Investigation of High-Spin States in ^203Rn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beausang, C. W.; Novak, J. R.; Caprio, M.; Casten, R. F.; Cederkall, J.; Cooper, J. R.; Krücken, R.; Wang, Z.; Zamfir, N. V.; Barton, C. J.

1999-10-01

High-spin states in ^203Rn were populated following the reaction ^34S + ^174Yb + 5n at beam energies ranging from 160 to 170 MeV. Gamma-rays were detected using the multi-Ge detector array YRAST Ball located at the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory. In addition the SCARY array, an array of 28 solar cell detectors, each 1 cm by 1 cm, was arranged around the target at backward angles. These were used to detect fission fragments and hence discriminate against the very large fission background encountered in this reaction. Following our excitation function measurement several transitions can be assigned to ^203Rn, where previously no information was available on excited states. Data analysis is continuing and preliminary results will be presented. This work is supported by the US-DOE under grant number DE-FG02-91ER-40609.

Microscopic insight into the structure of gallium isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, Preeti; Sharma, Chetan; Singh, Suram; Bharti, Arun; Khosa, S. K.

2012-07-01

Projected Shell Model technique has been applied to odd-A71-81Ga nuclei with the deformed single-particle states generated by the standard Nilsson potential. Various nuclear structure quantities have been calculated with this technique and compared with the available experimental data in the present work. The known experimental data of the yrast bands in these nuclei are persuasively described and the band diagrams obtained for these nuclei show that the yrast bands in these odd-A Ga isotopes don't belong to the single intrinsic state only but also have multi-particle states. The back-bending in moment of inertia and the electric quadrupole transitions are also calculated.

Lifetime measurements in shape transition nucleus 188Pt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rohilla, Aman; Gupta, C. K.; Singh, R. P.; Muralithar, S.; Chakraborty, S.; Sharma, H. P.; Kumar, A.; Govil, I. M.; Biswas, D. C.; Chamoli, S. K.

2017-04-01

Nuclear level lifetimes of high spin states in yrast and non-yrast bands of 188Pt nucleus have been measured using recoil distance plunger setup present at IUAC, Delhi. In the experiment nuclear states of interest were populated via 174Yb(18O,4 n)188Pt reaction at a beam energy of 79MeV provided by 15 UD Pelletron accelerator. The extracted B(E2\\downarrow) values show an initial rise up to 4+ state and then a nearly constant behavior with spin along yrast band, indicating change of nuclear structure in 188Pt at low spins. The good agreement between experimental and TPSM model B(E2\\downarrow) values up to 4^+ state suggests an increase in axial deformation of the nucleus. The average absolute β2 = 0.20 (3) obtained from measured B(E2\\downarrow) values matches well the values predicted by CHFB and IBM calculations for oblate ( β2 ˜ -0.19) and prolate (β2 ˜ 0.22) shapes. As the lifetime measurements do not yield the sign of β2, no definite conclusion can be drawn on the prolate or oblate collectivity of 188Pt on the basis of present measurements.

High-spin states in the N=50 nucleus ^87Rb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fotiades, N.; Cizewski, J. A.; Krücken, R.; Clark, R. M.; Fallon, P.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Becker, J. A.; Bernstein, L. A.; McNabb, D. P.; Younes, W.

2001-10-01

High-spin states in ^87Rb have been studied following the fission of two compound nuclei (^199Tl and ^197Pb) formed in different fusion-evaporation reactions. The Gammasphere array at LBNL was used to detect γ-ray coincidences. The level scheme has been extended above the previously known 1578 keV, 9/2^+ isomer by observation of many states up to ~7.2 MeV excitation energy. Coupling of the odd g_9/2 proton to the yrast states in the ^86Kr core accounts for the first excited states observed above the 9/2^+ isomer. The level scheme of ^87Rb is also compared to excitations in ^85Kr and the ^89Y isotone. This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. W-7405-ENG-36 (LANL), FG02-91ER-40609 (Yale), W-7405-ENG-48 (LLNL) and AC03-76SF00098 (LBNL) and by the National Science Foundation (Rutgers).

Investigation of high spin states in 133Cs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Q.; Xiao, Z. G.; Zhu, S. J.; Qi, C.; Jia, H.; Qi, B.; Wang, R. S.; Cheng, W. J.; Zhang, Y.; Yi, H.; Lü, L. M.; Wang, Y. J.; Li, H. J.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, X. G.; Li, C. B.; Zheng, Y.; Chen, Q. M.; Zhou, W. K.; Li, G. S.

2018-05-01

High spin states in 133Cs nucleus have been studied with the reaction 130Te (7Li, 4n) at a beam energy of 38 MeV. The level scheme has been expanded with spin up to 31/2 \\hbar. Compared with a recent paper, ground state band and other two collective band structures at lower spin states have been confirmed. Another collective band structure at higher spin states as well as some levels and transitions are updated. Compared with the experimental data, large-scale shell model and tilted axis cranking model calculations have been carried out. The results show that the band-head configuration of yrast band based on 7/2+ ground state and the side band built on the 5/2+ state are a pair of pseudospin partner states with π \\tilde{f}_{7/2,5/2}. The negative parity band based on 1071.5 keV level originates from π h_{11/2} orbital. Another band built on 2642.9 keV level at high spin states has been proposed with oblate deformation. Other characteristics for these bands were also discussed.

Transition probabilities in neutron-rich Se,8684

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Litzinger, J.; Blazhev, A.; Dewald, A.; Didierjean, F.; Duchêne, G.; Fransen, C.; Lozeva, R.; Sieja, K.; Verney, D.; de Angelis, G.; Bazzacco, D.; Birkenbach, B.; Bottoni, S.; Bracco, A.; Braunroth, T.; Cederwall, B.; Corradi, L.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Désesquelles, P.; Eberth, J.; Ellinger, E.; Farnea, E.; Fioretto, E.; Gernhäuser, R.; Goasduff, A.; Görgen, A.; Gottardo, A.; Grebosz, J.; Hackstein, M.; Hess, H.; Ibrahim, F.; Jolie, J.; Jungclaus, A.; Kolos, K.; Korten, W.; Leoni, S.; Lunardi, S.; Maj, A.; Menegazzo, R.; Mengoni, D.; Michelagnoli, C.; Mijatovic, T.; Million, B.; Möller, O.; Modamio, V.; Montagnoli, G.; Montanari, D.; Morales, A. I.; Napoli, D. R.; Niikura, M.; Pollarolo, G.; Pullia, A.; Quintana, B.; Recchia, F.; Reiter, P.; Rosso, D.; Sahin, E.; Salsac, M. D.; Scarlassara, F.; Söderström, P.-A.; Stefanini, A. M.; Stezowski, O.; Szilner, S.; Theisen, Ch.; Valiente Dobón, J. J.; Vandone, V.; Vogt, A.

2015-12-01

Reduced quadrupole transition probabilities for low-lying transitions in neutron-rich Se,8684 are investigated with a recoil distance Doppler shift (RDDS) experiment. The experiment was performed at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro using the Cologne Plunger device for the RDDS technique and the AGATA Demonstrator array for the γ -ray detection coupled to the PRISMA magnetic spectrometer for an event-by-event particle identification. In 86Se the level lifetime of the yrast 21+ state and an upper limit for the lifetime of the 41+ state are determined for the first time. The results of 86Se are in agreement with previously reported predictions of large-scale shell-model calculations using Ni78-I and Ni78-II effective interactions. In addition, intrinsic shape parameters of lowest yrast states in 86Se are calculated. In semimagic 84Se level lifetimes of the yrast 41+ and 61+ states are determined for the first time. Large-scale shell-model calculations using effective interactions Ni78-II, JUN45, jj4b, and jj4pna are performed. The calculations describe B (E 2 ;21+→01+) and B (E 2 ;61+→41+) fairly well and point out problems in reproducing the experimental B (E 2 ;41+→21+) .

Evolution of collectivity in the N =100 isotones near 170Yb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karayonchev, V.; Régis, J.-M.; Jolie, J.; Blazhev, A.; Altenkirch, R.; Ansari, S.; Dannhoff, M.; Diel, F.; Esmaylzadeh, A.; Fransen, C.; Gerst, R.-B.; Moschner, K.; Müller-Gatermann, C.; Saed-Samii, N.; Stegemann, S.; Warr, N.; Zell, K. O.

2017-03-01

An experiment using the electronic γ -γ fast-timing technique was performed to measure lifetimes of the yrast states in 170Yb. The lifetime of the yrast 2+ state was determined using the slope method. The value of τ =2.33 (3 ) ns is in good agreement with the lifetimes measured using other techniques. The lifetimes of the first 4+ and 6+ states are determined using the generalized centroid difference method. The derived B (E 2 ) values are compared to calculations done using the confined beta soft model and show good agreement with the experimental values. These calculations were extended to the isotonic chain N =100 around 170Yb and show a good quantitative description of the collectivity observed along it.

Experimental study of neutron-rich nuclei near the N = 82 closed shell using the {sub 40}{sup 96}Zr+{sub 50}{sup 124}Sn reaction with GASP and PRISMA-CLARA arrays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodríguez, W.; Torres, D. A.; Cristancho, F.

2014-11-11

In this contribution an experimental study of the deep-inelastic reaction {sub 40}{sup 96}Zr+{sub 50}{sup 124}Sn at 530 MeV, using the GASP and PRISMA-CLARA arrays, is presented. The experiments populate a wealth of projectile-like and target-like binary fragments, in a large neutron-rich region around N ≥ 50 and Z ≈ 40. Preliminary results on the study of the yrast and near-yrast states for {sup 95}Nb will be shown, along with a comparison of the experimental yields obtained in the experiments.

Low collectivity of the first 2+ states of 212,210Po

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kocheva, D.; Rainovski, G.; Jolie, J.; Pietralla, N.; Blazhev, A.; Astier, A.; Altenkirch, R.; Bast, M.; Beckers, M.; Ansari, S.; Braunroth, Th.; Cappellazzo, M.; Cortés, M. L.; Dewald, A.; Diel, F.; Djongolov, M.; Fransen, C.; Gladnishki, K.; Goldkuhle, A.; Hennig, A.; Karayonchev, V.; Keatings, J. M.; Kluge, E.; Kröll, Th.; Litzinger, J.; Moschner, K.; Müller-Gatermann, C.; Petkov, P.; Rudigier, M.; Scheck, M.; Spagnoletti, P.; Scholz, Ph.; Schmidt, T.; Spieker, M.; Stahl, C.; Stegmann, R.; Stolz, A.; Vogt, A.; Stoyanova, M.; Thöle, P.; Warr, N.; Werner, V.; Witt, W.; Wölk, D.; Zamora, J. C.; Zell, K. O.; Van Isacker, P.; Ponomarev, V. Yu.

2018-05-01

The lifetimes of the first 2+ excited states of 212,210Po were measured in two transfer reactions 208Pb(12C,8Be)212Po and 208Pb(12C,10Be)210Po by the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift (RDDS) method and by the Doppler Shift Attenuation method (DSAM), respectively. The derived absolute B(E2) values of 2.6(3) W.u. for 212Po and 1.83(28) W.u. for 210Po indicate low collectivity. It is shown that the properties of the yrast {2}1+, {4}1+, {6}1+ and {8}1+ states in both nuclei cannot be described consistently in the framework of nuclear shell models. It is also demonstrated in the case of 210Po that Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) calculations cannot overcome this problem thus indicating the existence of a peculiarity which is neglected in both theoretical approaches.

Projected Shell Model Description of Positive Parity Band of 130Pr Nucleus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Suram; Kumar, Amit; Singh, Dhanvir; Sharma, Chetan; Bharti, Arun; Bhat, G. H.; Sheikh, J. A.

2018-02-01

Theoretical investigation of positive parity yrast band of odd-odd 130Pr nucleus is performed by applying the projected shell model. The present study is undertaken to investigate and verify the very recently observed side band in 130Pr theoretically in terms of quasi-particle (qp) configuration. From the analysis of band diagram, the yrast as well as side band are found to arise from two-qp configuration πh 11/2 ⊗ νh 11/2. The present calculations are viewed to have qualitatively reproduced the known experimental data for yrast states, transition energies, and B( M1) / B( E2) ratios of this nucleus. The recently observed positive parity side band is also reproduced by the present calculations. The energy states of the side band are predicted up to spin 25+, which is far above the known experimental spin of 18+ and this could serve as a motivational factor for future experiments. In addition, the reduced transition probability B( E2) for interband transitions has also been calculated for the first time in projected shell model, which would serve as an encouragement for other research groups in the future.

Lifetimes of excited states in triaxially deformed 107Tc and 109,111,113Rh

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagen, T. W.; Görgen, A.; Korten, W.; Grente, L.; Salsac, M.-D.; Farget, F.; Braunroth, T.; Bruyneel, B.; Celikovic, I.; Clément, E.; de France, G.; Delaune, O.; Dewald, A.; Dijon, A.; Hackstein, M.; Jacquot, B.; Litzinger, J.; Ljungvall, J.; Louchart, C.; Michelagnoli, C.; Napoli, D. R.; Recchia, F.; Rother, W.; Sahin, E.; Siem, S.; Sulignano, B.; Theisen, Ch.; Valiente-Dobon, J. J.

2018-03-01

Lifetimes of excited states in 107Tc, 109Rh, 111Rh, and 113Rh were measured at GANIL using the Recoil-Distance Doppler Shift method. The neutron-rich nuclei were produced in fission reactions in inverse kinematics with a 238U beam impinging on a 9Be target. Fission fragments were identified event-by-event in the ray-tracing spectrometer VAMOS++ and correlated with prompt γ rays observed around the target position with the EXOGAM Ge detector array. Several lifetimes were obtained for states in the positive-parity yrast bands in the four nuclei and compared to triaxial particle-rotor calculations. The results clarify the configuration for the strongest positive-parity band in 107Tc and suggest a gradual increase of triaxial deformation with atomic number Z, reaching almost maximum triaxiality for the neutron-rich Rh nuclei.

Electromagnetic transition rates in the N=80 nucleus 58138Ce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alharbi, T.; Regan, P. H.; Mason, P. J. R.; Mărginean, N.; Podolyák, Zs.; Bruce, A. M.; Simpson, E. C.; Algora, A.; Alazemi, N.; Britton, R.; Bunce, M. R.; Bucurescu, D.; Cooper, N.; Deleanu, D.; Filipescu, D.; Gelletly, W.; Ghită, D.; Glodariu, T.; Ilie, G.; Kisyov, S.; Lintott, J.; Lalkovski, S.; Liddick, S.; Mihai, C.; Mulholland, K.; Mărginean, R.; Negret, A.; Nakhostin, M.; Nita, C. R.; Roberts, O. J.; Rice, S.; Smith, J. F.; Stroe, L.; Sava, T.; Townsley, C.; Wilson, E.; Werner, V.; Zhekova, M.; Zamfir, N. V.

2013-01-01

The half-life of the Iπ=6+ yrast state at Ex=2294 keV in 138Ce has been measured as T1/2=880(19) ps using the fast-timing γ-ray coincidence method with a mixed LaBr3(Ce)-HPGe array. The excited states in 138Ce have been populated by the 130Te(12C,4n) fusion-evaporation reaction at an incident beam energy of 56 MeV. The extracted B(E2;61+→41+)=0.101(24) W.u. value is compared with the predictions of truncated basis shell model calculations and with the systematics of the region. This shows an anomalous behavior compared to the neighboring isotonic and isotopic chains. Half-lives for the yrast 5-, 11+ and 14+ states in 138Ce have also been determined in this work.

Core excitations across the neutron shell gap in 207Tl

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilson, E.; Podolyák, Zs.; Grawe, H.

2015-05-05

The single closed-neutron-shell, one proton–hole nucleus 207Tl was populated in deep-inelastic collisions of a 208Pb beam with a 208Pb target. The yrast and near-yrast level scheme has been established up to high excitation energy, comprising an octupole phonon state and a large number of core excited states. Based on shell-model calculations, all observed single core excitations were established to arise from the breaking of the N=126 neutron core. While the shell-model calculations correctly predict the ordering of these states, their energies are compressed at high spins. It is concluded that this compression is an intrinsic feature of shell-model calculations usingmore » two-body matrix elements developed for the description of two-body states, and that multiple core excitations need to be considered in order to accurately calculate the energy spacings of the predominantly three-quasiparticle states.« less

Analysis of isomeric ratios for medium-mass nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Danagulyan, A. S.; Hovhannisyan, G. H., E-mail: hov-gohar@ysu.am; Bakhshiyan, T. M.

Values of the isomeric ratios for product nuclei originating from simple charge-exchange reactions were analyzed. The cross sections for the formation of product nuclei in ground and isomeric states were calculated with the aid of the TALYS 1.4 and EMPIRE 3.2 codes. The calculated values of the isomeric ratios were compared with their experimental counterparts taken from the EXFOR database. For the {sup 86,87}Y, {sup 94,95,96,99}Tc, and {sup 44}Sc nuclei, the experimental values of the isomeric ratios exceed the respective calculated values. The nuclei in question feature weak deformations and have high-spin yrast lines and rotational bands. The possible reasonmore » behind the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental isomeric ratios is that the decay of yrast states leads with a high probability to the formation of isomeric states of detected product nuclei.« less

High spin states in 164Lu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juneja, P.; Gupta, S. L.; Pancholi, S. C.; Kumar, Ashok; Mehta, D.; Chaturvedi, L.; Katoch, S. K.; Malik, S.; Shanker, G.; Bhowmik, R. K.; Muralithar, S.; Rodrigues, G.; Singh, R. P.

1996-03-01

High spin states in the odd-odd 164Lu nucleus have been investigated for the first time, through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy, following the 150Sm(19F,5n) reaction at beam energy Elab=105 MeV. Four bands, including two signature split bands are identified. The interpretation of the experimental results is discussed in comparison with the existing data in the neighboring nuclei and in the framework of the cranked shell model. The πh11/2⊗νi13/2 yrast band exhibits anomalous signature splitting and signature inversion is observed at a spin of 18ħ. This provides the missing datum for the systematics of staggering and signature inversion for the neighboring odd-odd N=93 isotones and supports the predictions of angular-momentum projection calculations by Hara and Sun. In the second signature split πh 11/2h9/2 band, the AB neutron crossing occurs at a rotational frequency of ~0.29 MeV. This is indicative of the disappearance of the blocking effect of the odd neutron.

High spin states in 162Lu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, S. L.; Pancholi, S. C.; Juneja, P.; Mehta, D.; Kumar, Ashok; Bhowmik, R. K.; Muralithar, S.; Rodrigues, G.; Singh, R. P.

1997-09-01

An experimental investigation of the odd-odd 162Lu nucleus, following the 148Sm(19F,5n) reaction at beam energy Elab=112 MeV, has been performed through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy. It revealed three signature-split bands. The yrast band based on πh11/2⊗νi13/2 configuration exhibits anomalous signature splitting (the unfavored signature Routhian lying lower than the favored one) whose magnitude Δe'~25 keV, is considerably reduced in contrast to sizable normal signature splitting Δe'~125 and 60 keV observed in the yrast πh11/2 bands of the neighboring odd-A 161,163Lu nuclei, respectively. The signature inversion in this band occurs at spin ~20ħ (frequency=0.37 MeV). The second signature-split band, observed above the band crossing associated with the alignment of a pair of i13/2 quasineutrons, is a band based on the four-quasiparticle [πh11/2[523]7/2-⊗νh9/2[521]3/2-⊗(νi13/2)2], i.e., EABAp(Bp), configuration. The third signature-split band is also likely to be a four-quasiparticle band with configuration similar to the second band but involving F quasineutron, i.e., FABAp(Bp). The experimental results are discussed in comparison with the existing data in the neighboring nuclei and in the framework of the cranking shell model.

First Results on High-spin States in ^179Au

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mueller, W. F.; Bingham, C. R.; Reviol, W.; Riedinger, L. L.; Smith, B. H.; Wauters, J.; Ahmad, I.; Amro, H. A.; Blumenthal, D. J.; Carpenter, M. P.; Davids, C. N.; Fischer, S. M.; Hackman, G.; Henderson, D. J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Nisius, D. T.; Seweryniak, D.; Ma, W. C.

1996-05-01

High-spin states in ^179Au were studied for the first time in two experiments at the Argonne uc(atlas) facility. The ^144Sm(^40Ar,p4n)^179Au reaction at 207 MeV was used for the first experiment and ^124Te(^58Ni,p2n)^179Au at 255 MeV in the second. The setup in the first experiment consisted of the Fragment Mass Analyzer (uc(fma)) plus Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (uc(ppac)) system and 10 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors (CSG's). From this run, several transitions from the yrast bands were established. The latter experiment utilized the uc(fma) + uc(ppac) system in conjunction with the uc(aye-ball) array of 19 Ge detectors (eight >70% efficient CSG's, nine 25% efficient CSG's, and two LEPS; one with Compton suppression) and a double sided silicon strip detector (uc(dssd).) The results from these experiments, including a level scheme, will be presented and discussed.

Partial dynamical symmetry and the vibrational structure of Cd isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leviatan, A.; Gavrielov, N.; García-Ramos, J. E.; Van Isacker, P.

2018-05-01

The recently reported deviations of selected non-yrast states in 110Cd from the expected sphericalvibrator behaviour, is addressed by means of an Hamiltonian with U(5) partial dynamical symmetry. The latter preserves the U(5) symmetry in a segment of the spectrum and breaks it in other states. The effect of intruder states is treated in the framework of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing.

Open questions on nuclear collective motion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frauendorf, S., E-mail: sfrauend@nd.edu

The status of the macroscopic and microscopic description of the collective quadrupole modes is reviewed, where limits due to non-adiabaticity and decoherence are exposed. The microscopic description of the yrast states in vibrator-like nuclei in the framework of the rotating mean field is presented.

Polarization-direction correlation measurement --- Experimental test of the PDCO methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Starosta, K.; Morek, T.; Droste, Ch.; Rohoziński, S. G.; Srebrny, J.; Bergstrem, M.; Herskind, B.

1998-04-01

Information about spins and parities of excited states is crucial for nuclear structure studies. In ``in-beam" gamma ray spectroscopy the directional correlation (DCO) or angular distribution measurements are widely used tools for multipolarity assignment; although, it is known that neither of these methods is sensitive to electric or magnetic character of gamma radiation. Multipolarity of gamma rays may be determined when the results of the DCO analysis are combined with the results of linear polarization measurements. The large total efficiency of modern multidetector arrays allows one to carry out coincidence measurements between the polarimeter and the remaining detectors. The aim of the present study was to test experimentally the possibility of polarization-direction correlation measurements using the EUROGAM II array. The studied nucleus was ^164Yb produced in the ^138Ba(^30Si,4n) reaction at beam energies of 150 and 155 MeV. The angular correlation, linear polarization and direction-polarization correlation were measured for the strong transitions in yrast and non yrast cascades. Application of the PDCO analysis to a transition connecting a side band with the yrast band allowed one to rule out most of the ambiguities in multipolarity assignment occuring if one used angular correlations only.

Level Lifetime Measurements in ^150Sm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barton, C. J.; Krücken, R.; Beausang, C. W.; Caprio, M. A.; Casten, R. F.; Cooper, J. R.; Hecht, A. A.; Newman, H.; Novak, J. R.; Pietralla, N.; Wolf, A.; Zyromski, K. E.; Zamfir, N. V.; Börner, H. G.

2000-10-01

Shape/phase coexistence and the evolution of structure in the region around ^152Sm have recently been of great interest. Experiments performed at WNSL, Yale University, measured the lifetime of low spin states in a target of ^150Sm with the recoil distance method (RDM) and the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM). The low spin states, both yrast and non-yrast, were populated via Coulomb excitation with a beam of ^16O. The experiments were performed with the NYPD plunger in conjunction with the SPEEDY γ-ray array. The SCARY array of solar cells was used to detect backward scattered projectiles, selecting forward flying Coulomb excited target nuclei. The measured lifetimes yield, for example, B(E2) values for transitions such as the 2^+2 arrow 2^+1 and the 2^+3 arrow 0^+_1. Data from the RDM measurment and the DSAM experiment will be presented. This work was supported by the US DOE under grants DE-FG02-91ER-40609 and DE-FG02-88ER-40417.

Backbending in the {}_{90}^{223}{Th} nucleus: presentation of the consistency of two different experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maquart, G.; Astier, A.; Ducoin, C.; Guinet, D.; Stézowski, O.; Augey, L.; Chaix, L.; Companis, I.; Dudouet, J.; Lehaut, G.; Mancuso, C.; Redon, N.; Vancraeyenest, A.

2017-06-01

The detailed level structure of {}223{Th} has been investigated in measurements of γ radiations following the fusion-evaporation channel of the {}208{Pb}{(}18{{O}},3n{)}223{Th} reaction at 85 MeV beam energy. The present data are extracted from two different experiments performed with the EUROBALL IV and JUROGAM II γ-ray detector array, respectively. The level structure has been extended up to spin 49/2 and 33 new γ-rays have been added using triple-γ coincidence data. The spins and parities of the newly observed states have been confirmed by angular distribution ratios. In addition to the two known yrast bands based on a K=5/2 configuration, a non-yrast band has been established up to spin 35/2. This observation has brought to light a sharp backbending occuring at the highest spins promoting the {}223{Th} as the heavier thorium isotope having an accident observed in its moment of inertia at high spin. We interpret this new structure as based on the same configuration as the yrast band in {}221{Th} having dominant K=1/2 contribution. At the highest spin a backbending occurs around a rotational frequency of {\\hslash }ω =0.23 {MeV}, very close to the one predicted in the {}222{Th} where a sharp transition to a reflection-symmetric shape is expected.

Nanosecond lifetime measurements of Iπ=9/2- intrinsic excited states and low-lying B(E1) strengths in 183Re using combined HPGe-LaBr3 coincidence spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gurgi, L. A.; Regan, P. H.; Daniel, T.; Podolyák, Zs.; Bruce, A. M.; Mason, P. J. R.; Mǎrginean, N.; Mǎrginean, R.; Werner, V.; Alharbi, T.; Alkhomashi, N.; Bajoga, A. D.; Britton, R.; Cǎta-Danil, I.; Carroll, R. J.; Deleanu, D.; Bucurescu, D.; Florea, N.; Gheorghe, I.; Ghita, D. G.; Glodariu, T.; Lice, R.; Mihai, C.; Mulholland, K. F.; Negret, A.; Olacel, A.; Roberts, O. J.; Sava, T.; Söderström, P.-A.; Stroe, L.; Suvaila, R.; Toma, S.; Wilson, E.; Wood, R. T.

2017-08-01

This paper presents precision measurements of electromagnetic decay probabilities associated with electric dipole transitions in the prolate-deformed nucleus 183Re. The nucleus of interest was formed using the fusion evaporation reaction 180Hf(7Li,4n)183Re at a beam energy of 30 MeV at the tandem accelerator at the HH-IFIN Institute, Bucharest Romania. Coincident decay gamma rays from near-yrast cascades were detected using the combined HPGe-LaBr3 detector array ROSPHERE. The time differences between cascade gamma rays were measured using the LaBr3 detectors to determine the half-lives of the two lowest lying spin-parity 9/2- states at excitation energies of 496 and 617 keV to be 5.65(5) and 2.08(3) ns respectively. The deduced E1 transition rates from these two states are discussed in terms of the K-hindrance between the low-lying structures in this prolate-deformed nucleus.

Cross-Over Between Different Symmetries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frauendorf, S.

2014-09-01

The yrast states of even even vibrational and transitional nuclei are interpreted as a rotating condensate of interacting d-bosons. The corresponding semi-classical tidal wave concept is used for microscopic calculations of energies and E2 transition probabilities. The strong octupole correlations in the light rare earth and actinide nuclides are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of interacting f-bosons.

Pair correlations in low-lying T =0 states of odd-odd nuclei with six nucleons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, G. J.; Zhao, Y. M.; Arima, A.

2018-02-01

In this paper, we study pair correlations in low-lying T =0 states for two typical cases of odd-odd N =Z nuclei. The first case is six nucleons in a single j =9 /2 shell, for which we study the S -broken-pair approximation, the isoscalar spin-1 pair condensation, and the isoscalar spin-aligned pair condensation, with schematic interactions. In the second case, we study pair approximations and correlation energies for 22Na, 34Cl, 46V, 62Ga, and 94Ag in multi-j shells with effective interactions. A few T =0 states are found to be well represented by isoscalar nucleon pairs. The isoscalar spin-aligned pairs play an important role for the yrast T =0 states with I ˜2 j and I ˜Imax in 22Na, 46V, and 94Ag. The overlap between the isoscalar J =1 pair wave function and the shell-model wave function is around 0.5 for the I =1 ,3 states of 34Cl and the I =1 state of 94Ag. The I =9 state of 62Ga is very well described by the isoscalar J =3 pair condensation. The broken-pair approximation (which is similar to the 2-quasiparticle excitation of the isovector pair condensation) is appropriate for quite few states, such as the I =1 -3 states of 34Cl and the I =5 state of 62Ga. The correlation energies are presented in this paper. It is noted that the picture based on nucleon-pair wave functions is not always in agreement with the picture based on correlation energies.

Chiral geometry in multiple chiral doublet bands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hao; Chen, Qibo

2016-02-01

The chiral geometry of multiple chiral doublet bands with identical configuration is discussed for different triaxial deformation parameters γ in the particle rotor model with . The energy spectra, electromagnetic transition probabilities B(M1) and B(E2), angular momenta, and K-distributions are studied. It is demonstrated that the chirality still remains not only in the yrast and yrare bands, but also in the two higher excited bands when γ deviates from 30°. The chiral geometry relies significantly on γ, and the chiral geometry of the two higher excited partner bands is not as good as that of the yrast and yrare doublet bands. Supported by Plan Project of Beijing College Students’ Scientific Research and Entrepreneurial Action, Major State 973 Program of China (2013CB834400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11175002, 11335002, 11375015, 11461141002), National Fund for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (NFFTBS) (J1103206), Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20110001110087) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M580007)

Shell model description of heavy nuclei and abnormal collective motions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Chong

2018-05-01

In this contribution I present systematic calculations on the spectroscopy and electromagnetic transition properties of intermediate-mass and heavy nuclei around 100Sn and 208Pb. We employed the large-scale configuration interaction shell model approach with realistic interactions. Those nuclei are the longest isotopic chains that can be studied by the nuclear shell model. I will show that the yrast spectra of Te isotopes show a vibrational-like equally spaced pattern but the few known E2 transitions show rotational-like behaviour. These kinds of abnormal collective behaviors cannot be reproduced by standard collective models and provide excellent background to study the competition of single-particle and various collective degrees of freedom. Moreover, the calculated B(E2) values for neutron-deficient and heavier Te isotopes show contrasting different behaviours along the yrast line, which may be related to the enhanced neutron-proton correlation when approaching N=50. The deviations between theory and experiment concerning the energies and E2 transition properties of low-lying 0+ and 2+ excited states and isomeric states in those nuclei may provide a constraint on our understanding of nuclear deformation and intruder configuration in that region.

Theoretical study of triaxial shapes of neutron-rich Mo and Ru nuclei

DOE PAGES

Zhang, C. L.; Bhat, G. H.; Nazarewicz, W.; ...

2015-09-10

Here, whether atomic nuclei can possess triaxial shapes at their ground states is still a subject of ongoing debate. According to theory, good prospects for low-spin triaxiality are in the neutron-rich Mo-Ru region. Recently, transition quadrupole moments in rotational bands of even-mass neutron-rich isotopes of molybdenum and ruthenium nuclei have been measured. The new data have provided a challenge for theoretical descriptions invoking stable triaxial deformations. The purpose of this study is to understand experimental data on rotational bands in the neutron-rich Mo-Ru region, we carried out theoretical analysis of moments of inertia, shapes, and transition quadrupole moments of neutron-richmore » even-even nuclei around 110Ru using self-consistent mean-field and shell model techniques. Methods: To describe yrast structures in Mo and Ru isotopes, we use nuclear density functional theory (DFT) with the optimized energy density functional UNEDF0. We also apply triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) to describe yrast and positive-parity, near-yrast band structures. As a result, our self-consistent DFT calculations predict triaxial ground-state deformations in 106,108Mo and 108,110,112Ru and reproduce the observed low-frequency behavior of moments of inertia. As the rotational frequency increases, a negative-gamma structure, associated with the aligned ν(h 11/2) 2 pair, becomes energetically favored. The computed transition quadrupole moments vary with angular momentum, which reflects deformation changes with rotation; those variations are consistent with experiment. The TPSM calculations explain the observed band structures assuming stable triaxial shapes. Lastly, the structure of neutron-rich even-even nuclei around Ru-110 is consistent with triaxial shape deformations. Our DFT and TPSM frameworks provide a consistent and complementary description of experimental data.« less

High-spin states in 103,105Mo, 103Nb, and the νh11/2 alignment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hua, H.; Wu, C. Y.; Cline, D.; Hayes, A. B.; Teng, R.; Clark, R. M.; Fallon, P.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Vetter, K.

2002-06-01

High-spin states in neutron-rich nuclei 103,105Mo,103Nb have been studied using the 238U(α,f) fusion-fission reaction. The deexcitation γ rays were detected by Gammasphere in coincidence with the detection of both fission fragments by the Rochester 4π heavy-ion detector array, CHICO. The measured fission kinematics were used to deduce the masses and velocity vectors for both fission fragments. This allowed Doppler-shift corrections to be applied to the observed γ rays on an event-by-event basis and the origin of γ rays from either fission fragment to be established. With such advantages, the yrast sequences for these nuclei have been extended to the band crossing region. This band crossing is ascribed to the alignment of a pair of h11/2 neutrons, which is supported by the observed blocking effect for the νh11/2 band in 105Mo while there is no evidence for blocking in the alignment measured for either the νd5/2 band in 103Mo or the πg9/2 band in 103Nb. The observed upbend, rather than the sharp backbend seen in the Ru-Pd region, indicates a strong interaction between the ground-state and the aligned h11/2 bands.

Structure of ²⁰⁷Pb populated in ²⁰⁸Pb + ²⁰⁸Pb deep-inelastic collisions*

DOE PAGES

Shand, C. M.; Wilson, E.; Podolyák, Zs.; ...

2015-01-01

The yrast structure of 207Pb above the 13/2 + isomeric state has been investigated in deep-inelastic collisions of 208Pb and 208Pb at ATLAS, Argonne National Laboratory. New and previously observed transitions were measured using the Gammasphere detector array. The level scheme of 207Pb is presented up to ~ 6 MeV, built using coincidence and γ-ray intensity analyses. In addition, the spin and parity assignments of states were made, based on angular distributions and comparisons to shell model calculations.

Structure of ²⁰⁷Pb populated in ²⁰⁸Pb + ²⁰⁸Pb deep-inelastic collisions*

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shand, C. M.; Wilson, E.; Podolyák, Zs.

The yrast structure of 207Pb above the 13/2 + isomeric state has been investigated in deep-inelastic collisions of 208Pb and 208Pb at ATLAS, Argonne National Laboratory. New and previously observed transitions were measured using the Gammasphere detector array. The level scheme of 207Pb is presented up to ~ 6 MeV, built using coincidence and γ-ray intensity analyses. In addition, the spin and parity assignments of states were made, based on angular distributions and comparisons to shell model calculations.

Surprises in Studies of Superdeformation in the Mass A ~80 Region.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lafosse, Dennis R.

1996-11-01

The study of superdeformation (SD) in the light nuclei around A ~80 only recently began with the advent of the third generation of γ-ray detector arrays. The uc(gammasphere) array in conjunction with the Washington University uc(microball) have offered unprecedented sensitivity in this mass region, which has been applied effectively to the study of these nuclei. Whereas there were no SD bands known in this light mass region only two years ago, over 20 bands in 9 nuclei have recently been discovered. Interesting systematic properties are beginning to emerge. For example, the measured deformations of the yrast SD bands in _38Sr nuclei show a large dependence on neutron number; the deformation of the yrast band in ^80Sr was determined to be surprisingly small, and comparable to that of the yrast normal-deformed states! Individual nuclei have also revealed surprising features. For example, an SD band in ^81Sr was found to decay out to another (SD?) state, but then to decay back into the SD band. A very interesting result was found in ^87Nb. Two SD bands in ^87Nb have been found to mutually interact with each other, and resulting cross transitions between the two bands have been observed. This interaction has been traced to a crossing of two neutron orbitals. Finally, future surprises may be in store. SD bands in this mass region are observed to extremely high rotational frequencies, often approaching hbarω=1.5 MeV. The extreme Coriolis force then brings the N=6 i_13/2 orbital down to the Fermi surface. Thus, SD bands having deformations approaching β_2=0.8 may be observed as a result of the high deformation driving property of these ``superintruder'' orbitals. The first hint of such states may have already been discovered in ^87Nb. One of the SD bands in this nucleus reveals a crossing which is likely due to the occupation of the i_13/2 orbital at the highest frequencies. The work to be presented is the result of an ongoing collaboration between Washington

Nuclear Structure Research at Richmond

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beausang, Cornelius W.

The goals for the final year were; (1) to continue ongoing efforts to develop and enhance GRETINA and work towards GRETA; (2) to investigate the structure of non-yrast states in shape transitional Sm and Gd nuclei; (3) to investigate the structure of selected light Cd nuclei; (4) to exploit the surrogate reaction technique to extract (n,f) cross sections for actinide nuclei, particularly the first measurement of the 236Pu and 237Pu(n,f) cross sections.

In-Beam Gamma-ray Spectroscopy in the sdpf 37Ar Nucleus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silveira, M. A. G.; Medina, N. H.; Seale, W. A.; Ribas, R. V.; de Oliveira, J. R. B.; Zilio, S.; Lenzi, S. M.; Napoli, D. R.; Marginean, N.; Vedova, F. Della; Farnea, E.; Ionescu-Bujor, M.; Iordachescu, A.

2007-10-01

The nucleus 37Ar has been studied with γ-ray spectroscopy in the 24Mg(16O,2pn) reaction at a beam energy of 70 MeV. Twenty two new excited states up to an excitation energy of 13 MeV have been observed. We compare the first negative and positive parity yrast states with large-scale-shell-model calculations using the Antoine code and the SDPF interaction, considering the excitation of the 1d5/2,2s1/2 and 1d3/2 nucleons to 1f7/2 and 2p3/2 in the sdpf valence space.

Lifetime measurements in transitional nuclei by fast electronic scintillation timing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caprio, M. A.; Zamfir, N. V.; Casten, R. F.; Amro, H.; Barton, C. J.; Beausang, C. W.; Cooper, J. R.; Gürdal, G.; Hecht, A. A.; Hutter, C.; Krücken, R.; McCutchan, E. A.; Meyer, D. A.; Novak, J. R.; Pietralla, N.; Ressler, J. J.; Berant, Z.; Brenner, D. S.; Gill, R. L.; Regan, P. H.

2002-10-01

A new generation of experiments studying nuclei in spherical-deformed transition regions has been motivated by the introduction of innovative theoretical approaches to the treatment of these nuclei. The important structural signatures in the transition regions, beyond the basic yrast level properties, involve γ-ray transitions between low-spin, non-yrast levels, and so information on γ-ray branching ratios and absolute matrix elements (or level lifetimes) for these transitions is crucial. A fast electronic scintillation timing (FEST) system [H. Mach, R. L. Gill, and M. Moszyński, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 280, 49 (1989)], making use of BaF2 and plastic scintillation detectors, has been implemented at the Yale Moving Tape Collector for the measurement of lifetimes of states populated in β^ decay. Experiments in the A100 (Pd, Ru) and A150 (Dy, Yb) regions have been carried out, and a few examples will be presented. Supported by the US DOE under grants and contracts DE-FG02-91ER-40609, DE-FG02-88ER-40417, and DE-AC02-98CH10886 and by the German DFG under grant Pi 393/1.

Spectroscopy of 204,206,208Rn and the systematic behavior of Z=86 isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horn, D.; Baktash, C.; Lister, C. J.

1981-11-01

A spectroscopic investigation of the radon isotopes 204,206,208Rn was performed by means of the reactions 192,194,196Pt(16O,4n)204,206,208Rn and 197Au(14N,5n)206Rn with 16O energies between 85 and 110 MeV and 14N energies between 80 and 94 MeV. γ-γ coincidences, pulsed beam yield functions, angular distributions, and pulsed beam isomeric decay rates were measured. The yrast and near-yrast level structure was established to J~15ℏ, and in each of the three nuclei two isomers above the known Jπ=8+ state were observed. The systematic trends for the Z=86 isotopes are compared with the behavior expected in a single particle model, and increased collectivity is found with decreasing neutron number. Analogies are made with the N=86 system. NUCLEAR REACTIONS 192,194,196Pt (16O,4n), E=85-110 MeV; 197Au(14N,5n), E=80-94 MeV. Measured Iγ(E,t), Iγ(θ), γ-γ(t). Deduced level sequences, Jπ, T12, transition rates. Continuous and pulsed beams, enriched targets, Ge(Li) detectors.

A revised B(E2;2+ 1 → 0+ 1) value in the semi-magic nucleus 210Po

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kocheva, D.; Rainovski, G.; Jolie, J.; Pietralla, N.; Blazhev, A.; Astier, A.; Altenkirch, R.; Ansari, S.; Braunroth, Th.; Cortés, M. L.; Dewald, A.; Diel, F.; Djongolov, M.; Fransen, C.; Gladnishki, K.; Hennig, A.; Karayonchev, V.; Keatings, J. M.; Kluge, E.; Litzinger, J.; Müller-Gatermann, C.; Petkov, P.; Rudigier, M.; Scheck, M.; Scholz, Ph.; Spagnoletti, P.; Spieker, M.; Stahl, C.; Stegmann, R.; Stoyanova, M.; Thöle, P.; Warr, N.; Werner, V.; Witt, W.; Wölk, D.; Zell, K. O.; Van Isacker, P.; Ponomarev, V. Yu.

2017-09-01

The lifetimes of the 2^+_1 , the 2^+_2 and the 3^-_1 states of 210Po have been measured in the 208Pb(12C,10Be)210Po transfer reaction by the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The result for the lifetime of the 2^+_1 state is about three times shorter than the adopted value. However, the new value still does not allow for a consistent description of the properties of the yrast 2^+_1 , 4^+_1 , 6^+_1 , and 8^+_1 states of 210Po in the framework of nuclear shell models. Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) calculations also cannot overcome this problem thus indicating the existence of a peculiarity which is neglected in both theoretical approaches.

Tidal waves in 102Pd: a rotating condensate of multiple d bosons.

PubMed

Ayangeakaa, A D; Garg, U; Caprio, M A; Carpenter, M P; Ghugre, S S; Janssens, R V F; Kondev, F G; Matta, J T; Mukhopadhyay, S; Patel, D; Seweryniak, D; Sun, J; Zhu, S; Frauendorf, S

2013-03-08

Low-lying collective excitations in even-even vibrational and transitional nuclei may be described semiclassically as quadrupole running waves on the surface of the nucleus ("tidal waves"), and the observed vibrational-rotational behavior can be thought of as resulting from a rotating condensate of interacting d bosons. These concepts have been investigated by measuring lifetimes of the levels in the yrast band of the (102)Pd nucleus with the Doppler shift attenuation method. The extracted B(E2) reduced transition probabilities for the yrast band display a monotonic increase with spin, in agreement with the interpretation based on rotation-induced condensation of aligned d bosons.

Observation of γ-vibrations and alignments built on non-ground-state configurations in ¹⁵⁶Dy

DOE PAGES

Zhu, C. -H.; Hartley, D. J.; Riedinger, L. L.; ...

2015-03-26

The exact nature of the lowest K π=2⁺ rotational bands in all deformed nuclei remains obscure. Traditionally they are assumed to be collective vibrations of the nuclear shape in the γ degree of freedom perpendicular to the nuclear symmetry axis. Very few such γ-bands have been traced past the usual back-bending rotational alignments of high-j nucleons. We have investigated the structure of positive-parity bands in the N=90 nucleus ¹⁵⁶Dy, using the ¹⁴⁸Nd(¹²C,4n)¹⁵⁶Dy reaction at 65 MeV, observing the resulting γ-ray transitions with the Gammasphere array. The even- and odd-spin members of the π=2⁺ γ-band are observed to 32⁺ and 31⁺more » respectively. This rotational band faithfully tracks the ground-state configuration to the highest spins. The members of a possible γ-vibration built on the aligned yrast S-band are observed to spins 28⁺ and 27⁺. An even-spin positive-parity band, observed to spin 24⁺, is a candidate for an aligned S-band built on the seniority-zero configuration of the 0₂⁺ state at 676 keV. As a result, the crossing of this band with the 0₂⁺ band is at hw c = 0.28(1) MeV and is consistent with the configuration of the 0₂⁺ band not producing any blocking of the monopole pairing.« less

Low-lying electromagnetic transition strengths in 180Pt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller-Gatermann, C.; Dewald, A.; Fransen, C.; Braunroth, T.; Jolie, J.; Litzinger, J.; Régis, J. M.; von Spee, F.; Warr, N.; Zell, K. O.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hauschild, K.; Jakobsson, U.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Nieminen, P.; Nyman, M.; Peura, P.; Rahkila, P.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Sorri, J.; Stolze, S.; Uusitalo, J.; Petkov, P.

2018-02-01

Lifetime measurements have been performed using the 98Mo(86Kr,4 n )180Pt reaction at a beam energy of 380 MeV, and the recoil distance Doppler-shift method. In a second experiment the 168Yb(16O,4 n )180Pt reaction at a beam energy of 88 MeV using the Ge-gated γ -γ fast timing technique was used to determine lifetimes. Lifetimes of the four lowest yrast states of 180Pt have been determined. The experimental data are compared to calculations within the framework of the interacting boson model and the general collective model. Both models predict a deformed ground state and are consistent with all the remaining experimental results.

Analysis of the experimental level scheme of {sup 61}Cu using computational technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gupta, Anuradha, E-mail: annu1gupta1@gmail.com; Verma, Preeti, E-mail: preetiverma130587@gmail.com; Bharti, Arun, E-mail: arunbharti-2003@yahoo.co.in

2015-08-28

The high-spin structure in {sup 61}Cu nucleus is studied in terms of effective two body interaction. In order to take into account the deformed BCS basis, the basis states are expanded in terms of the core eigenfunctions. Yrast band with some other bands havew been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental data for {sup 61}Cu nucleus. On comparing the available experimental as well as other theoretical data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data.

Nuclear shapes studied with low-energy Coulomb excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zielińska, Magda; Hadyńska-Klȩk, Katarzyna

2018-05-01

Coulomb excitation is one of the rare methods available to obtain information on static electromagnetic moments of short-lived excited nuclear states, including collective non-yrast levels. It is thus an ideal tool to study shape coexistence and shape evolution throughout the nuclear chart. Historically, these experiments were limited to stable isotopes, however the advent of new facilities, providing intense beams of short-lived radioactive species, has opened the possibility to apply this powerful technique to a much wider range of nuclei. Here, we present some recent complex Coulomb-excitation studies and use the example of superdeformed states in 42Ca to demonstrate the sensitivity of the method to second-order effects such as relative signs of electromagnetic matrix elements and quadrupole moments.

Study of nuclear structure of 76-86Sr isotopes in the pn interacting boson model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxena, M.; Gupta, J. B.; Mandal, S.

2015-08-01

The proton neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2) has been used to make a systematic study of Strontium isotopes in this mass region of A ˜ 80 with 38 ≤slant N ≤slant 48 and Z = 38. The three-term Talmi-Otsuka general Hamiltonian in the framework of the neutron proton version of the Interaction boson model was used to perform the calculations. The yrast levels energy are reproduced. The beta and gamma band energy levels also matched well. The reduced transition probabilities were also calculated and were found to be in agreement with the experimental values. In addition, g-factor for the {2}1+ state was evaluated. Possible candidates for mixed symmetry states were also predicted for several nuclei in this isotopic chain.

Phenomenological study of nuclear structure of neutron-rich 88Rb isotope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Surbhi; Gupta, Anuradha; Bharti, Arun

2018-05-01

A theoretical study of the nuclear structure of odd-odd 88Rb nucleus in the A ˜100 mass region is carried out by using the angular-momentum-projection technique implemented in the Projected Shell Model (PSM). The influence of the high-j orbitals, h11/2 for neutrons and g9/2 for protons on the structure of 88Rb isotope is investigated in the present case by assuming an axial symmetry in the deformed basis. For this isotope, PSM calculations are performed to obtain the yrast line and also the description of the formation of the yrast level structure from multi-quasi-particle configurations. The back-bending in moment of inertia and transition energies have also been calculated and compared with the experimental data.

Persistence of collective behavior at high spin in the N = 88 nucleus Tb 153

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hartley, D. J.; Riley, M. A.; Wang, X.

Excited states in the N = 88 nucleus Tb-153 were observed up to spin similar to 40 in an experiment utilizing the Gammasphere array. The Tb-153 states were populated in a weak alpha 4n evaporation channel of the Cl-37 + Sn-124 reaction. Two previously known sequences were extended to higher spins, and a new decoupled structure was identified. The pi h(11/2) band was observed in the spin region where other N = 88 isotopes exhibit effects of prolate to oblate shape changes leading to band termination along the yrast line, whereas Tb-153 displays a persistent collective behavior. However, minor perturbationsmore » of the very highest state in both signatures of this h(11/2) band are observed, which perhaps signal the start of the transition towards band termination.« less

Nucleon Alignment and Shape Competition at High Spin in ^180Hf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tandel, U. S.; Chowdhury, P.; Tandel, S. K.; Sheppard, S.; Cline, D.; Wu, C. Y.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.

2006-10-01

In light even-N Hf isotopes (N = 96-106), the first i13/2 neutron alignment occurs at hφ< 0.3 MeV. In contrast, no alignment was observed up to ˜ 0.4 MeV in ^180,182Hf (N = 108,110) [1]. Theoretical calculations predict that oblate collective rotation becomes yrast at high spins in ^180Hf [2, 3]. In the present work, the yrast band of ^180Hf has been extended to high spins, via inelastic excitation, using a 1300 MeV ^180Hf beam incident on a thin ^232Th target. The γ rays were detected by Gammasphere, with event by event Doppler correction and Q-value selectivity provided by CHICO. The data reveal onset of the first nucleon alignment in ^180Hf at hφ ˜ 0.43 MeV, which is significantly higher than predictions (˜ 0.35 MeV). Interestingly, the γ-vibrational band is crossed by a band with apparent high moment-of-inertia at ˜ 0.25 MeV. This structure, which becomes near yrast at the highest observed spins will be discussed in the context of nucleon alignment and shape competition at high spin in ^180Hf. [1] E. Ngijoi-Yogo, Ph.D. thesis, U.Mass. Lowell (2004) [2] R.R. Hilton and H.J. Mang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1979 (1979). [3] F.R. Xu et al., Phys. Rev. C62, 014301 (2000).

Multi-quasiparticle excitations in145Tb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Yong; Zhou, Xiaohong; Zhang, Yuhu; Liu, Minliang; Guo, Yingxiang; Lei, Xiangguo; Hayakawa, T.; Oshima, M.; Toh, T.; Shizuma, T.; Katakura, J.; Hatsukawa, Y.; Matsuda, M.; Kusakari, H.; Sugawara, M.

2004-09-01

High-spin states in145Tb have been populated using the118Sn (32S, 1p4n) reaction at beam energy of 165 MeV. The level scheme of145Tb has been established up to Ex≈7.4 MeV. The level scheme shows characteristics of a spherical or slightly oblate nucleus. Based on the systematic trends of the level structure in the neighboring N=80 isotones, the level structure in145Tb below 2 MeV excitation is well eplained by coupling an h 11/2 valence proton to the even-even144Gd core. Above 2 MeV excitation, most of the yrast levels are interpreted with multi-quasiparticle shell-model configurations.

Special features of isomeric ratios in nuclear reactions induced by various projectile particles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Danagulyan, A. S.; Hovhannisyan, G. H., E-mail: hov-gohar@ysu.am; Bakhshiyan, T. M.

2016-05-15

Calculations for (p, n) and (α, p3n) reactions were performed with the aid of the TALYS-1.4 code. Reactions in which the mass numbers of target and product nuclei were identical were examined in the range of A = 44–124. Excitation functions were obtained for product nuclei in ground and isomeric states, and isomeric ratios were calculated. The calculated data reflect well the dependence of the isomeric ratios on the projectile type. A comparison of the calculated and experimental data reveals, that, for some nuclei in a high-spin state, the calculated data fall greatly short of their experimental counterparts. These discrepanciesmore » may be due to the presence of high-spin yrast states and rotational bands in these nuclei. Calculations involving various level-density models included in the TALYS-1.4 code with allowance for the enhancement of collective effects do not remove the discrepancies in the majority of cases.« less

K-mixing in the doubly mid-shell nuclide 170Dy and the role of vibrational degeneracy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Söderström, P.-A.; Walker, P. M.; Wu, J.; Liu, H. L.; Regan, P. H.; Watanabe, H.; Doornenbal, P.; Korkulu, Z.; Lee, P.; Liu, J. J.; Lorusso, G.; Nishimura, S.; Phong, V. H.; Sumikama, T.; Xu, F. R.; Yagi, A.; Zhang, G. X.; Ahn, D. S.; Alharbi, T.; Baba, H.; Browne, F.; Bruce, A. M.; Carroll, R. J.; Chae, K. Y.; Dombradi, Zs.; Estrade, A.; Fukuda, N.; Griffin, C. J.; Ideguchi, E.; Inabe, N.; Isobe, T.; Kanaoka, H.; Kanaya, S.; Kojouharov, I.; Kondev, F. G.; Kubo, T.; Kubono, S.; Kurz, N.; Kuti, I.; Lalkovski, S.; Lane, G. J.; Lee, E. J.; Lee, C. S.; Lotay, G.; Moon, C.-B.; Nishizuka, I.; Niţă, C. R.; Odahara, A.; Patel, Z.; Podolyák, Zs.; Roberts, O. J.; Sakurai, H.; Schaffner, H.; Shand, C. M.; Suzuki, H.; Takeda, H.; Terashima, S.; Vajta, Zs.; Valiente-Dòbon, J. J.; Xu, Z. Y.

2016-11-01

A detailed study of the structure of the doubly mid-shell nucleus 104 1 66 170 Dy has been carried out, following isomeric and β decay. We have measured the yrast band up to the spin-parity Jπ =6+ state, the K = 2γ-vibration band up to the 5+ state, a low-lying negative-parity band based on a 2- state that could be a candidate for the lowest energy octupole vibration state within this nucleus, and a candidate for the Kπ =6+ two quasi-particle isomer. This state was determined to have an excitation energy of 1643.91(23) keV and a half life of 0.99(4) μs, with a reduced hindrance for its decay to the ground-state band an order of magnitude lower than predicted by NpNn systematics. This is interpreted as being due to γ-vibrational mixing from a near degeneracy of the isomer and the 6+ state of the γ band. Furthermore, the parent nucleus 170Tb has been determined to have a half-life of 0.91 (+18-13) s with a possible spin-parity of 2-.

Vibrational and rotational sequences in 101Mo and 103,4Ru studied via multinucleon transfer reactions

DOE PAGES

Regan, P. H.; Wheldon, C.; Yamamoto, A. D.; ...

2005-04-01

The near-yrast states of 42 101Mo 59 and 44 103,4Ru 59,60 have been studied following their population via heavy-ion multinucleon transfer reactions between a 136 Xe beam and a thin, self-supporting 100Mo target. The ground state sequence in 104Ru can be understood as demonstrating a simple evolution from a quasi-vibrational structure at lower spins to statically deformed, quasi-rotational excitation involving the population of a pair of low-Ω h 11/2 neutron orbitals. The effect of the decoupled h 11/2 orbital on this vibration-to-rotational evolution is demonstrated by an extension of the "E-GOS" prescription to include odd-A nuclei. The experimental results aremore » also compared with self-consistent Total Routhian Surface calculations which also highlight the polarising role of the highly aligned neutron h 11/2 orbital in these nuclei.« less

Semiclassical unified description of wobbling motion in even-even and even-odd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raduta, A. A.; Poenaru, R.; Ixaru, L. Gr.

2017-11-01

A unitary description for wobbling motion in even-even and even-odd nuclei is presented. In both cases compact formulas for wobbling frequencies are derived. The accuracy of the harmonic approximation is studied for the yrast as well as for the excited bands in the even-even case. Important results for the structure of the wave function and its behavior inside the two wells of the potential energy function corresponding to the Bargmann representation are pointed out. Applications to 158Er and 163Lu reveal a very good agreement with available data. Indeed, the yrast energy levels in the even-even case and the first four triaxial superdeformed bands, TSD1, TSD2, TSD3, and TSD4, are realistically described. Also, the results agree with the data for the E 2 and M 1 intra- as well as interband transitions. Perspectives for the formalism development and an extensive application to several nuclei from various regions of the nuclides chart are presented.

RDM lifetime measurements in 107Cd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andgren, K.; Ashley, S. F.; Regan, P. H.; McCutchan, E. A.; Zamfir, N. V.; Amon, L.; Cakirli, R. B.; Casten, R. F.; Clark, R. M.; Gürdal, G.; Keyes, K. L.; Meyer, D. A.; Erduran, M. N.; Papenberg, A.; Pietralla, N.; Plettner, C.; Rainovski, G.; Ribas, R. V.; Thomas, N. J.; Vinson, J.; Warner, D. D.; Werner, V.; Williams, E.

2005-10-01

Lifetimes for decays linking near-yrast states in 107Cd have been measured using the recoil distance method (RDM). The nucleus of interest was populated via the 98Mo(12C,3n)107Cd fusion-evaporation reaction at an incident beam energy of 60 MeV. From the measured lifetimes, transition probabilities have been deduced and compared with the theoretical B(E2) values for limiting cases of harmonic vibrational and axially deformed rotational systems. Our initial results suggest a rotor-like behaviour for the structure based on the unnatural-parity, h11/2 orbital in 107Cd, providing further evidence for the role of this 'shape-polarizing' orbital in stabilizing the nuclear deformation in the A ~ 100 transitional region.

Generalization of the NpNn scheme to nonyrast levels of even-even nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y. M.; Arima, A.

2003-07-01

In this Brief Report we present the systematics of excitation energies for even-even nuclei in two regions: the 50yrast states which have been investigated extensively. It is highlighted that deformations in nonyrast quasibands of nuclei with Z˜80 and N˜104 are often very different from those in the ground bands.

Multi-quasiparticle excitations in 145Tb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Y.; Zhou, X. H.; Zhang, Y. H.; Hayakawa, T.; Oshima, M.; Toh, Y.; Shizuma, T.; Katakura, J.; Hatsukawa, Y.; Matsuda, M.; Kusakari, H.; Sugawara, M.; Furuno, K.; Komatsubara, T.

2004-04-01

High-spin states in 145Tb have been investigated by means of in-beam ggr-ray spectroscopy techniques with the 118Sn(32S, 1p4n) reaction. Excitation functions, X-ggr-t and ggr-ggr-t coincidences and ggr-ray anisotropies were measured. A level scheme of 145Tb was established up to Exap 7 MeV. The level structure shows characteristics of a spherical nucleus. Based on the systematics of level structure in the odd-A N = 80 isotones, the level structure below 2 MeV excitation is interpreted by coupling an h11/2 proton to the excitations in the even-even 144Gd core. Above 2 MeV excitation, most of the yrast levels are interpreted with multi-quasiparticle shell-model configurations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Broda, R.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Iskra, Ł. W.

Yrast and near-yrast levels up to spin values in excess of I = 30h have been delineated in the doubly-magic 208Pb nucleus following deep-inelastic reactions involving 208Pb targets and, mostly, 430-MeV 48Ca and 1440-MeV 208Pb beams. The level scheme was established up to an excitation energy of 16.4 MeV, based on multi-fold γ-ray coincidence relationships measured with the Gammasphere array. Below the well-known, 0.5-μs 10 + isomer, ten new transitions were added to earlier work. The delineation of the higher parts of the level sequence benefited from analyses involving a number of prompt- and delayed-coincidence conditions. Three new isomeric statesmore » were established along the yrast line with I π = 20 - (10342 keV), 23 + (11361 keV), and 28 - (13675 keV), and respective half-lives of 22(3), 12.7(2), and 60(6) ns. Gamma transitions were also identified preceding in time the 28 - isomer, however, only a few could be placed in the level scheme and no firm spin-parity quantum numbers could be proposed. In contrast, for most states below this 28 - isomer, firm spin-parity values were assigned, based on total electron-conversion coefficients, deduced for low-energy (<500 keV) transitions from γ-intensity balances, and on measured γ-ray angular distributions. The latter also enabled the quantitative determination of mixing ratios. The transition probabilities extracted for all isomeric transitions in 208Pb have been reviewed and discussed in terms of the intrinsic structure of the initial and final levels involved. Particular emphasis was placed on the many observed E3 transitions as they often exhibit significant enhancements in strength (of the order of tens of W.u.) comparable to the one seen for the neutron j 15/2→g 9/2 E3 transition in 209Pb. In this context, the enhancement of the 725-keV E3 transition (56 W.u.) associated with the decay of the highest-lying 28 - isomer observed in this work remains particularly challenging to explain. Large

Shell-model states with seniority ν = 3 , 5, and 7 in odd- A neutron-rich Sn isotopes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Iskra, Ł. W.; Broda, R.; Janssens, R. V. F.

2016-01-01

Excited states with seniority ν=3, 5, and 7 have been investigated in odd neutron-rich Sn119,121,123,125 isotopes produced by fusion-fission of 6.9-MeV/ACa48 beams with Pb208 and U238 targets and by fission of a U238 target bombarded with 6.7-MeV/ANi64 beams. Level schemes have been established up to high spin and excitation energies in excess of 6 MeV, based on multifold gamma-ray coincidence relationships measured with the Gammasphere array. In the analysis, the presence of isomers was exploited to identify gamma rays and propose transition placements using prompt and delayed coincidence techniques. Gamma decays of the known 27/2- isomers were expanded by identifyingmore » new deexcitation paths feeding 23/2+ long-lived states and 21/2+ levels. Competing branches in the decay of 23/2- states toward two 19/2- levels were delineated as well. In Sn119, a new 23/2+ isomer was identified, while a similar 23/2+ long-lived state, proposed earlier in Sn121, has now been confirmed. In both cases, isomeric half-lives were determined with good precision. In the range of ν=3 excitations, the observed transitions linking the various states enabled one to propose with confidence spin-parity assignments for all the observed states. Above the 27/2- isomers, an elaborate structure of negative-parity levels was established reaching the (39/2-), ν=7 states, with tentative spin-parity assignments based on the observed deexcitation paths as well as on general yrast population arguments. In all the isotopes under investigation, strongly populated sequences of positive-parity (35/2+), (31/2+), and (27/2+) states were established, feeding the 23/2+ isomers via cascades of three transitions. In the Sn121,123 isotopes, these sequences also enabled the delineation of higher-lying levels, up to (43/2+) states. In Sn123, a short half-life was determined for the (35/2+) state. Shell-model calculations were carried out for all the odd Sn isotopes, from Sn129 down to Sn119, and the results

Collective excitations in the transitional nuclei 163Re and 165Re

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis-Merry, T. R.; Joss, D. T.; Page, R. D.; Simpson, J.; Paul, E. S.; Ali, F. A.; Bianco, L.; Carroll, R. J.; Cederwall, B.; Darby, I. G.; Drummond, M. C.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Ertürk, S.; Gómez-Hornillos, M. B.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hadinia, B.; Jakobsson, U.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Ketelhut, S.; Leino, M.; Nieminen, P.; Nyman, M.; O'Donnell, D.; Pakarinen, J.; Peura, P.; Rahkila, P.; Revill, J. P.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sapple, P. J.; Sarén, J.; Sayǧi, B.; Scholey, C.; Sorri, J.; Thomson, J.; Uusitalo, J.

2015-03-01

Excited states in the neutron-deficient nuclei 75163Re88 and 75165Re90 were populated in the 106Cd( 60Ni ,p 2 n γ ) and 92Mo( 78Kr , 3 p 2 n γ ) fusion-evaporation reactions at bombarding energies of 270 and 380 MeV, respectively. γ rays were detected at the target position using the JUROGAM spectrometer while recoiling ions were separated in-flight by the RITU gas-filled recoil separator and implanted in the GREAT spectrometer. The energy level schemes for 163Re and 165Re were identified using recoil-decay correlation techniques. At low spin, the yrast bands of these isotopes consist of signature partner bands based on a single π h11 /2 quasiproton configuration. The bands display large energy splitting consistent with the soft triaxial shape typical of transitional nuclei above N =82 . The configurations of the excited states are proposed within the framework of the cranked shell model.

Search for electron and gamma-ray decay of the ^238fPu fission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beausang, C. W.; Gurdal, G.; Ressler, J.; Barton, C. J.; Caprio, M. A.; Casten, R. F.; Cooper, J. R.; Hecht, A. A.; Hutter, C.; Zamfir, N. V.; Hauschild, K.; Korten, W.; Mergel, E.

2002-04-01

The reaction ^9Be + ^232Th arrow ^241Pu, at beam energies of 50 and 55 MeV, was used in an attempt to populate states in the second minimum (fission isomer) of ^238Pu via the 3n evaporation channel. Prompt gamma-rays, detected using YRAST Ball and conversion electrons, detected using ICE Ball, were collected in coincidence with delayed fission events measured using elements of the Yale SCARY array of solar cell detectors. The solar cell detectors were shielded so as not to view the large prompt fission flux from the target. Instead the detectors were located so that they could detect delayed fission events, originating from the 6 ns fission isomer state in ^238Pu, which occur downstream from the target position. Data analysis is in progress and results to date will be presented. This work is partly supported by the U.S. DOE under grant numbers DE-FG02-91ER-40609, DE-FG02-88ER-40417.

Configuration-constrained cranking Hartree-Fock pairing calculations for sidebands of nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, W. Y.; Jiao, C. F.; Wu, Q.; Fu, X. M.; Xu, F. R.

2015-12-01

Background: Nuclear collective rotations have been successfully described by the cranking Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) model. However, for rotational sidebands which are built on intrinsic excited configurations, it may not be easy to find converged cranking HFB solutions. The nonconservation of the particle number in the BCS pairing is another shortcoming. To improve the pairing treatment, a particle-number-conserving (PNC) pairing method was suggested. But the existing PNC calculations were performed within a phenomenological one-body potential (e.g., Nilsson or Woods-Saxon) in which one has to deal the double-counting problem. Purpose: The present work aims at an improved description of nuclear rotations, particularly for the rotations of excited configurations, i.e., sidebands. Methods: We developed a configuration-constrained cranking Skyrme Hartree-Fock (SHF) calculation with the pairing correlation treated by the PNC method. The PNC pairing takes the philosophy of the shell model which diagonalizes the Hamiltonian in a truncated model space. The cranked deformed SHF basis provides a small but efficient model space for the PNC diagonalization. Results: We have applied the present method to the calculations of collective rotations of hafnium isotopes for both ground-state bands and sidebands, reproducing well experimental observations. The first up-bendings observed in the yrast bands of the hafnium isotopes are reproduced, and the second up-bendings are predicted. Calculations for rotational bands built on broken-pair excited configurations agree well with experimental data. The band-mixing between two Kπ=6+ bands observed in 176Hf and the K purity of the 178Hf rotational state built on the famous 31 yr Kπ=16+ isomer are discussed. Conclusions: The developed configuration-constrained cranking calculation has been proved to be a powerful tool to describe both the yrast bands and sidebands of deformed nuclei. The analyses of rotational moments of inertia

Rotational band structure in Mg 32

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crawford, H. L.; Fallon, P.; Macchiavelli, A. O.

2016-03-01

There is significant evidence supporting the existence of deformed ground states within the neutron-rich N ≈ 20 neon, sodium, and magnesium isotopes that make up what is commonly called the “island of inversion.” However, the rotational band structures, which are a characteristic fingerprint of a rigid nonspherical shape, have yet to be observed. In this work, we report on a measurement and analysis of the yrast (lowest lying) rotational band in 32 Mg up to spin I = 6 + produced in a two-step projectile fragmentation reaction and observed using the state-of-the-art γ -ray tracking detector array, GRETINA ( γmore » -ray energy tracking in-beam nuclear array). Large-scale shell-model calculations using the SDPF-U-MIX effective interaction show excellent agreement with the new data. Moreover, a theoretical analysis of the spectrum of rotational states as a function of the pairing gap, together with cranked-shell-model calculations, provides intriguing evidence for a reduction in pairing correlations with increased angular momentum, also in line with the shell-model results.« less

The mutable nature of particle-core excitations with spin in the one-valence-proton nucleus 133Sb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bocchi, G.; Leoni, S.; Fornal, B.; Colò, G.; Bortignon, P. F.; Bottoni, S.; Bracco, A.; Michelagnoli, C.; Bazzacco, D.; Blanc, A.; de France, G.; Jentschel, M.; Köster, U.; Mutti, P.; Régis, J.-M.; Simpson, G.; Soldner, T.; Ur, C. A.; Urban, W.; Fraile, L. M.; Lozeva, R.; Belvito, B.; Benzoni, G.; Bruce, A.; Carroll, R.; Cieplicka-Oryǹczak, N.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Didierjean, F.; Jolie, J.; Korten, W.; Kröll, T.; Lalkovski, S.; Mach, H.; Mărginean, N.; Melon, B.; Mengoni, D.; Million, B.; Nannini, A.; Napoli, D.; Olaizola, B.; Paziy, V.; Podolyák, Zs.; Regan, P. H.; Saed-Samii, N.; Szpak, B.; Vedia, V.

2016-09-01

The γ-ray decay of excited states of the one-valence-proton nucleus 133Sb has been studied using cold-neutron induced fission of 235U and 241Pu targets, during the EXILL campaign at the ILL reactor in Grenoble. By using a highly efficient HPGe array, coincidences between γ-rays prompt with the fission event and those delayed up to several tens of microseconds were investigated, allowing to observe, for the first time, high-spin excited states above the 16.6 μs isomer. Lifetimes analysis, performed by fast-timing techniques with LaBr3(Ce) scintillators, revealed a difference of almost two orders of magnitude in B(M1) strength for transitions between positive-parity medium-spin yrast states. The data are interpreted by a newly developed microscopic model which takes into account couplings between core excitations (both collective and non-collective) of the doubly magic nucleus 132Sn and the valence proton, using the Skyrme effective interaction in a consistent way. The results point to a fast change in the nature of particle-core excitations with increasing spin.

Nuclear Structure in 78Ge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forney, Anne M.; Walters, W. B.; Sethi, J.; Chiara, C. J.; Harker, J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Zhu, S.; Carpenter, M.; Alcorta, M.; Gürdal, G.; Hoffman, C. R.; Kay, B. P.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauristen, T.; Lister, C. J.; McCutchan, E. A.; Rogers, A. M.; Seweryniak, D.

2017-01-01

Owing to the importance of the structure of 76Ge in interpreting double β decay studies, the structures of adjacent nuclei have been of considerable interest. Recently reported features for the structures of 72,74,76Ge indicate both shape coexistence and triaxiality. New data for the excited states of 78Ge will be reported arising from Gammasphere studies of multinucleon transfer reactions between a 76Ge beam and thick heavy targets at the ATLAS facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The previously known yrast band is extended to higher spins, candidate levels for a triaxial sequence have been observed, and the associated staggering determined. The staggering in 78Ge found in this work is not in agreement with theoretical work. Candidates for negative-parity states and seniority-four states will be discussed. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. DOE under DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG02-94ER40834. Resources of ANL's ATLAS setup, a DOE Office of Science user facility, were used.

Abrupt shape transition at neutron number N =60 : B (E 2 ) values in 94,96,98Sr from fast γ -γ timing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Régis, J.-M.; Jolie, J.; Saed-Samii, N.; Warr, N.; Pfeiffer, M.; Blanc, A.; Jentschel, M.; Köster, U.; Mutti, P.; Soldner, T.; Simpson, G. S.; Drouet, F.; Vancraeyenest, A.; de France, G.; Clément, E.; Stezowski, O.; Ur, C. A.; Urban, W.; Regan, P. H.; Podolyák, Zs.; Larijani, C.; Townsley, C.; Carroll, R.; Wilson, E.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Paziy, V.; Olaizola, B.; Vedia, V.; Bruce, A. M.; Roberts, O. J.; Smith, J. F.; Scheck, M.; Kröll, T.; Hartig, A.-L.; Ignatov, A.; Ilieva, S.; Lalkovski, S.; Korten, W.; Mǎrginean, N.; Otsuka, T.; Shimizu, N.; Togashi, T.; Tsunoda, Y.

2017-05-01

Lifetimes of low-lying yrast states in neutron-rich 94,96,98Sr have been measured by Germanium-gated γ -γ fast timing with LaBr 3 (Ce ) detectors using the EXILL&FATIMA spectrometer at the Institut Laue-Langevin. Sr fission products were generated using cold-neutron-induced fission of 235U and stopped almost instantaneously within the thick target. The experimental B (E 2 ) values are compared with results of Monte Carlo shell-model calculations made without truncation on the occupation numbers of the orbits spanned by eight proton and eight neutron orbits and show good agreement. Similarly to the Zr isotopes, the abrupt shape transition in the Sr isotopes near neutron number N =60 is identified as being caused by many-proton excitations to its g9 /2 orbit.

K-mixing in the doubly mid-shell nuclide 170Dy and the role of vibrational degeneracy

DOE PAGES

Soderstrom, P. -A.; Walker, P. M.; Wu, J.; ...

2016-10-04

Here, a detailed study of the structure of the doubly mid-shell nucleus 170 66Dy 104 has been carried out, following isomeric and β decay. We have measured the yrast band up to the spin-parity J π = 6 + state, the K = 2 γ -vibration band up to the 5 + state, a low-lying negative-parity band based on a 2¯ state that could be a candidate for the lowest energy octupole vibration state within this nucleus, and a candidate for the K π = 6+ two quasi-particle isomer. This state was determined to have an excitation energy of 1643.91(23)more » keV and a half life of 0.99(4) μs, with a reduced hindrance for its decay to the groundstate band an order of magnitude lower than predicted by N pN n systematics. This is interpreted as being due to γ -vibrational mixing from a near degeneracy of the isomer and the 6 + state of the γ band. Furthermore, the parent nucleus 170Tb has been determined to have a half-life of 0.91( +18 –13) s with a possible spin-parity of 2¯.« less

Strongly deformed nuclear shapes at ultra-high spin and shape coexistence in N ~ 90 nuclei

DOE PAGES

Riley, M. A.; Aguilar, A.; Evans, A. O.; ...

2009-01-01

The N ~ 90 region of the nuclear chart has featured prominently as the spectroscopy of nuclei at extreme spin has progressed. This talk will present recent discoveries from investigations of high spin behavior in the N ~ 90 Er, Tm and Yb nuclei utilizing the Gammasphere gamma-ray spectrometer. In particular it will include discussion of the beautiful shape evolution and coexistence observed in these nuclei along with the identification of a remarkable new family of band structures. The latter are very weakly populated rotational sequences with high moment of inertia that bypass the classic terminating configurations near spin 40-50h,more » marking a return to collectivity that extends discrete γ-ray spectroscopy to well over 60h. Establishing the nature of the yrast states in these nuclei beyond the oblate band-termination states has been a major goal for the past two decades. Cranking calculations suggest that these new structures most likely represent stable triaxial strongly deformed bands that lie in a valley of favored shell energy in deformation and particle-number space.« less

Evolution from quasivibrational to quasirotational structure in 155Tm and yrast 27 /2- to 25 /2- energy anomaly in the A ≈150 mass region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, L.; Wang, S. Y.; Wang, S.; Hua, H.; Zhang, S. Q.; Meng, J.; Bark, R. A.; Wyngaardt, S. M.; Qi, B.; Sun, D. P.; Liu, C.; Li, Z. Q.; Jia, H.; Li, X. Q.; Xu, C.; Li, Z. H.; Sun, J. J.; Zhu, L. H.; Jones, P.; Lawrie, E. A.; Lawrie, J. J.; Wiedeking, M.; Bucher, T. D.; Dinoko, T.; Makhathini, L.; Majola, S. N. T.; Noncolela, S. P.; Shirinda, O.; Gál, J.; Kalinka, G.; Molnár, J.; Nyakó, B. M.; Timár, J.; Juhász, K.; Arogunjo, M.

2018-04-01

Excited states in 155Tm have been populated via the reaction 144Sm(16O, p 4 n )155Tm at a beam energy of 118 MeV. The ground-state band has been extended and a new side band of the ground-state band is identified. E-GOS curves and potential energy surface calculations are employed to discuss the structure evolution of the ground-state band. The newly observed side band in 155Tm is discussed based on the spin/energy systematics. In particular, the phenomenon of seniority inversion is proposed in 155Tm, and a systematic study of this phenomenon in the A ≈150 mass region is performed.

Projected shell model study on nuclei near the N = Z line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Y.

2003-04-01

Study of the N ≈ Z nuclei in the mass-80 region is not only interesting due to the existence of abundant nuclear-structure phenomena, but also important in understanding the nucleosynthesis in the rp-process. It is difficult to apply a conventional shell model due to the necessary involvement of the g 9/2 sub-shell. In this paper, the projected shell model is introduced to this study. Calculations are systematically performed for the collective levels as well as the quasi-particle excitations. It is demonstrated that calculations with this truncation scheme can achieve a comparable quality as the large-scale shell model diagonalizations for 48 Cr, but the present method can be applied to much heavier mass regions. While the known experimental data of the yrast bands in the N ≈ Z nuclei (from Se to Ru) are reasonably described, the present calculations predict the existence of high- K states, some of which lie low in energy under certain structure conditions.

Shape-Coexistence in ^191Tl and ^189Tl.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reviol, W.; Riedinger, L. L.; Carpenter, M. P.; Fischer, S. M.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Nisius, D.; Moore, E. F.

1997-10-01

The Tl isotopes at A ~ 190 are, like the neighboring Hg and Pb nuclei, recognized for a multiplicity of shapes. These shapes reach from spherical or weakly deformed oblate to well-deformed and superdeformed prolate, as mainly inferred from γ -ray spectroscopic studies. We have previously reported on shape-coexistence phenomena in ^191Tl and ^189Tl(W. Reviol et al., Phys. Scr. T56, 167 (1995), and references therein.). Here, we will focus on new results on the ``normally" deformed states in both nuclei obtained from a recent and an upcoming experiment at GAMMASPHERE. The states in ^191Tl and ^189Tl are populated by the reactions ^159Tb(^36S,4n)^191Tl at E_lab = 165 MeV and ^156Gd(^37Cl,4n)^189Tl at E_lab = 171 MeV, respectively. One of the questions to be addressed is about the main level structure in the positive-parity branch of ^191Tl^2. Whether this structure is oblate-collective in nature, like the [505]9/2^- yrast band, we will try to answer on the basis of the available lifetime data.

Lifetime measurement in ^170Yb

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Z.; Krücken, R.; Beausang, C. W.; Casten, R. F.; Cooper, J. R.; Cederkäll, J.; Caprio, M.; Novak, J. R.; Zamfir, N. V.; Barton, C.

1999-10-01

The nature of the low lying K^π=0^+ excitations in deformed nuclei have recently been subject of intense discussion. In this context we present results from a Coulomb excitation experiment on ^170Yb using a 70MeV ^16O beam on a gold backed, 1.5 mg/cm^2 thick ^170Yb target. The beam was delivered by the ESTU tandem accelerator of WNSL at Yale University. Gamma rays were detected by the YRAST Ball array in coincidence with back-scattered ^16O particles, which were detected in an array of 8 solar cells. Lineshapes were observed for several transitions from collective states in ^170Yb and the lifetimes for those states were extracted using a standard DSAM analysis. The results will be presented together with a short introduction to the solar cell array at Yale (SCARY) that was used to make angular selection of the excited ^170Yb nuclei. This work is supported by the US-DOE under grant numbers DE-FG02-91ER-40609 and DE-FG02-88ER-40417.

Projected shell model description of N = 114 superdeformed isotone nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, R. S.; Chen, L. M.; Chou, C. H.

2006-03-01

A systematic description of the yrast superdeformed (SD) bands in N = 114, Z = 80-84 isotone nuclei using the projected shell model is presented. The calculated γ-ray energies, moment of inertia and M1 transitions are compared with the data for which spin is assigned. Excellent agreement with the available data for all isotones is obtained. The calculated electromagnetic properties provide a microscopic understanding of those measured nuclei. Some predictions in superdeformed nuclei are also discussed.

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of the N=Z+1 nucleus 63Ga

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balamuth, D. P.; Hüttmeier, U. J.; Chapuran, T.; Popescu, D. G.; Arrison, J. W.

1991-05-01

A total of ten previously observed γ rays have been assigned to the N=Z+1 nucleus 63Ga; these provide the first information on excited states reported in this neutron-deficient system. 63Ga has been populated using the 40Ca(28Si, αp), 40Ca(32S, 2αp), and 40Ca(29Si, αpn) reactions at beam energies of 80-100 MeV. Particle-γ coincidence techniques provide a definitive identification of γ transitions in 63Ga. An yrast-level scheme is proposed on the basis of charged-particle-γ, charged-particle-γ-γ, and neutron-γ-γ coincidences. Spin and parity assignments are based on neutron-gated γ-ray angular distributions, directional correlation with oriented nuclei ratios and systematics. Nine new energy levels are identified in addition to the previously known ground state, with the highest level at an excitation energy of 7.7 MeV. The results are interpreted in terms of the relevant single-particle orbitals and the systematics of the neighboring nuclei. In addition, a new determination has been made of the E2/M1 mixing ratio for the (5/2-)1-->(3/2-)1 transition in 65Ga, resolving a disagreement between two previous measurements.

Role of the ν g 9 / 2 orbital in the development of collectivity in the A ≈ 60 region: The case of Co 61

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Zhu, S.; Janssens, R. V. F.

2015-04-01

An extensive study of the level structure of Co-61 has been performed following the complex Mg-26(Ca-48, 2 alpha 4np gamma)Co-61 reaction at beam energies of 275, 290, and 320 MeV using Gammasphere and the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA). The low-spin structure is discussed within the framework of shell-model calculations using the GXPF1A effective interaction. Two quasirotational bands consisting of stretched-E2 transitions have been established up to spins I = 41/2 and (43/2), and excitation energies of similar to 17 and similar to 20 MeV, respectively. These are interpreted as signature partners built on a neutron nu(g(9/2))(2) configuration coupled to amore » proton pi p(3/2) state, based on cranked shell model (CSM) calculations and comparisons with observations in neighboring nuclei. In addition, four Delta I = 1 bands were populated to high spin, with the yrast dipole band interpreted as a possible candidate for the shears mechanism, a process seldom observed thus far in this mass region.« less

Nuclear spectroscopy of doubly-even130,132Ba

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, Surbhi; Singh, Suram; Bharti, Arun

2018-05-01

A comparative study of some high-spin characteristic nuclear structure properties of doubly-even 130,132Ba nuclei has been made using two microscopic frameworks - CHFB and PSM. The yrast spectra, intrinsic quadrupole moment and deformation systematics of these nuclei have been successfully calculated. Further, the calculated data from both the frameworks is also compared with the available experimental data and a good agreement has been obtained. The present CHFB calculations describes very well the low spin structure of even-even 130,132Ba nuclei whereas PSM calculations provide a qualitative description of the high-spin band structure of doubly-even 130,132Ba nuclei.

State of the States 2016: Arts Education State Policy Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aragon, Stephanie

2016-01-01

The "State of the States 2016" summarizes state policies for arts education identified in statute or administrative code for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Information is based on a comprehensive search of state education statute and codes on each state's relevant websites. Complete results from this review are available in…

State of the States, 2012: Arts Education State Policy Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arts Education Partnership (NJ1), 2012

2012-01-01

The "State of the States 2012" summarizes state policies for arts education identified in statute or code for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Information is based primarily on results from the AEP Arts Education State Policy Survey conducted in 2010-11, and updated in April 2012.

Neural-Network Quantum States, String-Bond States, and Chiral Topological States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glasser, Ivan; Pancotti, Nicola; August, Moritz; Rodriguez, Ivan D.; Cirac, J. Ignacio

2018-01-01

Neural-network quantum states have recently been introduced as an Ansatz for describing the wave function of quantum many-body systems. We show that there are strong connections between neural-network quantum states in the form of restricted Boltzmann machines and some classes of tensor-network states in arbitrary dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate that short-range restricted Boltzmann machines are entangled plaquette states, while fully connected restricted Boltzmann machines are string-bond states with a nonlocal geometry and low bond dimension. These results shed light on the underlying architecture of restricted Boltzmann machines and their efficiency at representing many-body quantum states. String-bond states also provide a generic way of enhancing the power of neural-network quantum states and a natural generalization to systems with larger local Hilbert space. We compare the advantages and drawbacks of these different classes of states and present a method to combine them together. This allows us to benefit from both the entanglement structure of tensor networks and the efficiency of neural-network quantum states into a single Ansatz capable of targeting the wave function of strongly correlated systems. While it remains a challenge to describe states with chiral topological order using traditional tensor networks, we show that, because of their nonlocal geometry, neural-network quantum states and their string-bond-state extension can describe a lattice fractional quantum Hall state exactly. In addition, we provide numerical evidence that neural-network quantum states can approximate a chiral spin liquid with better accuracy than entangled plaquette states and local string-bond states. Our results demonstrate the efficiency of neural networks to describe complex quantum wave functions and pave the way towards the use of string-bond states as a tool in more traditional machine-learning applications.

State of the States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Education Finance, 2017

2017-01-01

In 2016, a group of school finance scholars and public school practitioners gathered in Jacksonville, Florida, for the National Education Finance Academy's annual conference to discuss, among an array of topics, the state of P-20 finance in all 50 states. At the roundtable discussion, 36 states were represented, and scholars representing 30 states…

One State, Two State, Red State, Blue State: Education Funding Accounts for Outcome Differences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meece, Darrell

2008-01-01

Using publically available data, states coded as "blue" based upon results from the 2004 presidential election were significantly higher in education funding than were states coded as "red." Students in blue states scored significantly higher on outcome measures of math and reading in grades four and eight in 2004 and 2007 than did students in red…

7 CFR 1220.615 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.615 Section 1220.615... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures To Request a Referendum Definitions § 1220.615 State and United States. State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District of Columbia...

7 CFR 1220.615 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.615 Section 1220.615... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures To Request a Referendum Definitions § 1220.615 State and United States. State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District of Columbia...

7 CFR 1220.129 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.129 Section 1220.129... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.129 State and United States. The terms State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District...

7 CFR 1220.129 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.129 Section 1220.129... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.129 State and United States. The terms State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District...

7 CFR 1220.129 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.129 Section 1220.129... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.129 State and United States. The terms State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District...

7 CFR 1220.129 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.129 Section 1220.129... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.129 State and United States. The terms State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District...

7 CFR 1220.129 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.129 Section 1220.129... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.129 State and United States. The terms State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District...

7 CFR 1220.615 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.615 Section 1220.615... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures To Request a Referendum Definitions § 1220.615 State and United States. State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District of Columbia...

7 CFR 1220.615 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.615 Section 1220.615... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures To Request a Referendum Definitions § 1220.615 State and United States. State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District of Columbia...

7 CFR 1220.615 - State and United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State and United States. 1220.615 Section 1220.615... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures To Request a Referendum Definitions § 1220.615 State and United States. State and United States include the 50 States of the United States of America, the District of Columbia...

State Correctional Education Programs. State Policy Update.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tolbert, Michelle

Secure state correctional facilities currently house more than 1.8 million adults, and nearly 4.4 million adults fall under state-administered community corrections. A state's approach to corrections and the communication between the state correctional components can have a large impact on the state's correctional education program. Decentralized…

Optimal resource states for local state discrimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bandyopadhyay, Somshubhro; Halder, Saronath; Nathanson, Michael

2018-02-01

We study the problem of locally distinguishing pure quantum states using shared entanglement as a resource. For a given set of locally indistinguishable states, we define a resource state to be useful if it can enhance local distinguishability and optimal if it can distinguish the states as well as global measurements and is also minimal with respect to a partial ordering defined by entanglement and dimension. We present examples of useful resources and show that an entangled state need not be useful for distinguishing a given set of states. We obtain optimal resources with explicit local protocols to distinguish multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and graph states and also show that a maximally entangled state is an optimal resource under one-way local operations and classical communication to distinguish any bipartite orthonormal basis which contains at least one entangled state of full Schmidt rank.

State of the States 2013

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Education Finance, 2014

2014-01-01

Presenters at the State of the States Roundtable session at the 2014 National Education Finance Conference in Louisville were invited to submit their papers for publication. These papers address the following topics: (1) State issues affecting P-12 and/or higher education funding; (2) Funding priorities/trends for P-12 and/or higher education; (3)…

State of the States 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Education Finance, 2015

2015-01-01

Presenters at the State of the States Roundtable session at the 2014 National Education Finance Conference in Louisville were invited to submit their papers for publication. These papers address the following topics: (1) State issues affecting P-12 and/or higher education funding; (2) Funding priorities/trends for P-12 and/or higher education; (3)…

Minimally conscious state or cortically mediated state?

PubMed

Naccache, Lionel

2018-04-01

Durable impairments of consciousness are currently classified in three main neurological categories: comatose state, vegetative state (also recently coined unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) and minimally conscious state. While the introduction of minimally conscious state, in 2002, was a major progress to help clinicians recognize complex non-reflexive behaviours in the absence of functional communication, it raises several problems. The most important issue related to minimally conscious state lies in its criteria: while behavioural definition of minimally conscious state lacks any direct evidence of patient's conscious content or conscious state, it includes the adjective 'conscious'. I discuss this major problem in this review and propose a novel interpretation of minimally conscious state: its criteria do not inform us about the potential residual consciousness of patients, but they do inform us with certainty about the presence of a cortically mediated state. Based on this constructive criticism review, I suggest three proposals aiming at improving the way we describe the subjective and cognitive state of non-communicating patients. In particular, I present a tentative new classification of impairments of consciousness that combines behavioural evidence with functional brain imaging data, in order to probe directly and univocally residual conscious processes.

State laws on tobacco control--United States, 1998.

PubMed

Fishman, J A; Allison, H; Knowles, S B; Fishburn, B A; Woollery, T A; Marx, W T; Shelton, D M; Husten, C G; Eriksen, M P

1999-06-25

State laws addressing tobacco use, the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, are summarized. Laws address smoke-free indoor air, minors' access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products. Legislation effective through December 31, 1998. CDC identified laws addressing tobacco control by using an on-line legal research database. CDC's findings were verified with the National Cancer Institute's State Cancer Legislative Database. Since a previous surveillance summary on state tobacco-control laws published in November 1995 (covering legislation effective through June 30, 1995), several states have enacted new restrictions or strengthened existing legislation that addresses smoke-free indoor air, minors' access to tobacco, tobacco advertising, and tobacco taxes. Five states strengthened their smoke-free indoor air legislation. All states and Washington, D.C., continued to prohibit the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors; however, 21 states expanded minors' access laws by designating enforcement authorities, adding license suspension or revocation for sale to minors, or requiring signage. Since the 1995 report, eight additional states (a total of 19 states and Washington, D.C.) now ban vending machines from areas accessible to minors. Thirteen states restrict advertising of tobacco products, an increase of four states since the 1995 report. Although the number of states that tax cigarettes and smokeless tobacco did not change, 13 states increased excise taxes on cigarettes, and five states increased excise taxes on smokeless tobacco products. The average state excise tax on cigarettes is 38.9 cents per pack, an increase of 7.4 cents compared with the average tax in the 1995 report. State laws addressing tobacco control vary in relation to restrictiveness, enforcement and penalties, preemptions, and exceptions. The data summarizing state tobacco-control laws are available through CDC

Benefits of State-by-State Comparisons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Gary W.

1991-01-01

Suggests that the National Assessment of Educational Progress's (NAEP) Trial State Assessment (TSA) will provide reliable and valid state-by-state comparisons of what students have learned and will assess their progress over time. The TSA will also provide information on home learning environments, instructional practices, educational resources,…

State Online College Job Market: Ranking the States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carnevale, Anthony; Jayasundera, Tamara; Repnikov, Dmitri; Gulish, Artem

2015-01-01

"State Online College Job Market: Ranking the States" analyzes the online college labor market on a state-by-state basis. We examine the geographic distribution of online job ads for college graduates within industries and occupational clusters, and compare the relative strength of the online college labor market across states. We…

Product-State Approximations to Quantum States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandão, Fernando G. S. L.; Harrow, Aram W.

2016-02-01

We show that for any many-body quantum state there exists an unentangled quantum state such that most of the two-body reduced density matrices are close to those of the original state. This is a statement about the monogamy of entanglement, which cannot be shared without limit in the same way as classical correlation. Our main application is to Hamiltonians that are sums of two-body terms. For such Hamiltonians we show that there exist product states with energy that is close to the ground-state energy whenever the interaction graph of the Hamiltonian has high degree. This proves the validity of mean-field theory and gives an explicitly bounded approximation error. If we allow states that are entangled within small clusters of systems but product across clusters then good approximations exist when the Hamiltonian satisfies one or more of the following properties: (1) high degree, (2) small expansion, or (3) a ground state where the blocks in the partition have sublinear entanglement. Previously this was known only in the case of small expansion or in the regime where the entanglement was close to zero. Our approximations allow an extensive error in energy, which is the scale considered by the quantum PCP (probabilistically checkable proof) and NLTS (no low-energy trivial-state) conjectures. Thus our results put restrictions on the possible Hamiltonians that could be used for a possible proof of the qPCP or NLTS conjectures. By contrast the classical PCP constructions are often based on constraint graphs with high degree. Likewise we show that the parallel repetition that is possible with classical constraint satisfaction problems cannot also be possible for quantum Hamiltonians, unless qPCP is false. The main technical tool behind our results is a collection of new classical and quantum de Finetti theorems which do not make any symmetry assumptions on the underlying states.

State-to-State Mode Specificity: Energy Sequestration and Flow Gated by Transition State.

PubMed

Zhao, Bin; Sun, Zhigang; Guo, Hua

2015-12-23

Energy flow and sequestration at the state-to-state level are investigated for a prototypical four-atom reaction, H2 + OH → H + H2O, using a transition-state wave packet (TSWP) method. The product state distribution is found to depend strongly on the reactant vibrational excitation, indicating mode specificity at the state-to-state level. From a local-mode perspective, it is shown that the vibrational excitation of the H2O product derives from two different sources, one attributable to the energy flow along the reaction coordinate into the newly formed OH bond and the other due to the sequestration of the vibrational energy in the OH spectator moiety during the reaction. The analysis provided a unified interpretation of some seemingly contradicting experimental observations. It is further shown that the transfer of vibrational energy from the OH reactant to H2O product is gated by the transition state, accomplished coherently by multiple TSWPs with the corresponding OH vibrational excitation.

Transition States and transition state analogue interactions with enzymes.

PubMed

Schramm, Vern L

2015-04-21

Enzymatic transition states have lifetimes of a few femtoseconds (fs). Computational analysis of enzyme motions leading to transition state formation suggests that local catalytic site motions on the fs time scale provide the mechanism to locate transition states. An experimental test of protein fs motion and its relation to transition state formation can be provided by isotopically heavy proteins. Heavy enzymes have predictable mass-altered bond vibration states without altered electrostatic properties, according to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. On-enzyme chemistry is slowed in most heavy proteins, consistent with altered protein bond frequencies slowing the search for the transition state. In other heavy enzymes, structural changes involved in reactant binding and release are also influenced. Slow protein motions associated with substrate binding and catalytic site preorganization are essential to allow the subsequent fs motions to locate the transition state and to facilitate the efficient release of products. In the catalytically competent geometry, local groups move in stochastic atomic motion on the fs time scale, within transition state-accessible conformations created by slower protein motions. The fs time scale for the transition state motions does not permit thermodynamic equilibrium between the transition state and stable enzyme states. Isotopically heavy enzymes provide a diagnostic tool for fast coupled protein motions to transition state formation and mass-dependent conformational changes. The binding of transition state analogue inhibitors is the opposite in catalytic time scale to formation of the transition state but is related by similar geometries of the enzyme-transition state and enzyme-inhibitor interactions. While enzymatic transition states have lifetimes as short as 10(-15) s, transition state analogues can bind tightly to enzymes with release rates greater than 10(3) s. Tight-binding transition state analogues stabilize the rare but

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Louisiana State University: The State's

Science.gov Websites

First Workplace Charging Challenge Partner Louisiana State University: The State's First State University: The State's First Workplace Charging Challenge Partner on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Louisiana State University: The State's First Workplace Charging Challenge

State Clean Energy Policies Analysis (SCEPA): State Tax Incentives

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lantz, E.; Doris, E.

As a policy tool, state tax incentives can be structured to help states meet clean energy goals. Policymakers often use state tax incentives in concert with state and federal policies to support renewable energy deployment or reduce market barriers. This analysis used case studies of four states to assess the contributions of state tax incentives to the development of renewable energy markets. State tax incentives that are appropriately paired with complementary state and federal policies generally provide viable mechanisms to support renewable energy deployment. However, challenges to successful implementation of state tax incentives include serving project owners with limited statemore » tax liability, assessing appropriate incentive levels, and differentiating levels of incentives for technologies with different costs. Additionally, state tax incentives may result in moderately higher federal tax burdens. These challenges notwithstanding, state tax incentives that consider certain policy design characteristics can support renewable energy markets and state clean energy goals.The scale of their impact though is directly related to the degree to which they support the renewable energy markets for targeted sectors and technologies. This report highlights important policy design considerations for policymakers using state tax incentives to meet clean energy goals.« less

States that are far from being stabilizer states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andersson, David; Bengtsson, Ingemar; Blanchfield, Kate; Bui Dang, Hoan

2015-08-01

Stabilizer states are eigenvectors of maximal commuting sets of operators in a finite Heisenberg group. States that are far from being stabilizer states include magic states in quantum computation, MUB-balanced states, and SIC vectors. In prime dimensions the latter two fall under the umbrella of minimum uncertainty states (MUSs) in the sense of Wootters and Sussman. We study the correlation between two ways in which the notion of ‘far from being a stabilizer state’ can be quantified. Two theorems valid for all prime dimensions are given, as well as detailed results for low dimensions. In dimension 7 we identify the MUB-balanced states as being antipodal to the SIC vectors within the set of MUS, in a sense that we make definite. In dimension 4 we show that the states that come closest to being MUS with respect to all of the six stabilizer MUBs are the fiducial vectors for Alltop MUBs.

Enzymatic Transition States, Transition-State Analogs, Dynamics, Thermodynamics, and Lifetimes

PubMed Central

Schramm, Vern L.

2017-01-01

Experimental analysis of enzymatic transition-state structures uses kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) to report on bonding and geometry differences between reactants and the transition state. Computational correlation of experimental values with chemical models permits three-dimensional geometric and electrostatic assignment of transition states formed at enzymatic catalytic sites. The combination of experimental and computational access to transition-state information permits (a) the design of transition-state analogs as powerful enzymatic inhibitors, (b) exploration of protein features linked to transition-state structure, (c) analysis of ensemble atomic motions involved in achieving the transition state, (d) transition-state lifetimes, and (e) separation of ground-state (Michaelis complexes) from transition-state effects. Transition-state analogs with picomolar dissociation constants have been achieved for several enzymatic targets. Transition states of closely related isozymes indicate that the protein’s dynamic architecture is linked to transition-state structure. Fast dynamic motions in catalytic sites are linked to transition-state generation. Enzymatic transition states have lifetimes of femtoseconds, the lifetime of bond vibrations. Binding isotope effects (BIEs) reveal relative reactant and transition-state analog binding distortion for comparison with actual transition states. PMID:21675920

States of Consciousness and State-Specific Sciences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tart, Charles T.

1972-01-01

Proposes the development of state-specific sciences" to overcome the problems of scientifically studying altered states of consciousness induced by drugs or meditation from the paradigm of the ordinary consciousness state. The requirements of good observation, public nature of the observation, logical theorizing, and testing of theories by…

State Budgetary Assumptions. State Fiscal Brief No. 36.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyd, Donald J.; Davis, Elizabeth I.

When states prepare their budgets, they usually base revenue and expenditure projections upon forecasts of national and state economic and demographic trends. This brief presents findings of a Center for the Study of the States survey that asked state budget offices what they were assuming for many key variables. The survey obtained 41 state…

31 CFR 515.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 515.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof, including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 535.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 535.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 535.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 535.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 535.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 535.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 515.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 515.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof, including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 515.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 515.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof, including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 500.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 500.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof, including U.S. trust territories...

31 CFR 515.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 515.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof, including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 535.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 535.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 535.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 535.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof including the Trust Territory of...

31 CFR 515.321 - United States; continental United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false United States; continental United... General Definitions § 515.321 United States; continental United States. The term United States means the United States and all areas under the jurisdiction or authority thereof, including the Trust Territory of...

State of the States in Developmental Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braddock, David; Hemp, Richard; Rizzolo, Mary Kay

2008-01-01

This is the latest edition of the "State of the States in Developmental Disabilities" study--a thorough and the only one of its kind investigation on public spending, revenues, and programmatic trends of intellectual and developmental programs and services within the United States since 1977. Directed by leading researcher, Dr. David…

Rapanos v. United States & Carabell v. United States

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Documents associated with guidance for implementing the definition of waters of the United States under the Clean Water Act following the Rapanos v. United States, and Carabell v. United States Supreme Court decision.

Differences in liquor prices between control state-operated and license-state retail outlets in the United States.

PubMed

Siegel, Michael; DeJong, William; Albers, Alison B; Naimi, Timothy S; Jernigan, David H

2013-02-01

This study aims to compare the average price of liquor in the United States between retail alcohol outlets in states that have a monopoly ('control' states) with those that do not ('licence' states). A cross-sectional study of brand-specific alcohol prices in the United States. We determined the average prices in February 2012 of 74 brands of liquor among the 13 control states that maintain a monopoly on liquor sales at the retail level and among a sample of 50 license-state liquor stores, using their online-available prices. We calculated average prices for 74 brands of liquor by control versus license state. We used a random-effects regression model to estimate differences between control and license state prices-overall and by alcoholic beverage type. We also compared prices between the 13 control states. The overall mean price for the 74 brands was $27.79 in the license states [95% confidence interval (CI): $25.26-30.32] and $29.82 in the control states (95% CI: $26.98-32.66). Based on the random-effects linear regression model, the average liquor price was approximately $2 lower (6.9% lower) in license states. In the United States monopoly of alcohol retail outlets appears to be associated with slightly higher liquor prices. © 2012 The Authors, Addiction © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Controlled Remote State Preparation of an Arbitrary Two-Qubit State by Using GHZ States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Li; Zhao, Hong-xia

2017-03-01

In this paper, we demonstrate that two Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states can be used to realize the perfect and deterministic controlled remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state by performing only the two-qubit projective measurements and appropriate unitary operations.

State Education Governance Structures: 2017 Update. 50-State Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Railey, Hunter

2017-01-01

This 50-State Review provides an overview of governance structures in the states, as well as implications for practice, deep dives into four governance models and examples of other governance models. One appendix, State Education Governance Models by State, is included.

State cigarette minimum price laws - United States, 2009.

PubMed

2010-04-09

Cigarette price increases reduce the demand for cigarettes and thereby reduce smoking prevalence, cigarette consumption, and youth initiation of smoking. Excise tax increases are the most effective government intervention to increase the price of cigarettes, but cigarette manufacturers use trade discounts, coupons, and other promotions to counteract the effects of these tax increases and appeal to price-sensitive smokers. State cigarette minimum price laws, initiated by states in the 1940s and 1950s to protect tobacco retailers from predatory business practices, typically require a minimum percentage markup to be added to the wholesale and/or retail price. If a statute prohibits trade discounts from the minimum price calculation, these laws have the potential to counteract discounting by cigarette manufacturers. To assess the status of cigarette minimum price laws in the United States, CDC surveyed state statutes and identified those states with minimum price laws in effect as of December 31, 2009. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which determined that 25 states had minimum price laws for cigarettes (median wholesale markup: 4.00%; median retail markup: 8.00%), and seven of those states also expressly prohibited the use of trade discounts in the minimum retail price calculation. Minimum price laws can help prevent trade discounting from eroding the positive effects of state excise tax increases and higher cigarette prices on public health.

Bound states for magic state distillation in fault-tolerant quantum computation.

PubMed

Campbell, Earl T; Browne, Dan E

2010-01-22

Magic state distillation is an important primitive in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The magic states are pure nonstabilizer states which can be distilled from certain mixed nonstabilizer states via Clifford group operations alone. Because of the Gottesman-Knill theorem, mixtures of Pauli eigenstates are not expected to be magic state distillable, but it has been an open question whether all mixed states outside this set may be distilled. In this Letter we show that, when resources are finitely limited, nondistillable states exist outside the stabilizer octahedron. In analogy with the bound entangled states, which arise in entanglement theory, we call such states bound states for magic state distillation.

Beyond Equity: The New Politics of State Fiscal Constraints. State of the States: Florida.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herrington, Carolyn D.; Trimble, Susan

Public school funding in Florida differs from other states in a number of important ways. First, Florida has a highly equalized resource-distribution formula resulting in a high degree of interdistrict equity. Second, concerns for quality, while constant, have had to compete with the state's phenomenal growth. Third, the state exercises a much…

GLSEN's State of the States: How One Seattle Educator Gets an "A" in a Failing State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaught, Sabina Elena

2005-01-01

The Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network's (GLSEN) report "State of the States: A policy analysis of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) safer schools issues" presents a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. State grading is based on five categories, which include the…

The State "of" State U.S. History Standards 2011

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stern, Sheldon M.; Stern, Jeremy A.

2011-01-01

This study is the Thomas B. Fordham Institute's first review of the quality of state U.S. history standards since 2003. Key findings include: (1) A majority of states' standards are mediocre-to-awful. The average grade across "all" states is barely a D. In twenty-eight jurisdictions--a majority of states--the history standards earn Ds or…

2013 State of States' Early Childhood Data Systems. #2014-06

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Early Childhood Data Collaborative, 2014

2014-01-01

In July 2013, the Early Childhood Data Collaborative (ECDC) surveyed 50 states and the District of Columbia to assess state early childhood data systems. The survey, completed by state education, health, and social services staff, focused on these three key aspects of state data systems, taken from ECDC's 10 Fundamentals: (1) Do states have the…

Assessing state stem cell programs in the United States: how has state funding affected publication trends?

PubMed

Alberta, Hillary B; Cheng, Albert; Jackson, Emily L; Pjecha, Matthew; Levine, Aaron D

2015-02-05

Several states responded to federal funding limitations placed on human embryonic stem cell research and the potential of the field by creating state stem cell funding programs, yet little is known about the impact of these programs. Here we examine how state programs have affected publication trends in four states. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Remote state preparation through hyperentangled atomic states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nawaz, Mehwish; ul-Islam, Rameez-; Ikram, Manzoor

2018-04-01

Hyperentangled states have enhanced channel capacity in quantum processing and have yielded` evident increased communication speed in quantum informatics as a consequence of excessively high information content coded over each quantum entity. In the present article, we intend to demonstrate this fact by utilizing atomic states simultaneously entangled both in internal as well as external degrees of freedom, i.e. the de Broglie motion for remote state preparation (RSP). The results clearly demonstrate that we can efficiently communicate two bit information while manipulating only a single quantum subsystem. The states are prepared and manipulated using atomic Bragg diffraction as well as Ramsey interferometry, both of which are now considered as standard, state of the art tools based on cavity quantum electrodynamics. Since atomic Bragg diffraction is a large interaction time regime and produces spatially well separated, decoherence resistant outputs, the schematics presented here for the RSP offer important perspectives on efficient detection as well as unambiguous information coding and readout. The article summarizes the experimental feasibility of the proposal, culminating with a brief discussion.

Matrix product state description of Halperin states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crépel, V.; Estienne, B.; Bernevig, B. A.; Lecheminant, P.; Regnault, N.

2018-04-01

Many fractional quantum Hall states can be expressed as a correlator of a given conformal field theory used to describe their edge physics. As a consequence, these states admit an economical representation as an exact matrix product state (MPS) that was extensively studied for the systems without any spin or any other internal degrees of freedom. In that case, the correlators are built from a single electronic operator, which is primary with respect to the underlying conformal field theory. We generalize this construction to the archetype of Abelian multicomponent fractional quantum Hall wave functions, the Halperin states. These can be written as conformal blocks involving multiple electronic operators and we explicitly derive their exact MPS representation. In particular, we deal with the caveat of the full wave-function symmetry and show that any additional SU(2) symmetry is preserved by the natural MPS truncation scheme provided by the conformal dimension. We use our method to characterize the topological order of the Halperin states by extracting the topological entanglement entropy. We also evaluate their bulk correlation lengths, which are compared to plasma analogy arguments.

Bound states, scattering states, and resonant states in PT -symmetric open quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garmon, Savannah; Gianfreda, Mariagiovanna; Hatano, Naomichi

2015-08-01

We study a simple open quantum system with a PT -symmetric defect potential as a prototype in order to illustrate a number of general features of PT -symmetric open quantum systems; however, the potential itself could be mimicked by a number of PT systems that have been experimentally studied quite recently. One key feature is the resonance in continuum (RIC), which appears in both the discrete spectrum and the scattering spectrum of such systems. The RIC wave function forms a standing wave extending throughout the spatial extent of the system and in this sense represents a resonance between the open environment associated with the leads of our model and the central PT -symmetric potential. We also illustrate that as one deforms the system parameters, the RIC may exit the continuum by splitting into a bound state and a virtual bound state at the band edge, a process which should be experimentally observable. We also study the exceptional points appearing in the discrete spectrum at which two eigenvalues coalesce; we categorize these as either EP2As, at which two real-valued solutions coalesce before becoming complex-valued, and EP2Bs, for which the two solutions are complex on either side of the exceptional point. The EP2As are associated with PT -symmetry breaking; we argue that these are more stable against parameter perturbation than the EP2Bs. We also study complex-valued solutions of the discrete spectrum for which the wave function is nevertheless spatially localized, something that is not allowed in traditional open quantum systems; we illustrate that these may form quasibound states in continuum under some circumstances. We also study the scattering properties of the system, including states that support invisible propagation and some general features of perfect transmission states. We finally use our model as a prototype for the construction of scattering states that satisfy PT -symmetric boundary conditions; while these states do not conserve the

Directing Discipline: State Medical Board Responsiveness to State Legislatures.

PubMed

Lillvis, Denise F; McGrath, Robert J

2017-02-01

State medical boards are increasingly responsible for regulating medical and osteopathic licensure and professional conduct in the United States. Yet, there is great variation in the extent to which such boards take disciplinary action against physicians, indicating that some boards are more zealous regulators than others. We look to the political roots of such variation and seek to answer a simple, yet important, question: are nominally apolitical state medical boards responsive to political preferences? To address this question, we use panel data on disciplinary actions across sixty-four state medical boards from 1993 through 2006 and control for over-time changes in board characteristics (e.g., composition, independence, budgetary status), regulatory structure, and resources. We show that as state legislatures become more liberal [conservative], state boards increasingly [decreasingly] discipline physicians, especially during unified government and in the presence of highly professional legislatures. Our conclusions join others in emphasizing the importance of state medical boards and the contingent nature of political control of state regulation. In addition, we emphasize the roles that oversight capacity and strategy play in offsetting concerns regarding self-regulation of a powerful organized interest. Copyright © 2017 by Duke University Press.

A state comparison amplifier with feed forward state correction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazzarella, Luca; Donaldson, Ross; Collins, Robert; Zanforlin, Ugo; Buller, Gerald; Jeffers, John

2017-04-01

The Quantum State Comparison AMPlifier (SCAMP) is a probabilistic amplifier that works for known sets of coherent states. The input state is mixed with a guess state at a beam splitter and one of the output ports is coupled to a detector. The other output contains the amplified state, which is accepted on the condition that no counts are recorded. The system uses only classical resources and has been shown to achieve high gain and repetition rate. However the output fidelity is not high enough for most quantum communication purposes. Here we show how the success probability and fidelity are enhanced by repeated comparison stages, conditioning later state choices on the outcomes of earlier detections. A detector firing at an early stage means that a guess is wrong. This knowledge allows us to correct the state perfectly. The system requires fast-switching between different input states, but still requires only classical resources. Figures of merit compare favourably with other schemes, most notably the probability-fidelity product is higher than for unambiguous state discrimination. Due to its simplicity, the system is a candidate to counteract quantum signal degradation in a lossy fibre or as a quantum receiver to improve the key rate of continuous variable quantum communication. The work was supported by the QComm Project of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M013472/1).

State-Chart Autocoder

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, Kenneth; Watney, Garth; Murray, Alexander; Benowitz, Edward

2007-01-01

A computer program translates Unified Modeling Language (UML) representations of state charts into source code in the C, C++, and Python computing languages. ( State charts signifies graphical descriptions of states and state transitions of a spacecraft or other complex system.) The UML representations constituting the input to this program are generated by using a UML-compliant graphical design program to draw the state charts. The generated source code is consistent with the "quantum programming" approach, which is so named because it involves discrete states and state transitions that have features in common with states and state transitions in quantum mechanics. Quantum programming enables efficient implementation of state charts, suitable for real-time embedded flight software. In addition to source code, the autocoder program generates a graphical-user-interface (GUI) program that, in turn, generates a display of state transitions in response to events triggered by the user. The GUI program is wrapped around, and can be used to exercise the state-chart behavior of, the generated source code. Once the expected state-chart behavior is confirmed, the generated source code can be augmented with a software interface to the rest of the software with which the source code is required to interact.

Duality between a dark state and a quasi-dark state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hirokawa, Masao, E-mail: hirokawa@amath.hiroshima-u.ac.jp

We study a physical system coupled with two one-mode Bose fields. The physical system is a two-level system or a harmonic oscillator. We prove that each dark and quasi-dark state appears under a proper condition, and then, we derive a duality between the dark state and the quasi-dark state. This duality induces the switch between the dark state and the quasi-dark state.

Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States

MedlinePlus

... Boards Representing the 70 medical boards of the United States and its territories. The Federation of State Medical ... the 70 medical and osteopathic boards of the United States and its territories. Since its founding, the FSMB ...

An economical state-dependent telecloning for a multiparticle GHZ state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Fan-Xu; Yu, Xu-Tao; Zhang, Zai-Chen

2018-03-01

The scheme for a 1-3 economical state-dependent telecloning of a multiparticle GHZ state is proposed. It shows that every one of spatially separated three receivers obtains one copy which is dependent on original state. Fidelity can hit to the optimal fidelity 5/6. Meantime, we also propose a 1-3 asymmetric economical telecloning of a particular multiparticle GHZ state by parameterizing coefficients of state in the channel. The three fidelities can reach the best match that is the same as the symmetric case. Furthermore, the above two schemes can be generalized into the case of 1-M(M=2k+1,k>0) telecloning of a multiparticle GHZ state. Satisfying some certain conditions, optimal fidelities with 1/2+(M+1)/4M can be obtained. As without ancilla in the channel, the number of entangled particles is less than one in current schemes and fidelities can be optimal if the original state is an equatorial state.

The State of Preschool 2014: State Preschool Yearbook

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, W. Steven; Carolan, Megan E.; Squires, James H.; Brown, Kirsty Clarke; Horowitz, Michelle

2015-01-01

The 2013-2014 school year offered hope of a recovery for state-funded pre-K after the dismal effects of the recession. State funding for pre-K increased by nearly $120 million in 2013-2014, adjusted for inflation. This is the second year in a row that state pre-K has seen a real funding increase, though programs have yet to fully recover from the…

Western States and National Energy Policy: The New States' Rights.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Timothy A.; And Others

1978-01-01

Energy development in western states has contributed to demands for new states' rights. Western states want a more active part in federal energy policy formulation. Article discusses recent intergovernmental relations, federal-state relations, and the effects of national energy, environmental, and related policies on energy resource development in…

Analysis of state Superfund programs: 50 state study. 1998 update

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

States have remediated over 40,000 contaminated sites not on the federal Superfund list. ELI`s latest analysis of state Superfund programs examines the cleanup programs of all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. The study provides the most current data on state statutes, program organization, staffing, funding, expenditures, cleanup standards, and cleanup activities, voluntary cleanup programs and brownfields programs. State and federal policymakers and attorneys working on non-NPL sites should find this study useful.

Joint Remote State Preparation Schemes for Two Different Quantum States Selectively

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Jin

2018-05-01

The scheme for joint remote state preparation of two different one-qubit states according to requirement is proposed by using one four-dimensional spatial-mode-entangled KLM state as quantum channel. The scheme for joint remote state preparation of two different two-qubit states according to requirement is also proposed by using one four-dimensional spatial-mode-entangled KLM state and one three-dimensional spatial-mode-entangled GHZ state as quantum channels. Quantum non-demolition measurement, Hadamard gate operation, projective measurement and unitary transformation are included in the schemes.

States Moving from Accreditation to Accountability. Accreditation: State School Accreditation Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wixom, Micah Ann

2014-01-01

Accreditation policies vary widely among the states. Since Education Commission of the States last reviewed public school accreditation policies in 1998, a number of states have seen their legislatures take a stronger role in accountability--resulting in a move from state-administered accreditation systems to outcomes-focused state accountability…

Teleportation of Three-Qubit State via Six-qubit Cluster State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Li-zhi; Sun, Shao-xin

2015-05-01

A scheme of probabilistic teleportation was proposed. In this scheme, we took a six-qubit nonmaximally cluster state as the quantum channel to teleport an unknown three-qubit entangled state. Based on Bob's three times Bell state measurement (BSM) results, the receiver Bob can by introducing an auxiliary particle and the appropriate transformation to reconstruct the initial state with a certain probability. We found that, the successful transmission probability depend on the absolute value of coefficients of two of six particle cluster state minimum.

Generalized Choi states and 2-distillability of quantum states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Lin; Tang, Wai-Shing; Yang, Yu

2018-05-01

We investigate the distillability of bipartite quantum states in terms of positive and completely positive maps. We construct the so-called generalized Choi states and show that it is distillable when it has negative partial transpose. We convert the distillability problem of 2-copy n× n Werner states into the determination of the positivity of an Hermitian matrix. We obtain several sufficient conditions by which the positivity holds. Further, we investigate the case n=3 by the classification of 2× 3× 3 pure states.

Metastable state en route to traveling-wave synchronization state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jinha; Kahng, B.

2018-02-01

The Kuramoto model with mixed signs of couplings is known to produce a traveling-wave synchronized state. Here, we consider an abrupt synchronization transition from the incoherent state to the traveling-wave state through a long-lasting metastable state with large fluctuations. Our explanation of the metastability is that the dynamic flow remains within a limited region of phase space and circulates through a few active states bounded by saddle and stable fixed points. This complex flow generates a long-lasting critical behavior, a signature of a hybrid phase transition. We show that the long-lasting period can be controlled by varying the density of inhibitory/excitatory interactions. We discuss a potential application of this transition behavior to the recovery process of human consciousness.

Targeting excited states in all-trans polyenes with electron-pair states.

PubMed

Boguslawski, Katharina

2016-12-21

Wavefunctions restricted to electron pair states are promising models for strongly correlated systems. Specifically, the pair Coupled Cluster Doubles (pCCD) ansatz allows us to accurately describe bond dissociation processes and heavy-element containing compounds with multiple quasi-degenerate single-particle states. Here, we extend the pCCD method to model excited states using the equation of motion (EOM) formalism. As the cluster operator of pCCD is restricted to electron-pair excitations, EOM-pCCD allows us to target excited electron-pair states only. To model singly excited states within EOM-pCCD, we modify the configuration interaction ansatz of EOM-pCCD to contain also single excitations. Our proposed model represents a simple and cost-effective alternative to conventional EOM-CC methods to study singly excited electronic states. The performance of the excited state models is assessed against the lowest-lying excited states of the uranyl cation and the two lowest-lying excited states of all-trans polyenes. Our numerical results suggest that EOM-pCCD including single excitations is a good starting point to target singly excited states.

Toward State Tax Reform: Lessons from State Tax Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGuire, Therese J.; Rio, Jessica E.

This paper reviews recent state tax-commission recommendations in selected states and identifies critical factors for the success of state tax-reform commissions. The paper focuses on factors linked to the process of forming a commission and generating the necessary consensus to enact tough reforms. It describes and compares comprehensive studies…

State Solar Technical Assistance | State, Local, and Tribal Governments |

Science.gov Websites

NREL State Solar Technical Assistance State Solar Technical Assistance Request Assistance Subscribe to Email Updates NREL provides direct technical assistance to state and local governments on expert testimony on policy best practices. The Solar Technical Assistance Team (STAT) Network is designed

Technical Assistance for States | State, Local, and Tribal Governments |

Science.gov Websites

on energy efficiency and renewable energy policies and issues for state and local government decision issues for state and local government decision makers. The expert assistance is intended to support legislators, regulators, state agencies, and their staff members in making informed decisions about solar

26 CFR 31.3121(e)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3121(e)-1... § 31.3121(e)-1 State, United States, and citizen. (a) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the..., the term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, means the several states (including the...

26 CFR 31.3121(e)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3121(e)-1... § 31.3121(e)-1 State, United States, and citizen. (a) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the..., the term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, means the several states (including the...

26 CFR 31.3121(e)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3121(e)-1... § 31.3121(e)-1 State, United States, and citizen. (a) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the..., the term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, means the several states (including the...

Fidelity between Gaussian mixed states with quantum state quadrature variances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hai-Long, Zhang; Chun, Zhou; Jian-Hong, Shi; Wan-Su, Bao

2016-04-01

In this paper, from the original definition of fidelity in a pure state, we first give a well-defined expansion fidelity between two Gaussian mixed states. It is related to the variances of output and input states in quantum information processing. It is convenient to quantify the quantum teleportation (quantum clone) experiment since the variances of the input (output) state are measurable. Furthermore, we also give a conclusion that the fidelity of a pure input state is smaller than the fidelity of a mixed input state in the same quantum information processing. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB338002) and the Foundation of Science and Technology on Information Assurance Laboratory (Grant No. KJ-14-001).

Governors' Top Education Issues: State of the States 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomsen, Jennifer

2014-01-01

Education issues were again at the forefront when the leaders of 42 states and the District of Columbia outlined their priorities in their 2014 State of the State addresses. Governors outlined their plans for increasing the quality and availability of education--from preschool through postsecondary--to spur economic growth and enhance the quality…

Evaluating State Principal Evaluation Plans across the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, Edward J.; Hollingworth, Liz; Liu, Jing

2015-01-01

Recent federal legislation has created strong incentives for states to adopt principal evaluation systems, many of which include new measures of principal effectiveness such as estimates of student growth and changes in school climate. Yet, there has been little research on principal evaluation systems and no state-by-state analysis of the…

Teleportation of entangled states without Bell-state measurement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cardoso, Wesley B.; Baseia, B.; Avelar, A.T.

2005-10-15

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 70, 025803 (2004)] we presented a scheme to teleport an entanglement of zero- and one-photon states from a bimodal cavity to another one, with 100% success probability. Here, inspired by recent results in the literature, we have modified our previous proposal to teleport the same entangled state without using Bell-state measurements. For comparison, the time spent, the fidelity, and the success probability for this teleportation are considered.

23 CFR 1.3 - Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway... MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL § 1.3 Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments... State in all matters relating to, and to enter into, on behalf of the State, all contracts and...

State-dependent resource harvesting with lagged information about system states

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Fred A.; Fackler, Paul L.; Boomer, G Scott; Zimmerman, Guthrie S.; Williams, Byron K.; Nichols, James D.; Dorazio, Robert

2016-01-01

Markov decision processes (MDPs), which involve a temporal sequence of actions conditioned on the state of the managed system, are increasingly being applied in natural resource management. This study focuses on the modification of a traditional MDP to account for those cases in which an action must be chosen after a significant time lag in observing system state, but just prior to a new observation. In order to calculate an optimal decision policy under these conditions, possible actions must be conditioned on the previous observed system state and action taken. We show how to solve these problems when the state transition structure is known and when it is uncertain. Our focus is on the latter case, and we show how actions must be conditioned not only on the previous system state and action, but on the probabilities associated with alternative models of system dynamics. To demonstrate this framework, we calculated and simulated optimal, adaptive policies for MDPs with lagged states for the problem of deciding annual harvest regulations for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the United States. In this particular example, changes in harvest policy induced by the use of lagged information about system state were sufficient to maintain expected management performance (e.g. population size, harvest) even in the face of an uncertain system state at the time of a decision.

Resting state fMRI: A review on methods in resting state connectivity analysis and resting state networks.

PubMed

Smitha, K A; Akhil Raja, K; Arun, K M; Rajesh, P G; Thomas, Bejoy; Kapilamoorthy, T R; Kesavadas, Chandrasekharan

2017-08-01

The inquisitiveness about what happens in the brain has been there since the beginning of humankind. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a prominent tool which helps in the non-invasive examination, localisation as well as lateralisation of brain functions such as language, memory, etc. In recent years, there is an apparent shift in the focus of neuroscience research to studies dealing with a brain at 'resting state'. Here the spotlight is on the intrinsic activity within the brain, in the absence of any sensory or cognitive stimulus. The analyses of functional brain connectivity in the state of rest have revealed different resting state networks, which depict specific functions and varied spatial topology. However, different statistical methods have been introduced to study resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, yet producing consistent results. In this article, we introduce the concept of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in detail, then discuss three most widely used methods for analysis, describe a few of the resting state networks featuring the brain regions, associated cognitive functions and clinical applications of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. This review aims to highlight the utility and importance of studying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, underlining its complementary nature to the task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Higher USA State Resident Neuroticism Is Associated With Lower State Volunteering Rates.

PubMed

McCann, Stewart J H

2017-12-01

Highly neurotic persons have dispositional characteristics that tend to precipitate social anxiety that discourages formal volunteering. With the 50 American states as analytical units, Study 1 found that state resident neuroticism correlated highly ( r = -.55) with state volunteering rates and accounted for another 26.8% of the volunteering rate variance with selected state demographics controlled. Study 2 replicated Study 1 during another period and extended the association to college student, senior, secular, and religious volunteering rates. Study 3 showed state resident percentages engaged in other social behaviors involving more familiarity and fewer demands than formal volunteering related to state volunteering rates but not to neuroticism. In Study 4, state resident neuroticism largely accounted statistically for relations between state volunteering rates and state population density, collectivism, social capital, Republican preference, and well-being. This research is the first to show that state resident neuroticism is a potent predictor of state volunteering rates.

Exploring extensions to multi-state models with multiple unobservable states

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bailey, L.L.; Kendall, W.L.; Church, D.R.; Thomson, David L.; Cooch, Evan G.; Conroy, Michael J.

2009-01-01

Many biological systems include a portion of the target population that is unobservable during certain life history stages. Transition to and from an unobservable state may be of primary interest in many ecological studies and such movements are easily incorporated into multi-state models. Several authors have investigated properties of open-population multi-state mark-recapture models with unobservable states, and determined the scope and constraints under which parameters are identifiable (or, conversely, are redundant), but only in the context of a single observable and a single unobservable state (Schmidt et al. 2002; Kendall and Nichols 2002; Schaub et al. 2004; Kendall 2004). Some of these constraints can be relaxed if data are collected under a version of the robust design (Kendall and Bjorkland 2001; Kendall and Nichols 2002; Kendall 2004; Bailey et al. 2004), which entails >1 capture period per primary period of interest (e.g., 2 sampling periods within a breeding season). The critical assumption shared by all versions of the robust design is that the state of the individual (e.g. observable or unobservable) remains static for the duration of the primary period (Kendall 2004). In this paper, we extend previous work by relaxing this assumption to allow movement among observable states within primary periods while maintaining static observable or unobservable states. Stated otherwise, both demographic and geographic closure assumptions are relaxed, but all individuals are either observable or unobservable within primary periods. Within these primary periods transitions are possible among multiple observable states, but transitions are not allowed among the corresponding unobservable states. Our motivation for this work is exploring potential differences in population parameters for pond-breeding amphibians, where the quality of habitat surrounding the pond is not spatially uniform. The scenario is an example of a more general case where individuals move

An Overview of the 2015 State of the States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiler, Spencer C.; Hartman, William

2015-01-01

In February 2015 a large group of scholars, researchers, and practitioners interested in P-20 finance issues gathered in St. Louis, Missouri, for the National Education Finance Academy's annual conference, on February 25-27, 2015 to discuss, among multiple topics, the state of P-20 finance in all 50 states. There were 35 states represented in the…

Erosion of State Alcohol Excise Taxes in the United States.

PubMed

Naimi, Timothy S; Blanchette, Jason G; Xuan, Ziming; Chaloupka, Francis J

2018-01-01

In the United States, excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 88,000 deaths annually and cost $249 billion, or $2.05 per drink, in 2010. Specific excise taxes, the predominant form of alcohol taxation in the United States, are based on the volume of alcohol sold rather than a percentage of price and can thus degrade over time because of inflation. The objective of this study was to describe changes in inflation-adjusted state alcohol excise taxes on a beverage-specific basis. State-level data on specific excise taxes were obtained from the Alcohol Policy Information System and the Tax Foundation. Excise tax rates were converted into the tax per standard U.S. drink (14 g of ethanol) for beer, wine, and distilled spirits, and converted into 2015 dollars using annual Consumer Price Index data. Across U.S. states, the average state alcohol excise tax per drink in 2015 was $0.03 for beer, $0.05 for distilled spirits, and $0.03 for wine. From 1991 to 2015, the average inflation-adjusted (in 2015 dollars) state alcohol excise tax rate declined 30% for beer, 32% for distilled spirits, and 27% for wine. Percentage declines in state excise taxes since their inception were more than twice as large as those from 1991 to 2015. In 2015, average state specific excise taxes were $0.05 or less per standard drink across all beverage types and have experienced substantial inflation-adjusted declines.

State laws regarding prenatal syphilis screening in the United States.

PubMed

Hollier, Lisa M; Hill, James; Sheffield, Jeanne S; Wendel, George D

2003-10-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and pattern of state laws or regulations regarding prenatal syphilis serologic screening in the United States in 2001. We surveyed the United States for existing laws and regulations regarding serologic screening for syphilis during pregnancy. Testing was compared with 2000 state rates of syphilis in women and newborn infants, with states that had syphilis high morbidity areas, and with national 2000 and 2010 objectives for rates of syphilis. Forty-six of the 50 states (90%) and the District of Columbia have laws regarding antenatal syphilis screening. Thirty-four of the 46 statutes (76%) mandate one prenatal test, usually at the first prenatal visit or early in pregnancy. Twelve laws (26%) include third-trimester testing for all or high-risk women. The presence of high morbidity areas, incidence of early syphilis in women, and rates of congenital syphilis are associated with increasing frequency of legislated antepartum screening. Only 90% of states have statutes that require antepartum syphilis screening, and there is variation in the content of the statutes about the number and timing of tests. States with a heavy burden of infectious syphilis in women tend to require more prenatal testing.

Verification of hypergraph states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morimae, Tomoyuki; Takeuchi, Yuki; Hayashi, Masahito

2017-12-01

Hypergraph states are generalizations of graph states where controlled-Z gates on edges are replaced with generalized controlled-Z gates on hyperedges. Hypergraph states have several advantages over graph states. For example, certain hypergraph states, such as the Union Jack states, are universal resource states for measurement-based quantum computing with only Pauli measurements, while graph state measurement-based quantum computing needs non-Clifford basis measurements. Furthermore, it is impossible to classically efficiently sample measurement results on hypergraph states unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the third level. Although several protocols have been proposed to verify graph states with only sequential single-qubit Pauli measurements, there was no verification method for hypergraph states. In this paper, we propose a method for verifying a certain class of hypergraph states with only sequential single-qubit Pauli measurements. Importantly, no i.i.d. property of samples is assumed in our protocol: any artificial entanglement among samples cannot fool the verifier. As applications of our protocol, we consider verified blind quantum computing with hypergraph states, and quantum computational supremacy demonstrations with hypergraph states.

The Triplet State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zahlan, A. B.

2010-01-01

Preface; List of participants; Part I. Spin-orbit Coupling and Intersystem Crossing: 1. Spin-orbit interactions in organic molecules; 2. Singlet-triplet transitions in organic molecules; 3. Triplet decay and intersystem crossing in aromatic hydrocarbons; 4. Statistical aspects of resonance energy transfer; Discussion; Part II. Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Interactions: 5. Magnetic resonance spectra of organic molecules in triplet states in single crystals; 6. Magnetic interactions related to phosphorescence; 7. ESR investigations of naphthalene-d8:Naphthalene-h8 mixed crystals; 8. Biradicals and polyradicals in the nitroxide series; 9. Changes induced in the phosphorescent radiation of aromatic molecules by paramagnetic resonance in their metastable triplet states; 10. Paramagnetic resonance of the triplet state of tetramethylpyrazine; 11. On magnetic dipole contributions to the intrinsic S0 = T1 transition in simple aromatics; Discussion; Part III. Photochemistry: 12. The kinetics of energy transfer from the triplet state in rigid solutions; 13. Triplet states in gas-phase photochemistry; 14. Biphotonic photochemistry, involving the triplet state: polarisation of the effective T-T transition and solvent effects; 15. Direct and sensitised photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in boric acid glass; Discussion; Part IV. Radiationless Transitions: 16. Radiationless transitions in gaseous benzene; 17. Low-lying excited triplet states and intersystem crossing in aromatic hydrocarbons; 18. De-excitation rates of triplet states in condensed media; 19. Lifetimes of the triplet state of aromatic hydrocarbons in the vapour phase; Discussion; Part V. Triplet Excitons: 20. Some comments on the properties of triplet excitons in molecular crystals; 21. Exact treatment of coherent and incoherent triplet exciton migration; 22. Magnetic susceptibility of a system of triplet excitons: Würster's Blue Perchlorate; 23. A study of triplet excitons in anthracene crystals under

Analysis of Optimal Sequential State Discrimination for Linearly Independent Pure Quantum States.

PubMed

Namkung, Min; Kwon, Younghun

2018-04-25

Recently, J. A. Bergou et al. proposed sequential state discrimination as a new quantum state discrimination scheme. In the scheme, by the successful sequential discrimination of a qubit state, receivers Bob and Charlie can share the information of the qubit prepared by a sender Alice. A merit of the scheme is that a quantum channel is established between Bob and Charlie, but a classical communication is not allowed. In this report, we present a method for extending the original sequential state discrimination of two qubit states to a scheme of N linearly independent pure quantum states. Specifically, we obtain the conditions for the sequential state discrimination of N = 3 pure quantum states. We can analytically provide conditions when there is a special symmetry among N = 3 linearly independent pure quantum states. Additionally, we show that the scenario proposed in this study can be applied to quantum key distribution. Furthermore, we show that the sequential state discrimination of three qutrit states performs better than the strategy of probabilistic quantum cloning.

Controlled Teleportation of a Qudit State by Partially Entangled GHZ States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jin-wei; Shu, Lan; Mo, Zhi-wen; Zhang, Zhi-hua

2014-08-01

In this paper, we propose a controlled teleportation scheme which communicates an arbitrary ququart state via two sets of partially entangled GHZ state. The necessary measurements and operations are given detailedly. Furthmore the scheme is generalized to teleport a qudit state via s sets of partially entangled GHZ state.

State Financial Aid: Applying Redesign Principles through State Engagement. Special Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pingel, Sarah

2016-01-01

College is increasingly expensive for students, but states have an important policy tool to help defray the costs: state financial aid programs. However, many states' programs are misaligned with articulated strategic postsecondary education policy goals. Over the past two years, Education Commission of the States has supported a variety of…

Vital Signs: Trends in State Suicide Rates - United States, 1999-2016 and Circumstances Contributing to Suicide - 27 States, 2015.

PubMed

Stone, Deborah M; Simon, Thomas R; Fowler, Katherine A; Kegler, Scott R; Yuan, Keming; Holland, Kristin M; Ivey-Stephenson, Asha Z; Crosby, Alex E

2018-06-08

Suicide rates in the United States have risen nearly 30% since 1999, and mental health conditions are one of several factors contributing to suicide. Examining state-level trends in suicide and the multiple circumstances contributing to it can inform comprehensive state suicide prevention planning. Trends in age-adjusted suicide rates among persons aged ≥10 years, by state and sex, across six consecutive 3-year periods (1999-2016), were assessed using data from the National Vital Statistics System for 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System, covering 27 states in 2015, were used to examine contributing circumstances among decedents with and without known mental health conditions. During 1999-2016, suicide rates increased significantly in 44 states, with 25 states experiencing increases >30%. Rates increased significantly among males and females in 34 and 43 states, respectively. Fifty-four percent of decedents in 27 states in 2015 did not have a known mental health condition. Among decedents with available information, several circumstances were significantly more likely among those without known mental health conditions than among those with mental health conditions, including relationship problems/loss (45.1% versus 39.6%), life stressors (50.5% versus 47.2%), and recent/impending crises (32.9% versus 26.0%), but these circumstances were common across groups. Suicide rates increased significantly across most states during 1999-2016. Various circumstances contributed to suicides among persons with and without known mental health conditions. States can use a comprehensive evidence-based public health approach to prevent suicide risk before it occurs, identify and support persons at risk, prevent reattempts, and help friends and family members in the aftermath of a suicide.

The State Sets the Rate: The Relationship Among State-Specific College Binge Drinking, State Binge Drinking Rates, and Selected State Alcohol Control Policies

PubMed Central

Nelson, Toben F.; Naimi, Timothy S.; Brewer, Robert D.; Wechsler, Henry

2005-01-01

Objectives. We assessed the relationship between college binge drinking, binge drinking in the general population, and selected alcohol control policies. Methods. We analyzed binge drinking rates from 2 national surveys, the Har-vard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Binge drinking data were linked to a summary measure of 7 salient alcohol control policies and a rating of resources devoted to law enforcement. Results. State-level college and adult binge drinking rates were strongly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.43; P<.01). Attending college in states with the lowest binge drinking rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.41, 0.97) and presence of more stringent alcohol control policies (adjusted OR=0.57; 95% CI=0.33, 0.97) were independent predictors of student binge drinking, after adjusting for state law enforcement and individual-, college-, and state-level covariates. Conclusions. State of residence is a predictor of binge drinking by college students. State-level alcohol control policies may help reduce binge drinking among college students and in the general population. PMID:15727974

State-Sponsored Public Reporting Programs of Hospital Quality in the United States

PubMed Central

Ross, Joseph S.; Sheth, Sameer D.; Krumholz, Harlan M.

2011-01-01

The prevalence of state public reporting initiatives focused on hospital quality is not known. We systematically reviewed state-sponsored publicly reporting programs focused on clinical aspects of hospital quality and performance for adults, surveying the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. We found that while identifying information about programs was frequently a challenge, programs were present in 25 states (49%) and provided hospital quality information that varied considerably from state to state both by condition and by process and outcome measures reported. We examine the implications of these findings for future state initiatives. PMID:21134936

Measuring Up 2002: The State-By-State Report Card for Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, CA.

This report is the second in a series of biennial, state-by-state 50-state report cards. As in the earlier report, state higher education systems are evaluated, compared, and graded in five categories of performance: preparation, participation, affordability, completion, and benefits. All states are given an "incomplete" in the sixth category,…

When Traits Match States: Examining the Associations between Self-Report Trait and State Mindfulness following a State Mindfulness Induction.

PubMed

Bravo, Adrian J; Pearson, Matthew R; Wilson, Adam D; Witkiewitz, Katie

2018-02-01

Previous research has found inconsistent relationships between trait mindfulness and state mindfulness. To extend previous research, we sought to examine the unique associations between self-report trait mindfulness and state mindfulness by levels of meditation experience (meditation-naïve vs. meditation-experienced) and by mindfulness induction (experimentally induced mindful state vs. control group). We recruited 299 college students (93 with previous mindfulness meditation experience) to participate in an experiment that involved the assessment of five facets of trait mindfulness (among other constructs), followed by a mindfulness induction (vs. control), followed by the assessment of state mindfulness of body and mind. Correlational analyses revealed limited associations between trait mindfulness facets and facets of state mindfulness, and demonstrated that a brief mindfulness exercise focused on bodily sensations and the breath elicited higher state mindfulness of body but not state mindfulness of mind. We found significant interactions such that individuals with previous meditation experience and higher scores on the observing facet of trait mindfulness had the highest levels of state mindfulness of body and mind. Among individuals with meditation experience, the strengths of the associations between observing trait mindfulness and the state mindfulness facets increased with frequency of meditation practice. Some other interactions ran counter to expectations. Overall, the relatively weak associations between trait and state mindfulness demonstrates the need to improve our operationalizations of mindfulness, advance our understanding of how to best cultivate mindfulness, and reappraise the ways in which mindfulness can manifest as a state and as a trait.

Wind deployment in the United States: states, resources, policy, and discourse.

PubMed

Wilson, Elizabeth J; Stephens, Jennie C

2009-12-15

A transformation in the way the United States produces and uses energy is needed to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets for climate change mitigation. Wind power is an important low-carbon technology and the most rapidly growing renewable energy technology in the U.S. Despite recent advances in wind deployment, significant state-by-state variation in wind power distribution cannot be explained solely by wind resource patterns nor by state policy. Other factors embedded within the state-level socio-political context also contribute to wind deployment patterns. We explore this socio-political context in four U.S. states by integrating multiple research methods. Through comparative state-level analysis of the energy system, energy policy, and public discourse as represented in the media, we examine variation in the context for wind deployment in Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, and Texas. Our results demonstrate that these states have different patterns of wind deployment, are engaged in different debates about wind power, and appear to frame the risks and benefits of wind power in different ways. This comparative assessment highlights the complex variation of the state-level socio-political context and contributes depth to our understanding of energy technology deployment processes, decision-making, and outcomes.

The state of domestic affairs: Housework, gender and state-level institutional logics.

PubMed

Ruppanner, Leah; Maume, David J

2016-11-01

Multi-level cross-national research consistently shows individual housework arrangements are structured by broader contexts of equality. Across this body of research, the United States is treated as a single entity. Yet, individual-level housework time may vary by state-to-state differences in institutional market, family and legislative logics. To test these relationships, we pair individual-level data from the American Time Use Survey (2003-2012; aged 18 to 64 n = 106,190) with three state-level indices - female labor force empowerment, family traditionalism and state government liberalism. For market institutional logics, we find wives and husbands spend more but mothers less time in housework in states where women have more labor market power. For family logics, we find mothers spend more and husbands less time in housework in more traditional states. For legislative logics, we find women and husbands spend more time in housework in more liberal states. Our results highlight the importance of state-to-state institutional logics on individuals' housework time. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

State Analysis Database Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rasmussen, Robert; Bennett, Matthew

2006-01-01

The State Analysis Database Tool software establishes a productive environment for collaboration among software and system engineers engaged in the development of complex interacting systems. The tool embodies State Analysis, a model-based system engineering methodology founded on a state-based control architecture (see figure). A state represents a momentary condition of an evolving system, and a model may describe how a state evolves and is affected by other states. The State Analysis methodology is a process for capturing system and software requirements in the form of explicit models and states, and defining goal-based operational plans consistent with the models. Requirements, models, and operational concerns have traditionally been documented in a variety of system engineering artifacts that address different aspects of a mission s lifecycle. In State Analysis, requirements, models, and operations information are State Analysis artifacts that are consistent and stored in a State Analysis Database. The tool includes a back-end database, a multi-platform front-end client, and Web-based administrative functions. The tool is structured to prompt an engineer to follow the State Analysis methodology, to encourage state discovery and model description, and to make software requirements and operations plans consistent with model descriptions.

Do state characteristics matter? State level factors related to tobacco cessation quitlines

PubMed Central

Keller, Paula A; Koss, Kalsea J; Baker, Timothy B; Bailey, Linda A; Fiore, Michael C

2007-01-01

Background Quitline services are an effective population‐wide tobacco cessation strategy adopted widely in the United States as part of state comprehensive tobacco control efforts. Despite widespread evidence supporting quitlines' effectiveness, many states lack sufficient financial resources to adequately fund and promote this service. Efforts to augment state tobacco control efforts might be fostered by greater knowledge of state level factors associated with the funding and implementation of those efforts. Methods We analysed data from the 2004 North American Quitline Consortium survey and from publicly available sources to identify state level factors related to quitline implementation and funding. Factors included in the analyses were state demographic characteristics, tobacco use variables, state tobacco control spending, and economic and political climate variables. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Results The best fitting multivariate model that significantly predicted the presence or absence of a state quitline included only cigarette excise tax rate (p = 0.020). In terms of funding levels, states with high rates of cigarette consumption (p = 0.047) and with higher per capita expenditures for tobacco control programmes (p = 0 .0.004) were most likely to spend more on per capita operations budget for quitlines. Conclusion State level factors appear to play a part in whether states had established quitlines by mid‐2004 and the amount of per capita quitline funding. PMID:18048637

State of the States: Fuel Cells in America 2013

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Curtin, Sandra; Gangi, Jennifer

2013-10-31

This October 2013 report, written by Fuel Cells 2000 and partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies Office, continues to build on the April 2010 State of the States report that provided a snapshot of fuel cell and hydrogen activity in the 50 states and District of Columbia. This update report provides more details on the progress and activities that happened since the third report, issued in August 2012.

States' Progress and Challenges in Implementing Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kober, Nancy; Rentmer, Diane Stark

2011-01-01

Most states are participating in the initiative led by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers to develop and adopt voluntary common core state standards that will outline what elementary and secondary school students are expected to learn in English language arts and mathematics. Implementing these…

Another convex combination of product states for the separable Werner state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azuma, Hiroo; Ban, Masashi; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-1-9 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0028

2006-03-15

In this paper, we write down the separable Werner state in a two-qubit system explicitly as a convex combination of product states, which is different from the convex combination obtained by Wootters' method. The Werner state in a two-qubit system has a single real parameter and varies from inseparable to separable according to the value of its parameter. We derive a hidden variable model that is induced by our decomposed form for the separable Werner state. From our explicit form of the convex combination of product states, we understand the following: The critical point of the parameter for separability ofmore » the Werner state comes from positivity of local density operators of the qubits.« less

Electrophysiological difference between mental state decoding and mental state reasoning.

PubMed

Cao, Bihua; Li, Yiyuan; Li, Fuhong; Li, Hong

2012-06-29

Previous studies have explored the neural mechanism of Theory of Mind (ToM), but the neural correlates of its two components, mental state decoding and mental state reasoning, remain unclear. In the present study, participants were presented with various photographs, showing an actor looking at 1 of 2 objects, either with a happy or an unhappy expression. They were asked to either decode the emotion of the actor (mental state decoding task), predict which object would be chosen by the actor (mental state reasoning task), or judge at which object the actor was gazing (physical task), while scalp potentials were recorded. Results showed that (1) the reasoning task elicited an earlier N2 peak than the decoding task did over the prefrontal scalp sites; and (2) during the late positive component (240-440 ms), the reasoning task elicited a more positive deflection than the other two tasks did at the prefrontal scalp sites. In addition, neither the decoding task nor the reasoning task has no left/right hemisphere difference. These findings imply that mental state reasoning differs from mental state decoding early (210 ms) after stimulus onset, and that the prefrontal lobe is the neural basis of mental state reasoning. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reestablishment of an Unknown State and Its Orthogonal Complement State with Assistance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Ai-Xi; Wu, Shu-Dong

2003-12-01

In this paper, we propose a protocol where one can realize reestablishment of an unknown state and its orthogonal complement state with a certain probability. In the first stage of the protocol, teleportation is performed between Alice (a sender) and Bob (a receiver) through a nonmaximally entangled quantum channel. In the process of teleportation, Alice performs nonmaximally entangled state measurement. In the second stage of the protocol, Victor (a state preparer) disentangles leftover nonmaximally entangled states by a single-particle measurement. With the assistance of Victor Alice can reestablish the original state or produce its orthogonal state. The project partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 90103026 and 60078023

Distilling perfect GHZ states from two copies of non-GHZ-diagonal mixed states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xin-Wen; Tang, Shi-Qing; Yuan, Ji-Bing; Zhang, Deng-Yu

2017-06-01

It has been shown that a nearly pure Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state could be distilled from a large (even infinite) number of GHZ-diagonal states that can be obtained by depolarizing general multipartite mixed states (non-GHZ-diagonal states) through sequences of (probabilistic) local operations and classical communications. We here demonstrate that perfect GHZ states can be extracted, with certain probabilities, from two copies of non-GHZ-diagonal mixed states when some conditions are satisfied. This result implies that it is not necessary to depolarize these entangled mixed states to the GHZ-diagonal type, and that they are better than GHZ-diagonal states for distillation of pure GHZ states. We find a wide class of multipartite entangled mixed states that fulfill the requirements. Moreover, we display that the obtained result can be applied to practical noisy environments, e.g., amplitude-damping channels. Our findings provide an important complementarity to conventional GHZ-state distillation protocols (designed for GHZ-diagonal states) in theory, as well as having practical applications.

Asbestos in State-Owned Buildings: A Survey of State Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neilander, Dennis K.; Sacarto, Douglas M.

The information in this report is derived from responses to a questionnaire sent to contacts in the 50 states in winter 1988. The questionnaire, which uses the requirements of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (AHERA) as a base for comparing state programs, sought information regarding state programs dealing with asbestos in…

Women Helping Women: A State-by-State Directory of Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Women's Action Alliance, Inc., New York, NY.

This directory is designed to help women find information on organizations in cities and towns across the United States which exist to provide help for women with problems ranging from unemployment and lack of recognized job skills to physical abuse and unwanted pregnancy. It is arranged alphabetically by state. Within each state, the entries are…

Can State Intervention Spur Academic Turnaround? State Intervention, Spring 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McRobbie, Joan

Many states are adopting results-oriented school accountability systems. Some of the difficult issues that states are working through as they set up and implement strategies for academic intervention are discussed in this report. The report examines the "machinery" that needs to be in place to enable and support a program of state intervention…

Optimal Joint Remote State Preparation of Arbitrary Equatorial Multi-qudit States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Tao; Jiang, Min

2017-03-01

As an important communication technology, quantum information transmission plays an important role in the future network communication. It involves two kinds of transmission ways: quantum teleportation and remote state preparation. In this paper, we put forward a new scheme for optimal joint remote state preparation (JRSP) of an arbitrary equatorial two-qudit state with hybrid dimensions. Moreover, the receiver can reconstruct the target state with 100 % success probability in a deterministic manner via two spatially separated senders. Based on it, we can extend it to joint remote preparation of arbitrary equatorial multi-qudit states with hybrid dimensions using the same strategy.

7 CFR 3550.6 - State law or State supplement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS General § 3550.6 State law or State supplement..., construction, or environmental policies. Supplemental guidance may be issued in the case of any conflict or...

Generic pure quantum states as steady states of quasi-local dissipative dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karuvade, Salini; Johnson, Peter D.; Ticozzi, Francesco; Viola, Lorenza

2018-04-01

We investigate whether a generic pure state on a multipartite quantum system can be the unique asymptotic steady state of locality-constrained purely dissipative Markovian dynamics. In the tripartite setting, we show that the problem is equivalent to characterizing the solution space of a set of linear equations and establish that the set of pure states obeying the above property has either measure zero or measure one, solely depending on the subsystems’ dimension. A complete analytical characterization is given when the central subsystem is a qubit. In the N-partite case, we provide conditions on the subsystems’ size and the nature of the locality constraint, under which random pure states cannot be quasi-locally stabilized generically. Also, allowing for the possibility to approximately stabilize entangled pure states that cannot be exact steady states in settings where stabilizability is generic, our results offer insights into the extent to which random pure states may arise as unique ground states of frustration-free parent Hamiltonians. We further argue that, to a high probability, pure quantum states sampled from a t-design enjoy the same stabilizability properties of Haar-random ones as long as suitable dimension constraints are obeyed and t is sufficiently large. Lastly, we demonstrate a connection between the tasks of quasi-local state stabilization and unique state reconstruction from local tomographic information, and provide a constructive procedure for determining a generic N-partite pure state based only on knowledge of the support of any two of the reduced density matrices of about half the parties, improving over existing results.

Assessment of epidemiology capacity in state health departments - United States, 2013.

PubMed

Hadler, James L; Lampkins, Rebecca; Lemmings, Jennifer; Lichtenstein, Meredith; Huang, Monica; Engel, Jeffrey

2015-04-17

Since 2001, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) periodically has conducted a standardized national assessment of state health departments' core epidemiology capacity (1-4). During August-September 2013, CSTE sent a web-based questionnaire to state epidemiologists in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The questionnaire inquired into workforce capacity and technology advancements to support public health surveillance. Measures of capacity included the total number of epidemiologists, a self-assessment of the state's ability to carry out four of the 10 essential public health services* most relevant to epidemiologists, and program-specific epidemiology capacity. This report summarizes the results, which indicated that in 2013, most of these measures were at their highest level since assessments began in 2001, including the number of epidemiologists, the percentage of state health departments with substantial-to-full (>50%) capacity for three of the 10 essential public health services, and the percentage with substantial-to-full epidemiology capacity for eight of 10 program areas. However, >50% of states reported minimal-to-no (<25%) epidemiology capacity for four of 10 program areas, including occupational health (55%), oral health (59%), substance abuse (73%), and mental health (80%). Federal, state, and local agencies should work together to develop a strategy to address continued outstanding gaps in epidemiology capacity.

23 CFR 1.3 - Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments. 1.3 Section 1.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL § 1.3 Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments...

An Empirical State Error Covariance Matrix for Batch State Estimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frisbee, Joseph H., Jr.

2011-01-01

State estimation techniques serve effectively to provide mean state estimates. However, the state error covariance matrices provided as part of these techniques suffer from some degree of lack of confidence in their ability to adequately describe the uncertainty in the estimated states. A specific problem with the traditional form of state error covariance matrices is that they represent only a mapping of the assumed observation error characteristics into the state space. Any errors that arise from other sources (environment modeling, precision, etc.) are not directly represented in a traditional, theoretical state error covariance matrix. Consider that an actual observation contains only measurement error and that an estimated observation contains all other errors, known and unknown. It then follows that a measurement residual (the difference between expected and observed measurements) contains all errors for that measurement. Therefore, a direct and appropriate inclusion of the actual measurement residuals in the state error covariance matrix will result in an empirical state error covariance matrix. This empirical state error covariance matrix will fully account for the error in the state estimate. By way of a literal reinterpretation of the equations involved in the weighted least squares estimation algorithm, it is possible to arrive at an appropriate, and formally correct, empirical state error covariance matrix. The first specific step of the method is to use the average form of the weighted measurement residual variance performance index rather than its usual total weighted residual form. Next it is helpful to interpret the solution to the normal equations as the average of a collection of sample vectors drawn from a hypothetical parent population. From here, using a standard statistical analysis approach, it directly follows as to how to determine the standard empirical state error covariance matrix. This matrix will contain the total uncertainty in the

Isobar analog states (IAS), double isobar analog states (DIAS), configuration states (CS), and double configuration states (DCS) in halo nuclei. Halo isomers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izosimov, I. N.

2015-10-01

It has been shown that IAS, DIAS, CS, and DCS can simultaneously have n-n, n-p, and p-p halo components in their wave functions. Differences in halo structure of the excited and ground states can result in the formation of isomers (halo-isomers). Both the Borromean and tango halo types can be observed for n-p configurations of atomic nuclei. The structure of the ground and excited states with different isospin quantum number in halo like nuclei is discussed. B(Mλ) and B(Eλ) for γ-transitions in 6,7,8Li, 8,9,10Be, 8,10,11B, 10,11,12,13,14C, 13,14,15,16,17N, 15,16,17,19O, and 17F are analyzed. Special attention is given to nuclei whose ground state does not exhibit halo structure but the excited state may have one.

Accountability. State Implementation of Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Kimberly; Mira, Mary Elizabeth

2014-01-01

All of the 15 states in this study have recently been involved in school accountability system reform. Since 2011, the states have taken advantage of a federal program to give them flexibility around certain accountability requirements of the "No Child Left Behind Act" of 2001 (NCLB), the most recent reauthorization of the Elementary and…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: Progress on Teacher Quality, 2007. Colorado State Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2007

2007-01-01

The "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" examines what is arguably the single most powerful authority over the teaching profession: state government. This Colorado edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the first of what will be an annual look at the status of state policies…

STATE SOIL GEOGRAPHIC (STATSGO) DATA BASE FOR THE COTERNIMOUS UNITED STATES

EPA Science Inventory

USSOILS is an Arc 7.0 coverage containing hydrology-relevant information for 10,498 map units covering the entire conterminous United States. The coverage was compiled from individual State coverages contained in the October 1994 State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) Data Base produce...

State Control of Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaPorte, Diane H.; LaPorte, Ronald E.

The research in this paper was designed to assess the role of the individual state in directing and supervising curriculum matters within the state. Fifty surveys were mailed to the State Education Departments in each of the 50 states. Questions 1-5 of the survey were designed to determine the number of districts in each state, the number of…

Effects of the Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentives Grant (SPF SIG) on state prevention infrastructure in 26 states.

PubMed

Orwin, Robert G; Stein-Seroussi, Alan; Edwards, Jessica M; Landy, Ann L; Flewelling, Robert L

2014-06-01

The Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentive Grant (SPF SIG) program is a national public health initiative sponsored by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Prevention to prevent substance abuse and its consequences. State grantees used a data-driven planning model to allocate resources to 450 communities, which in turn launched over 2,200 intervention strategies to target prevention priorities in their respective populations. An additional goal was to build prevention capacity and infrastructure at the state and community levels. This paper addresses whether the state infrastructure goal was achieved, and what contextual and implementation factors were associated with success. The findings are consistent with claims that, overall, the SPF SIG program met its goal of increasing prevention capacity and infrastructure across multiple infrastructure domains, though the mediating effects of implementation were evident only in the evaluation/monitoring domain. The results also show that an initiative like the SPF SIG, which could easily have been compartmentalized within the states, has the potential to permeate more broadly throughout state prevention systems.

Distinguishing Majorana bound states from localized Andreev bound states by interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hell, Michael; Flensberg, Karsten; Leijnse, Martin

2018-04-01

Experimental evidence for Majorana bound states (MBSs) is so far mainly based on the robustness of a zero-bias conductance peak. However, similar features can also arise due to Andreev bound states (ABSs) localized at the end of an island. We show that these two scenarios can be distinguished by an interferometry experiment based on embedding a Coulomb-blockaded island into an Aharonov-Bohm ring. For two ABSs, when the ground state is nearly degenerate, cotunneling can change the state of the island, and interference is suppressed. By contrast, for two MBSs the ground state is nondegenerate, and cotunneling has to preserve the island state, which leads to h /e -periodic conductance oscillations with magnetic flux. Such interference setups can be realized with semiconducting nanowires or two-dimensional electron gases with proximity-induced superconductivity and may also be a useful spectroscopic tool for parity-flip mechanisms.

Quantifying matrix product state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhatia, Amandeep Singh; Kumar, Ajay

2018-03-01

Motivated by the concept of quantum finite-state machines, we have investigated their relation with matrix product state of quantum spin systems. Matrix product states play a crucial role in the context of quantum information processing and are considered as a valuable asset for quantum information and communication purpose. It is an effective way to represent states of entangled systems. In this paper, we have designed quantum finite-state machines of one-dimensional matrix product state representations for quantum spin systems.

State Profiles of the State-Administered Adult Education Program for Program Year 1988.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Vocational and Adult Education (ED), Washington, DC. Clearinghouse on Adult Education and Literacy.

These state profiles for Program Year 1988 contain information based on 1980 Census data and information taken from the Annual Financial and Statistical Reports submitted to the Department of Education by the states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. State profiles are arranged alphabetically by state. For each state, these demographic…

State of the States: Fuel Cells in America 2015

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Curtin, Sandra; Jennifer, Gangi

This December 2015 report, the sixth in a series, provides a comprehensive analysis of state activities supporting fuel cell and hydrogen technology, profiles of leading states, and a catalog of recent installations, policies, funding, and deployments around the country.

2016 State of the State Addresses: Governors' Top Education Issues. Education Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Auck, Alyssa; Railey, Hunter

2016-01-01

Each year, governors take the stage to highlight accomplishments and outline policy priorities for their states. In an effort to provide up-to-date information on education policy trends, Education Commission of the States tracks all education policy proposals and accomplishments featured by governors in these State of the State addresses. At the…

State Standard-Setting Processes in Brief. State Academic Standards: Standard-Setting Processes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomsen, Jennifer

2014-01-01

Concerns about academic standards, whether created by states from scratch or adopted by states under the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) banner, have drawn widespread media attention and are at the top of many state policymakers' priority lists. Recently, a number of legislatures have required additional steps, such as waiting periods for…

Isobar analog states (IAS), double isobar analog states (DIAS), configuration states (CS), and double configuration states (DCS) in halo nuclei. Halo isomers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Izosimov, I. N., E-mail: izosimov@jinr.ru

2015-10-15

It has been shown that IAS, DIAS, CS, and DCS can simultaneously have n-n, n-p, and p-p halo components in their wave functions. Differences in halo structure of the excited and ground states can result in the formation of isomers (halo-isomers). Both the Borromean and tango halo types can be observed for n-p configurations of atomic nuclei. The structure of the ground and excited states with different isospin quantum number in halo like nuclei is discussed. B(Mλ) and B(Eλ) for γ-transitions in {sup 6,7,8}Li, {sup 8,9,10}Be, {sup 8,10,11}B, {sup 10,11,12,13,14}C, {sup 13,14,15,16,17}N, {sup 15,16,17,19}O, and {sup 17}F are analyzed. Specialmore » attention is given to nuclei whose ground state does not exhibit halo structure but the excited state may have one.« less

Selected State Legislation: A Guide for Effective State Laws to Protect Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Washington, DC.

This report was developed to highlight some of the most effective state laws that concern child victimization. It is intended for use by state legislators, governors, and state officials as well as by all citizens concerned about protecting children. A sampling of varied legislation from several states is included which demonstrates how the issues…

State Colleges Seeking More Out-of-State, International Students amid Fiscal Crunch

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hu, Helen

2011-01-01

Faced with budget cuts, some cash-strapped state universities are stepping up their recruitment of higher paying out-of-state undergraduates, a move that critics say is unfair to the states' residents and could affect in-state minority applicants. The University of California system and the University of Washington in Seattle have openly declared…

The Evolving Roles of the State Boards of Education, State Education Agencies, and Chief State School Officers. Occasional Paper Series No. 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

First, Patricia F.; Quaglia, Russell J.

The roles of state boards of education, state education agencies, and chief state school officers are examined. A review of governance models beginning with colonial days and ending with consideration of recent research on the functioning of state boards of education is provided, and it is concluded that state boards have wide discretionary…

North Carolina Today: A State of Emergency, A State of Grace, A State of Anticipation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sher, Jonathan P.

This report focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of North Carolina, its future and potential, and the roles that the citizens and the state government play in moving the state forward. There are multiple realities within North Carolina. The average income has increased, unemployment rates have dropped, and educational levels have risen. The…

Altering state policy: interest group effectiveness among state-level advocacy groups.

PubMed

Hoefer, Richard

2005-07-01

Because social policy making continues to devolve to the state level, social workers should understand how advocacy and policy making occur at that level. Interest groups active in the human services arena were surveyed and data were used to test a model of interest group effectiveness in four states. The independent variables were amount of resources invested, strategy used, relationships with key actors, use of coalitions, and policy positions taken. Results indicate that the model explains low to middling amounts of the variation in group effectiveness. Results also show that the model fits different states to different degrees, indicating that social workers need to approach advocacy in different ways to achieve maximum effectiveness in altering state policy. Implications for altering state policy are provided.

22 CFR 1508.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true State. 1508.1005 Section 1508.1005 Foreign...) Definitions § 1508.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District... States; or (5) Any agency or instrumentality of a state. (b) For purposes of this part, State does not...

31 CFR 19.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 19.1005 Section 19.1005 Money... (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 19.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The... States; or (5) Any agency or instrumentality of a state. (b) For purposes of this part, State does not...

Welfare state regimes and population health: integrating the East Asian welfare states.

PubMed

Abdul Karim, Syahirah; Eikemo, Terje A; Bambra, Clare

2010-01-01

Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that population health varies significantly by welfare state regime. However, these studies have focused exclusively on the welfare states of Europe, North America and Australasia. This focus ignores the existence of welfare states in other parts of the world, specifically in East Asia. This study therefore investigates whether the association between population health (Infant Mortality Rates and Life Expectancy at birth) and welfare state regimes is still valid when the welfare states of East Asia are added into the analysis. It also examines whether population health is worse in the East Asian welfare states. Infant Mortality Rates and Life Expectancy at birth as well as GDP per capita and social and health expenditures as a percentage of GDP were examined in 30 welfare states, categorised into six different regimes (Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Southern, Eastern European and East Asian). ANOVA analysis showed significant differences by welfare state regime in the magnitude of IMR, LE, SE, HE and GDP per capita. However, when controlling for GDP per capita in the ANCOVA analyses, only Life Expectancy (R(2)=0.58, adjusted R(2)=0.47, p<0.05) and Social Expenditure (R(2)=0.70, adjusted R(2)=0.61, p<0.05) differed significantly by welfare state regime. 47% of the variation in Life Expectancy was explained by welfare state regime type. Further, the East Asian welfare states did not have the worst health outcomes. The study concludes by highlighting the need to expand comparative health analysis both in terms of the range of countries examined and also in terms of incorporating other societal and public health factors-towards a 'public health regime' analysis.

Challenges to Common Core State Standards Implementation: Views from Six States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Joanna; Thier, Michael

2017-01-01

The implementation of the Common Core State Standards has posed a number of challenges for school leaders. This study applies a policy implementation conceptual framework to analyze data gathered from 46 interviews in six states. Findings suggest the existence of multiple barriers to Common Core State Standards implementation. To promote…

Bidirectional teleportation of a pure EPR state by using GHZ states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassanpour, Shima; Houshmand, Monireh

2016-02-01

In the present paper, a novel bidirectional quantum teleportation protocol is proposed. By using entanglement swapping technique, two GHZ states are shared as a quantum channel between Alice and Bob as legitimate users. In this scheme, based on controlled-not operation, single-qubit measurement, and appropriate unitary operations, two users can simultaneously transmit a pure EPR state to each other, While, in the previous protocols, the users can just teleport a single-qubit state to each other via more than four-qubit state. Therefore, the proposed scheme is economical compared with previous protocols.

The State Geologic Map Compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Horton, John D.; San Juan, Carma A.; Stoeser, Douglas B.

2017-06-30

The State Geologic Map Compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States (https://doi. org/10.5066/F7WH2N65) represents a seamless, spatial database of 48 State geologic maps that range from 1:50,000 to 1:1,000,000 scale. A national digital geologic map database is essential in interpreting other datasets that support numerous types of national-scale studies and assessments, such as those that provide geochemistry, remote sensing, or geophysical data. The SGMC is a compilation of the individual U.S. Geological Survey releases of the Preliminary Integrated Geologic Map Databases for the United States. The SGMC geodatabase also contains updated data for seven States and seven entirely new State geologic maps that have been added since the preliminary databases were published. Numerous errors have been corrected and enhancements added to the preliminary datasets using thorough quality assurance/quality control procedures. The SGMC is not a truly integrated geologic map database because geologic units have not been reconciled across State boundaries. However, the geologic data contained in each State geologic map have been standardized to allow spatial analyses of lithology, age, and stratigraphy at a national scale.

Sleep State Switching

PubMed Central

Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E.

2010-01-01

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that allow well-defined state transitions. In this review, we examine the basic circuitry underlying the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, and discuss a theoretical framework wherein the interactions between reciprocal neuronal circuits enable relatively rapid and complete state transitions. We also review how homeostatic, circadian, and allostatic drives help regulate sleep state switching, and discuss how breakdown of the switching mechanism may contribute to sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. PMID:21172606

Does state-level context matter for individuals' knowledge about abortion, legality and health? Challenging the 'red states v. blue states' hypothesis.

PubMed

Bessett, Danielle; Gerdts, Caitlin; Littman, Lisa L; Kavanaugh, Megan L; Norris, Alison

2015-01-01

Recently, the hypothesis that state-level political context influences individuals' cultural values--the 'red states v. blue states' hypothesis--has been invoked to explain the hyper-polarisation of politics in the USA. To test this hypothesis, we examined individuals' knowledge about abortion in relation to the political context of their current state of residence. Drawing from an internet-survey of 586 reproductive-age individuals in the USA, we assessed two types of abortion knowledge: health-related and legality. We found that state-level conservatism does not modify the existing relationships between individual predictors and each of the two types of abortion knowledge. Hence, our findings do not support the 'red states' versus 'blue states' hypothesis. Additionally, we find that knowledge about abortion's health effects in the USA is low: 7% of our sample thought abortion before 12 weeks gestation was illegal.

On Critical States, Rupture States and Interlocking Strength of Granular Materials.

PubMed

Szalwinski, Chris M

2017-07-27

The Mohr-Coulomb theory of strength identifies cohesion and internal friction as the two principal contributions to the shear strength of a granular material. The contribution of cohesion in over-compacted granular materials has been challenged and replacing cohesion with interlocking has been proposed. A theory of rupture strength that includes interlocking is derived herein. The physics-chemistry concept of critical state is elaborated to accommodate granular materials, based on empirical definitions established in the fields of soil mechanics and bulk solids' flow. A surface in state space, called the critical compaction surface, separates over-compacted states from lightly compacted states. The intersection of this surface with the Mohr-Coulomb envelope forms the critical state surface for a granular material. The rupture strength of an over-compacted granular material is expressed as the sum of cohesion, internal friction and interlocking strength. Interlocking strength is the shear strength contribution due to over-compaction and vanishes at critical state. The theory allows migrations from one critical state to another. Changes in specific volume during such migrations are related to changes in mean-normal effective stress and uncoupled from changes in shearing strain. The theory is reviewed with respect to two established research programs and underlying assumptions are identified.

26 CFR 31.3306(j)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3306(j)-1 Section 31.3306(j)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED... SOURCE Federal Unemployment Tax Act (Chapter 23, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3306(j)-1 State...

State Technologies Advancement Collaborative

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

David S. Terry

2012-01-30

The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO), and Association of State Energy Research and Technology Transfer Institutions (ASERTTI) signed an intergovernmental agreement on November 14, 2002, that allowed states and territories and the Federal Government to better collaborate on energy research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D) projects. The agreement established the State Technologies Advancement Collaborative (STAC) which allowed the states and DOE to move RDD&D forward using an innovative competitive project selection and funding process. A cooperative agreement between DOE and NASEO served as the contracting instrument for this innovative federal-state partnership obligatingmore » funds from DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and Office of Fossil Energy to plan, fund, and implement RDD&D projects that were consistent with the common priorities of the states and DOE. DOE's Golden Field Office provided Federal oversight and guidance for the STAC cooperative agreement. The STAC program was built on the foundation of prior Federal-State efforts to collaborate on and engage in joint planning for RDD&D. Although STAC builds on existing, successful programs, it is important to note that it was not intended to replace other successful joint DOE/State initiatives such as the State Energy Program or EERE Special Projects. Overall the STAC process was used to fund, through three competitive solicitations, 35 successful multi-state research, development, deployment, and demonstration projects with an overall average non-federal cost share of 43%. Twenty-two states were awarded at least one prime contract, and organizations in all 50 states and some territories were involved as subcontractors in at least one STAC project. Projects were funded in seven program areas: (1) Building Technologies, (2) Industrial Technologies, (3) Transportation Technologies, (4) Distributed Energy Resources

Unifying neural-network quantum states and correlator product states via tensor networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Stephen R.

2018-04-01

Correlator product states (CPS) are a powerful and very broad class of states for quantum lattice systems whose (unnormalised) amplitudes in a fixed basis can be sampled exactly and efficiently. They work by gluing together states of overlapping clusters of sites on the lattice, called correlators. Recently Carleo and Troyer (2017 Science 355 602) introduced a new type sampleable ansatz called neural-network quantum states (NQS) that are inspired by the restricted Boltzmann model used in machine learning. By employing the formalism of tensor networks we show that NQS are a special form of CPS with novel properties. Diagramatically a number of simple observations become transparent. Namely, that NQS are CPS built from extensively sized GHZ-form correlators making them uniquely unbiased geometrically. The appearance of GHZ correlators also relates NQS to canonical polyadic decompositions of tensors. Another immediate implication of the NQS equivalence to CPS is that we are able to formulate exact NQS representations for a wide range of paradigmatic states, including superpositions of weighed-graph states, the Laughlin state, toric code states, and the resonating valence bond state. These examples reveal the potential of using higher dimensional hidden units and a second hidden layer in NQS. The major outlook of this study is the elevation of NQS to correlator operators allowing them to enhance conventional well-established variational Monte Carlo approaches for strongly correlated fermions.

State and Local Publications | State, Local, and Tribal Governments | NREL

Science.gov Websites

residential and small commercial photovoltaic interconnection process time frames in the United States . Understanding Processes and Timelines for Distributed Photovoltaic Interconnection in the United States analyzes

Status of state forestry best management practices for the southeastern United States

Treesearch

R. Cristan; W.M. Aust; M.C. Bolding; S.M. Barrett; J.F. Munsell

2016-01-01

Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) are important measures for protecting the waters of the U.S., but few studies have compared monitoring strategies and implementation success of forestry BMPs across states. In order to assess the status of state forestry BMPs, a survey was sent to the state forestry agency in each U.S. state regarding their forestry BMP program...

Hierarchical Controlled Remote State Preparation by Using a Four-Qubit Cluster State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Peng-Cheng; Chen, Gui-Bin; Li, Xiao-Wei; Zhan, You-Bang

2018-06-01

We propose a scheme for hierarchical controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state via a four-qubit cluster state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, a sender wishes to help three agents to remotely prepare a quantum state, respectively. The three agents are divided into two grades, that is, an agent is in the upper grade and other two agents are in the lower grade. In this process of remote state preparation, the agent of the upper grade only needs the assistance of any one of the other two agents for recovering the sender's original state, while an agent of the lower grade needs the collaboration of all the other two agents. In other words, the agents of two grades have different authorities to reconstruct sender's original state.

Molecular Ωb states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Wei-Hong; Dias, J. M.; Debastiani, V. R.; Oset, E.

2018-05-01

Motivated by the recent finding of five Ωc states by the LHCb collaboration, and the successful reproduction of three of them in a recent approach searching for molecular states of meson-baryon with the quantum numbers of Ωc, we extend these ideas and make predictions for the interaction of meson-baryon in the beauty sector, searching for poles in the scattering matrix that correspond to physical states. We find several Ωb states: two states with masses 6405 MeV and 6465 MeV for JP =1/2-; two more states with masses 6427 MeV and 6665 MeV for 3/2 -; and three states between 6500 and 6820 MeV, degenerate with JP =1/2 - , 3/2 -, stemming from the interaction of vector-baryon in the beauty sector.

Fault Tolerant State Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burke, Gary R.; Taft, Stephanie

2004-01-01

State machines are commonly used to control sequential logic in FPGAs and ASKS. An errant state machine can cause considerable damage to the device it is controlling. For example in space applications, the FPGA might be controlling Pyros, which when fired at the wrong time will cause a mission failure. Even a well designed state machine can be subject to random errors us a result of SEUs from the radiation environment in space. There are various ways to encode the states of a state machine, and the type of encoding makes a large difference in the susceptibility of the state machine to radiation. In this paper we compare 4 methods of state machine encoding and find which method gives the best fault tolerance, as well as determining the resources needed for each method.

States' Rights, States' Responsibilities, and the Ghost of Calhoun.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winn, Ira J.

1990-01-01

Argues that the Reagan Era's New Federalism hamstrings government by precluding the possibility of a balance of power and responsibilities between state and federal government. Compares this development to the states' rights dilemma freed by John C. Calhoun. Contends that history shows federal inaction produces sectionalism, social cleavage, and…

Most energetic passive states.

PubMed

Perarnau-Llobet, Martí; Hovhannisyan, Karen V; Huber, Marcus; Skrzypczyk, Paul; Tura, Jordi; Acín, Antonio

2015-10-01

Passive states are defined as those states that do not allow for work extraction in a cyclic (unitary) process. Within the set of passive states, thermal states are the most stable ones: they maximize the entropy for a given energy, and similarly they minimize the energy for a given entropy. Here we find the passive states lying in the other extreme, i.e., those that maximize the energy for a given entropy, which we show also minimize the entropy when the energy is fixed. These extremal properties make these states useful to obtain fundamental bounds for the thermodynamics of finite-dimensional quantum systems, which we show in several scenarios.

26 CFR 31.3306(j)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3306(j)-1..., United States, and citizen. (a) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the term “State” includes... Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (b) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the term “United States”, when...

26 CFR 31.3306(j)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3306(j)-1..., United States, and citizen. (a) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the term “State” includes... Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (b) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the term “United States”, when...

26 CFR 31.3306(j)-1 - State, United States, and citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 15 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false State, United States, and citizen. 31.3306(j)-1..., United States, and citizen. (a) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the term “State” includes... Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (b) When used in the regulations in this subpart, the term “United States”, when...

The State of State Standards--and the Common Core--in 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carmichael, Sheila Byrd; Martino, Gabrielle; Porter-Magee, Kathleen; Wilson, W. Stephen

2010-01-01

This review of state English language arts (ELA) and mathematics standards is the latest in a series of Fordham evaluations dating back to 1997. It comes at a critical juncture, as states across the land consider adoption of the Common Core State Standards. These are the authors' major findings: (1) Based on their criteria, the Common Core…

State Appropriations: Drought Warning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ream, James A.

1981-01-01

After two decades of increase, state funding for higher education is drying up because of inflation and declining state revenues due to recession. States need to reemphasize the importance of higher education. Political action may be the way to reverse the downward trend in state financing of higher education. (MLW)

State-to-state models of vibrational relaxation in Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oblapenko, G. P.; Kashkovsky, A. V.; Bondar, Ye A.

2017-02-01

In the present work, the application of state-to-state models of vibrational energy exchanges to the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) is considered. A state-to-state model for VT transitions of vibrational energy in nitrogen and oxygen, based on the application of the inverse Laplace transform to results of quasiclassical trajectory calculations (QCT) of vibrational energy transitions, along with the Forced Harmonic Oscillator (FHO) state-to-state model is implemented in DSMC code and applied to flows around blunt bodies. Comparisons are made with the widely used Larsen-Borgnakke model and the in uence of multi-quantum VT transitions is assessed.

State-to-state modeling of non-equilibrium air nozzle flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagnibeda, E.; Papina, K.; Kunova, O.

2018-05-01

One-dimensional non-equilibrium air flows in nozzles are studied on the basis of the state-to-state description of vibrational-chemical kinetics. Five-component mixture N2/O2/NO/N/O is considered taking into account Zeldovich exchange reactions of NO formation, dissociation, recombination and vibrational energy transitions. The equations for vibrational and chem-ical kinetics in a flow are coupled to the conservation equations of momentum and total energy and solved numerically for different conditions in a nozzle throat. The vibrational distributions of nitrogen and oxygen molecules, number densities of species as well as the gas temperature and flow velocity along a nozzle axis are analysed using the detailed state-to-state flow description and in the frame of the simplified one-temperature thermal equilibrium kinetic model. The comparison of the results showed the influence of non-equilibrium kinetics on macroscopic nozzle flow parameters. In the state-to-state approach, non-Boltzmann vibrational dis-tributions of N2 and O2 molecules with a plateau part at intermediate levels are found. The results are found with the use of the complete and simplified schemes of reactions and the impact of exchange reactions, dissociation and recombination on variation of vibrational level populations, mixture composition, gas velocity and temperature along a nozzle axis is shown.

State funding for higher education and RN replacement rates by state: a case for nursing by the numbers in state legislatures.

PubMed

Bargagliotti, L Antoinette

2009-01-01

Amid an enduring nursing shortage and state budget shortfalls, discerning how the percentage of state funding to higher education and other registered nurse (RN) workforce variables may be related to the RN replacement rates (RNRR) in states has important policy implications. Regionally, the age of RNs was inversely related to RNRR. State funding in 2000 significantly predicted the 2004 RNRR, with the percentage of LPNs in 2004 adding to the model. The stability of the model using 2000 and 2004 funding data suggests that state funding creates a climate for RNRR.

Unexpected Decrease in Moment of Inertia Between N = 98-100 in 162,164Gd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, E. F.; Hamilton, J. H.; Gore, P. M.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hwang, J. K.; Delima, A. P.; Zhu, S. J.; Beyer, C. J.; Luo, Y. X.; Kormicki, J.; Zhang, X. Q.; Ma, W. C.; Rasmussen, J. O.; Lee, I. Y.; Wu, S. C.; Folden, C. M.; Fallon, P.; Zielinski, P.; Gregorich, K. E.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Ginter, T. N.; Stoyer, M.; Cole, J. D.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Ahmad, I.; Daniel, A. V.; Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Donangelo, R.; Asztalos, S. J.

2003-10-01

From γ-γ-γ coincidence studies of the prompt γ-rays emitted in the spontaneous fission (SF) of 252Cf with Gammasphere, the yrast energy levels in neutron-rich 162,164Gd were identified for the first time from 2+ to 16+ and from 2+ to 14+, respectively. The 2+ level energies are 71.6 and 73.3 keV in 162,164Gd, respectively. The transition energies from every level in 164Gd are higher than those from the same levels in 162Gd. There is a systematic decrease at every level of the moment of inertia (MOI) and similarly β2 deformation in N = 100 164Gd compared to N = 98 162Gd. The minimum in E(2+) and maxima in MOI and β2 occur at N = 98. This behavior is unexpected compared to the E(2+) and β2 trends in Er, Yb, and Hf nuclei where the minima and maxima occur at neutron midshell, N = 104.

Non-adiabatic quantum state preparation and quantum state transport in chains of Rydberg atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ostmann, Maike; Minář, Jiří; Marcuzzi, Matteo; Levi, Emanuele; Lesanovsky, Igor

2017-12-01

Motivated by recent progress in the experimental manipulation of cold atoms in optical lattices, we study three different protocols for non-adiabatic quantum state preparation and state transport in chains of Rydberg atoms. The protocols we discuss are based on the blockade mechanism between atoms which, when excited to a Rydberg state, interact through a van der Waals potential, and rely on single-site addressing. Specifically, we discuss protocols for efficient creation of an antiferromagnetic GHZ state, a class of matrix product states including a so-called Rydberg crystal and for the state transport of a single-qubit quantum state between two ends of a chain of atoms. We identify system parameters allowing for the operation of the protocols on timescales shorter than the lifetime of the Rydberg states while yielding high fidelity output states. We discuss the effect of positional disorder on the resulting states and comment on limitations due to other sources of noise such as radiative decay of the Rydberg states. The proposed protocols provide a testbed for benchmarking the performance of quantum information processing platforms based on Rydberg atoms.

Sleep state switching.

PubMed

Saper, Clifford B; Fuller, Patrick M; Pedersen, Nigel P; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E

2010-12-22

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that allow well-defined state transitions. In this review, we examine the basic circuitry underlying the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and discuss a theoretical framework wherein the interactions between reciprocal neuronal circuits enable relatively rapid and complete state transitions. We also review how homeostatic, circadian, and allostatic drives help regulate sleep state switching and discuss how breakdown of the switching mechanism may contribute to sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cutting Red Tape: Overcoming State Bureaucracies to Develop High-Performing State Education Agencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanna, Robert; Morrow, Jeffrey S.; Rozen, Marci

2014-01-01

States serve a special role in the nation's public education system. Through elected legislatures, states have endowed their various state departments of education with powers over public education, which include granting authority to local entities--typically school districts--to run schools. In their oversight capacity, states--traditionally…

State Higher Education Budgeting Mechanisms in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mizuta, Kensuke; Yoshida, Kana; Yanagiura, Takeshi

2010-01-01

(Purpose) The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between certain characteristics of US states and their budgeting systems for higher education (HE), and to derive implications for Japanese HE budgeting policy from the results. (Methodology) The US's State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) conducted a 30-item…

Professional Development. State Implementation of Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Kimberly; Mira, Mary Elizabeth

2014-01-01

The following profiles address how the state departments of education are helping educators prepare for and implement the Common Core and aligned assessments through professional learning. The major professional development efforts around the Common Core were examined in order to understand the overall efforts of each state. An exhaustive list of…

Doorway states and billiards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franco-Villafañe, J. A.; Flores, J.; Mateos, J. L.; Méndez-Sánchez, R. A.; Novaro, O.; Seligman, T. H.

2010-12-01

Whenever a distinct state is immersed in a sea of complicated and dense states, the strength of the distinct state, which we refer to as a doorway, is distributed in their neighboring states. We analyze this mechanism for 2-D billiards with different geometries. One of them is symmetric and integrable, another is symmetric but chaotic, and the third has a capricious form. The fact that the doorway-state mechanism is valid for such highly diverse cases, proves that it is robust.

Doorway states and billiards

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Franco-Villafane, J. A.; Mendez-Sanchez, R. A.; Flores, J.

2010-12-23

Whenever a distinct state is immersed in a sea of complicated and dense states, the strength of the distinct state, which we refer to as a doorway, is distributed in their neighboring states. We analyze this mechanism for 2-D billiards with different geometries. One of them is symmetric and integrable, another is symmetric but chaotic, and the third has a capricious form. The fact that the doorway-state mechanism is valid for such highly diverse cases, proves that it is robust.

2017 State of Wind Development in the United States by Region

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oteri, Frank A; Baranowski, Ruth E; Baring-Gould, Edward I

This document summarizes the status and drivers for U.S. wind energy development during 2017. Regional Resource Center (RRC) leaders provided a report of wind energy development in their regions, which was combined with findings from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) researchers to provide an account of the state of the regions, as well as updates on developments in individual states. NREL researchers and state partners added updates for all states that are not directly supported by an RRC. Accounts for each region include updates on renewable portfolio standards, workforce development, manufacturing and economic development, and individual state updates for installedmore » wind capacity, ongoing policy developments, planned projects and their status, transmission progress reports, etc. This report also highlights the efforts of the RRCs to engage stakeholders in their individual regions.« less

State summaries: Indiana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shaffer, K.R.

2006-01-01

In 2005, the Indiana industrial minerals industry generated $789 million, a record high for the state and an increase of 2.2% from 2004. Among all states, Indiana ranked 24th. Mineral commodities produced in the state included crushed limestone and dolomite, construction sand and gravel, industrial sand, dimension limestone, dimension sandstone, gypsum, common clay and shale, freshwater pearls, peat, lime, and masonry and portland cement.

Modeling per capita state health expenditure variation: state-level characteristics matter.

PubMed

Cuckler, Gigi; Sisko, Andrea

2013-01-01

In this paper, we describe the methods underlying the econometric model developed by the Office of the Actuary in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, to explain differences in per capita total personal health care spending by state, as described in Cuckler, et al. (2011). Additionally, we discuss many alternative model specifications to provide additional insights for valid interpretation of the model. We study per capita personal health care spending as measured by the State Health Expenditures, by State of Residence for 1991-2009, produced by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Office of the Actuary. State-level demographic, health status, economic, and health economy characteristics were gathered from a variety of U.S. government sources, such as the Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Centers for Disease Control, the American Hospital Association, and HealthLeaders-InterStudy. State-specific factors, such as income, health care capacity, and the share of elderly residents, are important factors in explaining the level of per capita personal health care spending variation among states over time. However, the slow-moving nature of health spending per capita and close relationships among state-level factors create inefficiencies in modeling this variation, likely resulting in incorrectly estimated standard errors. In addition, we find that both pooled and fixed effects models primarily capture cross-sectional variation rather than period-specific variation.

Antiproton--neutron bound state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ju, I.; Tomozawa, Y.

1972-08-01

The possibility of an antiproton-neutron bound state for explaining a narrow peak which was found recently in the experiment p + n yields 4 pi and 6 pi is discussed. It is pointed out that the state is likely to be a /sup 1/P/ sub 1/ state or a higher angular momentum state. (auth)

Resident, State of Alaska

Science.gov Websites

Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees State of Alaska Search Home Quick Links Departments Commissioners Employee Whitepages State Government Jobs Federal Jobs Starting a Small Business Living Get a Driver License Get a Hunting

Visitor, State of Alaska

Science.gov Websites

Skip to content State of Alaska myAlaska My Government Resident Business in Alaska Visiting Alaska State Employees State of Alaska Search Home Quick Links Departments Commissioners Employee Whitepages State Government Jobs Federal Jobs Starting a Small Business Living Get a Driver License Get a Hunting

78 FR 73441 - Grants to States for Construction or Acquisition of State Homes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-06

... of State home facilities that furnish domiciliary, nursing home, or adult day health care to veterans... States of State home facilities that furnish domiciliary, nursing home, or adult day health care to... Providers Grant and Per Diem Program; and 64.026, Veterans State Adult Day Health Care. Signing Authority...

Summary Report. State Implementation of Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Kimberly; Mira, Mary Elizabeth

2014-01-01

Implementation of college- and career-readiness standards is some of the most important work currently underway in states to improve public education and student achievement. This report provides a summary of findings from SREB's research into the efforts of 15 states--12 in the Southern Educational Research Board (SREB) region--to support…

22 CFR 133.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State. 133.665 Section 133.665 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE MISCELLANEOUS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 133.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of...

Governors' Top Education Issues: 2015 State of the State Addresses. ECS Education Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aragon, Stephanie; Rowland, Julie

2015-01-01

Education Commission of the States (ECS) strives to keep its constituency apprised of education policy trends across the states. To provide a comprehensive overview of educational priorities outlined by governors, ECS summarized the education proposals and accomplishments detailed in every 2015 State of the State address delivered to date. Each…

State-by-state Variation in Prostate-specific Antigen Screening Trends Following the 2011 United States Preventive Services Task Force Panel Update.

PubMed

Vetterlein, Malte W; Dalela, Deepansh; Sammon, Jesse D; Karabon, Patrick; Sood, Akshay; Jindal, Tarun; Meyer, Christian P; Löppenberg, Björn; Sun, Maxine; Trinh, Quoc-Dien; Menon, Mani; Abdollah, Firas

2018-02-01

To evaluate state-by-state trends in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening prevalence after the 2011 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against this practice. We included 222,475 men who responded to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012 and 2014 surveys, corresponding to early and late post-USPSTF populations. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of PSA screening and to calculate the adjusted and weighted state-by-state PSA screening prevalence and respective relative percent changes between 2012 and 2014. To account for unmeasured factors, the correlation between changes in PSA screening over time and changes in screening for colorectal and breast cancer were assessed. All analyses were conducted in 2016. Overall, 38.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 38.6%-39.2%) reported receiving PSA screening in 2012 vs 35.8% (95% CI = 35.1%-36.2%) in 2014. State of residence, age, race, education, income, insurance, access to care, marital status, and smoking status were independent predictors of PSA screening in both years (all P <.001). In adjusted analyses, the nationwide PSA screening prevalence decreased by a relative 8.5% (95% CI = 6.4%-10.5%; P <.001) between 2012 and 2014. There was a vast state-by-state heterogeneity, ranging from a relative 26.6% decrease in Vermont to 10.2% increase in Hawaii. Overall, 81.5% and 84.0% of the observed changes were not accompanied by matching changes in respective colorectal and breast cancer screening utilization, for which there were no updates in USPSTF recommendations. There is a significant state-by-state variation in PSA screening trends following the 2011 USPSTF recommendation. Further research is needed to elucidate the reasons for this heterogeneity in screening behavior among the states. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 843.25 - Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with... ENFORCEMENT § 843.25 Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs. (a) State-by-State... whether: (1) Direct Federal enforcement of the Energy Policy Act and implementing Federal regulations will...

30 CFR 843.25 - Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with... ENFORCEMENT § 843.25 Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs. (a) State-by-State... whether: (1) Direct Federal enforcement of the Energy Policy Act and implementing Federal regulations will...

30 CFR 843.25 - Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with... ENFORCEMENT § 843.25 Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs. (a) State-by-State... whether: (1) Direct Federal enforcement of the Energy Policy Act and implementing Federal regulations will...

30 CFR 843.25 - Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with... ENFORCEMENT § 843.25 Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs. (a) State-by-State... whether: (1) Direct Federal enforcement of the Energy Policy Act and implementing Federal regulations will...

30 CFR 843.25 - Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with... ENFORCEMENT § 843.25 Energy Policy Act enforcement in States with approved State programs. (a) State-by-State... whether: (1) Direct Federal enforcement of the Energy Policy Act and implementing Federal regulations will...

29 CFR 94.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true State. 94.665 Section 94.665 Labor Office of the Secretary....665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. ...

The Entrepreneurial State and Research Universities in the United States: Policy and New State-Based Initiatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douglass, John Aubrey

2007-01-01

The convergence of United States federal science and economic policy that began in earnest under the Reagan administration formed the First Stage in an emerging post-Cold War drive toward technological innovation. A frenzy of new state-based initiatives now forms the Second Stage, further promoting universities as decisive tools for economic…

U.S. Aerospace and Aviation Industry: A State-By-State Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

President George W. Bush and the Congress created the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry to evaluate the current and future health of the industry as well as the challenges that lie ahead for the U.S. workforce and the economy. To accomplish our mission, we commissioned a study on the economic impact of the aerospace industry nationally and on a state-by-state basis, using the best available U.S. government data. This study sought to define the core of the aerospace industry. The resulting data represents that very core those jobs specifically tied to commercial and civilian aerospace. U.S. Aerospace and Aviation: A State-by-State Analysis examines the civilian and commercial aerospace and aviation industry by employment, wages, payroll, and establishments. The report found that the U.S. civilian and commercial aerospace and aviation industry employed over 2 million workers in 2001.

A scheme of quantum state discrimination over specified states via weak-value measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xi; Dai, Hong-Yi; Liu, Bo-Yang; Zhang, Ming

2018-04-01

The commonly adopted projective measurements are invalid in the specified task of quantum state discrimination when the discriminated states are superposition of planar-position basis states whose complex-number probability amplitudes have the same magnitude but different phases. Therefore we propose a corresponding scheme via weak-value measurement and examine the feasibility of this scheme. Furthermore, the role of the weak-value measurement in quantum state discrimination is analyzed and compared with one in quantum state tomography in this Letter.

22 CFR 210.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State. 210.665 Section 210.665 Foreign... (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 210.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. ...

49 CFR 32.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false State. 32.665 Section 32.665 Transportation Office... ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 32.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. ...

45 CFR 1173.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false State. 1173.665 Section 1173.665 Public Welfare...) Definitions § 1173.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. ...

The Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire reveals multiple phenotypes of resting-state cognition

PubMed Central

Diaz, B. Alexander; Van Der Sluis, Sophie; Moens, Sarah; Benjamins, Jeroen S.; Migliorati, Filippo; Stoffers, Diederick; Den Braber, Anouk; Poil, Simon-Shlomo; Hardstone, Richard; Van't Ent, Dennis; Boomsma, Dorret I.; De Geus, Eco; Mansvelder, Huibert D.; Van Someren, Eus J. W.; Linkenkaer-Hansen, Klaus

2013-01-01

Resting-state neuroimaging is a dominant paradigm for studying brain function in health and disease. It is attractive for clinical research because of its simplicity for patients, straightforward standardization, and sensitivity to brain disorders. Importantly, non-sensory experiences like mind wandering may arise from ongoing brain activity. However, little is known about the link between ongoing brain activity and cognition, as phenotypes of resting-state cognition—and tools to quantify them—have been lacking. To facilitate rapid and structured measurements of resting-state cognition we developed a 50-item self-report survey, the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ). Based on ARSQ data from 813 participants assessed after 5 min eyes-closed rest in their home, we identified seven dimensions of resting-state cognition using factor analysis: Discontinuity of Mind, Theory of Mind, Self, Planning, Sleepiness, Comfort, and Somatic Awareness. Further, we showed that the structure of cognition was similar during resting-state fMRI and EEG, and that the test-retest correlations were remarkably high for all dimensions. To explore whether inter-individual variation of resting-state cognition is related to health status, we correlated ARSQ-derived factor scores with psychometric scales measuring depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Mental health correlated positively with Comfort and negatively with Discontinuity of Mind. Finally, we show that sleepiness may partially explain a resting-state EEG profile previously associated with Alzheimer's disease. These findings indicate that the ARSQ readily provides information about cognitive phenotypes and that it is a promising tool for research on the neural correlates of resting-state cognition in health and disease. PMID:23964225

Distributed state-space generation of discrete-state stochastic models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ciardo, Gianfranco; Gluckman, Joshua; Nicol, David

1995-01-01

High-level formalisms such as stochastic Petri nets can be used to model complex systems. Analysis of logical and numerical properties of these models of ten requires the generation and storage of the entire underlying state space. This imposes practical limitations on the types of systems which can be modeled. Because of the vast amount of memory consumed, we investigate distributed algorithms for the generation of state space graphs. The distributed construction allows us to take advantage of the combined memory readily available on a network of workstations. The key technical problem is to find effective methods for on-the-fly partitioning, so that the state space is evenly distributed among processors. In this paper we report on the implementation of a distributed state-space generator that may be linked to a number of existing system modeling tools. We discuss partitioning strategies in the context of Petri net models, and report on performance observed on a network of workstations, as well as on a distributed memory multi-computer.

The mathematics behind chimera states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omel’chenko, O. E.

2018-05-01

Chimera states are self-organized spatiotemporal patterns of coexisting coherence and incoherence. We give an overview of the main mathematical methods used in studies of chimera states, focusing on chimera states in spatially extended coupled oscillator systems. We discuss the continuum limit approach to these states, Ott-Antonsen manifold reduction, finite size chimera states, control of chimera states and the influence of system design on the type of chimera state that is observed.

An Analysis of State Laws on Career Education and Pending State Legislation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jesser, David L.

State legislation relating to career education presently exists in 14 States (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington), with legislation pending or in some stage of discussion in seven States (Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Rhode…

The Schooling of State Pesticide Laws: Review of State Pesticide Laws Regarding Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owens, Kagan; Feldman, Jay

1999-01-01

There are a variety of state statutes that have been enacted to protect children in schools, but only about half of all state legislatures have examined pesticide use in schools, only 16 states directly address indoor use of pesticides, and the federal government is silent. While the federal government gives states and local governments the…

43 CFR 43.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false State. 43.665 Section 43.665 Public Lands... (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 43.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. ...

Stats of the States

MedlinePlus

... rates for fatal drug poisonings. Death Rates from Firearm Injuries: United States, 2013 - The latest state-based age-adjusted death rates for firearm-related fatalities. Death Rates from Homicide: United States, ...

Modeling Per Capita State Health Expenditure Variation: State-Level Characteristics Matter

PubMed Central

Cuckler, Gigi; Sisko, Andrea

2013-01-01

Objective In this paper, we describe the methods underlying the econometric model developed by the Office of the Actuary in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, to explain differences in per capita total personal health care spending by state, as described in Cuckler, et al. (2011). Additionally, we discuss many alternative model specifications to provide additional insights for valid interpretation of the model. Data Source We study per capita personal health care spending as measured by the State Health Expenditures, by State of Residence for 1991–2009, produced by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Office of the Actuary. State-level demographic, health status, economic, and health economy characteristics were gathered from a variety of U.S. government sources, such as the Census Bureau, Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Centers for Disease Control, the American Hospital Association, and HealthLeaders-InterStudy. Principal Findings State-specific factors, such as income, health care capacity, and the share of elderly residents, are important factors in explaining the level of per capita personal health care spending variation among states over time. However, the slow-moving nature of health spending per capita and close relationships among state-level factors create inefficiencies in modeling this variation, likely resulting in incorrectly estimated standard errors. In addition, we find that both pooled and fixed effects models primarily capture cross-sectional variation rather than period-specific variation. PMID:24834363

22 CFR 1006.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true State. 1006.1005 Section 1006.1005 Foreign... § 1006.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (4) Any territory or possession of the United States; or (5...

22 CFR 208.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State. 208.1005 Section 208.1005 Foreign...) Definitions § 208.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (4) Any territory or possession of the United States; or (5...

29 CFR 779.16 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 779.16 Section 779.16 Labor Regulations Relating to... OR SERVICES General Some Basic Definitions § 779.16 State. As used in the Act, State means “any State of the United States or the District of Columbia or any Territory or possession of the United States...

2 CFR 180.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 180.1005 Section 180.1005 Grants and... State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (4) Any territory or possession of the United States; or (5) Any...

34 CFR 85.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 85.1005 Section 85.1005 Education Office of the....1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (4) Any territory or possession of the United States; or (5) Any...

1975 State Education Legislation. A Survey of the States. Research Brief, Vol. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayas, Denise Kale; Ross, Doris M.

This publication is a state-by-state compilation of state educational legislation enacted in 1976. Brief summaries of each new law are listed by individual states. In addition, all entries are cross-referenced and indexed by subject. Most of the legislation listed deals with elementary secondary education or is too broad to be identified by level;…

Quantum Teleportation of a Three-qubit State using a Five-qubit Cluster State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhong-min; Zhou, Lin

2014-12-01

Recently Muralidharan and Panigrahi (Phys. Rev. A 78, 062333 2008) had shown that using a five-qubit cluster state as quantum channel, it is possible to teleport an arbitrary single-qubit state and an arbitrary two-qubit state. In this paper, we investigate this channel for the teleportation of a special form of three-qubit state.

State Emergency Response Commissions

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Governor of each state has designated a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) that is responsible for implementing the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) provisions within its state.

10 CFR 420.13 - Annual State applications and amendments to State plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., renewable energy, and alternative transportation fuel goals to be achieved, including wherever practicable... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Annual State applications and amendments to State plans. 420.13 Section 420.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Formula...

10 CFR 420.13 - Annual State applications and amendments to State plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., renewable energy, and alternative transportation fuel goals to be achieved, including wherever practicable... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Annual State applications and amendments to State plans. 420.13 Section 420.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Formula...

10 CFR 420.13 - Annual State applications and amendments to State plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., renewable energy, and alternative transportation fuel goals to be achieved, including wherever practicable... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Annual State applications and amendments to State plans. 420.13 Section 420.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Formula...

10 CFR 420.13 - Annual State applications and amendments to State plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., renewable energy, and alternative transportation fuel goals to be achieved, including wherever practicable... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Annual State applications and amendments to State plans. 420.13 Section 420.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Formula...

10 CFR 420.13 - Annual State applications and amendments to State plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., renewable energy, and alternative transportation fuel goals to be achieved, including wherever practicable... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Annual State applications and amendments to State plans. 420.13 Section 420.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION STATE ENERGY PROGRAM Formula...

Optimally Squeezed Spin States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rojo, Alberto

2004-03-01

We consider optimally spin-squeezed states that maximize the sensitivity of the Ramsey spectroscopy, and for which the signal to noise ratio scales as the number of particles N. Using the variational principle we prove that these states are eigensolutions of the Hamiltonian H(λ)=λ S_z^2-S_x, and that, for large N, the states become equivalent to the quadrature squeezed states of the harmonic oscillator. We present numerical results that illustrate the validity of the equivalence. We also present results of spin squeezing via atom-field interactions within the context of the Tavis-Cummings model. An ensemble of N two-level atoms interacts with a quantized cavity field. For all the atoms initially in their ground states, it is shown that spin squeezing of both the atoms and the field can be achieved provided the initial state of the cavity field has coherence between number states differing by 2. Most of the discussion is restricted to the case of a cavity field initially in a coherent state, but initial squeezed states for the field are also discussed. An analytic solution is found that is valid in the limit that the number of atoms is much greater than unity. References: A. G. Rojo, Phys. Rev A, 68, 013807 (2003); Claudiu Genes, P. R. Berman, and A. G. Rojo Phys. Rev. A 68, 043809 (2003).

Role of intermediate state in the excited state dynamics of highly efficient TADF molecules

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosokai, Takuya; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Furube, Akihiro; Tokumaru, Katsumi; Tsutsui, Tetsuo; Nakanotani, Hajime; Yahiro, Masayuki; Adachi, Chihaya

2016-09-01

We hereby report the results of our direct investigation into the excited-state dynamics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules in solution using pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). We found that the charge-transfer (CT) state commonly stated for TADF molecules encompasses two forms: localized and delocalized CT states. A highly efficient TADF molecule, 4CzIPN [Uoyama et al., Nature, 492, 234-238 (2012)], showed both the localized and delocalized CT states, while an inefficient TADF molecule, 2CzPN, exhibited only a localized CT state. By analyzing the time profile of triplet species observed in TAS, we propose that the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) of 4CzIPN occurs via a mutual interaction in multiple energy levels of localized neutral and CT states, and delocalized CT states.

Community-level policy responses to state marijuana legalization in Washington State.

PubMed

Dilley, Julia A; Hitchcock, Laura; McGroder, Nancy; Greto, Lindsey A; Richardson, Susan M

2017-04-01

Washington State (WA) legalized a recreational marijuana market - including growing, processing and retail sales - through voter initiative 502 in November 2012. Legalized recreational marijuana retail sales began in July 2014. In response to state legalization of recreational marijuana, some cities and counties within the state have passed local ordinances that either further regulated marijuana markets, or banned them completely. The purpose of this study is to describe local-level marijuana regulations on recreational retail sales within the context of a state that had legalized a recreational marijuana market. Marijuana-related ordinances were collected from all 142 cities in the state with more than 3000 residents and from all 39 counties. Policies that were in place as of June 30, 2016 - two years after the state's recreational market opening - to regulate recreational marijuana retail sales within communities were systematically coded. A total of 125 cities and 30 counties had passed local ordinances to address recreational marijuana retail sales. Multiple communities implemented retail market bans, including some temporary bans (moratoria) while studying whether to pursue other policy options. As of June 30, 2016, 30% of the state population lived in places that had temporarily or permanently banned retail sales. Communities most frequently enacted zoning policies explicitly regulating where marijuana businesses could be established. Other policies included in ordinances placed limits on business hours and distance requirements (buffers) between marijuana businesses and youth-related land use types or other sensitive areas. State legalization does not necessarily result in uniform community environments that regulate recreational marijuana markets. Local ordinances vary among communities within Washington following statewide legalization. Further study is needed to describe how such local policies affect variation in public health and social outcomes

29 CFR 1626.9 - Referral to and from State agencies; referral States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Referral to and from State agencies; referral States. 1626.9 Section 1626.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.9 Referral to and from State agencies...

29 CFR 1626.9 - Referral to and from State agencies; referral States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Referral to and from State agencies; referral States. 1626.9 Section 1626.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.9 Referral to and from State agencies...

29 CFR 1626.9 - Referral to and from State agencies; referral States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Referral to and from State agencies; referral States. 1626.9 Section 1626.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.9 Referral to and from State agencies...

29 CFR 1626.9 - Referral to and from State agencies; referral States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Referral to and from State agencies; referral States. 1626.9 Section 1626.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.9 Referral to and from State agencies...

29 CFR 1626.9 - Referral to and from State agencies; referral States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Referral to and from State agencies; referral States. 1626.9 Section 1626.9 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES-AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT § 1626.9 Referral to and from State agencies...

Driven similarity renormalization group for excited states: A state-averaged perturbation theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Chenyang; Evangelista, Francesco A.

2018-03-01

The multireference driven similarity renormalization group (MRDSRG) approach [C. Li and F. A. Evangelista, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 11, 2097 (2015)] is generalized to treat quasi-degenerate electronic excited states. The new scheme, termed state-averaged (SA) MRDSRG, is a state-universal approach that considers an ensemble of quasi-degenerate states on an equal footing. Using the SA-MRDSRG framework, we implement second- (SA-DSRG-PT2) and third-order (SA-DSRG-PT3) perturbation theories. These perturbation theories can treat a manifold of near-degenerate states at the cost of a single state-specific computation. At the same time, they have several desirable properties: (1) they are intruder-free and size-extensive, (2) their energy expressions can be evaluated non-iteratively and require at most the three-body density cumulant of the reference states, and (3) the reference states are allowed to relax in the presence of dynamical correlation effects. Numerical benchmarks on the potential energy surfaces of lithium fluoride, ammonia, and the penta-2,4-dieniminium cation reveal that the SA-DSRG-PT2 method yields results with accuracy similar to that of other second-order quasi-degenerate perturbation theories. The SA-DSRG-PT3 results are instead consistent with those from multireference configuration interaction with singles and doubles (MRCISD). Finally, we compute the vertical excitation energies of (E,E)-1,3,5,7-octatetraene. The ordering of the lowest three states is predicted to be 2 1Ag-<1 1Bu+<1 1Bu- by both SA-DSRG-PT2 and SA-DSRG-PT3, in accordance with MRCISD plus Davidson correction.

New representation of n-mode squeezed state gained via n-partite entangled state [rapid communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Nian-Quan

2005-10-01

By virtue of the n-partite entangled state, we extend the way of Agarwal-Simon's presenting single-mode squeezed state to n-mode case and find a new representation of the n-mode squeezed state. This n-mode squeezed state is also an entangled state and can be a superposition of n-mode coherent states.

Entanglement of Multi-qudit States Constructed by Linearly Independent Coherent States: Balanced Case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Najarbashi, G.; Mirzaei, S.

2016-03-01

Multi-mode entangled coherent states are important resources for linear optics quantum computation and teleportation. Here we introduce the generalized balanced N-mode coherent states which recast in the multi-qudit case. The necessary and sufficient condition for bi-separability of such balanced N-mode coherent states is found. We particularly focus on pure and mixed multi-qubit and multi-qutrit like states and examine the degree of bipartite as well as tripartite entanglement using the concurrence measure. Unlike the N-qubit case, it is shown that there are qutrit states violating monogamy inequality. Using parity, displacement operator and beam splitters, we will propose a scheme for generating balanced N-mode entangled coherent states for even number of terms in superposition.

Child Care in the United States: Who Shapes State Policies for Children?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ng, Guat Tin

2006-01-01

Child care research is traditionally interested in the effects of the child care experience on child development. This article examines a different question: Who shapes state child care policy in the United States? The study, based on 49 states, shows that contrary to expectations, women's political representation, governor's party affiliation,…

State transportation statistics 2004

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-01

The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) presents State Transportation : Statistics 2004, a statistical profile of transportation in the 50 states and the : District of Columbia. This document is a successor to the BTS State : Transportation Pro...

[Altered states of consciousness].

PubMed

Gora, E P

2005-01-01

The review of modern ideas concerning the altered states of consciousness is presented in this article. Various methods of entry into the altered states of consciousness are looked over. It is shown that the altered states of consciousness are insufficiently known, but important aspects of human being existence. The role of investigation of the altered states of consciousness for the creation of integrative scientific conception base is discussed.

The State Role

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callan, Patrick M.; Jonsen, Richard W.

1976-01-01

Reviews higher education consumer protection activities currently undertaken by the states, with suggestions about others that should be implemented and the role that state coordinating agencies can play in them. (Editor/JT)

State Transportation Statistics 2014

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-15

The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) presents State Transportation Statistics 2014, a statistical profile of transportation in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. This is the 12th annual edition of State Transportation Statistics, a ...

Steady-state kinetic modeling constrains cellular resting states and dynamic behavior.

PubMed

Purvis, Jeremy E; Radhakrishnan, Ravi; Diamond, Scott L

2009-03-01

A defining characteristic of living cells is the ability to respond dynamically to external stimuli while maintaining homeostasis under resting conditions. Capturing both of these features in a single kinetic model is difficult because the model must be able to reproduce both behaviors using the same set of molecular components. Here, we show how combining small, well-defined steady-state networks provides an efficient means of constructing large-scale kinetic models that exhibit realistic resting and dynamic behaviors. By requiring each kinetic module to be homeostatic (at steady state under resting conditions), the method proceeds by (i) computing steady-state solutions to a system of ordinary differential equations for each module, (ii) applying principal component analysis to each set of solutions to capture the steady-state solution space of each module network, and (iii) combining optimal search directions from all modules to form a global steady-state space that is searched for accurate simulation of the time-dependent behavior of the whole system upon perturbation. Importantly, this stepwise approach retains the nonlinear rate expressions that govern each reaction in the system and enforces constraints on the range of allowable concentration states for the full-scale model. These constraints not only reduce the computational cost of fitting experimental time-series data but can also provide insight into limitations on system concentrations and architecture. To demonstrate application of the method, we show how small kinetic perturbations in a modular model of platelet P2Y(1) signaling can cause widespread compensatory effects on cellular resting states.

11 CFR 9032.11 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 9032.11 Section 9032.11 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND: PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY MATCHING FUND DEFINITIONS § 9032.11 State. State means each State of the United States, Puerto Rico, American...

23 CFR 1.3 - Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments. 1.3 Section 1.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL... with 23 U.S.C. 302, shall be authorized, by the laws of the State, to make final decisions for the...

23 CFR 1.3 - Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments. 1.3 Section 1.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL... with 23 U.S.C. 302, shall be authorized, by the laws of the State, to make final decisions for the...

23 CFR 1.3 - Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Federal-State cooperation; authority of State highway departments. 1.3 Section 1.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL... with 23 U.S.C. 302, shall be authorized, by the laws of the State, to make final decisions for the...

Library Involvement in State Government Information Policy Development in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weaver, Barbara F.

This paper focuses on efforts by library groups and individuals to influence the development of state government information policy in various states in the United States, and emphasizes the need for librarians to make sure they either initiate such development or insert themselves into any existing policy development processes. Emphasis is given…

State-to-state rotational energy-transfer measurements in the nu(2) = 1 state of ammonia by infrared-infrared double resonance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abel, Bernd; Coy, Stephen L.; Klaassen, Jody J.; Steinfeld, Jeffrey I.

1992-01-01

The state-resolved rotational (R-R, R-T) energy transfer in (N-14)H3 (for NH3-NH3 and NH3-Ar collisions) was studied using an IR double-resonance laser spectroscopic technique. Measurements of both the total rate of depopulation by collisions, and the rates of transfer into specific final rovibrational states (v,J,K) were performed using time-resolved tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. A kinetic master-equation analysis of time-resolved level populatons was carried out, yielding state-to-state rate constants and propensity rules for NH3-NH3 and NH3-Ar collisions.

Symmetries of Chimera States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kemeth, Felix P.; Haugland, Sindre W.; Krischer, Katharina

2018-05-01

Symmetry broken states arise naturally in oscillatory networks. In this Letter, we investigate chaotic attractors in an ensemble of four mean-coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators with two oscillators being synchronized. We report that these states with partially broken symmetry, so-called chimera states, have different setwise symmetries in the incoherent oscillators, and in particular, some are and some are not invariant under a permutation symmetry on average. This allows for a classification of different chimera states in small networks. We conclude our report with a discussion of related states in spatially extended systems, which seem to inherit the symmetry properties of their counterparts in small networks.

Dynamic belief state representations.

PubMed

Lee, Daniel D; Ortega, Pedro A; Stocker, Alan A

2014-04-01

Perceptual and control systems are tasked with the challenge of accurately and efficiently estimating the dynamic states of objects in the environment. To properly account for uncertainty, it is necessary to maintain a dynamical belief state representation rather than a single state vector. In this review, canonical algorithms for computing and updating belief states in robotic applications are delineated, and connections to biological systems are highlighted. A navigation example is used to illustrate the importance of properly accounting for correlations between belief state components, and to motivate the need for further investigations in psychophysics and neurobiology. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

13 CFR 147.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 147.665 Section 147.665 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 147.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States...

7 CFR 3017.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 3017.1005 Section 3017.1005 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 3017.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of...

12 CFR 561.50 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 561.50 Section 561.50 Banks and Banking... SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.50 State. The term State means a State, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands of the United States. ...

20 CFR 439.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State. 439.665 Section 439.665 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 439.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of...

22 CFR 1008.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true State. 1008.665 Section 1008.665 Foreign Relations INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1008.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of...

22 CFR 1509.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true State. 1509.665 Section 1509.665 Foreign Relations AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1509.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of...

22 CFR 312.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true State. 312.665 Section 312.665 Foreign Relations PEACE CORPS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 312.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

Youth motorcycle-related brain injury by state helmet law type: United States, 2005-2007.

PubMed

Weiss, Harold; Agimi, Yll; Steiner, Claudia

2010-12-01

Twenty-seven states have youth-specific helmet laws even though such laws have been shown to decrease helmet use and increase youth mortality compared with all-age (universal) laws. Our goal was to quantify the impact of age-specific helmet laws on youth under age 20 hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our cross-sectional ecological group analysis compared TBI proportions among US states with different helmet laws. We examined the following null hypothesis: If age-specific helmet laws are as effective as universal laws, there will be no difference in the proportion of hospitalized young motorcycle riders with TBI in the respective states. The data are derived from the 2005 to 2007 State Inpatient Databases of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We examined data for 17 states with universal laws, 6 states with laws for ages <21, and 12 states with laws for children younger than 18 (9287 motorcycle injury discharges). In states with a <21 law, serious TBI among youth was 38% higher than in universal-law states. Motorcycle riders aged 12 to 17 in 18 helmet-law states had a higher proportion of serious/severe TBI and higher average Abbreviated Injury Scores for head-region injuries than riders from universal-law states. States with youth-specific laws had an increased risk of TBI that required hospitalization, serious and severe TBI, TBI-related disability, and in-hospital death among the youth they are supposed to protect. The only method known to keep motorcycle-helmet use high among youth is to adopt or maintain universal helmet laws.

State Gun Law Environment and Youth Gun Carrying in the United States.

PubMed

Xuan, Ziming; Hemenway, David

2015-11-01

Gun violence and injuries pose a substantial threat to children and youth in the United States. Existing evidence points to the need for interventions and policies for keeping guns out of the hands of children and youth. (1) To examine the association between state gun law environment and youth gun carrying in the United States, and (2) to determine whether adult gun ownership mediates this association. This was a repeated cross-sectional observational study design with 3 years of data on youth gun carrying from US states. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey comprises data of representative samples of students in grades 9 to 12 from biennial years of 2007, 2009, and 2011. We hypothesized that states with more restrictive gun laws have lower rates of youth gun carrying, and this association is mediated by adult gun ownership. State gun law environment as measured by state gun law score. Youth gun carrying was defined as having carried a gun on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. In the fully adjusted model, a 10-point increase in the state gun law score, which represented a more restrictive gun law environment, was associated with a 9% decrease in the odds of youth gun carrying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.86-0.96]). Adult gun ownership mediated the association between state gun law score and youth gun carrying (AOR, 0.94 [ 95% CI, 0.86-1.01], with 29% attenuation of the regression coefficient from -0.09 to -0.07 based on bootstrap resampling). More restrictive overall gun control policies are associated with a reduced likelihood of youth gun carrying. These findings are relevant to gun policy debates about the critical importance of strengthening overall gun law environment to prevent youth gun carrying.

Getting College-Ready during State Transition toward the Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xu, Zeyu; Cepa, Kennan

2018-01-01

Background: As of 2016, 42 states and the District of Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). Tens of millions of students across the country completed high school before their schools were able to fully implement the CCSS. As with previous standards-based reforms, the transition to the CCSS-aligned state education standards…

3D nozzle flow simulations including state-to-state kinetics calculation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cutrone, L.; Tuttafesta, M.; Capitelli, M.; Schettino, A.; Pascazio, G.; Colonna, G.

2014-12-01

In supersonic and hypersonic flows, thermal and chemical non-equilibrium is one of the fundamental aspects that must be taken into account for the accurate characterization of the plasma. In this paper, we present an optimized methodology to approach plasma numerical simulation by state-to-state kinetics calculations in a fully 3D Navier-Stokes CFD solver. Numerical simulations of an expanding flow are presented aimed at comparing the behavior of state-to-state chemical kinetics models with respect to the macroscopic thermochemical non-equilibrium models that are usually used in the numerical computation of high temperature hypersonic flows. The comparison is focused both on the differences in the numerical results and on the computational effort associated with each approach.

Statistically optimal analysis of state-discretized trajectory data from multiple thermodynamic states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Hao; Mey, Antonia S. J. S.; Noé, Frank

2014-12-07

We propose a discrete transition-based reweighting analysis method (dTRAM) for analyzing configuration-space-discretized simulation trajectories produced at different thermodynamic states (temperatures, Hamiltonians, etc.) dTRAM provides maximum-likelihood estimates of stationary quantities (probabilities, free energies, expectation values) at any thermodynamic state. In contrast to the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM), dTRAM does not require data to be sampled from global equilibrium, and can thus produce superior estimates for enhanced sampling data such as parallel/simulated tempering, replica exchange, umbrella sampling, or metadynamics. In addition, dTRAM provides optimal estimates of Markov state models (MSMs) from the discretized state-space trajectories at all thermodynamic states. Under suitablemore » conditions, these MSMs can be used to calculate kinetic quantities (e.g., rates, timescales). In the limit of a single thermodynamic state, dTRAM estimates a maximum likelihood reversible MSM, while in the limit of uncorrelated sampling data, dTRAM is identical to WHAM. dTRAM is thus a generalization to both estimators.« less

10 CFR 607.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 607.665 Section 607.665 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ASSISTANCE REGULATIONS GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 607.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

5 CFR 919.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 919.1005 Section 919.1005...) GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 919.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico...

36 CFR 1212.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 1212.665 Section 1212... GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1212.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico...

29 CFR 1472.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 1472.665 Section 1472.665 Labor Regulations Relating...-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1472.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or...

32 CFR 1602.23 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 1602.23 Section 1602.23 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 1602.23 State. The word State includes, where applicable, the several States of the United States, the City of New York...

28 CFR 83.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 83.665 Section 83.665 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) GOVERNMENT-WIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (GRANTS) Definitions § 83.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

Single Cigarette Sales: State Differences in FDA Advertising and Labeling Violations, 2014, United States

PubMed Central

Lee, Joseph G. L.; Ranney, Leah M.; Goldstein, Adam O.

2016-01-01

Importance: Single cigarettes, which are sold without warning labels and often evade taxes, can serve as a gateway for youth smoking. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gives the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products, including prohibiting the sale of single cigarettes. To enforce these regulations, the FDA conducted over 335 661 inspections between 2010 and September 30, 2014, and allocated over $115 million toward state inspections contracts. Objective: To examine differences in single cigarette violations across states and determine if likely correlates of single cigarette sales predict single cigarette violations at the state level. Design: Cross-sectional study of publicly available FDA warning letters from January 1 to July 31, 2014. Setting: All 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants: Tobacco retailer inspections conducted by FDA (n = 33 543). Exposure(s) for Observational Studies: State cigarette tax, youth smoking prevalence, poverty, and tobacco production. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): State proportion of FDA warning letters issued for single cigarette violations. Results: There are striking differences in the number of single cigarette violations found by state, with 38 states producing no warning letters for selling single cigarettes even as state policymakers developed legislation to address retailer sales of single cigarettes. The state proportion of warning letters issued for single cigarettes is not predicted by state cigarette tax, youth smoking, poverty, or tobacco production, P = .12. Conclusions and Relevance: Substantial, unexplained variation exists in violations of single cigarette sales among states. These data suggest the possibility of differences in implementation of FDA inspections and the need for stronger quality monitoring processes across states implementing FDA inspections. PMID:25744967

Single Cigarette Sales: State Differences in FDA Advertising and Labeling Violations, 2014, United States.

PubMed

Baker, Hannah M; Lee, Joseph G L; Ranney, Leah M; Goldstein, Adam O

2016-02-01

Single cigarettes, which are sold without warning labels and often evade taxes, can serve as a gateway for youth smoking. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gives the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products, including prohibiting the sale of single cigarettes. To enforce these regulations, the FDA conducted over 335,661 inspections between 2010 and September 30, 2014, and allocated over $115 million toward state inspections contracts. To examine differences in single cigarette violations across states and determine if likely correlates of single cigarette sales predict single cigarette violations at the state level. Cross-sectional study of publicly available FDA warning letters from January 1 to July 31, 2014. All 50 states and the District of Columbia. Tobacco retailer inspections conducted by FDA (n = 33 543). State cigarette tax, youth smoking prevalence, poverty, and tobacco production. State proportion of FDA warning letters issued for single cigarette violations. There are striking differences in the number of single cigarette violations found by state, with 38 states producing no warning letters for selling single cigarettes even as state policymakers developed legislation to address retailer sales of single cigarettes. The state proportion of warning letters issued for single cigarettes is not predicted by state cigarette tax, youth smoking, poverty, or tobacco production, P = .12. Substantial, unexplained variation exists in violations of single cigarette sales among states. These data suggest the possibility of differences in implementation of FDA inspections and the need for stronger quality monitoring processes across states implementing FDA inspections. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Magnetic states at short distances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crater, Horace W.; Wong, Cheuk-Yin

2012-06-01

The magnetic interactions between a fermion and an antifermion of opposite electric or color charges in the S0-+1 and P0++3 states with J=0 are very attractive and singular near the origin and may allow the formation of new bound and resonance states at short distances. In the two-body Dirac equations formulated in constraint dynamics, the short-distance attraction for these states for point particles leads to a quasipotential that behaves near the origin as -α2/r2, where α is the coupling constant. Representing this quasipotential at short distances as λ(λ+1)/r2 with λ=(-1+1-4α2)/2, both S0-+1 and P0++3 states admit two types of eigenstates with drastically different behaviors for the radial wave function u=rψ. One type of states, with u growing as rλ+1 at small r, will be called usual states. The other type of states with u growing as r-λ will be called peculiar states. Both of the usual and peculiar eigenstates have admissible behaviors at short distances. Remarkably, the solutions for both sets of S01 states can be written out analytically. The usual bound S01 states possess attributes the same as those one usually encounters in QED and QCD, with bound QED state energies explicitly agreeing with the standard perturbative results through order α4. In contrast, the peculiar bound S01 states, yet to be observed, not only have different behaviors at the origin, but also distinctly different bound state properties (and scattering phase shifts). For the peculiar S01 ground state of fermion-antifermion pair with fermion rest mass m, the root-mean-square radius is approximately 1/m, binding energy is approximately (2-2)m, and rest mass approximately 2m. On the other hand, the (n+1)S01 peculiar state with principal quantum number (n+1) is nearly degenerate in energy and approximately equal in size with the nS01 usual states. For the P03 states, the usual solutions lead to the standard bound state energies and no resonance, but resonances have been found for

45 CFR 1155.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false State. 1155.665 Section 1155.665 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES NATIONAL...) Definitions § 1155.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia...

32 CFR 26.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 26.665 Section 26.665 National Defense... REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 26.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory...

38 CFR 48.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 48.665 Section 48... REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 48.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory...

24 CFR 21.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State. 21.665 Section 21.665... GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (GRANTS) Definitions § 21.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory...

40 CFR 36.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 36.665 Section 36.665 Protection... REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 36.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory...

29 CFR 1471.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 1471.1005 Section 1471.1005 Labor Regulations... SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 1471.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (4) Any territory or...

14 CFR 1267.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 1267.665 Section 1267.665... WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1267.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the...

29 CFR 401.2 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 401.2 Section 401.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS MEANING OF TERMS USED IN THIS SUBCHAPTER § 401.2 State. State includes any State of the United States, the District...

2 CFR 182.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 182.665 Section 182.665 Grants and... GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 182.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico...

29 CFR 98.1005 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true State. 98.1005 Section 98.1005 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 98.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The...

34 CFR 84.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State. 84.665 Section 84.665 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 84.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the...

21 CFR 1405.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State. 1405.665 Section 1405.665 Food and Drugs OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 1405.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of...

The state of amphibians in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Muths, E.; Adams, M.J.; Grant, E.H.C.; Miller, D.; Corn, P.S.; Ball, L.C.

2012-01-01

More than 25 years ago, scientists began to identify unexplained declines in amphibian populations around the world. Much has been learned since then, but amphibian declines have not abated and the interactions among the various threats to amphibians are not clear. Amphibian decline is a problem of local, national, and international scope that can affect ecosystem function, biodiversity, and commerce. This fact sheet provides a snapshot of the state of the amphibians and introduces examples to illustrate the range of issues in the United States.

The Regulation of Private Schools in America: A State-by-State Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, L. Particia, Comp.

Today, a parent's right to choose a private education for his or her children is reflected in the statutes of all 50 states. State regulation of private schools, however, is not without limitations. The challenge to state legislators in regulating private schools is to draft legislation that: (1) respects the fundamental right of parents to direct…

New Jersey Kids Count 2007: The State of Children in Our State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association for Children of New Jersey, 2007

2007-01-01

This paper presents the "New Jersey Kids Count 2007: The State of Children in Our State." Gained ground on the state of children for 2007 include: (1) The number of low-income households earning federal tax credits increased 33 percent since 2001, while the average amount of the checks they received jumped 44 percent to $1,804 for tax…

Optoelectronically probing the density of nanowire surface trap states to the single state limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dan, Yaping

2015-02-01

Surface trap states play a dominant role in the optoelectronic properties of nanoscale devices. Understanding the surface trap states allows us to properly engineer the device surfaces for better performance. But characterization of surface trap states at nanoscale has been a formidable challenge using the traditional capacitive techniques. Here, we demonstrate a simple but powerful optoelectronic method to probe the density of nanowire surface trap states to the single state limit. In this method, we choose to tune the quasi-Fermi level across the bandgap of a silicon nanowire photoconductor, allowing for capture and emission of photogenerated charge carriers by surface trap states. The experimental data show that the energy density of nanowire surface trap states is in a range from 109 cm-2/eV at deep levels to 1012 cm-2/eV near the conduction band edge. This optoelectronic method allows us to conveniently probe trap states of ultra-scaled nano/quantum devices at extremely high precision.

The State's Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calhoun, John W.

1972-01-01

Author is Assistant Attorney General in Wisconsin and represented the state in the Wisconsin vs. Yoder case. Cites other cases and decisions handed down by the United States Supreme Court in relation to compulsory education. (RB)

15 CFR 29.665 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 29.665 Section 29.665 Commerce... WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 29.665 State. State means any of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the...

Reexamination of optimal quantum state estimation of pure states

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hayashi, A.; Hashimoto, T.; Horibe, M.

2005-09-15

A direct derivation is given for the optimal mean fidelity of quantum state estimation of a d-dimensional unknown pure state with its N copies given as input, which was first obtained by Hayashi in terms of an infinite set of covariant positive operator valued measures (POVM's) and by Bruss and Macchiavello establishing a connection to optimal quantum cloning. An explicit condition for POVM measurement operators for optimal estimators is obtained, by which we construct optimal estimators with finite POVMs using exact quadratures on a hypersphere. These finite optimal estimators are not generally universal, where universality means the fidelity is independentmore » of input states. However, any optimal estimator with finite POVM for M(>N) copies is universal if it is used for N copies as input.« less

Entanglement revival can occur only when the system-environment state is not a Markov state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sargolzahi, Iman

2018-06-01

Markov states have been defined for tripartite quantum systems. In this paper, we generalize the definition of the Markov states to arbitrary multipartite case and find the general structure of an important subset of them, which we will call strong Markov states. In addition, we focus on an important property of the Markov states: If the initial state of the whole system-environment is a Markov state, then each localized dynamics of the whole system-environment reduces to a localized subdynamics of the system. This provides us a necessary condition for entanglement revival in an open quantum system: Entanglement revival can occur only when the system-environment state is not a Markov state. To illustrate (a part of) our results, we consider the case that the environment is modeled as classical. In this case, though the correlation between the system and the environment remains classical during the evolution, the change of the state of the system-environment, from its initial Markov state to a state which is not a Markov one, leads to the entanglement revival in the system. This shows that the non-Markovianity of a state is not equivalent to the existence of non-classical correlation in it, in general.

Predicting Periodontitis at State and Local Levels in the United States.

PubMed

Eke, P I; Zhang, X; Lu, H; Wei, L; Thornton-Evans, G; Greenlund, K J; Holt, J B; Croft, J B

2016-05-01

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis at state and local levels across the United States by using a novel, small area estimation (SAE) method. Extended multilevel regression and poststratification analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis among adults aged 30 to 79 y at state, county, congressional district, and census tract levels by using periodontal data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2012, population counts from the 2010 US census, and smoking status estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2012. The SAE method used age, race, gender, smoking, and poverty variables to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definitions at the census block levels and aggregated to larger administrative and geographic areas of interest. Model-based SAEs were validated against national estimates directly from NHANES 2009-2012. Estimated prevalence of periodontitis ranged from 37.7% in Utah to 52.8% in New Mexico among the states (mean, 45.1%; median, 44.9%) and from 33.7% to 68% among counties (mean, 46.6%; median, 45.9%). Severe periodontitis ranged from 7.27% in New Hampshire to 10.26% in Louisiana among the states (mean, 8.9%; median, 8.8%) and from 5.2% to 17.9% among counties (mean, 9.2%; median, 8.8%). Overall, the predicted prevalence of periodontitis was highest for southeastern and southwestern states and for geographic areas in the Southeast along the Mississippi Delta, as well as along the US and Mexico border. Aggregated model-based SAEs were consistent with national prevalence estimates from NHANES 2009-2012. This study is the first-ever estimation of periodontitis prevalence at state and local levels in the United States, and this modeling approach complements public health surveillance efforts to identify areas with a high burden of

75 FR 31465 - United States, State of Illinois, State of Colorado, and State of Indiana

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-03

..., and often offer full-service restaurants or in-service dining. Premiere theatres also differ from... selection is deemed not to be a suitable alternative, the United States shall in its sole discretion select... suitable alternative pursuant to Section VI(A). If AMC's selection is deemed not to be a suitable...

Principal States of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveal the Link Between Resting-State and Task-State Brain: An fMRI Study.

PubMed

Cheng, Lin; Zhu, Yang; Sun, Junfeng; Deng, Lifu; He, Naying; Yang, Yang; Ling, Huawei; Ayaz, Hasan; Fu, Yi; Tong, Shanbao

2018-01-25

Task-related reorganization of functional connectivity (FC) has been widely investigated. Under classic static FC analysis, brain networks under task and rest have been demonstrated a general similarity. However, brain activity and cognitive process are believed to be dynamic and adaptive. Since static FC inherently ignores the distinct temporal patterns between rest and task, dynamic FC may be more a suitable technique to characterize the brain's dynamic and adaptive activities. In this study, we adopted [Formula: see text]-means clustering to investigate task-related spatiotemporal reorganization of dynamic brain networks and hypothesized that dynamic FC would be able to reveal the link between resting-state and task-state brain organization, including broadly similar spatial patterns but distinct temporal patterns. In order to test this hypothesis, this study examined the dynamic FC in default-mode network (DMN) and motor-related network (MN) using Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD)-fMRI data from 26 healthy subjects during rest (REST) and a hand closing-and-opening (HCO) task. Two principal FC states in REST and one principal FC state in HCO were identified. The first principal FC state in REST was found similar to that in HCO, which appeared to represent intrinsic network architecture and validated the broadly similar spatial patterns between REST and HCO. However, the second FC principal state in REST with much shorter "dwell time" implied the transient functional relationship between DMN and MN during REST. In addition, a more frequent shifting between two principal FC states indicated that brain network dynamically maintained a "default mode" in the motor system during REST, whereas the presence of a single principal FC state and reduced FC variability implied a more temporally stable connectivity during HCO, validating the distinct temporal patterns between REST and HCO. Our results further demonstrated that dynamic FC analysis could offer unique

48 CFR 52.229-4 - Federal, State, and Local Taxes (State and Local Adjustments).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Federal, State, and Local Taxes (State and Local Adjustments). 52.229-4 Section 52.229-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.229-4 Federal, State, and Local Taxes (State and Local Adjustments...

States' Description of Common Core State Standards to Support Students with Severe Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dukes, Charles; Darling, Sharon M.; Bielskus-Barone, Kristina

2017-01-01

A review of State Department of Education and school district websites was conducted to determine how policy related to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) was communicated to teachers of students with severe disabilities. Four states were selected: California, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. State Department of Education websites and…

Social Security Number Protection Laws: State-by-State Summary Table

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Data Quality Campaign, 2011

2011-01-01

As state policymakers implement statewide longitudinal data systems that collect, store, link and share student-level data, it is critical that they understand applicable privacy and data security standards and laws designed to ensure the privacy, security, and confidentiality of that data. To help state policymakers navigate this complex legal…

Restructuring State Education Agencies: Learning from State Leaders. SERVE Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Linda J.

Findings of a study that describes restructuring efforts undertaken by state education agencies (SEAs) are presented in this paper. Data were collected through telephone interviews with SEA officials in 24 states that were actively engaged in restructuring and analysis of SEA documents. Factors that contributed to restructuring included the place…

Generating grid states from Schrödinger-cat states without postselection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weigand, Daniel J.; Terhal, Barbara M.

2018-02-01

Grid (or comb) states are an interesting class of bosonic states introduced by Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill [D. Gottesman, A. Kitaev, and J. Preskill, Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001), 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.012310] to encode a qubit into an oscillator. A method to generate or "breed" a grid state from Schrödinger cat states using beam splitters and homodyne measurements is known [H. M. Vasconcelos, L. Sanz, and S. Glancy, Opt. Lett. 35, 3261 (2010), 10.1364/OL.35.003261], but this method requires postselection. In this paper we show how postprocessing of the measurement data can be used to entirely remove the need for postselection, making the scheme much more viable. We bound the asymptotic behavior of the breeding procedure and demonstrate the efficacy of the method numerically.

Evaluation of Teachers and Leaders. State Implementation of Common Core State Standards

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Kimberly; Mira, Mary Elizabeth

2014-01-01

By 2012, all of the states in this study had started implementing new or revised teacher and leader evaluation systems. There are many and varying updates to these systems, and some of them have been made to meet conditions for a state's federal "Race to the Top" (RTT) grant. Other updates have been made to meet conditions for a state's…

Quantum teleportation and information splitting via four-qubit cluster state and a Bell state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramírez, Marlon David González; Falaye, Babatunde James; Sun, Guo-Hua; Cruz-Irisson, M.; Dong, Shi-Hai

2017-10-01

Quantum teleportation provides a "bodiless" way of transmitting the quantum state from one object to another, at a distant location, using a classical communication channel and a previously shared entangled state. In this paper, we present a tripartite scheme for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary single qubit state, without losing the information of the state being teleported, via a fourqubit cluster state of the form | ϕ>1234 = α|0000>+ β|1010>+ γ|0101>- η|1111>, as the quantum channel, where the nonzero real numbers α, β, γ, and η satisfy the relation j αj2 + | β|2 + | γ|2 + | η|2 = 1. With the introduction of an auxiliary qubit with state |0>, using a suitable unitary transformation and a positive-operator valued measure (POVM), the receiver can recreate the state of the original qubit. An important advantage of the teleportation scheme demonstrated here is that, if the teleportation fails, it can be repeated without teleporting copies of the unknown quantum state, if the concerned parties share another pair of entangled qubit. We also present a protocol for quantum information splitting of an arbitrary two-particle system via the aforementioned cluster state and a Bell-state as the quantum channel. Problems related to security attacks were examined for both the cases and it was found that this protocol is secure. This protocol is highly efficient and easy to implement.

Optimal remote preparation of arbitrary multi-qubit real-parameter states via two-qubit entangled states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Jiahua; Shi, Lei; Luo, Junwen; Zhu, Yu; Kang, Qiaoyan; Yu, Longqiang; Wu, Hao; Jiang, Jun; Zhao, Boxin

2018-06-01

In this paper, we present an efficient scheme for remote state preparation of arbitrary n-qubit states with real coefficients. Quantum channel is composed of n maximally two-qubit entangled states, and several appropriate mutually orthogonal bases including the real parameters of prepared states are delicately constructed without the introduction of auxiliary particles. It is noted that the successful probability is 100% by using our proposal under the condition that the parameters of prepared states are all real. Compared to general states, the probability of our protocol is improved at the cost of the information reduction in the transmitted state.

Enhancing State Authorization: The Need for Action by States as Stewards of Higher Education Performance. State-Federal Partnerships in Postsecondary Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harnisch, Thomas; Nassirian, Barmak; Saddler, Amber; Coleman, Art

2016-01-01

This brief examines the "triad" of state governments, the federal government and accrediting agencies and, by shining light on the unique role that state governments play in this partnership, the authors propose reforms that will strengthen the role of state governments, without neglecting the two other legs of the higher education stool.

7 CFR 1160.104 - United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false United States. 1160.104 Section 1160.104 Agriculture... Definitions § 1160.104 United States. United States means the 48 contiguous states in the continental United States and the District of Columbia, except that United States means the 50 states of the United States...

7 CFR 1160.104 - United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false United States. 1160.104 Section 1160.104 Agriculture... Definitions § 1160.104 United States. United States means the 48 contiguous states in the continental United States and the District of Columbia, except that United States means the 50 states of the United States...

7 CFR 1160.104 - United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true United States. 1160.104 Section 1160.104 Agriculture... Definitions § 1160.104 United States. United States means the 48 contiguous states in the continental United States and the District of Columbia, except that United States means the 50 states of the United States...

7 CFR 1160.104 - United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false United States. 1160.104 Section 1160.104 Agriculture... Definitions § 1160.104 United States. United States means the 48 contiguous states in the continental United States and the District of Columbia, except that United States means the 50 states of the United States...

7 CFR 1160.104 - United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 9 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true United States. 1160.104 Section 1160.104 Agriculture... Definitions § 1160.104 United States. United States means the 48 contiguous states in the continental United States and the District of Columbia, except that United States means the 50 states of the United States...

States assuming responsibility over wetlands: State assumption as a regulatory option for protection of wetlands

Treesearch

Kristen M. Fletcher

2000-01-01

While States have initiated their own wetland protection schemes for decades, Congress formally invited States to join the regulatory game under the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1977. The CWA Amendments provided two ways for States to increase responsibility by assuming some administration of Federal regulatory programs: State programmatic general permits and State...

State summaries: Kentucky

USGS Publications Warehouse

Greb, S.F.; Anderson, W.H.

2006-01-01

Kentucky mines coal, limestone, clay, sand and gravel. Coal mining operations are carried out mainly in the Western Kentucky Coal Field and the Eastern Kentucky Coal field. As to nonfuel minerals, Mississippian limestones are mined in the Mississippian Plateaus Region and along Pine Mountain in southeastern Kentucky. Ordovician and Silurian limestones are mined from the central part of the state. Clay minerals that are mined in the state include common clay, ceramic and ball clays, refractory clay and shale. Just like in 2004, mining activities in the state remain significant.

See Your State From Space!

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2008-01-01

Each of the 50 States in the United States is beautiful in its own way. That beauty can be seen from a unique perspective using satellite images taken from high above the Earth. These State images were created from multiple satellite images stitched together into one seamless image for each State. Names of major cities, administrative boundaries, and State flags have been added.

State medicaid coverage for tobacco cessation treatments and barriers to coverage - United States, 2008-2014.

PubMed

Singleterry, Jennifer; Jump, Zach; Lancet, Elizabeth; Babb, Stephen; MacNeil, Allison; Zhang, Lei

2014-03-28

Medicaid enrollees have a higher smoking prevalence than the general population (30.1% of adult Medicaid enrollees aged <65 years smoke, compared with 18.1% of U.S. adults of all ages), and smoking-related disease is a major contributor to increasing Medicaid costs. Evidence-based cessation treatments exist, including individual, group, and telephone counseling and seven Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications. A Healthy People 2020 objective (TU-8) calls for all state Medicaid programs to adopt comprehensive coverage of these treatments. However, most states do not provide such coverage. To monitor trends in state Medicaid cessation coverage, the American Lung Association collected data on coverage of all evidence-based cessation treatments except telephone counseling by state Medicaid programs (for a total of nine treatments), as well as data on barriers to accessing these treatments (such as charging copayments or limiting the number of covered quit attempts) from December 31, 2008, to January 31, 2014. As of 2014, all 50 states and the District of Columbia cover some cessation treatments for at least some Medicaid enrollees, but only seven states cover all nine treatments for all enrollees. Common barriers in 2014 include duration limits (40 states for at least some populations or plans), annual limits (37 states), prior authorization requirements (36 states), and copayments (35 states). Comparing 2008 with 2014, 33 states added treatments to coverage, and 22 states removed treatments from coverage; 26 states removed barriers to accessing treatments, and 29 states added new barriers. The evidence from previous analyses suggests that states could reduce smoking-related morbidity and health-care costs among Medicaid enrollees by providing Medicaid coverage for all evidence-based cessation treatments, removing all barriers to accessing these treatments, promoting the coverage, and monitoring its use.

When Colleges Lobby States: The Higher Education/State Government Connection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodall, Leonard E., Ed.

An overview of the process of university participation in state politics is provided, including the way in which a university interacts with the governor's office and the way it competes with other universities and other agencies for budget dollars. The following 23 articles are included: "The Influence of State Constitutional Conventions on the…

Non-classical State via Superposition of Two Opposite Coherent States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Gang; Du, Jian-ming; Yu, Hai-jun

2018-04-01

We study the non-classical properties of the states generated by superpositions of two opposite coherent states with the arbitrary relative phase factors. We show that the relative phase factors plays an important role in these superpositions. We demonstrate this result by discussing their squeezing properties, quantum statistical properties and fidelity in principle.

Security of two-state and four-state practical quantum bit-commitment protocols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loura, Ricardo; Arsenović, Dušan; Paunković, Nikola; Popović, Duška B.; Prvanović, Slobodan

2016-12-01

We study cheating strategies against a practical four-state quantum bit-commitment protocol [A. Danan and L. Vaidman, Quant. Info. Proc. 11, 769 (2012)], 10.1007/s11128-011-0284-4 and its two-state variant [R. Loura et al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 052336 (2014)], 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.052336 when the underlying quantum channels are noisy and the cheating party is constrained to using single-qubit measurements only. We show that simply inferring the transmitted photons' states by using the Breidbart basis, optimal for ambiguous (minimum-error) state discrimination, does not directly produce an optimal cheating strategy for this bit-commitment protocol. We introduce a strategy, based on certain postmeasurement processes and show it to have better chances at cheating than the direct approach. We also study to what extent sending forged geographical coordinates helps a dishonest party in breaking the binding security requirement. Finally, we investigate the impact of imperfect single-photon sources in the protocols. Our study shows that, in terms of the resources used, the four-state protocol is advantageous over the two-state version. The analysis performed can be straightforwardly generalized to any finite-qubit measurement, with the same qualitative results.

A multi-state fragment charge difference approach for diabatic states in electron transfer: Extension and automation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chou-Hsun; Hsu, Chao-Ping

2013-10-01

The electron transfer (ET) rate prediction requires the electronic coupling values. The Generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH) and Fragment Charge Difference (FCD) schemes have been useful approaches to calculate ET coupling from an excited state calculation. In their typical form, both methods use two eigenstates in forming the target charge-localized diabatic states. For problems involve three or four states, a direct generalization is possible, but it is necessary to pick and assign the locally excited or charge-transfer states involved. In this work, we generalize the 3-state scheme for a multi-state FCD without the need of manual pick or assignment for the states. In this scheme, the diabatic states are obtained separately in the charge-transfer or neutral excited subspaces, defined by their eigenvalues in the fragment charge-difference matrix. In each subspace, the Hamiltonians are diagonalized, and there exist off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements between different subspaces, particularly the charge-transfer and neutral excited diabatic states. The ET coupling values are obtained as the corresponding off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements. A similar multi-state GMH scheme can also be developed. We test the new multi-state schemes for the performance in systems that have been studied using more than two states with FCD or GMH. We found that the multi-state approach yields much better charge-localized states in these systems. We further test for the dependence on the number of state included in the calculation of ET couplings. The final coupling values are converged when the number of state included is increased. In one system where experimental value is available, the multi-state FCD coupling value agrees better with the previous experimental result. We found that the multi-state GMH and FCD are useful when the original two-state approach fails.

7 CFR 1230.24 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 1230.24 Section 1230.24 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order Definitions § 1230.24 State. State means each of the 50 States. ...

7 CFR 1205.22 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 1205.22 Section 1205.22 Agriculture... Procedures for Conduct of Sign-up Period Definitions § 1205.22 State. The term State means each of the 50 states. ...

Quantum Teleportation of an Arbitrary N-qubit State via GHZ-like States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Bo; Liu, Xing-tong; Wang, Jian; Tang, Chao-jing

2016-03-01

Recently Zhu (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53, 4095, 2014) had shown that using GHZ-like states as quantum channel, it is possible to teleport an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state. We investigate this channel for the teleportation of an arbitrary N-qubit state. The strict proof through mathematical induction is presented and the rule for the receiver to reconstruct the desired state is explicitly derived in the most general case. We also discuss that if a system of quantum secret sharing of classical message is established, our protocol can be transformed to a N-qubit perfect controlled teleportation scheme from the controller's point of view.

Experimental multilocation remote state preparation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rådmark, Magnus; Wieśniak, Marcin; Żukowski, Marek; Bourennane, Mohamed

2013-09-01

Transmission of quantum states is a central task in quantum information science. Remote state preparation (RSP) has the same goal as teleportation, i.e., transferring quantum information without sending physically the information carrier, but in RSP the sender knows the state which is to be transmitted. We present experimental demonstrations of RSP for two and three locations. In our experimental scheme Alice (the preparer) and her three partners share four and six photon polarization entangled singlets. This allows us to perform RSP of two or three copies of a single-qubit state, a two-qubit Bell state, and a three-qubit W, or W¯ state. A possibility to prepare two-qubit nonmaximally entangled and GHZ states is also discussed. The ability to remotely prepare an entangled states by local projections at Alice is a distinguishing feature of our scheme.

42 CFR 441.745 - State plan HCBS administration: State responsibilities and quality improvement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... responsibilities and quality improvement. 441.745 Section 441.745 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID... and quality improvement. (a) State plan HCBS administration—(1) State responsibilities. The State must...-regulatory guidance. To the extent that the reimbursement methodologies for any self-directed services differ...

Fault-Tolerant Coding for State Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Naegle, Stephanie Taft; Burke, Gary; Newell, Michael

2008-01-01

Two reliable fault-tolerant coding schemes have been proposed for state machines that are used in field-programmable gate arrays and application-specific integrated circuits to implement sequential logic functions. The schemes apply to strings of bits in state registers, which are typically implemented in practice as assemblies of flip-flop circuits. If a single-event upset (SEU, a radiation-induced change in the bit in one flip-flop) occurs in a state register, the state machine that contains the register could go into an erroneous state or could hang, by which is meant that the machine could remain in undefined states indefinitely. The proposed fault-tolerant coding schemes are intended to prevent the state machine from going into an erroneous or hang state when an SEU occurs. To ensure reliability of the state machine, the coding scheme for bits in the state register must satisfy the following criteria: 1. All possible states are defined. 2. An SEU brings the state machine to a known state. 3. There is no possibility of a hang state. 4. No false state is entered. 5. An SEU exerts no effect on the state machine. Fault-tolerant coding schemes that have been commonly used include binary encoding and "one-hot" encoding. Binary encoding is the simplest state machine encoding and satisfies criteria 1 through 3 if all possible states are defined. Binary encoding is a binary count of the state machine number in sequence; the table represents an eight-state example. In one-hot encoding, N bits are used to represent N states: All except one of the bits in a string are 0, and the position of the 1 in the string represents the state. With proper circuit design, one-hot encoding can satisfy criteria 1 through 4. Unfortunately, the requirement to use N bits to represent N states makes one-hot coding inefficient.

7 CFR 1230.620 - State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false State. 1230.620 Section 1230.620 Agriculture... CONSUMER INFORMATION Procedures for the Conduct of Referendum Definitions § 1230.620 State. The term State means each of the 50 States. ...

Lateral engineering of surface states - towards surface-state nanoelectronics.

PubMed

García de Abajo, F J; Cordón, J; Corso, M; Schiller, F; Ortega, J E

2010-05-01

Patterned metal surfaces can host electron quantum waves that display interference phenomena over distances of a few nanometres, thus providing excellent information carriers for future atomic-scale devices. Here we demonstrate that collimation and waveguiding of surface electrons can be realized in silver-induced strain dislocation networks on Cu(111) surfaces, as a conceptual proof-of-principle of surface-state nanoelectronics (SSNE). The Ag/Cu(111) system exhibits featured surface bands with gaps at the Fermi energy, which are basic requirements for a potential SSNE material. We establish a solid analogy between the behavior of surface-state electrons and surface plasmons in patterned metal surfaces, thus facilitating the transfer of existing knowledge on plasmonic structures to the new scenario presented by engineered electronic surface-state nanostructures, with the advantage of a 1000-fold reduction in wavelength and geometrical parameters.

Use of indexing to update United States annual timber harvest by state

Treesearch

James Howard; Enrique Quevedo; Andrew Kramp

2009-01-01

This report provides an index method that can be used to update recent estimates of timber harvest by state to a common current year and to make 5-year projections. The Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program makes estimates of harvest for each state in differing years. The purpose of this updating method is to bring each state-level estimate up to a...

Atomic solid state energy scale: Universality and periodic trends in oxidation state

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pelatt, Brian D.; Kokenyesi, Robert S.; Ravichandran, Ram

2015-11-15

The atomic solid state energy (SSE) scale originates from a plot of the electron affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) versus band gap (E{sub G}). SSE is estimated for a given atom by assessing an average EA (for a cation) or an average IP (for an anion) for binary inorganic compounds having that specific atom as a constituent. Physically, SSE is an experimentally-derived average frontier orbital energy referenced to the vacuum level. In its original formulation, 69 binary closed-shell inorganic semiconductors and insulators were employed as a database, providing SSE estimates for 40 elements. In this contribution, EA and IPmore » versus E{sub G} are plotted for an additional 92 compounds, thus yielding SSE estimates for a total of 64 elements from the s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks of the periodic table. Additionally, SSE is refined to account for its dependence on oxidation state. Although most cations within the SSE database are found to occur in a single oxidation state, data are available for nine d-block transition metals and one p-block main group metal in more than one oxidation state. SSE is deeper in energy for a higher cation oxidation state. Two p-block main group non-metals within the SSE database are found to exist in both positive and negative oxidation states so that they can function as a cation or anion. SSEs for most cations are positioned above −4.5 eV with respect to the vacuum level, and SSEs for all anions are positioned below. Hence, the energy −4.5 eV, equal to the hydrogen donor/acceptor ionization energy ε(+/−) or equivalently the standard hydrogen electrode energy, is considered to be an absolute energy reference for chemical bonding in the solid state. - Highlights: • Atomic solid-state energies are estimated for 64 elements from experimental data. • The relationship between atomic SSEs and oxidation state is assessed. • Cations are positioned above and absolute energy of −4.5 eV and anions below.« less

Public Expenditures for Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities in the United States: State Profiles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braddock, David; And Others

Part of a study of the state-federal fiscal structure in developmental disabilities, the report presents detailed state-by-state expenditure data for FY 1977-84. The first section graphically presents expenditure data aggregated across the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the 8-year period. Six subsections in this first part present (1)…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Minnesota: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Hawaii: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Florida: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Indiana: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Maryland: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Arkansas: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Ohio: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Michigan: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Idaho: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in California: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Iowa: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Illinois: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Connecticut: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Virginia: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Arizona: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Oregon: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Pennsylvania: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Georgia: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Delaware: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Oklahoma: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Montana: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Texas: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Kentucky: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Nebraska: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Alabama: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Colorado: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

The State of Mathematics Achievement in Louisiana: The Trial State Assessment at Grade Eight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.

In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment (TSA); for the first time in the NAEP's history, voluntary state-by-state assessments (37 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) were made. The sample was designed to represent the 8th grade public school population in a state…

Community-level policy responses to state marijuana legalization in Washington State

PubMed Central

Dilley, Julia A.; Hitchcock, Laura; McGroder, Nancy; Greto, Lindsey A.; Richardson, Susan M.

2017-01-01

Background Washington State (WA) legalized a recreational marijuana market -- including growing, processing and retail sales -- through voter initiative 502 in November 2012. Legalized recreational marijuana retail sales began in July 2014. In response to state legalization of recreational marijuana, some cities and counties within the state have passed local ordinances that either further regulated marijuana markets, or banned them completely. The purpose of this study is to describe local-level marijuana regulations on recreational retail sales within the context of a state that had legalized a recreational marijuana market. Methods Marijuana-related ordinances were collected from all 142 cities in the state with more than 3,000 residents and from all 39 counties. Policies that were in place as of June 30, 2016 - two years after the state’s recreational market opening - to regulate recreational marijuana retail sales within communities were systematically coded. Results A total of 125 cities and 30 counties had passed local ordinances to address recreational marijuana retail sales. Multiple communities implemented retail market bans, including some temporary bans (moratoria) while studying whether to pursue other policy options. As of June 30, 2016, 30% of the state population lived in places that had temporarily or permanently banned retail sales. Communities most frequently enacted zoning policies explicitly regulating where marijuana businesses could be established. Other policies included in ordinances placed limits on business hours and distance requirements (buffers) between marijuana businesses and youth-related land use types or other sensitive areas. Conclusions State legalization does not necessarily result in uniform community environments that regulate recreational marijuana markets. Local ordinances vary among communities within Washington following statewide legalization. Further study is needed to describe how such local policies affect variation

California Report Card 2008: The State of the State's Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Children Now, 2008

2008-01-01

The California Report Card provides a clear, complete and concise picture of the state of the state's children along with recommendations for how we can better support our children through new and improved public policies. It assigns letter grades to such key indicators as health insurance, oral health, asthma, mental health, infant health,…

Quantum State Diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Percival, Ian

2005-10-01

1. Introduction; 2. Brownian motion and Itô calculus; 3. Open quantum systems; 4. Quantum state diffusion; 5. Localisation; 6. Numerical methods and examples; 7. Quantum foundations; 8. Primary state diffusion; 9. Classical dynamics of quantum localisation; 10. Semiclassical theory and linear dynamics.

Teleportation of a two-qubit arbitrary unknown state using a four-qubit genuine entangled state with the combination of bell-state measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dong, Li; Xiu, Xiao-Ming, E-mail: xiuxiaomingdl@126.com; Ren, Yuan-Peng

2013-01-15

We propose a protocol transferring an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state using the quantum channel of a four-qubit genuine entangled state. Simplifying the four-qubit joint measurement to the combination of Bell-state measurements, it can be realized more easily with currently available technologies.

State and National Contexts in Evaluating Cannabis Laws: A Case Study of Washington State.

PubMed

Cambron, Christopher; Guttmannova, Katarina; Fleming, Charles B

2017-01-01

As of January 2016, 23 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical or nonmedical cannabis, with more likely to follow. This dynamic policy context represents a substantial challenge for policy evaluation. Part I of this article provides a summary of state-level cannabis policy components across states and federal action regarding state-level policies. Part II presents a detailed history of cannabis policies in Washington State from 1998 to 2015 and analyzes the potential impacts of the policy changes on cannabis supply and demand. As an early adopter of both medical and nonmedical cannabis policies, Washington State provides an excellent example of the key elements to be considered in evaluating the relationship between policy changes and cannabis use. We highlight the importance of the interplay of federal enforcement priorities and previously adopted state-level cannabis regimes in interpreting the potential impacts of new cannabis policies.

State and National Contexts in Evaluating Cannabis Laws: A Case Study of Washington State

PubMed Central

Cambron, Christopher; Guttmannova, Katarina; Fleming, Charles B.

2017-01-01

As of January 2016, 23 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical or nonmedical cannabis, with more likely to follow. This dynamic policy context represents a substantial challenge for policy evaluation. Part I of this article provides a summary of state-level cannabis policy components across states and federal action regarding state-level policies. Part II presents a detailed history of cannabis policies in Washington State from 1998 to 2015 and analyzes the potential impacts of the policy changes on cannabis supply and demand. As an early adopter of both medical and nonmedical cannabis policies, Washington State provides an excellent example of the key elements to be considered in evaluating the relationship between policy changes and cannabis use. We highlight the importance of the interplay of federal enforcement priorities and previously adopted state-level cannabis regimes in interpreting the potential impacts of new cannabis policies. PMID:28458396

Terrorism preparedness in state health departments--United States, 2001-2003.

PubMed

2003-10-31

The anthrax attacks in fall 2001 highlighted the role of infectious disease (ID) epidemiologists in terrorism preparedness and response. Beginning in 2002, state health departments (SHDs) received approximately 1 billion dollars in new federal funding to prepare for and respond to terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and other public health threats and emergencies. This funding is being used in part to improve epidemiologic and surveillance capabilities. To determine how states have used a portion of their new funding to increase ID epidemiology capacity, the Iowa Department of Public Health's Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology and the Iowa State University Department of Microbiology conducted two surveys of U.S. state epidemiologists during September 2000-August 2001 and October 2002-June 2003. This report summarizes the results of these surveys, which determined that although the number of SHD epidemiology workers assigned to ID and terrorism preparedness increased by 132%, concerns remained regarding the ability of SHDs to hire qualified personnel. These findings underscore the need to develop additional and more diverse training venues for current and future ID epidemiologists.

State of the States 2009. Renewable Energy Development and the Role of Policy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doris, Elizabeth; McLaren, Joyce; Healey, Victoria

2009-10-01

This report tracks the progress of U.S. renewable energy development at the state level, with metrics on development status and reviews of relevant policies. The analysis offers state-by-state policy suggestions and develops performance-based evaluation metrics to accelerate and improve renewable energy development.

Certified Nurse Aide scope of practice: state-by-state differences in allowable delegated activities.

PubMed

McMullen, Tara L; Resnick, Barbara; Chin-Hansen, Jennie; Geiger-Brown, Jeanne M; Miller, Nancy; Rubenstein, Robert

2015-01-01

To gain a better understanding of the state-by-state differences in allowable delegated activities for Certified Nurse Aides (CNAs) working in long-term care settings, this exploratory descriptive study assessed what are the allowable tasks for CNAs based on findings from each state board of nursing. Specifically, findings from each state determined whether the care tasks allowed were consistent with those delineated by the 42 CFR § 483. This descriptive study included data drawn from all 50 states' regulatory offices or health care services agencies. Data were obtained from the regulations listed on each state's board of nursing, department of health, department of aging, department of health professions, department of commerce, and office of long-term care, among like agencies. The Code of Federal regulations (42 CFR § 483) listed 9 tasks that are allowable by each state. These tasks are identified as items 1 to 9: (1) personal care skills, (2) safety/emergency procedures, (3) basic nursing skills, (4) infection control, (5) communication and interpersonal skills, (6) care of cognitively impaired residents, (7) basic restorative care, (8) mental health and social service needs, and (9) residents' rights. Nine tasks delineated in the 42 CFR § 483 were identified as allowable in each state. On data analysis, it was found that 11 states noted that CNAs were able to perform workplace tasks that could be considered "expanded" care tasks, tasks beyond the basic care tasks listed in the 42 CFR § 483. Findings from this exploratory study aid in limiting the confusion around the application of workplace duties across states, providing a useful description of the care tasks CNAs are allowed to perform in an attempt to find uniformity state-by-state. Overall, states reported considering expanding the scope of practice or authorized duties for CNAs to strengthen patient care and safety. States may choose to expand CNA authorized duties so as to equip CNAs with specific

Entropy of the Bose-Einstein-condensate ground state: Correlation versus ground-state entropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Moochan B.; Svidzinsky, Anatoly; Agarwal, Girish S.; Scully, Marlan O.

2018-01-01

Calculation of the entropy of an ideal Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a three-dimensional trap reveals unusual, previously unrecognized, features of the canonical ensemble. It is found that, for any temperature, the entropy of the Bose gas is equal to the entropy of the excited particles although the entropy of the particles in the ground state is nonzero. We explain this by considering the correlations between the ground-state particles and particles in the excited states. These correlations lead to a correlation entropy which is exactly equal to the contribution from the ground state. The correlations themselves arise from the fact that we have a fixed number of particles obeying quantum statistics. We present results for correlation functions between the ground and excited states in a Bose gas, so as to clarify the role of fluctuations in the system. We also report the sub-Poissonian nature of the ground-state fluctuations.

20 CFR 650.4 - Review of State law and criteria for review of State compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... criteria for review of State compliance. (a) A State law will satisfy the requirements of § 650.3(a) if it... administratively feasible. (b) A State will be deemed to comply substantially with the State law requirements set forth in § 650.3(a) with respect to first level appeals, the State has issued at least 60 percent of all...

Getting Certified in 50 States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perritt, Patsy H.

2000-01-01

Presents school librarian certification requirements in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, alphabetically by state in two tables: "Certification Requirements" (listing state/date; certificate or endorsement; educational program, experience and recommendation; tests) and "Knowledge/Subject Areas/Competencies" (listing state;…

Changing State Digital Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pappas, Marjorie L.

2006-01-01

Research has shown that state virtual or digital libraries are evolving into websites that are loaded with free resources, subscription databases, and instructional tools. In this article, the author explores these evolving libraries based on the following questions: (1) How user-friendly are the state digital libraries?; (2) How do state digital…

Deterministic Assisted Clone of an Arbitrary Two- and Three-qubit States via Multi-qubit Brown State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Kui; Zhu, Cheng-Jie; Yang, Ya-Ping

2017-08-01

We present two schemes for deterministic assisted clone(DAC) of an unknown two- and three-qubit entangled states with assistance via muti-qubit Brown state. In the schemes, the sender wish to teleport an unknown original entangled state which from the state preparer, and then create a perfect copy of the unknown state at her place. The DAC schemes include two stages. The first stage requires teleportation with Bell-state measurements via a five-qubit Brown state(or seven-qubit Brown state) as the quantum channel. In the second stage, to help the sender realize the quantum cloning, the state preparer performs projective measurements on their own particles which from the sender, then the sender can acquire a perfect copy of the unknown state by means of some appropriate unitary operations. Furthermore, the total success probability for assisted cloning a perfect copy of the unknown state can reach 1 in our schemes.