feet (P

ESTIMATES OF ALPHA-PINENE EMISSIONS FROM A LOBLOLLY PINE FOREST USING AN ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION MODEL

EPA Science Inventory

The body of information presented in this paper is directed to atmospheric chemists and modelers who are concerned with assessing the impact of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions. A field study was conducted to determine the emission rate of alpha-pinene from a loblolly pine forest u...

Transgenic loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plants expressing a modified delta-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis with enhanced resistance to Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Crypyothelea formosicola Staud.

PubMed

Tang, Wei; Tian, Yingchuan

2003-02-01

A synthetic version of the CRY1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the transformation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using particle bombardment. Mature zygotic embryos were used to be bombarded and to generate organogenic callus and transgenic regenerated plants. Expression vector pB48.215 DNA contained a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) CRY1Ac coding sequence flanked by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator sequences, and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene controlled by the promoter of the nopaline synthase gene was introduced into loblolly pine tissues by particle bombardment. The transformed tissues were proliferated and selected on media with kanamycin. Shoot regeneration was induced from the kanamycin-resistant calli, and transgenic plantlets were then produced. More than 60 transformed plants from independent transformation events were obtained for each loblolly pine genotype tested. The integration and expression of the introduced genes in the transgenic loblolly pine plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analysis, by Southern hybridization, by Northern blot analysis, and by Western blot analysis. Effective resistance of transgenic plants against Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Crypyothelea formosicola Staud was verified in feeding bioassays with the insects. The transgenic plants recovered could represent a good opportunity to analyse the impact of genetic engineering of pine for sustainable resistance to pests using a B. thuringiensis insecticidal protein. This protocol enabled the routine transformation of loblolly pine plants that were previously difficult to transform.

Comparison of planted loblolly, longleaf, and slash pine development through 10 growing seasons in central Louisiana--an argument for longleaf pine

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Mary Anne S. Sayer; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2015-01-01

Two studies were established in central Louisiana to compare development of planted loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf (P. palustris Mill.), and slash (P. elliottii Engelm.) pine. Study 1 was on a Beauregard silt loam, and Study 2 was on Ruston and McKamie fine sandy loams. After 10 growing seasons,...

Thinning Guidelines For Loblolly Pine Plantations in Eastern Texas Based on Alternative Management Criteria

Treesearch

Charles T. Stiff; William F. Stansfield

2004-01-01

Separate thinning guidelines were developed for maximizing land expectation value (LEV), present net worth (PNW), and total sawlog yield (TSY) of existing and future loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in eastern Texas. The guidelines were created using data from simulated stands which were thinned one time during their rotation using a...

A biochemical assessment of the value of top clipping nursery-grown loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; Paul P. Kormanik; C.C. Black

1994-01-01

Seasonal sucrose metabolism (sucrolysis) was studied in taproot cambial tissues of nursery-grown loblolly pine seedlings to assess the value of top clipping. In sucrose-importing taproots of nonclipped seedlings, sucrose synthase (SS) was the dominant enzyme for sucrose cleavage, and its activity exhibited a distinct seasonal activity. Both root SS activity and...

Yields of Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantations on Cutover Sites in the West Gulf Region

Treesearch

D.F. Feduccia; T.R. Dell; W.F. Mann; T.E. Campbell; B.H. Polmer

1979-01-01

The system of equations presented here uses diameter distributions and tree taper functions to forecast in detail the development of unthinned loblolly pine plantations. Data were collected in parts of east Texas, Louisiana, southern Arkansas, and southern Mississippi. Only plantations established on cutover sites that did not require preparation were sampled. However...

Detecting Responses of Loblolly Pine Stand Development to Site-Preparation Intensity: A Modeling Approach

Treesearch

Mingguang Xu; Timothy B. Harrington; M. Boyd Edwards

1997-01-01

Data from an existing site preparation experiment in the Georgia Piedmont were subjected to a modeling approach to analyze effects of site preparation intensity on stand development of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) 5 to 12 years since treatment. An average stand height model that incorporated indicator variables for treatment provided an accurate...

LEAF AREA INDEX (LAI) CHANGE DETECTION ANALYSIS ON LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA) FOLLOWING COMPLETE UNDERSTORY REMOVAL

EPA Science Inventory

The confounding effect of understory vegetation contributions to satellite-derived estimates of leaf area index (LAI) was investigated on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest stands located in Virginia and North Carolina. In order to separate NDVI contributions of the dominantc...

Comparison of three site preparation techniques on growth of planted loblolly pine 6 years after a southern pine beetle epidemic

Treesearch

Wayne K. Clatterbuck; Michael Carr

2013-01-01

Three site preparation treatments: (1) complete removal of woody debris—drum chopped, raked, and disked; (2) drum chopping leaving woody debris; and (3) no site preparation—planting among dead standing trees were compared by evaluating the growth and survival of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) after six growing seasons following a southern...

Loblolly pine productivity and water relations in response to throughfall reduction and fertilizer application on a poorly drained site in northern Florida

DOE PAGES

Wightman, Maxwell G.; Martin, Timothy A.; Gonzalez-Benecke, Carlos A.; ...

2016-09-26

Loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) forests are of great ecological and economic value in the southeastern United States, where nutrient availability frequently limits productivity. The impact of fertilizer application on the growth and water relations of loblolly pine has been investigated by numerous studies; however, few field experiments have examined the effects of drought. Drought is of particular interest due to the potential for climate change to alter soil water availability. In this study, we investigated the impact of fertilizer application and a 30% reduction in throughfall on loblolly pine productivity, transpiration, hydraulic conductance, and stomatal conductance. The studymore » was installed in a ten-year-old loblolly pine plantation on a somewhat poorly drained site in northern Florida. Throughfall reduction did not impact tree productivity or water relations of the trees. This lack of response was attributed to abundant rainfall and the ability of trees to access the shallow water table at this site. Fertilizer application increased basal area production by 20% and maximum leaf area index by 0.5 m2 m 2, but it did not affect whole-tree hydraulic conductance or the sensitivity of stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit. During the spring, when leaf area and vapor pressure deficit were high, the fertilizer-only treatment increased monthly transpiration by 17% when compared to the control. This relationship, furthermore, was not significant during the rest of the year.« less

Inoculation of Loblolly Pine Seedlings at Planting with Basidiospores of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Chip Form

Treesearch

Peter R. Beckjord; Marla S. McIntosh; Edward Hacskaylo; John H. Jr. Melhuish; John H. Jr. Melhuish

1984-01-01

Basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizae-forming fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma auranteum incorporated into an organic hydrocolloid can be used successfully in field inoculation. Containerized loblolly pine seedlings were inoculated during outplanting by this method. This study showed that basidiospore chips were effective inocula in this investigation.

Evaluation of fumigants, EPTC herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans in the production of loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Michelle M. Cram; Scott A. Enebak; Stephen W. Fraedrich; Lew D. Dwinell; Stanley J. Zarnoch

2007-01-01

Chloropicrin fumigation, Eptam 7-E (EPTC) herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans seed treatments were evaluated as alternatives to fumigation with methyl bromide/chloropicrin for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling production at three nurseries in the southern United States. A treatment of metam sodium/chloropicrin was also...

The sprouting potential of loblolly and shortleaf pines: Implications for seedling recovery from top damage

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Michael D. Cain

2002-01-01

Loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (P. echinata Mill.) pine seedlings are frequently top damaged during their first few years by browsing animals, insects, or forestry operations, but little quantitative information exists on the factors affecting recovery. Thus, we conducted two separate studies to evaluate potential recovery...

Genetic and Spacing Effects on Loblolly Pine Plantation Development Through Age 17

Treesearch

Samuel B. Land; Scott D. Roberts; Howard W. Duzan

2004-01-01

Eight North Carolina families and a Mississippi-Alabama commercial check of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were planted at three spacings (5x5, 8x8, and 10x10 feet) in east Mississippi. Results for ages 5, 9, 13, and 17 years indicated that spacing effects occurred by age 5 for d.b.h. and height and by age 9 for survival, stand volume, and periodic...

The role of earlywood and latewood properties on dimensional stability of loblolly pine

Treesearch

David E. Kretschmann; Steven M. Cramer

2007-01-01

The role of tree ring location and height within tree has a very significant impact on the properties of earlywood and latewood. This paper explores the role of earlywood and latewood properties on the dimensional stability of loblolly pine. Test results from isolated 1 mm by 1 mm by 30 mm pieces of earlywood and latewood show the differences in earlywood and latewood...

Foliar Analysis For Predicting Loblolly Pine Response To Phosphurus Fertilization on Wet Sites

Treesearch

Carol G. Wells; D.M. Crutchfield

1969-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in the South Carolina Coastal Plain on wetsites which had been ditched and bedded responded to P fertilization. Under conditions of severe P deficiency) tree height increased 82 percent in 3 years from application of 25 or 50 pounds of P per acre at planting. First-year growth data from four sites show that...

Ice Damage in a Georgia Planting of Loblolly Pine from Different Seed Sources

Treesearch

Earle P. Jones; Osborn O. Wells

1969-01-01

After a severe ice storm in south-central Georgia, the degree of ice damage in a provenance test planting of 11-year-old loblolly pines varied considerably among the nine widely seperated seed sources represented. Damage was less among tress from the colder, more inland locations than among tress from coastal areas where the climate is more moderate. In terms of...

Ten-year effects from row thinnings in loblolly pine plantations of eastern Maryland

Treesearch

Silas Little; John J. Mohr; Paul V. Mook

1967-01-01

Four degrees of row thinning were tested in 17-year-old loblolly pine plantations of eastern Maryland. In the following 10 years diameter and basal-area growth of tagged trees increased in relation to intensity of thinning. The heavier thinnings also had the most effect in increasing live-crown lengths and ratios and in favoring crown-class position. Volume growth was...

Effects of varying refiner pressure on the machanical properties of loblolly pine fibres

Treesearch

Les Groom; Timothy Rials; Rebecca Snell

2000-01-01

Loblolly pine chips, separated into mature and juvenile portions, were refined at three pressures (4, 8, and 12 bar) in a single disc refiner at the BioComposites Centre. Fibres were dried in a flash drier to a moisture content of approximately 12 percent. The mechanical properties of single fibres from each refining pressure were determined using a tensile strength...

Effect of simulated ice storm damage on loblolly pine tree and stand growth

Treesearch

Rodney E. Will; Thomas Hennessey; Thomas Lynch; Robert Heinemann; Randal Holeman; Dennis Wilson

2012-01-01

Ice damage to loblolly pine plantations is a recurrent problem in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas with significant ice events occurring recently in 1995, twice in 2000, and in 2007. Following ice damage, forest owners need to decide to clear-cut and replant, thin or partial cut to rehabilitate, or take no action. A quantitative assessment of tree and stand growth...

Bending strength and stiffness of loblolly pine lumber from intensively managed stands located on the Georgia Lower Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Mark Alexander Butler; Joseph Dahlen; Richard F. Daniels; Thomas L. Eberhardt; Finto Antony

2016-01-01

Loblolly pine is increasingly grown on intensively managed plantation forests that yield excellent growth; however, lumber cut from these trees often contains a large percentage of juvenile wood which negatively impacts strength and stiffness. Because of changing forest management and mill practices the design values for visually graded southern pine were updated in...

Understory plant community response to compaction and harvest removal in a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

Benjamin J. Vierra; Gary B. Blank

2010-01-01

In 1992 the Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, constructed three Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) installations in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on the Croatan National Forest in Craven County, NC. The LTSP study consists of a nationwide network of experiment sites designed to examine the long-term effects of soil...

Vector Analysis Identify Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Phosphorus Deficiency on a Beauregard Soil

Treesearch

A. Bekele; W.H. Hundall; A.E. Tiarks

1999-01-01

We studied the response of densely stocked one-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to N and P fertilizers on a Beauregard silt loam (fine silty, siliceous, thermic, Plinthaquic Paleudults). A continuous function" experimental design with three replications was used. Each replication consisted of 12 m X 12 m plots, with three trees planted...

Assessment of loblolly pine decline and site conditions on Fort Benning Military Reservation, GA

Treesearch

Roger D. Menard; Lori G. Eckhardt; Nolan J. Hess

2010-01-01

A decline of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), characterized by expanding areas of declining and dead trees, has become prevalent at Fort Benning, GA. A 3-year study was conducted to determine the kinds of fungi, insects, and site disturbances associated with this problem. The insects Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes salebrosus, H. tenuis, Pachylobius picivorus...

Soil and pine foliage nutrient responses 15 years after competing-vegetation control and their correlation with growth for 13 loblolly pine plantations in the southern United States

Treesearch

James H. Miller; H. Lee Allen; Bruce R. Zutter; Shepard M. Zedaker; Ray A. Newbold

2006-01-01

Influences of competition-control treatments on long-term soil and foliar nutrition were examined using a regional data set (the Competition Omission Monitoring Project) that documents loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation nutrients in soils sampled at years 0 and 15 and in pine foliage at years 2, 6, and 15 and their correlations with one...

The effects of sodium erythorbate and ethylenediurea on photosynthetic function of ozone-exposed loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Eric A. Kuehler; R.B. Flagler

1998-01-01

In an open-top chamber study in east Texas, ozone-sensitive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were treated with either the antioxidant Ozoban (74.5 percent sodium erythorbate active ingredient (a.i.)) at 0, 1030, or 2060 mg liter- 1 or...

Intensive management of loblolly pine during establishment influences nutrition and productivity through 15 growing seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Mary Anne Sword Sayer; Allan E. Tiarks

2006-01-01

Three cultural treatments in a 23 (yes or no) factorial combination were applied during establishment of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation: phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization at planting, herbicide applications in the first 3 years, and litter application in the first year. Both the herbicide and litter treatments...

Elevated Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere: What Might It Mean for Loblolly Pine Plantation Forestry

Treesearch

John W. Groninger; Kurt H. Johnsen; John. R. Seiler; Rodney E. Will; David S. Ellsworth; Chris A. Maier

1999-01-01

Research with loblolly pine suggests that projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration will accelerate early growth and could result in shorter rotation length, reduced time until first commercial thinning, higher optimal planting density, and possibly higher maximum stocking level in managed stands. We discuss some of the physiological...

Impact of initial spacing on yield per acre and wood quality of unthinned loblolly pine at age 21

Treesearch

Alexander, III Clark; Richard F. Daniels; Lewis Jordan; Laurie Schimleck

2010-01-01

The market for southern pine first thinnings is soft. Thus, forest managers are planting at wider spacings, and using weed control and fertilization to grow chipping-saw and sawtimber trees in shorter rotations. A 21-year-old unthinned spacing study was sampled to determine the effect of initial spacing on wood quality and yield per acre of planted loblolly pine (

Effect of forming stresses on the strength of curved laminated beams of loblolly pine

Treesearch

George E. Woodson; Frederick F. Wangaard

1969-01-01

Curvature-stress factors reflecting the effect of forming stresses in producing curved beams of thin vertical-grain laminations of clear wood have been determined for loblolly pine. Strength retention of curved beams decreases with increasing severity of curvature but not to the degree suggested by the Wilson equation commonly used in design. Curved beams loaded on the...

Seasonal development of loblolly pine lateral roots in response to stand density and fertilization

Treesearch

M.A. Sword

1998-01-01

In 1989, two levels each of stand density and fertilization treatments were factorially established in a 9-year-old loblolly pine plantation on a P-deficient Gulf Coastal Plain site in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, USA. In 1995, a second thinning was conducted on the previously thinned plots and fertilizer was re-applied to the previously fertilized plots. The morphology...

Seasonal Biennial Burning and Woody Plant Control Influence Native Vegetation in Loblolly Pine Stands

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Alton Martin; Henry A. Pearson; Harold E. Grelen

1998-01-01

This paper documents the results of a study to determine the effects of selectedvegetation-management treatments in loblolly pine. Vegetation in precommercially thinned, 6-year-old stands was subjected to five biennial growing season burns in either early March, May, or July coupled with hand felling of residual woody stems. Using a randomized complete block design, we...

Crown characteristics of juvenile loblolly pine 6 years after application of thinning and fertilization

Treesearch

Shufang Yu; Jim L. Chambers; Zhenmin Tang; James P. Barnett

2003-01-01

Total foliage dry mass and leaf area at the canopy hierarchical level of needle, shoot, branch and crown were measured in 48 trees harvested from a 14-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, six growing seasons after thinning and fertilization treatments. In the unthinned treatment, upper crown needles were heavier and had more leaf area...

Risk assessment with current deployment strategies for fusiform rust-resistant loblolly and slash pines

Treesearch

Floyd Bridgwater; Tom Kubisiak; Tom Byram; Steve Mckeand

2004-01-01

In the southeastern USA, fusiform rust resistant loblolly and slash pines may be deployed as 1) ulked seed orchard mixes. 2) half-sibling (sib) family mixtures. 3) single half-sib families. 4) full-sib cross seeds or as 6) clones of individual genotypes. These deployment types are respectively greater genetic gains from higher selection intensity. Currently, bulked...

Disking and Prescribed Burning: Sixth-Year Residual Effects on Loblolly Pine and Competing Vegetation

Treesearch

Kenneth E. Trousdell

1970-01-01

In the Virginia Coastal Plain, the effects of disking and of three series of prescribed burns on crown coverage and height of regenerating loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and competing hardwoods and shrubs were compared after 6 years. One winter burn followed by three annual summer burns just before harvesting was the site preparation most effective...

Development of Mature Natural Even-Aged Stands of Loblolly Pine in the Piedmont

Treesearch

D.J. Leduc; J.C.G. Goelz

2004-01-01

In 1949 a loblolly pine growing-space study was established on the Hitchiti Experimental Forest outside Macon, GA. It consisted of 72 plots varying in age from 18 to 88 years old. Of these plots, 20 were part of an embedded thinning study with 2 replications on each of 2 sites and 4 treatments plus a control. Multiple thinnings were conducted, though none in the last...

Recovery of planted loblolly pine 5 years after severe ice storms in Arkansas

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg; Michael G. Shelton

2010-01-01

Following a severe ice storm, one of a landowner’s first considerations regarding the future of their damaged stands should be on the recovery potential of injured crop trees. The ice storms that struck Arkansas in December 2000 provided an opportunity to monitor 410 injured loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), representing a wide range of damage in 18 –20-year-old...

Evaluation of weighted regression and sample size in developing a taper model for loblolly pine

Treesearch

Kenneth L. Cormier; Robin M. Reich; Raymond L. Czaplewski; William A. Bechtold

1992-01-01

A stem profile model, fit using pseudo-likelihood weighted regression, was used to estimate merchantable volume of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southeast. The weighted regression increased model fit marginally, but did not substantially increase model performance. In all cases, the unweighted regression models performed as well as the...

Biomass of first and second rotation loblolly pine plantations in the South Carolina Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Charles A. Gresham

2006-01-01

In the South Carolina Coastal Plain, intensive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation management, without fertilization, was sustainable through two rotations as measured by biomass accumulation. Fixed plot tree inventories and destructive tree sampling of first and second rotation sections of the same plantations were used to produce area based...

The effect of mid-rotation fertilization on the wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Lewis Jordan; Laurence R. Schimleck; Richard F. Daniels; Alexander Clark III

2009-01-01

Mid-rotation fertilization is a common practice in the management of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations, typically providing large improvements in growth. However, concerns exist about the quality of wood produced following fertilization. The objective of this study was to develop an understanding of wood property changes following fertilization. Wood...

A regional study of loblolly pine plantation development through 15 years after early complete woody and herbaceous plant control (COMP)

Treesearch

James H. Miller; B.R. Zutter; S.M Zedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

2002-01-01

Pine plantations are increasingly cultured using early woody and/or herbaceous plant control. Developments in sustainable cultural practices are hindered by the absence of long-term data on productivity gains relative to competition levels, crop-competition dynamics, and compositional succession. To gain baseline data, this study examined loblolly pine (Pinus...

Nitrogen availability alters macrofungal basidiomycete Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. community structure in optimally fertilized loblolly pine forests

Treesearch

Ivan P. Edwards; Jennifer L. Cripliver; Andrew R. Gillespie; Kurt H. Johnsen; M. Scholler; Ronald F. Turco

2004-01-01

We investigated the effect of an optimal nutrition strategy designed to maximize loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) growth on the rank abundance structure and diversity of associated basidiomycete communities.We conducted both small- and large-scale below-ground surveys 10 years after the initiation of optimal...

Mid-rotation silviculture timing influences nitrogen mineralization of loblolly pine plantations in the mid-south USA

Treesearch

Michael A. Blazier; D. Andrew Scott; Ryan Coleman

2015-01-01

Intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations often develop nutrient deficiencies near mid-rotation. Common silvicultural treatments for improving stand nutrition at this stage include thinning, fertilization, and vegetation control. It is important to better understand the influence of timing fertilization and vegetation control...

Pinestraw raking, fertilization and poultry litter amendment effects on soil physical properties for a mid-rotation loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

William B. Patterson; Michael A. Blazier; Steven L. Holtard

2010-01-01

Frequent pinestraw raking and removal in pine plantations has led to concerns about nutrient removal from the stand. While soil chemistry of raked stands has been studied, little attention has been placed on potential compaction from raking operations. Four treatments were applied to a 16-year-old loblolly pine plantation at the Louisiana State University AgCenter...

Loblolly and shortleaf pine seed viability through 21 months of field storage: Can carry-over occur between seed crops?

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

1997-01-01

About two-thirds of pine stands in the southeastern United States originated from natural seedfall (USDA Forest Service 1988) and this method of regeneration continues to be impor-tant for perpetuating the species. Loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinatu Mill., respectively) are common associates throughout this geographic area and are the most...

Changes in non-pine woody species density, composition, and diversity following herbicide and fertilization application to mid-rotation loblolly pine stands

Treesearch

Hal O. Liechty; Conner Fristoe

2012-01-01

We monitored woody vegetation (dbh>1.0 in) response for up to six years following a herbicide (16 ounces imazapyr /acre), a fertilizer (365 pounds urea and 175 pounds diammonium phosphate/acre ) and a combined fertilizer and herbicide application in four mid-rotation loblolly pine stands located within the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain in Arkansas. Approximately 60-80%...

Biomass estimates of small diameter planted and natural-origin loblolly pines show major departures from the National Biomass Estimator equations

Treesearch

Jamie Schuler; Don C. Bragg; Kristin McElligott

2017-01-01

As southern pine forests (both planted and naturally regenerated) are more heavily used to provide biomass for the developing energy sectors and carbon sequestration, a better understanding of models used to characterize regional biomass estimates is needed. We harvested loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) between 0.5 and 15 cm dbh from several...

Seasonal Fine-Root Carbohydrate and Growth Relations of Plantation Loblolly Pine After Thinning and Fertilization

Treesearch

Eric A. Kuehler; Mary Anne Sword; C. Dan Andries

1999-01-01

In 1989, two levels each of stand density and fertilization were established in an 8-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. In March 1995, treatments were reapplied, and root elongation and carbohydrate concentrations were monitored for 2 years. Our objective was to evaluate relationships between seasonal root growth and carbohydrate...

Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from loblolly pine forest floor in a post-harvest microclimate

Treesearch

L. Chris Kiser; Thomas R. Fox

2012-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations grown on nutrient deficient soils in the southeastern U.S. require nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization to increase growth (Albaugh et al., 2007; Fox et al., 2007). Fertilization increases growth by increasing foliar nutrients and leaf area (Albaugh et al., 1998) which also results in higher...

Family by environment interactions for loblolly and slash pine plantations in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Brian E. Roth; Eric J. Jokela; Timothy A. Martin; Dudley A. Huber; Timothy L. White

2010-01-01

Few studies have quantified the combined effects of silvicultural treatments and genetic improvement on unit area production of full-sib family blocks of loblolly and slash pine. We examined genotype (family) by environmental interactions (G x E) through age five years using a factorial experiment consisting of silvicultural treatment intensity, planting density and...

Revisiting the relationship between common weather variables and loblolly-shortleaf pine seed crops in natural stands

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G Shelton

2000-01-01

Seed production was monitored during 24 years using seed-collection traps in loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.-P. echinata Mill.) stands located in southeast Arkansas, north-central Louisiana, and southwest Mississippi on the southeastern Coastal Plain, USA. Sound seed production was correlated with mean monthly precipitation...

Examination of water phase transitions in Loblolly pine and cell wall components by differential scanning calorimetry

Treesearch

Samuel L. Zelinka; Michael J. Lambrecht; Samuel V. Glass; Alex C. Wiedenhoeft; Daniel J. Yelle

2012-01-01

This paper examines phase transformations of water in wood and isolated wood cell wall components using differential scanning calorimetry with the purpose of better understanding "Type II water" or "freezable bound water" that has been reported for cellulose and other hydrophilic polymers. Solid loblolly pine (Pinus taeda...

Impact of vegetation control and annual fertilization on properties of loblolly pine wood at age 12

Treesearch

Alexander Clark; Bruce E. Borders; Richard F. Daniels

2004-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of Georgia were subjected to four intensive silvicultural regimes to monitor and record relative tree growth. Treatments included: intensive mechanical site preparation, complete vegetation control with multiple applications of herbicides, annual high rates of nitrogen...

Woody and herbaceous competition effects on stand dynamics and growth of 13-year-old natural, precommercially thinned loblolly and shortleaf pines

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1999-01-01

Stand dynamics of naturally regenerated, even-aged, loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (P. echinata Mill.) were examined on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, U.S.A., following four levels of competition control. Treatments included a check (Ck) with no competition control, woody control (WC),...

Screening Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) families for physical and mechanical properties using vibrational spectroscopy

Treesearch

Gifty E. Acquah; Brian K. Via; Lori G. Eckhardt

2016-01-01

In a bid to control the loblolly pine decline complex, stakeholders are using the selection and deployment of genetically superior families that are disease tolerant. It is vital that we do not compromise other important properties while breeding for disease tolerance. In this preliminary study, near infrared spectroscopy was utilized in conjunction with data collected...

A comparison of tools for remotely estimating leaf area index in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Janet C. Dewey; Scott D. Roberts; Isobel Hartley

2006-01-01

Light interception is critical to forest growth and is largely determined by foliage area per unit ground, the measure of which is leaf area index (LAI). Summer and winter LAI estimates were obtained in a 17-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing trial in Mississippi, using three replications with initial spacings of 1.5, 2.4, and 3.0 m....

The role of harvest residue in rotation cycle carbon balance in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Asko Noormets; Steve G. Mcnulty; Jean-Christophe Domec; Michael Gavazzi; Ge Sun; John S. King

2012-01-01

Timber harvests remove a significant portion of ecosystem carbon. While some of the wood products moved off-site may last past the harvest cycle of the particular forest crop, the effect of the episodic disturbances on long-term on-site carbon sequestration is unclear. The current study presents a 25 year carbon budget estimate for a typical commercial loblolly pine...

Susceptibility of loblolly x slash pine interspecific F1 hybrids to tip moth infestation and fusiform rust infection in a south Mississippi planting

Treesearch

M.T. Highsmith; L.H. Lott; C.D. Nelson

2005-01-01

Tip moth damage and fusiform rust incidence among families of three loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) parent trees from Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas that were selected for southern pine bark beetle resistance and three slash pines (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti) selected for different levels of fusiform rust resistance, and five of their interspecific...

Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands - II. Development of Intermediate and Suppressed Trees Following Release in Natural Stands

Treesearch

James B. Baker; Michael G. Shelton

1998-01-01

Development of 86 intermediate and suppressed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees, that had been recently released from overtopping pines and hardwoods, was monitored over a 15 year period. The trees were growing in natural stands on good sites (site index = 90 ft at 50 years) that had been recently cut to stocking levels ranging from 10 to 50 percent. At time of...

Growth Reponse of Loblolly Pine to Intermediate Treatment of Fire, Herbicide, and Fertilizer: Preliminary Results

Treesearch

L.M. Marino; B.P. Oswald; K.W. Farrish; H.M. Williams; Daniel R. Unger

2002-01-01

Crown area is an important factor in determining stem development. This study examined the changes in stem diameter per unit area of crown due to treatment with fire, herbicide, fertilizer, and tree-thinning practice. The experimental sites were mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations that were thinned one year before treatment. Site 1...

Modeling wood properties of planted Loblolly pine from pith to bark and stump to tip

Treesearch

Richard F. Daniels; H.E. Rechun; Alexander Clark; Ray A. Souther

2002-01-01

Variation in wood properties follows identifiable patterns within individual trees of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.j. Wood properties were sampled from disks cut at 1.52 m intervals from 131 mature trees across the natural range of the species. Wood property and mensurational data were used to develop predictive models describing the distribution of...

Cogongrass ( Imperata cylindrica ) affects above- and belowground processes in commercial loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ) stands

Treesearch

Adam N. Trautwig; Lori G. Eckhardt; Nancy J. Loewenstein; Jason D. Hoeksema; Emily A. Carter; Ryan L. Nadel

2017-01-01

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive grass species native to Asia, has been shown to reduce tree vigor in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations, which comprise more than 50% of growing stock in commercial forests of the United States. I. cylindrica produces exudates with possible allelopathic effects that may influence abundance of P. taeda symbionts, such...

Seasonal patterns of CO2 exchange in the shoot and root of loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Allen P. Drew; F. Thomas Ledig

1981-01-01

Seedlings of six full-sib families of loblolly pine were grown outdoors in clay pots for two growing seasons. Dark respiration of shoot and root and CO2 exchange of the shoot in the light were measured periodically over a temperature range bracketing ambient conditions. Both shoot and root showed different physiological responses as seasonal...

Effects Of Silvicultural Practice And Veneer Lay Upon Some Mechanical Properties Of Loblolly Pine Plywood

Treesearch

Todd F. Shupe; Chung Y. Hse; George A. Grozdits; Elvin T. Choong

1997-01-01

Loblolly pine three-ply plywood was manufactured from veneer obtained from silviculturally different stands. Panels from each site were assembled with four different veneer grade arrangements and tested in wet and dry conditions. Stiffness properties in both the wet and dry conditions and strength properties in the dry condition were all significantly affected by...

Effects of silviculture practice and veneer layup on some mechanical properties of loblolly pine plywood

Treesearch

Todd E. Shupe; Chung Y. Hse; George A. Grozdits; Elvin T. Choong

1997-01-01

Loblolly pine three-ply plywood was manufactured from veneer obtained from silviculturally different stands. Panels from each site were assembled with four different veneer grade arrangements and tested in wet and dry conditions. Stiffness properties in both the wet and dry conditions and strength properties in the dry condition were all significantly affected by...

Effects of dazomet, metam sodium, and oxamyl on Longidorus populations and loblolly pine seedline production

Treesearch

Stephen W. Fraedrich; L. David Dwinell

2005-01-01

Dazomet, metam sodium, and oxamyl were evaluated for nematode control and production of loblolly pine seedlings in a field infested by a Longidorus sp. Fumigation with dazomet or metam sodium reduced population densities of longidorus to nondetectable levels early in the growing season but population densities subsequently increases to levels found in untreated control...

Biomass, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Accumulation in 4-Year-Old Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine and Sweetgum Plantations

Treesearch

Charles A. Gresham; Thomas M. William

2002-01-01

Knowing the nutrient uptake potential of plantations of fast-growing species is essential to designing land-based tertiary water treatment facilities. This study was conducted to estimate the biomass of 4-year-old, intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) plantations and to estimate the...

Modeling the effect of initial planting density on within tree variation of stiffness in loblolly pine

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Laurence R. Schimleck; Lewis Jordan; Richard F. Daniels; Alex Clark

2012-01-01

Context Modulus of elasticity (MOE) is an important mechanical property determining the end-use and value of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) lumber. Aim In this study, a model was developed to predict the within tree variation of MOE, from pith-to-bark and stumpto- tip, using data collected...

Durability of selected mulches, their ability to control weeds, and influence growth of loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1999-01-01

Several mulc hes of natural, synthetic, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers were tested around newly planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings on a sheared and windrowed site in central Louisiana, U.S.A. The vegetation was primarily winter annuals, some residual grasses and forbs, and...

Differences in some chemical properties of innerwood and outerwood from five silviculturally different loblolly pine stands

Treesearch

Todd F. Shupe; Chung-Yun Hse; Elvin T. Choong; Leslie H. Groom

1997-01-01

The influence of five different silviculrural management strategies on the chemical composition (extractives, Klason lignin, holocellulose, and alpha-cellulose) of loblolly pine outerwood and innerwood was investigated. Stands that were managed in a plantation setting using growth-accelerating treatments showed higher extractive contents than the other stands. Wood...

Effects of fertilization and three years of throughfall reduction on leaf physiology of loblolly pine

Treesearch

Charles J. Pell; Lisa J. Samuelson

2016-01-01

Climate models project decreased soil water availability in the southeastern United States, which may impact loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) productivity. In conjunction with an interdisciplinary project known as PINEMAP, the objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of fertilization and a 30 percent reduction in throughfall on physiological...

Immature Loblolly Pine Growth and Biomass Accumulation: Correlations with Seedlings Initial First-Order Lateral Roots

Treesearch

Paul P. Kormanik; Shi-Jean S. Sung; Stanley J. Zarnoch

1998-01-01

Five to seven years after being graded by first-order lateral root (FOLR) numbers and outplanted, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were excavated using a commercial tree spade and root systems reevaluated. Current competitive position of trees was related to initial FOLR numbers of 1-0 seedlings. Current FOLR numbers were comparable among tree size classes, but...

Seasonal Shoot and Needle Growth of Loblolly Pine Responds to Thinning, Fertilization, and Crown Position

Treesearch

Zhenmin Tang; Jim L. Chambers; Suresh Guddanti; Shufang Yu; James P. Barnett

1999-01-01

The impacts of thinning, fertilization and crown position on seasonal growth of current-year shoots and foliage were studied in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the sixth post-treatment year (1994). Length of new flushes, and their needle length, leaf area, and oven-dry weight were measured in the upper and lower crown...

Effect of Six Site-Preperation Treatments on Piedmont Loblolly Pine Wood Properties at Age 15

Treesearch

Alexander Clark; M. Boyd Edwards

1999-01-01

The impact of weed control and fertilization on increased tree growth is positive and significant but the effects on wood properties are not well known. Incrernent cores were collectd from loblolly pine (pinus taeda L.) trees growing on an existing site-preparation experiment in the lower Piedmont of Georgia at age 15. The levels of site...

Relationship of Aboveground Biomass Production Site Index and Soil Characteristics in a Loblolly Pine Stand

Treesearch

Minyi Zhou; Thomas J. Dean

2004-01-01

As a part of the continuing studies of the Cooperative Research in Sustainable Silviculture and Soil Productivity (CRiSSSP), 24 experimental plots in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand have recently been installed near Natchitoches, LA. The plots were uniformly assigned to 3 blocks based on topography (i.e., up slope, midslope, and down slope)....

Seasonal branch and fine root growth of juvenile loblolly pine five growing seasons after fertilization

Treesearch

M.A. Sword; D.A. Gravatt; P.L. Faulkner; J.L. Chambers

1996-01-01

In 1989, we established two replications of two fertilization treatments in a 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Between March and September 1993, branch internode and needle fascicle expansion in the upper and lower third of crowns were measured weekly on three south-facing branches of each of four trees, and new root...

Loblolly pine needle decomposition and nutrient dynamics as affected by irrigation, fertilization, and substrate quality

Treesearch

Felipe G. Sanchez

2001-01-01

This study examined the effects of initial litter quality and irrigation and fertilization treatments on litter decomposition rates and nutrient dynamics (N, Ca, K, Mg, and P) of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine needles in the North Carolina Sand Hills over 3 years. Litter quality was based on the initial C/N ratios, with the high-quality litter having...

Effects of five silvicultural treatments on Loblolly pine in the Georgia Piedmont at age 20

Treesearch

M. Boyd Edwards; Barry D. Shiver; Stephen R. Logan

2003-01-01

Age 20data from a designed experimental study installed on 24 plots at one location in the LowerPiediizont in Jones County, Georgia, were used to evaluate the effect of six silviculrural treatments on survival, growth, and yield of cutover site-prepared loblolly pine plantations in the Georgia Piedmont. The following silvicultural treatments were included in the study...

Litter Decomposition and Soil Respiration Responses to Fuel-Reduction Treatments in Piedmond Loblolly Pine Forests

Treesearch

Mac A. Callaham; Peter H. Anderson; Thomas A. Waldrop; Darren J. Lione; Victor B. Shelburne

2004-01-01

As part of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study, we measured the short-term effects of different fuel-management practices on leaf litter decomposition and soil respiration in loblolly pine stands on the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. These stands had been subjected to a factorial arrangement of experimental fuel-management treatments that included prescribed...

Effect of early age woody and herbaceous competition control on wood properties of loblolly pine

Treesearch

F. Antony; L. R. Schimleck; L. Jordan; Alexander Clark; R. F. Daniels

2011-01-01

Early age competition control has been reported to significantly improve the growth and yield of plantation grown loblolly pine. The objective of this paper is to understand the changes in wood properties: basal area weighted whole disk SG, earlywood SG (EWSG), latewood SG (LWSG) and latewood percent (LWP) of 14 year-old trees which received early age herbaceous and...

A Strategy for the Third Breeding Cycle of Loblolly Pine in the Southeastern U.S.

Treesearch

S.E. McKeand; F.E. Bridgwater

1998-01-01

A strategy for the North Carolina State University - Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program's third-cycle breeding for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was developed to provide genetic gain in the short-term as well as to maintain genetic diversity so that long-term genetic gains will also be possible. Our strategy will be to manage a...

Tandem selection for fusiform rust sisease resistance to develop a clonal elite breeding population of loblolly pine

Treesearch

Steve McKeand; Saul Garcia; Josh Steiger; Jim Grissom; Ross Whetten; Fikret Isik

2012-01-01

The elite breeding populations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program are intensively managed for short-term genetic gain. Fusiform rust disease, caused by the fungus Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme, is the most economically...

Adjusting site index and age to account for genetic effects in yield equations for loblolly pine

Treesearch

Steven A. Knowe; G. Sam Foster

2010-01-01

Nine combinations of site index curves and age adjustments methods were evaluated for incorporating genetic effects for open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families. An explicit yield system consisting of dominant height, basal area, and merchantable green weight functions was used to compare the accuracy of predictions associated with...

Comparing methods of artificially regenerating loblolly and slash pines: container planting, bareroot planting, and spot seeding

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; James P Barnett

1994-01-01

In central Louisiana, loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii,) pines were artificially regenerated by three methods: (1)planting 14-week-old container stock, (2)planting 1+0 bareroot stock, and (3)spot seeding. A common seed source was use for each species for all regeneration...

Visual Basic Growth-and-Yield Models With A Merchandising Optimizer For Planted Slash and Loblolly Pine in the West Gulf Region

Treesearch

R.L. Busby; S.J. Chang; P.R. Pasala; J.C.G. Goelz

2004-01-01

We developed two growth-and-yield models for thinned and unthinned plantations of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.). The models, VB Merch-Slash and VB Merch-Lob, can be used to forecast product volumes and stand values for stands partitioned into 1-inch diameter-at...

Variation in Loblolly pine cross-sectional microfibril angle with tree height and physiographic region

Treesearch

Lewis Jordon; Rechum Re; Daniel B. Hall; Alexander Clark; Richard F. Daniels

2006-01-01

The effect of height and physiographic region on whole disk cross-sectional microfibril angle (CSMFA) in loblolly pine (Pinus raeda L.) in the southern United States was evaluated. Whole disk CSMFA was determined at 1.4, 4.6, 7.6, 10.7, and 13.7 m up the stem of 59 trees, representing five physiographic regions. A mixed-effects analysis of variance was performed to...

An annotated genetic map of loblolly pine based on microsatellite and cDNA markers

Treesearch

Craig S. Echt; Surya Saha; Konstantin V. Krutovsky; Kokulapalan Wimalanathan; John E. Erpelding; Chun Liang; C Dana Nelson

2011-01-01

Previous loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genetic linkage maps have been based on a variety of DNA polymorphisms, such as AFLPs, RAPDs, RFLPs, and ESTPs, but only a few SSRs (simple sequence repeats), also known as simple tandem repeats or microsatellites, have been mapped in P. taeda. The objective of this study was to integrate a large set of SSR markers from a variety...

Fifth-Year Height and Survival of Loblolly Pine Across Tennessee Following Various Silvicultural Treatments

Treesearch

Lyle E. Taylor; John C. Rennie

2002-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) was planted at nine experiment stations located across Tennessee in 1993-94 and 1994-95 using a customized fractional factorial design. Two sites, good and poor, were chosen on each experiment station to compare effects of soil productivity on height and survival. At each site, three treatments were evaluated: spacing (8X8, 8X10, and 10X10...

The effect of pile size on moisture content of loblolly pine while field drying

Treesearch

John Klepac; Dana Mitchell; Jason and Thompson

2014-01-01

A 14-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation approximately 5 acres in size was cut during August 2013 with a tracked feller-buncher. A grapple skidder transported trees from one-half of the tract to a landing where they were piled whole-tree. Remaining trees were left whole-tree in skidder bundles (small piles) in the stand. All trees were left on-site and...

Genetic effects on early stand development of improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings

Treesearch

S. Sharma; Joshua P. Adams; Jamie L. Schuler; Don C. Bragg; Robert L. Ficklin

2013-01-01

This study was conducted to assess the effect of genotype on the early performance of improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings planted on the University of Arkansas at Monticello School Forest located in southeast Arkansas.We used a split-plot design consisting of two spacing treatments (3.05 m × 3.05 m and 3.05 m × 4.27 m) randomly...

Leaf traits in relation to crown development, light interception and growth of elite families of loblolly and slash pine.

PubMed

Chmura, Daniel J; Tjoelker, Mark G

2008-05-01

Crown architecture and size influence leaf area distribution within tree crowns and have large effects on the light environment in forest canopies. The use of selected genotypes in combination with silvicultural treatments that optimize site conditions in forest plantations provide both a challenge and an opportunity to study the biological and environmental determinants of forest growth. We investigated tree growth, crown development and leaf traits of two elite families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and one family of slash pine (P. elliottii Mill.) at canopy closure. Two contrasting silvicultural treatments -- repeated fertilization and control of competing vegetation (MI treatment), and a single fertilization and control of competing vegetation treatment (C treatment) -- were applied at two experimental sites in the West Gulf Coastal Plain in Texas and Louisiana. At a common tree size (diameter at breast height), loblolly pine trees had longer and wider crowns, and at the plot-level, intercepted a greater fraction of photosynthetic photon flux than slash pine trees. Leaf-level, light-saturated assimilation rates (A(max)) and both mass- and area-based leaf nitrogen (N) decreased, and specific leaf area (SLA) increased with increasing canopy depth. Leaf-trait gradients were steeper in crowns of loblolly pine trees than of slash pine trees for SLA and leaf N, but not for A(max). There were no species differences in A(max), except in mass-based photosynthesis in upper crowns, but the effect of silvicultural treatment on A(max) differed between sites. Across all crown positions, A(max) was correlated with leaf N, but the relationship differed between sites and treatments. Observed patterns of variation in leaf properties within crowns reflected acclimation to developing light gradients in stands with closing canopies. Tree growth was not directly related to A(max), but there was a strong correlation between tree growth and plot-level light interception in both

Effects of a Commercial Chitosan Formulation on Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Resistance Parameters in Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

K. D. Klepzig; B. L. Strom

2011-01-01

A commercially available chitosan product, Beyond™, was evaluated for its effects on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., responses believed related to bark beetle resistance. Treatments were applied 4 times at approx. 6-wk intervals between May and November 2008. Five treatments were evaluated: ground application (soil drench), foliar application, ground...

Seasonal photosynthesis and water relations of juvenile loblolly pine relative to stand density and canopy position

Treesearch

Zhenmin Tang; Jim L. Chambers; Mary A. Sword Sayer; James P. Barnett

2003-01-01

To assess the effects of stand density and canopy environment on tree physiology, we measured gas exchange responses of the same needle age class of 16-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in thinned (512 trees ha-1) and non-thinned treatment plots (2,863 trees ha-1) in central Louisiana....

Stand level height-diameter mixed effects models: parameters fitted using loblolly pine but calibrated for sweetgum

Treesearch

Curtis L. Vanderschaaf

2008-01-01

Mixed effects models can be used to obtain site-specific parameters through the use of model calibration that often produces better predictions of independent data. This study examined whether parameters of a mixed effect height-diameter model estimated using loblolly pine plantation data but calibrated using sweetgum plantation data would produce reasonable...

Growth Response From Herbicide, Prescribed Fire, and Fertilizer Treatments in Midrotational Loblolly Pine: Fire-Year Response

Treesearch

Mary Michelle Barnett; Sandra Rideout; Brian P. Oswald; Kenneth W. Farrish; Hans M. Williams

2002-01-01

This study was initiated to determine growth response resulting from the application of prescribed fire and herbicide, with and without fertilization. In southeast Texas, herbicide, prescribed fire and fertilizer treatments were applied in mid-rotational loblolly pine plantations 1.5 years after thinning. Five replications were established at each of two study sites...

Effect of silvicultural practice and wood type on loblolly pine particleboard and medium density fiberboard properties

Treesearch

Todd F. Shupe; Chung Y. Hse; Elvin T. Choong; Leslie H. Groom

1999-01-01

he objective of this study was to determine the effect of five different silvicultural strategies and wood type on mechanical and physical properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) particleboard and fiberboard. The furnish was prepared in an unconventional manner from innerwood and outerwood veneer for each stand. Modulus of rupture (MOR)...

Soil organic matter fractions in loblolly pine forests of Coastal North Carolina managed for bioenergy production

Treesearch

Kevan J. Minick; Brian D. Strahm; Thomas R. Fox; Eric B. Surce; Zakiya H. Leggett

2015-01-01

Dependence on foreign oil continues to increase, and concern over rising atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases has intensified research into sustainable biofuel production. Intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) between planted rows of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) offers an opportunity to utilize inter-row space that typically contains herbaceous and...

A Regional Study on the Influence of Woody and Herbaceous Competition on Early Loblolly Pine Growth

Treesearch

James H. Miller; Bruce R. Zutter; Shepard M. Zedaker; M. Boyd Edward; James D. Haywood

1991-01-01

A common study design has been installed at 14 locatoins Southwide to track the growth of loblolly pine established with four different competition control treatments: (a) no control, (b) woody control, (c) herbaceous control, and (d) total control after site preparation. This regionwide investigation is the Competition Omission Monitoring Project (COMP). During the...

Cone consumption by southeastern fox squirrels: A potential basis for clonal preferences in a loblolly and slash pine seed orchard

Treesearch

Christopher Asaro; Susan C. Loeb; James L. Hanula

2003-01-01

Southeastern fox squirrels were observed feeding preferentially on seeds of certain clones of loblolly pine in a central Georgia seed orchard in the early 1990s and, similarly, on slash pine seed in an orchard in central Florida in the late 1990s. In each orchard, the degree of feeding preference and avoidance among selected clones was documented and quantified. We...

The effects of decreased water availability on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) productivity and the interaction between fertilizer and drought

Treesearch

Adam O. Maggard; Rodney E. Will; Duncan S. Wilson; Cassandra R. Meek

2016-01-01

As part of the regional PINEMAP (Pine Integrated Network: Education, Mitigation, and Adaptation project) funded by the NIFA - USDA, we established a factorial study in McCurtain County, OK near Broken Bow. This study examined the effects of fertilization and ~30 percent reduction in throughfall on an seven-yearold loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. The...

Influence of Fertilization, Weed Control, and Pine Litter on Loblolly Pine Growth and Productivity and Understory Plant Development Through 12 Growing Seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Jeffery C. Goelz; Mary A. Sword-Sayer; Allan E. Tiarks

2003-01-01

On a silt loam soil in central Louisiana, three cultural treatments were applied to a seedling loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. The treatments were in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design: (1) no fertilization or a broadcast application of 177 kg N/ha and 151 kg P/ha; (2) no herbicides applied or broadcast or spot applications of hexazinone,...

Effects of first thinning on growth of loblolly pine plantations in the West Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Dean W. Coble; Jason B. Grogan

2016-01-01

The purpose of this research is to analyze thinning response in basal area and height growth of residual loblolly pine trees growing in plantations located in the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Thinning is a well-known silvicultural practice that increases the growing space available to desirable trees by removing competing trees.

Economics of intercropping loblolly pine and switchgrass for bioenergy markets in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Andres Susaeta; Janaki Alavalapati Pankaj Lal; D. Evan Mercer; Douglas Carter

2012-01-01

Abstract The main objective of this study was to assess the economics of alley cropping of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the southern United States. Assuming a price range of switchgrass between $15 and $50 Mg-1 and yield of 12 Mg ha-1 year-1, we investigated the effect of switchgrass production on the optimal forest management...

Morphological characteristics of loblolly pine wood as related to specific gravity, growth rate and distance from pith

Treesearch

Charles W. McMillin

1968-01-01

Earlywood and latewood tracheid length and transverse cellular dimensions of wood removed from stems of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and factorially aegregated by specific gravity, rings from the pith, and growth rate were determined from sample chips. The independent relationships of each factor with fiber morphology are described.

Genetic variation in basal area increment phenology and its correlation with growth rate in loblolly and slash pine families and clones

Treesearch

Veronica I. Emhart; Timothy A. Martin; Timothy L. White; Dudley A. Huber

2006-01-01

We quantified basal area increment phenology over a 2-year period in one loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) full-sib families propagated as rooting cuttings. In 2002, basal area growth started in March and stopped in October for both species, while in 2003, initiation and cessation occurred 2...

Hardwood Control Treatments to Enhance Natural Regeneration and Growth of Loblolly-Shortleaf Pines in an Uneven-Aged Stand: 12-Year Results

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1999-01-01

To facilitate natural regeneration of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (P. echinata Mill.) in an overstocked, uneven-aged pine stand in southeastern Arkansas, hardwoods were controlled by either basal injection of Tordon® 101 R, soil application of Velpar® L, or rotary mowing followed by a broadcast spray of Tordon®...

Natural loblolly and shortleaf pine productivity through 53 years of management under four reproduction cutting methods

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

2001-01-01

A study was initiated in 1943 to evaluate the long-term productivity of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (P. echinata Mill.) when managed under four reproduction cutting methods—clearcut, heavy seedtree, diameter-limit, and selection—on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas. Early volume production...

Maximum growth potential in loblolly pine: results from a 47-year-old spacing study in Hawaii

Treesearch

Lisa J. Samuelson; Thomas L. Eberhardt; John R. Butnor; Tom A. Stokes; Kurt H. Johnsen

2010-01-01

Growth, allocation to woody root biomass, wood properties, leaf physiology, and shoot morphology were examined in a 47-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) density trial located in Maui, Hawaii, to determine if stands continued to carry the high density, basal area, and volume reported at younger ages and to identify potential factors controlling...

Genetic variation in susceptibility to fusiform rust in seedlings from a wild population of loblolly pine

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.; Roy W. Stonecypher

1969-01-01

Striking genetic variation in susceptibility to fusiform rust was observed among SS controlled-pollinated (CP) and 48 wind-pollinated (WP) families from parent trees of loblolly pine selected at random in a natural forest stand in southwest Georgia. The mating design permitted statistical tests for estimating both additive and total genetic variance. WP families were...

Fusiform Rust Infection of Loblolly and Slash Pines After Artificial Inoculation and Natural Exposure in Plantations

Treesearch

Earl R. Sluder; H.R. Powers

1982-01-01

Seedlings from progenies of slash and loblolly pines were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to the fusiform rust fungus in greenhouse inoculations by the concentrated basidiospore spray system and the other was exposed to natural infection in field progeny tests. Within families, correlations between percentages of seedlings infected after field and...

Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing wood specific gravity in an outbred pedigree of loblolly pine

Treesearch

A. Groover; M. Devey; T. Fiddler; J. Lee; R. Megraw; T. Mitchel-Olds; B. Sherman; S. Vujcic; C. Williams; D. Neale

1994-01-01

We report the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing wood specific gravity (WSG) in an outbred pedigree of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) . QTL mapping in an outcrossing species is complicated by the presence of multiple alleles (>2) at QTL and marker loci. Multiple alleles at QTL allow the examination of interaction among...

Responses of two genetically superior loblolly pine clonal ideotypes to a severe ice storm

Treesearch

Lauren S. Pile; Christopher A. Maier; G. Geoff Wang; Dapao Yu; Tim M. Shearman

2016-01-01

An increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as major ice storms, can have severe impacts on southern forests. We investigated the damage inflicted by a severe ice storm that occurred in February 2014 on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) ideotypes in Cross, South Carolina located in the southeastern coastal plain. The ‘‘narrow crown”...

Responses of loblolly pine, sweetgum and crab grass roots to localized increases in nitrogen in two watering regimes

Treesearch

Kim H. Ludovici; L.A. Morris

1995-01-01

Root responses to differences in availability of nitrogen and soil water were studied in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in monoculture and in competition with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) or crab grass (Digitaria spp.). Rhizotron cells were maintained at high soil water availability (...

Effects of precommercial thinning in naturally regenerated loblolly-shortleaf pine stands in the upper west gulf coastal plain: results after two growing seasons

Treesearch

James M. Guldin; Michael G. Shelton

2010-01-01

The benefits of precommercial thinning in naturally regenerated stands of southern pines have been well documented, but questions remain about how long precommercial thinning can be delayed and still be biologically and economically effective. In 2004, a precommercial thinning demonstration study was installed in naturally regenerated loblolly-shortleaf pine (...

Accelerated Stem Growth Rates and Improved Fiber Properties of Loblolly Pine: Functional Analysis Of CyclinD from Pinus taeda

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dr. John Cairney, School of Biology and Institute of Paper Science and Technology @ Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dr. Gary Peter, University of Florida; Dr. Ulrika Egertsdotter, Dept. of Forestry, Virgina Tech

A sustained supply of low-cost, high quality raw materials is essential for the future success of the U.S. forest products industry. To maximize stem (trunk) growth, a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell divisions within the cambial meristem is essential. We hypothesize that auxin levels within the cambial meristem regulate cyclin gene expression and this in turn controls cell cycle progression as occurs in all eukaryotic cells. Work with model plant species has shown that ectopic overexpression of cyclins promotes cell division thereby increasing root growth > five times. We intended to test whether ectopic overexpression ofmore » cambial cyclins in the cambial zone of loblolly pine also promotes cell division rates that enhance stem growth rates. Results generated in model annual angiosperm systems cannot be reliably extrapolated to perennial gymnosperms, thus while the generation and development of transgenic pine is time consuming, this is the necessary approach for meaningful data. We succeeded in isolating a cyclin D gene and Clustal analysis to the Arabidopsis cyclin D gene family indicates that it is more closely related to cyclin D2 than D1 or D3 Using this gene as a probe we observed a small stimulation of cyclin D expression in somatic embryo culture upon addition of auxin. We hypothesized that trees with more cells in the vascular cambial and expansion zones will have higher cyclin mRNA levels. We demonstrated that in trees under compressive stress where the rates of cambial divisions are increased on the underside of the stem relative to the top or opposite side, there was a 20 fold increase in the level of PtcyclinD1 mRNA on the compressed side of the stem relative to the opposite. This suggests that higher secondary growth rates correlate with PtcyclinD1 expression. We showed that larger diameter trees show more growth during each year and that the increased growth in loblolly pine trees correlates with more

Short-term changes in loblolly pine water conductance and photosynthetic capacity from fertilizer source and straw harvesting

Treesearch

Michael A. Blazier; Keith Ellum; Hal O. Liechty

2012-01-01

Organic matter removal associated with intensive straw harvesting in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations has the potential to alter tree water regimes and photosynthetic capacity. Fertilization done to remedy nutrient removals from straw harvesting, as well as the type of fertilizer, likewise has potential to change water regimes and...

Energy trade-offs between intensive biomass utilization, site productivity loss, and ameliorative treatments in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

D. Andrew Scott; Thomas J. Dean

2006-01-01

Loblolly pine plantations are the most important source of forest products in the US and the slash remaining after conventional harvest represents a significant potential source of bioenergy. However, slash removal in intensive harvests might, under some circumstances, reduce site productivity by reducing soil organic matter and associated nutrients. Two complimentary...

Public preferences for nontimber benefits of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands regenerated by different site preparation methods

Treesearch

Jianbang Gan; Stephen H. Kolison; James Miller

2000-01-01

This study assesses public preferences for nontimber benefits of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)stands regenerated 1.5 yr earlier using different site preparation treatments at national forest and industrial forestry sites. Treatments tested on the Tuskegee National Forest were none, chainsaw felling, tree injection, and soil-active herbicide. At the...

Whole-canopy gas exchange among four elite loblolly pine seed sources planted in the western gulf region

Treesearch

Bradley S. Osbon; Michael A. Blazier; Michael C. Tyree; Mary Anne Sword-Sayer

2012-01-01

Planting of artificially selected, improved seedlings has led to large increases in productivity of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests in the southeastern United States. However, more data are needed to give a deeper understanding of how physiology and crown architecture affect productivity of diverse genotypes. The objective...

The effects of planting density and cultural intensity on loblolly pine crown characteristics at age twelve

Treesearch

Madison Akers; Michael Kane; Robert Teskey; Richard Daniels; Dehai Zhao; Santosh Subedi

2012-01-01

Twelve-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands were analyzed for the effects of planting density and cultural intensity on tree and crown attributes. Four study installations were located in the Piedmont and Upper Coastal Plain regions of the U.S. South. The treatments included six planting densities (740, 1480, 2220, 2960, 3700, 4440 trees...

Effects of stand and site variables on the lumber value of uneven-aged loblolly pine stands

Treesearch

David W. Patterson; Paul A. Murphy; Michael G. Shelton

2000-01-01

Uneven-aged silviculture using single-tree selection provides the landowner with periodic income from a continuous forest which has a varied canopy. Data were collected from 24 plots of a larger study to determine if site index, basal area, and maximum dbh affected volume and value of lumber from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees in uneven-aged...

Snag characteristics and dynamics following natural and artificially induced mortality in a managed loblolly pine forest

Treesearch

Stanley Zarnoch; Mark A. Vukovich; John C. Kilgo; John I. Blake

2013-01-01

A 14-year study of snag characteristics was established in 41- to 44-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in southeastern USA. During the initial 5.5 years, no stand manipulation or unusually high-mortality events occurred. Afterwards, three treatments were applied consisting of trees thinned and removed, trees felled and not removed, and artificial creation...

Ice damage effects on an old-field, thinned and fertilized loblolly pine stand in South Carolina

Treesearch

Bryan C. McElvany; Beth W. Richardson; E. David Dickens

2006-01-01

On January 26, 2004, an ice storm impacted 15 South Carolina counties. An established fertilization study area in Clarendon County, SC, was in the affected region. This old-field, thinned, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand was fertilized in the spring of 1998. Treatments consisted of: (1) control; (2) poultry litter (7 tons acre-1); and (3)...

Relation of Stem Diameter, Branch Basal Area, and Leaf Biomass in Rapidly Growing Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Thomas M. Williams; Charles A. Gresham

2004-01-01

Twenty loblolly pines, growing in International Paper’s maximum growth experiment at Bainbridge GA, were destructively sampled at the end of the sixth growing season. Ten trees in the control and 10 in the maximum treatment were sampled. All trees were planted at a 2.4- by 3.6-m spacing and grown with complete competition control. The maximum trees also received...

Influence of hardwood midstory and pine species on pine bole arthropods

Treesearch

Christopher S. Collins; Richard N. Conner; Daniel Saenz

2002-01-01

Arthropod density on the boles of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) was compared between a stand with and stand without hardwood midstory and between a stand of loblolly and shortleaf pines (P. echinata) in the Stephen E Austin Experimental Forest, Nacogdoches Co., Texas, USA from September 1993 through July 1994. Arthropod density was...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation, and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles

Treesearch

Fitzgerald L. Booker; Christopher A. Maier

2001-01-01

Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin, proanthocyanidins (PA), lignin and nitrogen (N) were measured in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles exposed to either ambient CO2 concentration ([CO2]), ambient plus 175 or ambient plus 350 µmol O2 mol-1 in branch chambers...

12 years of intensive management increases soil carbon stocks in Loblolly pine and Sweetgum stands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanchez, F. G.; Samuelson, L.; Johnsen, K.

2009-12-01

To achieve and maintain productivity goals, forest managers rely on intensive management strategies. These strategies have resulted in considerable gains in forest productivity. However, the impacts of these strategies on belowground carbon dynamics is less clear. Carbon dynamics are influenced by a multitude of factors including soil moisture, nutrient status, net primary productivity and carbon allocation patterns. In this study, we describe the impact of four management strategies on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in 12-year-old loblolly pine and sweetgum plantations. The management strategies are: (1) complete understory control, (2) complete understory control + drip irrigation, (3) complete understory control + drip irrigation and fertilization and (4) complete understory control + drip irrigation and fertilization and pest control. These management strategies were replicated on 3 blocks in a randomized complete block design. After 12 years, soil carbon stocks increased with increasing management intensity for both tree species. This effect was consistent throughout the depth increments measured (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm). Alternatively, no significant effect was detected for soil nitrogen at any depth increment. Sweetgum had higher soil carbon and nitrogen stocks at each depth increment than loblolly pine. There was a greater difference in nitrogen stocks than carbon stocks between the two species resulting in lower soil C:N ratios in the sweetgum stands. These observations may be due to differences in net primary productivity, rooting structure and carbon allocation patterns of sweetgum compared with loblolly pine. To determine the relative stability of the carbon and nitrogen stocks for the different treatments and tree species, we sequentially fractionated the soil samples into six fractions of differing stability. Although soil carbon stocks for both species increased with management intensity, there was no detectable difference in the soil carbon

Impacts of Rate of Hexazinone Application on Survival and Growth of the Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

J.L. Michael

1984-01-01

Hexazinone [3-cyc1ohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H, 3H)-dionel in 2-cc pellets (10% active ingredient) was applied at rates of 0,2,4, and 8 pounds of active ingredient per acre for site preparation on clay soil in a randomized experiment in May 1980. Loblolly pine seedlings planted to the site in January 1981 were measured for diameter 3 inches...

Identification of nine pathotype-specific genes conferring resistance to fusiform rust in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Henry Amerson; C. Dana Nelson; Thomas L. Kubisiak; E.George Kuhlman; Saul Garcia

2015-01-01

Nearly two decades of research on the host-pathogen interaction in fusiform rust of loblolly pine is detailed. Results clearly indicate that pathotype-specific genes in the host interacting with pathogen avirulence cause resistance as defined by the non-gall phenotype under favorable environmental conditions for disease development. In particular, nine fusiform rust...

Potential carry-over of seeds from 11 common shrub and vine competitors of loblolly and shortleaf pines

Treesearch

Michael G. Shelton; Michael D. Cain

2002-01-01

Many of the competitors of the regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda, L. and Pinus echinata Mill., respectively) develop from seed disseminated on the site after reproduction cutting or from the seed bank. To evaluate the potential carry-over of the seeds from 11 shrub and vine competitors of these two...

The Influence of Woody and Herbaceous Competition on Early Growth of Naturally Regenerated Loblolly and Shortleaf Pines

Treesearch

M. D. Cain

1991-01-01

Four levels of competition control were used to study the response of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Treatments included: (1) Check (no competition control), (2) woody competition control, herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. Herbaceous plants were...

Response of loblolly pine to complete woody and herbaceous control: projected yields and economic outcomes - the COMProject

Treesearch

James H. Miller; R.L. Busby; B.R. Zutter; S.M. Zedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

1995-01-01

Abstract.Age-8 and -9 data from the 13 study plantations of the Competition Omission Monitoring Project (COMP) were used to project yields and derive economic outcomes for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). COMP treatments were chop-burn, complete woody plant control, complete herbaceous plant control for 4 years, and complete woody...

Efficacy of two insecticides for protecting loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) from subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae)

Treesearch

Jordon L. Burke; James L. Hanula; Scott Horn; Jackson P. Audley; Kamal JK. Gandhi

2012-01-01

Tests were conducted on two insecticides (carbaryl and bifenthrin) for excluding subcortical beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae and Cerambycidae) from loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.). Two trap designs (single- and double-pane windows) and two trapping heights (1.5 and 4m) were also evaluated for maximizing beetle catches.

Inter- and Intra-Specific Differences in Foliar N Concentrations of Juvenile Loblolly and Slash Pine in North Florida

Treesearch

Yu Xiao; Eric J. Jokela; Tim L. White; Dudley A. Huber

2002-01-01

Differences in foliar N concentrations among species, families, and clones may contribute to variation in relative growth performance under varying environmental conditions. Only limited information exists regarding the importance of genetic vs. environmental controls on the nutritional characteristics of loblolly and slash pine. Knowledge of these processes may...

Yield and financial performance estimates of four elite loblolly pine seed sources planted in the Western Gulf Region

Treesearch

Michael A. Blazier; A. Gordon Holley

2015-01-01

Eastern seed sources of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) have been planted in the Western Gulf region for nearly three decades because they often have higher growth rates than local seed sources. However, productivity gains for eastern families are sometimes offset by poorer survival rates relative to local families.

Genetic effects on transpiration, canopy conductance, stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit, and cavitation resistance in loblolly pine

Treesearch

Michael J Aspinwall; John S King; Jean-Christophe Domec; Steven E McKeand; Isik Fikret

2011-01-01

Physiological uniformity and genetic effects on canopy-level gas-exchange and hydraulic function could impact loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation sustainability and ecosystem dynamics under projected changes in climate. Over a 1-year period, we examined genetic effects on mean and maximum mid-day canopy conductance (Gs, Gsmax...

The effects of drought and disturbance on the growth and developmental instability of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

John H. Graham; Jeffrey J. Duda; Michelle L. Brown; Stanley Kitchen; John M. Emlen; Jagadish Malol; Elizabeth Bankstahl; Anthony J. Krzysik; Harold Balbach; D. Carl Freeman

2012-01-01

Ecological indicators provide early warning of adverse environmental change, helping land managers adaptively manage their resources while minimizing costly remediation. In 1999 and 2000, we studied two such indicators, growth and developmental instability, of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) influenced by mechanized infantry training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Disturbed...

Diet of southern toads (Bufo terrestris) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands subject to coarse woody debris manipulations

Treesearch

Kurtis R. Moseley; Steven B. Castleberry; James L. Hanula; W. Mark Ford

2004-01-01

In the southeastern United States, coarse woody debris (CWD) typically harbors high densities of invertebrates. However, its importance as a foraging substrate for southeastern amphibians is relatively unknown. We examined effects of CWD manipulations on diet composition of southern toads (Bufo tmrestns) in upland loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands...

The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Treesearch

Stephen W. Fraedrich; Michelle M. Cram

2002-01-01

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of...

Comparison of log quality from even-aged and uneven-aged loblolly pine stands in south Arkansas

Treesearch

James M. Guldin; Michael W. Fitzpatrick

1991-01-01

Log grade, number of knots, and log volume of the first two logs, as well as form class of the butt log, were compared across three broad sawtimber categories among even-aged plantations, even-aged natural stands, and uneven-aged natural stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L .) in Ashley County, AR. Trees from uneven-aged stands had butt logs of...

Wildfire mitigation strategies affect soil enzyme activity and soil organic carbon in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests

Treesearch

R.E.J. Boerner; T.A. Waldrop; V.B. Shelburne

2006-01-01

We quantified the effects of three wildfire hazard reduction treatments (prescribed fire, thinning from below, and the combination of fire and thinning), and passive management (control) on mineral soil organic C, and enzyme activity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests on the Piedmont of South Carolina. Soil organic C was reduced by thinning,...

The effects of sower and bed density on bareroot loblolly pine seedling morphology and early height growth

Treesearch

Hans M. Williams; Tim Stewart

2006-01-01

Precision sowing is commonly used at forest tree nurseries in order to improve the growing space uniformity of seedlings in the beds. Temple-Inland Forest Products Corporation recently purchased a vacuum sower and requested a study be conducted comparing their new sower with a drill sower on the morphological characteristics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda...

A novel multifunctional O-methyltransferase implicated in a dual methylation pathway associated with lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine.

PubMed

Li, L; Popko, J L; Zhang, X H; Osakabe, K; Tsai, C J; Joshi, C P; Chiang, V L

1997-05-13

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) catalyze the methylation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives for the synthesis of methylated plant polyphenolics, including lignin. The distinction in the extent of methylation of lignins in angiosperms and gymnosperms, mediated by substrate-specific OMTs, represents one of the fundamental differences in lignin biosynthesis between these two classes of plants. In angiosperms, two types of structurally and functionally distinct lignin pathway OMTs, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferases (CAOMTs) and caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs), have been reported and extensively studied. However, little is known about lignin pathway OMTs in gymnosperms. We report here the first cloning of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) xylem cDNA encoding a multifunctional enzyme, SAM:hydroxycinnamic Acids/hydroxycinnamoyl CoA Esters OMT (AEOMT). The deduced protein sequence of AEOMT is partially similar to, but clearly distinguishable from, that of CAOMTs and does not exhibit any significant similarity with CCoAOMT protein sequences. However, functionally, yeast-expressed AEOMT enzyme catalyzed the methylation of CAOMT substrates, caffeic and 5-hydroxyferulic acids, as well as CCoAOMT substrates, caffeoyl CoA and 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA esters, with similar specific activities and was completely inactive with substrates associated with flavonoid synthesis. The lignin-related substrates were also efficiently methylated in crude extracts of loblolly pine secondary xylem. Our results support the notion that, in the context of amino acid sequence and biochemical function, AEOMT represents a novel SAM-dependent OMT, with both CAOMT and CCoAOMT activities and thus the potential to mediate a dual methylation pathway in lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine xylem.

Nitrogen levels, top pruning, and lifting date affect nursery development and early field performance of loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Paul P. Kormanik; Taryn L. Kormanik; Shi-Jean S. Sung; Stanley L Zarnoch

1999-01-01

Loblolly pine seedling nursery development and 3-year field performance were contrasted between two nitrogen (N) application regimes and comparable top pruning regimes. Other initial soil nutritional elements were comparable, but high N seedlings received 150 lb/acre N (as NH4NO3) and low N seedlings received half this...

Below-ground carbon input to soil is controlled by nutrient availability and fine root dynamics in loblolly pine

Treesearch

John S. King; Timothy J. Albaugh; H. Lee Allen; Boyd R. Strain; Phillip Dougherty

2002-01-01

Availability of growth limiting resources may alter root dynamics in forest ecosystems, possibly affecting the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon. This was evaluated for a commercially important southern timber species by installing a factorial experiment of fertilization and irrigation treatments in an 8-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation...

Twenty years of natural loblolly and shortleaf pine seed production on the Crossett Experimental Forest in southeastern Arkansas

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

2001-01-01

Loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L. and P. chinata Mill., respectively) seed crops were monitored for 20 consecutive years (1980-1981 through 1999-2000) using seed-collection traps in natural stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas. Each seed-collection period began on October 1 and continued...

Determination of loblolly pine response to cultural treatments based on soil class, base productivity, and competition level

Treesearch

David Garrett; Michael Kane; Daniel Markewitz; Dehai Zhao

2015-01-01

The objective of this research is to better understand what factors drive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth response to intensive culture in the University of Georgia Plantation Management Research Cooperative’s Culture x Density study in the Piedmont and Upper Coastal Plain. Twenty study sites were established ranging from southern Alabama to South Carolina in...

Relative Fusiform Rust Resistance of Loblolly and Slash Pine Sources and Families in Georgia and South Carolina

Treesearch

E. George Kuhlman; Harry R. Powers; William D. Pepper

1995-01-01

Loblolly and slash pine seedlings from the fusiform rust resistant orchards developed cooperatively by the USDA Forest Service and the Georgia Forestry Commission had significantly less rust 7 to 8 years after planting on four of five sites in the Southeastern United States than seedlings of the same species from orchard sources developed primarily for silvicultural...

A Simple Competition Assessment System Associated with Intensive Competition Control in Natural Loblolly - Shortleaf Pine Seedling Stands

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1989-01-01

A simple competition assessment system was evaluated a.s part of an intensive competition control study in a natural, even-aged stand of loblolly-short-leaf pine (Pinus taeda L.-P. echinata Mill.) seedlings in southern Arkansas. Four levels of competition control were maintained annually for 3 years as follows: (1) no competition control, (2) woody com- petition...

Genetic effects on stand-level uniformity, and above- and belowground dry mass production in juvenile loblolly pine

Treesearch

Michael J. Aspinwall; John S. King; Steven E. McKeand; Bronson P. Bullock

2012-01-01

Several decades of tree improvement operations have drastically increased loblolly pine plantation productivity in the southern U.S. (McKeand et al., 2003). This work has lead to the availability of a number of highly productive open-pollinated and full-sib families (McKeand et al., 2006). In addition, vegetative propagation (somatic embryogenesis) has also made it...

Cloning and characterization of a serotonin N-acetyltransferase from a gymnosperm, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda).

PubMed

Park, Sangkyu; Byeon, Yeong; Lee, Hyoung Yool; Kim, Young-Soon; Ahn, Taeho; Back, Kyoungwhan

2014-10-01

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis in both animals and plants. SNAT catalyzes serotonin into N-acetylserotonin, an immediate precursor for melatonin biosynthesis by N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). We cloned the SNAT gene from a gymnosperm loblolly pine (Pinus teada). The loblolly pine SNAT (PtSNAT) gene encodes 255 amino acids harboring a transit sequence with 67 amino acids and shows 67% amino acid identity with rice SNAT when comparing the mature polypeptide regions. Purified recombinant PtSNAT showed peak activity at 55°C with the K(m) (428 μM) and Vmax (3.9 nmol/min/mg protein) values. As predicted, PtSNAT localized to chloroplasts. The SNAT mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues, including leaf, bud, flower, and pinecone, whereas the corresponding protein was detected only in leaf. In accordance with the exclusive SNAT protein expression in leaf, melatonin was detected only in leaf at 0.45 ng per gram fresh weight. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gymnosperm PtSNAT had high homology with SNATs from all plant phyla (even with cyanobacteria), and formed a clade separated from the angiosperm SNATs, suggestive of direct gene transfer from cyanobacteria via endosymbiosis. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands - III. Natural Stands Cutover 15 Years Previously but Unmanaged

Treesearch

James B. Baker; Michael G. Shelton

1998-01-01

Plots in an unmanaged loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.-P. echinata Mill.) stand that had been cutover 15 yr previously were established to represent five stocking levels: 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The stand was on a good site (site indexLob = 90 ft at 50 yr) and had uneven-aged character. Two competition control treatments (none and individual tree release using...

Irrigation and fertilization effects on foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in a loblolly pine stand

Treesearch

Woo-Jung Choi; Scott X. Chang; H. Lee Allen; Daniel L. Kelting; Hee-Myong Ro

2005-01-01

We examined 813C and 815N in needle (current and 1-year-old) and soil samples collected on two occasions (July and September 1999) from a 15-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand in an irrigation and fertilization experiment to investigate whether these treatments leave specific isotope signals in...

Genetic Analysis of earl field growth of loblolly pine clones and seedlings from the same full-sib families

Treesearch

Brian Baltunis; Dudley Huber; Tim Wite

2006-01-01

The Forest Biology Research Cooperative recently established a series of loblolly pine clonal trials known as CCLONES (Comparing Clonal Lines on Experimental Sites). There are three primary levels of genetic structure in this study (parental, full-sib family, clone) that strengthen the power of CCLONES for examining genetic mechanisms and interactions with cultural...

Growth and Yield Relative to Competition for Loblolly Pine Plantations to Midrotation- A Southeastern United States Regional Study

Treesearch

James H. Miller; Bruce R. Zutter; Shepard M. Zedaker; M. Boyd Edwards; Ray A. Newbold

2003-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were studied across 13 southeastern sites grown for 1.5 yr with near-complete control of woody, herbaceous, and woody plus herbaceous components during the first 3-5 yr. This multiple objective experiment (the COMProject) documents stand dynamics at the extreme corners of the response surface that...

Effect of Harvest Residue Management on Tree Productivity and Carbon Pools during Early Stand Development in a Loblolly Pine Plantation

Treesearch

Chris A. Maier; Kurt H. Johnsen; Phillip Dougherty; Daniel McInnis; Pete Anderson; Steve Patterson

2012-01-01

Soil incorporation of postharvest forest floor or logging residues during site preparation increased mineral soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration and had a differential effect on early stand growth in a clonal loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Incorporating 25 Mg ha

History, distribution, damage, and life cycle of a pine shoot gali sawfly, Xyela gallicaulis (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 44(3):276-283

Treesearch

Harry O. Yates; David R. Smith

2009-01-01

Larvae of Xyela gallicaulis Smith cause shoot stem galls in young pines. Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., is the most seriously damaged, but galls have been observed on slash pine, P. elliottii var. elliottii Engelm., and shortleaf pine, P. echinata Mill. Studies in Virginia and Georgia confirm a 2-year life cycle. Larval development takes...

Germination temperatures for container culture of southern pines

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

1979-01-01

Peak germination of unstratified longleaf, shortleaf, loblolly, and slash pine seeds occurred at 75° F. Longleaf seeds germinated better at lower temperatures and less successfully at higher temperatures than those of slash, loblolly, and shortleaf pine. Stratification broadened the range at which slash, loblolly, and shortleaf germinated satisfactorily. Improvement...

Intensive straw harvesting, fertilization, and fertilizer source affect nitrogen mineralization and soil labile carbon of a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

K. Ellum; H.O. Liechty; M.A. Blazier

2013-01-01

Straw harvesting can supplement traditional revenues generated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation management. However, repeated raking may alter soil properties and nutrition. In northcentral Louisiana, a study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of intensive straw raking and fertilizer source (inorganic or organic) on nitrogen...

The effect of fallow on Longidorus americanus, a nematode associated with stunting of loblolly pine seedlings in Georgia, USA

Treesearch

Stephen W. Fraedrich; Michelle M. Cram; Stanley J. Zarnoch

2005-01-01

Stunting of loblolly pine (Pinue taeda L.) seedlings, caused by Longidorus americanus, has been a problem at a Georgia (USA) nursery. Field and growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the survivability of the nematode in a fallow nursery soil. The population density of L. americanus decreased rapidly...

Effects of stand development and weather on monthly leaf biomass dynamics of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand

Treesearch

P.M. Dougherty; T.C. Hennessey; Stanley J. Zarnoch; P.t> Stenberg; R.T. Holeman; R.F. Witter

1995-01-01

Annual leaf biomass production, monthly needle accretion and monthly needlefall were measured in an 1l- to 17-year-old thinned stand of loblolly pine. Initial thinning levels were 7.8 m2 ha-1, 12.6 m2 ha-1, and 25.5 m2 ha-1...

Degree-day model for timing insecticide applications to control Dioryctria amatella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in loblolly pine seed orchards

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; Gary L. DeBarr; Julie C. Weatherby; Larry R. Barber; C. Wayne Berisford

2002-01-01

Because Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) is a key pest in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceac), seed orchards in the southeastern United States, improved timing of insecticide applications would be valuable for its control. To time two fenvalerate (Pydrin® 2.4 EC) applications we tested four variations of a degree day model that...

Growth of loblolly pine stands after the first five years of uneven-aged silviculture using single-tree selection

Treesearch

Paul A. Murphy; Michael G. Shelton

1994-01-01

The effects of three levels of residual basal area (40, 60, and 80 ft2/ac), maximum dbh (12, 16, 20 in.) and site index (90 ft) on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands after 5 yr of uneven-aged silviculture were determined from plots located in the south Arkansas and north...

The Response of Bareroot Loblolly Pine Seedlings to the Amount and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in the Nursery

Treesearch

Hans Williams; Karen Woodard; Tim Stewart

2004-01-01

A nursery study was conducted to observe the effects of altering the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at each application on bareroot loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling morphology, survival and growth. The treatments were an equal amount of fertilizer applied each time, an increasing amount each time, and a schedule characterized by low amounts,...

Decomposition rate comparisons between frequently burned and unburned areas of uneven-aged loblolly pine stands in southeastern Arkansas

Treesearch

Miclele Renschin; Hal O. Leichty; Michael G. Shelton

2001-01-01

Although fire has been used extensively over long periods of time in loblolly pine (Pinis taeda L.) ecosystems, little is known concerning the effects of frequent fire use on nutrient cycling and decomposition. To better understand the long-term effects of fire on these processes, foliar litter decomposition rates were quantified in a study...

Spot Application of Diammonium Phosphate and Poultry Litter at Establishment in an Old-Field Planted Loblolly Pine Plantation

Treesearch

Bryan C. McElvany; E. David Dickens; Tucker Price

2004-01-01

A study area was installed in the Coastal Plain (Quitman County) of Georgia to determine the benefits of surface microsite application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and poultry litter to planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings on an old-field site. Soils were Bonneau and Orangeburg. Experimental design was complete block with 3 replications...

Vascular cambial sucrose metabolism and growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in relation to transplanting stress

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; Paul P. Kormanik; C.C. Black

1993-01-01

Sucrose synthase (SS) was the dominant enzyme of sucrose metabolism in both stem and root vascular cambial zone tissues of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings.Acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activties were generally less than 10% of the SS activity in both tissues.In both cambial tissues, seasonal patterns of SS activity in stem and...

Impact of Tip Moth Injury on Growth and Yield of 16-Year-Old Loblolly and Shortleaf Pine

Treesearch

H.L. Williston; S.J. Barras

1977-01-01

For the first six growing seasons, 47 loblolly and shortleaf pine plots throughout the South were treated to protect them against tip moth (at first with DDT and later with a granular phorate). Treatments provided good protection, and in the early years treated trees appeared to outgrow untreated trees. But by age 16 there were no substantial differences in height or...

Seasonal and cumulative loblolly pine development under two stand density and fertility levels through four growing seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1994-01-01

A loblolly pine stand was subjected to two cultural treatments to determine treatment effects in the 9th through 12th growing seasons. Thining resulted in less spring height growth in the 9th and 10th growing seasons than no thinning, but thinning resulted in more diameter growth each year. Fertilization increased height and diameter growth beginning in the 10th...

Influence of precommercial thinning and fertilization on total stem volume and lower stem form of loblolly pine

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2005-01-01

Two cultural treatments were applied in an overstocked loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantaiton (2,900 trees/ha after eight growing seasons): precommercial thinning (Yes or no) to 747 trees/ha after the eighth growing season and broadcast fertilization (yes or no) with diammonium phosphate (150 kg/ha of P and 135 kg/ha of N) early in the ninth...

Significance of various soil amendments to borrow pit reclamation with loblolly pine and fescue

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berry, C.R.; Marx, D.H.

Loblolly pine seedlings with ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally occurring Thelephora terrestris (Tt) were planted on a borrow pit in South Carolina in plots with no amendment; with fertilizer plus dolomitic limestone alone and with pine bark or bottom ash or bark and ash together; or with dried sewage sludge alone and with bark or ash or bark and ash together. All plots were subsoiled, disked, and seeded to fescue grass before planting pine seedlings. Naturally occurring Pt formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on all Tt seedlings by the end of the first season, precluding any specific ectomycorrhizal fungusmore » effect for the duration of the study. Sewage sludge alone or with bark or ash amendments dramatically improved pine seedling growth and grass biomass in comparison with other soil treatments. Mean seedling volume (D/sup 2/H) was 28 times greater and grass biomass was five times greater in the sludge plots than on nonsludge plots. Generally, soil amended with sludge contained more N, P, organic matter, and had a higher cation exchange capacity than soil of other treatments. Foliage of pine seedlings in sludge-amended soil also contained more N and less Ca than other seedlings. The significance of these results to reclamation of borrow pits is discussed.« less

Oustar: A Premixed Blend of Velpar DF+Oust XP For Herbaceous Weed Control and Enhanced Loblolly Pine Seedling Performance

Treesearch

Jimmie L. Yeiser; Andrew W. Ezell

2004-01-01

Six tests were established comparing the herbaceous weed control (HWC) and resultant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling performance from treatments of Oustar (0, 10, 13, 16, 19 ounces product acre-1), and industry standards (Velpar L+Oust 32+2; Arsenal+Oust 4+2 both in ounces product acre-1). Sites...

Value of Tree Measurements Made at Age 5 Years for Predicting the Height and Diameter Growth at Age 25 Years in Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Allan E. Tiarks; Calvin E. Meier; V. Clark Baldwin; James D. Haywood

1998-01-01

Early growth measurements Of pine plantations are often used to predict the productivity of the stand later in the rotation when assessing the effect Of management on productivity. A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) study established at 35 locations (2 to 3 plots/location) was used to test the relationship between height measurements at age 5 years...

Planted Loblolly and Slash Pine Reponse to Bedding and Flat Disking on a Poorly Drained Site - An Update

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

1978-01-01

Early gains in lobloliy and slash pine height growth achieved by bedding an imperfectly drained Beauregard-Caddo silt loam diminished somewhat by age 15. After age 8 there were no increases in growth response to site treatment for either species. For loblolly, yields on flat-disked and bedded plots were about 6 cords (500 ft3) per acre greater...

Linking growth and yield and process models to estimate impact of environmental changes on growth of loblolly pine

Treesearch

V. Clark Baldwin; Harold E. Burkhart; James A. Westfall; Kelly D. Peterson

2001-01-01

PTAEDA2 is a distance-dependent, individual tree model that simulates the growth and yield of a plantation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)on an annual basis. The MAESTRO model utilizes an array of trees in a stand to calculate and integrate the effects of biological and physical variables on the photosynthesis and respiration processes of a target...

Growth response of dominant and co-dominant loblolly pines to organic matter removal, soil compaction, and competition control

Treesearch

Robert Eaton; William Smith; Kim Ludovici

2010-01-01

The Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) experiment is a U.S. Forest Service led effort to test the effects that organic matter removal, soil compaction, and competition control have forest soil productivity, as measured by tree growth. A replicated experiment was installed on the Croatan National Forest, NC, in winter 1991 and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda...

Interactive effects of fertilization and throughfall exclusion on the physiological responses and whole-tree carbon uptake of mature loblolly pine

Treesearch

Zhenmin Tang; Mary A. Sword Sayer; Jim L. Chambers; James P. Barnett

2004-01-01

Few studies have examined the combined effects of nutrition and water exclusion on the canopy physiology of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Understanding the impacts of forest management on plantation productivity requires extensive research on the relationship between silvicultural treatments and environmental constraints to growth. We...

Leaf-level gas-exchange uniformity and photosynthetic capacity among loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes of contrasting inherent genetic variation

Treesearch

Michael J. Aspinwall; John S. King; Steven E. McKeand; Jean-Christophe Domec

2011-01-01

Variation in leaf-level gas exchange among widely planted genetically improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes could impact stand-level water use, carbon assimilation, biomass production, C allocation, ecosystem sustainability and biogeochemical cycling under changing environmental conditions. We examined uniformity in leaf-level light-saturated photosynthesis...

Within and Between Canopy Variabilit of Foliar Nitrogen Concentration for Loblolly and Slash Pine Stands Planted at Different Densities

Treesearch

Rodney E. Will; Greg Barron-Gafford; Robert O. Teskey; Barry D. Shiver

2004-01-01

Mid-summer foliar nitrogen concentrations (N) were measured at three canopy positions (upper, middle, lower), two foliage ages per canopy position (current-year and 1-year-old), and two flushes per age class (first flush and second flush) in 4-year-old loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stands...

Loblolly pine growth following operational vegetation management treatments compares favorably to that achieved in complete vegetation control research trials

Treesearch

Dwight K. Lauer; Harold E. Quicke

2010-01-01

Different combinations of chemical site prep and post-plant herbaceous weed control installed at three Upper Coastal Plain locations were compared in terms of year 3 loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine response to determine the better vegetation management regimes. Site prep treatments were different herbicide rates applied in either July or October. Site...

The Effect of Large Applications of Nutrients From Organic Waste on Biomass Allocation and Allometric Relations in Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

Scott D. Roberts; Patrick D. Gerard

2004-01-01

We applied broiler litter to an 8-year-old precommercially thinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand at 0, 5.6, and 23 Mg ha-1 , supplying 0, 200, and 800 kg N ha-1. A destructive harvest was implemented two growing seasons following litter application to evaluate treatment impacts on patterns of...

Soil C02 efflux across four age classes of plantation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on the Virginia Piedmont

Treesearch

P. Eric Wiseman; John R. Seiler

2004-01-01

Soil CO2 efflux resulting from microbial and root respiration is a major component of the forest C cycle. In this investigation, we examined in detail how soil CO2 efflux differs both spatially and temporally with respect to stand age for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on the Virginia Piedmont...

Effects of planting density and genotype on loblolly pine stands growing in the mountains of southeastern Oklahoma

Treesearch

Rodney E. Will; Thomas C. Hennessey; Thomas B. Lynch; Robert Heinemann; Randal Holeman; Dennis Wilson; Keith Anderson; Gregory Campbell

2013-01-01

We determined the effects of planting density (4- by 4-, 6- by 6-, 8- by 8-, and 10- by 10-foot spacing) on stand-level height, diameter at breast height, stem volume, basal area, and periodic annual increment for two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed sources. Seed sources for the 25-year-old stands were a North Carolina seed source (NCC 8-01) and...

Seasonal Lateral Root Growth of Juvenile Loblolly Pine After Thinning and Fertilization on Gulf Coastal Plain Site

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword; James D. Haywood; C. Dan Andries

1998-01-01

In 1989, two levels each of stand density and fertilization were factorially established in an 8-year-old loblolly pine plantation on a P-deficient site. Levels of stand density were nonthinned at 2,732 trees per hectare and thinned at 721 trees per hectare. Fertilizer levels were none or application of 150 kilograms P plus 135 kilograms N per hectare. In 1994, stand...

Purification, Characterization, and Cloning of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.).

PubMed

O'malley, D M; Porter, S; Sederoff, R R

1992-04-01

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1. 195) has been purified to homogeneity from differentiating xylem tissue and developing seeds of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). The enzyme is a dimer with a native molecular weight of 82,000 and a subunit molecular weight of 44,000, and is the only form of CAD involved in lignification in differentiating xylem. High levels of loblolly pine CAD enzyme were found in nonlignifying seed tissue. Characterization of the enzyme from both seeds and xylem demonstrated that the enzyme is the same in both tissues. The enzyme has a high affinity for coniferaldehyde (K(m) = 1.7 micromolar) compared with sinapaldehyde (K(m) in excess of 100 micromolar). Kinetic data strongly suggest that coniferin is a noncompetitive inhibitor of CAD enzyme activity. Protein sequences were obtained for the N-terminus (28 amino acids) and for two other peptides. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the protein sequences were used to amplify by polymerase chain reaction a 1050 base pair DNA fragment from xylem cDNA. Nucleotide sequence from the cloned DNA fragment coded for the N-terminal protein sequence and an internal peptide of CAD. The N-terminal protein sequence has little similarity with the lambdaCAD4 clone isolated from bean (MH Walter, J Grima-Pettenati, C Grand, AM Boudet, CJ Lamb [1988] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:5546-5550), which has homology with malic enzyme.