Performance analyses of Z-source and quasi Z-source inverter for photovoltaic applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Himabind, S.; Priya, T. Hari; Manjeera, Ch.
2018-04-01
This paper presents the comparative analysis of Z-source and Quasi Z-source converter for renewable energy applications. Due to the dependency of renewable energy sources on external weather conditions the output voltage, current changes accordingly which effects the performance of traditional voltage source and current source inverters connected across it. To overcome the drawbacks of VSI and CSI, Z-source and Quasi Z-source inverter (QZSI) are used, which can perform multiple tasks like ac-to-dc, dc-to-ac, ac-to-ac, dc-to-dc conversion. They can be used for both buck and boost operations, by utilizing the shoot-through zero state. The QZSI is derived from the ZSI topology, with a slight change in the impedance network and it overcomes the drawbacks of ZSI. The QZSI draws a constant current from the source when compared to ZSI. A comparative analysis is performed between Z-source and Quasi Z-source inverter, simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
A Single-Phase Embedded Z-Source DC-AC Inverter
Kim, Se-Jin; Lim, Young-Cheol
2014-01-01
In the conventional DC-AC inverter consisting of two DC-DC converters with unipolar output capacitors, the output capacitor voltages of the DC-DC converters must be higher than the DC input voltage. To overcome this weakness, this paper proposes a single-phase DC-AC inverter consisting of two embedded Z-source converters with bipolar output capacitors. The proposed inverter is composed of two embedded Z-source converters with a common DC source and output AC load. Though the output capacitor voltages of the converters are relatively low compared to those of a conventional inverter, an equivalent level of AC output voltages can be obtained. Moreover, by controlling the output capacitor voltages asymmetrically, the AC output voltage of the proposed inverter can be higher than the DC input voltage. To verify the validity of the proposed inverter, experiments were performed with a DC source voltage of 38 V. By controlling the output capacitor voltages of the converters symmetrically or asymmetrically, the proposed inverter can produce sinusoidal AC output voltages. The experiments show that efficiencies of up to 95% and 97% can be achieved with the proposed inverter using symmetric and asymmetric control, respectively. PMID:25133241
A single-phase embedded Z-source DC-AC inverter.
Kim, Se-Jin; Lim, Young-Cheol
2014-01-01
In the conventional DC-AC inverter consisting of two DC-DC converters with unipolar output capacitors, the output capacitor voltages of the DC-DC converters must be higher than the DC input voltage. To overcome this weakness, this paper proposes a single-phase DC-AC inverter consisting of two embedded Z-source converters with bipolar output capacitors. The proposed inverter is composed of two embedded Z-source converters with a common DC source and output AC load. Though the output capacitor voltages of the converters are relatively low compared to those of a conventional inverter, an equivalent level of AC output voltages can be obtained. Moreover, by controlling the output capacitor voltages asymmetrically, the AC output voltage of the proposed inverter can be higher than the DC input voltage. To verify the validity of the proposed inverter, experiments were performed with a DC source voltage of 38 V. By controlling the output capacitor voltages of the converters symmetrically or asymmetrically, the proposed inverter can produce sinusoidal AC output voltages. The experiments show that efficiencies of up to 95% and 97% can be achieved with the proposed inverter using symmetric and asymmetric control, respectively.
Analysis of Extended Z-source Inverter for Photovoltaic System
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Prakash, G.; Subramani, C.; Dhineshkumar, K.; Rayavel, P.
2018-04-01
The Z-source inverter has picked up prominence as a solitary stage buck-support inverter topology among numerous specialists. Notwithstanding, its boosting capacity could be constrained, and in this manner, it may not be reasonable for a few applications requiring high lift request of falling other dc-dc help converters. The Z-source inverter is a recent converter topology that exhibits both voltage-buck and voltage-boost capability This could lose the effectiveness and request all the more detecting for controlling the additional new stages. This paper is proposing another group of broadened help semi Z - source inverter (ZSI) to fill the exploration hole left in the improvement of ZSI. These new topologies can be worked with same regulation strategies that were produced for unique ZSI. Likewise, they have a similar number of dynamic switches as unique ZSI saving the single-organize nature of ZSI. Proposed topologies are dissected in the enduring state and their exhibitions are approved utilizing recreated comes about acquired in MATLAB/Simulink. Besides, they are tentatively approved with comes about acquired from a model created in the research facility. The trend of fast increase of the PV energy use is related to the increasing efficiency of solar cells as well as the improvements of manufacturing technology of solar panels.
Induced over voltage test on transformers using enhanced Z-source inverter based circuit
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Peter, Geno; Sherine, Anli
2017-09-01
The normal life of a transformer is well above 25 years. The economical operation of the distribution system has its roots in the equipments being used. The economy being such, that it is financially advantageous to replace transformers with more than 15 years of service in the second perennial market. Testing of transformer is required, as its an indication of the extent to which a transformer can comply with the customers specified requirements and the respective standards (IEC 60076-3). In this paper, induced over voltage testing on transformers using enhanced Z source inverter is discussed. Power electronic circuits are now essential for a whole array of industrial electronic products. The bulky motor generator set, which is used to generate the required frequency to conduct the induced over voltage testing of transformers is nowadays replaced by static frequency converter. First conventional Z-source inverter, and second an enhanced Z source inverter is being used to generate the required voltage and frequency to test the transformer for induced over voltage test, and its characteristics is analysed.
Zhang, Qianfan; Dong, Shuai; Xue, Ping; Zhou, Chaowei; Cheng, ShuKang
2014-01-01
A novel modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM) strategy for Z-Source inverter is presented. By rearranging the position of shoot-through states, the frequency of inductor current ripple is kept constant. Compared with existing MSVPWM strategies, the proposed approach can reduce the maximum inductor current ripple. So the volume of Z-source network inductor can be designed smaller, which brings the beneficial effect on the miniaturization of the electric vehicle controller. Theoretical findings in the novel MSVPWM for Z-Source inverter have been verified by experiment results.
Zhang, Qianfan; Dong, Shuai; Xue, Ping; Zhou, Chaowei; Cheng, ShuKang
2014-01-01
A novel modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM) strategy for Z-Source inverter is presented. By rearranging the position of shoot-through states, the frequency of inductor current ripple is kept constant. Compared with existing MSVPWM strategies, the proposed approach can reduce the maximum inductor current ripple. So the volume of Z-source network inductor can be designed smaller, which brings the beneficial effect on the miniaturization of the electric vehicle controller. Theoretical findings in the novel MSVPWM for Z-Source inverter have been verified by experiment results. PMID:24883412
A Discrete-Time Average Model Based Predictive Control for Quasi-Z-Source Inverter
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Liu, Yushan; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Xue, Yaosuo
A discrete-time average model-based predictive control (DTA-MPC) is proposed for a quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI). As a single-stage inverter topology, the qZSI regulates the dc-link voltage and the ac output voltage through the shoot-through (ST) duty cycle and the modulation index. Several feedback strategies have been dedicated to produce these two control variables, among which the most popular are the proportional–integral (PI)-based control and the conventional model-predictive control (MPC). However, in the former, there are tradeoffs between fast response and stability; the latter is robust, but at the cost of high calculation burden and variable switching frequency. Moreover, they require anmore » elaborated design or fine tuning of controller parameters. The proposed DTA-MPC predicts future behaviors of the ST duty cycle and modulation signals, based on the established discrete-time average model of the quasi-Z-source (qZS) inductor current, the qZS capacitor voltage, and load currents. The prediction actions are applied to the qZSI modulator in the next sampling instant, without the need of other controller parameters’ design. A constant switching frequency and significantly reduced computations are achieved with high performance. Transient responses and steady-state accuracy of the qZSI system under the proposed DTA-MPC are investigated and compared with the PI-based control and the conventional MPC. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the qZSI.« less
A Discrete-Time Average Model Based Predictive Control for Quasi-Z-Source Inverter
Liu, Yushan; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Xue, Yaosuo; ...
2017-12-25
A discrete-time average model-based predictive control (DTA-MPC) is proposed for a quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI). As a single-stage inverter topology, the qZSI regulates the dc-link voltage and the ac output voltage through the shoot-through (ST) duty cycle and the modulation index. Several feedback strategies have been dedicated to produce these two control variables, among which the most popular are the proportional–integral (PI)-based control and the conventional model-predictive control (MPC). However, in the former, there are tradeoffs between fast response and stability; the latter is robust, but at the cost of high calculation burden and variable switching frequency. Moreover, they require anmore » elaborated design or fine tuning of controller parameters. The proposed DTA-MPC predicts future behaviors of the ST duty cycle and modulation signals, based on the established discrete-time average model of the quasi-Z-source (qZS) inductor current, the qZS capacitor voltage, and load currents. The prediction actions are applied to the qZSI modulator in the next sampling instant, without the need of other controller parameters’ design. A constant switching frequency and significantly reduced computations are achieved with high performance. Transient responses and steady-state accuracy of the qZSI system under the proposed DTA-MPC are investigated and compared with the PI-based control and the conventional MPC. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the qZSI.« less
Analysis of High Switching Frequency Quasi-Z-Source Photovoltaic Inverter Using Wide Bandgap Devices
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kayiranga, Thierry
Power inverters continue to play a key role in todays electrical system more than ever. Power inverters employ power semiconductors to converter direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). The performance of the semiconductors is based on speed and efficiency. Until recently, Silicon (Si) semiconductors had been established as mature. However, the continuous optimization and improvements in the production process of Si to meet today technology requirements have pushed Si materials to their theoretical limits. In an effort to find a suitable replacement, wide bandgap devices mainly Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC), have proved to be excellent candidates offering high operation temperature, high blocking voltage and high switching frequency; of which the latter makes GaN a better candidate in high switching low voltage in Distributed Generations (DG). The single stage Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (qZSI) is also able to draw continuous and constant current from the source making ideal for PV applications in addition to allowing shoot-through states. The qZSI find best applications in medium level ranges where multiples qZS inverters can be cascaded (qZS-CMI) by combining the benefit of the qZSI, boost capabilities and continuous and constant input current, and those of the CMI, low output harmonic content and independent MPPT. When used with GaN devices operating at very high frequency, the qZS network impedance can be significantly reduced. However, the impedance network becomes asymmetric. The asymmetric impedance network (AIN-qZSI) has several advantages such as increased power density, increases system lifetime, small size volume and size making it more attractive for module integrated converter (MIC) concepts. However, there are technical challenges. With asymmetric component, resonance is introduced in the system leading to more losses and audible noise. With small inductances, new operation states become available further increasing the system
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Xue, Yaosuo
The battery energy stored quasi-Z-source (BES-qZS) based photovoltaic (PV) power generation system combines advantages of the qZS inverter and the battery energy storage system. However, the second harmonic (2 ) power ripple will degrade the system's performance and affect the system's design. An accurate model to analyze the 2 ripple is very important. The existing models did not consider the battery, and with the assumption L1=L2 and C1=C2, which causes the non-optimized design for the impedance parameters of qZS network. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for single-phase BES-qZS-PV inverter system, where the battery is considered and without any restrictionmore » of L1, L2, C1, and C2. A BES-qZS impedance design method based on the built model is proposed to mitigate the 2 ripple. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed 2 ripple model and design method.« less
Stabilization and tracking control of X-Z inverted pendulum with sliding-mode control.
Wang, Jia-Jun
2012-11-01
X-Z inverted pendulum is a new kind of inverted pendulum which can move with the combination of the vertical and horizontal forces. Through a new transformation, the X-Z inverted pendulum is decomposed into three simple models. Based on the simple models, sliding-mode control is applied to stabilization and tracking control of the inverted pendulum. The performance of the sliding mode control is compared with that of the PID control. Simulation results show that the design scheme of sliding-mode control is effective for the stabilization and tracking control of the X-Z inverted pendulum. Copyright © 2012 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Teruya, Daisuke; Masukawa, Shigeo; Iida, Shoji
We propose a novel inverter that can be operated either as a Current Source Inverter (CSI) or as a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) by changing only the control signals. It is proper to apply it to the interconnecting system with renewal energy, such as photovoltaic cells or wind generation systems, to a grid. This inverter is usually operated as the CSI connected to the grid. Even if the energy source has a lower voltage than the grid, the energy can be supplied to the grid through the proposed inverter. The power factor can be briefly maintained at almost unity. When power supply from the grid is interrupted, the proposed circuit should be operated as the VSI in the stand-alone operation mode. In this way, the circuit can maintain a constant output voltage to the loads. In this paper, the proposed circuit configuration and the control schemes for both the CSI and the VSI are described. Further, the circuit characteristics for both are discussed experimentally.
Trans-nipple double Z-plasty for benign periareolar disease with inverted nipple.
Lee, Jeeyeon; Lee, Seokwon; Bae, Youngtae
2013-04-01
Various surgical procedures have been reported for correction of inverted nipples. The authors herein report a new procedure, "the trans-nipple double Z-plasty," for correction of inverted nipples combined with periareolar disease requiring excision. From July 2010 to June 2012, 11 unilateral inverted nipples with other benign periareolar diseases were treated with this technique. A midline incision and 5-mm Z-incisions were designed on the nipple-areola complex toward the direction of the combined breast disease. After removal of combined benign disease through the trans-nipple double Z-plasty incision, the defect was filled with surrounding breast tissue, and the inverted nipple was corrected. One case of partial necrosis improved with conservative treatment. No recurrence was reported during the follow-up period. Five patients each assessed the cosmetic result as excellent and good. The trans-nipple double Z-plasty is an easy and useful technique for simultaneous management of periareolar disease with an inverted nipple. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Voltage control in Z-source inverter using low cost microcontroller for undergraduate approach
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zulkifli, Shamsul Aizam; Sewang, Mohd Rizal; Salimin, Suriana; Shah, Noor Mazliza Badrul
2017-09-01
This paper is focussing on controlling the output voltage of Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) using a low cost microcontroller with MATLAB-Simulink that has been used for interfacing the voltage control at the output of ZSI. The key advantage of this system is the ability of a low cost microcontroller to process the voltage control blocks based on the mathematical equations created in MATLAB-Simulink. The Proportional Integral (PI) control equations are been applied and then, been downloaded to the microcontroller for observing the changes on the voltage output regarding to the changes on the reference on the PI. The system has been simulated in MATLAB and been verified with the hardware setup. As the results, the Raspberry Pi and Arduino that have been used in this work are able to respond well when there is a change of ZSI output. It proofed that, by applying/introducing this method to student in undergraduate level, it will help the student to understand more on the process of the power converter combine with a control feedback function that can be applied at low cost microcontroller.
Liu, Yushan; Ge, Baoming; Abu-Rub, Haitham; ...
2016-06-14
In this study, the active power filter (APF) that consists of a half-bridge leg and an ac capacitor is integrated in the single-phase quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) in this paper to avoid the second harmonic power flowing into the dc side. The capacitor of APF buffers the second harmonic power of the load, and the ac capacitor allows highly pulsating ac voltage, so that the capacitances of both dc and ac sides can be small. A model predictive direct power control (DPC) is further proposed to achieve the purpose of this newtopology through predicting the capacitor voltage of APF at eachmore » sampling period and ensuring the APF power to track the second harmonic power of single-phase qZSI. Simulation and experimental results verify the model predictive DPC for the APF-integrated single-phase qZSI.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Liu, Yushan; Ge, Baoming; Abu-Rub, Haitham
In this study, the active power filter (APF) that consists of a half-bridge leg and an ac capacitor is integrated in the single-phase quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) in this paper to avoid the second harmonic power flowing into the dc side. The capacitor of APF buffers the second harmonic power of the load, and the ac capacitor allows highly pulsating ac voltage, so that the capacitances of both dc and ac sides can be small. A model predictive direct power control (DPC) is further proposed to achieve the purpose of this newtopology through predicting the capacitor voltage of APF at eachmore » sampling period and ensuring the APF power to track the second harmonic power of single-phase qZSI. Simulation and experimental results verify the model predictive DPC for the APF-integrated single-phase qZSI.« less
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
Peng, Fang Zheng; Lai, Jih-Sheng
1997-01-01
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations.
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
Peng, Fang Zheng; Lai, Jih-Sheng
2002-01-01
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations.
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
Peng, Fang Zheng; Lai, Jih-Sheng
2001-04-03
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations.
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with separate DC sources
Peng, F.Z.; Lai, J.S.
1997-06-24
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations. 15 figs.
Radio spectra of bright compact sources at z > 4.5
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Coppejans, Rocco; van Velzen, Sjoert; Intema, Huib T.; Müller, Cornelia; Frey, Sándor; Coppejans, Deanne L.; Cseh, Dávid; Williams, Wendy L.; Falcke, Heino; Körding, Elmar G.; Orrú, Emanuela; Paragi, Zsolt; Gabányi, Krisztina É.
2017-05-01
High-redshift quasars are important to study galaxy and active galactic nuclei evolution, test cosmological models and study supermassive black hole growth. Optical searches for high-redshift sources have been very successful, but radio searches are not hampered by dust obscuration and should be more effective at finding sources at even higher redshifts. Identifying high-redshift sources based on radio data is, however, not trivial. Here we report on new multifrequency Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of eight z > 4.5 sources previously studied at high angular resolution with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Combining these observations with those from the literature, we construct broad-band radio spectra of all 30 z > 4.5 sources that have been observed with VLBI. In the sample we found flat, steep and peaked spectra in approximately equal proportions. Despite several selection effects, we conclude that the z > 4.5 VLBI (and likely also non-VLBI) sources have diverse spectra and that only about a quarter of the sources in the sample have flat spectra. Previously, the majority of high-redshift radio sources were identified based on their ultrasteep spectra. Recently, a new method has been proposed to identify these objects based on their megahertz-peaked spectra. No method would have identified more than 18 per cent of the high-redshift sources in this sample. More effective methods are necessary to reliably identify complete samples of high-redshift sources based on radio data.
VizieR Online Data Catalog: z=4.5 and z=5.7 LAEs properties with Spitzer (Finkelstein+, 2015)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Finkelstein, K. D.; Finkelstein, S. L.; Tilvi, V.; Malhotra, S.; Rhoads, J. E.; Grogin, N. A.; Pirzkal, N.; Dey, A.; Jannuzi, B. T.; Mobasher, B.; Pakzad, S.; Salmon, B.; Wang, J.
2017-10-01
The LAEs targeted by the Spitzer survey were discovered by the Large Area Lyman Alpha (LALA) Survey (Rhoads et al. 2000ApJ...545L..85R), which includes the Bootes field and has accompanying deep broadband imaging in B, V, R, I, and z' bands taken with the MOSAIC camera on the 4 m Mayall telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. To select the z=4.5 and 5.7 LAE candidates the following criteria were used: (1) a secure detection (>5σ) in the narrowband filter; (2) a strong narrowband excess, i.e., the flux density in the narrowband should exceed that in the broadband at the 4σ level, this is done by requiring a narrowband-broadband color <-0.75 mag; and (3) no flux at wavelengths shorter than the expected Lyman break. The last condition implies that at z=4.5, sources are undetected in the B-band, while for z=5.7 sources, they are undetected in both the B-band and V-band. (5 data files).
Observation of Z_{b}(10610) and Z_{b}(10650) Decaying to B Mesons.
Garmash, A; Abdesselam, A; Adachi, I; Aihara, H; Asner, D M; Aushev, T; Ayad, R; Aziz, T; Babu, V; Badhrees, I; Bakich, A M; Behera, P; Bhardwaj, V; Bhuyan, B; Bobrov, A; Bondar, A; Bonvicini, G; Bozek, A; Bračko, M; Browder, T E; Červenkov, D; Chekelian, V; Chen, A; Cheon, B G; Chilikin, K; Cho, K; Chobanova, V; Choi, Y; Cinabro, D; Dalseno, J; Danilov, M; Dash, N; Doležal, Z; Drutskoy, A; Dutta, D; Eidelman, S; Epifanov, D; Farhat, H; Fast, J E; Ferber, T; Fulsom, B G; Gaur, V; Gabyshev, N; Gillard, R; Goh, Y M; Goldenzweig, P; Golob, B; Hara, T; Hayasaka, K; Hayashii, H; Iijima, T; Ishikawa, A; Itoh, R; Iwasaki, Y; Jaegle, I; Joffe, D; Joo, K K; Julius, T; Kang, K H; Kato, E; Kawasaki, T; Kim, D Y; Kim, J B; Kim, K T; Kim, M J; Kim, S H; Kim, Y J; Kinoshita, K; Korpar, S; Križan, P; Krokovny, P; Kuhr, T; Kuzmin, A; Kwon, Y-J; Lange, J S; Lee, I S; Li, C; Li, H; Li, L; Li Gioi, L; Libby, J; Liventsev, D; Lukin, P; Masuda, M; Matvienko, D; Miyabayashi, K; Miyata, H; Mizuk, R; Mohanty, G B; Moll, A; Mori, T; Mussa, R; Nakano, E; Nakao, M; Nanut, T; Natkaniec, Z; Nishida, S; Olsen, S L; Pakhlov, P; Pakhlova, G; Pal, B; Park, H; Pedlar, T K; Pestotnik, R; Petrič, M; Piilonen, L E; Pulvermacher, C; Ribežl, E; Ritter, M; Rostomyan, A; Sahoo, H; Sakai, Y; Sandilya, S; Sanuki, T; Savinov, V; Schneider, O; Schnell, G; Schwanda, C; Seino, Y; Semmler, D; Senyo, K; Seong, I S; Sevior, M E; Shebalin, V; Shen, C P; Shibata, T-A; Shiu, J-G; Shwartz, B; Simon, F; Sohn, Y-S; Solovieva, E; Starič, M; Sumiyoshi, T; Tamponi, U; Tanida, K; Teramoto, Y; Trabelsi, K; Uchida, M; Uehara, S; Uglov, T; Uno, S; Van Hulse, C; Vanhoefer, P; Varner, G; Vorobyev, V; Wagner, M N; Wang, C H; Wang, M-Z; Wang, P; Watanabe, Y; Williams, K M; Won, E; Yamamoto, H; Yamaoka, J; Yashchenko, S; Yelton, J; Yook, Y; Yuan, C Z; Zhang, Z P; Zhilich, V; Zhulanov, V; Zupanc, A
2016-05-27
We report the analysis of the three-body e^{+}e^{-}→BB[over ¯]π^{±}, BB[over ¯]^{*}π^{±}, and B^{*}B[over ¯]^{*}π^{±} processes, including the first observations of the Z_{b}^{±}(10610)→[BB[over ¯]^{*}+c.c.]^{±} and Z_{b}^{±}(10650)→[B^{*}B[over ¯]^{*}]^{±} transitions that are found to dominate the corresponding final states. We measure Born cross sections for the three-body production of σ(e^{+}e^{-}→[BB[over ¯]^{*}+c.c.]^{±}π^{∓})=[17.4±1.6(stat)±1.9(syst)] pb and σ(e^{+}e^{-}→[B^{*}B[over ¯]^{*}]^{±}π^{∓})=[8.75±1.15(stat)±1.04(syst)] pb and set a 90% C.L. upper limit of σ(e^{+}e^{-}→[BB[over ¯
Electric machine and current source inverter drive system
Hsu, John S
2014-06-24
A drive system includes an electric machine and a current source inverter (CSI). This integration of an electric machine and an inverter uses the machine's field excitation coil for not only flux generation in the machine but also for the CSI inductor. This integration of the two technologies, namely the U machine motor and the CSI, opens a new chapter for the component function integration instead of the traditional integration by simply placing separate machine and inverter components in the same housing. Elimination of the CSI inductor adds to the CSI volumetric reduction of the capacitors and the elimination of PMs for the motor further improve the drive system cost, weight, and volume.
RK(*) and related b →s ℓℓ¯ anomalies in minimal flavor violation framework with Z' boson
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chiang, Cheng-Wei; He, Xiao-Gang; Tandean, Jusak; Yuan, Xing-Bo
2017-12-01
A recent LHCb measurement of the ratio RK* of B →K*μ μ ¯ to B →K*e e ¯ branching fractions has produced results in mild tension with the standard model (SM). This adds to the known anomalies also induced by the b →s ℓℓ ¯ transitions, resulting in a confidence level now as high as 4 σ . We analyze whether the parameter space preferred by all the b →s ℓℓ¯ anomalies is compatible with a heavy Z' boson assumed to have nonuniversal couplings to SM fermions dictated by the principle of minimal flavor violation (MFV). We deal with the MFV couplings of the Z' to leptons in the context of the type-I seesaw scenario for generating neutrino masses. The flavor-violating Z' interactions are subject to stringent constraints from other processes, especially B -B ¯ mixing, charged lepton decays ℓi→ℓjℓkℓ¯ l occurring at tree level, and the loop induced μ →e γ . We perform scans for parameter regions allowed by various data and predict the ranges for a number of observables. Some of the predictions, such as the branching fractions of lepton-flavor violating τ →3 μ , B →K e μ , KL→e μ , and Z →ℓℓ', are not far below their experimental bounds and therefore could be probed by searches in the near future. The viable parameter space depends strongly on the neutrino mass hierarchy, with a preference for the inverted one.
Transition between B-DNA and Z-DNA: free energy landscape for the B-Z junction propagation.
Lee, Juyong; Kim, Yang-Gyun; Kim, Kyeong Kyu; Seok, Chaok
2010-08-05
Canonical, right-handed B-DNA can be transformed into noncanonical, left-handed Z-DNA in vitro at high salt concentrations or in vivo under physiological conditions. The molecular mechanism of this drastic conformational transition is still unknown despite numerous studies. Inspired by the crystal structure of a B-Z junction and the previous zipper model, we show here, with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, that a stepwise propagation of a B-Z junction is a highly probable pathway for the B-Z transition. In this paper, the movement of a B-Z junction by a two-base-pair step in a double-strand nonamer, [d(GpCpGpCpGpCpGpCpG)](2), is considered. Targeted molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling for this transition resulted in a transition pathway with a free energy barrier of 13 kcal/mol. This barrier is much more favorable than those obtained from previous atomistic simulations that lead to concerted transitions of the whole strands. The free energy difference between B-DNA and Z-DNA evaluated from our simulation is 0.9 kcal/mol per dinucleotide unit, which is consistent with previous experiments. The current computation thus strongly supports the proposal that the B-Z transition involves a relatively fast extension of B-DNA or Z-DNA by sequential propagation of B-Z junctions once nucleation of junctions is established.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cao, Dong
-isolated or isolated PV inverter. For the non-isolated transformer-less solution, a semi-Z-source inverter for single phase photovoltaic systems has been proposed. The proposed semi-Z-source inverter utilizes only two switching devices with doubly grounded feature. The total cost have been reduced, the safety and EMI issues caused by the high frequency ground current are solved. For the transformer isolated solution, a boost half-bridge dc-ac micro-inverter has been proposed. The proposed boost half-bridge dc-dc converter utilizes only two switching devices with zero voltage switching features which is able to reduce the total system cost and power loss.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guerra, Erick; Pultar, R.
2010-05-01
Several galaxies have been selected for an exploratory campaign with 0.4-meter telescope atop Science Hall at Rowan University. These galaxies exhibit inverted radio spectra on the basis of fluxes in the GB6 and VLA FIRST catalogs and have SDSS magnitudes in g-band less than 15.5. The results of V and R band photometry of theses galaxies are presented. Photometry from multiple nights will be examined to explore variability on the timescales of days or weeks. Targets in the sample include Markarian 668 and NGC 5635. These are the first results from an ongoing campaign to expand the function of the observatory atop Science Hall. The authors would like to acknowledge Ric and Jean Edelman for their gift that funded the 0.4-meter telescope.
On conditions for invertibility of difference and differential operators in weight spaces
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bichegkuev, Mairbek S.
2011-08-01
We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the invertibility of the difference operator D_E\\colon D(D_E)\\subset l^p_\\alpha \\to l^p_\\alpha, (D_E x)(n)=x(n+1)-Bx(n), n\\in {Z}_+, whose domain D(D_E) is given by the condition x(0)\\in E, where l^p_\\alpha=l^p_\\alpha({Z}_+,X), p\\in \\lbrack 1,\\infty \\rbrack , is the Banach space of sequences (of vectors in a Banach space X) summable with weight \\alpha\\colon{Z}_+\\to (0,\\infty) for p\\in \\lbrack 1,\\infty) and bounded with respect to \\alpha for p=\\infty, B\\colon X\\to X is a bounded linear operator, and E is a closed B-invariant subspace of X. We give applications to the invertibility of differential operators with an unbounded operator coefficient (the generator of a strongly continuous operator semigroup) in weight spaces of functions.
Measurements of {Gamma}(Z{sup O} {yields} b{bar b})/{Gamma}(Z{sup O} {yields} hadrons) using the SLD
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Neal, H.A. Jr. II
1995-07-01
The quantity R{sub b} = {Gamma}(Z{sup o} {yields}b{bar b})/{Gamma}(Z{sup o} {yields} hadrons) is a sensitive measure of corrections to the Zbb vertex. The precision necessary to observe the top quark mass dependent corrections is close to being achieved. LEP is already observing a 1.8{sigma} deviation from the Standard Model prediction. Knowledge of the top quark mass combined with the observation of deviations from the Standard Model prediction would indicate new physics. Models which include charged Higgs or light SUSY particles yield predictions for R{sub b} appreciably different from the Standard Model. In this thesis two independent methods are used tomore » measure R{sub b}. One uses a general event tag which determines R{sub b} from the rate at which events are tagged as Z{sup o} {yields} b{bar b} in data and the estimated rates at which various flavors of events are tagged from the Monte Carlo. The second method reduces the reliance on the Monte Carlo by separately tagging each hemisphere as containing a b-decay. The rates of single hemisphere tagged events and both hemisphere tagged events are used to determine the tagging efficiency for b-quarks directly from the data thus eliminating the main sources of systematic error present in the event tag. Both measurements take advantage of the unique environment provided by the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) and the SLAC Large Detector (SLD). From the event tag a result of R{sub b} = 0.230{plus_minus}0.004{sub statistical}{plus_minus}0.013{sub systematic} is obtained. The higher precision hemisphere tag result obtained is R{sub b} = 0.218{plus_minus}0.004{sub statistical}{plus_minus}0.004{sub systematic}{plus_minus}0.003{sub Rc}.« less
The QCD corrections of the process h → ηbZ
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhu, Rong-Fei; Feng, Tai-Fu; Zhang, Hai-Bin
2018-05-01
We investigate the 125 GeV Higgs boson decay to a pseudoscalar quarkonium ηb and Z boson. We calculate the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) one-loop corrections to the branching ratio of the process, Br(h → ηbZ), both in the Standard Model (SM) and in the two Higgs double models (THDM). Adding the QCD one-loop corrections, the branching ratio of h → ηbZ in the SM is Br(h → ηbZ) = (4.739‑0.244+0.276) × 10‑5. The relative correction of that QCD one-loop level relative to the tree level of Br(h → ηbZ) is around 76% in the SM. Similarly, the relative correction in the THDM also can be around 75%. The key parameter, tan β, can affect the relative correction in the THDM.
Current Source Based on H-Bridge Inverter with Output LCL Filter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Blahnik, Vojtech; Talla, Jakub; Peroutka, Zdenek
2015-09-01
The paper deals with a control of current source with an LCL output filter. The controlled current source is realized as a single-phase inverter and output LCL filter provides low ripple of output current. However, systems incorporating LCL filters require more complex control strategies and there are several interesting approaches to the control of this type of converter. This paper presents the inverter control algorithm, which combines model based control with a direct current control based on resonant controllers and single-phase vector control. The primary goal is to reduce the current ripple and distortion under required limits and provides fast and precise control of output current. The proposed control technique is verified by measurements on the laboratory model.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khorunzhev, G. A.; Burenin, R. A.; Meshcheryakov, A. V.; Sazonov, S. Yu.
2016-05-01
We have compiled a catalog of 903 candidates for type 1 quasars at redshifts 3 < z < 5.5 selected among the X-ray sources of the "serendipitous" XMM-Newton survey presented in the 3XMMDR4 catalog (the median X-ray flux is ≈5 × 10-15 erg s-1 cm-2 in the 0.5-2 keV energy band) and located at high Galactic latitudes | b| > 20° in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) fields with a total area of about 300 deg2. Photometric SDSS data as well infrared 2MASS and WISE data were used to select the objects. We selected the point sources from the photometric SDSS catalog with a magnitude error δ mz' < 0.2 and a color i' - z' < 0.6 (to first eliminate the M-type stars). For the selected sources, we have calculated the dependences χ2( z) for various spectral templates from the library that we compiled for these purposes using the EAZY software. Based on these data, we have rejected the objects whose spectral energy distributions are better described by the templates of stars at z = 0 and obtained a sample of quasars with photometric redshift estimates 2.75 < z phot < 5.5. The selection completeness of known quasars at z spec > 3 in the investigated fields is shown to be about 80%. The normalized median absolute deviation (Δ z = | z spec - z phot|) is σ Δ z /(1+ z spec) = 0.07, while the outlier fraction is η = 9% when Δ z/(1 + z cпek.) > 0.2. The number of objects per unit area in our sample exceeds the number of quasars in the spectroscopic SDSS sample at the same redshifts approximately by a factor of 1.5. The subsequent spectroscopic testing of the redshifts of our selected candidates for quasars at 3 < z < 5.5 will allow the purity of this sample to be estimated more accurately.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guo, R. K.; Liu, G. D.; Lin, T. T.; Wang, W.; Wang, L. Y.; Dai, X. F.
2018-02-01
It is predicted that the ZrCrCoZ(Z=B, Al, Ga, In) compounds with LiMnPbSn-type structure are half-metallic ferrimagnets with a large half-metallic gap by the first-principles calculations. The half-metallicity of the ZrCrCoZ(Z=B, Al, Ga, In) compounds are quite robust to the axial and uniaxial strain. The total magnetic moments in per unit cell are 4 μB for the ZrCrCoZ(Z=B, Al, Ga, In) compounds and follow the Slater-Pauling rule, which can be attributed to the great spin-splitting. The calculated formation energies are negative for all the ZrCrCoZ(Z=B, Al, Ga, In) compounds, which indicates that those compounds are in the thermodynamic stability and the possibility of synthesis in experiment.
Development of Three-Phase Source Inverter for Research and Laboratories
2011-03-01
Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1 . AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2 . REPORT DATE March 2011 3. REPORT TYPE AND...THEORY OF OPERATION ................................5 1 . Overview ......................................5 2 . Voltage Source Inverter...29 1 . Low Pass Filter MATLAB Code ..................31 2 . Current Sensor ...............................33 3. Optocouplers
Spectroscopic parameters and decays of the resonance Z_b(10610)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Agaev, S. S.; Azizi, K.; Sundu, H.
2017-12-01
The resonance Z_b(10610) is investigated as the diquark-antidiquark Z_b=[bu][\\overline{bd}] state with spin-parity JP=1+. The mass and current coupling of the resonance Z_b(10610) are evaluated using QCD two-point sum rule and taking into account the vacuum condensates up to ten dimensions. We study the vertices Z_bΥ (nS)π (n=1,2,3) by applying the QCD light-cone sum rule to compute the corresponding strong couplings g_{Z_bΥ (nS)π } and widths of the decays Z_b → Υ (nS)π . We explore also the vertices Z_b hb(mP)π (m=1,2) and calculate the couplings g_{Z_b hb(mP)π } and the widths of the decay channels Z_b → hb(mP)π . To this end, we calculate the mass and decay constants of the h_b(1P) and h_b(2P) mesons. The results obtained are compared with experimental data of the Belle Collaboration.
First observation of forward Z → b b bar production in pp collisions at √{ s } = 8 TeV
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aaij, R.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Alfonso Albero, A.; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Andreassi, G.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, J. E.; Appleby, R. B.; Archilli, F.; d'Argent, P.; Arnau Romeu, J.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Aslanides, E.; Auriemma, G.; Baalouch, M.; Babuschkin, I.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J. J.; Badalov, A.; Baesso, C.; Baker, S.; Balagura, V.; Baldini, W.; Baranov, A.; Barlow, R. J.; Barschel, C.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Baryshnikov, F.; Batozskaya, V.; Battista, V.; Bay, A.; Beaucourt, L.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Beiter, A.; Bel, L. J.; Beliy, N.; Bellee, V.; Belloli, N.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Beranek, S.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Berninghoff, D.; Bertholet, E.; Bertolin, A.; Betancourt, C.; Betti, F.; Bettler, M.-O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bezshyiko, Ia.; Bifani, S.; Billoir, P.; Birnkraut, A.; Bitadze, A.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørn, M.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blouw, J.; Blusk, S.; Bocci, V.; Boettcher, T.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Bonivento, W.; Bordyuzhin, I.; Borgheresi, A.; Borghi, S.; Borisyak, M.; Borsato, M.; Bossu, F.; Boubdir, M.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Bowen, E.; Bozzi, C.; Braun, S.; Britton, T.; Brodzicka, J.; Brundu, D.; Buchanan, E.; Burr, C.; Bursche, A.; Buytaert, J.; Byczynski, W.; Cadeddu, S.; Cai, H.; Calabrese, R.; Calladine, R.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Campora Perez, D. H.; Capriotti, L.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carniti, P.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Cassina, L.; Castillo Garcia, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cavallero, G.; Cenci, R.; Chamont, D.; Chapman, M. G.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chatzikonstantinidis, G.; Chefdeville, M.; Chen, S.; Cheung, S. F.; Chitic, S.-G.; Chobanova, V.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Chubykin, A.; Ciambrone, P.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cogoni, V.; Cojocariu, L.; Collins, P.; Colombo, T.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Cook, A.; Coombs, G.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Corvo, M.; Costa Sobral, C. M.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G. A.; Craik, D. C.; Crocombe, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Da Cunha Marinho, F.; Dall'Occo, E.; Dalseno, J.; Davis, A.; De Aguiar Francisco, O.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Serio, M.; De Simone, P.; Dean, C. T.; Decamp, D.; Del Buono, L.; Dembinski, H.-P.; Demmer, M.; Dendek, A.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Dettori, F.; Dey, B.; Di Canto, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Dijkstra, H.; Dordei, F.; Dorigo, M.; Dosil Suárez, A.; Douglas, L.; Dovbnya, A.; Dreimanis, K.; Dufour, L.; Dujany, G.; Durante, P.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziewiecki, M.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Ebert, M.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; Ely, S.; Esen, S.; Evans, H. M.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Farley, N.; Farry, S.; Fazzini, D.; Federici, L.; Ferguson, D.; Fernandez, G.; Fernandez Declara, P.; Fernandez Prieto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fini, R. A.; Fiore, M.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fleuret, F.; Fohl, K.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forshaw, D. C.; Forty, R.; Franco Lima, V.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Fu, J.; Funk, W.; Furfaro, E.; Färber, C.; Gabriel, E.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gallorini, S.; Gambetta, S.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garcia Martin, L. M.; García Pardiñas, J.; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Garsed, P. J.; Gascon, D.; Gaspar, C.; Gavardi, L.; Gazzoni, G.; Gerick, D.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Ghez, Ph.; Gianì, S.; Gibson, V.; Girard, O. G.; Giubega, L.; Gizdov, K.; Gligorov, V. V.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gorelov, I. V.; Gotti, C.; Govorkova, E.; Grabowski, J. P.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graverini, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greim, R.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Gruber, L.; Gruberg Cazon, B. R.; Grünberg, O.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Göbel, C.; Hadavizadeh, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S. C.; Hamilton, B.; Han, X.; Hancock, T. H.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S. T.; Harrison, J.; Hasse, C.; Hatch, M.; He, J.; Hecker, M.; Heinicke, K.; Heister, A.; Hennessy, K.; Henrard, P.; Henry, L.; van Herwijnen, E.; Heß, M.; Hicheur, A.; Hill, D.; Hombach, C.; Hopchev, P. H.; Huard, Z. C.; Hulsbergen, W.; Humair, T.; Hushchyn, M.; Hutchcroft, D.; Ibis, P.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Jacobsson, R.; Jalocha, J.; Jans, E.; Jawahery, A.; Jiang, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kandybei, S.; Karacson, M.; Kariuki, J. M.; Karodia, S.; Kazeev, N.; Kecke, M.; Kelsey, M.; Kenzie, M.; Ketel, T.; Khairullin, E.; Khanji, B.; Khurewathanakul, C.; Kirn, T.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Klimkovich, T.; Koliiev, S.; Kolpin, M.; Komarov, I.; Kopecna, R.; Koppenburg, P.; Kosmyntseva, A.; Kotriakhova, S.; Kozeiha, M.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreps, M.; Krokovny, P.; Kruse, F.; Krzemien, W.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kuonen, A. K.; Kurek, K.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Lefèvre, R.; Lemaitre, F.; Lemos Cid, E.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, P.-R.; Li, T.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Likhomanenko, T.; Lindner, R.; Lionetto, F.; Lisovskyi, V.; Liu, X.; Loh, D.; Loi, A.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucio Martinez, M.; Luo, H.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Lusiani, A.; Lyu, X.; Machefert, F.; Maciuc, F.; Macko, V.; Mackowiak, P.; Maddrell-Mander, S.; Maev, O.; Maguire, K.; Maisuzenko, D.; Majewski, M. W.; Malde, S.; Malinin, A.; Maltsev, T.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Manning, P.; Marangotto, D.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J. F.; Marconi, U.; Marin Benito, C.; Marinangeli, M.; Marino, P.; Marks, J.; Martellotti, G.; Martin, M.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Martinez Vidal, F.; Martins Tostes, D.; Massacrier, L. M.; Massafferri, A.; Matev, R.; Mathad, A.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mauri, A.; Maurice, E.; Maurin, B.; Mazurov, A.; McCann, M.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Mead, J. V.; Meadows, B.; Meaux, C.; Meier, F.; Meinert, N.; Melnychuk, D.; Merk, M.; Merli, A.; Michielin, E.; Milanes, D. A.; Millard, E.; Minard, M.-N.; Minzoni, L.; Mitzel, D. S.; Mogini, A.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Mombächer, T.; Monroy, I. A.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morello, M. J.; Morgunova, O.; Moron, J.; Morris, A. B.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Mulder, M.; Müller, D.; Müller, J.; Müller, K.; Müller, V.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nandi, A.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Neuner, M.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nieswand, S.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nikodem, T.; Nogay, A.; O'Hanlon, D. P.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Ogilvy, S.; Oldeman, R.; Onderwater, C. J. G.; Ossowska, A.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pais, P. R.; Palano, A.; Palutan, M.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Parker, W.; Parkes, C.; Passaleva, G.; Pastore, A.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Penso, G.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Perret, P.; Pescatore, L.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Petrov, A.; Petruzzo, M.; Picatoste Olloqui, E.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pikies, M.; Pinci, D.; Pisani, F.; Pistone, A.; Piucci, A.; Placinta, V.; Playfer, S.; Plo Casasus, M.; Polci, F.; Poli Lener, M.; Poluektov, A.; Polyakov, I.; Polycarpo, E.; Pomery, G. J.; Ponce, S.; Popov, A.; Popov, D.; Poslavskii, S.; Potterat, C.; Price, E.; Prisciandaro, J.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Pullen, H.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Quagliani, R.; Quintana, B.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rama, M.; Ramos Pernas, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Raniuk, I.; Ratnikov, F.; Raven, G.; Ravonel Salzgeber, M.; Reboud, M.; Redi, F.; Reichert, S.; dos Reis, A. C.; Remon Alepuz, C.; Renaudin, V.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, S.; Rihl, M.; Rinnert, K.; Rives Molina, V.; Robbe, P.; Robert, A.; Rodrigues, A. B.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Lopez, J. A.; Rodriguez Perez, P.; Rogozhnikov, A.; Roiser, S.; Rollings, A.; Romanovskiy, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Ronayne, J. W.; Rotondo, M.; Rudolph, M. S.; Ruf, T.; Ruiz Valls, P.; Ruiz Vidal, J.; Saborido Silva, J. J.; Sadykhov, E.; Sagidova, N.; Saitta, B.; Salustino Guimaraes, V.; Sanchez Mayordomo, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santimaria, M.; Santovetti, E.; Sarpis, G.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Saunders, D. M.; Savrina, D.; Schael, S.; Schellenberg, M.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schlupp, M.; Schmelling, M.; Schmelzer, T.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schreiner, H. F.; Schubert, K.; Schubiger, M.; Schune, M.-H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Semennikov, A.; Sepulveda, E. S.; Sergi, A.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Sestini, L.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shapoval, I.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, V.; Siddi, B. G.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; Simi, G.; Simone, S.; Sirendi, M.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smith, E.; Smith, I. T.; Smith, J.; Smith, M.; Soares Lavra, l.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J. P.; Souza De Paula, B.; Spaan, B.; Spradlin, P.; Sridharan, S.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Stefko, P.; Stefkova, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stemmle, S.; Stenyakin, O.; Stepanova, M.; Stevens, H.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Stracka, S.; Stramaglia, M. E.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Sun, J.; Sun, L.; Sutcliffe, W.; Swientek, K.; Syropoulos, V.; Szczekowski, M.; Szumlak, T.; Szymanski, M.; T'Jampens, S.; Tayduganov, A.; Tekampe, T.; Tellarini, G.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tilley, M. J.; Tisserand, V.; Tobin, M.; Tolk, S.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonelli, D.; Toriello, F.; Tourinho Jadallah Aoude, R.; Tournefier, E.; Traill, M.; Tran, M. T.; Tresch, M.; Trisovic, A.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tsopelas, P.; Tully, A.; Tuning, N.; Ukleja, A.; Usachov, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vacca, C.; Vagner, A.; Vagnoni, V.; Valassi, A.; Valat, S.; Valenti, G.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Vazquez Regueiro, P.; Vecchi, S.; van Veghel, M.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Venkateswaran, A.; Verlage, T. A.; Vernet, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Viana Barbosa, J. V.; Viaud, B.; Vieira, D.; Vieites Diaz, M.; Viemann, H.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vitti, M.; Volkov, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Voneki, B.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voß, C.; de Vries, J. A.; Vázquez Sierra, C.; Waldi, R.; Wallace, C.; Wallace, R.; Walsh, J.; Wang, J.; Ward, D. R.; Wark, H. M.; Watson, N. K.; Websdale, D.; Weiden, A.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wilkinson, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Williams, M.; Williams, M. P.; Williams, M.; Williams, T.; Wilson, F. F.; Wimberley, J.; Winn, M.; Wishahi, J.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S. A.; Wraight, K.; Wyllie, K.; Xie, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yin, H.; Yu, J.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zarebski, K. A.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhukov, V.; Zonneveld, J. B.; Zucchelli, S.; LHCb Collaboration
2018-01-01
The decay Z → b b bar is reconstructed in pp collision data, corresponding to 2 fb-1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of √{ s } = 8 TeV. The product of the Z production cross-section and the Z → b b bar branching fraction is measured for candidates in the fiducial region defined by two particle-level b-quark jets with pseudorapidities in the range 2.2 < η < 4.2, with transverse momenta pT > 20 GeV and dijet invariant mass in the range 45
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ghoudelbourk, Sihem.; Dib, D.; Meghni, B.; Zouli, M.
2017-02-01
The paper deals with the multilevel converters control strategy for photovoltaic system integrated in distribution grids. The objective of the proposed work is to design multilevel inverters for solar energy applications so as to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the power quality. The multilevel inverter power structure plays a vital role in every aspect of the power system. It is easier to produce a high-power, high-voltage inverter with the multilevel structure. The topologies of multilevel inverter have several advantages such as high output voltage, lower total harmonic distortion (THD) and reduction of voltage ratings of the power semiconductor switching devices. The proposed control strategy ensures an implementation of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulation for eleven levels. SHE is a very important and efficient strategy of eliminating selected harmonics by judicious selection of the firing angles of the inverter. Harmonics elimination technique eliminates the need of the expensive low pass filters in the system. Previous research considered that constant and equal DC sources with invariant behavior; however, this research extends earlier work to include variant DC sources, which are typical of lead-acid batteries when used in system PV. This Study also investigates methods to minimize the total harmonic distortion of the synthesized multilevel waveform and to help balance the battery voltage. The harmonic elimination method was used to eliminate selected lower dominant harmonics resulting from the inverter switching action.
SHARDS: Survey for High-z Absorption Red & Dead Sources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pérez-González, P. G.; Cava, A.
2013-05-01
SHARDS, an ESO/GTC Large Program, is an ultra-deep (26.5 mag) spectro-photometric survey with GTC/OSIRIS designed to select and study massive passively evolving galaxies at z=1.0-2.3 in the GOODS-N field using a set of 24 medium-band filters (FWHM~17 nm) covering the 500-950 nm spectral range. Our observing strategy has been planned to detect, for z>1 sources, the prominent Mg absorption feature (at rest-frame ~280 nm), a distinctive, necessary, and sufficient feature of evolved stellar populations (older than 0.5 Gyr). These observations are being used to: (1) derive for the first time an unbiased sample of high-z quiescent galaxies, which extends to fainter magnitudes the samples selected with color techniques and spectroscopic surveys; (2) derive accurate ages and stellar masses based on robust measurements of spectral features such as the Mg_UV or D(4000) indices; (3) measure their redshift with an accuracy Δz/(1+z)<0.02; and (4) study emission-line galaxies (starbursts and AGN) up to very high redshifts. The well-sampled optical SEDs provided by SHARDS for all sources in the GOODS-N field are a valuable complement for current and future surveys carried out with other telescopes (e.g., Spitzer, HST, and Herschel).
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bush, Craig R.
This dissertation presents a novel current source converter topology that is primarily intended for single-phase photovoltaic (PV) applications. In comparison with the existing PV inverter technology, the salient features of the proposed topology are: a) the low frequency (double of line frequency) ripple that is common to single-phase inverters is greatly reduced; b) the absence of low frequency ripple enables significantly reduced size pass components to achieve necessary DC-link stiffness and c) improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance is readily achieved due to the tightened current ripple even with reduced-size passive components. The proposed topology does not utilize any electrolytic capacitors. Instead an inductor is used as the DC-link filter and reliable AC film capacitors are utilized for the filter and auxiliary capacitor. The proposed topology has a life expectancy on par with PV panels. The proposed modulation technique can be used for any current source inverter where an unbalanced three-phase operation is desires such as active filters and power controllers. The proposed topology is ready for the next phase of microgrid and power system controllers in that it accepts reactive power commands. This work presents the proposed topology and its working principle supported by with numerical verifications and hardware results. Conclusions and future work are also presented.
Z-Pinch Plasma Neutron Sources
2006-03-24
deuterium into 9 to 14 keV (around 10 keV), which is well in the fusion energy range we are interested in. To make plasma radiation sources work, we...showing the 1-D dynamics of the pinch plasma implosion, temperature, fusion energy production and deposition for the conditions of shot Z1422. The minimum...histories of ion and electron temperatures, fusion energy production and energy deposition in ID RMHD run modeling deuterium shot Z1422. In our simulations
Source Header List. Volume 2. L through Z
1998-07-01
U 2-- 2- o-h 2-2 W- 1- 2- V) 2- aJ w- 2 w 22 2 - 3 - 2- 1-U.M0 .1- .1-0 IU LL. 1-W ILLJW tun wWA 1-WN 2 W U lox W -W 1W O WE CoO 0o oU- 0Co0100I C...0.4z a.U-W Z<. a-C a. a. ZAw a. a-I- a 1- UC I4 M M0 14 04 _ 4 " ( M Z 0 "( X 4 " ~ 14 < "U " 4 - 0.U_ Z1-0 1- 1- LU LU Wz z WE W z LUz Z W" ZU -J 2...34j1.4 >In >’-’ m130 >w.-Ia aW w44 40 40 <W~ <W ~ 0 41~ <W <Z <ZW 4z Z444 zaw a UI z K za Z- n I- 20 9a3 ZI aI- OIw OIm2 >- Z 2 2 Z 2 2 2 Z 2 2 Z 2 2
Exploratory X-ray Monitoring of z>4 Radio-Quiet Quasars
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shemmer, Ohad
2017-09-01
We propose to extend our exploratory X-ray monitoring project of some of the most distant radio-quiet quasars by obtaining one snapshot observation per Cycle for each of four sources at z>4. Combining these observations with six available X-ray epochs per source will provide basic temporal information over rest-frame timescales of 3-5 yr. We are supporting this project with Swift monitoring of luminous radio-quiet quasars at z=1.3-2.7 to break the L-z degeneracy and test evolutionary scenarios of the central engine in active galactic nuclei. Our ultimate goal is to provide a basic assessment of the X-ray variability properties of luminous quasars at the highest accessible redshifts that will serve as the benchmark for X-ray variability studies of such sources with future X-ray missions.
Production of Ξ{_c^0} and Ξ{_b} in Z decays and lifetime measurement of Ξ{_b}
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
DELPHI Collaboration
2005-11-01
The charmed strange baryon Ξ{_c^0} was searched for in the decay channel Ξ{_c^0} rightarrow Ξ^- π^ + , and the beauty strange baryon Ξ{_b} in the inclusive channel Ξ_b rightarrow Ξ- ell- bar{ν} X, using the 3.5 million hadronic Z events collected by the DELPHI experiment in the years 1992-1995. The Ξ^- was reconstructed through the decay Ξ^- rightarrow Λ π^-, using a constrained fit method for cascade decays. An iterative discriminant analysis was used for the Ξ{_c^0} and Ξ{_b} selection. The production rates were measured to be f_{Ξ{_c^0}} ×BR (Ξ{_c^0} rightarrow Ξ^- π^ + ) = (4.7 ± 1.4 (stat.) ± 1.1 (syst.))× 10^{-4} per hadronic Z decay, and BR (b rightarrow Ξ{_b}) ×BR (Ξ{_b} rightarrow Ξ^- ell^- X) = (3.0 ± 1.0(stat.) ± 0.3(syst.))× 10^{-4} for each lepton species (electron or muon). The lifetime of the Ξ{_b} baryon was measured to be tau_{Ξ{_b}} = 1.45{^{ + 0.55}_{-0.43}} (stat.) ± 0.13 (syst.) ps. A combination with the previous DELPHI lifetime measurement gives tau_{Ξ{_b}} = 1.48{^{ + 0.40}_{-0.31}} (stat.) ± 0.12 (syst.) ps.
Liang, Weihua; Liu, Yushan; Ge, Baoming; ...
2017-09-08
The battery energy stored quasi-Z-source (BESqZS) based photovoltaic (PV) power generation system combines advantages of the qZS inverter and the battery energy storage system. But, the second harmonic (2ω) power ripple degrades the system’s performance and affects the system’s design. An accurate model to analyze the 2ω ripple is very important. The existing models did not consider the battery, or assumed a symmetric qZS network with L 1=L 2 and C 1=C 2, which limits the design freedom and causes oversized impedance parameters. Our paper proposes a comprehensive model for the single-phase BES-qZS-PV inverter system, where the battery is consideredmore » and there is no restriction of L 1=L 2 and C 1=C 2. Based on the built model, a BES-qZS impedance design method is proposed to mitigate the 2ω ripple with asymmetric qZS network. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed 2ω ripple model and impedance design method.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Liang, Weihua; Liu, Yushan; Ge, Baoming
The battery energy stored quasi-Z-source (BESqZS) based photovoltaic (PV) power generation system combines advantages of the qZS inverter and the battery energy storage system. But, the second harmonic (2ω) power ripple degrades the system’s performance and affects the system’s design. An accurate model to analyze the 2ω ripple is very important. The existing models did not consider the battery, or assumed a symmetric qZS network with L 1=L 2 and C 1=C 2, which limits the design freedom and causes oversized impedance parameters. Our paper proposes a comprehensive model for the single-phase BES-qZS-PV inverter system, where the battery is consideredmore » and there is no restriction of L 1=L 2 and C 1=C 2. Based on the built model, a BES-qZS impedance design method is proposed to mitigate the 2ω ripple with asymmetric qZS network. Simulation and experimental results verify the proposed 2ω ripple model and impedance design method.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Filho, Faete; Maia, Helder Z; Mateus, Tiago Henrique D
2013-01-01
A new approach for modulation of an 11-level cascade multilevel inverter using selective harmonic elimination is presented in this paper. The dc sources feeding the multilevel inverter are considered to be varying in time, and the switching angles are adapted to the dc source variation. This method uses genetic algorithms to obtain switching angles offline for different dc source values. Then, artificial neural networks are used to determine the switching angles that correspond to the real-time values of the dc sources for each phase. This implies that each one of the dc sources of this topology can have different valuesmore » at any time, but the output fundamental voltage will stay constant and the harmonic content will still meet the specifications. The modulating switching angles are updated at each cycle of the output fundamental voltage. This paper gives details on the method in addition to simulation and experimental results.« less
Coller, Janet K; Krebsfaenger, Niels; Klein, Kathrin; Endrizzi, Karin; Wolbold, Renzo; Lang, Thomas; Nüssler, Andreas; Neuhaus, Peter; Zanger, Ulrich M; Eichelbaum, Michel; Mürdter, Thomas E
2002-08-01
To investigate in a large panel of 50 human liver samples the contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 to the overall formation of the potent antioestrogen Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, and how various genotypes affect its formation from tamoxifen. The formation of Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen from 10 microm tamoxifen was studied in human liver microsomes (n=50), characterized for CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 expression, and CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 genotype. The effect of chemical and monoclonal antibody inhibitors, and the formation in supersomes expressing recombinant CYP isoforms was also investigated. Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen was quantified using LC-MS analysis. Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen was formed by supersomes expressing CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6, but not CYP3A4. In agreement with these data, the mean formation of Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen was inhibited 49% by sulphaphenazole (P=0.001), 38% by quinidine (P<0.05) and 13% by monoclonal antibody against CYP2B6 (MAB-2B6, P<0.05). Furthermore, Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen formation significantly correlated with both CYP2C9 expression (r(s)=0.256, P<0.05) and CYP2D6 expression (r(s)=0.309, P<0.05). Genotypes of CYP2D6, CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 had an effect on metabolite formation in such a way that samples with two nonfunctional CYP2D6, or two variant CYP2C9 or CYP2B6 alleles, showed lower enzyme activity compared with those with two functional or wild-type alleles, (5.0 vs 9.9 pmol mg(-1) protein min(-1), P=0.046, 5.1 vs 9.9 pmol mg(-1) protein min(-1), P=0.053, and 6.8 vs 9.4 pmol mg(-1) protein min(-1), P=0.054, respectively). CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 contribute on average 45 and 46%, respectively, to the overall formation of Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 genotypes all affected Z-4-hydroxy-tamoxifen formation and can predict individual ability to catalyse this reaction.
Correlation of interplanetary-space B sub z field fluctuations and trapped-particle redistribution.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Parks, G. K.; Pellat, R.
1972-01-01
Observations of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations in correlation with trapped particle fluctuations are discussed. From observations of particle-redistribution effects, properties of the magnetospheric electric field are derived. The obtained results suggest that the interplanetary B(sub z) field fluctuations might represent a strong driving source for particle diffusion.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bouwens, R. J.; Franx, M.; Labbe, I.
2012-08-01
Ultra-deep Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and WFC3/IR HUDF+HUDF09 data, along with the wide-area GOODS+ERS+CANDELS data over the CDF-S GOODS field, are used to measure UV colors, expressed as the UV-continuum slope {beta}, of star-forming galaxies over a wide range of luminosity (0.1L*{sub z=3} to 2L*{sub z=3}) at high redshift (z {approx} 7 to z {approx} 4). {beta} is measured using all ACS and WFC3/IR passbands uncontaminated by Ly{alpha} and spectral breaks. Extensive tests show that our {beta} measurements are only subject to minimal biases. Using a different selection procedure, Dunlop et al. recently found large biases in their {beta}more » measurements. To reconcile these different results, we simulated both approaches and found that {beta} measurements for faint sources are subject to large biases if the same passbands are used both to select the sources and to measure {beta}. High-redshift galaxies show a well-defined rest-frame UV color-magnitude (CM) relationship that becomes systematically bluer toward fainter UV luminosities. No evolution is seen in the slope of the UV CM relationship in the first 1.5 Gyr, though there is a small evolution in the zero point to redder colors from z {approx} 7 to z {approx} 4. This suggests that galaxies are evolving along a well-defined sequence in the L{sub UV}-color ({beta}) plane (a 'star-forming sequence'?). Dust appears to be the principal factor driving changes in the UV color {beta} with luminosity. These new larger {beta} samples lead to improved dust extinction estimates at z {approx} 4-7 and confirm that the extinction is essentially zero at low luminosities and high redshifts. Inclusion of the new dust extinction results leads to (1) excellent agreement between the star formation rate (SFR) density at z {approx} 4-8 and that inferred from the stellar mass density; and (2) to higher specific star formation rates (SSFRs) at z {approx}> 4, suggesting that the SSFR may evolve modestly (by factors of {approx
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guerra, Erick; Diekewicz, A.
2012-01-01
Several galaxies have been selected for an exploratory campaign with 0.4-meter telescope atop Science Hall at Rowan University. These galaxies exhibit inverted radio spectra on the basis of fluxes in the GB6 and VLA FIRST catalogs and have SDSS magnitudes in g-band less than 15.5. The results of BVR photometry of one of these galaxies, CGCG 215-024, are presented. These are the first results from an ongoing campaign to expand the function of the observatory atop Science Hall. Efforts to mitigate bulding vibration and light pollution in future work will be presented. The authors would like to acknowledge Ric and Jean Edelman for their gift that funded the 0.4-meter telescope.
Hernández, Belén; Baumruk, Vladimir; Gouyette, Catherine; Ghomi, Mahmoud
2005-05-01
NMR and CD data have previously shown the formation of the T(4) tetraloop hairpin in aqueous solutions, as well as the possibility of the B-to-Z transition in its stem in high salt concentration conditions. It has been shown that the stem B-to-Z transition in T(4) hairpins leads to S (south)- to N (north)-type conformational changes in the loop sugars, as well as anti to syn orientations in the loop bases. In this article, we have compared by means of UV absorption, CD, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the thermodynamic and structural properties of the T(4) and A(4) tetraloop hairpins formed in 5'-d(CGCGCG-TTTT-CGCGCG)-3' and 5'-d(CGCGCG-AAAA-CGCGCG)-3', respectively. In presence of 5M NaClO(4), a complete B-to-Z transition of the stems is first proved by CD spectra. UV melting profiles are consistent with a higher thermal stability of the T(4) hairpin compared to the A(4) hairpin. Order-to-disorder transition of both hairpins has also been analyzed by means of Raman spectra recorded as a function of temperature. A clear Z-to-B transition of the stem has been confirmed in the T(4) hairpin, and not in the A(4) hairpin. With a right-handed stem, Raman and FTIR spectra have confirmed the C2'-endo/anti conformation for all the T(4) loop nucleosides. With a left-handed stem, a part of the T(4) loop sugars adopt a N-type (C3'-endo) conformation, and the C3'-endo/syn conformation seems to be the preferred one for the dA residues involved in the A(4) tetraloop.
Salauze, D; Otal, I; Gomez-Lus, R; Davies, J
1990-10-01
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae harboring an enzyme of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase 3 class (AAC-3-IV) (apramycin and gentamicin resistance) and hygromycin B phosphotransferase 4 (HPH-4-I) (hygromycin B resistance) have been isolated from human clinical sources in Europe. A cluster of genes containing IS140, aacC4, and hphB was found in these strains. We demonstrate by Southern hybridization that this cluster is identical to the operon found in animals that also contains insertion sequences belonging to the ISO family. This provides another example of presumptive transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria of animal and human origin.
Inverter communications using output signal
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chapman, Patrick L.
Technologies for communicating information from an inverter configured for the conversion of direct current (DC) power generated from an alternative source to alternating current (AC) power are disclosed. The technologies include determining information to be transmitted from the inverter over a power line cable connected to the inverter and controlling the operation of an output converter of the inverter as a function of the information to be transmitted to cause the output converter to generate an output waveform having the information modulated thereon.
Penthala, Narsimha Reddy; Yadlapalli, Jaishankar K B; Parkin, Sean; Crooks, Peter A
2016-05-01
(Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[b]thio-phen-2-yl)-1-(3,5-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethen-yl]-1H-tetrazole methanol monosolvate, C19H16N4O2S·CH3OH, (I), was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thio-phen-2-yl)-2-(3,5-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acrylo-nitrile with tri-butyl-tin azide via a [3 + 2]cyclo-addition azide condensation reaction. The structurally related compound (Z)-5-[2-(benzo[b]thio-phen-3-yl)-1-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethen-yl]-1H-tetra-zole, C20H18N4O3S, (II), was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thio-phen-3-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acrylo-nitrile with tri-butyl-tin azide. Crystals of (I) have two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 2), whereas crystals of (II) have Z' = 1. The benzo-thio-phene rings in (I) and (II) are almost planar, with r.m.s deviations from the mean plane of 0.0084 and 0.0037 Å in (I) and 0.0084 Å in (II). The tetra-zole rings of (I) and (II) make dihedral angles with the mean planes of the benzo-thio-phene rings of 88.81 (13) and 88.92 (13)° in (I), and 60.94 (6)° in (II). The di-meth-oxy-phenyl and tri-meth-oxy-phenyl rings make dihedral angles with the benzo-thio-phene rings of 23.91 (8) and 24.99 (8)° in (I) and 84.47 (3)° in (II). In both structures, mol-ecules are linked into hydrogen-bonded chains. In (I), these chains involve both tetra-zole and methanol, and are parallel to the b axis. In (II), mol-ecules are linked into chains parallel to the a axis by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds between adjacent tetra-zole rings.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sotoodeh, Pedram
This dissertation presents the design of a novel multi-level inverter with FACTS capability for small to mid-size (10-20kW) permanent-magnet wind installations using modular multi-level converter (MMC) topology. The aim of the work is to design a new type of inverter with D-STATCOM option to provide utilities with more control on active and reactive power transfer of distribution lines. The inverter is placed between the renewable energy source, specifically a wind turbine, and the distribution grid in order to fix the power factor of the grid at a target value, regardless of wind speed, by regulating active and reactive power required by the grid. The inverter is capable of controlling active and reactive power by controlling the phase angle and modulation index, respectively. The unique contribution of the proposed work is to combine the two concepts of inverter and D-STATCOM using a novel voltage source converter (VSC) multi-level topology in a single unit without additional cost. Simulations of the proposed inverter, with 5 and 11 levels, have been conducted in MATLAB/Simulink for two systems including 20 kW/kVAR and 250 W/VAR. To validate the simulation results, a scaled version (250 kW/kVAR) of the proposed inverter with 5 and 11 levels has been built and tested in the laboratory. Experimental results show that the reduced-scale 5- and 11-level inverter is able to fix PF of the grid as well as being compatible with IEEE standards. Furthermore, total cost of the prototype models, which is one of the major objectives of this research, is comparable with market prices.
Huo, Yujia; Lu, Qiaonan; Zheng, Xiaowei; Ma, Yuanfang; Lu, Feng
2016-02-04
To explore effects of FtsZ mutants FtsZ(E75A), FtsZ(R78G) and FtsZ(D82A) on FtsZ self-assembly and interaction of FtsZ with MreB in Escherichia coli strains. METHODS) We constructed FtsZ and its mutant's plasmids by molecular clone and site-directed mutagenesis methods, and purified targeted proteins by affinity chromatography. QN6(ftsZ::yfp-cat), QN7(tsZ::yfp-cat), QN8(ftsZ(R78G)::yfp-cat) and QN9 (ftsZ(D82A):.:yfp-cat) strains were constructed by linear DNA homologous recombination. We observed cellular localization pattern of FtsZ and its mutants in E. coli by living cell imaging experiments, examined interaction of FtsZ/FtsZ*-FtsZ* and FtsZ/FtsZ*-MreB by Coimmunoprecipitation and bacteria two hybrid, and analyzed assembly characteristics of FtsZ mutants by Light scattering. RESULTS) The Yfp-labeled FtsZ(E75A), FtsZ(R78G) and FtsZ(D82A) mutant proteins failed to assemble into functional Z-ring structure and localize correctly in E. coli strains. Interaction of FtsZ with its mutants, or FtsZ*-FtsZ* and FtsZ*-MreB interaction were weakened or completely disappeared. In addition, in vitro experiments show that E75A, R78G and D82A mutations decreased the polymerization efficiency of FtsZ monomer. FtsZ E75, R78 and D82 are critical amino acids in the assembly, function of FtsZ protein and FtsZ-MreB interaction in E. coli strains.
Design and Implementation of nine level multilevel Inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dhineshkumar, K.; Subramani, C.
2018-04-01
In this paper the solar based boost converter integrated Nine level multilevel inverter presented. It uses 7 switches to produce nine level output stepped waveform. The aim of the work to produce 9 level wave form using solar and boost converter. The conventional inverter has multiple sources and has 16 switches are required and also more number of voltage sources required. The proposed inverter required single solar panel and reduced number of switches and integrated boost converter which increase the input voltage of the inverter. The proposed inverter simulated and compared with R load using Mat lab and prototype model experimentally verified. The proposed inverter can be used in n number of solar applications.
VTVH-MCD study of the Delta nifB Delta nifZ MoFe protein from Azotobacter vinelandii.
Cotton, Marcia S; Rupnik, Kresimir; Broach, Robyn B; Hu, Yilin; Fay, Aaron W; Ribbe, Markus W; Hales, Brian J
2009-04-08
NifZ is a member of a series of proteins associated with the maturation of the nitrogenase MoFe protein. An MCD spectroscopic study was undertaken on the Delta nifB Delta nifZ MoFe protein generated in the absence of both NifZ and NifB (deletion of NifB generates an apo-MoFe protein lacking the FeMo cofactor). Results presented here show that, in the absence of NifZ, only one of the two P-clusters of the MoFe protein is matured to the ultimate [8Fe-7S] structure. The other P-cluster site in the protein contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster pair, representing a P-cluster precursor that is electronically identical to the analogous clusters observed in the Delta nifH MoFe protein. These results suggest that the MoFe protein is synthesized in a stepwise fashion where NifZ is specifically required for the formation of the second P-cluster.
FET commutated current-FED inverter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rippel, Wally E. (Inventor); Edwards, Dean B. (Inventor)
1983-01-01
A shunt switch comprised of a field-effect transistor (Q.sub.1) is employed to commutate a current-fed inverter (10) using thyristors (SCR1, SCR2) or bijunction transistors (Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3) in a full bridge (1, 2, 3, 4) or half bridge (5, 6) and transformer (T.sub.1) configuration. In the case of thyristors, a tapped inverter (12) is employed to couple the inverter to a dc source to back bias the thyristors during commutation. Alternatively, a commutation power supply (20) may be employed for that purpse. Diodes (D.sub.1, D.sub.2) in series with some voltage dropping element (resistor R.sub.12 or resistors R.sub.1, R.sub.2 or Zener diodes D.sub.4, D.sub.5) are connected in parallel with the thyristors in the half bridge and transformer configuration to assure sharing the back bias voltage. A clamp circuit comprised of a winding (18) negatively coupled to the inductor and a diode (D.sub.3) return stored energy from the inductor to the power supply for efficient operation with buck or boost mode.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Neba, Yasuhiko
This paper deals with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the photovoltaic generation with the single-phase utility interactive inverter. The photovoltaic arrays are connected by employing the PWM current source inverter to the utility. The use of the pulsating dc current and voltage allows the maximum power point to be searched. The inverter can regulate the array voltage and keep the arrays to the maximum power. This paper gives the control method and the experimental results.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Smith, Kenneth James
The inclusive production of b-jets with a Z boson is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson in associated ZH → llbb¯ production at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. This thesis describes the most precise measurement to date of the ratio of inclusive cross sections sigma( pp¯ → Z +b-jet)/sigma( pp¯ → Z+jet) when a Z boson decays into two electrons or muons. The measurement uses a data sample from pp¯ collisions at the center of mass energy s = 1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb -1 collected by the D0 detector. The measured ratio sigma( Z + b-jet)/sigma(Z+jet) is 0.0187 +/- 0.0021(stat) +/- 0.0015(syst) for jets with transverse momentum pT > 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |eta| ≤2.5. The measurement is compared with the next-to-leading order theoretical predictions from MCFM and is found to be consistent within uncertainties.
Hadro-quarkonia dynamics and Z{sub b} states
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Danilkin, I. V.; Orlovsky, V. D., E-mail: orlovskii@itep.ru; Simonov, Yu. A.
2013-09-15
Dynamics of hadro-quarkonium system is formulated, based on the channel coupling of a light hadron (h) and heavy quarkonium (QQ-bar) to heavy-light mesons (Qq-bar, Q-barq). Equations for hadro-quarkonium amplitudes and resonance positions are written explicitly, and numerically calculated for the special case of {pi} Greek-Upsilon-With-Hook-Symbol (nS) (n = 1, 2, 3). It is also shown that the recently observed by Belle two peaks Z{sub b}(10610) and Z{sub b}(10650) are in agreement with the proposed theory. It is demonstrated that theory predicts peaks at the BB*, B*B* thresholds in all available {pi} Greek-Upsilon-With-Hook-Symbol (nS) channels.
Structure-based analysis of CysZ-mediated cellular uptake of sulfate
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Assur Sanghai, Zahra; Liu, Qun; Clarke, Oliver B.
Sulfur, most abundantly found in the environment as sulfate (SO 4 2-), is an essential element in metabolites required by all living cells, including amino acids, co-factors and vitamins. However, current understanding of the cellular delivery of SO 4 2- at the molecular level is limited. CysZ has been described as a SO 4 2- permease, but its sequence family is without known structural precedent. Based on crystallographic structure information, SO 4 2- binding and flux experiments, we provide insight into the molecular mechanism of CysZ-mediated translocation of SO 4 2- across membranes. CysZ structures from three different bacterial speciesmore » display a hitherto unknown fold and have subunits organized with inverted transmembrane topology. CysZ from Pseudomonas denitrificans assembles as a trimer of antiparallel dimers and the CysZ structures from two other species recapitulate dimers from this assembly. In conclusion, mutational studies highlight the functional relevance of conserved CysZ residues.« less
Structure-based analysis of CysZ-mediated cellular uptake of sulfate
Assur Sanghai, Zahra; Liu, Qun; Clarke, Oliver B.; ...
2018-05-24
Sulfur, most abundantly found in the environment as sulfate (SO 4 2-), is an essential element in metabolites required by all living cells, including amino acids, co-factors and vitamins. However, current understanding of the cellular delivery of SO 4 2- at the molecular level is limited. CysZ has been described as a SO 4 2- permease, but its sequence family is without known structural precedent. Based on crystallographic structure information, SO 4 2- binding and flux experiments, we provide insight into the molecular mechanism of CysZ-mediated translocation of SO 4 2- across membranes. CysZ structures from three different bacterial speciesmore » display a hitherto unknown fold and have subunits organized with inverted transmembrane topology. CysZ from Pseudomonas denitrificans assembles as a trimer of antiparallel dimers and the CysZ structures from two other species recapitulate dimers from this assembly. In conclusion, mutational studies highlight the functional relevance of conserved CysZ residues.« less
Weichsel, T; Hartung, U; Kopte, T; Zschornack, G; Kreller, M; Silze, A
2014-05-01
An inverted cylindrical sputter magnetron device has been developed. The magnetron is acting as a metal vapor supply for an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. FEM simulation of magnetic flux density was used to ensure that there is no critical interaction between both magnetic fields of magnetron and ECR ion source. Spatially resolved double Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy measurements show an increase in electron density by one order of magnitude from 1 × 10(10) cm(-3) to 1 × 10(11) cm(-3), when the magnetron plasma is exposed to the magnetic mirror field of the ECR ion source. Electron density enhancement is also indicated by magnetron plasma emission photography with a CCD camera. Furthermore, photographs visualize the formation of a localized loss-cone - area, when the magnetron is operated at magnetic mirror field conditions. The inverted cylindrical magnetron supplies a metal atom load rate of R > 1 × 10(18) atoms/s for aluminum, which meets the demand for the production of a milliampere Al(+) ion beam.
Border Collision of Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter System with Interacting Loads
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Zhen; Liu, Bin; Li, Yining; Wong, Siu-Chung; Liu, Xiangdong; Huang, Yuehui
As a commercial interface, three-phase voltage-source inverters (VSI) are commonly equipped for energy conversion to export DC power from most distributed generation (DG) to the AC utility. Not only do voltage-source converters take charge of converting the power to the loads but support the grid voltage at the point of common connection (PCC) as well, which is dependent on the condition of the grid-connected loads. This paper explores the border collision and its interacting mechanism among the VSI, resistive interacting loads and grids, which manifests as the alternating emergence of the inverting and rectifying operations, where the normal operation is terminated and a new one is assumed. Their mutual effect on the power quality under investigation will cause the circuital stability issue and further deteriorate the voltage regulation capability of VSI by dramatically raising the grid voltage harmonics. It is found in a design-oriented view that the border collision operation will be induced within the unsuitable parameter space with respect to transmission lines of AC grid, resistive loads and internal resistance of VSI. The physical phenomenon is also identified by the theoretical analysis. With numerical simulations for various circuit conditions, the corresponding bifurcation boundaries are collected, where the stability of the system is lost via border collision.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Magnelli, B.; Elbaz, D.; Chary, R. R.; Dickinson, M.; Le Borgne, D.; Frayer, D. T.; Willmer, C. N. A.
2011-04-01
Aims: We derive the evolution of the infrared luminosity function (LF) over the last 4/5ths of cosmic time using deep 24 and 70 μm imaging of the GOODS North and South fields. Methods: We use an extraction technique based on prior source positions at shorter wavelengths to build the 24 and 70 μm source catalogs. The majority (93%) of the sources have a spectroscopic (39%) or a photometric redshift (54%) and, in our redshift range of interest (i.e., 1.3 < z < 2.3) s20% of the sources have a spectroscopic redshift. To extend our study to lower 70 μm luminosities we perform a stacking analysis and we characterize the observed L24/(1 + z) vs. L70/(1 + z) correlation. Using spectral energy distribution (SED) templates which best fit this correlation, we derive the infrared luminosity of individual sources from their 24 and 70 μm luminosities. We then compute the infrared LF at zs1.55 ± 0.25 and zs2.05 ± 0.25. Results: We observe the break in the infrared LF up to zs2.3. The redshift evolution of the infrared LF from z = 1.3 to z = 2.3 is consistent with a luminosity evolution proportional to (1 + z)1.0 ± 0.9 combined with a density evolution proportional to (1 + z)-1.1 ± 1.5. At zs2, luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs: 1011L⊙ < LIR < 1012 L⊙) are still the main contributors to the total comoving infrared luminosity density of the Universe. At zs2, LIRGs and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs: 1012L⊙ < LIR) account for s49% and s17% respectively of the total comoving infrared luminosity density of the Universe. Combined with previous results using the same strategy for galaxies at z < 1.3 and assuming a constant conversion between the infrared luminosity and star-formation rate (SFR) of a galaxy, we study the evolution of the SFR density of the Universe from z = 0 to z = 2.3. We find that the SFR density of the Universe strongly increased with redshift from z = 0 to z = 1.3, but is nearly constant at higher redshift out to z = 2.3. As part of the
A novel double gate metal source/drain Schottky MOSFET as an inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Loan, Sajad A.; Kumar, Sunil; Alamoud, Abdulrahman M.
2016-03-01
In this work, we propose and simulate a novel structure of a double gate metal source/drain (MSD) Schottky MOSFET. The novelty of the proposed device is that it realizes a complete CMOS inverter action, which is actually being realized by the combination of two n and p type MOS transistors in the conventional CMOS technology. Therefore, the use of this device will significantly reduce the transistor count in implementing combinational and sequential circuits. Further, there is a significant reduction in the number of junctions and regions in the proposed device in comparison to the conventional CMOS inverter. Therefore, the proposed device is compact and can consume less power. The proposed device has been named as Sajad-Sunil-Schottky (SSS) device. The mixed mode circuit analysis of the proposed SSS device has shown that a CMOS inverter action with high logic level (VOH) and low logic level (VOL) as ∼VDD and ∼ground respectively. A two dimensional calibrated simulation study using the experimental data has revealed that the proposed SSS device in n and p type modes have subthreshold slopes (S) of 130 mV/decade and 85 mV/decade respectively and have reasonable high ION and ION/IOFF ratio's. Furthermore, it has been proved that such a device action cannot be realised by folding the conventional doped n and p MOS transistors.
Jiang, Zhaoyan; Li, Huan; Wang, Zhen; Zhang, Jianqi; Zhang, Yajie; Lu, Kun; Wei, Zhixiang
2018-03-23
Three novel copolymers based on zigzag naphthodithiophene (zNDT) with different aromatic rings as π bridges and different core side substitutions are designed and synthesized (PzNDT-T-1,3-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']-dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD), PzNDT-TT-BDD, and PzNDTP-T-BDD, respectively). The 2D conjugation structure and molecular planarity of the polymers can be effectively altered through the modification of conjugated side chains and π-bridges. These alterations contribute to the variation in energy levels, light absorption capacity, and morphology compatibility of the polymers. When blended with the nonfullerene acceptor (2,2'-[(4,4,9,9-tetrahexyl-4,9-dihydro-sindaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis[methylidyne(3-oxo-1H-indene-2,1(3H)-diylidene)
EQ-10 electrodeless Z-pinch EUV source for metrology applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gustafson, Deborah; Horne, Stephen F.; Partlow, Matthew J.; Besen, Matthew M.; Smith, Donald K.; Blackborow, Paul A.
2011-11-01
With EUV Lithography systems shipping, the requirements for highly reliable EUV sources for mask inspection and resist outgassing are becoming better defined, and more urgent. The sources needed for metrology applications are very different than that needed for lithography; brightness (not power) is the key requirement. Suppliers for HVM EUV sources have all resources working on high power and have not entered the smaller market for metrology. Energetiq Technology has been shipping the EQ-10 Electrodeless Z-pinchTM light source since 19951. The source is currently being used for metrology, mask inspection, and resist development2-4. These applications require especially stable performance in both output power and plasma size and position. Over the last 6 years Energetiq has made many source modifications which have included better thermal management to increase the brightness and power of the source. We now have introduced a new source that will meet requirements of some of the mask metrology first generation tools; this source will be reviewed.
Efficient/reliable dc-to-dc inverter circuit
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pasciutti, E. R.
1970-01-01
Feedback loop, which contains an inductor in series with a saturable reactor, is added to a standard inverter circuit to permit the inverter power transistors to be switched in a controlled and efficient manner. This inverter is applicable where the power source has either high or low impedance properties.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Smith, Kenneth James
2010-10-01
The inclusive production of b-jets with a Z boson is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson in associated ZH → llbmore » $$\\bar{b}$$ production at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. This thesis describes the most precise measurement to date of the ratio of inclusive cross sections σ(p$$\\bar{p}$$ → Z + b-jet)/σ(p$$\\bar{p}$$ → Z + jet) when a Z boson decays into two electrons or muons. The measurement uses a data sample from p$$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at the center of mass energy √s = 1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb -1 collected by the D0 detector. The measured ratio σ(Z + b-jet)/σ(Z + jet) is 0.0187 ± 0.0021(stat) ± 0.0015(syst) for jets with transverse momentum p T > 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η| ≤ 2.5. The measurement is compared with the next-to-leading order theoretical predictions from MCFM and is found to be consistent within uncertainties.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Weichsel, T., E-mail: tim.weichsel@fep.fraunhofer.de; Hartung, U.; Kopte, T.
2014-05-15
An inverted cylindrical sputter magnetron device has been developed. The magnetron is acting as a metal vapor supply for an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. FEM simulation of magnetic flux density was used to ensure that there is no critical interaction between both magnetic fields of magnetron and ECR ion source. Spatially resolved double Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy measurements show an increase in electron density by one order of magnitude from 1 × 10{sup 10} cm{sup −3} to 1 × 10{sup 11} cm{sup −3}, when the magnetron plasma is exposed to the magnetic mirror field of themore » ECR ion source. Electron density enhancement is also indicated by magnetron plasma emission photography with a CCD camera. Furthermore, photographs visualize the formation of a localized loss-cone - area, when the magnetron is operated at magnetic mirror field conditions. The inverted cylindrical magnetron supplies a metal atom load rate of R > 1 × 10{sup 18} atoms/s for aluminum, which meets the demand for the production of a milliampere Al{sup +} ion beam.« less
Lee, Sangmi; Chen, Yi; Gorski, Lisa; Ward, Todd J; Osborne, Jason; Kathariou, Sophia
2018-04-17
Biodiversity analysis of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes recently revealed four serotype 4b major hypervirulent clonal complexes (CCs), i.e., CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6. Hypervirulence was indicated by overrepresentation of these clones, and serotype 4b as a whole, among human clinical isolates in comparison to food. However, data on potential source-dependent partitioning among serotype 4b clones in diverse regions are sparse. We analyzed a panel of 347 serotype 4b isolates, primarily from North America, to determine the distribution of clones in humans, other animals, food, and water. CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 predominated, but surprisingly, only three clones, i.e., CC2 and the singleton sequence types (STs) ST382 and ST639, exhibited significant source-dependent associations, with higher propensity for food (CC2) or water (ST382 and ST639) than other sources. Pairwise comparisons between human and food isolates identified CC4 as the only serotype 4b clone significantly overrepresented among human isolates. Our analysis also revealed several serotype 4b clones emerging in North America. Two such emerging clones, ST382 (implicated in several outbreaks since 2014) and ST639, were primarily encountered among human and water isolates. Findings suggest that in spite of the ubiquity of CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6, regional heterogeneity in serotype 4b is substantially larger than previously surmised. Analysis of even large strain panels from one region may not adequately predict clones unique to, and emerging in, other areas. Serotype 4b clonal complexes may differ in ecological niche preference, suggesting the need to further elucidate reservoirs and vehicles, especially for emerging clones. IMPORTANCE In Listeria monocytogenes , serotype 4b strains are leading contributors to human disease, but intraserotype distributions among different sources and regions remain poorly elucidated. Analysis of 347 serotype 4b isolates from four different sources, mostly from North
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Il'yaschenko, D. P.; Chinakhov, D. A.; Mamadaliev, R. A.
2018-01-01
The paper presents results the research in the effect of power sources dynamic characteristics on stability of melting and electrode metal transfer to the weld pool shielded metal arc welding. It is proved that when applying inverter-type welding power sources, heat and mass transfer characteristics change, arc gap short-circuit time and drop generation time are reduced. This leads to reduction of weld pool heat content and contraction of the heat-affected zone by 36% in comparison the same parameters obtained using a diode rectifier.
Item Strength Influences Source Confidence and Alters Source Memory zROC Slopes
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Starns, Jeffrey J.; Ksander, John C.
2016-01-01
Increasing the number of study trials creates a crossover pattern in source memory zROC slopes; that is, the slope is either below or above 1 depending on which source receives stronger learning. This pattern can be produced if additional learning affects memory processes such as the relative contribution of recollection and familiarity to source…
Integrated Inverter For Driving Multiple Electric Machines
Su, Gui-Jia [Knoxville, TN; Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN
2006-04-04
An electric machine drive (50) has a plurality of inverters (50a, 50b) for controlling respective electric machines (57, 62), which may include a three-phase main traction machine (57) and two-phase accessory machines (62) in a hybrid or electric vehicle. The drive (50) has a common control section (53, 54) for controlling the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b) with only one microelectronic processor (54) for controlling the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b), only one gate driver circuit (53) for controlling conduction of semiconductor switches (S1-S10) in the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b), and also includes a common dc bus (70), a common dc bus filtering capacitor (C1) and a common dc bus voltage sensor (67). The electric machines (57, 62) may be synchronous machines, induction machines, or PM machines and may be operated in a motoring mode or a generating mode.
Competition between B-Z and B-L transitions in a single DNA molecule: Computational studies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kwon, Ah-Young; Nam, Gi-Moon; Johner, Albert; Kim, Seyong; Hong, Seok-Cheol; Lee, Nam-Kyung
2016-02-01
Under negative torsion, DNA adopts left-handed helical forms, such as Z-DNA and L-DNA. Using the random copolymer model developed for a wormlike chain, we represent a single DNA molecule with structural heterogeneity as a helical chain consisting of monomers which can be characterized by different helical senses and pitches. By Monte Carlo simulation, where we take into account bending and twist fluctuations explicitly, we study sequence dependence of B-Z transitions under torsional stress and tension focusing on the interaction with B-L transitions. We consider core sequences, (GC) n repeats or (TG) n repeats, which can interconvert between the right-handed B form and the left-handed Z form, imbedded in a random sequence, which can convert to left-handed L form with different (tension dependent) helical pitch. We show that Z-DNA formation from the (GC) n sequence is always supported by unwinding torsional stress but Z-DNA formation from the (TG) n sequence, which are more costly to convert but numerous, can be strongly influenced by the quenched disorder in the surrounding random sequence.
The Mpc-scale radio source associated with the GPS galaxy B1144+352
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schoenmakers, A. P.; de Bruyn, A. G.; Röttgering, H. J. A.; van der Laan, H.
1999-01-01
We present the results of new observations of the enigmatic radio source B1144+352 with the WSRT at 1.4 GHz. This source is hosted by an m_r = 14.3 +/- 0.1 galaxy at a redshift of z=0.063 +/- 0.002 and is one of the lowest redshift Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources known. It has been known to show radio structure on pc-scale in the radio core and on 20-60 kpc-scale in two jet-like radio structures. The WENSS and NVSS surveys have now revealed faint extended radio structures on an even much larger scale. We have investiga ted these large-scale radio components with new 1.4-GHz WSRT observations. Our radio data indicate that the eastern radio structure has a leading hotspot and we conclude that this structure is a radio lobe originating in the galaxy hosting the GPS source. The western radio structure contains two separate radio sources which are superposed on the sky. The first is a low-power radio source, hosted by a m_R = 15.3 +/- 0.5 galaxy at a similar redshift (z=0.065+/-0.001) to the GPS host galaxy; the second is an extended radio lobe, which we believe is associated with the GPS host galaxy and which contains an elongated tail. The total projected linear size of the extended radio structure associated with B1144+352 is ~ 1.2 Mpc. The core of B1144+353 is a known variable radio source: its flux density at 1.4 GHz has increased continuously between 1974 and 1994. We have measured the flux density of the core in our WSRT observations (epoch 1997.7) and find a value of 541+/-10 mJy This implies that its flux density has decreased by ~ 70 mJy between 1994 and 1997. Further, we have retrieved unpublished archival ROSAT HRI data of B1144+352. The source has been detected and appears to be slightly extended in X-rays. We find a luminosity of (1.26 +/- 0.15)*E(43) erg s(-1) between 0.1 and 2.4 keV, assumin that the X-ray emission is due to an AGN with a powerlaw spectrum with photon index 1.8, or (0.95 +/- 0.11) *E(43) erg s(-1) if it is due to thermal
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mehdi, Sayed Hasan; Hashim, Rokiah; Ghalib, Raza Murad; Fátima C. Guedes da Silva, M.; Sulaiman, Othman; Rahman, Syed Ziaur; Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran; Marimuthu, Mani Maran
2011-12-01
The crystal structure of the title compound, 4b,9b-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-4bH-indeno[1,2-b]benzofuran-9,10(6H,9bH)-dione has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1/c with Z = 4. The FTIR as well as the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the compound were also recorded and briefly discussed. The compound showed potential antimicrobial activity comparable to that of clinically used antimicrobial agents against selected microorganisms. It has selective and moderate inhibitory activity on butyryl cholinesterase enzyme and could serve as potential lead compound for synthesis of more bioactive derivatives.
Pang, Keliang; Tanski, Joseph M; Parkin, Gerard
2008-02-28
The nickel boratrane complexes [kappa4-B(mimBut))3]Ni(kappa1-OAc), [kappa4-B(mimBut)3]NiNCS and [kappa4-B(mimBut)3]NiN3 are obtained via metathesis of the chloride ligand of [kappa4-B(mimBut)3]NiCl with TlOAc, KSCN and NaN3, respectively; the Ni-->B bond in these complexes is a site of reactivity, thereby providing a means of synthesizing nickel complexes that feature B-functionalized tris(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate derivatives, [YTmBut]NiZ.
Park, Hyung Jun; Hong, Ji-Man; Lee, Jung Hwan; Lee, Hyung Seok; Shin, Ha Young; Kim, Seung Min; Ki, Chang-Seok; Lee, Ji Hyun; Choi, Young-Chul
2015-11-01
The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and genetic features of Korean patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD), and assessed the impact of molecular defects on phenotypic expression. We enrolled 104 FSHD patients from 87 unrelated Korean families with D4Z4 repeat array of less than 11 copies on 4q35. Sixty-one men and forty-three women were enrolled. Median D4Z4 copy number was 4 units and 99 (95%) Korean patients with FSHD carried 1-6 units. The median age at symptom onset was 13 [interquartile range: 8-17] years old. In 100 symptomatic patients, muscle weakness began in facial muscles in 58 patients, shoulder-girdle muscles in 37, and pelvic-girdle muscles in 5. Disease severity was significantly correlated with D4Z4 copy number. In addition, women were more severely affected than men even though there were no differences in age at examination or in D4Z4 copy number between the two genders. This gender difference among Korean patients was the opposite of analysis on individuals of European ancestry. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the new diagnostic threshold for FSHD in Koreans based on the D4Z4 repeat array size distribution from 1 to 6 units and expanded the clinical spectrum. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities of zebrafish NHE3b expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Ito, Yusuke; Kato, Akira; Hirata, Taku; Hirose, Shigehisa
2014-01-01
Zebrafish Na+/H+ exchanger 3b (zNHE3b) is highly expressed in the apical membrane of ionocytes where Na+ is absorbed from ion-poor fresh water against a concentration gradient. Much in vivo data indicated that zNHE3b is involved in Na+ absorption but not leakage. However, zNHE3b-mediated Na+ absorption has not been thermodynamically explained, and zNHE3b activity has not been measured. To address this issue, we overexpressed zNHE3b in Xenopus oocytes and characterized its activity by electrophysiology. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to Na+-free media resulted in significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular Na+ activity (aNai). aNai increased significantly when the cytoplasm was acidified by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. Activity of zNHE3b was inhibited by amiloride or 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Although the activity was accompanied by a large hyperpolarization of ∼50 mV, voltage-clamp experiments showed that Na+/H+ exchange activity of zNHE3b is electroneutral. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to medium containing NH3/NH4+ resulted in significant decreases in pHi and aNai and significant increase in intracellular NH4+ activity, indicating that zNHE3b mediates the Na+/NH4+ exchange. In low-Na+ (0.5 mM) media, zNHE3b oocytes maintained aNai of 1.3 mM, and Na+-influx was observed when pHi was decreased by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. These results provide thermodynamic evidence that zNHE3b mediates Na+ absorption from ion-poor fresh water by its Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities. PMID:24401990
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Slyusarchuk, Vasilii E.
2009-02-01
Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for the invertibility of the nonlinear difference operator \\displaystyle (\\mathscr Rx)(n)=H(x(n),x(n+1)),\\qquad n\\in\\mathbb Z, in the space of bounded two-sided number sequences. Here H\\colon \\mathbb R^2\\to \\mathbb R is a continuous function. Bibliography: 29 titles.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sadeghi, K. H.; Ahmadian, F.
2018-02-01
The first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the electronic structures, magnetic properties and half-metallicity of {Ti}2 {IrZ} (Z = B, Al, Ga, and In) Heusler alloys with {AlCu}2 {Mn}- and {CuHg}2 {Ti}-type structures within local density approximation and generalised gradient approximation for the exchange correlation potential. It was found that {CuHg}2 {Ti}-type structure in ferromagnetic state was energetically more favourable than {AlCu}2 {Mn}-type structure in all compounds except {Ti}2 {IrB} which was stable in {AlCu}2 {Mn}-type structure in non-magnetic state. {Ti}2 {IrZ} (Z = B, Al, Ga, and In) alloys in {CuHg}2 {Ti}-type structure were half-metallic ferromagnets at their equilibrium lattice constants. Half-metallic band gaps were respectively equal to 0.87, 0.79, 0.75, and 0.73 eV for {Ti}2 {IrB}, {Ti}2 {IrAl}, {Ti}2 {IrGa}, and {Ti}2 {IrIn}. The origin of half-metallicity was discussed for {Ti}2 {IrGa} using the energy band structure. The total magnetic moments of {Ti}2 {IrZ} (Z = B, Al, Ga, and In) compounds in {CuHg}2 {Ti}-type structure were obtained as 2μ B per formula unit, which were in agreement with Slater-Pauling rule (M_{tot} =Z_{tot}-18). All the four compounds were half-metals in a wide range of lattice constants indicating that they may be suitable and promising materials for future spintronic applications.
RodZ links MreB to cell wall synthesis to mediate MreB rotation and robust morphogenesis
Morgenstein, Randy M.; Bratton, Benjamin P.; Nguyen, Jeffrey P.; Ouzounov, Nikolay; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Gitai, Zemer
2015-01-01
The rod shape of most bacteria requires the actin homolog, MreB. Whereas MreB was initially thought to statically define rod shape, recent studies found that MreB dynamically rotates around the cell circumference dependent on cell wall synthesis. However, the mechanism by which cytoplasmic MreB is linked to extracytoplasmic cell wall synthesis and the function of this linkage for morphogenesis has remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that the transmembrane protein RodZ mediates MreB rotation by directly or indirectly coupling MreB to cell wall synthesis enzymes. Furthermore, we map the RodZ domains that link MreB to cell wall synthesis and identify mreB mutants that suppress the shape defect of ΔrodZ without restoring rotation, uncoupling rotation from rod-like growth. Surprisingly, MreB rotation is dispensable for rod-like shape determination under standard laboratory conditions but is required for the robustness of rod shape and growth under conditions of cell wall stress. PMID:26396257
RodZ links MreB to cell wall synthesis to mediate MreB rotation and robust morphogenesis.
Morgenstein, Randy M; Bratton, Benjamin P; Nguyen, Jeffrey P; Ouzounov, Nikolay; Shaevitz, Joshua W; Gitai, Zemer
2015-10-06
The rod shape of most bacteria requires the actin homolog, MreB. Whereas MreB was initially thought to statically define rod shape, recent studies found that MreB dynamically rotates around the cell circumference dependent on cell wall synthesis. However, the mechanism by which cytoplasmic MreB is linked to extracytoplasmic cell wall synthesis and the function of this linkage for morphogenesis has remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that the transmembrane protein RodZ mediates MreB rotation by directly or indirectly coupling MreB to cell wall synthesis enzymes. Furthermore, we map the RodZ domains that link MreB to cell wall synthesis and identify mreB mutants that suppress the shape defect of ΔrodZ without restoring rotation, uncoupling rotation from rod-like growth. Surprisingly, MreB rotation is dispensable for rod-like shape determination under standard laboratory conditions but is required for the robustness of rod shape and growth under conditions of cell wall stress.
Nanowire NMOS Logic Inverter Characterization.
Hashim, Yasir
2016-06-01
This study is the first to demonstrate characteristics optimization of nanowire N-Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (NW-MOS) logic inverter. Noise margins and inflection voltage of transfer characteristics are used as limiting factors in this optimization. A computer-based model used to produce static characteristics of NW-NMOS logic inverter. In this research two circuit configuration of NW-NMOS inverter was studied, in first NW-NMOS circuit, the noise margin for (low input-high output) condition was very low. For second NMOS circuit gives excellent noise margins, and results indicate that optimization depends on applied voltage to the inverter. Increasing gate to source voltage with (2/1) nanowires ratio results better noise margins. Increasing of applied DC load transistor voltage tends to increasing in decreasing noise margins; decreasing this voltage will improve noise margins significantly.
NuSTAR observations of M31: globular cluster candidates found to be Z sources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Maccarone, Thomas J.; Yukita, Mihoko; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Lehmer, Bret; Antoniou, Vallia; Ptak, Andrew; Wik, Daniel R.; Zezas, Andreas; Boyd, Patricia T.; Kennea, Jamie A.; Page, Kim; Eracleous, Michael; Williams, Benjamin F.; NuSTAR mission Team
2016-01-01
We present the results of Swift + NuSTAR observations of 4 bright globular cluster sources in M31. Three of these had previously been suggested to be black holes on the basis of their spectra. We show that all are well fit by models indicative of Z source natures for the sources. We also discuss some reasons why the long term light curves of these objects indicate that they are more likely to be neutron stars, and discuss the discrepancy between the empirical understanding of persistent sources and theoretical predictions.
Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter for renewable energy generation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pandey, Ravikant; Nath Tripathi, Ravi; Hanamoto, Tsuyoshi
2016-04-01
In this paper cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) has been investigated for the application of renewable energy generation. Energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, biomass or combination of these can be manipulated to obtain alternative sources for renewable energy generation. These renewable energy sources have different electrical characteristics like DC or AC level so it is challenging to use generated power by connecting to grid or load directly. The renewable energy source require specific power electronics converter as an interface for conditioning generated power .The multilevel inverter can be utilized for renewable energy sources in two different modes, the power generation mode (stand-alone mode), and compensator mode (statcom). The performance of the multilevel inverter has been compared with two level inverter. In power generation mode CHBMLI supplies the active and reactive power required by the different loads. For operation in compensator mode the indirect current control based on synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT) ensures the grid operating in unity power factor and compensate harmonics and reactive power.
Penthala, Narsimha Reddy; Bommagani, Shobanbabu; Janganati, Venumadhav; Parkin, Sean; Crooks, Peter A
2014-10-01
The title compound, C33H35NO6 [systematic name: (Z)-3-(4-{(E)-[(E)-1a,5-dimethyl-9-oxo-2,3,7,7a-tetra-hydro-oxireno[2',3':9,10]cyclo-deca-[1,2-b]furan-8(1aH,6H,9H,10aH,10bH)-yl-idene]meth-yl}phen-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acrylo-ni-trile methanol hemisolvate], C33H35NO6·0.5CH3OH, was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(4-iodo-phen-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acrylo-nitrile with parthenolide [systematic name: (E)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methyl-ene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octa-hy-dro-oxireno[2',3':9,10]cyclo-deca-[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one] under Heck reaction conditions. The mol-ecule is built up from fused ten-, five- (lactone) and three-membered (epoxide) rings with a {4-[(Z)-2-cyano-2-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethen-yl]phen-yl}methyl-idene group as a substituent. The 4-[(Z)-2-cyano-2-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethen-yl]phenyl group on the parthenolide exocyclic double bond is oriented in a trans position to the lactone ring to form the E isomer. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the phenyl moiety and the lactone ring mean plane is 21.93 (4)°.
Lanthanum induced B-to-Z transition in self-assembled Y-shaped branched DNA structure
Nayak, Ashok K.; Mishra, Aseem; Jena, Bhabani S.; Mishra, Barada K.; Subudhi, Umakanta
2016-01-01
Controlled conversion of right-handed B-DNA to left-handed Z-DNA is one of the greatest conformational transitions in biology. Recently, the B-Z transition has been explored from nanotechnological points of view and used as the driving machinery of many nanomechanical devices. Using a combination of CD spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and PAGE, we demonstrate that low concentration of lanthanum chloride can mediate B-to-Z transition in self-assembled Y-shaped branched DNA (bDNA) structure. The transition is sensitive to the sequence and structure of the bDNA. Thermal melting and competitive dye binding experiments suggest that La3+ ions are loaded to the major and minor grooves of DNA and stabilize the Z-conformation. Our studies also show that EDTA and EtBr play an active role in reversing the transition from Z-to-B DNA. PMID:27241949
Lanthanum induced B-to-Z transition in self-assembled Y-shaped branched DNA structure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nayak, Ashok K.; Mishra, Aseem; Jena, Bhabani S.; Mishra, Barada K.; Subudhi, Umakanta
2016-05-01
Controlled conversion of right-handed B-DNA to left-handed Z-DNA is one of the greatest conformational transitions in biology. Recently, the B-Z transition has been explored from nanotechnological points of view and used as the driving machinery of many nanomechanical devices. Using a combination of CD spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and PAGE, we demonstrate that low concentration of lanthanum chloride can mediate B-to-Z transition in self-assembled Y-shaped branched DNA (bDNA) structure. The transition is sensitive to the sequence and structure of the bDNA. Thermal melting and competitive dye binding experiments suggest that La3+ ions are loaded to the major and minor grooves of DNA and stabilize the Z-conformation. Our studies also show that EDTA and EtBr play an active role in reversing the transition from Z-to-B DNA.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stark, D. P.; Bunker, A. J.; Ellis, R. S.; Eyles, L. P.; Lacy, M.
2007-04-01
We present a new measurement of the integrated stellar mass per comoving volume at redshift 5 determined via spectral energy fitting drawn from a sample of 214 photometrically selected galaxies with z'850LP<26.5 in the southern GOODS field. Following recent procedures introduced by Eyles et al., we estimate stellar masses for various subsamples for which reliable and unconfused Spitzer IRAC detections are available. A spectroscopic sample of 14 of the most luminous sources with z=4.92 provides a firm lower limit to the stellar mass density of 1×106 Msolar Mpc-3. Several galaxies in this subsample have masses of order 1011 Msolar, implying that significant earlier activity occurred in massive systems. We then consider a larger sample whose photometric redshifts in the publicly available GOODS-MUSIC catalog lie in the range 4.4<z<5.6. Before adopting the GOODS-MUSIC photometric redshifts, we check the accuracy of their photometry and explore the possibility of contamination by low-z galaxies and low-mass stars. After excising probable stellar contaminants and using the z'850LP-J color to exclude any remaining foreground red galaxies, we conclude that 196 sources are likely to be at z~=5. The implied mass density from the unconfused IRAC fraction of this sample, scaled to the total available, is 6×106 Msolar Mpc-3. We discuss the uncertainties, as well as the likelihood that we have underestimated the true mass density. By including fainter and quiescent sources, the total integrated density could be as high as 1×107 Msolar Mpc-3. Even accounting for 25% cosmic variance within a single GOODS field, such a high mass density only 1.2 Gyr after the big bang has interesting consequences for the implied past average star formation during the period when cosmic reionization is now thought to have taken place. Using the currently available (but highly uncertain) rate of decline in the star formation history over 5<z<10, a better fit is obtained for the assembled mass at z
Resolving z ~2 galaxy using adaptive coadded source plane reconstruction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sharma, Soniya; Richard, Johan; Kewley, Lisa; Yuan, Tiantian
2018-06-01
Natural magnification provided by gravitational lensing coupled with Integral field spectrographic observations (IFS) and adaptive optics (AO) imaging techniques have become the frontier of spatially resolved studies of high redshift galaxies (z>1). Mass models of gravitational lenses hold the key for understanding the spatially resolved source–plane (unlensed) physical properties of the background lensed galaxies. Lensing mass models very sensitively control the accuracy and precision of source-plane reconstructions of the observed lensed arcs. Effective source-plane resolution defined by image-plane (observed) point spread function (PSF) makes it challenging to recover the unlensed (source-plane) surface brightness distribution.We conduct a detailed study to recover the source-plane physical properties of z=2 lensed galaxy using spatially resolved observations from two different multiple images of the lensed target. To deal with PSF’s from two data sets on different multiple images of the galaxy, we employ a forward (Source to Image) approach to merge these independent observations. Using our novel technique, we are able to present a detailed analysis of the source-plane dynamics at scales much better than previously attainable through traditional image inversion methods. Moreover, our technique is adapted to magnification, thus allowing us to achieve higher resolution in highly magnified regions of the source. We find that this lensed system is highly evident of a minor merger. In my talk, I present this case study of z=2 lensed galaxy and also discuss the applications of our algorithm to study plethora of lensed systems, which will be available through future telescopes like JWST and GMT.
Preparation and characterization of B4C coatings for advanced research light sources.
Störmer, Michael; Siewert, Frank; Sinn, Harald
2016-01-01
X-ray optical elements are required for beam transport at the current and upcoming free-electron lasers and synchrotron sources. An X-ray mirror is a combination of a substrate and a coating. The demand for large mirrors with single layers consisting of light or heavy elements has increased during the last few decades; surface finishing technology is currently able to process mirror lengths up to 1 m with microroughness at the sub-nanometre level. Additionally, thin-film fabrication is able to deposit a suitable single-layer material, such as boron carbide (B4C), some tens of nanometres thick. After deposition, the mirror should provide excellent X-ray optical properties with respect to coating thickness errors, microroughness values and slope errors; thereby enabling the mirror to transport the X-ray beam with high reflectivity, high beam flux and an undistorted wavefront to an experimental station. At the European XFEL, the technical specifications of the future mirrors are extraordinarily challenging. The acceptable shape error of the mirrors is below 2 nm along the whole length of 1 m. At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), amorphous layers of boron carbide with thicknesses in the range 30-60 nm were fabricated using the HZG sputtering facility, which is able to cover areas up to 1500 mm long by 120 mm wide in one step using rectangular B4C sputtering targets. The available deposition area is suitable for the specified X-ray mirror dimensions of upcoming advanced research light sources such as the European XFEL. The coatings produced were investigated by means of X-ray reflectometry and interference microscopy. The experimental results for the B4C layers are discussed according to thickness uniformity, density, microroughness and thermal stability. The variation of layer thickness in the tangential and sagittal directions was investigated in order to estimate the achieved level of uniformity over the whole deposition area, which is considerably
Preparation and characterization of B4C coatings for advanced research light sources
Störmer, Michael; Siewert, Frank; Sinn, Harald
2016-01-01
X-ray optical elements are required for beam transport at the current and upcoming free-electron lasers and synchrotron sources. An X-ray mirror is a combination of a substrate and a coating. The demand for large mirrors with single layers consisting of light or heavy elements has increased during the last few decades; surface finishing technology is currently able to process mirror lengths up to 1 m with microroughness at the sub-nanometre level. Additionally, thin-film fabrication is able to deposit a suitable single-layer material, such as boron carbide (B4C), some tens of nanometres thick. After deposition, the mirror should provide excellent X-ray optical properties with respect to coating thickness errors, microroughness values and slope errors; thereby enabling the mirror to transport the X-ray beam with high reflectivity, high beam flux and an undistorted wavefront to an experimental station. At the European XFEL, the technical specifications of the future mirrors are extraordinarily challenging. The acceptable shape error of the mirrors is below 2 nm along the whole length of 1 m. At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), amorphous layers of boron carbide with thicknesses in the range 30–60 nm were fabricated using the HZG sputtering facility, which is able to cover areas up to 1500 mm long by 120 mm wide in one step using rectangular B4C sputtering targets. The available deposition area is suitable for the specified X-ray mirror dimensions of upcoming advanced research light sources such as the European XFEL. The coatings produced were investigated by means of X-ray reflectometry and interference microscopy. The experimental results for the B4C layers are discussed according to thickness uniformity, density, microroughness and thermal stability. The variation of layer thickness in the tangential and sagittal directions was investigated in order to estimate the achieved level of uniformity over the whole deposition area, which is
Neutrons Flux Distributions of the Pu-Be Source and its Simulation by the MCNP-4B Code
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Faghihi, F.; Mehdizadeh, S.; Hadad, K.
Neutron Fluence rate of a low intense Pu-Be source is measured by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) of 197Au foils. Also, the neutron fluence rate distribution versus energy is calculated using the MCNP-4B code based on ENDF/B-V library. Theoretical simulation as well as our experimental performance are a new experience for Iranians to make reliability with the code for further researches. In our theoretical investigation, an isotropic Pu-Be source with cylindrical volume distribution is simulated and relative neutron fluence rate versus energy is calculated using MCNP-4B code. Variation of the fast and also thermal neutrons fluence rate, which are measured by NAA method and MCNP code, are compared.
SPECTRAL STATES OF XTE J1701 - 462: LINK BETWEEN Z AND ATOLL SOURCES
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Lin Dacheng; Remillard, Ronald A.; Homan, Jeroen
2009-05-10
We have analyzed 866 Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the 2006-2007 outburst of the accreting neutron star XTE J1701 -462, during which the source evolves from super-Eddington luminosities to quiescence. The X-ray color evolution first resembles the Cyg X-2 subgroup of Z sources, with frequent excursions on the horizontal and normal branches (HB/NB). The source then decays and evolves to the Sco X-1 subgroup, with increasing focus on the flaring branch (FB) and the lower vertex of the 'Z'. Finally, the FB subsides, and the source transforms into an atoll source, with the lower vertex evolving to the atollmore » soft state. Spectral analyses suggest that the atoll stage is characterized by a constant inner disk radius, while the Z stages exhibit a luminosity-dependent expansion of the inner disk, which we interpret as effects related to the local Eddington limit. Contrary to the view that the mass accretion rate m-dot changes along the Z, we find that changes in m-dot are instead responsible for the secular evolution of the Z and the subclasses. Motion along the Z branches appears to be caused by three different mechanisms that may operate at roughly constant m-dot. For the Sco X-1-like Z stage, we find that the FB is an instability track that proceeds off the lower vertex when the inner disk radius shrinks from the value set by the X-ray luminosity toward the value measured for the atoll soft state. Excursions up the NB occur when the apparent size of the boundary layer increases while the disk exhibits little change. The HB is associated with Comptonization of the disk emission. The Z branches for the Cyg X-2-like stage are more complicated, and their origin is unclear. Finally, our spectral results lead us to hypothesize that the lower and upper Z vertices correspond to a standard thin disk and a slim disk, respectively.« less
The distant red galaxy neighbour population of 1<z<2 QSOs and optically obscured sources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bornancini, C.; García Lambas, D.
We study the Distant Red Galaxy (DRG, J-Ks > 2.3) neighbour population of Quasi Stellar Objects (QSOs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in the redshift range 1 < z < 2. We perform a similar analysis for optically obscured AGNs (i.e. with a limiting magnitude I > 24) detected in the mid-infrared (24 microns) with the Spitzer Space Telescope and a mean redshift z~2.2 in the Flamingos Extragalactic Survey (FLAMEX). We present results on the cross-correlation function of DRGs around QSOs and optically faint mid-infrared sources. The corresponding correlation length obtained for the QSO sample targets is r_0=5.4+/-1.6 Mpc. For the optically obscured galaxy sample we find r_0=8.9+/-1.4 Mpc. These results indicate that optically faint obscured sources are located in denser environment of evolved red galaxies compare to QSOs.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Vanzella, E.; Cusano, F.; Fontana, A.
2014-03-01
We report the LBT/MODS1 spectroscopic confirmation of two images of faint Lyα emitters at z = 6.4 behind the Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745. A wide range of lens models suggests that the two images are highly magnified, with a strong lower limit of μ > 5. These are the faintest z > 6 candidates spectroscopically confirmed to date. These may also be multiple images of the same z = 6.4 source as supported by their similar intrinsic properties, but the lens models are inconclusive regarding this interpretation. To be cautious, we derive the physical properties of each image individually.more » Thanks to the high magnification, the observed near-infrared (restframe ultraviolet) part of the spectral energy distributions and Lyα lines are well detected with S/N(m {sub 1500}) ≳ 10 and S/N(Lyα) ≅ 10-15. Adopting μ > 5, the absolute magnitudes, M {sub 1500}, and Lyα fluxes are fainter than –18.7 and 2.8 × 10{sup –18} erg s{sup –1} cm{sup –2}, respectively. We find a very steep ultraviolet spectral slope β = –3.0 ± 0.5 (F {sub λ} = λ{sup β}), implying that these are very young, dust-free, and low metallicity objects, made of standard stellar populations or even extremely metal poor stars (age ≲ 30 Myr, E(B – V) = 0 and metallicity 0.0-0.2 Z/Z {sub ☉}). The objects are compact (<1 kpc{sup 2}) and with a stellar mass M {sub *} < 10{sup 8} M {sub ☉}. The very steep β, the presence of the Lyα line, and the intrinsic FWHM (<300 km s{sup –1}) of these newborn objects do not exclude a possible leakage of ionizing radiation. We discuss the possibility that such faint galaxies may resemble those responsible for cosmic reionization.« less
Power inverter implementing phase skipping control
Somani, Utsav; Amirahmadi, Ahmadreza; Jourdan, Charles; Batarseh, Issa
2016-10-18
A power inverter includes a DC/AC inverter having first, second and third phase circuitry coupled to receive power from a power source. A controller is coupled to a driver for each of the first, second and third phase circuitry (control input drivers). The controller includes an associated memory storing a phase skipping control algorithm, wherein the controller is coupled to receive updating information including a power level generated by the power source. The drivers are coupled to control inputs of the first, second and third phase circuitry, where the drivers are configured for receiving phase skipping control signals from the controller and outputting mode selection signals configured to dynamically select an operating mode for the DC/AC inverter from a Normal Control operation and a Phase Skipping Control operation which have different power injection patterns through the first, second and third phase circuitry depending upon the power level.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ruigrok, Elmer; Vossen, Caron; Paulssen, Hanneke
2017-04-01
The Groningen gas field is a massive natural gas accumulation in the north-east of the Netherlands. Decades of production have led to significant compaction of the reservoir rock. The (differential) compaction is thought to have reactivated existing faults and to be the main driver of induced seismicity. The potential damage at the surface is largely affected by the state of the near surface. Thin and soft sedimentary layers can lead to large amplifications. By measuring the wavefield at different depth levels, near-surface properties can directly be estimated from the recordings. Seismicity in the Groningen area is monitored primarily with an array of vertical arrays. In the nineties a network of 8 boreholes was deployed. Since 2015, this network has been expanded with 70 new boreholes. Each new borehole consists of an accelerometer at the surface and four downhole geophones with a vertical spacing of 50 m. We apply seismic interferometry to local seismicity, for each borehole individually. Doing so, we obtain the responses as if there were virtual sources at the lowest geophones and receivers at the other depth levels. From the retrieved direct waves and reflections, we invert for P- & S- velocity and Q models. We discuss different implementations of seismic interferometry and the subsequent inversion. The inverted near-surface properties are used to improve both the source location and the hazard assessment.
Cerium chloride stimulated controlled conversion of B-to-Z DNA in self-assembled nanostructures
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bhanjadeo, Madhabi M.; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research; Nayak, Ashok K.
DNA adopts different conformation not only because of novel base pairs but also while interacting with inorganic or organic compounds. Self-assembled branched DNA (bDNA) structures or DNA origami that change conformation in response to environmental cues hold great promises in sensing and actuation at the nanoscale. Recently, the B-Z transition in DNA is being explored to design various nanomechanical devices. In this communication we have demonstrated that Cerium chloride binds to the phosphate backbone of self-assembled bDNA structure and induce B-to-Z transition at physiological concentration. The mechanism of controlled conversion from right-handed to left-handed has been assayed by various dyemore » binding studies using CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. Three different bDNA structures have been identified to display B-Z transition. This approach provides a rapid and reversible means to change bDNA conformation, which can be used for dynamic and progressive control at the nanoscale. - Highlights: • Cerium-induced B-to-Z DNA transition in self-assembled nanostructures. • Lower melting temperature of Z-DNA than B-DNA confirmed by CD spectroscopy. • Binding mechanism of cerium chloride is explained using fluorescence spectroscopy. • Right-handed to left-handed DNA conformation is also noticed in modified bDNA structure.« less
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gruskin, E. A.; Rich, A.
1993-01-01
During replication and transcription, the SV40 control region is subjected to significant levels of DNA unwinding. There are three, alternating purine-pyrimidine tracts within this region that can adopt the Z-DNA conformation in response to negative superhelix density: a single copy of ACACACAT and two copies of ATGCATGC. Since the control region is essential for both efficient transcription and replication, B-DNA to Z-DNA transitions in these vital sequence tracts may have significant biological consequences. We have synthesized DNA minicircles to detect B-DNA to Z-DNA transitions in the SV40 enhancer, and to determine the negative superhelix density required to stabilize the Z-DNA. A variety of DNA sequences, including the entire SV40 enhancer and the two segments of the enhancer with alternating purine-pyrimidine tracts, were incorporated into topologically relaxed minicircles. Negative supercoils were generated, and the resulting topoisomers were resolved by electrophoresis. Using an anti-Z-DNA Fab and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, Z-DNA was detected in the enhancer-containing minicircles at a superhelix density of -0.05. Fab saturation binding experiments demonstrated that three, independent Z-DNA tracts were stabilized in the supercoiled minicircles. Two other minicircles, each with one of the two alternating purine-pyrimidine tracts, also contained single Z-DNA sites. These results confirm the identities of the Z-DNA-forming sequences within the control region. Moreover, the B-DNA to Z-DNA transitions were detected at superhelix densities observed during normal replication and transcription processes in the SV40 life cycle.
Star formation rate and extinction in faint z ∼ 4 Lyman break galaxies
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
To, Chun-Hao; Wang, Wei-Hao; Owen, Frazer N.
We present a statistical detection of 1.5 GHz radio continuum emission from a sample of faint z ∼ 4 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). To constrain their extinction and intrinsic star formation rate (SFR), we combine the latest ultradeep Very Large Array 1.5 GHz radio image and the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) optical images in the GOODS-N. We select a large sample of 1771 z ∼ 4 LBGs from the ACS catalog using B {sub F435W}-dropout color criteria. Our LBG samples have I {sub F775W} ∼ 25-28 (AB), ∼0-3 mag fainter than M{sub UV}{sup ⋆} at zmore » ∼ 4. In our stacked radio images, we find the LBGs to be point-like under our 2'' angular resolution. We measure their mean 1.5 GHz flux by stacking the measurements on the individual objects. We achieve a statistical detection of S {sub 1.5} {sub GHz} = 0.210 ± 0.075 μJy at ∼3σ for the first time on such a faint LBG population at z ∼ 4. The measurement takes into account the effects of source size and blending of multiple objects. The detection is visually confirmed by stacking the radio images of the LBGs, and the uncertainty is quantified with Monte Carlo simulations on the radio image. The stacked radio flux corresponds to an obscured SFR of 16.0 ± 5.7 M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1}, and implies a rest-frame UV extinction correction factor of 3.8. This extinction correction is in excellent agreement with that derived from the observed UV continuum spectral slope, using the local calibration of Meurer et al. This result supports the use of the local calibration on high-redshift LBGs to derive the extinction correction and SFR, and also disfavors a steep reddening curve such as that of the Small Magellanic Cloud.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Liping; Wang, Guohong; Xiong, Zhenzhong; Tang, Hua; Jiang, Chuanjia
2018-04-01
A combined hydrothermal-calcination approach is developed to synthesize hierarchical β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 direct Z-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced visible light photoactivity for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. First, Bi2O2CO3 microflowers were hydrothermally prepared using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O as feedstocks, and then a series of β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 direct Z-scheme photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile calcination method using Bi2O2CO3 and g-C3N4 as precursors. The samples were systematically characterized by various characterization technologies including X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and N2 absorption-desorption equipment. It was found that the g-C3N4 content in the precursors played a key role in affecting the photocatalytic activity of the final products. The β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than single active components (β-Bi2O3 and g-C3N4), indicating the presence of a synergistic effect between two active components in β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction. Among all as-prepared catalysts, the 70 wt.% g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO3 exhibits the highest activity for RhB degradation, and the apparent reaction rate constant k (42.2 × 10-3 min-1) is 3.1 and 1.7 times as high as that of pure β-Bi2O3 (13.5 × 10-3 min-1) and g-C3N4 (25.2 × 10-3 min-1), respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalysts is mainly due to the high surface area, closely contacted interfaces between the β-Bi2O3 and g-C3N4 component, and the formation of direct Z-scheme structure in the β-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composites.
A non cool-core 4.6-keV cluster around the bright nearby radio galaxy PKS B1416-493
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.
2017-05-01
We present new X-ray (Chandra) and radio (ATCA) observations of the z = 0.09 radio galaxy PKS B1416-493, a member of the southern equivalent of the 3CRR sample. We find the source to be embedded in a previously unrecognized bright kT = 4.6-keV non cool-core cluster. The discovery of new clusters of such high temperature and luminosity within z = 0.1 is rare. The radio source was chosen for observation based on its intermediate FR I/II morphology. We identify a cavity coincident with the northeast lobe, and excess counts associated with the southwest lobe that we interpret as inverse-Compton X-ray emission. The jet power, at 5.3 × 1044 erg s-1, when weighted by radio source density, supports suggestions that radio sources of intermediate morphology and radio power may dominate radio-galaxy heating in the local Universe.
Status and Needs of Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Inverters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Qin, Y. C.; Mohan, N.; West, R.; Bonn, R.
2002-06-01
Photovoltaics is the utility connected distributed energy resource (DER) that is in widespread use today. It has one element, the inverter, which is common with all DER sources except rotating generators. The inverter is required to transfer dc energy to ac energy. With all the DER technologies, (solar, wind, fuel cells, and microturbines) the inverter is still an immature product that will result in reliability problems in fielded systems. Today, the PV inverter is a costly and complex component of PV systems that produce ac power. Inverter MTFF (mean time to first failure) is currently unacceptable. Low inverter reliability contributes to unreliable fielded systems and a loss of confidence in renewable technology. The low volume of PV inverters produced restricts the manufacturing to small suppliers without sophisticated research and reliability programs or manufacturing methods. Thus, the present approach to PV inverter supply has low probability of meeting DOE reliability goals.
Horii, Takayuki; Yoshinaga, Koji; Kobayashi, Nobuyoshi; Seto, Koichi; Orikawa, Yuki; Okamoto, Masahiro; Eta, Runa; Ohira, Yuta; Katsunuma, Kokichi; Hori, Yuko; Tanaka, Takao; Takei, Mineo
2014-01-01
Lymphatic metastasis is common in advanced-stage carcinoma and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, few effective treatments to inhibit it are available. Z-100 is an immunomodulatory extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B that contains polysaccharides such as arabinomannan and mannan. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Z-100 on spontaneous lymphatic metastasis. C57BL/6N mice injected subcutaneously with B16-BL6 melanoma cells in the right hind footpad were administered Z-100 subcutaneously in the right inguinal region on a daily basis. On day twenty-one after the injection, the right inguinal lymph nodes were excised, and the extent of metastasis, the number of immune cells, and the amount of granzyme B protein in the lymph nodes were examined. We also investigated the combined effect of Z-100 and irradiation in this model. Results showed that Z-100 reduced number of animals with metastasis, with respective metastasis rates of 85.7%, 42.9%, 7.1% and 0.0% in saline, 0.1 mg/kg Z-100, 1 mg/kg Z-100 and 10 mg/kg Z-100 group. Further, mice that had been given Z-100 were found to have more immune cells and granzyme B protein in the lymph nodes than control mice. The combination of low dose Z-100 and irradiation also inhibited spontaneous lymph node metastases. These findings suggest that Z-100 may be beneficial in preventing lymphatic metastasis by enhancing the immune response.
A new type of single-phase five-level inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Xu, Zhi; Li, Shengnan; Qin, Risheng; Zhao, Yanhang
2017-11-01
At present, Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) multilevel inverter is widely applied in new energy field. However, it has some disadvantages including low utilization rate of direct current (DC) voltage source and the unbalance of neutral potential. Therefore, a new single-phase five level inverter is proposed in this paper. It has two stage structure, the former stage is equivalent to three level DC/DC converter, and the back stage uses H bridge to realize inverter. Compared with the original central clamp type inverter, the new five level inverter can improve the utilization of DC voltage, and realize the neutral point potential balance with hysteresis comparator.
Total Synthesis of Biselyngbyolide B and Its C21-C22 Z-Isomer.
Kämmler, Lena; Maier, Martin E
2018-04-20
Investigations toward the synthesis of the 18-membered macrolactone biselyngbyolide B (2) from a C1-C13 and a C14-C23 fragment are described. As a key reaction in the synthesis of the C1-C13 fragment, we used an asymmetric propargylation of chiral vinylketene silyl N, O-acetal 12. Access to a C14-C23 fragment featuring a skipped diene and a sensitive allyl alcohol function was initially attempted via reductive fragmentation of a pyran template. However, this ring opening on iodide 32 with t-BuLi led to dienynol 33 with a 21 Z double bond. With a silyl protecting group at 3-OH and by implementing an intramolecular Stille coupling for macrolactonization, the 21 Z-isomer of biselyngbyolide B (47) was obtained. For preparation of a C14-C23 fragment with the 21 E-configuration, a cross-coupling of vinylstannane 48 with 4-bromocrotonate (49) set the configuration of the two double bonds. Biselyngbyolide B (2) was then accessed by an intramolecular Heck coupling. In preliminary biological cytotoxicity assays, 2 turned out to be active, whereas the 21 Z-isomer 47 was much less active. The 3-OMEM analogue 40 was devoid of activity. These results support the notion that the side chain with the correct configuration is relevant for binding to the Ca 2+ -ATPase and the biological activity.
Houng, Huo-Shu H; Clavio, Sarah; Graham, Katherine; Kuschner, Robert; Sun, Wellington; Russell, Kevin L; Binn, Leonard N
2006-04-01
Ad4 is the principal etiological agent of acute respiratory disease (ARD) in the US military. Discovery of the novel 208bp inverted terminal repeated (ITR) sequence from a recent Ad4 Jax78 field isolate was totally distinct from the analogous 116bp ITR of Ad4 prototype. To investigate the origin and distribution of the novel Ad4 ITR sequence from ARD infections. Direct sequencing of ligated Ad ITR termini. The new Ad4 ITR was highly homologous with the ITRs of human Ad subgroup B. The left post-ITR region of Ad4 Jax78 was found to be highly homologous to the corresponding region of subgroup B Ads: 81% for Ad11 and 98% for Ad3 and Ad7. The right post-ITR region of Ad4 Jax78 contained a truncated classic ITR of the Ad4 prototype. The Ad4 Jax78 ITR most likely evolved from Ad4 prototype by substituting the Ad4 prototype ITR with the subgroup B Ads ITR. The ITR-based PCR assays developed from this study can be used to distinguish the new Ad4 genotype from the classical Ad4 prototype. The new Ad4 genotype was first detected in 1976 from Georgia, USA, and is the main causative agent of ARD infections in US military population.
NLO QCD corrections to B c( B*c) production around the Z pole at an e + e - collider
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zheng, XuChang; Chang, ChaoHsi; Feng, TaiFu; Pan, Zan
2018-03-01
The production of B c and B*c mesons at a Z-factory (an e + e - collider operating at energies around the Z pole) is calculated up to the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD accuracy. The results show that the dependence of the total cross sections on the renormalization scale μ is suppressed by the corrections, and the NLO corrections enhance the total cross sections of B c by 52% and of B*c by 33% when the renormalization scale is taken at μ = 2 m b . To observe the various behaviors of the production of the mesons B c and B*c, such as the differential cross section vs. the out-going angle, the forward-backward asymmetry, and the distribution vs. the energy fraction z up to NLO QCD accuracy as well as the relevant K-factor (NLO to LO) for the production, are calculated, and it is pointed out that some of the observables obtained in the present work may be used as a specific precision test of the standard model.
Evaluation of quasi-square wave inverter as a power source for induction motors
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Guynes, B. V.; Haggard, R. L.; Lanier, J. R., Jr.
1977-01-01
The relative merits of quasi-square wave inverter-motor technology versus a sine wave inverter-motor system were investigated. The empirical results of several tests on various sizes of wye-wound induction motors are presented with mathematical analysis to support the conclusions of the study. It was concluded that, within the limitations presented, the quasi-square wave inverter-motor system is superior to the more complex sine wave system for most induction motor applications in space.
Mechanism of inverted-chirp infrasonic radiation from sprites
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Larquier, Sebastien; Pasko, Victor P.
2010-12-01
Farges and Blanc (2010) reported inverted-chirp infrasonic signals with high frequencies arriving before low frequencies, possibly emitted by sprite discharges and observed on the ground at close range (<100 km) from the source. In the present work a parallel version of a 2-D FDTD model of infrasound propagation in a realistic atmosphere is applied to demonstrate that the observed morphology of infrasound signals is consistent with general scaling of diameters of sprite streamers inversely proportionally to the air density. The smaller structures at lower altitudes radiate higher infrasonic frequencies that arrive first at the observational point on the ground, while the low frequency components are delayed because they originate at lower air densities at higher altitudes. The results demonstrate that strong absorption of high frequency infrasonic components at high altitudes (i.e., ˜0.2 dB/km for 8 Hz at 70 km) may also contribute to formation of inverted-chirp signals observed on the ground at close range.
An inverter/controller subsystem optimized for photovoltaic applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pickrell, R. L.; Osullivan, G.; Merrill, W. C.
1978-01-01
Conversion of solar array dc power to ac power stimulated the specification, design, and simulation testing of an inverter/controller subsystem tailored to the photovoltaic power source characteristics. Optimization of the inverter/controller design is discussed as part of an overall photovoltaic power system designed for maximum energy extraction from the solar array. The special design requirements for the inverter/ controller include: a power system controller (PSC) to control continuously the solar array operating point at the maximum power level based on variable solar insolation and cell temperatures; and an inverter designed for high efficiency at rated load and low losses at light loadings to conserve energy.
In situ measurement of low-Z material coating thickness on high Z substrate for tokamaks.
Mueller, D; Roquemore, A L; Jaworski, M; Skinner, C H; Miller, J; Creely, A; Raman, P; Ruzic, D
2014-11-01
Rutherford backscattering of energetic particles can be used to determine the thickness of a coating of a low-Z material over a heavier substrate. Simulations indicate that 5 MeV alpha particles from an (241)Am source can be used to measure the thickness of a Li coating on Mo tiles between 0.5 and 15 μm thick. Using a 0.1 mCi source, a thickness measurement can be accomplished in 2 h of counting. This technique could be used to measure any thin, low-Z material coating (up to 1 mg/cm(2) thick) on a high-Z substrate, such as Be on W, B on Mo, or Li on Mo. By inserting a source and detector on a moveable probe, this technique could be used to provide an in situ measurement of the thickness of Li coating on NSTX-U Mo tiles. A test stand with an alpha source and an annular solid-state detector was used to investigate the measurable range of low-Z material thicknesses on Mo tiles.
Source Region and Growth Analysis of Narrowband Z-mode Emission at Saturn
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Menietti, J. D.; Pisa, D.; Santolik, O.; Ye, S.; Arridge, C. S.; Coates, A. J.
2015-12-01
Z-mode intensity levels can be significant in the lower density region near the inner edge of the Enceladus torus at Saturn, where these waves may resonate with electrons at MeV energies. The source mechanism of this emission, which is narrow banded and most intense near 5 kHz, is not yet well understood. We survey the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) data to isolate several probable source regions. Electron phase space distributions are obtained from the Cassini Electron Spectrometer (ELS), a part of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) investigation. These data are analyzed in seeking the wave source mechanism, free energy source and growth rate of Z-mode observations. We present the first results of our analysis.
Search for CP violation in the decay Z → b overlinebg
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Buskulic, D.; de Bonis, I.; Decamp, D.; Ghez, P.; Goy, C.; Lees, J.-P.; Lucotte, A.; Minard, M.-N.; Nief, J.-Y.; Odier, P.; Pietrzyk, B.; Casado, M. P.; Chmeissani, M.; Crespo, J. M.; Delfino, M.; Efthymiopoulos, I.; Fernandez, E.; Fernandez-Bosman, M.; Garrido, Ll.; Juste, A.; Martinez, M.; Orteu, S.; Padilla, C.; Park, I. C.; Pascual, A.; Perlas, J. A.; Riu, I.; Sanchez, F.; Teubert, F.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; de Palma, M.; Gelao, G.; Girone, M.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Marinelli, N.; Nuzzo, S.; Ranieri, A.; Raso, G.; Ruggieri, F.; Selvaggi, G.; Silvestris, L.; Tempesta, P.; Zito, G.; Huang, X.; Lin, J.; Ouyang, Q.; Wang, T.; Xie, Y.; Xu, R.; Xue, S.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, W.; Alemany, R.; Bazarko, A. O.; Bonvicini, G.; Cattaneo, M.; Comas, P.; Coyle, P.; Drevermann, H.; Forty, R. W.; Frank, M.; Hagelberg, R.; Harvey, J.; Janot, P.; Jost, B.; Kneringer, E.; Knobloch, J.; Lehraus, I.; Lutters, G.; Martin, E. B.; Mato, P.; Minten, A.; Miquel, R.; Mir, Ll. M.; Moneta, L.; Oest, T.; Pacheco, A.; Pusztaszeri, J.-F.; Ranjard, F.; Rensing, P.; Rolandi, L.; Schlatter, D.; Schmelling, M.; Schmitt, M.; Schneider, O.; Tejessy, W.; Tomalin, I. R.; Venturi, A.; Wachsmuth, H.; Wagner, A.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Barrès, A.; Boyer, C.; Falvard, A.; Gay, P.; Guicheney, C.; Henrard, P.; Jousset, J.; Michel, B.; Monteil, S.; Montret, J.-C.; Pallin, D.; Perret, P.; Podlyski, F.; Proriol, J.; Rosnet, P.; Rossignol, J.-M.; Fearnley, T.; Hansen, J. B.; Hansen, J. D.; Hansen, J. R.; Hansen, P. H.; Nilsson, B. S.; Rensch, B.; Wäänänen, A.; Kyriakis, A.; Markou, C.; Simopoulou, E.; Siotis, I.; Vayaki, A.; Zachariadou, K.; Blondel, A.; Bonneaud, G.; Brient, J. C.; Bourdon, P.; Rougé, A.; Rumpf, M.; Valassi, A.; Verderi, M.; Videau, H.; Candlin, D. J.; Parsons, M. I.; Focardi, E.; Parrini, G.; Corden, M.; Georgiopoulos, C.; Jaffe, D. E.; Antonelli, A.; Bencivenni, G.; Bologna, G.; Bossi, F.; Campana, P.; Capon, G.; Casper, D.; Chiarella, V.; Felici, G.; Laurelli, P.; Mannocchi, G.; Murtas, F.; Murtas, G. P.; Passalacqua, L.; Pepe-Altarelli, M.; Curtis, L.; Dorris, S. J.; Halley, A. W.; Knowles, I. G.; Lynch, J. G.; O'Shea, V.; Raine, C.; Reeves, P.; Scarr, J. M.; Smith, K.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Thompson, A. S.; Thomson, F.; Thorn, S.; Turnbull, R. M.; Becker, U.; Dhamotharan, S.; Geweniger, C.; Graefe, G.; Hanke, P.; Hansper, G.; Hepp, V.; Kluge, E. E.; Putzer, A.; Schmidt, M.; Sommer, J.; Stenzel, H.; Tittel, K.; Werner, S.; Wunsch, M.; Abbaneo, D.; Beuselinck, R.; Binnie, D. M.; Cameron, W.; Dornan, P. J.; Moutoussi, A.; Nash, J.; Sedgbeer, J. K.; Stacey, A. M.; Williams, M. D.; Dissertori, G.; Girtler, P.; Kuhn, D.; Rudolph, G.; Betteridge, A. P.; Bowdery, C. K.; Colrain, P.; Crawford, G.; Finch, A. J.; Foster, F.; Hughes, G.; Sloan, T.; Williams, M. I.; Galla, A.; Giehl, I.; Greene, A. M.; Kleinknecht, K.; Quast, G.; Renk, B.; Rohne, E.; Sander, H.-G.; van Gemmeren, P.; Zeitnitz, C.; Aubert, J. J.; Bencheikh, A. M.; Benchouk, C.; Bonissent, A.; Bujosa, G.; Calvet, D.; Carr, J.; Diaconu, C.; Etienne, F.; Konstantinidis, N.; Payre, P.; Rousseau, D.; Talby, M.; Sadouki, A.; Thulasidas, M.; Trabelsi, K.; Aleppo, M.; Ragusa, F.; Abt, I.; Assmann, R.; Bauer, C.; Blum, W.; Dietl, H.; Dydak, F.; Ganis, G.; Gotzhein, C.; Jakobs, K.; Kroha, H.; Lütjens, G.; Lutz, G.; Männer, W.; Moser, H.-G.; Richter, R.; Rosado-Schlosser, A.; Schael, S.; Settles, R.; Seywerd, H.; Denis, R. St.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wolf, G.; Boucrot, J.; Callot, O.; Choi, Y.; Cordier, A.; Davier, M.; Duflot, L.; Grivaz, J.-F.; Heusse, Ph.; Höcker, A.; Jacquet, M.; Kim, D. W.; Le Diberder, F.; Lefrançois, J.; Lutz, A.-M.; Nikolic, I.; Park, H. J.; Schune, M.-H.; Simion, S.; Veillet, J.-J.; Videau, I.; Zerwas, D.; Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Bozzi, C.; Calderini, G.; Carpinelli, M.; Ciocci, M. A.; Ciulli, V.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fantechi, R.; Ferrante, I.; Foà, L.; Forti, F.; Giassi, A.; Giorgi, M. A.; Gregorio, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lusiani, A.; Marrocchesi, P. S.; Messineo, A.; Palla, F.; Rizzo, G.; Sanguinetti, G.; Sciabà, A.; Spagnolo, P.; Steinberger, J.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Vannini, C.; Verdini, P. G.; Walsh, J.; Blair, G. A.; Bryant, L. M.; Cerutti, F.; Chambers, J. T.; Gao, Y.; Green, M. G.; Medcalf, T.; Perrodo, P.; Strong, J. A.; von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J. H.; Botterill, D. R.; Clifft, R. W.; Edgecock, T. R.; Haywood, S.; Maley, P.; Norton, P. R.; Thompson, J. C.; Wright, A. E.; Bloch-Devaux, B.; Colas, P.; Emery, S.; Kozanecki, W.; Lançon, E.; Lemaire, M. C.; Locci, E.; Marx, B.; Perez, P.; Rander, J.; Renardy, J.-F.; Roussarie, A.; Schuller, J.-P.; Schwindling, J.; Trabelsi, A.; Vallage, B.; Black, S. N.; Dann, J. H.; Johnson, R. P.; Kim, H. Y.; Litke, A. M.; McNeil, M. A.; Taylor, G.; Booth, C. N.; Boswell, R.; Brew, C. A. J.; Cartwright, S.; Combley, F.; Koksal, A.; Letho, M.; Newton, W. M.; Reeve, J.; Thompson, L. F.; Böhrer, A.; Brandt, S.; Büscher, V.; Cowan, G.; Grupen, C.; Minguet-Rodriguez, J.; Rivera, F.; Saraiva, P.; Smolik, L.; Stephan, F.; Apollonio, M.; Bosisio, L.; Della Marina, R.; Giannini, G.; Gobbo, B.; Musolino, G.; Rothberg, J.; Wasserbaech, S.; Armstrong, S. R.; Elmer, P.; Feng, Z.; Ferguson, D. P. S.; Gao, Y. S.; González, S.; Grahl, J.; Greening, T. C.; Hayes, O. J.; Hu, H.; McNamara, P. A.; Nachtman, J. M.; Orejudos, W.; Pan, Y. B.; Saadi, Y.; Scott, I. J.; Walsh, A. M.; Wu, Sau Lan; Wu, X.; Yamartino, J. M.; Zheng, M.; Zobernig, G.; Aleph Collaboration
1996-02-01
About three million hadronic decays of the Z collected by ALEPH in the years 1991 to 1994 are used to search for anomalous CP violation beyond the Standard Model in the decay Z → b overlinebg . The study is performed by analyzing angular correlations between the two quarks and the gluon in three-jet events and by measuring the differential two-jet rate. No signal of CP violation is found. For the combinations of anomalous CP violating couplings, ĥb = ĥAbg Vb - ĥVbg Ab and b∗ = ĥVb2+ ĥAb2, limits of | ĥb | < 0.59 and h b∗ < 3.02 are given at 95% CL.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sanford, T. W. L.; Olson, R. E.; Mock, R. C.; Chandler, G. A.; Leeper, R. J.; Nash, T. J.; Ruggles, L. E.; Simpson, W. W.; Struve, K. W.; Peterson, D. L.; Bowers, R. L.; Matuska, W.
2000-11-01
A Z-pinch radiation source has been developed that generates 60±20 kJ of x rays with a peak power of 13±4 TW through a 4-mm-diam axial aperture on the Z facility. The source has heated National Ignition Facility-scale (6-mm-diam by 7-mm-high) hohlraums to 122±6 eV and reduced-scale (4-mm-diam by 4-mm-high) hohlraums to 155±8 eV—providing environments suitable for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion studies. Eulerian-RMHC (radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code) simulations that take into account the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the r-z plane provide integrated calculations of the implosion, x-ray generation, and hohlraum heating, as well as estimates of wall motion and plasma fill within the hohlraums. Lagrangian-RMHC simulations suggest that the addition of a 6 mg/cm3 CH2 fill in the reduced-scale hohlraum decreases hohlraum inner-wall velocity by ˜40% with only a 3%-5% decrease in peak temperature, in agreement with measurements.
Anomalous Z2 antiferromagnetic topological phase in pressurized SmB6
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chang, Kai-Wei; Chen, Peng-Jen
2018-05-01
Antiferromagnetic materials, whose time-reversal symmetry is broken, can be classified into the Z2 topology if they respect some specific symmetry. Since the theoretical proposal, however, no materials have been found to host such Z2 antiferromagnetic topological (Z2-AFT ) phase to date. Here we demonstrate that the topological Kondo insulator SmB6 can be a Z2-AFT system when pressurized to undergo an antiferromagnetic phase transition. In addition to proposing the possible candidate for a Z2-AFT material, in this work we also illustrate the anomalous topological surface states of the Z2-AFT phase which have not been discussed before. Originating from the interplay between the topological properties and the antiferromagnetic surface magnetization, the topological surface states of the Z2-AFT phase behave differently as compared with those of a topological insulator. Besides, the Z2-AFT insulators are also found promising in the generation of tunable spin currents, which is an important application in spintronics.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Akeroyd, A. G.; Chen, C.H.; National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taiwan
2008-06-01
The measurement of B{sup {+-}}{yields}{tau}{sup {+-}}{nu}{sub {tau}} at the B factories provides important constraints on the parameter tan{beta}/m{sub H{sup {+-}}} in the context of models with two Higgs doublets. Limits on this decay from e{sup +}e{sup -} collisions at the Z peak were sensitive to the sum of B{sup {+-}}{yields}{tau}{sup {+-}}{nu}{sub {tau}} and B{sub c}{sup {+-}}{yields}{tau}{sup {+-}}{nu}{sub {tau}}. Because of the possibly sizeable contribution from B{sub c}{sup {+-}}{yields}{tau}{sup {+-}}{nu}{sub {tau}} we suggest that a signal for this combination might be observed if the CERN LEP L3 Collaboration used its total data of {approx}3.6x10{sup 6} hadronic decays of the Z boson.more » Moreover, we point out that a future linear collider operating at the Z peak (Giga Z option) could constrain tan{beta}/m{sub H{sup {+-}}} from the sum of these processes with a precision comparable to that anticipated at proposed high luminosity B factories from B{sup {+-}}{yields}{tau}{sup {+-}}{nu}{sub {tau}} alone.« less
Asm-Triggered too Observations of Z Sources at Low Accretion Rate
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
van der Klis, Michiel
We propose to perform a pointed observation if the ASM shows that a Z source has entered a state of low accretion rate. This would provide a unique opportunity to detect millisecond pulsations. In Sco X-1 we would expect to discover beat-frequency QPO, and could perform a unique high count rate study of them. At sufficiently low accretion rate it would be possible to study the accretion flow when the magnetospheric radius approaches the corotation radius. The frequency of the horizontal branch QPO should go to zero here, and centrifugal inhibition of the accretion should set in, providing direct tests of the magnetospheric model of Z sources.
Transistorized PWM inverter-induction motor drive system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Peak, S. C.; Plunkett, A. B.
1982-01-01
This paper describes the development of a transistorized PWM inverter-induction motor traction drive system. A vehicle performance analysis was performed to establish the vehicle tractive effort-speed requirements. These requirements were then converted into a set of inverter and motor specifications. The inverter was a transistorized three-phase bridge using General Electric power Darlington transistors. The description of the design and development of this inverter is the principal object of this paper. The high-speed induction motor is a design which is optimized for use with an inverter power source. The primary feedback control is a torque angle control with voltage and torque outer loop controls. A current-controlled PWM technique is used to control the motor voltage. The drive has a constant torque output with PWM operation to base motor speed and a constant horsepower output with square wave operation to maximum speed. The drive system was dynamometer tested and the results are presented.
Joint Inversion of Source Location and Source Mechanism of Induced Microseismics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liang, C.
2014-12-01
Seismic source mechanism is a useful property to indicate the source physics and stress and strain distribution in regional, local and micro scales. In this study we jointly invert source mechanisms and locations for microseismics induced in fluid fracturing treatment in the oil and gas industry. For the events that are big enough to see waveforms, there are quite a few techniques can be applied to invert the source mechanism including waveform inversion, first polarity inversion and many other methods and variants based on these methods. However, for events that are too small to identify in seismic traces such as the microseismics induced by the fluid fracturing in the Oil and Gas industry, a source scanning algorithms (SSA for short) with waveform stacking are usually applied. At the same time, a joint inversion of location and source mechanism are possible but at a cost of high computation budget. The algorithm is thereby called Source Location and Mechanism Scanning Algorithm, SLMSA for short. In this case, for given velocity structure, all possible combinations of source locations (X,Y and Z) and source mechanism (Strike, Dip and Rake) are used to compute travel-times and polarities of waveforms. Correcting Normal moveout times and polarities, and stacking all waveforms, the (X, Y, Z , strike, dip, rake) combination that gives the strongest stacking waveform is identified as the solution. To solve the problem of high computation problem, CPU-GPU programing is applied. Numerical datasets are used to test the algorithm. The SLMSA has also been applied to a fluid fracturing datasets and reveal several advantages against the location only method: (1) for shear sources, the source only program can hardly locate them because of the canceling out of positive and negative polarized traces, but the SLMSA method can successfully pick up those events; (2) microseismic locations alone may not be enough to indicate the directionality of micro-fractures. The statistics of
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chen Dianyong; Nuclear Theory Group, Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000; Liu Xiang
2011-10-01
Inspired by the newly observed two charged bottomoniumlike states, we consider the possible contribution from the intermediate Z{sub b}(10610) and Z{sub b}(10650) states to the {Upsilon}(5S){yields}{Upsilon}(2S){pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decay process, which naturally explains Belle's previous observation of the anomalous {Upsilon}(2S){pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} production near the peak of {Upsilon}(5S) at {radical}(s)=10.87 GeV [K. F. Chen et al. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 112001 (2008)]. The resulting d{Gamma}({Upsilon}(5S){yields}{Upsilon}(2S){pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/dm{sub {pi}}{sup +}{sub {pi}}{sup -} and d{Gamma}({Upsilon}(5S){yields}{Upsilon}(2S){pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})/dcos{theta} distributions agree with Belle's measurement after inclusion of these Z{sub b} states. This formalism also reproduces the Belle observation of the double-peak structuremore » and its reflection in the {Upsilon}(2S){pi}{sup +} invariant mass spectrum of the {Upsilon}(5S){yields}{Upsilon}(2S){pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decay.« less
2015-05-18
of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering...describe the proposed content of Project ArchimedeZ, 4 ) describe incentives that Project ArchimedeZ will give to Total Force Airmen to participate and...engaged, most of the time, in some sort of PME but at a manageable level. Rather than a three- hour block, for example, Project ArchimedeZ would deliver
Zhang, Kai; Zhong, Chengmei; Liu, Shengjian; Mu, Cheng; Li, Zhengke; Yan, He; Huang, Fei; Cao, Yong
2014-07-09
A cross-linkable water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymer (WSCP) material poly[9,9-bis(6'-(N,N-diethylamino)propyl)-fluorene-alt-9,9-bis(3-ethyl(oxetane-3-ethyloxy)-hexyl) fluorene] (PFN-OX) was designed. The cross-linkable nature of PFN-OX is good for fabricating inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) with well-defined interface and investigating the detailed working mechanism of high-efficiency inverted PSCs based on poly[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithio-phene-2,6-diyl-alt-ethylhexyl-3-fluorothithieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-4,6-diyl] (PTB7) and (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend active layer. The detailed working mechanism of WSCP materials in high-efficiency PSCs were studied and can be summarized into the following three effects: a) PFN-OX tunes cathode work function to enhance open-circuit voltage (Voc); b) PFN-OX dopes PC71BM at interface to facilitate electron extraction; and c) PFN-OX extracts electrons and blocks holes to enhance fill factor (FF). On the basis of this understanding, the hole-blocking function of the PFN-OX interlayer was further improved with addition of a ZnO layer between ITO and PFN-OX, which led to inverted PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of 9.28% and fill factor high up to 74.4%.
Magnetic properties of Zn1-zMnzGa2Se4 alloy system in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Morocoima, M.; Quintero, M.; Quintero, E.; Bocaranda, P.; Ruiz, J.; Moreno, E.
2006-10-01
Measurements of low field static magnetic susceptibility and of magnetization with pulsed magnetic fields up to 32T have been made as a function of temperature on polycrystalline samples of the Zn1-zMnzGa2Se4 alloy system, which has a defect tetragonal chalcopyrite structure in the whole composition range. The resulting data have been used to give information on the magnetic spin-flop and magnetic saturation transitions, and details of the magnetic B-T phase diagrams were determined for the phases. The zero-field Néel temperatures TN and triple points, for the Zn1-zMnzGa2Se4 alloy system, have been found to be 8.1K and (7.8K, 2.2T) for z =1, 5.8K and (5.6K, 1.7T) for z =0.85, 4.5K and (4.35K, 1.0T) for z =0.075, and 3.9K and (3.85K, 0.5T) for z =0.7. The susceptibility χ(T ) curves for B =3 and 5T show magnetothermal effects below 4.5K.
Bacterial actin MreB assembles in complex with cell shape protein RodZ.
van den Ent, Fusinita; Johnson, Christopher M; Persons, Logan; de Boer, Piet; Löwe, Jan
2010-03-17
Bacterial actin homologue MreB is required for cell shape maintenance in most non-spherical bacteria, where it assembles into helical structures just underneath the cytoplasmic membrane. Proper assembly of the actin cytoskeleton requires RodZ, a conserved, bitopic membrane protein that colocalises to MreB and is essential for cell shape determination. Here, we present the first crystal structure of bacterial actin engaged with a natural partner and provide a clear functional significance of the interaction. We show that the cytoplasmic helix-turn-helix motif of Thermotoga maritima RodZ directly interacts with monomeric as well as filamentous MreB and present the crystal structure of the complex. In vitro and in vivo analyses of mutant T. maritima and Escherichia coli RodZ validate the structure and reveal the importance of the MreB-RodZ interaction in the ability of cells to propagate as rods. Furthermore, the results elucidate how the bacterial actin cytoskeleton might be anchored to the membrane to help constrain peptidoglycan synthesis in the periplasm.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Faisel, Gaber; Tandean, Jusak
2018-02-01
The present data on a number of observables in b → sμ + μ - processes manifest some tensions with the standard model (SM). Assuming that these anomalies have a new physics origin, we consider the possibility that a Z ' boson is responsible for them. We further assume that its interactions with quarks also affect rare nonleptonic decays of the {\\overline{B}}_s^0 meson which are purely isospin-violating and tend to be dominated by electroweak-penguin contributions, namely {\\overline{B}}_s^0\\to (η, η^' },φ )({π}^0,{ρ}^0) . Most of these decays are not yet observed, and their rates are expected to be relatively small in the SM. Taking into account constraints from various measurements, including the evidence for {\\overline{B}}_s^0\\to φ {ρ}^0 recently seen by LHCb, we find that the Z ' effects on {\\overline{B}}_s^0\\to (η, φ ){π}^0 can make their rates bigger than the SM predictions by up to an order of magnitude. For {\\overline{B}}_s^0\\to {η}^' }{π}^0,(η, {η}^'){ρ}^0 , the enhancement factors are at most a few. Since the Z ' contributions to the different channels depend on different combinations of its couplings, observations of more of these decays in future experiments, along with improved b → sμ + μ - data, will probe this Z ' scenario more thoroughly.
FPGA Techniques Based New Hybrid Modulation Strategies for Voltage Source Inverters
Sudha, L. U.; Baskaran, J.; Elankurisil, S. A.
2015-01-01
This paper corroborates three different hybrid modulation strategies suitable for single-phase voltage source inverter. The proposed method is formulated using fundamental switching and carrier based pulse width modulation methods. The main tale of this proposed method is to optimize a specific performance criterion, such as minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD), lower order harmonics, switching losses, and heat losses. The proposed method is articulated using fundamental switching and carrier based pulse width modulation methods. Thus, the harmonic pollution in the power system will be reduced and the power quality will be augmented with better harmonic profile for a target fundamental output voltage. The proposed modulation strategies are simulated in MATLAB r2010a and implemented in a Xilinx spartan 3E-500 FG 320 FPGA processor. The feasibility of these modulation strategies is authenticated through simulation and experimental results. PMID:25821852
Isolation and characterization of (15Z)-lycopene thermally generated from a natural source
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Takehara, Munenori, E-mail: takehara@mat.usp.ac.jp; Kuwa, Takahiro; Inoue, Yoshinori
(15Z)-Lycopene was prepared by thermal isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene derived from tomatoes, and isolated by using a series of chromatographies. The fine red crystalline powder of (15Z)-lycopene was obtained from 556 mg of (all-E)-lycopene with a yield of 0.6 mg (purity: reversed-phase HPLC, 97.2%; normal-phase HPLC, ≥99.9%), and {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C NMR spectra of the isomer were fully assigned. More refined computational analyses that considered differences in the energy levels of the conformers involved in isomerization have also determined the stabilities of (15Z)-lycopene and other geometric isomers, along with the activation energies during isomerization from the all-E form. The fine controlmore » of conditions for HPLC separation and an advanced theoretical insight into geometric isomerization have led to the discovery of the 15Z-isomer generated from a natural source. - Highlights: • (15Z)-lycopene, isomerized from the all-E form of a natural source, was purified. • The obtained (15Z)-lycopene was structurally identified by an NMR analysis. • A modified theoretical study accounted for the generation of the 15Z-isomer. • This study demonstrated the occurrence of the isomer from a natural origin.« less
Shiomi, Daisuke; Toyoda, Atsushi; Aizu, Tomoyuki; Ejima, Fumio; Fujiyama, Asao; Shini, Tadasu; Kohara, Yuji; Niki, Hironori
2013-03-01
RodZ interacts with MreB and both factors are required to maintain the rod shape of Escherichia coli. The assembly of MreB into filaments regulates the subcellular arrangement of a group of enzymes that synthesizes the peptidoglycan (PG) layer. However, it is still unknown how polymerization of MreB determines the rod shape of bacterial cells. Regulatory factor(s) are likely to be involved in controlling the function and dynamics of MreB. We isolated suppressor mutations to partially recover the rod shape in rodZ deletion mutants and found that some of the suppressor mutations occurred in mreB. All of the mreB mutations were in or in the vicinity of domain IA of MreB. Those mreB mutations changed the property of MreB filaments in vivo. In addition, suppressor mutations were found in the periplasmic regions in PBP2 and RodA, encoded by mrdA and mrdB genes. Similar to MreB and RodZ, PBP2 and RodA are pivotal to the cell wall elongation process. Thus, we found that mutations in domain IA of MreB and in the periplasmic domain of PBP2 and RodA can restore growth and rod shape to ΔrodZ cells, possibly by changing the requirements of MreB in the process. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Shiomi, Daisuke; Toyoda, Atsushi; Aizu, Tomoyuki; Ejima, Fumio; Fujiyama, Asao; Shini, Tadasu; Kohara, Yuji; Niki, Hironori
2013-01-01
RodZ interacts with MreB and both factors are required to maintain the rod shape of Escherichia coli. The assembly of MreB into filaments regulates the subcellular arrangement of a group of enzymes that synthesizes the peptidoglycan (PG) layer. However, it is still unknown how polymerization of MreB determines the rod shape of bacterial cells. Regulatory factor(s) are likely to be involved in controlling the function and dynamics of MreB. We isolated suppressor mutations to partially recover the rod shape in rodZ deletion mutants and found that some of the suppressor mutations occurred in mreB. All of the mreB mutations were in or in the vicinity of domain IA of MreB. Those mreB mutations changed the property of MreB filaments in vivo. In addition, suppressor mutations were found in the periplasmic regions in PBP2 and RodA, encoded by mrdA and mrdB genes. Similar to MreB and RodZ, PBP2 and RodA are pivotal to the cell wall elongation process. Thus, we found that mutations in domain IA of MreB and in the periplasmic domain of PBP2 and RodA can restore growth and rod shape to ΔrodZ cells, possibly by changing the requirements of MreB in the process. PMID:23301723
In situ measurement of low-Z material coating thickness on high Z substrate for tokamaks
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mueller, D., E-mail: dmueller@pppl.gov; Roquemore, A. L.; Jaworski, M.
Rutherford backscattering of energetic particles can be used to determine the thickness of a coating of a low-Z material over a heavier substrate. Simulations indicate that 5 MeV alpha particles from an {sup 241}Am source can be used to measure the thickness of a Li coating on Mo tiles between 0.5 and 15 μm thick. Using a 0.1 mCi source, a thickness measurement can be accomplished in 2 h of counting. This technique could be used to measure any thin, low-Z material coating (up to 1 mg/cm{sup 2} thick) on a high-Z substrate, such as Be on W, B on Mo, or Limore » on Mo. By inserting a source and detector on a moveable probe, this technique could be used to provide an in situ measurement of the thickness of Li coating on NSTX-U Mo tiles. A test stand with an alpha source and an annular solid-state detector was used to investigate the measurable range of low-Z material thicknesses on Mo tiles.« less
Dai, NingYi; Lam, Chi-Seng; Zhang, WenChen
2014-01-01
In order to utilize the energy from the renewable energy sources, power conversion system is necessary, in which the voltage source inverter (VSI) is usually the last stage for injecting power to the grid. It is an economical solution to add the function of power quality conditioning to the grid-connected VSI in the low-voltage distribution system. Two multifunctional VSIs are studied in this paper, that is, inductive-coupling VSI and capacitive-coupling VSI, which are named after the fundamental frequency impedance of their coupling branch. The operation voltages of the two VSIs are compared when they are used for renewable energy integration and power quality conditioning simultaneously. The operation voltage of the capacitive-coupling VSI can be set much lower than that of the inductive-coupling VSI when reactive power is for compensating inductive loads. Since a large portion of the loads in the distribution system are inductive, the capacitive-coupling VSI is further studied. The design and control method of the multifunctional capacitive-coupling VSI are proposed in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show its validity.
Pulse width modulation inverter with battery charger
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Slicker, James M. (Inventor)
1985-01-01
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin .theta., where .theta. is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120.degree. at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a flyback DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery.
Pulse width modulation inverter with battery charger
Slicker, James M.
1985-01-01
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin .theta., where .theta. is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120.degree. at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a "flyback" DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery.
Single Active Switch PV Inverter
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ramanan, V. R.; Pan, Zhiguo
This report presents a new PV inverter topology that uses only one active switch instead of 7 active switches in a conventional PV inverter. It has a buck boost converter and operates at discontinuous current control mode, which can reduce the output stage from an active switch bridge to a thyristor bridge. This concept, if successfully demonstrated, may have great cost and size/weight benefits over conventional solutions. Since the proposed topology is completely different from the traditional boost converter plus voltage source inverter approach, there is no existing control/modulation scheme available. A new modulation scheme for both the main switchmore » and the thyristors has been developed. An active clamping circuit has also been proposed to reduce switching losses and voltage spike during the switching transient. A simulation model has been set up to validate the control algorithm and clamping circuit. Simulated results show that a proposed 10 kW PV inverter can reach 5% total harmonic distortion (THD), 98.8% peak efficiency with only one main active switch, and an inductor weighing less than 3 kg. Based on that, a 10 kW prototype converter has been designed and built.« less
Cerium chloride stimulated controlled conversion of B-to-Z DNA in self-assembled nanostructures.
Bhanjadeo, Madhabi M; Nayak, Ashok K; Subudhi, Umakanta
2017-01-22
DNA adopts different conformation not only because of novel base pairs but also while interacting with inorganic or organic compounds. Self-assembled branched DNA (bDNA) structures or DNA origami that change conformation in response to environmental cues hold great promises in sensing and actuation at the nanoscale. Recently, the B-Z transition in DNA is being explored to design various nanomechanical devices. In this communication we have demonstrated that Cerium chloride binds to the phosphate backbone of self-assembled bDNA structure and induce B-to-Z transition at physiological concentration. The mechanism of controlled conversion from right-handed to left-handed has been assayed by various dye binding studies using CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. Three different bDNA structures have been identified to display B-Z transition. This approach provides a rapid and reversible means to change bDNA conformation, which can be used for dynamic and progressive control at the nanoscale. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
12 CFR 609.915 - Compliance with Federal Reserve Board Regulations B, M, and Z.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... Regulations B, M, and Z. 609.915 Section 609.915 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE General Rules § 609.915 Compliance with Federal Reserve Board Regulations B, M... (Equal Credit Opportunity), M (Consumer Leasing), and Z (Truth in Lending) (12 CFR parts 202, 213, and...
12 CFR 609.915 - Compliance with Federal Reserve Board Regulations B, M, and Z.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Regulations B, M, and Z. 609.915 Section 609.915 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC COMMERCE General Rules § 609.915 Compliance with Federal Reserve Board Regulations B, M... (Equal Credit Opportunity), M (Consumer Leasing), and Z (Truth in Lending) (12 CFR parts 202, 213, and...
An SCR inverter for electric vehicles
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Latos, T.; Bosack, D.; Ehrlich, R.; Jahns, T.; Mezera, J.; Thimmesch, D.
1980-01-01
An inverter for an electric vehicle propulsion application has been designed and constructed to excite a polyphase induction motor from a fixed propulsion battery source. The inverter, rated at 35kW peak power, is fully regenerative and permits vehicle operation in both the forward and reverse directions. Thyristors are employed as the power switching devices arranged in a dc bus commutated topology. This paper describes the major role the controller plays in generating the motor excitation voltage and frequency to deliver performance similar to dc systems. Motoring efficiency test data for the controller are presented. It is concluded that an SCR inverter in conjunction with an ac induction motor is a viable alternative to present dc vehicle propulsion systems on the basis of performance and size criteria.
Candidate high-z protoclusters among the Planck compact sources, as revealed by Herschel-SPIRE
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Greenslade, J.; Clements, D. L.; Cheng, T.; De Zotti, G.; Scott, D.; Valiante, E.; Eales, S.; Bremer, M. N.; Dannerbauer, H.; Birkinshaw, M.; Farrah, D.; Harrison, D. L.; Michałowski, M. J.; Valtchanov, I.; Oteo, I.; Baes, M.; Cooray, A.; Negrello, M.; Wang, L.; van der Werf, P.; Dunne, L.; Dye, S.
2018-05-01
By determining the nature of all the Planck compact sources within 808.4 deg2 of large Herschel surveys, we have identified 27 candidate protoclusters of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) that are at least 3σ overdense in either 250, 350, or 500 μm sources. We find roughly half of all the Planck compact sources are resolved by Herschel into multiple discrete objects, with the other half remaining unresolved by Herschel. We find a significant difference between versions of the Planck catalogues, with earlier releases hosting a larger fraction of candidate protoclusters and Galactic cirrus than later releases, which we ascribe to a difference in the filters used in the creation of the three catalogues. We find a surface density of DSFG candidate protoclusters of (3.3 ± 0.7) × 10-2 sources deg-2, in good agreement with previous similar studies. We find that a Planck colour selection of S857/S545 < 2 works well to select candidate protoclusters, but can miss protoclusters at z < 2. The Herschel colours of individual candidate protocluster members indicate our candidate protoclusters all likely all lie at z > 1. Our candidate protoclusters are a factor of 5 times brighter at 353 GHz than expected from simulations, even in the most conservative estimates. Further observations are needed to confirm whether these candidate protoclusters are physical clusters, multiple protoclusters along the line of sight, or chance alignments of unassociated sources.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Biess, J. J.; Inouye, L. Y.; Shank, J. H.
1974-01-01
A high-voltage, high-power LC series resonant inverter using SCRs has been developed for an Ion Engine Power Processor. The inverter operates within 200-400Vdc with a maximum output power of 2.5kW. The inverter control logic, the screen supply electrical and mechanical characteristics, the efficiency and losses in power components, regulation on the dual feedback principle, the SCR waveforms and the component weight are analyzed. Efficiency of 90.5% and weight density of 4.1kg/kW are obtained.
Domain Wall Fermion Inverter on Pentium 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pochinsky, Andrew
2005-03-01
A highly optimized domain wall fermion inverter has been developed as part of the SciDAC lattice initiative. By designing the code to minimize memory bus traffic, it achieves high cache reuse and performance in excess of 2 GFlops for out of L2 cache problem sizes on a GigE cluster with 2.66 GHz Xeon processors. The code uses the SciDAC QMP communication library.
An inverter/controller subsystem optimized for photovoltaic applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pickrell, R. L.; Merrill, W. C.; Osullivan, G.
1978-01-01
Conversion of solar array dc power to ac power stimulated the specification, design, and simulation testing of an inverter/controller subsystem tailored to the photovoltaic power source characteristics. This paper discusses the optimization of the inverter/controller design as part of an overall Photovoltaic Power System (PPS) designed for maximum energy extraction from the solar array. The special design requirements for the inverter/controller include: (1) a power system controller (PSC) to control continuously the solar array operating point at the maximum power level based on variable solar insolation and cell temperatures; and (2) an inverter designed for high efficiency at rated load and low losses at light loadings to conserve energy. It must be capable of operating connected to the utility line at a level set by an external controller (PSC).
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arnoldy, R. L.; Lynch, K. A.; Austin, J. B.; Kintner, P. M.
1999-10-01
High temporal resolution electron detectors aboard the PHAZE II rocket flight have shown that the energy-dispersed, field-aligned bursts (FABs) are time coincident with pitch angle-dispersed electrons having energies at the maximum voltage of the inverted-V potential. This modulation of the energetic inverted-V electrons is superimposed upon an energy-diffused background resulting in a peak-to-valley ratio of ~2 for the pitch angle-dispersed electrons. Since the characteristic energy of the FABs, the order of an eV, is considerably less than that of the plasma sheet electrons (the order of a keV) presumably falling through the inverted-V potential to create the discrete aurora, the modulation mechanism has to be independent of the electron temperature. The mechanism must accelerate the cold electrons over a range of energies from the inverted-V energy down to a few tens of eV. It must do this at the same time it is creating a population of hot, pitch angle-dispersed electrons at the inverted-V energy. Both the energy dispersion of the FABs and the pitch angle dispersion of the inverted-V electrons can be used to determine a source height assuming both populations start from the same source region at the same time. These calculations give source heights between 3500 and 5300 km for various events and disagreement between the two methods the order of 20%, which is within the rather substantial error limits of both calculations. A simple mechanism of providing a common start time for both populations of electrons would be a turning on/off of a spatially limited (vertically), inverted-V potential. The energy-dispersed FABs can be reconstructed at rocket altitudes if one assumes that cold electrons are accelerated to an energy determined by how much of the inverted-V potential they fall through when it is turned on. Similarly, the pitch angle-dispersed, inverted-V electrons can be modeled at rocket altitudes if one assumes that the plasma sheet electrons falling through
Ground Fault Overvoltage With Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Energy Resources
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ropp, Michael; Hoke, Anderson; Chakraborty, Sudipta
Ground Fault Overvoltage can occur in situations in which a four-wire distribution circuit is energized by an ungrounded voltage source during a single phase to ground fault. The phenomenon is well-documented with ungrounded synchronous machines, but there is considerable discussion about whether inverters cause this phenomenon, and consequently whether inverters require effective grounding. This paper examines the overvoltages that can be supported by inverters during single phase to ground faults via theory, simulation and experiment, identifies the relevant physical mechanisms, quantifies expected levels of overvoltage, and makes recommendations for optimal mitigation.
Variable-frequency inverter controls torque, speed, and braking in ac induction motors
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nola, F. J.
1974-01-01
Dc to ac inverter provides optimum frequency and voltage to ac induction motor, in response to different motor-load and speed requirements. Inverter varies slip frequency of motor in proportion to required torque. Inverter protects motor from high current surges, controls negative slip to apply braking, and returns energy stored in momentum of load to dc power source.
Synthesis and characterization of poly[d(G-z5C)]. B-Z transition and inhibition of DNA methylase.
McIntosh, L P; Zielinski, W S; Kalisch, B W; Pfeifer, G P; Sprinzl, M; Drahovsky, D; van de Sande, J H; Jovin, T M
1985-08-27
Deoxy-5-azacytidine 5'-triphosphate was synthesized and used as a substrate for the enzymatic synthesis of the polynucleotide poly[d(G-z5C)]. Whereas the triphosphate decomposes in solution, the azacytosine analogue incorporated into DNA is stable under conditions preserving the double-helical structure. Poly[d(G-z5C)] undergoes the transition to the left-handed Z conformation at salt (NaCl and MgCl2) concentrations approximately 30% higher than those required for unsubstituted poly[d(G-C)]. However, the incorporation of azacytidine potentiates the formation at room temperature of the Z helix stabilized by the transition metal Mn2+; in the case of poly[d(G-C)], a heating step is required. The spectral properties of the two polymers in the B and Z forms are similar. Both left-handed forms are recognized by anti-Z DNA immunoglobulins, indicating that the DNAs bear common antigenic features. Poly[d(G-z5C)] is not a substrate for the DNA cytosine 5-methyltransferase from human placenta. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme when tested in a competitive binding assay. These results are compatible with a very strong, possibly covalent, mode of interaction between methyltransferases and DNA containing 5-azacytosine.
Anomalous tqZ coupling effects in rare B- and K-meson decays
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Xin-Qiang; Yang, Ya-Dong; Yuan, Xing-Bo
2012-03-01
As a top-factory, the LHC is performing a direct study of top-quark anomalous FCNC couplings, which are, however, correlated closely with the rare B- and K-meson decays. In this paper, we study the effects of anomalous tqZ (with q = u, c) couplings in the rare decays B s,d → μ + μ -, B → X s ν overline ν , B → K (*) ν overline ν , K + → π+ ν overline ν , and K L → π0 ν overline ν . With the up-to-date experimental bounds on the branching ratios of these channels, constraints on the left-handed anomalous couplings X_{{ct}}^L and X_{{ut}}^L are derived, respectively. With these low-energy constraints taken into account, we find that, for real couplings X_{{ct}}^L and X_{{ut}}^L , the indirect upper bounds on B( t → qZ) are much lower than that from the D0 collaboration, but are still compatible with the 5 σ discovery potential of ATLAS with an integrated luminosity of 10 fb-1. With refined measurements to be available at the LHCb, the future super-B factories, the NA62 at CERN, and the KOTO at J-PARC, closer correlations between the t → qZ and the rare B- and K-meson decays are expected in the near future, which will be helpful for the searches of the top-quark FCNC decays at the LHC.
Inverted Signature Trees and Text Searching on CD-ROMs.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cooper, Lorraine K. D.; Tharp, Alan L.
1989-01-01
Explores the new storage technology of optical data disks and introduces a data structure, the inverted signature tree, for storing data on optical data disks for efficient text searching. The inverted signature tree approach is compared to the use of text signatures and the B+ tree. (22 references) (Author/CLB)
Hasan, Iman H; El-Desouky, M A; Hozayen, Walaa G; Abd el Aziz, Ghada M
2016-01-01
No ideal hepatoprotective agents are available in modern medicine to effectively prevent liver disorders. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential of Zingiber officinale in the regression of liver fibrosis and its underlining mechanism of action. To induce liver fibrosis, male Wistar rats received CCl4 (2 ml/kg/2 times/week; i.p.), with and without 300 or 600 mg/kg Z. officinale extract daily through oral gavage. To assess the protective effect of Z. officinale, liver function parameters, histopathology, inflammatory markers and gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB)/IĸB pathways were analyzed. Results demonstrate that Z. officinale extract markedly prevented liver injury as evident by the decreased liver marker enzymes. Concurrent administration of Z. officinale significantly protected against the CCl4-induced inflammation as showed by the decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels as well as the downregulation of the NF-ĸB)/IĸB and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways in CCl4-administered rats. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the protective effect of Z. officinale against rat liver fibrosis could be explained through its ability to modulate the TGF-β1/Smad3 and NF-ĸB)/IĸB signaling pathways. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Evidence that human papillomavirus causes inverted papilloma is sparse.
Justice, Jeb M; Davis, Kern M; Saenz, Daniel A; Lanza, Donald C
2014-12-01
Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of inverted papilloma as it relates to the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV). The purpose of this report is to describe the prevalence of HPV in nondysplastic, "early inverted papilloma" and to summarize HPV detection rates in the general population and in other HPV related neoplasia. This case series report characterizes consecutive inverted papilloma patients from January 2005 to August 2012 with regard to smoking history, dysplasia, and HPV detection rates. Presence or absence of low/high risk HPV was determined by standardized in situ hybridization DNA probes. Medline literature review was performed to determine the prevalence of HPV in inverted papilloma without moderate or severe dysplasia. Thirty-six consecutive patients were identified with an average age of 63.6 (range, 40-84) years; gender: 23 men, 13 women. More than half (55%) were active or former smokers (14% active and 41% former). High/low risk HPV was present in 1 in 36 (2.7%) patients and 1 in 36 (2.7%) had mild dysplasia. In the literature review: (1) HPV was detected in 16.4% of inverted papilloma without dysplasia; (2) oral cavity HPV detection was 4.2% to 11.4% in the normal population; and (3) HPV was normally detected in 85% to 95% of HPV-related neoplasia. Given histological features of inverted papilloma and comparatively low detection rates of HPV in inverted papilloma without dysplasia (2.7%), as well as the summary of the world literature, HPV is not related to the initial pathogenesis of inverted papilloma or inverted papilloma's tendency to persist or recur. It is postulated that since inverted papilloma is more an inflammatory polyp, it is susceptible to secondary HPV infection because of its metaplasia. Tobacco and other causes of respiratory epithelium remodeling are more plausible explanations for the initial tissue transformation to inverted papilloma. © 2014 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
Dai, NingYi; Lam, Chi-Seng; Zhang, WenChen
2014-01-01
In order to utilize the energy from the renewable energy sources, power conversion system is necessary, in which the voltage source inverter (VSI) is usually the last stage for injecting power to the grid. It is an economical solution to add the function of power quality conditioning to the grid-connected VSI in the low-voltage distribution system. Two multifunctional VSIs are studied in this paper, that is, inductive-coupling VSI and capacitive-coupling VSI, which are named after the fundamental frequency impedance of their coupling branch. The operation voltages of the two VSIs are compared when they are used for renewable energy integration and power quality conditioning simultaneously. The operation voltage of the capacitive-coupling VSI can be set much lower than that of the inductive-coupling VSI when reactive power is for compensating inductive loads. Since a large portion of the loads in the distribution system are inductive, the capacitive-coupling VSI is further studied. The design and control method of the multifunctional capacitive-coupling VSI are proposed in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show its validity. PMID:25177725
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Qin, Dashan; Cao, Huan; Zhang, Jidong
2017-05-01
Electron-transporting small molecule bathophenanthroline (Bphen) together with o-xylene has been used as hybrid additives to improve the performance of simplified inverted polymer solar cells employing ITO alone as cathode and photoactive layer based on polymer [[2,6'-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b] dithiophene] [3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl
Boötes-HiZELS: an optical to near-infrared survey of emission-line galaxies at z = 0.4-4.7
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Matthee, Jorryt; Sobral, David; Best, Philip; Smail, Ian; Bian, Fuyan; Darvish, Behnam; Röttgering, Huub; Fan, Xiaohui
2017-10-01
We present a sample of ˜1000 emission-line galaxies at z = 0.4-4.7 from the ˜0.7deg2 High-z Emission-Line Survey in the Boötes field identified with a suite of six narrow-band filters at ≈0.4-2.1 μm. These galaxies have been selected on their Ly α (73), [O II] (285), H β/[O III] (387) or H α (362) emission line, and have been classified with optical to near-infrared colours. A subsample of 98 sources have reliable redshifts from multiple narrow-band (e.g. [O II]-H α) detections and/or spectroscopy. In this survey paper, we present the observations, selection and catalogues of emitters. We measure number densities of Ly α, [O II], H β/[O III] and H α and confirm strong luminosity evolution in star-forming galaxies from z ˜ 0.4 to ˜5, in agreement with previous results. To demonstrate the usefulness of dual-line emitters, we use the sample of dual [O II]-H α emitters to measure the observed [O II]/H α ratio at z = 1.47. The observed [O II]/H α ratio increases significantly from 0.40 ± 0.01 at z = 0.1 to 0.52 ± 0.05 at z = 1.47, which we attribute to either decreasing dust attenuation with redshift, or due to a bias in the (typically) fibre measurements in the local Universe that only measure the central kpc regions. At the bright end, we find that both the H α and Ly α number densities at z ≈ 2.2 deviate significantly from a Schechter form, following a power law. We show that this is driven entirely by an increasing X-ray/active galactic nucleus fraction with line luminosity, which reaches ≈100 per cent at line luminosities L ≳ 3 × 1044 erg s-1.
Development of 19F-NMR chemical shift detection of DNA B-Z equilibrium using 19F-NMR.
Nakamura, S; Yang, H; Hirata, C; Kersaudy, F; Fujimoto, K
2017-06-28
Various DNA conformational changes are in correlation with biological events. In particular, DNA B-Z equilibrium showed a high correlation with translation and transcription. In this study, we developed a DNA probe containing 5-trifluoromethylcytidine or 5-trifluoromethylthymidine to detect DNA B-Z equilibrium using 19 F-NMR. Its probe enabled the quantitative detection of B-, Z-, and ss-DNA based on 19 F-NMR chemical shift change.
The Evolution of Ly-alpha Emitting Galaxies Between z = 2.1 and z = 3.l
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ciardullo, Robin; Gronwall,Caryl; Wolf, Christopher; McCathran, Emily; Bond, Nicholas A.; Gawiser, Eric; Guaita, Lucia; Feldmeier, John J.; Treister, Ezequiel; Padilla, Nelson;
2011-01-01
We describe the results of a new, wide-field survey for z= 3.1 Ly-alpha emission-line galaxies (LAEs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDF-S). By using a nearly top-hat 5010 Angstrom filter and complementary broadband photometry from the MUSYC survey, we identify a complete sample of 141 objects with monochromatic fluxes brighter than 2.4E-17 ergs/cm^2/s and observers-frame equivalent widths greater than 80 Angstroms (i.e., 20 Angstroms in the rest-frame of Ly-alpha). The bright-end of this dataset is dominated by x-ray sources and foreground objects with GALEX detections, but when these interlopers are removed, we are still left with a sample of 130 LAE candidates, 39 of which have spectroscopic confirmations. This sample overlaps the set of objects found in an earlier ECDF-S survey, but due to our filter's redder bandpass, it also includes 68 previously uncataloged sources. We confirm earlier measurements of the z=3.1 LAE emission-line luminosity function, and show that an apparent anti-correlation between equivalent width and continuum brightness is likely due to the effect of correlated errors in our heteroskedastic dataset. Finally, we compare the properties of z=3.1 LAEs to LAEs found at z=2.1. We show that in the approximately 1 Gyr after z approximately 3, the LAE luminosity function evolved significantly, with L * fading by approximately 0.4 mag, the number density of sources with L greater than 1.5E42 ergs/s declining by approximately 50%, and the equivalent width scalelength contracting from 70^{+7}_{-5} Angstroms to 50^{+9}_{-6} Angstroms. When combined with literature results, our observations demonstrate that over the redshift range z approximately 0 to z approximately 4, LAEs contain less than approximately 10% of the star-formation rate density of the universe.
Evolutionary history of linked D4Z4 and Beta satellite clusters at the FSHD locus (4q35).
Giussani, Marta; Cardone, Maria Francesca; Bodega, Beatrice; Ginelli, Enrico; Meneveri, Raffaella
2012-11-01
We performed a detailed genomic investigation of the chimpanzee locus syntenic to human chromosome 4q35.2, associated to the facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Two contigs of approximately 150 kb and 200 kb were derived from PTR chromosomes 4q35 and 3p12, respectively: both regions showed a very similar sequence organization, including D4Z4 and Beta satellite linked clusters. Starting from these findings, we derived a hypothetical evolutionary history of human 4q35, 10q26 and 3p12 chromosome regions focusing on the D4Z4-Beta satellite linked organization. The D4Z4 unit showed an open reading frame (DUX4) at both PTR 4q35 and 3p12 regions; furthermore some subregions of the Beta satellite unit showed a high degree of conservation between chimpanzee and humans. In conclusion, this paper provides evidence that at the 4q subtelomere the linkage between D4Z4 and Beta satellite arrays is a feature that appeared late during evolution and is conserved between chimpanzee and humans. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Microseismic imaging using a source function independent full waveform inversion method
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Hanchen; Alkhalifah, Tariq
2018-07-01
At the heart of microseismic event measurements is the task to estimate the location of the source microseismic events, as well as their ignition times. The accuracy of locating the sources is highly dependent on the velocity model. On the other hand, the conventional microseismic source locating methods require, in many cases, manual picking of traveltime arrivals, which do not only lead to manual effort and human interaction, but also prone to errors. Using full waveform inversion (FWI) to locate and image microseismic events allows for an automatic process (free of picking) that utilizes the full wavefield. However, FWI of microseismic events faces incredible nonlinearity due to the unknown source locations (space) and functions (time). We developed a source function independent FWI of microseismic events to invert for the source image, source function and the velocity model. It is based on convolving reference traces with these observed and modelled to mitigate the effect of an unknown source ignition time. The adjoint-state method is used to derive the gradient for the source image, source function and velocity updates. The extended image for the source wavelet in Z axis is extracted to check the accuracy of the inverted source image and velocity model. Also, angle gathers are calculated to assess the quality of the long wavelength component of the velocity model. By inverting for the source image, source wavelet and the velocity model simultaneously, the proposed method produces good estimates of the source location, ignition time and the background velocity for synthetic examples used here, like those corresponding to the Marmousi model and the SEG/EAGE overthrust model.
Improving the reliability of inverter-based welding machines
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Schiedermayer, M.
1997-02-01
Although inverter-based welding power sources have been available since the late 1980s, many people hesitated to purchase them because of reliability issues. Unfortunately, their hesitancy had a basis, until now. Recent improvements give some inverters a reliability level that approaches that of traditional, transformer-based industrial welding machines, which have a failure rate of about 1%. Acceptance of inverter-based welding machines is important because, for many welding applications, they provide capabilities that solid-state, transformer-based machines cannot deliver. These advantages include enhanced pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P), lightweight portability, an ultrastable arc, and energy efficiency--all while producing highly aesthetic weld beadsmore » and delivering multiprocess capabilities.« less
The H2A.Z/H2B dimer is unstable compared to the dimer containing the major H2A isoform.
Placek, Brandon J; Harrison, L Nicole; Villers, Brooke M; Gloss, Lisa M
2005-02-01
The nucleosome, the basic fundamental repeating unit of chromatin, contains two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer. Modulation of the structure and dynamics of the nucleosome is an important regulation mechanism of DNA-based chemistries in the eukaryotic cell, such as transcription and replication. One means of altering the properties of the nucleosome is by incorporation of histone variants. To provide insights into how histone variants may impact the thermodynamics of the nucleosome, the stability of the heterodimer between the H2A.Z variant and H2B was determined by urea-induced denaturation, monitored by far-UV circular dichroism, intrinsic Tyr fluorescence intensity, and anisotropy. In the absence of stabilizing agents, the H2A.Z/H2B dimer is only partially folded. The stabilizing cosolute, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) was used to promote folding of the unstable heterodimer. The equilibrium stability of the H2A.Z/H2B dimer is compared to that of the H2A/H2B dimer. The equilibrium folding of both histone dimers is highly reversible and best described by a two-state model, with no detectable equilibrium intermediates populated. The free energies of unfolding, in the absence of denaturant, of H2A.Z/H2B and H2A/H2B are 7.3 kcal mol(-1) and 15.5 kcal mol(-1), respectively, in 1 M TMAO. The H2A.Z/H2B dimer is the least stable histone fold characterized to date, while H2A/H2B appears to be the most stable. It is speculated that this difference in stability may contribute to the different biophysical properties of nucleosomes containing the major H2A and the H2A.Z variant.
Design and Implementation of 13 Levels Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic System
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Subramani, C.; Dhineshkumar, K.; Palanivel, P.
2018-04-01
This paper approaches the appearing and modernization of S-Type PV based 13- level multilevel inverter with less quantity of switch. The current S-Type Multi level inverter contains more number of switches and voltage sources. Multilevel level inverter is a be understandable among the most gainful power converters for high power application and present day applications with reduced switches. The fundamental good arrangement of the 13-level multilevel inverter is to get ventured voltage from a couple of levels of DC voltages.. The controller gives actual way day and age to switches through driver circuit using PWM methodology. The execution assessment of proposed multilevel inverter is checked using MATLAB/Simulink. This is the outstanding among other techniquem appeared differently in relation to all other existing system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Gruppioni, Carlotta; Pozzi, F.; Rodighiero, G.; Delvecchio, I.; Berta, S.; Pozzetti, L.; Zamorani, G.; Andreani, P.; Cimatti, A.; Ilbert, O.;
2013-01-01
We exploit the deep and extended far-IR data sets (at 70, 100 and 160 µm) of the Herschel Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) Survey, in combination with the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey data at 250, 350 and 500 µm, to derive the evolution of the rest-frame 35-, 60-, 90- and total infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) up to z 4.We detect very strong luminosity evolution for the total IR LF (LIR ? (1 + z)(sup 3.55 +/- 0.10) up to z 2, and ? (1 + z)(sup 1.62 +/- 0.51) at 2 less than z less than approximately 4) combined with a density evolution (? (1 + z)(sup -0.57 +/- 0.22) up to z 1 and ? (1 + z)(sup -3.92 +/- 0.34) at 1 less than z less than approximately 4). In agreement with previous findings, the IR luminosity density (?IR) increases steeply to z 1, then flattens between z 1 and z 3 to decrease at z greater than approximately 3. Galaxies with different spectral energy distributions, masses and specific star formation rates (SFRs) evolve in very different ways and this large and deep statistical sample is the first one allowing us to separately study the different evolutionary behaviours of the individual IR populations contributing to ?IR. Galaxies occupying the well-established SFR-stellar mass main sequence (MS) are found to dominate both the total IR LF and ?IR at all redshifts, with the contribution from off-MS sources (=0.6 dex above MS) being nearly constant (20 per cent of the total ?IR) and showing no significant signs of increase with increasing z over the whole 0.8 < z <2.2 range. Sources with mass in the range 10 = log(M/solar mass) = 11 are found to dominate the total IR LF, with more massive galaxies prevailing at the bright end of the high-z (greater than approximately 2) LF. A two-fold evolutionary scheme for IR galaxies is envisaged: on the one hand, a starburst-dominated phase in which the Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) grows and is obscured by dust (possibly triggered by a major merging event
Evolutionary history of linked D4Z4 and Beta satellite clusters at the FSHD locus (4q35)☆
Giussani, Marta; Cardone, Maria Francesca; Bodega, Beatrice; Ginelli, Enrico; Meneveri, Raffaella
2012-01-01
We performed a detailed genomic investigation of the chimpanzee locus syntenic to human chromosome 4q35.2, associated to the facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Two contigs of approximately 150 kb and 200 kb were derived from PTR chromosomes 4q35 and 3p12, respectively: both regions showed a very similar sequence organization, including D4Z4 and Beta satellite linked clusters. Starting from these findings, we derived a hypothetical evolutionary history of human 4q35, 10q26 and 3p12 chromosome regions focusing on the D4Z4–Beta satellite linked organization. The D4Z4 unit showed an open reading frame (DUX4) at both PTR 4q35 and 3p12 regions; furthermore some subregions of the Beta satellite unit showed a high degree of conservation between chimpanzee and humans. In conclusion, this paper provides evidence that at the 4q subtelomere the linkage between D4Z4 and Beta satellite arrays is a feature that appeared late during evolution and is conserved between chimpanzee and humans. PMID:22824653
The distant red galaxy neighbour population of 1 <~ z <~ 2 QSOs and optically obscured sources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bornancini, Carlos G.; García Lambas, Diego
2007-05-01
We study the distant red galaxy (DRG; J - Ks > 2.3) neighbour population of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in the redshift range 1 <~ z <~ 2. We perform a similar analysis for optically obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs; i.e. with a limiting magnitude I > 24) detected in the mid-infrared (24 μm) with the Spitzer Space Telescope and a mean redshift z ~ 2.2 in the Flamingos Extragalactic Survey (FLAMEX). Both QSOs and obscured AGN target samples cover 4.7 deg2 in the same region of the sky. We find a significant difference in the environment of these two target samples. Neighbouring galaxies close to QSOs tend to be bluer than galaxies in optically obscured source environments. We also present results on the cross-correlation function of DRGs around QSOs and optically faint mid-infrared sources. The corresponding correlation length obtained for the QSO sample targets is r0 = 5.4 +/- 1.6 Mpc h-1 and a slope of γ = 1.94 +/- 0.10. For the optically obscured galaxy sample, we find r0 = 8.9 +/- 1.4 Mpc h-1 and a slope of γ = 2.27 +/- 0.20. These results indicate that optically faint obscured sources are located in denser environment of evolved red galaxies compared to QSOs. Based on observations and/or data products by the Flamingos Extragalactic Survey. FLAMINGOS was designed and constructed by the IR instrumentation group (PI: R. Elston) at the University of Florida, Department of Astronomy, with support from NSF grant AST97-31180 and Kitt Peak National Observatory. E-mail: bornancini@oac.uncor.edu
Constraints on z~10 Galaxies from the Deepest Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Fields
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bouwens, R. J.; Illingworth, G. D.; Thompson, R. I.; Franx, M.
2005-05-01
We use all available fields with deep NICMOS imaging to search for J110-dropouts (H160,AB<~28) at z~10. Our primary data set for this search is the two J110+H160 NICMOS fields taken in parallel with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF). The 5 σ limiting magnitudes were ~28.6 in J110 and ~28.5 in H160 (0.6" apertures). Several shallower fields were also used: J110+H160 NICMOS frames available over the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) North, the HDF-South NICMOS parallel, and the ACS UDF (with 5 σ limiting magnitudes in J110 and H160 ranging from 27.0 to 28.2). The primary selection criterion was (J110-H160)AB>1.8. Eleven such sources were found in all search fields using this criterion. Eight of these are clearly ruled out as credible z~10 sources, either as a result of detections (>2 σ) blueward of J110 or their colors redward of the break (H160-K~1.5) (redder than >~98% of lower redshift dropouts). The nature of the three remaining sources could not be determined from the data. This number appears consistent with the expected contamination from low-redshift interlopers. Analysis of the stacked images for the three candidates also suggests some contamination. Regardless of their true redshifts, the actual number of z~10 sources must be three or fewer. To assess the significance of these results, two lower redshift samples (a z~3.8 B-dropout and z~6 i-dropout sample) were projected to z~7-13 using a (1+z)-1 size scaling (for fixed luminosity). They were added to the image frames and the selection was repeated, giving 15.6 and 4.8 J110-dropouts, respectively. This suggests that to the limit of this probe (~0.3L*z=3), there has been evolution from z~3.8 and possibly from z~6. This is consistent with the strong evolution already noted at z~6 and z~7.5 relative to z~3-4. Even assuming that three sources from this probe are at z~10, the rest-frame continuum UV (~1500 Å) luminosity density at z~10 (integrated down to 0.3L*z=3) is just 0
Large-Signal Lyapunov-Based Stability Analysis of DC/AC Inverters and Inverter-Based Microgrids
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kabalan, Mahmoud
study. This will enable future studies to save computational effort and produce the most accurate results according to the needs of the study being performed. Moreover, the effect of grid (line) impedance on the accuracy of droop control is explored using the 5th order model. Simulation results show that traditional droop control is valid up to R/X line impedance value of 2. Furthermore, the 3rd order nonlinear model improves the currently available inverter-infinite bus models by accounting for grid impedance, active power-frequency droop and reactive power-voltage droop. Results show the 3rd order model's ability to account for voltage and reactive power changes during a transient event. Finally, the large-signal Lyapunov-based stability analysis is completed for a 3 bus microgrid system (made up of 2 inverters and 1 linear load). The thesis provides a systematic state space large-signal nonlinear mathematical modeling method of inverter-based microgrids. The inverters include the dc-side dynamics associated with dc sources. The mathematical model is then used to estimate the domain of asymptotic stability of the 3 bus microgrid. The three bus microgrid system was used as a case study to highlight the design and optimization capability of a large-signal-based approach. The study explores the effect of system component sizing, load transient and generation variations on the asymptotic stability of the microgrid. Essentially, this advancement gives microgrid designers and engineers the ability to manipulate the domain of asymptotic stability depending on performance requirements. Especially important, this research was able to couple the domain of asymptotic stability of the ac microgrid with that of the dc side voltage source. Time domain simulations were used to demonstrate the mathematical nonlinear analysis results.
Fenton, Andrew K; Gerdes, Kenn
2013-07-03
How bacteria coordinate cell growth with division is not well understood. Bacterial cell elongation is controlled by actin-MreB while cell division is governed by tubulin-FtsZ. A ring-like structure containing FtsZ (the Z ring) at mid-cell attracts other cell division proteins to form the divisome, an essential protein assembly required for septum synthesis and cell separation. The Z ring exists at mid-cell during a major part of the cell cycle without contracting. Here, we show that MreB and FtsZ of Escherichia coli interact directly and that this interaction is required for Z ring contraction. We further show that the MreB-FtsZ interaction is required for transfer of cell-wall biosynthetic enzymes from the lateral to the mature divisome, allowing cells to synthesise the septum. Our observations show that bacterial cell division is coupled to cell elongation via a direct and essential interaction between FtsZ and MreB.
Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...
2014-10-24
We report measurements of differential production cross-sections of a Z boson in association with b-jets in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb -1 recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Particle-level cross-sections are determined for events with a Z boson decaying into an electron or muon pair, and containing b-jets. For events with at least one b-jet, the cross-section is presented as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum and rapidity, together with the inclusive b-jet cross-section as a function of b-jet transversemore » momentum, rapidity and angular separations between the b-jet and the Z boson. For events with at least two b-jets, the cross-section is determined as a function of the invariant mass and angular separation of the two highest transverse momentum b-jets, and as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum and rapidity. Lastly, results are compared to leading-order and next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Yang; Liu, Yawen; Liu, Zhihai; Xie, Xiaoyin; Lee, Eun-Cheol
2018-02-01
In this work, we used acetic acid as an additive for the preparation of ZnO layers and improved the performance of poly{4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)-oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophene- 4,6-diyl} (PTB7)-based inverted organic solar cells. The addition of acetic acid to the ZnO precursor solution improved the transparency and conductivity of the sol-gel-synthesized ZnO film, by increasing the grain size of the film. Accordingly, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic solar cells was improved from 6.42% to 7.55%, which was mainly caused by the enhanced current density and fill factor. The best sample demonstrated a high PCE of 7.85% with negligible hysteresis and good stability. Our results indicate that using acetic acid as an additive for the preparation of ZnO is a simple and effective way of fabricating high-performance inverted organic solar cells.
Guo, Pengzhi; Luo, Guoping; Su, Qiang; Li, Jianfeng; Zhang, Peng; Tong, Junfeng; Yang, Chunyan; Xia, Yangjun; Wu, Hongbin
2017-03-29
The photovoltaic cells (PVCs) from conjugated copolymers of PDTBDT-BT and PDTBDT-FBT with 5,10-bis(4,5-didecylthien-2-yl)dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as electron donor moieties and benzothiadiazole and/or 5,6-difluorobenzothiadiazole as electron acceptor moieties are optimized by employing alcohol-soluble PFN (poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) as cathode modification interlayer. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of inverted PVCs (i-PVCs) from PDTBDT-BT and PDTBDT-FBT with devices configuration as ITO/PFN/active layer/MoO 3 /Ag are increased from 4.97% to 8.54% and 5.92% to 8.74%, in contrast to those for the regular PVCs (r-PVCs) with devices configuration as ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Ca/Al under 100 mW/cm 2 AM 1.5 illumination. The optical modeling calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations reveal that the r-PVCs and i-PVCs from the copolymers exhibit similar light harvesting characteristics, and the enhancements of the PCEs of the i-PVCs from the copolymers are mainly contributed to the favorable vertical phase separation as the strongly polymer-enriched top surface layers and slightly PC 71 BM (phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester)-enriched bottom surface layers are correspondingly connected to the anodes and cathodes of the i-PVCs, while they are opposite in the r-PVCs. As we known, it is the first time to experimentally verify that the i-PVCs with alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers cathode modification layers enjoy favorable vertical phase separation.
Micro-seismic imaging using a source function independent full waveform inversion method
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Hanchen; Alkhalifah, Tariq
2018-03-01
At the heart of micro-seismic event measurements is the task to estimate the location of the source micro-seismic events, as well as their ignition times. The accuracy of locating the sources is highly dependent on the velocity model. On the other hand, the conventional micro-seismic source locating methods require, in many cases manual picking of traveltime arrivals, which do not only lead to manual effort and human interaction, but also prone to errors. Using full waveform inversion (FWI) to locate and image micro-seismic events allows for an automatic process (free of picking) that utilizes the full wavefield. However, full waveform inversion of micro-seismic events faces incredible nonlinearity due to the unknown source locations (space) and functions (time). We developed a source function independent full waveform inversion of micro-seismic events to invert for the source image, source function and the velocity model. It is based on convolving reference traces with these observed and modeled to mitigate the effect of an unknown source ignition time. The adjoint-state method is used to derive the gradient for the source image, source function and velocity updates. The extended image for the source wavelet in Z axis is extracted to check the accuracy of the inverted source image and velocity model. Also, angle gathers is calculated to assess the quality of the long wavelength component of the velocity model. By inverting for the source image, source wavelet and the velocity model simultaneously, the proposed method produces good estimates of the source location, ignition time and the background velocity for synthetic examples used here, like those corresponding to the Marmousi model and the SEG/EAGE overthrust model.
A highly predictive A 4 flavor 3-3-1 model with radiative inverse seesaw mechanism
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cárcamo Hernández, A. E.; Long, H. N.
2018-04-01
We build a highly predictive 3-3-1 model, where the field content is extended by including several SU(3) L scalar singlets and six right handed Majorana neutrinos. In our model the {SU}{(3)}C× {SU}{(3)}L× U{(1)}X gauge symmetry is supplemented by the {A}4× {Z}4× {Z}6× {Z}16× {Z}16{\\prime } discrete group, which allows to get a very good description of the low energy fermion flavor data. In the model under consideration, the {A}4× {Z}4× {Z}6× {Z}16× {Z}16{\\prime } discrete group is broken at very high energy scale down to the preserved Z 2 discrete symmetry, thus generating the observed pattern of SM fermion masses and mixing angles and allowing the implementation of the loop level inverse seesaw mechanism for the generation of the light active neutrino masses, respectively. The obtained values for the physical observables in the quark sector agree with the experimental data, whereas those ones for the lepton sector also do, only for the case of inverted neutrino mass spectrum. The normal neutrino mass hierarchy scenario of the model is ruled out by the neutrino oscillation experimental data. We find an effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter of neutrinoless double beta decay of m ee = 46.9 meV, a leptonic Dirac CP violating phase of -81.37° and a Jarlskog invariant of about 10-2 for the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. The preserved Z 2 symmetry allows for a stable scalar dark matter candidate.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Starns, Jeffrey J.; Pazzaglia, Angela M.; Rotello, Caren M.; Hautus, Michael J.; Macmillan, Neil A.
2013-01-01
Source memory zROC slopes change from below 1 to above 1 depending on which source gets the strongest learning. This effect has been attributed to memory processes, either in terms of a threshold source recollection process or changes in the variability of continuous source evidence. We propose 2 decision mechanisms that can produce the slope…
Wafer, Lucas N.; Streicher, Werner W.; McCallum, Scott A.; Makhatadze, George I.
2012-01-01
S100B is a member of the S100 subfamily of EF-hand proteins that has been implicated in malignant melanoma and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Calcium-induced conformational changes expose a hydrophobic binding cleft, facilitating interactions with a wide variety of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and extracellular target proteins. Previously, peptides derived from CapZ, p53, NDR, HDM2 and HDM4 have been shown to interact with S100B in a calcium-dependent manner. However, the thermodynamic and kinetic basis of these interactions remains largely unknown. To gain further insight, these peptides were screened against the S100B protein using isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance. All peptides were found to have binding affinities in the low micromolar to nanomolar range. Binding-induced changes in the line shapes of S100B backbone 1H and 15N were monitored to obtain the dissociation constants and the kinetic binding parameters. The large microscopic Kon rate constants observed in this study, Kon ≥1×107 M-1s-1, suggest that S100B utilizes a “fly casting mechanism” in the recognition of these peptide targets. PMID:22913742
Bottom-quark fusion processes at the LHC for probing Z' models and B -meson decay anomalies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Abdullah, Mohammad; Dalchenko, Mykhailo; Dutta, Bhaskar; Eusebi, Ricardo; Huang, Peisi; Kamon, Teruki; Rathjens, Denis; Thompson, Adrian
2018-04-01
We investigate models of a heavy neutral gauge boson Z' coupling mostly to third generation quarks and second generation leptons. In this scenario, bottom quarks arising from gluon splitting can fuse into Z' allowing the LHC to probe it. In the generic framework presented, anomalies in B -meson decays reported by the LHCb experiment imply a flavor-violating b s coupling of the featured Z' constraining the lowest possible production cross section. A novel approach searching for a Z'(→μ μ ) in association with at least one bottom-tagged jet can probe regions of model parameter space existing analyses are not sensitive to.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Affected Sources as Required by 40 CFR 63.685(b)(2) 4 Table 4 to Subpart DD of Part 63 Protection of... Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations Pt. 63, Subpt. DD, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart DD of Part 63—Tank Control Levels for Tanks at New Affected Sources as Required by 40 CFR 63.685(b...
The contribution of faint AGNs to the ionizing background at z 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Grazian, A.; Giallongo, E.; Boutsia, K.; Cristiani, S.; Vanzella, E.; Scarlata, C.; Santini, P.; Pentericci, L.; Merlin, E.; Menci, N.; Fontanot, F.; Fontana, A.; Fiore, F.; Civano, F.; Castellano, M.; Brusa, M.; Bonchi, A.; Carini, R.; Cusano, F.; Faccini, M.; Garilli, B.; Marchetti, A.; Rossi, A.; Speziali, R.
2018-05-01
Context. Finding the sources responsible for the hydrogen reionization is one of the most pressing issues in observational cosmology. Bright quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are known to ionize their surrounding neighborhood, but they are too few to ensure the required HI ionizing background. A significant contribution by faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs), however, could solve the problem, as recently advocated on the basis of a relatively large space density of faint active nuclei at z > 4. Aims: This work is part of a long-term project aimed at measuring the Lyman Continuum escape fraction for a large sample of AGNs at z 4 down to an absolute magnitude of M1450 -23. We have carried out an exploratory spectroscopic program to measure the HI ionizing emission of 16 faint AGNs spanning a broad U - I color interval, with I 21-23, and 3.6 < z < 4.2. These AGNs are three magnitudes fainter than the typical SDSS QSOs (M1450 ≲-26) which are known to ionize their surrounding IGM at z ≳ 4. Methods: We acquired deep spectra of these faint AGNs with spectrographs available at the VLT, LBT, and Magellan telescopes, that is, FORS2, MODS1-2, and LDSS3, respectively. The emission in the Lyman Continuum region, close to 900 Å rest frame, has been detected with a signal to noise ratio of 10-120 for all 16 AGNs. The flux ratio between the 900 Å rest-frame region and 930 Å provides a robust estimate of the escape fraction of HI ionizing photons. Results: We have found that the Lyman Continuum escape fraction is between 44 and 100% for all the observed faint AGNs, with a mean value of 74% at 3.6 < z < 4.2 and - 25.1 ≲ M1450 ≲-23.3, in agreement with the value found in the literature for much brighter QSOs (M1450 ≲-26) at the same redshifts. The Lyman Continuum escape fraction of our faint AGNs does not show any dependence on the absolute luminosities or on the observed U - I colors of the objects. Assuming that the Lyman Continuum escape fraction remains close to 75% down
Etiological role of human papillomavirus infection for inverted papilloma of the bladder.
Shigehara, Kazuyoshi; Sasagawa, Toshiyuki; Doorbar, John; Kawaguchi, Shohei; Kobori, Yoshitomo; Nakashima, Takao; Shimamura, Masayoshi; Maeda, Yuji; Miyagi, Tohru; Kitagawa, Yasuhide; Kadono, Yoshifumi; Konaka, Hiroyuki; Mizokami, Atsushi; Koh, Eitetsu; Namiki, Mikio
2011-02-01
The status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in urothelial inverted papilloma was examined in the present study. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from eight cases of inverted papilloma of the bladder were studied. The presence of HPV-DNA was examined by modified GP5/6+PCR using archival tissue sections by microdissection. HPV genotype was determined with a Hybri-Max HPV genotyping kit. Immunohistochemical analysis for p16-INK4a, mcm7, HPV-E4, and L1, and in situ hybridization for the HPV genome were performed. HPV was detected in seven of eight cases (87.5%) of inverted papilloma. Three cases were diagnosed as inverted papilloma with atypia, while the remaining five were typical cases. HPV-18 was detected in two cases, including one inverted papilloma with atypia, and HPV-16 was detected in four cases, including one inverted papilloma with atypia. Multiple HPV type infection was detected in one typical case and one atypical case. High-risk HPV was present in all HPV-positive cases. Cellular proteins, p16-INK4a and mcm7, which are surrogate markers for HPV-E7 expression, were detected in all HPV-positive cases, and their levels were higher in inverted papilloma with atypia than in typical cases. In contrast, HPV-E4 and L1, which are markers for HPV propagation, were observed in some parts of the typical inverted papilloma tissue. High-risk HPV infection may be one of the causes of urothelial inverted papilloma, and inverted papilloma with atypia may have malignant potential. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Soft A 4→Z 3 symmetry breaking and cobimaximal neutrino mixing
Ma, Ernest
2016-03-28
In this study, I propose a model of radiative charged-lepton and neutrino masses with A 4 symmetry. The soft breaking of A 4 to Z 3 lepton triality is accomplished by dimension-three terms. The breaking of Z 3 by dimension-two terms allows cobimaximal neutrino mixing (θ 13 ≠ 0, θ 23 = π/4, δ cp=π/2) to be realized with only very small finite calculable deviations from the residual Z 3 lepton triality. This construction solves a long-standing technical problem inherent in renormalizable A 4 models since their inception.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhou, S.; Yomano, L.P.; Saleh, A.Z.
1999-06-01
Escherichia coli B has been engineered as a biocatalyst for the conversion of lignocellulose into ethanol. Previous research has demonstrated that derivatives of E. coli B can produce high levels of Erwinia chrysanthemi endoglucanase (encoded by celZ) as a periplasmic product and that this enzyme can function with commercial fungal cellulase to increase ethanol production. In this study, the authors have demonstrated two methods that improve celZ expression in E. coli B. Initially, with a low-copy-number vector, two E. coli glycolytic gene promoters (gap and eno) were tested and found to be less effective than the original celZ promoter. Bymore » screening 18,000 random fragments of Zymomonas mobilis DNA, a surrogate promoter was identified which increased celZ expression up to sixfold. With this promoter, large polar inclusion bodies were clearly evident in the periplasmic space. Sequencing revealed that the most active surrogate promoter is derived from five Sau3A1 fragments, one of which was previously sequenced in Z. mobilis. Visual inspection indicated that this DNA fragment contains at least five putative promoter regions, two of which were confirmed by primer extension analysis. Addition of the out genes from E. chrysanthemi EC16 caused a further increase in the production of active enzyme and facilitated secretion or release of over half of the activity into the extracellular environment. With the most active construct, of a total of 13,000 IU of active enzyme per liter of culture, 7,800 IU was in the supernatant. The total active endoglucanase was estimated to represent 4 to 6% of cellular protein.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Y. Q.; Hirosaki, N.; Xie, R. J.; Takeda, T.; Mitomo, M.
2008-12-01
The crystal structure, electronic structure, and photoluminescence properties of Eu xSi 6-zAl z-xO z+xN 8-z-x ( x=0-0.1, 0< z<1) and Eu xM ySi 6-zAl z-x-yO z+x+yN 8-z-x-y ( M=2Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) have been studied. Single-phase Eu xSi 6-zAl z-xO z+xN 8-z-x can be obtained in very narrow ranges of x⩽0.06 ( z=0.15) and z<0.5 ( x=0.3), indicating that limited Eu 2+ ions can be incorporated into nitrogen-rich Si 6-zAl zO zN 8-z. The Eu 2+ ion is found to occupy the 2 b site in a hexagonal unit cell ( P6 3/ m) and directly connected by six adjacent nitrogen/oxygen atoms ranging 2.4850-2.5089 Å. The calculated host band gaps by the relativistic DV-X α method are about 5.55 and 5.45 eV (without Eu 2+ 4 f5 d levels) for x=0 and 0.013 in Eu xSi 6-zAl z-xO z+xN 8-z-x ( z=0.15), in which the top of the 5 d orbitals overlap with the Si-3 s3 p and N-2 p orbitals within the bottom of the conduction band of the host. Eu xSi 6-zAl z-xO z+xN 8-z-x shows a strong green emission with a broad Eu 2+ band centered at about 530 nm under UV to near-UV excitation range. The excitation and emission spectra are hardly modified by Eu concentration and dual-doping ions of Li and other alkaline-earth ions with Eu. Higher Eu concentrations can significantly quench the luminescence of Eu 2+ and decrease the thermal quenching temperature. In addition, the emission spectrum can only be slightly tuned to the longer wavelengths (˜529-545 nm) by increasing z within the solid solution range of z<0.5. Furthermore, the luminescence intensity of Eu xSi 6-zAl z-xO z+xN 8-z-x can be improved by increasing z and the dual-doping of Li and Ba.
Module Embedded Micro-inverter Smart Grid Ready Residential Solar Electric System
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Agamy, Mohammed
The “Module Embedded Micro-inverter Smart Grid Ready Residential Solar Electric System” program is focused on developing innovative concepts for residential photovoltaic (PV) systems with the following objectives: to create an Innovative micro-inverter topology that reduces the cost from the best in class micro-inverter and provides high efficiency (>96% CEC - California Energy Commission), and 25+ year warranty, as well as reactive power support; integrate micro-inverter and PV module to reduce system price by at least $0.25/W through a) accentuating dual use of the module metal frame as a large area heat spreader reducing operating temperature, and b) eliminating redundant wiringmore » and connectors; and create micro-inverter controller handles smart grid and safety functions to simplify implementation and reduce cost.« less
Fenton, Andrew K; Gerdes, Kenn
2013-01-01
How bacteria coordinate cell growth with division is not well understood. Bacterial cell elongation is controlled by actin–MreB while cell division is governed by tubulin–FtsZ. A ring-like structure containing FtsZ (the Z ring) at mid-cell attracts other cell division proteins to form the divisome, an essential protein assembly required for septum synthesis and cell separation. The Z ring exists at mid-cell during a major part of the cell cycle without contracting. Here, we show that MreB and FtsZ of Escherichia coli interact directly and that this interaction is required for Z ring contraction. We further show that the MreB–FtsZ interaction is required for transfer of cell-wall biosynthetic enzymes from the lateral to the mature divisome, allowing cells to synthesise the septum. Our observations show that bacterial cell division is coupled to cell elongation via a direct and essential interaction between FtsZ and MreB. PMID:23756461
Inverter-based GTA welding machines improve fabrication
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sammons, M.
2000-05-01
While known as precision process, many fabricators using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process fight several common problems that hinder quality, slow production, frustrate the operator and otherwise prevent the process from achieving its full potential. These include a limited ability to tailor the weld bead profile, poor control of the arc direction and arc wandering, poor arc starting, unstable or inconsistent arcs in the AC mode, high-frequency interference with electronics and tungsten contamination. Fortunately, new GTA welding technology--made possible by advances with inverter-based power sources and micro-processor controls--can eliminate common productivity gremlins. Further, new AC/DC inverter-based GTA powermore » sources provide advanced arc shaping capabilities. As a result, many fabricators adopting this new technology have experienced phenomenal production increases, taken on new types of projects and reduced costs. Most importantly, the operators enjoy welding more.« less
Clament Sagaya Selvam, N; Kim, Yeong Gyeong; Kim, Dong Jin; Hong, Won-Hwa; Kim, Woong; Park, Sung Hyuk; Jo, Wan-Kuen
2018-09-01
The efficient photocatalytic degradation of harmful organic pollutants (isoniazid (ISN) and 1,4-dioxane (DX)) via the Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism was accomplished using a photostable composite photocatalyst consisting of BiVO 4 , CdS, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Compared to their pristine counterparts, the RGO-mediated Z-scheme CdS/BiVO 4 (CdS/RGO-BiVO 4 ) nanocomposites exhibited superior degradation activities, mainly attributed to the prolonged charge separation. RGO was found to be involved in visible-light harvesting and acted as a solid-state electron mediator at the CdS/BiVO 4 interface to realize an effective Z-scheme electron transfer pathway, avoid photocatalyst self-oxidation, and lengthen the life span of charge carriers. The results of reactive species scavenging experiments, photoluminescence measurements, and transient photocurrent measurements, as well as the calculated band potentials of the synthesized photocatalysts, supported the Z-scheme electron/hole pair separation mechanism. Additionally, the intermediates formed during the degradation of ISN and DX were identified, and a possible fragmentation pattern was proposed. This systematic work aims to develop photostable Z-scheme composites as unique photocatalytic systems for the efficient removal of harmful organic pollutants. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Intracluster light in clusters of galaxies at redshifts 0.4 < z < 0.8
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guennou, L.; Adami, C.; Da Rocha, C.; Durret, F.; Ulmer, M. P.; Allam, S.; Basa, S.; Benoist, C.; Biviano, A.; Clowe, D.; Gavazzi, R.; Halliday, C.; Ilbert, O.; Johnston, D.; Just, D.; Kron, R.; Kubo, J. M.; Le Brun, V.; Marshall, P.; Mazure, A.; Murphy, K. J.; Pereira, D. N. E.; Rabaça, C. R.; Rostagni, F.; Rudnick, G.; Russeil, D.; Schrabback, T.; Slezak, E.; Tucker, D.; Zaritsky, D.
2012-01-01
Context. The study of intracluster light (ICL) can help us to understand the mechanisms taking place in galaxy clusters, and to place constraints on the cluster formation history and physical properties. However, owing to the intrinsic faintness of ICL emission, most searches and detailed studies of ICL have been limited to redshifts z < 0.4. Aims: To help us extend our knowledge of ICL properties to higher redshifts and study the evolution of ICL with redshift, we search for ICL in a subsample of ten clusters detected by the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS), at redshifts 0.4 < z < 0.8, that are also part of our DAFT/FADA Survey. Methods: We analyze the ICL by applying the OV WAV package, a wavelet-based technique, to deep HST ACS images in the F814W filter and to V-band VLT/FORS2 images of three clusters. Detection levels are assessed as a function of the diffuse light source surface brightness using simulations. Results: In the F814W filter images, we detect diffuse light sources in all the clusters, with typical sizes of a few tens of kpc (assuming that they are at the cluster redshifts). The ICL detected by stacking the ten F814W images shows an 8σ detection in the source center extending over a ~50 × 50 kpc2 area, with a total absolute magnitude of -21.6 in the F814W filter, equivalent to about two L∗ galaxies per cluster. We find a weak correlation between the total F814W absolute magnitude of the ICL and the cluster velocity dispersion and mass. There is no apparent correlation between the cluster mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and the amount of ICL, and no evidence of any preferential orientation in the ICL source distribution. We find no strong variation in the amount of ICL between z = 0 and z = 0.8. In addition, we find wavelet-detected compact objects (WDCOs) in the three clusters for which data in two bands are available; these objects are probably very faint compact galaxies that in some cases are members of the respective clusters and comparable to
Silicon controlled rectifier polyphase bridge inverter commutated with gate-turn-off thyristor
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Edwards, Dean B. (Inventor); Rippel, Wally E. (Inventor)
1986-01-01
A polyphase SCR inverter (10) having N switching poles, each comprised of two SCR switches (1A, 1B; 2A, 2B . . . NA, NB) and two diodes (D1B; D1B; D2A, D2B . . . DNA, DNB) in series opposition with saturable reactors (L1A, L1B; L2A, L2B . . . LNA, LNB) connecting the junctions between the SCR switches and diodes to an output terminal (1, 2 . . . 3) is commutated with only one GTO thyristor (16) connected between the common negative terminal of a dc source and a tap of a series inductor (14) connected to the positive terminal of the dc source. A clamp winding (22) and diode (24) are provided, as is a snubber (18) which may have its capacitance (c) sized for maximum load current divided into a plurality of capacitors (C.sub.1, C.sub.2 . . . C.sub.N), each in series with an SCR switch S.sub.1, S.sub.2 . . . S.sub.N). The total capacitance may be selected by activating selected switches as a function of load current. A resistor 28 and SCR switch 26 shunt reverse current when the load acts as a generator, such as a motor while braking.
Three-phase Four-leg Inverter LabVIEW FPGA Control Code
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
In the area of power electronics control, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have the capability to outperform their Digital Signal Processor (DSP) counterparts due to the FPGA’s ability to implement true parallel processing and therefore facilitate higher switching frequencies, higher control bandwidth, and/or enhanced functionality. National Instruments (NI) has developed two platforms, Compact RIO (cRIO) and Single Board RIO (sbRIO), which combine a real-time processor with an FPGA. The FPGA can be programmed with a subset of the well-known LabVIEW graphical programming language. The use of cRIO and sbRIO for power electronics control has developed over the last few yearsmore » to include control of three-phase inverters. Most three-phase inverter topologies include three switching legs. The addition of a fourth-leg to natively generate the neutral connection allows the inverter to serve single-phase loads in a microgrid or stand-alone power system and to balance the three-phase voltages in the presence of significant load imbalance. However, the control of a four-leg inverter is much more complex. In particular, instead of standard two-dimensional space vector modulation (SVM), the inverter requires three-dimensional space vector modulation (3D-SVM). The candidate software implements complete control algorithms in LabVIEW FPGA for a three-phase four-leg inverter. The software includes feedback control loops, three-dimensional space vector modulation gate-drive algorithms, advanced alarm handling capabilities, contactor control, power measurements, and debugging and tuning tools. The feedback control loops allow inverter operation in AC voltage control, AC current control, or DC bus voltage control modes based on external mode selection by a user or supervisory controller. The software includes the ability to synchronize its AC output to the grid or other voltage-source before connection. The software also includes provisions to allow inverter operation
The underside of the cerebral cortex: layer V/VI spiny inverted neurons
Mendizabal-Zubiaga, Juan L; Reblet, Concepcion; Bueno-Lopez, Jose L
2007-01-01
This paper presents an account of past and current research on spiny inverted neurons – alternatively also known as ‘inverted pyramidal neurons’– in rats, rabbits and cats. In our laboratory, we have studied these cells with a battery of techniques suited for light and electron microscopy, including Nissl staining, Golgi impregnation, dye intracellular filling and axon retrograde track-tracing. Our results show that spiny inverted neurons make up less than 8.5 and 5.5% of all cortical neurons in the primary and secondary rabbit visual cortex, respectively. Infragranular spiny inverted neurons constitute 15 and 8.5% of infragranular neurons in the same animal and areas. Spiny inverted neurons congregate at layers V–VI in all studied species. Studies have also revealed that spiny inverted neurons are excitatory neurons which furnish axons for various cortico-cortical, cortico-claustral and cortico-striatal projections, but not for non-telencephalic centres such as the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei, the colliculi or the pons. As a group, each subset of inverted cells contributing to a given projection is located below the pyramidal neurons whose axons furnish the same centre. Spiny inverted neurons are particularly conspicuous as a source of the backward cortico-cortical projection to primary visual cortex and from this to the claustrum. Indeed, they constitute up to 82% of the infragranular cells that furnish these projections. Spiny inverted neurons may be classified into three subtypes according to the point of origin of the axon on the cell: the somatic basal pole which faces the cortical outer surface, the somatic flank and the reverse apical dendrite. As seen with electron microscopy, the axon initial segments of these subtypes are distinct from one another, not only in length and thickness, but also in the number of received synaptic boutons. All of these anatomical features together may support a synaptic-input integration which is peculiar to
High brightness electrodeless Z-Pinch EUV source for mask inspection tools
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Horne, Stephen F.; Partlow, Matthew J.; Gustafson, Deborah S.; Besen, Matthew M.; Smith, Donald K.; Blackborow, Paul A.
2012-03-01
Energetiq Technology has been shipping the EQ-10 Electrodeless Z-pinchTM light source since 1995. The source is currently being used for metrology, mask inspection, and resist development. Energetiq's higher brightness source has been selected as the source for pre-production actinic mask inspection tools. This improved source enables the mask inspection tool suppliers to build prototype tools with capabilities of defect detection and review down to 16nm design rules. In this presentation we will present new source technology being developed at Energetiq to address the critical source brightness issue. The new technology will be shown to be capable of delivering brightness levels sufficient to meet the HVM requirements of AIMS and ABI and potentially API tools. The basis of the source technology is to use the stable pinch of the electrodeless light source and have a brightness of up to 100W/mm(carat)2-sr. We will explain the source design concepts, discuss the expected performance and present the modeling results for the new design.
Divac, Vera M; Puchta, Ralph; Bugarčić, Zorica M
2012-08-02
The mechanism of phenylselenoetherification of (Z)- and (E)-hex-4-en-1-ols using some bases (triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline, 2,2'-bipyridine) as catalysts and some solvents [tetrahydrofuran (THF) and CCl4] as reaction media was examined through studies of kinetics of the cyclization by UV-vis spectrophotometry. It was demonstrated that the intramolecular cyclization is facilitated in the presence of bases as a result of the hydrogen bond between the base and the alkenol's OH group. The rate constants in the base-catalyzed reactions are remarkably influenced by the bulkiness and basicity of the base used and the nature of the considered nitrogen donors. The obtained values for rate constants show that the reaction with triethylamine is the fastest one. THF with higher polarity and higher basic character is better as a solvent than CCl4. Quantum-chemical calculations [MP2(fc)/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G** + ZPE(B3LYP/6-311+G**] show that the cyclization of (Z)-hex-4-en-1-ol to a tetrahydrofuranoid five-membered ring is kinetically controlled, while the cyclization of (E)-hex-4-en-1-ol to the tetrahydropyranoid six-membered ring is thermodynamically controlled. This is in accordance with previous experimental findings.
Ma, Mingyao; Hu, Haibing; Kutkut, Nasser; Batarseh, Issa; Shen, John; , Bkayrat, Raed
2017-08-01
A system connected to an AC power grid having an AC phase signal includes an inverter module including a first inverter coupled to a DC voltage, actuated based on the AC phase signal. The first inverter provides a first voltage signal having predetermined harmonic components. A second inverter includes second switch elements coupled to the DC voltage and actuated by a second set of control signals phase delayed with respect to the first control signals. A transformer module has first and second primary windings coupled to the first and second inverters. The transformer module further includes a secondary winding coupled to first primary winding, the second primary winding, and the AC power grid. The secondary winding is configured to provide a secondary output voltage to the AC power grid by combining the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal such that the predetermined harmonic components are substantially cancelled.
Neiner, Doinita; Sevryugina, Yulia V; Schubert, David M
2016-09-06
The compound known since the 19th century as ammonium octaborate was structurally characterized revealing the ammonium salt of the ribbon isomer of the heptaborate anion, [B7O9(OH)5](2-), with boric acid and water molecules. Of composition (NH4)2B7.75O12.63·4.88H2O, it approximates the classical ammonium octaborate composition (NH4)2B8O13·6H2O and has the structural formula {(NH4)2[B7O9(OH)5]}4·3B(OH)3·5H2O. It spontaneously forms at room temperature in solid-state mixtures of ammonium tetraborate and ammonium pentaborate. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 11.4137(2) Å, b = 11.8877(2) Å, c = 23.4459(3) Å, β = 90.092(1)°, V = 3181.19(8) Å(3), and Z = 2 and contains well-ordered ammonium cations and [B7O9(OH)5](2-) anions and disordered B(OH)3 and H2O molecules linked by extensive H bonding. Expeditious solid-state formation of the heptaborate anion under ambient conditions has important implications for development of practical syntheses of industrially useful borates.
Nature of the Diffuse Source and Its Central Point-like Source in SNR 0509–67.5
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Litke, Katrina C.; Chu, You-Hua; Holmes, Abigail
We examine a diffuse emission region near the center of SNR 0509−67.5 to determine its nature. Within this diffuse region we observe a point-like source that is bright in the near-IR, but is not visible in the B and V bands. We consider an emission line observed at 6766 Å and the possibilities that it is Ly α , H α , and [O ii] λ 3727. We examine the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source, comprised of Hubble Space Telescope B , V , I , J , and H bands in addition to Spitzer /IRAC 3.6, 4.5,more » 5.8, and 8 μ m bands. The peak of the SED is consistent with a background galaxy at z ≈ 0.8 ± 0.2 and a possible Balmer jump places the galaxy at z ≈ 0.9 ± 0.3. These SED considerations support the emission line’s identification as [O ii] λ 3727. We conclude that the diffuse source in SNR 0509−67.5 is a background galaxy at z ≈ 0.82. Furthermore, we identify the point-like source superposed near the center of the galaxy as its central bulge. Finally, we find no evidence for a surviving companion star, indicating a double-degenerate origin for SNR 0509−67.5.« less
An Analytic Solution for Surface Source Sigma Z Calculations.
1981-01-01
diabatic influence function , dimensionless temperature gradient 20. continued. - urbulence as a function of stability for inversion conditions. The...diabatic influence function (f). The unstable u = u,(In(z/zo) - )/k (4) regime diabatic influence function as defined by Paulson (1970) is presented in
Clapp, Jannine ; Mitchell, Laura M. ; Bolland, Daniel J. ; Fantes, Judy ; Corcoran, Anne E. ; Scotting, Paul J. ; Armour, John A. L. ; Hewitt, Jane E.
2007-01-01
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by deletions within the polymorphic DNA tandem array D4Z4. Each D4Z4 repeat unit has an open reading frame (ORF), termed “DUX4,” containing two homeobox sequences. Because there has been no evidence of a transcript from the array, these deletions are thought to cause FSHD by a position effect on other genes. Here, we identify D4Z4 homologues in the genomes of rodents, Afrotheria (superorder of elephants and related species), and other species and show that the DUX4 ORF is conserved. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that primate and Afrotherian D4Z4 arrays are orthologous and originated from a retrotransposed copy of an intron-containing DUX gene, DUXC. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and RNA fluorescence and tissue in situ hybridization data indicate transcription of the mouse array. Together with the conservation of the DUX4 ORF for >100 million years, this strongly supports a coding function for D4Z4 and necessitates re-examination of current models of the FSHD disease mechanism. PMID:17668377
Non-B DB: a database of predicted non-B DNA-forming motifs in mammalian genomes.
Cer, Regina Z; Bruce, Kevin H; Mudunuri, Uma S; Yi, Ming; Volfovsky, Natalia; Luke, Brian T; Bacolla, Albino; Collins, Jack R; Stephens, Robert M
2011-01-01
Although the capability of DNA to form a variety of non-canonical (non-B) structures has long been recognized, the overall significance of these alternate conformations in biology has only recently become accepted en masse. In order to provide access to genome-wide locations of these classes of predicted structures, we have developed non-B DB, a database integrating annotations and analysis of non-B DNA-forming sequence motifs. The database provides the most complete list of alternative DNA structure predictions available, including Z-DNA motifs, quadruplex-forming motifs, inverted repeats, mirror repeats and direct repeats and their associated subsets of cruciforms, triplex and slipped structures, respectively. The database also contains motifs predicted to form static DNA bends, short tandem repeats and homo(purine•pyrimidine) tracts that have been associated with disease. The database has been built using the latest releases of the human, chimp, dog, macaque and mouse genomes, so that the results can be compared directly with other data sources. In order to make the data interpretable in a genomic context, features such as genes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and repetitive elements (SINE, LINE, etc.) have also been incorporated. The database is accessed through query pages that produce results with links to the UCSC browser and a GBrowse-based genomic viewer. It is freely accessible at http://nonb.abcc.ncifcrf.gov.
Sekiya, Sadanori; Nagoshi, Keishiro; Iwamoto, Shinichi; Tanaka, Koichi; Takayama, Mitsuo
2015-09-01
The fragment ions observed with time-of-flight (TOF) and quadrupole ion trap (QIT) TOF mass spectrometers (MS) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD) experiments of phosphorylated analytes β-casein and its model peptide were compared from the standpoint of the residence timeframe of analyte and fragment ions in the MALDI ion source and QIT cell. The QIT-TOF MS gave fragment c-, z'-, z-ANL, y-, and b-ions, and further degraded fragments originating from the loss of neutrals such as H(2)O, NH(3), CH(2)O (from serine), C2H4O (from threonine), and H(3)PO(4), whereas the TOF MS merely showed MALDI source-generated fragment c-, z'-, z-ANL, y-, and w-ions. The fragment ions observed in the QIT-TOF MS could be explained by the injection of the source-generated ions into the QIT cell or a cooperative effect of a little internal energy deposition, a long residence timeframe (140 ms) in the QIT cell, and specific amino acid effects on low-energy CID, whereas the source-generated fragments (c-, z'-, z-ANL, y-, and w-ions) could be a result of prompt radical-initiated fragmentation of hydrogen-abundant radical ions [M + H + H](+) and [M + H - H](-) within the 53 ns timeframe, which corresponds to the delayed extraction time. The further degraded fragment b/y-ions produced in the QIT cell were confirmed by positive- and negative-ion low-energy CID experiments performed on the source-generated ions (c-, z'-, and y-ions). The loss of phosphoric acid (98 u) from analyte and fragment ions can be explained by a slow ergodic fragmentation independent of positive and negative charges.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sekiya, Sadanori; Nagoshi, Keishiro; Iwamoto, Shinichi; Tanaka, Koichi; Takayama, Mitsuo
2015-09-01
The fragment ions observed with time-of-flight (TOF) and quadrupole ion trap (QIT) TOF mass spectrometers (MS) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD) experiments of phosphorylated analytes β-casein and its model peptide were compared from the standpoint of the residence timeframe of analyte and fragment ions in the MALDI ion source and QIT cell. The QIT-TOF MS gave fragment c-, z'-, z-ANL, y-, and b-ions, and further degraded fragments originating from the loss of neutrals such as H2O, NH3, CH2O (from serine), C2H4O (from threonine), and H3PO4, whereas the TOF MS merely showed MALDI source-generated fragment c-, z'-, z-ANL, y-, and w-ions. The fragment ions observed in the QIT-TOF MS could be explained by the injection of the source-generated ions into the QIT cell or a cooperative effect of a little internal energy deposition, a long residence timeframe (140 ms) in the QIT cell, and specific amino acid effects on low-energy CID, whereas the source-generated fragments (c-, z'-, z-ANL, y-, and w-ions) could be a result of prompt radical-initiated fragmentation of hydrogen-abundant radical ions [M + H + H]+ and [M + H - H]- within the 53 ns timeframe, which corresponds to the delayed extraction time. The further degraded fragment b/y-ions produced in the QIT cell were confirmed by positive- and negative-ion low-energy CID experiments performed on the source-generated ions (c-, z'-, and y-ions). The loss of phosphoric acid (98 u) from analyte and fragment ions can be explained by a slow ergodic fragmentation independent of positive and negative charges.
The Quest for Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift z ≳ 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mancuso, C.; Lapi, A.; Shi, J.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Aversa, R.; Danese, L.
2016-06-01
We exploit the continuity equation approach and “main-sequence” star formation timescales to show that the observed high abundance of galaxies with stellar masses ≳ a few 1010 M ⊙ at redshift z ≳ 4 implies the existence of a galaxy population featuring large star formation rates (SFRs) ψ ≳ 102 M ⊙ yr-1 in heavily dust-obscured conditions. These galaxies constitute the high-redshift counterparts of the dusty star-forming population already surveyed for z ≲ 3 in the far-IR band by the Herschel Space Observatory. We work out specific predictions for the evolution of the corresponding stellar mass and SFR functions out to z ˜ 10, determining that the number density at z ≲ 8 for SFRs ψ ≳ 30 M ⊙ yr-1 cannot be estimated relying on the UV luminosity function alone, even when standard corrections for dust extinction based on the UV slope are applied. We compute the number counts and redshift distributions (including galaxy-scale gravitational lensing) of this galaxy population, and show that current data from the AzTEC-LABOCA, SCUBA-2, and ALMA-SPT surveys are already addressing it. We demonstrate how an observational strategy based on color preselection in the far-IR or (sub-)millimeter band with Herschel and SCUBA-2, supplemented by photometric data from on-source observations with ALMA, can allow us to reconstruct the bright end of the SFR functions out to z ≲ 8. In parallel, such a challenging task can be managed by exploiting current UV surveys in combination with (sub-)millimeter observations by ALMA and NIKA2 and/or radio observations by SKA and its precursors.
A search for Hα emission in high-metallicity damped Lyman α systems at z ˜ 2.4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Wei-Hao; Kanekar, Nissim; Prochaska, J. Xavier
2015-04-01
We report on a sensitive search for redshifted Hα line-emission from three high-metallicity damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) at z ≈ 2.4 with the Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrometer (NIFS) on the Gemini-North telescope, assisted by the ALTtitude conjugate Adaptive optics for the InfraRed (ALTAIR) system with a laser guide star. Within the NIFS field-of-view, ≈3.22 arcsec × 2.92 arcsec corresponding to ≈25 kpc × 23 kpc at z = 2.4, we detect no statistically significant line-emission at the expected redshifted Hα wavelengths. The measured root-mean-square noise fluctuations in 0.4 arcsec apertures are 1-3 × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2. Our analysis of simulated, compact, line-emitting sources yields stringent limits on the star formation rates (SFRs) of the three DLAs, <2.2 M⊙ yr-1 (3σ) for two absorbers, and <11 M⊙ yr-1 (3σ) for the third, at all impact parameters within ≈12.5 kpc to the quasar sightline at the DLA redshift. For the third absorber, the SFR limit is <4.4 M⊙ yr-1 for locations away from the quasar sightline. These results demonstrate the potential of adaptive optics-assisted, integral field unit searches for galaxies associated with high-z DLAs.
Kimura, Takumi; Kawai, Kiyohiko; Majima, Tetsuro
2004-02-07
The electron transfer quenching of 2-aminopurine by guanine and 7-deazaguanine was investigated in B- and Z-DNA, and an increase in the fluorescence intensity of 2-aminopurine upon B- to Z-DNA transition was demonstrated.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ferreira, Timothy; Morrison, Gregory; Yeon, Jeongho
2016-04-15
Millimeter sized crystals of six oxides of approximate composition Ba{sub 4}M{sub z}Pt{sub 3-z}O{sub 9} (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Pt) were grown from molten K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} fluxes and found to crystallize in a 2H hexagonal perovskite-related structure type. The compositions of these incommensurate structures, which belong to the A{sub 3n+3m}A′{sub n}B{sub 3m+n}O{sub 9m+6n} family of 2H hexagonal perovskite related oxides, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The specific synthetic considerations, crystal growth conditions, and magnetic susceptibility measurements are discussed. - Graphical abstract: SEM image and average commensurate unit cell of Ba{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}O{submore » 9.} - Highlights: • Single crystals of the series Ba{sub 4}A′{sub z}Pt{sub 3-z}O{sub 9} were grown via a molten carbonate flux. • Ba{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}O{sub 9} and all substitutional variants are incommensurate, composite structures. • All compounds have an approximate stoichiometry of Ba{sub 4}A′Pt{sub 2}O{sub 9.}.« less
Origin-Dependent Inverted-Repeat Amplification: Tests of a Model for Inverted DNA Amplification
Brewer, Bonita J.; Payen, Celia; Di Rienzi, Sara C.; Higgins, Megan M.; Ong, Giang; Dunham, Maitreya J.; Raghuraman, M. K.
2015-01-01
DNA replication errors are a major driver of evolution—from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large-scale copy number variations (CNVs). Here we test a specific replication-based model to explain the generation of interstitial, inverted triplications. While no genetic information is lost, the novel inversion junctions and increased copy number of the included sequences create the potential for adaptive phenotypes. The model—Origin-Dependent Inverted-Repeat Amplification (ODIRA)—proposes that a replication error at pre-existing short, interrupted, inverted repeats in genomic sequences generates an extrachromosomal, inverted dimeric, autonomously replicating intermediate; subsequent genomic integration of the dimer yields this class of CNV without loss of distal chromosomal sequences. We used a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches to test the feasibility of the proposed replication error and its downstream consequences on chromosome structure in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that the proposed replication error—the ligation of leading and lagging nascent strands to create “closed” forks—can occur in vitro at short, interrupted inverted repeats. The removal of molecules with two closed forks results in a hairpin-capped linear duplex that we show replicates in vivo to create an inverted, dimeric plasmid that subsequently integrates into the genome by homologous recombination, creating an inverted triplication. While other models have been proposed to explain inverted triplications and their derivatives, our model can also explain the generation of human, de novo, inverted amplicons that have a 2:1 mixture of sequences from both homologues of a single parent—a feature readily explained by a plasmid intermediate that arises from one homologue and integrates into the other homologue prior to meiosis. Our tests of key features of ODIRA lend support to this mechanism and suggest further avenues of enquiry to unravel the origins of
Origin-Dependent Inverted-Repeat Amplification: Tests of a Model for Inverted DNA Amplification.
Brewer, Bonita J; Payen, Celia; Di Rienzi, Sara C; Higgins, Megan M; Ong, Giang; Dunham, Maitreya J; Raghuraman, M K
2015-12-01
DNA replication errors are a major driver of evolution--from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large-scale copy number variations (CNVs). Here we test a specific replication-based model to explain the generation of interstitial, inverted triplications. While no genetic information is lost, the novel inversion junctions and increased copy number of the included sequences create the potential for adaptive phenotypes. The model--Origin-Dependent Inverted-Repeat Amplification (ODIRA)-proposes that a replication error at pre-existing short, interrupted, inverted repeats in genomic sequences generates an extrachromosomal, inverted dimeric, autonomously replicating intermediate; subsequent genomic integration of the dimer yields this class of CNV without loss of distal chromosomal sequences. We used a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches to test the feasibility of the proposed replication error and its downstream consequences on chromosome structure in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that the proposed replication error-the ligation of leading and lagging nascent strands to create "closed" forks-can occur in vitro at short, interrupted inverted repeats. The removal of molecules with two closed forks results in a hairpin-capped linear duplex that we show replicates in vivo to create an inverted, dimeric plasmid that subsequently integrates into the genome by homologous recombination, creating an inverted triplication. While other models have been proposed to explain inverted triplications and their derivatives, our model can also explain the generation of human, de novo, inverted amplicons that have a 2:1 mixture of sequences from both homologues of a single parent--a feature readily explained by a plasmid intermediate that arises from one homologue and integrates into the other homologue prior to meiosis. Our tests of key features of ODIRA lend support to this mechanism and suggest further avenues of enquiry to unravel the origins of interstitial
A Luminosity Function of Ly(alpha)-Emitting Galaxies at Z [Approx. Equal to] 4.5(Sup 1),(Sup 2)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dawson, Steve; Rhoads, James E.; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Stern, Daniel; Wang, JunXian; Dey, Arjun; Spinrad, Hyron; Jannuzi, Buell T.
2007-01-01
We present a catalog of 59 z [approx. equal to] 4:5 Ly(alpha)-emitting galaxies spectroscopically confirmed in a campaign of Keck DEIMOS follow-up observations to candidates selected in the Large Are (LALA) narrowband imaging survey.We targeted 97 candidates for spectroscopic follow-up; by accounting for the variety of conditions under which we performed spectroscopy, we estimate a selection reliability of approx.76%. Together with our previous sample of Keck LRIS confirmations, the 59 sources confirmed herein bring the total catalog to 73 spectroscopically confirmed z [approx. equal to] 4:5 Ly(alpha)- emitting galaxies in the [approx. equal to] 0.7 deg(exp 2) covered by the LALA imaging. As with the Keck LRIS sample, we find that a nonnegligible fraction of the co rest-frame equivalent widths (W(sub lambda)(sup rest)) that exceed the maximum predicted for normal stellar populations: 17%-31%(93%confidence) of the detected galaxies show (W(sub lambda)(sup rest)) 12%-27% (90% confidence) show (W(sub lambda)(sup rest)) > 240 A. We construct a luminosity function of z [approx. equal to] 4.5 Ly(alpha) emission lines for comparison to Ly(alpha) luminosity function < 6.6. We find no significant evidence for Ly(alpha) luminosity function evolution from z [approx. equal to] 3 to z [approx. equal to] 6. This result supports the conclusion that the intergalactic me largely reionized from the local universe out to z [approx. equal to] 6.5. It is somewhat at odds with the pronounced drop in the cosmic star formation rate density recently measured between z approx. 3 an z approx. 6 in continuum-selected Lyman-break galaxies, and therefore potentially sheds light on the relationship between the two populations.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mutaf, Yildirim Dogan
2005-05-01
Using the data collected with the D0 detector at √s = 1.96 TeV with integrated luminosities of about 180 pb -1, we have measured the ratio of inclusive cross sections for pmore » $$\\bar{p}$$ → Z + b-jet to p$$\\bar{p}$$ → Z + jet production. The inclusive Z + b-jet reaction is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson in associated ZH production at the Fermilab Tevatron collider and is sensitive to the b quark content of the proton. This thesis describes our measurement which is performed using the dimuon decay channel of the Z boson, i.e. Z → μ +μ -. The ratio in the dimuon channel is measured to be 1.86 ± 0.44(stat)$$+0.24\\atop{-0.28}$$(syst)% for hadronic jets with transverse momenta p T > 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidities |η| < 2.5, consistent with next-to-leading order predictions of the standard model. This measurement is also combined with the result of the same ratio using the dielectron decay of the Z boson, and the combined measurement of the ratio of cross-sections yields 2.11 ± 0.41(stat)$$+0.22\\atop{-0.25}$$(syst)%. In addition to our measurement, we also study optimization procedures for the search of Z(μ $$\\bar{μ}$$)+b$$\\bar{b}$$ signal at D0. We demonstrate that substantial improvements in the signal sensitivity can be obtained by choosing more optimal selection cuts tailored for this signal and by combining the attributes of the similar objects in the events like muons and jets.« less
SU8 inverted-rib waveguide Bragg grating filter.
Huang, Cheng-Sheng; Wang, Wei-Chih
2013-08-01
A polymeric SU8 inverted-rib waveguide Bragg grating filter fabricated using reactive ion etching (RIE) and solvent assisted microcontact molding (SAMIM) is presented. SAMIM is one kind of soft lithography. The technique is unique in that a composite hard-polydimethysiloxane/polydimethysiloxane stamp is used to transfer the grating pattern onto an inverted SU8 rib waveguide system. The composite grating stamp can be used repeatedly several times without degradation. Using this stamp and inverter-rib waveguide structure, the Bragg grating filter fabrication can be significantly simplified. The experiment result shows an attenuation dip in the transmission spectra, with a value of -7 dBm at 1550 nm for a grating with a period of 0.492 μm on an inverted-rib waveguide with 6.6 μm width and 4 μm height.
Dollar Summary of Federal Supply Classification and Service Category by Company. Part 4 (Y191-Z300)
1991-01-01
fi W 0 ) 0 Ii IM4 1- 1 . w z >.4 0 z x- $. I 1-00 1-0 2 1 Z 0 "-3. 0 i I L " 02 >- 0 0 0 U) 3. 34 .w U) U) 1- 43.4 =LU fi 3.4I de x In 0 fi 1-L 2 2...0 z- w4 < 0 4 0 "a-4’ U *. I . WU) De U) w0 >0 lU t.01 z I.- I I . 6K ɞ * O a )- z Z . iU a D I Zcc Q wz > 0 U) 0 LU w2 0. NO <) < x )- x0 - VI in z...4 --4 -.4 - 4 - .4 -14 - .4 - -.4 ’. -.4 .4 . -4 4 .4 ’ f^a aww 0 0) 0 0D 0 0 0 W 0) 0 0) 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 U) aULa a 0 0 0 0 0 0 wL -. Zaa0 00 0 0
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Capak, P.; Mobasher, B.; Scoville, N. Z.; McCracken, H.; Ilbert, O.; Salvato, M.; Menéndez-Delmestre, K.; Aussel, H.; Carilli, C.; Civano, F.; Elvis, M.; Giavalisco, M.; Jullo, E.; Kartaltepe, J.; Leauthaud, A.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Kneib, J.-P.; LeFloch, E.; Sanders, D. B.; Schinnerer, E.; Shioya, Y.; Shopbell, P.; Tanaguchi, Y.; Thompson, D.; Willott, C. J.
2011-04-01
We present three bright z +-dropout candidates selected from deep near-infrared (NIR) imaging of the COSMOS 2 deg2 field. All three objects match the 0.8-8 μm colors of other published z > 7 candidates but are 3 mag brighter, facilitating further study. Deep spectroscopy of two of the candidates covering 0.64-1.02 μm with Keck-DEIMOS and all three covering 0.94-1.10 μm and 1.52-1.80 μm with Keck-NIRSPEC detects weak spectral features tentatively identified as Lyα at z = 6.95 and z = 7.69 in two of the objects. The third object is placed at z ~ 1.6 based on a 24 μm and weak optical detection. A comparison with the spectral energy distributions of known z < 7 galaxies, including objects with strong spectral lines, large extinction, and large systematic uncertainties in the photometry, yields no objects with similar colors. However, the λ > 1 μm properties of all three objects can be matched to optically detected sources with photometric redshifts at z ~ 1.8, so the non-detection in the i + and z + bands is the primary factor which favors a z > 7 solution. If any of these objects are at z ~ 7, the bright end of the luminosity function is significantly higher at z > 7 than suggested by previous studies, but consistent within the statistical uncertainty and the dark matter halo distribution. If these objects are at low redshift, the Lyman break selection must be contaminated by a previously unknown population of low-redshift objects with very strong breaks in their broadband spectral energy distributions and blue NIR colors. The implications of this result on luminosity function evolution at high redshift are discussed. We show that the primary limitation of z > 7 galaxy searches with broad filters is the depth of the available optical data. Based on observations with the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space
The MOSDEF Survey: First Measurement of Nebular Oxygen Abundance at z > 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shapley, Alice E.; Sanders, Ryan L.; Reddy, Naveen A.; Kriek, Mariska; Freeman, William R.; Mobasher, Bahram; Siana, Brian; Coil, Alison L.; Leung, Gene C. K.; deGroot, Laura; Shivaei, Irene; Price, Sedona H.; Azadi, Mojegan; Aird, James
2017-09-01
We present the first spectroscopic measurement of multiple rest-frame optical emission lines at z > 4. During the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey, we observed the galaxy GOODSN-17940 with the Keck I/MOSFIRE spectrograph. The K-band spectrum of GOODSN-17940 includes significant detections of the [O II]λλ3726,3729, [Ne III]λ3869, and Hγ emission lines and a tentative detection of Hδ, indicating z spec = 4.4121. GOODSN-17940 is an actively star-forming z > 4 galaxy based on its K-band spectrum and broadband spectral energy distribution. A significant excess relative to the surrounding continuum is present in the Spitzer/IRAC channel 1 photometry of GOODSN-17940, due primarily to strong Hα emission with a rest-frame equivalent width of EW(Hα) = 1200 Å. Based on the assumption of 0.5 Z ⊙ models and the Calzetti attenuation curve, GOODSN-17940 is characterized by {M}* ={5.0}-0.2+4.3× {10}9 {M}⊙ . The Balmer decrement inferred from Hα/Hγ is used to dust correct the Hα emission, yielding {{SFR(H}}α )={320}-140+190 {M}⊙ {{{yr}}}-1. These M * and star formation rate (SFR) values place GOODSN-17940 an order of magnitude in SFR above the z ˜ 4 star-forming “main sequence.” Finally, we use the observed ratio of [Ne III]/[O II] to estimate the nebular oxygen abundance in GOODSN-17940, finding O/H ˜ 0.2 (O/H)⊙. Combining our new [Ne III]/[O II] measurement with those from stacked spectra at z ˜ 0, 2, and 3, we show that GOODSN-17940 represents an extension to z > 4 of the evolution toward higher [Ne III]/[O II] (I.e., lower O/H) at fixed stellar mass. It will be possible to perform the measurements presented here out to z ˜ 10 using the James Webb Space Telescope. Based on data obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and was made possible by the generous financial support of
A New Family of Multilevel Grid Connected Inverters Based on Packed U Cell Topology.
Pakdel, Majid; Jalilzadeh, Saeid
2017-09-29
In this paper a novel packed U cell (PUC) based multilevel grid connected inverter is proposed. Unlike the U cell arrangement which consists of two power switches and one capacitor, in the proposed converter topology a lower DC power supply from renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic arrays (PV) is used as a base power source. The proposed topology offers higher efficiency and lower cost using a small number of power switches and a lower DC power source which is supplied from renewable energy resources. Other capacitor voltages are extracted from the base lower DC power source using isolated DC-DC power converters. The operation principle of proposed transformerless multilevel grid connected inverter is analyzed theoretically. Operation of the proposed multilevel grid connected inverter is verified through simulation studies. An experimental prototype using STM32F407 discovery controller board is performed to verify the simulation results.
Wu, Zhouwei; Uchi, Hiroshi; Morino-Koga, Saori; Shi, Weimin; Furue, Masutaka
2015-09-01
Ultraviolet B (UVB), a harmful environmental factor, is responsible for a variety of skin disorders including skin inflammation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediator production. Here, we investigated the effect of Z-ligustilide (Z-lig), an active ingredient isolated from the medicinal plants Cnidium officinale and Angelica acutiloba, on UVB-induced ROS generation and inflammatory mediator production in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) as well as its underlying mechanisms. Z-lig significantly rescued UVB-induced NHEKs damage in a dosage-dependent manner. Pretreatment of NHEKs with Z-lig inhibited UVB-induced ROS production in NHEKs. Both silencing the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the supplement of tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), a haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, cancelled the inhibitory effect of Z-lig on UVB-induced ROS upregulation in NHEKs. Moreover, pretreatment of NHEKs with Z-lig reduced UVB-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1) production at both mRNA and protein level. In the presence of Z-lig, UVB-induced NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear translocation was abolished, and the IκBα degradation was suppressed. Taken together, these findings suggest that Z-lig can suppress UVB-induced ROS generation through Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation and inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that Z-lig may be beneficial in protecting skin from UVB exposure. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bu, Qingcui; Chen, Li; Belloni, T. M.
Using archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) data, we studied the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (LFQPOs) in the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) Cir X-1 and examined their contribution to frequency–frequency correlations for Z sources. We also studied the orbital phase effects on the LFQPO properties and found them to be phase independent. Comparing LFQPO frequencies in different classes of LMXBs, we found that systems that show both Z and atoll states form a common track with atoll/BH sources in the so-called WK correlation, while persistent Z systems are offset by a factor of about two. We foundmore » that neither source luminosity nor mass accretion rate is related to the shift of persistent Z systems. We discuss the possibility of a misidentification of fundamental frequency for horizontal branch oscillations from persistent Z systems and interpreted the oscillations in terms of models based on relativistic precession.« less
Han, Yuyan; Xu, Junfeng; Kim, Jeri; Wu, Xifeng; Gu, Jian
2017-08-01
Global DNA methylation may affect chromosome structure and genomic stability and is involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether methylation of pericentromeric repeat NBL2 and subtelomeric repeat D4Z4 in peripheral blood was associated with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa). We measured the methylation status of different CpG sites of NBL2 and D4Z4 in 795 PCa patients and compared their methylation levels among patients with different Gleason Score at diagnosis. We then analyzed the association of the NBL2 and D4Z4 methylation with the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients receiving radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. In addition, we used the Kaplan-Meier survival function and log-rank tests to assess BCR-free survival associated with D4Z4 methylation. There was no significant difference in methylation level of NBL2 and D4Z4 between clinically defined aggressive and non-aggressive PCa at diagnosis. However, the methylation of D4Z4 was associated with BCR, while the methylation of NBL2 was not. In tertile analysis, patients in the highest tertile of D4Z4 methylation had an increased risk of BCR (HR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.36-3.48) compared to patients in the lower tertiles after adjustment of age, body mass index, smoking status, pack year, D'Amico risk groups and treatments. Among the four CpG sites in this region, the association was mostly attributable to the methylation of the second CpG site of D4Z4. These data suggest that higher methylation in D4Z4 was associated with worse prognosis of localized PCa patients. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
THE REDSHIFT AND NATURE OF AzTEC/COSMOS 1: A STARBURST GALAXY AT z = 4.6
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Smolcic, V.; Capak, P.; Blain, A. W.
2011-04-20
Based on broadband/narrowband photometry and Keck DEIMOS spectroscopy, we report a redshift of z = 4.64{sup +0.06}{sub -0.08} for AzTEC/COSMOS 1, the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the AzTEC/COSMOS field. In addition to the COSMOS-survey X-ray to radio data, we report observations of the source with Herschel/PACS (100, 160 {mu}m), CSO/SHARC II (350 {mu}m), and CARMA and PdBI (3 mm). We do not detect CO(5 {yields} 4) line emission in the covered redshift ranges, 4.56-4.76 (PdBI/CARMA) and 4.94-5.02 (CARMA). If the line is within this bandwidth, this sets 3{sigma} upper limits on the gas mass to {approx}<8 x 10{sup 9}more » M{sub sun} and {approx}<5 x 10{sup 10} M{sub sun}, respectively (assuming similar conditions as observed in z {approx} 2 SMGs). This could be explained by a low CO-excitation in the source. Our analysis of the UV-IR spectral energy distribution of AzTEC 1 shows that it is an extremely young ({approx}<50 Myr), massive (M{sub *} {approx} 10{sup 11} M{sub sun}), but compact ({approx}<2 kpc) galaxy, forming stars at a rate of {approx}1300 M{sub sun} yr{sup -1}. Our results imply that AzTEC 1 is forming stars in a 'gravitationally bound' regime in which gravity prohibits the formation of a superwind, leading to matter accumulation within the galaxy and further generations of star formation.« less
Fault-tolerant three-level inverter
Edwards, John; Xu, Longya; Bhargava, Brij B.
2006-12-05
A method for driving a neutral point clamped three-level inverter is provided. In one exemplary embodiment, DC current is received at a neutral point-clamped three-level inverter. The inverter has a plurality of nodes including first, second and third output nodes. The inverter also has a plurality of switches. Faults are checked for in the inverter and predetermined switches are automatically activated responsive to a detected fault such that three-phase electrical power is provided at the output nodes.
A grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic micro inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wen, X. Y.; Lin, P. J.; Chen, Z. C.; Wu, L. J.; Cheng, S. Y.
2017-11-01
In this paper, the topology of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter is proposed. The PV micro-inverter consists of DC-DC stage with high voltage gain boost and DC-AC conversion stage. In the first stage, we apply the active clamp circuit and two voltage multipliers to achieve soft switching technology and high voltage gain. In addition, the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is employed for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the PV module in this stage. The second stage cascades a H-bridge inverter and LCL filter. To feed high quality sinusoidal power into the grid, the software phase lock, outer voltage loop and inner current loop control method are adopted as the control strategy. The performance of the proposed topology is tested by Matlab/Simulink. A PV module with maximum power 300W and maximum power point voltage 40V is applied as the input source. The simulation results indicate that the proposed topology and the control strategy are feasible.
Zhang, Haijiang; Wen, Pengyue; Esener, Sadik
2007-07-01
We report, for the first time to our knowledge, the operation of a cascadable, low-optical-switching-power(~10 microW) small-area (~100 microm(2)) high-speed (80 ps fall time) all-optical inverter. This inverter employs cross-gain modulation, polarization gain anisotropy, and highly nonlinear gain characteristics of an electrically pumped vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA). The measured transfer characteristics of such an optical inverter resemble those of standard electronic metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor-based inverters exhibiting high noise margin and high extinction ratio (~9.3 dB), making VCSOAs an ideal building block for all-optical logic and memory.
Charmonium Spectroscopy (X,Y,Z) at the B Factories
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kreps, Michal; /Karlsruhe U.
2012-04-03
Since 2003 several states in the charmonium mass region were discovered. While in the conventional c{bar c} spectrum some states are missing, the number of states observed up to now is larger than empty spaces in the c{bar c} spectrum. This, together with other difficulties to explain observed states as a c{bar c} mesons triggered discussions on a possible exotic interpretations. In this proceedings we present current experimental status from B-factories of the so called X, Y and Z states.
Increased expression of CYP4Z1 promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in human breast cancer
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Yu, Wei; Chai, Hongyan; Li, Ying
2012-10-01
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4Z1, a novel CYP4 family member, is over-expressed in human mammary carcinoma and associated with high-grade tumors and poor prognosis. However, the precise role of CYP4Z1 in tumor progression is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CYP4Z1 overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in breast cancer. Stable expression of CYP4Z1 in T47D and BT-474 human breast cancer cells significantly increased mRNA expression and production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and decreased mRNA levels and secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), without affecting cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro. Notably, the conditioned medium from CYP4Z1-expressingmore » cells enhanced proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and promoted angiogenesis in the zebrafish embryo and chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. In addition, there were lower levels of myristic acid and lauric acid, and higher contents of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in CYP4Z1-expressing T47D cells compared with vector control. CYP4Z1 overexpression significantly increased tumor weight and microvessel density by 2.6-fold and 1.9-fold in human tumor xenograft models, respectively. Moreover, CYP4Z1 transfection increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt, while PI3K or ERK inhibitors and siRNA silencing reversed CYP4Z1-mediated changes in VEGF-A and TIMP-2 expression. Conversely, HET0016, an inhibitor of the CYP4 family, potently inhibited the tumor-induced angiogenesis with associated changes in the intracellular levels of myristic acid, lauric acid and 20-HETE. Collectively, these data suggest that increased CYP4Z1 expression promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in breast cancer partly via PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 activation. -- Highlights: ► CYP4Z1 overexpression promotes human breast cancer growth and angiogenesis. ► The pro-angiogenic effects of CYP
Improvements in the EQ-10 electrodeless Z-pinch EUV source for metrology applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Horne, Stephen F.; Gustafson, Deborah; Partlow, Matthew J.; Besen, Matthew M.; Smith, Donald K.; Blackborow, Paul A.
2011-04-01
Now that EUV lithography systems are beginning to ship into the fabs for next generation chips it is more critical that the EUV infrastructure developments are keeping pace. Energetiq Technology has been shipping the EQ-10 Electrodeless Z-pinch™ light source since 2005. The source is currently being used for metrology, mask inspection, and resist development. These applications require especially stable performance in both power and source size. Over the last 5 years Energetiq has made many source modifications which have included better thermal management as well as high pulse rate operation6. Recently we have further increased the system power handling and electrical pulse reproducibility. The impact of these modifications on source performance will be reported.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Masrur, M. A.
2009-01-01
This paper discusses the situation in a 3-phase motor or any other 3-phase system operating under unbalanced operating conditions caused by an open fault in an inverter switch. A dc voltage source is assumed as the input to the inverter, and under faulty conditions of the inverter switch, the actual voltage applied between the line to neutral…
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mclyman, C. W.
1983-01-01
Compact dc/dc inverter uses single integrated-circuit package containing six inverter gates that generate and amplify 100-kHz square-wave switching signal. Square-wave switching inverts 10-volt local power to isolated voltage at another desired level. Relatively high operating frequency reduces size of filter capacitors required, resulting in small package unit.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Muzzin, Adam; Franx, Marijn; Labbé, Ivo
2013-11-01
We present measurements of the stellar mass functions (SMFs) of star-forming and quiescent galaxies to z = 4 using a sample of 95,675 K{sub s} -selected galaxies in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field. The SMFs of the combined population are in good agreement with previous measurements and show that the stellar mass density of the universe was only 50%, 10%, and 1% of its current value at z ∼ 0.75, 2.0, and 3.5, respectively. The quiescent population drives most of the overall growth, with the stellar mass density of these galaxies increasing as ρ{sub star}∝(1 + z){sup –4.7±0.4} since z = 3.5,more » whereas the mass density of star-forming galaxies increases as ρ{sub star}∝(1 + z){sup –2.3±0.2}. At z > 2.5, star-forming galaxies dominate the total SMF at all stellar masses, although a non-zero population of quiescent galaxies persists to z = 4. Comparisons of the K{sub s} -selected star-forming galaxy SMFs with UV-selected SMFs at 2.5 < z < 4 show reasonable agreement and suggest that UV-selected samples are representative of the majority of the stellar mass density at z > 3.5. We estimate the average mass growth of individual galaxies by selecting galaxies at fixed cumulative number density. The average galaxy with log(M{sub star}/M{sub ☉}) = 11.5 at z = 0.3 has grown in mass by only 0.2 dex (0.3 dex) since z = 2.0 (3.5), whereas those with log(M{sub star}/M{sub ☉}) = 10.5 have grown by >1.0 dex since z = 2. At z < 2, the time derivatives of the mass growth are always larger for lower-mass galaxies, which demonstrates that the mass growth in galaxies since that redshift is mass-dependent and primarily bottom-up. Lastly, we examine potential sources of systematic uncertainties in the SMFs and find that those from photo-z templates, stellar population synthesis modeling, and the definition of quiescent galaxies dominate the total error budget in the SMFs.« less
Toward a Universal Sea Spray Source Function (UNISOURCE)
2005-09-30
Toward a Universal Sea Spray Source Function ( UNISOURCE ) Gerrit de Leeuw TNO Defense, Safety and Security P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague...2005 to 00-00-2005 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Toward a Universal Sea Spray Source Function ( UNISOURCE ) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c...unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 APPROACH As part of UNISOURCE , field
Yun, Dong-Jin; Hong, KiPyo; Kim, Se hyun; Yun, Won-Min; Jang, Jae-young; Kwon, Woo-Sung; Park, Chan-Eon; Rhee, Shi-Woo
2011-01-01
Highly conductive multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films were prepared by spin coating a mixture solution. The solution was prepared by dispersing MWNT in the PEDOT:PSS solution in water using ultrasonication without any oxidation process. The effect of the MWNT loading in the solution on the film properties such as surface roughness, work function, surface energy, optical transparency, and conductivity was studied. The conductivity of MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film was increased with higher MWNT loading and the high conductivity of MWNT/PEDOT:PSS films enabled them to be used as a source/drain electrode in organic thin film transistor (OTFT). The pentacene TFT with MWNT/PEDOT:PSS S/D electrode showed much higher performance with mobility about 0.2 cm²/(V s) and on/off ratio about 5 × 10⁵ compared to that with PEDOT:PSS S/D electrode (∼0.05 cm²/(V s), 1 × 10⁵). The complementary inverters exhibited excellent characteristics, including high gain value of about 30.
Rogers, Jeremy; Marianno, Craig; Kallenbach, Gene; ...
2016-06-01
Calibration sources based on the primordial isotope potassium-40 ( 40K) have reduced controls on the source’s activity due to its terrestrial ubiquity and very low specific activity. Potassium–40’s beta emissions and 1,460.8 keV gamma ray can be used to induce K-shell fluorescence x rays in high-Z metals between 60 and 80 keV. A gamma ray calibration source that uses potassium chloride salt and a high-Z metal to create a two-point calibration for a sodium iodide field gamma spectroscopy instrument is thus proposed. The calibration source was designed in collaboration with the Sandia National Laboratory using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtendedmore » (MCNPX) transport code. Two methods of x-ray production were explored. First, a thin high-Z layer (HZL) was interposed between the detector and the potassium chloride-urethane source matrix. Second, bismuth metal powder was homogeneously mixed with a urethane binding agent to form a potassium chloride-bismuth matrix (KBM). The bismuth-based source was selected as the development model because it is inexpensive, nontoxic, and outperforms the high-Z layer method in simulation. As a result, based on the MCNPX studies, sealing a mixture of bismuth powder and potassium chloride into a thin plastic case could provide a light, inexpensive field calibration source.« less
THE QUEST FOR DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFT z ≳ 4
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mancuso, C.; Lapi, A.; Shi, J.
2016-06-01
We exploit the continuity equation approach and “main-sequence” star formation timescales to show that the observed high abundance of galaxies with stellar masses ≳ a few 10{sup 10} M {sub ⊙} at redshift z ≳ 4 implies the existence of a galaxy population featuring large star formation rates (SFRs) ψ ≳ 10{sup 2} M {sub ⊙} yr{sup −1} in heavily dust-obscured conditions. These galaxies constitute the high-redshift counterparts of the dusty star-forming population already surveyed for z ≲ 3 in the far-IR band by the Herschel Space Observatory . We work out specific predictions for the evolution of the correspondingmore » stellar mass and SFR functions out to z ∼ 10, determining that the number density at z ≲ 8 for SFRs ψ ≳ 30 M {sub ⊙} yr{sup −1} cannot be estimated relying on the UV luminosity function alone, even when standard corrections for dust extinction based on the UV slope are applied. We compute the number counts and redshift distributions (including galaxy-scale gravitational lensing) of this galaxy population, and show that current data from the AzTEC - LABOCA , SCUBA-2 , and ALMA - SPT surveys are already addressing it. We demonstrate how an observational strategy based on color preselection in the far-IR or (sub-)millimeter band with Herschel and SCUBA-2 , supplemented by photometric data from on-source observations with ALMA , can allow us to reconstruct the bright end of the SFR functions out to z ≲ 8. In parallel, such a challenging task can be managed by exploiting current UV surveys in combination with (sub-)millimeter observations by ALMA and NIKA2 and/or radio observations by SKA and its precursors.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Erdman, W.; Keller, J.; Grider, D.
A high-efficiency, 2.3-MW, medium-voltage, three-level inverter utilizing 4.5-kV Si/SiC (silicon carbide) hybrid modules for wind energy applications is discussed. The inverter addresses recent trends in siting the inverter within the base of multimegawatt turbine towers. A simplified split, three-layer laminated bus structure that maintains low parasitic inductances is introduced along with a low-voltage, high-current test method for determining these inductances. Feed-thru bushings, edge fill methods, and other design features of the laminated bus structure provide voltage isolation that is consistent with the 10.4-kV module isolation levels. Inverter efficiency improvement is a result of the (essential) elimination of the reverse recoverymore » charge present in 4.5-kV Si PIN diodes, which can produce a significant reduction in diode turn-off losses as well as insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) turn-on losses. The hybrid modules are supplied in industry-standard 140 mm x 130 mm and 190 mm x 130 mm packages to demonstrate direct module substitution into existing inverter designs. A focus on laminated bus/capacitor-bank/module subassembly level switching performance is presented.« less
Smart Inverter Control and Operation for Distributed Energy Resources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tazay, Ahmad F.
The motivation of this research is to carry out the control and operation of smart inverters and voltage source converters (VSC) for distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV), battery, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). The main contribution of the research includes solving a couple of issues for smart grids by controlling and implementing multifunctions of VSC and smart inverter as well as improving the operational scheme of the microgrid. The work is mainly focused on controlling and operating of smart inverter since it promises a new technology for the future microgrid. Two major applications of the smart inverter will be investigated in this work based on the connection modes: microgrid at grid-tied mode and autonomous mode. In grid-tied connection, the smart inverter and VSC are used to integrate DER such as Photovoltaic (PV) and battery to provide suitable power to the system by controlling the supplied real and reactive power. The role of a smart inverter at autonomous mode includes supplying a sufficient voltage and frequency, mitigate abnormal condition of the load as well as equally sharing the total load's power. However, the operational control of the microgrid still has a major issue on the operation of the microgrid. The dissertation is divided into two main sections which are: 1. Low-level control of a single smart Inverter. 2. High-level control of the microgrid. The first part investigates a comprehensive research for a smart inverter and VSC technology at the two major connections of the microgrid. This involves controlling and modeling single smart inverter and VSC to solve specific issues of microgrid as well as improve the operation of the system. The research provides developed features for smart inverter comparing with a conventional voltage sourced converter (VSC). The two main connections for a microgrid have been deeply investigated to analyze a better way to develop and improve the operational procedure of
Overload protection system for power inverter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nagano, S. (Inventor)
1977-01-01
An overload protection system for a power inverter utilized a first circuit for monitoring current to the load from the power inverter to detect an overload and a control circuit to shut off the power inverter, when an overload condition was detected. At the same time, a monitoring current inverter was turned on to deliver current to the load at a very low power level. A second circuit monitored current to the load, from the monitoring current inverter, to hold the power inverter off through the control circuit, until the overload condition was cleared so that the control circuit may be deactivated in order for the power inverter to be restored after the monitoring current inverter is turned off completely.
Printed 2 V-operating organic inverter arrays employing a small-molecule/polymer blend.
Shiwaku, Rei; Takeda, Yasunori; Fukuda, Takashi; Fukuda, Kenjiro; Matsui, Hiroyuki; Kumaki, Daisuke; Tokito, Shizuo
2016-10-04
Printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are well suited for low-cost electronic applications, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors. Achieving both high carrier mobility and uniform electrical characteristics in printed OTFT devices is essential in these applications. Here, we report on printed high-performance OTFTs and circuits using silver nanoparticle inks for the source/drain electrodes and a blend of dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT-C 6 ) and polystyrene for the organic semiconducting layer. A high saturation region mobility of 1.0 cm 2 V -1 s -1 at low operation voltage of -5 V was obtained for relatively short channel lengths of 9 μm. All fifteen of the printed pseudo-CMOS inverter circuits were formed on a common substrate and operated at low operation voltage of 2 V with the total variation in threshold voltage of 0.35 V. Consequently, the printed OTFT devices can be used in more complex integrated circuit applications requiring low manufacturing cost over large areas.
Does human papilloma virus play a role in sinonasal inverted papilloma?
Govindaraj, Satish; Wang, Hailun
2014-02-01
Inverted papillomas are a benign sinonasal tumor with a propensity for recurrence and malignant transformation. Although many investigations have been made into the nature of this disease, its etiology and causes for malignant transformation have yet to be fully elucidated. It is the authors' objective to present a review on management of the disease and evaluate the present relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and inverted papilloma. A causal relationship between HPV and the pathogenesis and progression of inverted papilloma has been posited since the 1980s. Although widely varied HPV detection rates have been reported, recent studies have noted a substantial increase in both recurrence and malignant transformation in HPV-infected inverted papillomas. However, exact cellular mechanisms by which infection leads to subsequent recurrence and development of carcinoma have yet to be elucidated. Evidence exists suggesting that HPV infection plays a role in the progression of inverted papilloma and confers an increased risk for recurrence and malignant transformation. PCR is the preferred detection method, and fresh or frozen specimens are the ideal source of tissue for evaluation. Although multiple studies have detected an association between HPV and inverted papilloma (both recurrent and malignant transformation), further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying molecular pathways before an association can be changed to causation.
An ocean circulation model in σS- z- σB hybrid coordinate and its validation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhuang, Zhanpeng; Yuan, Yeli; Yang, Guangbing
2018-02-01
A 3D, two-time-level, σS- z- σB hybrid-coordinate Marine Science and Numerical Modeling numerical ocean circulation model (HyMOM) is developed in this paper. In HyMOM, the σ coordinate is employed in the surface and bottom regions, and the z coordinate is used in the intermediate layers. This method can overcome problems with vanishing surface cells and minimize the unwanted deviation in representing bottom topography. The connection between the σ and z layers vertically includes an expanded "ghost" method and the linear interpolation. The governing equations in the σS- z- σB hybrid coordinate based on the complete Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are derived in detail. The two-level time staggered and Eulerian forward and backward schemes, which are of second-order of accuracy, are adopted for the temporal difference in internal and external mode, respectively. The computation of the baroclinic gradient force is tested in an analytic test problem; the errors for two methods in HyMOM, which are relatively large only in the bottom layers, are obviously smaller than those in the pure σ and z models in almost all of the vertical layers. A quasi-global climatologic numerical experiment is constructed to test the simulation performance of HyMOM. With the monthly mean Levitus climatology data as reference, the HyMOM can improve the simulating accuracy compared with its pure z or σ coordinate implementation.
Jia, Li; Shigwedha, Nditange; Mwandemele, Osmund D
2010-01-01
The survival of bifidobacteria in simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied based on the D- and z-value concept. Some Bifidobacterium spp. are probiotics that improve microbial balance in the human GI tract. Because they are sensitive to low pH and bile salt concentrations, their viability in the GI tract is limited. The D- and z-value approach was therefore adopted as a result of observing constant log-cell reduction (90%) when Bifidobacterium spp. were exposed to these 2 different stressing factors. Survivals of one strain each or 4 species of Bifidobacterium was studied at pH between 3.0 and 4.5 and in ox-bile between 0.15% and 0.60% for times up to 41 h. From the D(acid)- and D(bile)-values, the order of resistance to acid and bile was B. bifidum > B. infantis > B. longum > B. adolescentis. While the former 3 strains retained high cell viability at pH 3.5 (>5.5 log CFU/mL after 5 h) and at elevated bile salt concentration of 0.6% (>4.5 log CFU/mL after 3 h), B. adolescentis was less resistant (<3.4 log CFU/mL). The z(acid)- and z(bile)-values calculated from the D(acid)- and D(bile)-values ranged from 1.11 to 1.55 pH units and 0.40% to 0.49%, respectively. The results suggest that the D(acid)-, D(bile)-, z(acid)-, and z(bile)-value approach could be more appropriate than the screening and selection method in evaluating survival of probiotic bacteria, and in measuring their tolerance or resistance to gastric acidity and the associated bile salt concentration in the small intestine. The evaluation of the tolerance of bifidobacteria to bile salts and low pH has been made possible by use of D- and z-value concept. The calculated z(acid)- and z(bile)-values were all fairly similar for the strains used and suggest the effect of increasing the bile salt concentration or decreasing the pH on the D(acid)- and D(bile)-values. This approach would be useful for predicting the suitability of bifidobacteria and other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dhumale, R. B.; Lokhande, S. D.
2017-05-01
Three phase Pulse Width Modulation inverter plays vital role in industrial applications. The performance of inverter demeans as several types of faults take place in it. The widely used switching devices in power electronics are Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) and Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET). The IGBTs faults are broadly classified as base or collector open circuit fault, misfiring fault and short circuit fault. To develop consistency and performance of inverter, knowledge of fault mode is extremely important. This paper presents the comparative study of IGBTs fault diagnosis. Experimental set up is implemented for data acquisition under various faulty and healthy conditions. Recent methods are executed using MATLAB-Simulink and compared using key parameters like average accuracy, fault detection time, implementation efforts, threshold dependency, and detection parameter, resistivity against noise and load dependency.
Control strategy based on SPWM switching patterns for grid connected photovoltaic inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hassaine, L.; Mraoui, A.
2017-02-01
Generally, for lower installation of photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, pulse width modulation (PWM) is a widely used technique for controlling the voltage source inverters injects currents into the grid. The current injected must be sinusoidal with reduced harmonic distortion. In this paper, a digital implementation of a control strategy based on PWM switching patterns for an inverter for photovoltaic system connected to the grid is presented. This strategy synchronize a sinusoidal inverter output current with a grid voltage The digital implementation of the proposed PWM switching pattern when is compared with the conventional one exhibit the advantage: Simplicity, reduction of the memory requirements and power calculation for the control
On an efficient multilevel inverter assembly: structural savings and design optimisations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Choupan, Reza; Nazarpour, Daryoush; Golshannavaz, Sajjad
2018-01-01
This study puts forward an efficient unit cell to be taken in use in multilevel inverter assemblies. The proposed structure is in line with reductions in number of direct current (dc) voltage sources, insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), gate driver circuits, installation area, and hence the implementation costs. Such structural savings do not sacrifice the technical performance of the proposed design wherein an increased number of output voltage levels is attained, interestingly. Targeting a techno-economic characteristic, the contemplated structure is included as the key unit of cascaded multilevel inverters. Such extensions require development of applicable design procedures. To this end, two efficient strategies are elaborated to determine the magnitudes of input dc voltage sources. As well, an optimisation process is developed to explore the optimal allocation of different parameters in overall performance of the proposed inverter. These parameters are investigated as the number of IGBTs, dc sources, diodes, and overall blocked voltage on switches. In the lights of these characteristics, a comprehensive analysis is established to compare the proposed design with the conventional and recently developed structures. Detailed simulation and experimental studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed design. The obtained results are discussed in depth.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nie, Qu-yang; Zhang, Fang-hui
2018-05-01
The inverted bottom-emitting organic light-emitting devices (IBOLEDs) were prepared, with the structure of ITO/Al ( x nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Bphen (40 nm)/CBP: GIr1 (14%):R-4b (2%) (10 nm)/BCP (3 nm)/CBP:GIr1 (14%):R-4b (2%) (20 nm)/TCTA (10 nm)/NPB (40 nm)/MoO3 (40 nm)/Al (100 nm), where the thickness of electron injection layer Al ( x) are 0 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 4 nm and 5 nm, respectively. In this paper, the electron injection condition and luminance properties of inverted devices were investigated by changing the thickness of Al layer in Al/LiF compound thin film. It turns out that the introduction of Al layer can improve electron injection of the devices dramatically. Furthermore, the device exerts lower driving voltage and higher current efficiency when the thickness of electron injection Al layer is 3 nm. For example, the current efficiency of the device with 3-nm-thick Al layer reaches 19.75 cd·A-1 when driving voltage is 7 V, which is 1.24, 1.17 and 17.03 times larger than those of the devices with 2 nm, 4 nm and 5 nm Al layer, respectively. The device property reaches up to the level of corresponding conventional device. In addition, all inverted devices with electron injection Al layer show superior stability of color coordinate due to the adoption of co-evaporation emitting layer and BCP spacer-layer, and the color coordinate of the inverted device with 3-nm-thick Al layer only changes from (0.580 6, 0.405 6) to (0.532 8, 0.436 3) when driving voltage increases from 6 V to 10 V.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Richter, P. R.; Liu, Y.; An, Y.; Li, X.; Nasir, A.; Strauch, S. M.; Becker, I.; Krüger, J.; Schuster, M.; Ntefidou, M.; Daiker, V.; Haag, F. W. M.; Aiach, A.; Lebert, M.
2015-01-01
In recent times Euglena gracilis Z was employed as primary producer in closed environmental life-support system (CELSS), e.g. in space research. The photosynthetic unicellular flagellate is not capable of utilizing nitrate, nitrite, and urea as nitrogen source. Therefore, ammonium is supplied as an N-source in the lab (provided as diammonium-dihydrogenphosphate, (NH4)2HPO4) to E. gracilis cultures. While nitrate exerts low toxicity to organisms, ammonium is harmful for many aquatic organisms especially, at high pH-values, which causes the ionic NH+4 (low toxicity) to be partially transformed into the highly toxic ammonia, NH3. In earlier reports, Euglena gracilis was described to grow with various amino acids as sole N-source. Our aim was to investigate alternatives for (NH4)2HPO4 as N-source with lower toxicity for organisms co-cultivated with Euglena in a CELSS. The growth kinetics of Euglena gracilis cultures was determined in the presence of different amino acids (glycine, glutamine, glutamic acid, leucine, and threonine). In addition, uptake of those amino acids by the cells was measured. Cell growth in the presence of glycine and glutamine was quite comparable to the growth in (NH4)2HPO4 containing cultures while a delay in growth was observed in the presence of leucine and threonine. Unlike, aforementioned amino acids glutamate consumption was very poor. Cell density and glutamate concentration were almost unaltered throughout the experiment and the culture reached the stationary phase within 8 days. The data are compared with earlier studies in which utilization of amino acids in Euglena gracilis was investigated. All tested amino acids (glutamate with limitations) were found to have the potential of being an alternative N-source for Euglena gracilis. Hence, these amino acids can be used as a non-toxic surrogate for (NH4)2HPO4.
Ouellette, Scot P; Rueden, Kelsey J; Gauliard, Emilie; Persons, Logan; de Boer, Piet A; Ladant, Daniel
2014-01-01
Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that has significantly reduced its genome in adapting to the intracellular environment. One class of genes for which the bacterium has few annotated examples is cell division, and Chlamydia lacks FtsZ, a central coordinator of the division apparatus. We have previously implicated MreB as a potential substitute for FtsZ in Chlamydia (Ouellette et al., 2012). Thus, to identify new chlamydial cell division components, we searched for proteins that interacted with MreB. We performed a small-scale screen using a Gateway® compatible version of the Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid (BACTH) system, BACTHGW, to detect proteins interacting with chlamydial MreB and identified a RodZ (YfgA) homolog. The chlamydial RodZ aligns well with the cytoplasmic domain of E. coli RodZ but lacks the periplasmic domain that is dispensable for rod cell shape maintenance in E. coli. The expression pattern of yfgA/rodZ was similar to that of mreB and ftsI, suggesting that these genes may operate in a common functional pathway. The chlamydial RodZ correctly localized to the membrane of E. coli but was unable to complement an E. coli rodZ mutant strain, likely because of the inability of chlamydial RodZ to interact with the native E. coli MreB. Finally, we also tested whether chlamydial MreB could interact with MraY, as suggested by Gaballah et al. (2011). However, we did not detect an interaction between these proteins even when using an implementation of the BACTH system to allow native orientation of the N- and C-termini of MraY in the periplasm. Thus, further work will be needed to establish this proposed interaction. In sum, we have added to the repertoire of potential cell division proteins of Chlamydia.
Ouellette, Scot P.; Rueden, Kelsey J.; Gauliard, Emilie; Persons, Logan; de Boer, Piet A.; Ladant, Daniel
2014-01-01
Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that has significantly reduced its genome in adapting to the intracellular environment. One class of genes for which the bacterium has few annotated examples is cell division, and Chlamydia lacks FtsZ, a central coordinator of the division apparatus. We have previously implicated MreB as a potential substitute for FtsZ in Chlamydia (Ouellette et al., 2012). Thus, to identify new chlamydial cell division components, we searched for proteins that interacted with MreB. We performed a small-scale screen using a Gateway® compatible version of the Bacterial Adenylate Cyclase Two Hybrid (BACTH) system, BACTHGW, to detect proteins interacting with chlamydial MreB and identified a RodZ (YfgA) homolog. The chlamydial RodZ aligns well with the cytoplasmic domain of E. coli RodZ but lacks the periplasmic domain that is dispensable for rod cell shape maintenance in E. coli. The expression pattern of yfgA/rodZ was similar to that of mreB and ftsI, suggesting that these genes may operate in a common functional pathway. The chlamydial RodZ correctly localized to the membrane of E. coli but was unable to complement an E. coli rodZ mutant strain, likely because of the inability of chlamydial RodZ to interact with the native E. coli MreB. Finally, we also tested whether chlamydial MreB could interact with MraY, as suggested by Gaballah et al. (2011). However, we did not detect an interaction between these proteins even when using an implementation of the BACTH system to allow native orientation of the N- and C-termini of MraY in the periplasm. Thus, further work will be needed to establish this proposed interaction. In sum, we have added to the repertoire of potential cell division proteins of Chlamydia. PMID:24936201
A High-Resolution Study of the IGM at 5 < z < 6.4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Becker, G. D.; Sargent, W. L. W.; Rauch, M.; Simcoe, R. A.
2005-12-01
The complete Lyman-alpha absorption seen in the spectra of z > 6 quasars suggest that the reionization of the IGM may have completed as late as z = 6.2. However, this late reionization scenario remains controversial due in part to studies of galaxy luminosity functions, which favor a highly-ionized IGM out to z > 6.5. In order to improve our understanding of the IGM at these redshifts, we have acquired Keck/HIRES spectra of nine quasars at 4.8 < z < 6.4. These are the first high-resolution spectra ever taken at z > 4.6, and are providing the first detailed look at the very high-redshift IGM. We will present the first results from this data set, highlighting the evolution of the Lyman-alpha forest and the quasar proximity regions. The high-resolution data also reveal an overabundance of O I systems at z > 6 towards SDSS J1148+5251. These O I absorbers may represent the last pockets of neutral gas to be reionized at z ˜ 6. Alternatively, they may be caused by enriched galaxy halos physically similar to those observed at lower redshift. For these systems we are able to measure accurate column densities of O I, C II, and Si II. The relative abundances are consistent with the yields of ordinary Type II supernovae, with at most ˜ 30% of the silicon contributed by very massive stars. GDB and WLWS have been supported by the NSF through grants AST 99-00733 and AST 02-06067. MR has been supported by the NSF under grant AST 00-98492. RAS has been supported by the MIT Pappalardo Fellowship program.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Langel, R. A.
1973-01-01
Variations in the scalar magnetic field (delta B) from the polar orbiting OGO 2, 4, and 6 spacecraft are examined as a function of altitude for times when the interplanetary magnetic field is toward the sun and for times when the interplanetary magnetic field away from the sun. This morphology is basically the same as that found when all data, irrespective of interplanetary magnetic sector, are averaged together. Differences in delta B occur, both between sectors and between seasons, which are similar in nature to variations in the surface delta Z found by Langel (1973c). The altitude variation of delta B at sunlit local times, together with delta Z at the earth's surface, demonstrates that the delta Z and delta B which varies with sector has an ionospheric source. Langel (1973b) showed that the positive delta B region in the dark portion of the hemisphere is due to at least two sources, the westward electrojet and an unidentified non-ionospheric source(s). Comparison of magnetic variations between season/sector at the surface and at the satellite, in the dark portion of the hemisphere, indicates that these variations are caused by variations in the latitudinally narrow electrojet currents and not by variations in the non-ionospheric source of delta B.
XMM-Newton reveals a Seyfert-like X-ray spectrum in the z = 3.6 QSO B1422+231
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dadina, M.; Vignali, C.; Cappi, M.; Lanzuisi, G.; Ponti, G.; De Marco, B.; Chartas, G.; Giustini, M.
2016-08-01
Context. Matter flows from the central regions of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) during their active phases are probably responsible for the properties of the super-massive black holes and those of the bulges of host galaxies. To understand how this mechanism works, we need to characterize the geometry and the physical state of the accreting matter at cosmological redshifts, when QSO activity is at its peak. Aims: We aim to use X-ray data to probe the matter inflow at the very center of a QSO at z = 3.62. While complex absorption, the iron K emission line, reflection hump, and high-energy cutoff are known to be almost ubiquitous in nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), only a few distant objects are known to exhibit some of them. Methods: The few high-quality spectra of distant QSO were collected by adding sparse pointings of single objects obtained during X-ray monitoring campaigns. This could have introduced spurious spectral features due to source variability and/or microlensing. To avoid such problems, we decided to collect a single-epoch and high-quality X-ray spectrum of a distant AGN. We thus picked up the z = 3.62 QSO B1422+231, whose flux, enhanced by gravitationally lensing, is proven to be among the brightest lensed QSOs in X-rays (F2-10 keV ~ 10-12 erg s-1 cm-2). Results: The X-ray spectrum of B1422+231 is found to be very similar to the one of a typical nearby Seyfert galaxy. Neutral absorption is clearly detected (NH ~ 5 × 1021 cm-2 at the redshift of the source), while a strong absorption edge is measured at E ~ 7.5 keV with an optical depth of τ ~ 0.14. We also find hints of the FeKα line in emission at E ~ 6.4 keV line (EW ≲ 70 eV), and a hump is detected in the E ~ 15 - 20 keV energy band (rest frame) in excess of what is predicted by a simple absorbed power-law. Conclusions: The spectrum can best be modeled with two rather complex models; one assumes ionized and partially covering matter along the line of sight, the other is characterized by a
Characteristics of extreme ultraviolet emission from high-Z plasmas
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ohashi, H.; Higashiguchi, T.; Suzuki, Y.; Kawasaki, M.; Suzuki, C.; Tomita, K.; Nishikino, M.; Fujioka, S.; Endo, A.; Li, B.; Otsuka, T.; Dunne, P.; O'Sullivan, G.
2016-03-01
We demonstrate the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray sources in the 2 to 7 nm spectral region related to the beyond EUV (BEUV) question at 6.x nm and the water window source based on laser-produced high-Z plasmas. Resonance emission from multiply charged ions merges to produce intense unresolved transition arrays (UTAs), extending below the carbon K edge (4.37 nm). An outline of a microscope design for single-shot live cell imaging is proposed based on high-Z plasma UTA source, coupled to multilayer mirror optics.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sowpati, A. K.; Nelo, M.; Varghese, J.; Liimatainen, H.; Visanko, M.; Sebastian, M. T.; Jantunen, H.
2018-05-01
The effect of a room temperature curable dielectric ink (ZrSiO4) printed on commercial photo paper and prepared nanopaper on the dielectric properties at 2.4 GHz are studied. In both cases, the dielectric layer decreased the relative permittivity and dielectric loss and made the flexible substrates rigid. For the nanopaper, the permittivity decreased from 4.7 to 3.57 and the loss value from 0.12 to 0.04. The measured decreases for the photo paper were from 3.12 to 2.61 and from 0.09 to 0.05, respectively. In the performance of the simulated and fabricated inverted-F antennas, the effect of the dielectric layer could be observed in the decrease of its frequency with about 130 MHz mainly due to the thicker substrate. The measured total efficiency and gain were 83% and 3.4 dB. The proposed approach could be in the future used for further development of the antenna by modification of the dielectric ink with different additives.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sowpati, A. K.; Nelo, M.; Varghese, J.; Liimatainen, H.; Visanko, M.; Sebastian, M. T.; Jantunen, H.
2018-07-01
The effect of a room temperature curable dielectric ink (ZrSiO4) printed on commercial photo paper and prepared nanopaper on the dielectric properties at 2.4 GHz are studied. In both cases, the dielectric layer decreased the relative permittivity and dielectric loss and made the flexible substrates rigid. For the nanopaper, the permittivity decreased from 4.7 to 3.57 and the loss value from 0.12 to 0.04. The measured decreases for the photo paper were from 3.12 to 2.61 and from 0.09 to 0.05, respectively. In the performance of the simulated and fabricated inverted-F antennas, the effect of the dielectric layer could be observed in the decrease of its frequency with about 130 MHz mainly due to the thicker substrate. The measured total efficiency and gain were 83% and 3.4 dB. The proposed approach could be in the future used for further development of the antenna by modification of the dielectric ink with different additives.
Optimization of multiply acquired magnetic flux density B(z) using ICNE-Multiecho train in MREIT.
Nam, Hyun Soo; Kwon, Oh In
2010-05-07
The aim of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is to visualize the electrical properties, conductivity or current density of an object by injection of current. Recently, the prolonged data acquisition time when using the injected current nonlinear encoding (ICNE) method has been advantageous for measurement of magnetic flux density data, Bz, for MREIT in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, the ICNE method results in undesirable side artifacts, such as blurring, chemical shift and phase artifacts, due to the long data acquisition under an inhomogeneous static field. In this paper, we apply the ICNE method to a gradient and spin echo (GRASE) multi-echo train pulse sequence in order to provide the multiple k-space lines during a single RF pulse period. We analyze the SNR of the measured multiple B(z) data using the proposed ICNE-Multiecho MR pulse sequence. By determining a weighting factor for B(z) data in each of the echoes, an optimized inversion formula for the magnetic flux density data is proposed for the ICNE-Multiecho MR sequence. Using the ICNE-Multiecho method, the quality of the measured magnetic flux density is considerably increased by the injection of a long current through the echo train length and by optimization of the voxel-by-voxel noise level of the B(z) value. Agarose-gel phantom experiments have demonstrated fewer artifacts and a better SNR using the ICNE-Multiecho method. Experimenting with the brain of an anesthetized dog, we collected valuable echoes by taking into account the noise level of each of the echoes and determined B(z) data by determining optimized weighting factors for the multiply acquired magnetic flux density data.
Tian, Na; Huang, Hongwei; He, Ying; Guo, Yuxi; Zhang, Tierui; Zhang, Yihe
2015-03-07
We disclose the fabrication of a mediator-free direct Z-scheme photocatalyst system BiVO4/g-C3N4 using a mixed-calcination method based on the more reliable interfacial interaction. The facet coupling occurred between the g-C3N4 (002) and BiVO4 (121), and it was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystal structure and optical properties of the as-prepared samples have also been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) in details. The photocatalytic experiments indicated that the BiVO4/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts display a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity pertaining to RhB degradation and photocurrent generation (PC) compared to the pristine BiVO4 and g-C3N4. This remarkably improved photocatalytic performance should be attributed to the fabrication of a direct Z-scheme system of BiVO4/g-C3N4, which can result in a more efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers than band-band transfer, thus endowing it with the much more powerful oxidation and reduction capability, as confirmed by the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The Z-scheme mechanism of BiVO4/g-C3N4 heterostructure was verified by a series of combined techniques, including the active species trapping experiments, NBT transformation and terephthalic acid photoluminescence probing technique (TA-PL) over BiVO4/g-C3N4 composites and the pristine samples. The present work not only furthered the understanding of mediator-free Z-scheme photocatalysis, but also shed new light on the design of heterostructural photocatalysts with high-performance.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Helgason, Kari; Kashlinsky, Alexander
2012-01-01
Reconstructing the Gamma-Ray Photon Optical Depth of the Universe To Z Approx. 4fFrom Multiwavelength Galaxy Survey Data We reconstruct the gamma-ray opacity of the universe out to z approx. < 3–4 using an extensive library of 342 observed galaxy luminosity function (LF) surveys extending to high redshifts .We cover the whole range from UV to mid-IR (0.15–25 micron ) providing for the first time a robust empirical calculation of the gamma gamma optical depth out to several TeV. Here, we use the same database as Helgason et al. where the extragalactic background light was reconstructed from LFs out to 4.5 micron and was shown to recover observed galaxy counts to high accuracy. We extend our earlier library Of LFs to 25micron such that it covers the energy range of pair production with gamma -rays (1) in the entire Fermi/LAT energy range, and (2) at higher TeV energies probed by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. In the absence of significant contributions to the cosmic diffuse background from unknown populations, such as the putative Population III era sources, the universe appears to be largely transparent to gamma-rays at all Fermi/LAT energies out to z approx.. 2 whereas it becomes opaque to TeV photons already at z approx. < 0.2 and reaching tau approx 10 at z = 1. Comparing with the currently available Fermi/LAT gamma-ray burst and blazar data shows that there is room for significant emissions originating in the first stars era.
A Compact Soft X-Ray Microscope using an Electrode-less Z-Pinch Source.
Horne, S F; Silterra, J; Holber, W
2009-01-01
Soft X-rays (< 1Kev) are of medical interest both for imaging and microdosimetry applications. X-ray sources at this low energy present a technological challenge. Synchrotrons, while very powerful and flexible, are enormously expensive national research facilities. Conventional X-ray sources based on electron bombardment can be compact and inexpensive, but low x-ray production efficiencies at low electron energies restrict this approach to very low power applications. Laser-based sources tend to be expensive and unreliable. Energetiq Technology, Inc. (Woburn, MA, USA) markets a 92 eV, 10W(2pi sr) electrode-less Z-pinch source developed for advanced semiconductor lithography. A modified version of this commercial product has produced 400 mW at 430 eV (2pi sr), appropriate for water window soft X-ray microscopy. The US NIH has funded Energetiq to design and construct a demonstration microscope using this source, coupled to a condenser optic, as the illumination system. The design of the condenser optic matches the unique characteristics of the source to the illumination requirements of the microscope, which is otherwise a conventional design. A separate program is underway to develop a microbeam system, in conjunction with the RARAF facility at Columbia University, NY, USA. The objective is to develop a focused, sub-micron beam capable of delivering > 1 Gy/second to the nucleus of a living cell. While most facilities of this type are coupled to a large and expensive particle accelerator, the Z-pinch X-ray source enables a compact, stand-alone design suitable to a small laboratory. The major technical issues in this system involve development of suitable focusing X-ray optics. Current status of these programs will be reported.
A Compact Soft X-Ray Microscope using an Electrode-less Z-Pinch Source
Silterra, J; Holber, W
2009-01-01
Soft X-rays (< 1Kev) are of medical interest both for imaging and microdosimetry applications. X-ray sources at this low energy present a technological challenge. Synchrotrons, while very powerful and flexible, are enormously expensive national research facilities. Conventional X-ray sources based on electron bombardment can be compact and inexpensive, but low x-ray production efficiencies at low electron energies restrict this approach to very low power applications. Laser-based sources tend to be expensive and unreliable. Energetiq Technology, Inc. (Woburn, MA, USA) markets a 92 eV, 10W(2pi sr) electrode-less Z-pinch source developed for advanced semiconductor lithography. A modified version of this commercial product has produced 400 mW at 430 eV (2pi sr), appropriate for water window soft X-ray microscopy. The US NIH has funded Energetiq to design and construct a demonstration microscope using this source, coupled to a condenser optic, as the illumination system. The design of the condenser optic matches the unique characteristics of the source to the illumination requirements of the microscope, which is otherwise a conventional design. A separate program is underway to develop a microbeam system, in conjunction with the RARAF facility at Columbia University, NY, USA. The objective is to develop a focused, sub-micron beam capable of delivering > 1 Gy/second to the nucleus of a living cell. While most facilities of this type are coupled to a large and expensive particle accelerator, the Z-pinch X-ray source enables a compact, stand-alone design suitable to a small laboratory. The major technical issues in this system involve development of suitable focusing X-ray optics. Current status of these programs will be reported. PMID:20198115
Three-phase multilevel solar inverter for motor drive system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bhasagare, Mayuresh P.
This thesis deals with three phase inverters and the different control strategies that can be associated with an inverter being used together. The first part of this thesis discusses the present research in the fields of PV panels, motor drive systems and three phase inverters along with their control. This control includes various strategies like MPPT, Volts-Hertz and modulation index compensation. Incorporating these techniques together is the goal of this thesis. A new topology for operating an open end motor drive system has also been discusses, where a boost converter and a flyback converter have been used in cascade to run a three phase motor. The main advantage of this is increasing the number of levels and improving the quality of the output voltage, not to mention a few other benefits of having the proposed circuit. A new algorithm has also been designed for starting and stopping the motor, which controls the current drawn from the power source during starting.
Cascade impactors are particularly useful in determining the mass size distributions of particulate and individual chemical species. The impactor raw data must be inverted to reconstruct a continuous particle size distribution. An inversion method using a lognormal function for p...
Reaction time in pilots at sustained acceleration of +4.5 G(z).
Truszczynski, Olaf; Wojtkowiak, Mieczyslaw; Lewkowicz, Rafal; Biernacki, Marcin P; Kowalczuk, Krzysztof
2013-08-01
Pilots flying at very high speed are exposed to the effects of prolonged accelerations while changing their flight path. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of sustained accelerations on the visual-motor response times of pilots and the acceleration tolerance level (ATL) as a measure of pilots' endurance to applied +G(z). The study involved 18 young pilots, 23-25 yr of age. The subjects' task was to quickly and accurately respond to the light stimuli presented on a light bar during exposure to acceleration at +4.5 G(z) and until reaching the ATL. Simple response time (SRT) measurements were performed using a visual-motor analysis system throughout the exposures, which allowed the assessment of a pilot's ATL. The pilots' ATL ranged from 270 to 366 s (Mean = 317.7 +/- 26.15 SD). The analysis of the SRT indicated a significant effect of duration of acceleration on the visual response time. The results of the post hoc comparisons showed that SRT increased with longer durations of the same level of +G(z) load and then decreased, reaching values similar to the controls. Exposure to prolonged acceleration of +4.5 G(z) significantly increases SRT. There was no statistically significant difference in SRT between the pilots with "short" and "long" time exposures. A pilot's SRT during a prolonged +4.5 G(z) exposure could be a reliable indicator of pilot G performance in the fast jet. Deterioration of SRT may be used to predict imminent +G(z) endurance limits between pilots with widely varying endurance abilities.
Stability Assessment of a System Comprising a Single Machine and Inverter with Scalable Ratings
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Johnson, Brian B; Lin, Yashen; Gevorgian, Vahan
From the inception of power systems, synchronous machines have acted as the foundation of large-scale electrical infrastructures and their physical properties have formed the cornerstone of system operations. However, power electronics interfaces are playing a growing role as they are the primary interface for several types of renewable energy sources and storage technologies. As the role of power electronics in systems continues to grow, it is crucial to investigate the properties of bulk power systems in low inertia settings. In this paper, we assess the properties of coupled machine-inverter systems by studying an elementary system comprised of a synchronous generator,more » three-phase inverter, and a load. Furthermore, the inverter model is formulated such that its power rating can be scaled continuously across power levels while preserving its closed-loop response. Accordingly, the properties of the machine-inverter system can be assessed for varying ratios of machine-to-inverter power ratings and, hence, differing levels of inertia. After linearizing the model and assessing its eigenvalues, we show that system stability is highly dependent on the interaction between the inverter current controller and machine exciter, thus uncovering a key concern with mixed machine-inverter systems and motivating the need for next-generation grid-stabilizing inverter controls.« less
Non-B DB v2.0: a database of predicted non-B DNA-forming motifs and its associated tools.
Cer, Regina Z; Donohue, Duncan E; Mudunuri, Uma S; Temiz, Nuri A; Loss, Michael A; Starner, Nathan J; Halusa, Goran N; Volfovsky, Natalia; Yi, Ming; Luke, Brian T; Bacolla, Albino; Collins, Jack R; Stephens, Robert M
2013-01-01
The non-B DB, available at http://nonb.abcc.ncifcrf.gov, catalogs predicted non-B DNA-forming sequence motifs, including Z-DNA, G-quadruplex, A-phased repeats, inverted repeats, mirror repeats, direct repeats and their corresponding subsets: cruciforms, triplexes and slipped structures, in several genomes. Version 2.0 of the database revises and re-implements the motif discovery algorithms to better align with accepted definitions and thresholds for motifs, expands the non-B DNA-forming motifs coverage by including short tandem repeats and adds key visualization tools to compare motif locations relative to other genomic annotations. Non-B DB v2.0 extends the ability for comparative genomics by including re-annotation of the five organisms reported in non-B DB v1.0, human, chimpanzee, dog, macaque and mouse, and adds seven additional organisms: orangutan, rat, cow, pig, horse, platypus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, the non-B DB v2.0 provides an overall improved graphical user interface and faster query performance.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Geisz, John F.; France, Ryan M.; Steiner, Myles A.
Quantitative electroluminescence (EL) and luminescent coupling (LC) analysis, along with more conventional characterization techniques, are combined to completely characterize the subcell JV curves within a fourjunction (4J) inverted metamorphic solar cell (IMM). The 4J performance under arbitrary spectral conditions can be predicted from these subcell JV curves. The internal radiative efficiency (IRE) of each junction has been determined as a function of current density from the external radiative efficiency using optical modeling, but this required the accurate determination of the individual junction current densities during the EL measurement as affected by LC. These measurement and analysis techniques can be appliedmore » to any multijunction solar cell. The 4J IMM solar cell used to illustrate these techniques showed excellent junction quality as exhibited by high IRE and a one-sun AM1.5D efficiency of 36.3%. This device operates up to 1000 suns without limitations due to any of the three tunnel junctions.« less
Structure-based analysis of CysZ-mediated cellular uptake of sulfate
Assur Sanghai, Zahra; Liu, Qun; Clarke, Oliver B; Belcher-Dufrisne, Meagan; Wiriyasermkul, Pattama; Giese, M Hunter; Leal-Pinto, Edgar; Kloss, Brian; Tabuso, Shantelle; Love, James; Punta, Marco; Banerjee, Surajit; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R; Rost, Burkhard; Logothetis, Diomedes; Quick, Matthias; Hendrickson, Wayne A
2018-01-01
Sulfur, most abundantly found in the environment as sulfate (SO42-), is an essential element in metabolites required by all living cells, including amino acids, co-factors and vitamins. However, current understanding of the cellular delivery of SO42- at the molecular level is limited. CysZ has been described as a SO42- permease, but its sequence family is without known structural precedent. Based on crystallographic structure information, SO42- binding and flux experiments, we provide insight into the molecular mechanism of CysZ-mediated translocation of SO42- across membranes. CysZ structures from three different bacterial species display a hitherto unknown fold and have subunits organized with inverted transmembrane topology. CysZ from Pseudomonas denitrificans assembles as a trimer of antiparallel dimers and the CysZ structures from two other species recapitulate dimers from this assembly. Mutational studies highlight the functional relevance of conserved CysZ residues. PMID:29792261
Structure-based analysis of CysZ-mediated cellular uptake of sulfate
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Assur Sanghai, Zahra; Liu, Qun; Clarke, Oliver B.
Sulfur, most abundantly found in the environment as sulfate (SO42-), is an essential element in metabolites required by all living cells, including amino acids, co-factors and vitamins. However, current understanding of the cellular delivery of SO42- at the molecular level is limited. CysZ has been described as a SO42- permease, but its sequence family is without known structural precedent. Based on crystallographic structure information, SO42- binding and flux experiments, we provide insight into the molecular mechanism of CysZ-mediated translocation of SO42- across membranes. CysZ structures from three different bacterial species display a hitherto unknown fold and have subunits organized withmore » inverted transmembrane topology. CysZ from Pseudomonas denitrificans assembles as a trimer of antiparallel dimers and the CysZ structures from two other species recapitulate dimers from this assembly. Mutational studies highlight the functional relevance of conserved CysZ residues.« less
Su, Gui-Jia
2003-06-10
A multilevel DC link inverter and method for improving torque response and current regulation in permanent magnet motors and switched reluctance motors having a low inductance includes a plurality of voltage controlled cells connected in series for applying a resulting dc voltage comprised of one or more incremental dc voltages. The cells are provided with switches for increasing the resulting applied dc voltage as speed and back EMF increase, while limiting the voltage that is applied to the commutation switches to perform PWM or dc voltage stepping functions, so as to limit current ripple in the stator windings below an acceptable level, typically 5%. Several embodiments are disclosed including inverters using IGBT's, inverters using thyristors. All of the inverters are operable in both motoring and regenerating modes.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.
2013-05-28
We measure the ratio of cross sections, σ(pp̄→Z+b jet)/σ(pp̄→Z+jet), for associated production of a Z boson with at least one jet. The ratio is also measured as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum, jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and the azimuthal angle between the Z boson with respect to the highest p T b tagged jet. These measurements use data collected by the D0 experiment in Run II of Fermilab’s Tevatron pp̄ Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.7 fb⁻¹. The results are compared to predictions from next-to-leading ordermore » calculations and various Monte Carlo event generators.« less
21 CFR 184.1859 - Invert sugar.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Invert sugar. 184.1859 Section 184.1859 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DIRECT FOOD....1859 Invert sugar. (a) Invert sugar (CAS Reg. No. 8013-17-0) is an aqueous solution of inverted or...
Keck Deep Fields. II. The Ultraviolet Galaxy Luminosity Function at z ~ 4, 3, and 2
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sawicki, Marcin; Thompson, David
2006-05-01
We use very deep UnGRI multifield imaging obtained at the Keck telescope to study the evolution of the rest-frame 1700 Å galaxy luminosity function as the universe doubles its age from z~4 to ~2. We use exactly the same filters and color-color selection as those used by the Steidel team but probe significantly fainter limits, well below L*. The depth of our imaging allows us to constrain the faint end of the luminosity function, reaching M1700~-18.5 at z~3 (equivalent to ~1 Msolar yr-1), accounting for both N1/2 uncertainty in the number of galaxies and cosmic variance. We carefully examine many potential sources of systematic bias in our LF measurements before drawing the following conclusions. We find that the luminosity function of Lyman break galaxies evolves with time and that this evolution is differential with luminosity. The result is best constrained between the epochs at z~4 and ~3, where we find that the number density of sub-L* galaxies increases with time by at least a factor of 2.3 (11 σ statistical confidence); while the faint end of the LF evolves, the bright end appears to remain virtually unchanged, indicating that there may be differential, luminosity-dependent evolution (98.5% statistical probability). Potential systematic biases restrict our ability to draw strong conclusions about continued evolution of the luminosity function to lower redshifts, z~2.2 and ~1.7, but, nevertheless, it appears certain that the number density of z~2.2 galaxies at all luminosities we studied, -22>M1700>-18, is at least as high as that of their counterparts at z~3. While it is not yet clear what mechanism underlies the observed evolution, the fact that this evolution is differential with luminosity opens up new avenues of improving our understanding of how galaxies form and evolve at high redshift. Based on data obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of
Lai, Jih-Sheng; Young, Sr., Robert W.; Chen, Daoshen; Scudiere, Matthew B.; Ott, Jr., George W.; White, Clifford P.; McKeever, John W.
1997-01-01
A resonant, snubber-based, soft switching, inverter circuit achieves lossless switching during dc-to-ac power conversion and power conditioning with minimum component count and size. Current is supplied to the resonant snubber branches solely by the main inverter switches. Component count and size are reduced by use of a single semiconductor switch in the resonant snubber branches. Component count is also reduced by maximizing the use of stray capacitances of the main switches as parallel resonant capacitors. Resonance charging and discharging of the parallel capacitances allows lossless, zero voltage switching. In one embodiment, circuit component size and count are minimized while achieving lossless, zero voltage switching within a three-phase inverter.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W. Sr.; Chen, D.; Scudiere, M.B.; Ott, G.W. Jr.; White, C.P.; McKeever, J.W.
1997-06-24
A resonant, snubber-based, soft switching, inverter circuit achieves lossless switching during dc-to-ac power conversion and power conditioning with minimum component count and size. Current is supplied to the resonant snubber branches solely by the main inverter switches. Component count and size are reduced by use of a single semiconductor switch in the resonant snubber branches. Component count is also reduced by maximizing the use of stray capacitances of the main switches as parallel resonant capacitors. Resonance charging and discharging of the parallel capacitances allows lossless, zero voltage switching. In one embodiment, circuit component size and count are minimized while achieving lossless, zero voltage switching within a three-phase inverter. 14 figs.
Observer-Pattern Modeling and Slow-Scale Bifurcation Analysis of Two-Stage Boost Inverters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Hao; Wan, Xiaojin; Li, Weijie; Ding, Honghui; Yi, Chuanzhi
2017-06-01
This paper deals with modeling and bifurcation analysis of two-stage Boost inverters. Since the effect of the nonlinear interactions between source-stage converter and load-stage inverter causes the “hidden” second-harmonic current at the input of the downstream H-bridge inverter, an observer-pattern modeling method is proposed by removing time variance originating from both fundamental frequency and hidden second harmonics in the derived averaged equations. Based on the proposed observer-pattern model, the underlying mechanism of slow-scale instability behavior is uncovered with the help of eigenvalue analysis method. Then eigenvalue sensitivity analysis is used to select some key system parameters of two-stage Boost inverter, and some behavior boundaries are given to provide some design-oriented information for optimizing the circuit. Finally, these theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations and circuit experiment.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhao, Zilai; Gough, Charles
The goal of this Cooperative Agreement was the development of a Next Generation Inverter for General Motors’ electrified vehicles, including battery electric vehicles, range extended electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. The inverter is a critical electronics component that converts battery power (DC) to and from the electric power for the motor (AC).
Inverting the Linear Algebra Classroom
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Talbert, Robert
2014-01-01
The inverted classroom is a course design model in which students' initial contact with new information takes place outside of class meetings, and students spend class time on high-level sense-making activities. The inverted classroom model is so called because it inverts or "flips" the usual classroom design where typically class…
THE CHANDRA COSMOS-LEGACY SURVEY: THE z > 3 SAMPLE
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Marchesi, S.; Civano, F.; Urry, C. M.
2016-08-20
We present the largest high-redshift (3 < z < 6.85) sample of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) on a contiguous field, using sources detected in the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey. The sample contains 174 sources, 87 with spectroscopic redshift and the other 87 with photometric redshift (z {sub phot}). In this work, we treat z {sub phot} as a probability-weighted sum of contributions, adding to our sample the contribution of sources with z {sub phot} < 3 but z {sub phot} probability distribution >0 at z > 3. We compute the number counts in the observed 0.5–2 keV band, finding amore » decline in the number of sources at z > 3 and constraining phenomenological models of the X-ray background. We compute the AGN space density at z > 3 in two different luminosity bins. At higher luminosities (log L (2–10 keV) > 44.1 erg s{sup −1}), the space density declines exponentially, dropping by a factor of ∼20 from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 6. The observed decline is ∼80% steeper at lower luminosities (43.55 erg s{sup −1} < logL(2–10 keV) < 44.1 erg s{sup −1}) from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 4.5. We study the space density evolution dividing our sample into optically classified Type 1 and Type 2 AGNs. At log L (2–10 keV) > 44.1 erg s{sup −1}, unobscured and obscured objects may have different evolution with redshift, with the obscured component being three times higher at z ∼ 5. Finally, we compare our space density with predictions of quasar activation merger models, whose calibration is based on optically luminous AGNs. These models significantly overpredict the number of expected AGNs at log L (2–10 keV) > 44.1 erg s{sup −1} with respect to our data.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hoke, Anderson; Nelson, Austin; Miller, Brian
As PV and other DER systems are connected to the grid at increased penetration levels, island detection may become more challenging for two reasons: 1.) In islands containing many DERs, active inverter-based anti-islanding methods may have more difficulty detecting islands because each individual inverter's efforts to detect the island may be interfered with by the other inverters in the island. 2.) The increasing numbers of DERs are leading to new requirements that DERs ride through grid disturbances and even actively try to regulate grid voltage and frequency back towards nominal operating conditions. These new grid support requirements may directly ormore » indirectly interfere with anti-islanding controls. This report describes a series of tests designed to examine the impacts of both grid support functions and multi-inverter islands on anti-islanding effectiveness. Crucially, the multi-inverter anti-islanding tests described in this report examine scenarios with multiple inverters connected to multiple different points on the grid. While this so-called 'solar subdivision' scenario has been examined to some extent through simulation, this is the first known work to test it using hardware inverters. This was accomplished through the use of power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation, which allows the hardware inverters to be connected to a real-time transient simulation of an electric power system that can be easily reconfigured to test various distribution circuit scenarios. The anti-islanding test design was a modified version of the unintentional islanding test in IEEE Standard 1547.1, which creates a balanced, resonant island with the intent of creating a highly challenging condition for island detection. Three common, commercially available single-phase PV inverters from three different manufacturers were tested. The first part of this work examined each inverter individually using a series of pure hardware resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) resonant
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jana, Suman; Biswas, Pabitra Kumar; Das, Upama
2018-04-01
The analytical and simulation-based study in this presented paper shows a comparative report between two level inverter and five-level inverter with the integration of Supercapacitive storage in Renewable Energy system. Sometime dependent numerical models are used to measure the voltage and current response of two level and five level inverter in MATLAB Simulink based environment. In this study supercapacitive sources, which are fed by solar cells are used as input sources to experiment the response of multilevel inverter with integration of su-percapacitor as a storage device of Renewable Energy System. The RL load is used to compute the time response in MATLABSimulink based environment. With the simulation results a comparative study has been made of two different level types of inverters. Two basic types of inverter are discussed in the study with reference to their electrical behavior. It is also simulated that multilevel inverter can convert stored energy within supercapacitor which is extracted from Renewable Energy System.
Monolithically Integrated Flexible Black Phosphorus Complementary Inverter Circuits.
Liu, Yuanda; Ang, Kah-Wee
2017-07-25
Two-dimensional (2D) inverters are a fundamental building block for flexible logic circuits which have previously been realized by heterogeneously wiring transistors with two discrete channel materials. Here, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated complementary inverter made using a homogeneous black phosphorus (BP) nanosheet on flexible substrates. The digital logic inverter circuit is demonstrated via effective threshold voltage tuning within a single BP material, which offers both electron and hole dominated conducting channels with nearly symmetric pinch-off and current saturation. Controllable electron concentration is achieved by accurately modulating the aluminum (Al) donor doping, which realizes BP n-FET with a room-temperature on/off ratio >10 3 . Simultaneously, work function engineering is employed to obtain a low Schottky barrier contact electrode that facilities hole injection, thus enhancing the current density of the BP p-FET by 9.4 times. The flexible inverter circuit shows a clear digital logic voltage inversion operation along with a larger-than-unity direct current voltage gain, while exhibits alternating current dynamic signal switching at a record high frequency up to 100 kHz and remarkable electrical stability upon mechanical bending with a radii as small as 4 mm. Our study demonstrates a practical monolithic integration strategy for achieving functional logic circuits on one material platform, paving the way for future high-density flexible electronic applications.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
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F.; Missiroli, M.; Moran, D.; Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Palencia Cortezon, E.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Castiñeiras De Saa, J. R.; Curras, E.; Fernandez, M.; Garcia-Ferrero, J.; Gomez, G.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Rodrigo, T.; Rodríguez-Marrero, A. Y.; Ruiz-Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Trevisani, N.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.; Abbaneo, D.; Auffray, E.; Auzinger, G.; Bachtis, M.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Benaglia, A.; Benhabib, L.; Berruti, G. 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T.; Magini, N.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Martelli, A.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moortgat, F.; Morovic, S.; Mulders, M.; Neugebauer, H.; Orfanelli, S.; Orsini, L.; Pape, L.; Perez, E.; Peruzzi, M.; Petrilli, A.; Petrucciani, G.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Piparo, D.; Racz, A.; Reis, T.; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Ruan, M.; Sakulin, H.; Sauvan, J. B.; Schäfer, C.; Schwick, C.; Seidel, M.; Sharma, A.; Silva, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Steggemann, J.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Treille, D.; Triossi, A.; Tsirou, A.; Veckalns, V.; Veres, G. I.; Wardle, N.; Wöhri, H. K.; Zagozdzinska, A.; Zeuner, W. D.; Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Rohe, T.; Bachmair, F.; Bäni, L.; Bianchini, L.; Casal, B.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Donegà, M.; Eller, P.; Grab, C.; Heidegger, C.; Hits, D.; Hoss, J.; Kasieczka, G.; Lecomte, P.; Lustermann, W.; Mangano, B.; Marionneau, M.; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P.; Masciovecchio, M.; Meinhard, M. T.; Meister, D.; Micheli, F.; Musella, P.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pandolfi, F.; Pata, J.; Pauss, F.; Perrin, G.; Perrozzi, L.; Quittnat, M.; Rossini, M.; Schönenberger, M.; Starodumov, A.; Takahashi, M.; Tavolaro, V. R.; Theofilatos, K.; Wallny, R.; Aarrestad, T. K.; Amsler, C.; Caminada, L.; Canelli, M. F.; Chiochia, V.; De Cosa, A.; Galloni, C.; Hinzmann, A.; Hreus, T.; Kilminster, B.; Lange, C.; Ngadiuba, J.; Pinna, D.; Rauco, G.; Robmann, P.; Salerno, D.; Yang, Y.; Chen, K. H.; Doan, T. H.; Jain, Sh.; Khurana, R.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W.; Lu, Y. J.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Yu, S. S.; Kumar, Arun; Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chang, Y. W.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Chen, P. H.; Dietz, C.; Fiori, F.; Hou, W.-S.; Hsiung, Y.; Liu, Y. F.; Lu, R.-S.; Miñano Moya, M.; Tsai, J. F.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Asavapibhop, B.; Kovitanggoon, K.; Singh, G.; Sri manobhas, N.; Suwonjandee, N.; Adiguzel, A.; Cerci, S.; Damarseckin, S.; Demiroglu, Z. S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gokbulut, G.; Guler, Y.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Kayis Topaksu, A.; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Zorbilmez, C.; Bilin, B.; Bilmis, S.; Isildak, B.; Karapinar, G.; Yalvac, M.; Zeyrek, M.; Gülmez, E.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Yetkin, E. A.; Yetkin, T.; Cakir, A.; Cankocak, K.; Sen, S.; Grynyov, B.; Levchuk, L.; Sorokin, P.; Aggleton, R.; Ball, F.; Beck, L.; Brooke, J. J.; Burns, D.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Flacher, H.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Jacob, J.; Kreczko, L.; Lucas, C.; Meng, Z.; Newbold, D. M.; Paramesvaran, S.; Poll, A.; Sakuma, T.; Seif El Nasr-storey, S.; Senkin, S.; Smith, D.; Smith, V. J.; Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Calligaris, L.; Cieri, D.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Thea, A.; Tomalin, I. R.; Williams, T.; Worm, S. D.; Baber, M.; Bainbridge, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Bundock, A.; Burton, D.; Casasso, S.; Citron, M.; Colling, D.; Corpe, L.; Dauncey, P.; Davies, G.; De Wit, A.; Della Negra, M.; Dunne, P.; Elwood, A.; Futyan, D.; Haddad, Y.; Hall, G.; Iles, G.; Lane, R.; Lucas, R.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A.-M.; Malik, S.; Mastrolorenzo, L.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Pela, J.; Penning, B.; Pesaresi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Richards, A.; Rose, A.; Seez, C.; Tapper, A.; Uchida, K.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Virdee, T.; Zenz, S. C.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Reid, I. D.; Symonds, P.; Teodorescu, L.; Turner, M.; Borzou, A.; Call, K.; Dittmann, J.; Hatakeyama, K.; Liu, H.; Pastika, N.; Charaf, O.; Cooper, S. I.; Henderson, C.; Rumerio, P.; Arcaro, D.; Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Gastler, D.; Rankin, D.; Richardson, C.; Rohlf, J.; Sulak, L.; Zou, D.; Alimena, J.; Benelli, G.; Berry, E.; Cutts, D.; Ferapontov, A.; Garabedian, A.; Hakala, J.; Heintz, U.; Jesus, O.; Laird, E.; Landsberg, G.; Mao, Z.; Narain, M.; Piperov, S.; Sagir, S.; Syarif, R.; Breedon, R.; Breto, G.; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M.; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Conway, R.; Cox, P. T.; Erbacher, R.; Flores, C.; Funk, G.; Gardner, M.; Ko, W.; Lander, R.; Mclean, C.; Mulhearn, M.; Pellett, D.; Pilot, J.; Ricci-Tam, F.; Shalhout, S.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stolp, D.; Tripathi, M.; Wilbur, S.; Yohay, R.; Cousins, R.; Everaerts, P.; Florent, A.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Saltzberg, D.; Takasugi, E.; Valuev, V.; Weber, M.; Burt, K.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Heilman, J.; Jandir, P.; Kennedy, E.; Lacroix, F.; Long, O. R.; Malberti, M.; Olmedo Negrete, M.; Paneva, M. I.; Shrinivas, A.; Wei, H.; Wimpenny, S.; Yates, B. R.; Branson, J. G.; Cerati, G. B.; Cittolin, S.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Derdzinski, M.; Gerosa, R.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Klein, D.; Letts, J.; Macneill, I.; Olivito, D.; Padhi, S.; Pieri, M.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Tadel, M.; Vartak, A.; Wasserbaech, S.; Welke, C.; Wood, J.; Würthwein, F.; Yagil, A.; Zevi Della Porta, G.; Bradmiller-Feld, J.; Campagnari, C.; Dishaw, A.; Dutta, V.; Flowers, K.; Franco Sevilla, M.; Geffert, P.; George, C.; Golf, F.; Gouskos, L.; Gran, J.; Incandela, J.; Mccoll, N.; Mullin, S. D.; Richman, J.; Stuart, D.; Suarez, I.; West, C.; Yoo, J.; Anderson, D.; Apresyan, A.; Bendavid, J.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Duarte, J.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Pena, C.; Spiropulu, M.; Vlimant, J. R.; Xie, S.; Zhu, R. Y.; Andrews, M. B.; Azzolini, V.; Calamba, A.; Carlson, B.; Ferguson, T.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Sun, M.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.; Cumalat, J. P.; Ford, W. T.; Jensen, F.; Johnson, A.; Krohn, M.; Mulholland, T.; Stenson, K.; Wagner, S. R.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaves, J.; Chu, J.; Dittmer, S.; Eggert, N.; Mirman, N.; Nicolas Kaufman, G.; Patterson, J. R.; Rinkevicius, A.; Ryd, A.; Skinnari, L.; Soffi, L.; Sun, W.; Tan, S. M.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Tucker, J.; Weng, Y.; Wittich, P.; Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Apollinari, G.; Banerjee, S.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bolla, G.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Cremonesi, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gottschalk, E.; Gray, L.; Green, D.; Grünendahl, S.; Gutsche, O.; Hare, D.; Harris, R. M.; Hasegawa, S.; Hirschauer, J.; Hu, Z.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kreis, B.; Lammel, S.; Lewis, J.; Linacre, J.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Liu, T.; Lopes De Sá, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Merkel, P.; Mrenna, S.; Nahn, S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Pedro, K.; Prokofyev, O.; Rakness, G.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Stoynev, S.; Strobbe, N.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tran, N. V.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vernieri, C.; Verzocchi, M.; Vidal, R.; Wang, M.; Weber, H. A.; Whitbeck, A.; Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bortignon, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Carnes, A.; Carver, M.; Curry, D.; Das, S.; Field, R. D.; Furic, I. K.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Ma, P.; Matchev, K.; Mei, H.; Milenovic, P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Rank, D.; Rossin, R.; Shchutska, L.; Sperka, D.; Terentyev, N.; Thomas, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, S.; Yelton, J.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.; Ackert, A.; Adams, J. R.; Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bein, S.; Bochenek, J.; Diamond, B.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Johnson, K. F.; Khatiwada, A.; Prosper, H.; Santra, A.; Weinberg, M.; Baarmand, M. M.; Bhopatkar, V.; Colafranceschi, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Noonan, D.; Roy, T.; Yumiceva, F.; Adams, M. R.; Apanasevich, L.; Berry, D.; Betts, R. R.; Bucinskaite, I.; Cavanaugh, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Kurt, P.; O'Brien, C.; Sandoval Gonzalez, I. D.; Turner, P.; Varelas, N.; Wu, Z.; Zakaria, M.; Zhang, J.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Dilsiz, K.; Durgut, S.; Gandrajula, R. P.; Haytmyradov, M.; Khristenko, V.; Merlo, J.-P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Ogul, H.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Penzo, A.; Snyder, C.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yi, K.; Anderson, I.; Blumenfeld, B.; Cocoros, A.; Eminizer, N.; Fehling, D.; Feng, L.; Gritsan, A. V.; Maksimovic, P.; Osherson, M.; Roskes, J.; Sarica, U.; Swartz, M.; Xiao, M.; Xin, Y.; You, C.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Bruner, C.; Castle, J.; Kenny, R. P., III; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Majumder, D.; Malek, M.; Mcbrayer, W.; Murray, M.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Wang, Q.; Ivanov, A.; Kaadze, K.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Mohammadi, A.; Saini, L. K.; Skhirtladze, N.; Toda, S.; Lange, D.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.; Anelli, C.; Baden, A.; Baron, O.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Ferraioli, C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Jabeen, S.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Kunkle, J.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Shin, Y. H.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Baty, A.; Bi, R.; Bierwagen, K.; Brandt, S.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Demiragli, Z.; Di Matteo, L.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Hsu, D.; Iiyama, Y.; Innocenti, G. M.; Klute, M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krajczar, K.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y.-J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Marini, A. C.; Mcginn, C.; Mironov, C.; Narayanan, S.; Niu, X.; Paus, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Salfeld-Nebgen, J.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Tatar, K.; Varma, M.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, T. W.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zhukova, V.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Dahmes, B.; Evans, A.; Finkel, A.; Gude, A.; Hansen, P.; Kalafut, S.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Lesko, Z.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Ruckstuhl, N.; Rusack, R.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.; Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bartek, R.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Fangmeier, C.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Kamalieddin, R.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Meier, F.; Monroy, J.; Ratnikov, F.; Siado, J. E.; Snow, G. R.; Stieger, B.; Alyari, M.; Dolen, J.; George, J.; Godshalk, A.; Harrington, C.; Iashvili, I.; Kaisen, J.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Parker, A.; Rappoccio, S.; Roozbahani, B.; Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Hortiangtham, A.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Teixeira De Lima, R.; Trocino, D.; Wang, R.-J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.; Bhattacharya, S.; Hahn, K. A.; Kubik, A.; Low, J. F.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Schmitt, M. H.; Sung, K.; Trovato, M.; Velasco, M.; Dev, N.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kellams, N.; Lannon, K.; Marinelli, N.; Meng, F.; Mueller, C.; Musienko, Y.; Planer, M.; Reinsvold, A.; Ruchti, R.; Rupprecht, N.; Smith, G.; Taroni, S.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.; Antonelli, L.; Brinson, J.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Hart, A.; Hill, C.; Hughes, R.; Ji, W.; Liu, B.; Luo, W.; Puigh, D.; Rodenburg, M.; Winer, B. L.; Wulsin, H. W.; Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hardenbrook, J.; Hebda, P.; Koay, S. A.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Palmer, C.; Piroué, P.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Zuranski, A.; Malik, S.; Barker, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Gutay, L.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, A. W.; Jung, K.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shi, X.; Sun, J.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Xu, L.; Parashar, N.; Stupak, J.; Adair, A.; Akgun, B.; Chen, Z.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Guilbaud, M.; Li, W.; Michlin, B.; Northup, M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Rorie, J.; Tu, Z.; Zabel, J.; Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Duh, Y. t.; Eshaq, Y.; Ferbel, T.; Galanti, M.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Han, J.; Hindrichs, O.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Lo, K. H.; Tan, P.; Verzetti, M.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Gershtein, Y.; Gómez Espinosa, T. A.; Halkiadakis, E.; Heindl, M.; Hidas, D.; Hughes, E.; Kaplan, S.; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.; Kyriacou, S.; Lath, A.; Nash, K.; Saka, H.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Foerster, M.; Heideman, J.; Riley, G.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; Thapa, K.; Bouhali, O.; Castaneda Hernandez, A.; Celik, A.; Dalchenko, M.; De Mattia, M.; Delgado, A.; Dildick, S.; Eusebi, R.; Gilmore, J.; Huang, T.; Kamon, T.; Krutelyov, V.; Mueller, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Patel, R.; Perloff, A.; Perniè, L.; Rathjens, D.; Rose, A.; Safonov, A.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Wang, Z.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Mao, Y.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Barria, P.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Neu, C.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Sharma, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Verwilligen, P.; Woods, N.; Aziz, T.; Banerjee, S.; Bhowmik, S.; Chatterjee, R. M.; Dewanjee, R. K.; Dugad, S.; Ganguly, S.; Ghosh, S.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Jain, Sa.; Kole, G.; Kumar, S.; Mahakud, B.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Mitra, S.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Sarkar, T.; Sur, N.; Sutar, B.; Wickramage, N.
2017-11-01
Measurements of the associated production of a Z boson with at least one jet originating from a b quark in proton-proton collisions at √{s} = 8 {TeV} are presented. Differential cross sections are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 {fb}^{-1}. Z bosons are reconstructed through their decays to electrons and muons. Cross sections are measured as a function of observables characterizing the kinematics of the b jet and the Z boson. Ratios of differential cross sections for the associated production with at least one b jet to the associated production with any jet are also presented. The production of a Z boson with at least two b jets is investigated, and differential cross sections are measured for the dijet system. Results are compared to theoretical predictions, testing two different flavour schemes for the choice of initial-state partons.
D'Ascenzio, Melissa; Carradori, Simone; Secci, Daniela; Mannina, Luisa; Sobolev, Anatoly P; De Monte, Celeste; Cirilli, Roberto; Yáñez, Matilde; Alcaro, Stefano; Ortuso, Francesco
2014-05-15
Exploring the effect that substituents on the cycloaliphatic ring had on the inhibitory activity against human monoamine oxidase B of a series of 4-aryl-2-cycloalkylidenhydrazinylthiazoles led to the synthesis of a new series of 2-methylcyclopentyl and 3-methylcyclopentyl derivatives which were tested in vitro as mixtures of diastereoisomers. In fact, due to the presence of a chiral center on the cycloaliphatic ring and a trisubstituted CN bond, they exist as four diastereoisomers ((E)-(R), (E)-(S), (Z)-(R), (Z)-(S)). 4-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-(2-(3-methylcyclopentylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole was chosen as a model to investigate the influence of stereochemical requirements on the inhibitory activity against hMAO-B of these derivatives after a stereoconservative synthesis and semi-preparative HPLC diastereoseparation. (R)-(Z) isomer of this compound was endowed with a potent and selective hMAO-B inhibition higher than that of reference drugs as also corroborated by molecular modeling studies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Richter, P R; Liu, Y; An, Y; Li, X; Nasir, A; Strauch, S M; Becker, I; Krüger, J; Schuster, M; Ntefidou, M; Daiker, V; Haag, F W M; Aiach, A; Lebert, M
2015-01-01
In recent times Euglena gracilis Z was employed as primary producer in closed environmental life-support system (CELSS), e.g. in space research. The photosynthetic unicellular flagellate is not capable of utilizing nitrate, nitrite, and urea as nitrogen source. Therefore, ammonium is supplied as an N-source in the lab (provided as diammonium-dihydrogenphosphate, (NH4)2HPO4) to E. gracilis cultures. While nitrate exerts low toxicity to organisms, ammonium is harmful for many aquatic organisms especially, at high pH-values, which causes the ionic NH4+ (low toxicity) to be partially transformed into the highly toxic ammonia, NH3. In earlier reports, Euglena gracilis was described to grow with various amino acids as sole N-source. Our aim was to investigate alternatives for (NH4)2HPO4 as N-source with lower toxicity for organisms co-cultivated with Euglena in a CELSS. The growth kinetics of Euglena gracilis cultures was determined in the presence of different amino acids (glycine, glutamine, glutamic acid, leucine, and threonine). In addition, uptake of those amino acids by the cells was measured. Cell growth in the presence of glycine and glutamine was quite comparable to the growth in (NH4)2HPO4 containing cultures while a delay in growth was observed in the presence of leucine and threonine. Unlike, aforementioned amino acids glutamate consumption was very poor. Cell density and glutamate concentration were almost unaltered throughout the experiment and the culture reached the stationary phase within 8 days. The data are compared with earlier studies in which utilization of amino acids in Euglena gracilis was investigated. All tested amino acids (glutamate with limitations) were found to have the potential of being an alternative N-source for Euglena gracilis. Hence, these amino acids can be used as a non-toxic surrogate for (NH4)2HPO4. Copyright © 2014 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khayamy, Mehdy; Ojo, Olorunfemi
2015-04-01
A current source inverter fed from photovoltaic cells is proposed to power an autonomous load when operating under either power regulation or voltage and frequency drooping modes. Input-output linearization technique is applied to the overall nonlinear system to achieve a globally stable system under feasible operating conditions. After obtaining the steady-state model that demarcates the modes of operation, computer Simulation results for variations in irradiance and the load power of the controlled system are generated in which an acceptable dynamic response of the power generator system under the two modes of operation is observed.
Reflection second harmonic generation on a z -cut congruent lithium niobate crystal
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sono, T. J.; Scott, J. G.; Sones, C. L.; Valdivia, C. E.; Mailis, S.; Eason, R. W.; Frey, J. G.; Danos, L.
2006-11-01
Reflection second harmonic generation experiments were performed on z -cut congruent lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO3) to reveal the interfacial layer symmetry as the crystal is rotated around the z axis. To suppress the bulk contribution, the fundamental wavelength was selected to be 532nm , resulting in second harmonic generation at a wavelength within the absorption region of the crystal. The polarity of the direction of the y -axis was determined from second harmonic generation data and used to show that this direction also inverts during domain inversion.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nagano, S.
1979-01-01
Base driver with common-load-current feedback protects paralleled inverter systems from open or short circuits. Circuit eliminates total system oscillation that can occur in conventional inverters because of open circuit in primary transformer winding. Common feedback signal produced by functioning modules forces operating frequency of failed module to coincide with clock drive so module resumes normal operating frequency in spite of open circuit.
Inverter Anti-Islanding with Advanced Grid Support in Single- and Multi-Inverter Islands
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hoke, Andy
As PV and other DER systems are connected to the grid at increased penetration levels, island detection may become more challenging for two reasons: 1. In islands containing many DERs, active inverter-based anti-islanding methods may have more difficulty detecting islands because each individual inverter's efforts to detect the island may be interfered with by the other inverters in the island. 2. The increasing numbers of DERs are leading to new requirements that DERs ride through grid disturbances and even actively try to regulate grid voltage and frequency back towards nominal operating conditions. These new grid support requirements may directly ormore » indirectly interfere with anti-islanding controls. This report describes a series of tests designed to examine the impacts of both grid support functions and multi-inverter islands on anti-islanding effectiveness.« less
McDonald, Matthew G; Ray, Sutapa; Amorosi, Clara J; Sitko, Katherine A; Kowalski, John P; Paco, Lorela; Nath, Abhinav; Gallis, Byron; Totah, Rheem A; Dunham, Maitreya J; Fowler, Douglas M; Rettie, Allan E
2017-12-01
CYP4Z1 is an "orphan" cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme that has provoked interest because of its hypothesized role in breast cancer through formation of the signaling molecule 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). We expressed human CYP4Z1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and evaluated its catalytic capabilities toward arachidonic and lauric acids (AA and LA). Specific and sensitive mass spectrometry assays enabled discrimination of the regioselectivity of hydroxylation of these two fatty acids. CYP4Z1 generated 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, and 11-hydroxy LA, whereas the 12-hydroxy metabolite was not detected. HET0016, the prototypic CYP4 inhibitor, only weakly inhibited laurate metabolite formation (IC 50 ∼15 μ M). CYP4Z1 preferentially oxidized AA to the 14(S),15(R)-epoxide with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, a reaction that was also insensitive to HET0016, but neither 20-HETE nor 20-carboxy-AA were detectable metabolites. Docking of LA and AA into a CYP4Z1 homology model was consistent with this preference for internal fatty acid oxidation. Thus, human CYP4Z1 has an inhibitor profile and product regioselectivity distinct from most other CYP4 enzymes, consistent with CYP4Z1's lack of a covalently linked heme. These data suggest that, if CYP4Z1 modulates breast cancer progression, it does so by a mechanism other than direct production of 20-HETE. Copyright © 2017 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
Ye, Congting; Ji, Guoli; Li, Lei; Liang, Chun
2014-01-01
Inverted repeats are present in abundance in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes and can form DNA secondary structures--hairpins and cruciforms that are involved in many important biological processes. Bioinformatics tools for efficient and accurate detection of inverted repeats are desirable, because existing tools are often less accurate and time consuming, sometimes incapable of dealing with genome-scale input data. Here, we present a MATLAB-based program called detectIR for the perfect and imperfect inverted repeat detection that utilizes complex numbers and vector calculation and allows genome-scale data inputs. A novel algorithm is adopted in detectIR to convert the conventional sequence string comparison in inverted repeat detection into vector calculation of complex numbers, allowing non-complementary pairs (mismatches) in the pairing stem and a non-palindromic spacer (loop or gaps) in the middle of inverted repeats. Compared with existing popular tools, our program performs with significantly higher accuracy and efficiency. Using genome sequence data from HIV-1, Arabidopsis thaliana, Homo sapiens and Zea mays for comparison, detectIR can find lots of inverted repeats missed by existing tools whose outputs often contain many invalid cases. detectIR is open source and its source code is freely available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/detectir.
The noise and flow characteristics of inverted-profile coannular jets
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Tanna, H. K.; Tester, B. J.; Lau, J. C.
1979-01-01
A basic understanding of the noise reduction mechanisms in shock-free inverted-velocity-profile coannular jets was studied. Acoustic measurements are first conducted in an anechoic facility to isolate the effects of inverted velocity and inverted temperature for coannular jets having constant total thrust, mass flow rate and exit area. To obtain physical explanations of the measured noise changes, several types of experiments are conducted. These include (1) source location experiments using the polar correlation technique, (2) mean flow surveys using a combination pressure/temperature probe, and (3) detailed mean flow and turbulence measurements using a two-point four-channel laser velocimeter. The results from these experiments are presented and discussed in detail. Finally, the measured variations of coannular jet mixing noise with fan-to-primary velocity ratio and static temperature ratio are interpreted by utilizing the results from the various experimental phases in conjunction with the existing Lockheed single jet noise prediction model.
Imaging the cold molecular gas in SDSS J1148 + 5251 at z = 6.4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stefan, Irina I.; Carilli, Chris L.; Wagg, Jeff; Walter, Fabian; Riechers, Dominik A.; Bertoldi, Frank; Green, David A.; Fan, Xiaohui; Menten, Karl; Wang, Ran
2015-08-01
We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the CO (J = 2 → 1) line emission towards the z = 6.419 quasar SDSS J114816.64 + 525150.3 (J1148 + 5251). The molecular gas is found to be marginally resolved with a major axis of 0.9 arcsec (consistent with previous size measurements of the CO (J = 7 → 6) emission). We observe tentative evidence for extended line emission towards the south-west on a scale of ˜1.4 arcsec, but this is only detected at 3.3σ significance and should be confirmed. The position of the molecular emission region is in excellent agreement with previous detections of low-frequency radio continuum emission as well as [C II] line and thermal dust continuum emission. These CO (J = 2 → 1) observations provide an anchor for the low-excitation part of the molecular line spectral energy distribution. We find no evidence for extended low-excitation component, neither in the spectral line energy distribution nor the image. We fit a single kinetic gas temperature model of 50 K. We revisit the gas and dynamical masses in light of this new detection of a low-order transition of CO, and confirm previous findings that there is no extended reservoir of cold molecular gas in J1148 + 5251, and that the source departs substantially from the low-z relationship between black hole mass and bulge mass. Hence, the characteristics of J1148 + 5251 at z = 6.419 are very similar to z ˜ 2 quasars, in the lack of a diffuse cold gas reservoir and kpc-size compactness of the star-forming region.
Addressable inverter matrix for process and device characterization
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Buehler, M. G.; Sayah, H. R.
1985-01-01
The addressable inverter matrix consists of 222 inverters each accessible with the aid of a shift register. The structure has proven useful in characterizing the variability of inverter transfer curves and in diagnosing processing faults. For good 3-micron CMOS bulk inverters investigated, the percent standard deviation of the inverter threshold voltage was less than one percent and the inverter gain (the slope of the inverter transfer curve at the inverter threshold vltage) was less than 3 percent. The average noise margin for the inverters was near 2 volts for a power supply voltage of 5 volts. The specific faults studied included undersize pull-down transistor widths and various open contacts in the matrix.
Addressable inverter matrix for process and device characterization
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Buehler, M. G.; Sayah, H. R.
1985-01-01
The addressable inverter matrix consists of 222 inverters each accessible with the aid of a shift register. The structure has proven useful in characterizing the variability of inverter transfer curves and in diagnosing processing faults. For good 3-micron CMOS bulk inverters investigated in this study, the percent standard deviation of the inverter threshold voltage was less than one percent and the inverter gain (the slope of the inverter transfer curve at the inverter threshold voltage) was less than 3 percent. The average noise margin for the inverters was near 2 volts for a power supply voltage of 5 volts. The specific faults studied included undersize pull-down transistor widths and various open contacts in the matrix.
Toroidal transformer design program with application to inverter circuitry
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dayton, J. A., Jr.
1972-01-01
Estimates of temperature, weight, efficiency, regulation, and final dimensions are included in the output of the computer program for the design of transformers for use in the basic parallel inverter. The program, written in FORTRAN 4, selects a tape wound toroidal magnetic core and, taking temperature, materials, core geometry, skin depth, and ohmic losses into account, chooses the appropriate wire sizes and number of turns for the center tapped primary and single secondary coils. Using the program, 2- and 4-kilovolt-ampere transformers are designed for frequencies from 200 to 3200 Hz and the efficiency of a basic transistor inverter is estimated.
Inverter design for high frequency power distribution
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
King, R. J.
1985-01-01
A class of simple resonantly commutated inverters are investigated for use in a high power (100 KW - 1000 KW) high frequency (10 KHz - 20 KHz) AC power distribution system. The Mapham inverter is found to provide a unique combination of large thyristor turn-off angle and good utilization factor, much better than an alternate 'current-fed' inverter. The effects of loading the Mapham inverter entirely with rectifier loads are investigated by simulation and with an experimental 3 KW 20 KHz inverter. This inverter is found to be well suited to a power system with heavy rectifier loading.
Strong Clustering of Lyman Break Galaxies around Luminous Quasars at Z ˜ 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
García-Vergara, Cristina; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Barrientos, L. Felipe; Rix, Hans-Walter
2017-10-01
In the standard picture of structure formation, the first massive galaxies are expected to form at the highest peaks of the density field, which constitute the cores of massive proto-clusters. Luminous quasars (QSOs) at z ˜ 4 are the most strongly clustered population known, and should thus reside in massive dark matter halos surrounded by large overdensities of galaxies, implying a strong QSO-galaxy cross-correlation function. We observed six z ˜ 4 QSO fields with VLT/FORS, exploiting a novel set of narrow-band filters custom designed to select Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in a thin redshift slice of {{Δ }}z˜ 0.3, mitigating the projection effects that have limited the sensitivity of previous searches for galaxies around z≳ 4 QSOs. We find that LBGs are strongly clustered around QSOs, and present the first measurement of the QSO-LBG cross-correlation function at z ˜ 4, on scales of 0.1≲ R≲ 9 {h}-1 {Mpc} (comoving). Assuming a power-law form for the cross-correlation function ξ ={(r/{r}0{QG})}γ , we measure {r}0{QG}={8.83}-1.51+1.39 {h}-1 {Mpc} for a fixed slope of γ =2.0. This result is in agreement with the expected cross-correlation length deduced from measurements of the QSO and LBG auto-correlation function, and assuming a deterministic bias model. We also measure a strong auto-correlation of LBGs in our QSO fields, finding {r}0{GG}={21.59}-1.69+1.72 {h}-1 {Mpc} for a fixed slope of γ =1.5, which is ˜4 times larger than the LBG auto-correlation length in blank fields, providing further evidence that QSOs reside in overdensities of LBGs. Our results qualitatively support a picture where luminous QSOs inhabit exceptionally massive ({M}{halo}> {10}12 {M}⊙ ) dark matter halos at z ˜ 4.
Power conditioning system for energy sources
Mazumder, Sudip K [Chicago, IL; Burra, Rajni K [Chicago, IL; Acharya, Kaustuva [Chicago, IL
2008-05-13
Apparatus for conditioning power generated by an energy source includes an inverter for converting a DC input voltage from the energy source to a square wave AC output voltage, and a converter for converting the AC output voltage from the inverter to a sine wave AC output voltage.
Sowa, Yoshihiro; Itsukage, Sizu; Morita, Daiki; Numajiri, Toshiaki
2017-10-01
An inverted nipple is a common congenital condition in young women that may cause breastfeeding difficulty, psychological distress, repeated inflammation, and loss of sensation. Various surgical techniques have been reported for correction of inverted nipples, and all have advantages and disadvantages. Here, we report a new technique for correction of an inverted nipple using an operative microscope and traction that results in low recurrence and preserves lactation function and sensation. Between January 2010 and January 2013, we treated eight inverted nipples in seven patients with selective lactiferous duct dissection using an operative microscope. An opposite Z-plasty was added at the junction of the nipple and areola. Postoperatively, traction was applied through an apparatus made from a rubber gasket attached to a sterile syringe. Patients were followed up for 15-48 months. Adequate projection was achieved in all patients, and there was no wound dehiscence or complications such as infection. Three patients had successful pregnancies and subsequent breastfeeding that was not adversely affected by the treatment. There was no loss of sensation in any patient during the postoperative period. Our technique for treating an inverted nipple is effective and preserves lactation function and nipple sensation. The method maintains traction for a longer period, which we believe increases the success rate of the surgery for correction of severely inverted nipples. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Evidence for Infrared-faint Radio Sources as z > 1 Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Huynh, Minh T.; Norris, Ray P.; Siana, Brian; Middelberg, Enno
2010-02-01
Infrared-Faint Radio Sources (IFRSs) are a class of radio objects found in the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey which have no observable mid-infrared counterpart in the Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) survey. The extended Chandra Deep Field South now has even deeper Spitzer imaging (3.6-70 μm) from a number of Legacy surveys. We report the detections of two IFRS sources in IRAC images. The non-detection of two other IFRSs allows us to constrain the source type. Detailed modeling of the spectral energy distribution of these objects shows that they are consistent with high-redshift (z >~ 1) active galactic nuclei.
EVIDENCE FOR INFRARED-FAINT RADIO SOURCES AS z > 1 RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Huynh, Minh T.; Norris, Ray P.; Siana, Brian
2010-02-10
Infrared-Faint Radio Sources (IFRSs) are a class of radio objects found in the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey which have no observable mid-infrared counterpart in the Spitzer Wide-area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) survey. The extended Chandra Deep Field South now has even deeper Spitzer imaging (3.6-70 {mu}m) from a number of Legacy surveys. We report the detections of two IFRS sources in IRAC images. The non-detection of two other IFRSs allows us to constrain the source type. Detailed modeling of the spectral energy distribution of these objects shows that they are consistent with high-redshift (z {approx}> 1) active galactic nuclei.
Gas cooled traction drive inverter
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan
The present invention provides a modular circuit card configuration for distributing heat among a plurality of circuit cards. Each circuit card includes a housing adapted to dissipate heat in response to gas flow over the housing. In one aspect, a gas-cooled inverter includes a plurality of inverter circuit cards, and a plurality of circuit card housings, each of which encloses one of the plurality of inverter cards.
Gas cooled traction drive inverter
Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan
2013-10-08
The present invention provides a modular circuit card configuration for distributing heat among a plurality of circuit cards. Each circuit card includes a housing adapted to dissipate heat in response to gas flow over the housing. In one aspect, a gas-cooled inverter includes a plurality of inverter circuit cards, and a plurality of circuit card housings, each of which encloses one of the plurality of inverter cards.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Marchi, F.; Pentericci, L.; Guaita, L.; Ribeiro, B.; Castellano, M.; Schaerer, D.; Hathi, N. P.; Lemaux, B. C.; Grazian, A.; Le Fèvre, O.; Garilli, B.; Maccagni, D.; Amorin, R.; Bardelli, S.; Cassata, P.; Fontana, A.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Le Brun, V.; Tasca, L. A. M.; Thomas, R.; Vanzella, E.; Zamorani, G.; Zucca, E.
2017-05-01
Context. Determining the average fraction of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons escaping high redshift galaxies is essential for understanding how reionization proceeded in the z> 6 Universe. Aims: We want to measure the LyC signal from a sample of sources in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and COSMOS fields for which ultra-deep VIMOS spectroscopy as well as multi-wavelength Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging are available. Methods: We select a sample of 46 galaxies at z 4 from the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS) database, such that the VUDS spectra contain the LyC part, that is, the rest-frame range 880-910 Å. Taking advantage of the HST imaging, we apply a careful cleaning procedure and reject all the sources showing nearby clumps with different colours, that could potentially be lower-redshift interlopers. After this procedure, the sample is reduced to 33 galaxies. We measure the ratio between ionizing flux (LyC at 895 Å) and non-ionizing emission (at 1500 Å) for all individual sources. We also produce a normalized stacked spectrum of all sources. Results: Assuming an intrinsic average Lν(1470) /Lν(895) of 3, we estimate the individual and average relative escape fraction. We do not detect ionizing radiation from any individual source, although we identify a possible LyC emitter with very high Lyα equivalent width (EW). From the stacked spectrum and assuming a mean transmissivity for the sample, we measure a relative escape fraction . We also look for correlations between the limits in the LyC flux and source properties and find a tentative correlation between LyC flux and the EW of the Lyα emission line. Conclusions: Our results imply that the LyC flux emitted by V = 25-26 star-forming galaxies at z 4 is at most very modest, in agreement with previous upper limits from studies based on broad and narrow band imaging. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791.
Xu, Yongjin; Yin, Zhiping; Lin, Xinglong; Gan, Zubao; He, Yanyang; Gao, Lu; Song, Zhenlei
2015-04-17
A regioselective 1,4-hydroiodination of dienyl alcohols has been developed using trimethylsilyl iodide as Lewis acid and iodide source. A range of homoallylic alcohols containing a multisubstituted Z-alkene was synthesized with good to excellent configurational control. The approach was applied in sequential hydroiodination/Prins cyclization to afford multisubstituted tetrahydropyrans diastereoselectively.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cao, Fa-Bin; Li, Liao-Sha; Tian, Yan-Wen; Gao, Zhi-Fang; Chen, Yong-Jie; Xiao, Lin-Jiu; Wu, Xing-Rong
2011-04-01
In this work, we report on the sol-gel synthesis of red-phosphors [Na xGd 1-x/3-zEu z]Mo yW 1-yO 4 powders doped with several dopants and its luminescence properties at room temperature. X-ray diffraction patters indicated that red-phosphors powders present tetragonal symmetry and cubic structure. The red-phosphors [Na xGd 1-x/3-zEu z]Mo yW 1-yO 4 powders doped exhibit characteristic of a ultraviolet visible-light emission diode. The SEM images for [ NaGdEu0.043+]Mo 0.4W 0.6O 4 phosphor exhibits irregular morphology and cottonlike shape. The size of the particles is estimated to be about 1 μm. Luminescence properties showed that the maximum emission in red region lies in the arrange of 613 nm and 617 nm.
Structural Evolution and Atom Clustering in β-SiAlON: β-Si 6–z Al z O z N 8–z
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Cozzan, Clayton; Griffith, Kent J.; Laurita, Geneva
2017-02-06
SiAlON ceramics, solid solutions based on the Si 3N 4 structure, are important, lightweight structural materials with intrinsically high strength, high hardness, and high thermal and chemical stability. Described by the chemical formula β-Si 6–zAl zO zN 8–z, from a compositional viewpoint, these materials can be regarded as solid solutions between Si 3N 4 and Al 3O 3N. A key aspect of the structural evolution with increasing Al and O (z in the formula) is to understand how these elements are distributed on the β-Si 3N 4 framework. The average and local structural evolution of highly phase-pure samples of β-Simore » 6–zAl zO zN 8–z with z = 0.050, 0.075, and 0.125 are studied here, using a combination of X-ray diffraction, NMR studies, and density functional theory calculations. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction establishes sample purity and indicates subtle changes in the average structure with increasing Al content in these compounds. Solid-state magic-angle-spinning 27Al NMR experiments, coupled with detailed ab initio calculations of NMR spectra of Al in different AlO qN 4–q tetrahedra (0 ≤ q ≤ 4), reveal a tendency of Al and O to cluster in these materials. Independently, the calculations suggest an energetic preference for Al–O bond formation, instead of a random distribution, in the β-SiAlON system.« less
Inverted organic photosensitive devices
Forrest, Stephen R.; Bailey-Salzman, Rhonda F.
2016-12-06
The present disclosure relates to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices grown in an inverted manner. An inverted organic photosensitive optoelectronic device of the present disclosure comprises a reflective electrode, an organic donor-acceptor heterojunction over the reflective electrode, and a transparent electrode on top of the donor-acceptor heterojunction.
Ordóñez, Adriana; Pérez, Juan; Tan, Lu; Dickens, Jennifer A; Motamedi-Shad, Neda; Irving, James A; Haq, Imran; Ekeowa, Ugo; Marciniak, Stefan J; Miranda, Elena; Lomas, David A
2015-06-01
Mutant Z α1-antitrypsin (E342K) accumulates as polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes predisposing to liver disease, whereas low levels of circulating Z α1-antitrypsin lead to emphysema by loss of inhibition of neutrophil elastase. The ideal therapy should prevent polymer formation while preserving inhibitory activity. Here we used mAb technology to identify interactors with Z α1-antitrypsin that comply with both requirements. We report the generation of an mAb (4B12) that blocked α1-antitrypsin polymerization in vitro at a 1:1 molar ratio, causing a small increase of the stoichiometry of inhibition for neutrophil elastase. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) intrabody was generated based on the sequence of mAb4B12. The expression of scFv4B12 within the ER (scFv4B12KDEL) and along the secretory pathway (scFv4B12) reduced the intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin by 60%. The scFv4B12 intrabody also increased the secretion of Z α1-antitrypsin that retained inhibitory activity against neutrophil elastase. MAb4B12 recognized a discontinuous epitope probably located in the region of helices A/C/G/H/I and seems to act by altering protein dynamics rather than binding preferentially to the native state. This novel approach could reveal new target sites for small-molecule intervention that may block the transition to aberrant polymers without compromising the inhibitory activity of Z α1-antitrypsin. © FASEB.
Varma, Archana; Young, Kevin D
2009-06-01
In Escherichia coli, the cytoplasmic proteins MreB and FtsZ play crucial roles in ensuring that new muropeptide subunits are inserted into the cell wall in a spatially correct way during elongation and division. In particular, to retain a constant diameter and overall shape, new material must be inserted into the wall uniformly around the cell's perimeter. Current thinking is that MreB accomplishes this feat through intermediary proteins that tether peptidoglycan synthases to the outer face of the inner membrane. We tested this idea in E. coli by using a DD-carboxypeptidase mutant that accumulates pentapeptides in its peptidoglycan, allowing us to visualize new muropeptide incorporation. Surprisingly, inhibiting MreB with the antibiotic A22 did not result in uneven insertion of new wall, although the cells bulged and lost their rod shapes. Instead, uneven (clustered) incorporation occurred only if MreB and FtsZ were inactivated simultaneously, providing the first evidence in E. coli that FtsZ can direct murein incorporation into the lateral cell wall independently of MreB. Inhibiting penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP 2) alone produced the same clustered phenotype, implying that MreB and FtsZ tether peptidoglycan synthases via a common mechanism that includes PBP 2. However, cell shape was determined only by the presence or absence of MreB and not by the even distribution of new wall material as directed by FtsZ.
Microgrid and Inverter Control and Simulator Software
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
2012-09-13
A collection of software that can simulate the operation of an inverter on a microgrid or control a real inverter. In addition, it can simulate the control of multiple nodes on a microgrid." Application: Simulation of inverters and microgrids; control of inverters on microgrids." The MMI submodule is designed to control custom inverter hardware, and to simulate that hardware. The INVERTER submodule is only the simulator code, and is of an earlier generation than the simulator in MMI. The MICROGRID submodule is an agent-based simulator of multiple nodes on a microgrid which presents a web interface. The WIND submodule producesmore » movies of wind data with a web interface.« less
System and method for regulating resonant inverters
Stevanovic, Ljubisa Dragoljub [Clifton Park, NY; Zane, Regan Andrew [Superior, CO
2007-08-28
A technique is provided for direct digital phase control of resonant inverters based on sensing of one or more parameters of the resonant inverter. The resonant inverter control system includes a switching circuit for applying power signals to the resonant inverter and a sensor for sensing one or more parameters of the resonant inverter. The one or more parameters are representative of a phase angle. The resonant inverter control system also includes a comparator for comparing the one or more parameters to a reference value and a digital controller for determining timing of the one or more parameters and for regulating operation of the switching circuit based upon the timing of the one or more parameters.
Nonuniversal Z' couplings in B decays
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Chuan-Hung; Hatanaka, Hisaki
2006-04-01
We study the impacts of the nonuniversal Z' model, providing flavor-changing neutral current at tree level, on the branching ratios (BRs), CP asymmetries (CPAs), and polarization fractions of B decays. We find that, for satisfying the current data, the new left- and right-handed couplings have to be included at the same time. The new introduced effective interactions not only could effectively explain the puzzle of small longitudinal polarization in B→K*ϕ decays, but also provide a solution to the small CPA of B±→π0K±. We also find that the favorable CPA of B±→π0K± is opposite in sign to the standard model; meanwhile, the CPA of Bd→π0K has to be smaller than -10%. In addition, by using the values of parameters which are constrained by B→πK, we find that the favorable ranges of BRs, CPAs, longitudinal polarizations, and perpendicular transverse polarizations for (B±→ρ±K*,Bd→ρ∓K*±) are (17.1±3.9,10.0±2.0)×10-6, (3±5,21±7)%, (0.66±0.10,0.44±0.08), and (0.14±0.10,0.25±0.09), respectively.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sakanoi, T.; Fukunishi, H.; Mukai, T.
1995-10-01
The inverted-V field-aligned acceleration region existing in the altitude range of several thousand kilometers plays an essential role for the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling system. The adiabatic plasma theory predicts a linear relationship between field-aligned current density (J∥) and parallel potential drop (Φ∥), that is, J∥=KΦ∥, where K is the field-aligned conductance. We examined this relationship using the charged particle and magnetic field data obtained from the Akebono (Exos D) satellite. The potential drop above the satellite was derived from the peak energy of downward electrons, while the potential drop below the satellite was derived from two different methods: the peak energy of upward ions and the energy-dependent widening of electron loss cone. On the other hand, field-aligned current densities in the inverted-V region were estimated from the Akebono magnetometer data. Using these potential drops and field-aligned current densities, we estimated the linear field-aligned conductance KJΦ. Further, we obtained the corrected field-aligned conductance KCJΦ by applying the full Knight's formula to the current-voltage relationship. We also independently estimated the field-aligned conductance KTN from the number density and the thermal temperature of magnetospheric source electrons which were obtained by fitting accelerated Maxwellian functions for precipitating electrons. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The latitudinal dependence of parallel potential drops is characterized by a narrow V-shaped structure with a width of 0.4°-1.0°. (2) Although the inverted-V potential region exactly corresponds to the upward field aligned current region, the latitudinal dependence of upward current intensity is an inverted-U shape rather than an inverted-V shape. Thus it is suggested that the field-aligned conductance KCJΦ changes with a V-shaped latitudinal dependence. In many cases, KCJΦ values at the edge of the inverted-V region are
Galaxies at z~7-8: z850-Dropouts in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bouwens, R. J.; Thompson, R. I.; Illingworth, G. D.; Franx, M.; van Dokkum, P. G.; Fan, X.; Dickinson, M. E.; Eisenstein, D. J.; Rieke, M. J.
2004-12-01
We have detected likely z~7-8 galaxies in the 144''×144'' Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Objects are required to be >=3 σ detections in both NICMOS bands, J110 and H160. The selection criteria for this sample are (z850-J110)AB>0.8, (z850-J110)AB>0.66(J110-H160)AB+0.8, (J110-H160)AB<1.2 and no detection at less than 8500 Å. The five selected sources have total magnitudes H160,AB~27. Four of the five sources are quite blue compared to typical lower redshift dropout galaxies and are clustered within a 1 arcmin2 region. Because all five sources are near the limit of the NICMOS data, we have carefully evaluated their reality. Each of the candidates is visible in different splits of the data and a median stack. We analyzed several noise images and estimate the number of spurious sources to be 1+/-1. A search using an independent reduction of this same data set clearly revealed three of the five candidates and weakly detected a fourth candidate, suggesting that the contamination could be higher. For comparison with predictions from lower redshift samples, we take a conservative approach and adopt four z~7-8 galaxies as our sample. With the same detection criteria on simulated data sets, assuming no evolution from z~3.8, we predict 10 sources at z~7-8, or 14 if we use a more realistic (1+z)-1 size scaling. We estimate that the rest-frame continuum UV (~1800 Å) luminosity density at z~7.5 (integrated down to 0.3L*z=3) is just 0.20+0.12-0.08 times that found at z~3.8 (or 0.20+0.23-0.12 times this quantity including cosmic variance). Effectively this sets an upper limit on the luminosity density down to 0.3L*z=3 and is consistent with significant evolution at the bright end of the luminosity function from z~7.5 to 3.8. Even with the lower UV luminosity density at z~7.5, it appears that galaxies could still play an important role in reionization at these redshifts, although definitive measurements
Ordóñez, Adriana; Pérez, Juan; Tan, Lu; Dickens, Jennifer A.; Motamedi-Shad, Neda; Irving, James A.; Haq, Imran; Ekeowa, Ugo; Marciniak, Stefan J.; Miranda, Elena; Lomas, David A.
2015-01-01
Mutant Z α1-antitrypsin (E342K) accumulates as polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes predisposing to liver disease, whereas low levels of circulating Z α1-antitrypsin lead to emphysema by loss of inhibition of neutrophil elastase. The ideal therapy should prevent polymer formation while preserving inhibitory activity. Here we used mAb technology to identify interactors with Z α1-antitrypsin that comply with both requirements. We report the generation of an mAb (4B12) that blocked α1-antitrypsin polymerization in vitro at a 1:1 molar ratio, causing a small increase of the stoichiometry of inhibition for neutrophil elastase. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) intrabody was generated based on the sequence of mAb4B12. The expression of scFv4B12 within the ER (scFv4B12KDEL) and along the secretory pathway (scFv4B12) reduced the intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin by 60%. The scFv4B12 intrabody also increased the secretion of Z α1-antitrypsin that retained inhibitory activity against neutrophil elastase. MAb4B12 recognized a discontinuous epitope probably located in the region of helices A/C/G/H/I and seems to act by altering protein dynamics rather than binding preferentially to the native state. This novel approach could reveal new target sites for small-molecule intervention that may block the transition to aberrant polymers without compromising the inhibitory activity of Z α1-antitrypsin.—Ordóñez, A., Pérez, J., Tan, L., Dickens, J. A., Motamedi-Shad, N., Irving, J. A., Haq, I., Ekeowa, U., Marciniak, S. J., Miranda, E., Lomas, D. A. A single-chain variable fragment intrabody prevents intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin while allowing its antiproteinase activity. PMID:25757566
The search for molecular gas in the most distant submillimetre galaxy at z=4.76
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Coppin, Kristen; Weiss, Axel; De Breuck, Carlos; Walter, Fabian; Edge, Alastair; Kovacs, Attila; Ivison, Rob; Huynh, Minh; Smail, Ian; Schinnerer, Eva; Greve, Thomas; Wardlow, Julie
2009-07-01
We propose to use ATCA to measure the CO(2-1) and CO(5-4) emission in the highest redshift submm-selected galaxy (SMG) known: LESS J033229 at z=4.76. These observations will measure the gas mass and dynamics of this far-infrared luminous galaxy at a time when the Universe was only 1 Gyr old. In conjunction with similar observations of three z~4-4.5 SMG, these observations will constrain the potential evolution of the star formation and dynamical mass of these high redshift, but relatively typical, young galaxies and their potential role as the precursor population to the red-and-dead galaxies seen at z~3, as well as allowing us to contrast the physical state of the gas reservoirs in these early galaxies with the well-studied and more numerous SMG population at z~2. These observations will provide a sneak-preview of the science which ALMA will provide on the formation of the earliest massive galaxies in the Universe.
Inverted organic electronic and optoelectronic devices
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Small, Cephas E.
The research and development of organic electronics for commercial application has received much attention due to the unique properties of organic semiconductors and the potential for low-cost high-throughput manufacturing. For improved large-scale processing compatibility and enhanced device stability, an inverted geometry has been employed for devices such as organic light emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic cells. These improvements are attributed to the added flexibility to incorporate more air-stable materials into the inverted device geometry. However, early work on organic electronic devices with an inverted geometry typically showed reduced device performance compared to devices with a conventional structure. In the case of organic light emitting diodes, inverted devices typically show high operating voltages due to insufficient carrier injection. Here, a method for enhancing hole injection in inverted organic electronic devices is presented. By incorporating an electron accepting interlayer into the inverted device, a substantial enhancement in hole injection efficiency was observed as compared to conventional devices. Through a detailed carrier injection study, it is determined that the injection efficiency enhancements in the inverted devices are due to enhanced charge transfer at the electron acceptor/organic semiconductor interface. A similar situation is observed for organic photovoltaic cells, in which devices with an inverted geometry show limited carrier extraction in early studies. In this work, enhanced carrier extraction is demonstrated for inverted polymer solar cells using a surface-modified ZnO-polymer composite electron-transporting layer. The insulating polymer in the composite layer inhibited aggregation of the ZnO nanoparticles, while the surface-modification of the composite interlayer improved the electronic coupling with the photoactive layer. As a result, inverted polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of over 8
Search for t Z' associated production induced by t c Z' couplings at the LHC
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hou, Wei-Shu; Kohda, Masaya; Modak, Tanmoy
2017-07-01
The P5' and RK anomalies, recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration in B →K(*) transitions, may indicate the existence of a new Z' boson, which may arise from gauged Lμ-Lτ symmetry. Flavor-changing neutral current Z' couplings, such as t c Z', can be induced by the presence of extra vector-like quarks. In this paper we study the LHC signatures of the induced right-handed t c Z' coupling that is inspired by, but not directly linked to, the B →K(*) anomalies. The specific processes studied are c g →t Z' and its conjugate process, each followed by Z'→μ+μ-. By constructing an effective theory for the t c Z' coupling, we first explore in a model-independent way the discovery potential of such a Z' at the 14 TeV LHC with 300 and 3000 fb-1 integrated luminosities. We then reinterpret the model-independent results within the gauged Lμ-Lτ model. In connection with t c Z', the model also implies the existence of a flavor-conserving c c Z' coupling, which can drive the c c ¯→Z'→μ+μ- process. Our study shows that existing LHC results for dimuon resonance searches already constrain the c c Z' coupling, and that the Z' can be discovered in either or both of the c g →t Z' and c c ¯→Z' processes. We further discuss the sensitivity to the left-handed t c Z' coupling and find that the coupling values favored by the B →K(*) anomalies lie slightly below the LHC discovery reach even with 3000 fb-1 .
Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; ...
2017-11-08
Measurements of the associated production of a Z boson with at least one jet originating from a b quark in proton-proton collisions atmore » $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 TeV are presented. Differential cross sections are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb –1. Z bosons are reconstructed through their decays to electrons and muons. Cross sections are measured as a function of observables characterizing the kinematics of the b jet and the Z boson. Ratios of differential cross sections for the associated production with at least one b jet to the associated production with any jet are also presented. Here, the production of a Z boson with two b jets is investigated, and differential cross sections are measured for the dijet system. Results are compared to theoretical predictions, testing two different flavour schemes for the choice of initial-state partons.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.
Measurements of the associated production of a Z boson with at least one jet originating from a b quark in proton-proton collisions atmore » $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 TeV are presented. Differential cross sections are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb –1. Z bosons are reconstructed through their decays to electrons and muons. Cross sections are measured as a function of observables characterizing the kinematics of the b jet and the Z boson. Ratios of differential cross sections for the associated production with at least one b jet to the associated production with any jet are also presented. Here, the production of a Z boson with two b jets is investigated, and differential cross sections are measured for the dijet system. Results are compared to theoretical predictions, testing two different flavour schemes for the choice of initial-state partons.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gündoğdu, Gülsüm; Aytaç, Sevim Peri; Müller, Melanie
Two novel compounds, 3-[1-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C 23H 16F 2N 4S) (1) and 3-[1-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)ethyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (C 23H 16ClFN 4S) (2), have been designed and synthesized as cytotoxic agents. The compounds were characterized by infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral data, elemental analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. The present study comprises spectral data and crystal structures of these novel compounds determined from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. The structure solutions were obtained by simulated annealing. The final structures were achieved by Rietveld refinement using soft restraints for all bond lengths, bond angles, and planar groups. Both compounds crystallize in space groupmore » $$P\\bar 1$$,Z= 2, with the unit-cell parametersa= 6.37433(9),b= 11.3641(2),c= 14.09115(19) Å,α= 80.1740(8)°,β= 85.1164(8)°,γ= 80.9831(10)°,V= 991.55(3) Å 3of compound (1) anda= 6.53736(6),b= 11.55725(15),c= 14.01373(13) Å,α= 80.3323(7)°,β= 84.8939(6)°,γ= 79.3954(8)°,V= 1024.08(2) Å 3of compound (2). Structural analyses reveal that the title compounds are isostructural.« less
Improved Performance via the Inverted Classroom
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Weinstein, Randy D.
2015-01-01
This study examined student performance in an inverted thermodynamics course (lectures provided by video outside of class) compared to a traditional lecture class. Students in the inverted class performed better on their exams. Students in the bottom third of the inverted course showed the greatest improvement. These bottom third students had a C…
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2012-08-17
A search is reported for the pair production of a new quark b' with at least one b' decaying to a Z boson and a bottom quark. The data, corresponding to 2.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, were collected from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Using events with a b-tagged jet and a Z boson reconstructed from opposite-charge electrons, the mass distribution of large transverse momentum b' candidates is tested for an enhancement. No evidence for a b' signal is detected in the observed mass distribution, resulting in the exclusion at a 95% confidence level of b' quarks with masses m (b') < 400 GeV that decay entirely via b' → Z+b. In the case of a vectorlike singlet b' mixing solely with the third standard model generation, masses m(b') < 358 GeV are excluded.
Lepton-flavor violating B decays in generic Z' models
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Crivellin, Andreas; Hofer, Lars; Matias, Joaquim; Nierste, Ulrich; Pokorski, Stefan; Rosiek, Janusz
2015-09-01
LHCb has reported deviations from the Standard Model in b →s μ+μ- transitions for which a new neutral gauge boson is a prime candidate for an explanation. As this gauge boson has to couple in a flavor nonuniversal way to muons and electrons in order to explain RK, it is interesting to examine the possibility that also lepton flavor is violated, especially in the light of the CMS excess in h →τ±μ∓. In this article, we investigate the perspectives to discover the lepton-flavor violating modes B →K(*)τ±μ∓ , Bs→τ±μ∓ and B →K(*)μ±e∓, Bs→μ±e∓. For this purpose we consider a simplified model in which new-physics effects originate from an additional neutral gauge boson (Z') with generic couplings to quarks and leptons. The constraints from τ →3 μ , τ →μ ν ν ¯, μ →e γ , gμ-2 , semileptonic b →s μ+μ- decays, B →K(*)ν ν ¯ and Bs-B¯s mixing are examined. From these decays, we determine upper bounds on the decay rates of lepton-flavor violating B decays. Br (B →K ν ν ¯) limits the branching ratios of lepton-flavor violating B decays to be smaller than 8 ×10-5(2 ×10-5) for vectorial (left-handed) lepton couplings. However, much stronger bounds can be obtained by a combined analysis of Bs-B¯s, τ →3 μ , τ →μ ν ν ¯ and other rare decays. The bounds depend on the amount of fine-tuning among the contributions to Bs-B¯s mixing. Allowing for a fine-tuning at the percent level we find upper bounds of the order of 10-6 for branching ratios into τ μ final states, while Bs→μ±e∓ is strongly suppressed and only B →K(*)μ±e∓ can be experimentally accessible (with a branching ratio of order 10-7).
Z pinches as intense x-ray sources for high-energy density physics applications
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Matzen, M.K.
1997-05-01
Fast Z-pinch implosions can efficiently convert the stored electrical energy in a pulsed-power accelerator into x rays. These x rays are produced when an imploding cylindrical plasma, driven by the magnetic field pressure associated with very large axial currents, stagnates upon the cylindrical axis of symmetry. On the Saturn pulsed-power accelerator [R. B. Spielman {ital et al.}, in {ital Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dense Z Pinches}, Laguna Beach, CA, 1989, edited by N. R. Pereira, J. Davis, and N. Rostoker (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1989), p. 3] at Sandia National Laboratories, for example, currents ofmore » 6{endash}8 MA with a rise time of less than 50 ns are driven through cylindrically symmetric loads, producing implosion velocities as high as 10{sup 8}cm/s and x-ray energies exceeding 400 kJ. Hydromagnetic Rayleigh{endash}Taylor instabilities and cylindrical load symmetry are critical, limiting factors in determining the assembled plasma densities and temperatures, and thus in the x-ray energies and pulse widths that can be produced on these accelerators. In recent experiments on the Saturn accelerator, these implosion nonuniformities have been minimized by using wire arrays with as many as 192 wires. Increasing the wire number produced significant improvements in the pinched plasma quality, reproducibility, and x-ray output power. X-ray pulse widths of less than 5 ns and peak powers of 75{plus_minus}10TW have been achieved with arrays of 120 tungsten wires. Similar loads have recently been fielded on the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II), producing x-ray energies in excess of 1.8 MJ at powers in excess of 160 TW. These intense x-ray sources offer the potential for performing many new basic physics and fusion-relevant experiments. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}« less
Experimental and theoretical study of topology and electronic correlations in PuB4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Choi, Hongchul; Zhu, Wei; Cary, S. K.; Winter, L. E.; Huang, Zhoushen; McDonald, R. D.; Mocko, V.; Scott, B. L.; Tobash, P. H.; Thompson, J. D.; Kozimor, S. A.; Bauer, E. D.; Zhu, Jian-Xin; Ronning, F.
2018-05-01
We synthesize single crystals of PuB4 using an Al-flux technique. Single-crystal diffraction data provide structural parameters for first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By computing the density of states, the Z2 topological invariant using the Wilson loop method, and the surface electronic structure from slab calculations, we find that PuB4 is a nonmagnetic strong topological insulator with a band gap of 254 meV. Our magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and resistivity measurements are consistent with this analysis, albeit with a smaller gap of 35 meV. DFT plus dynamical mean-field theory calculations show that electronic correlations reduce the size of the band gap, and provide better agreement with the value determined by resistivity. These results demonstrate that PuB4 is a promising actinide material to investigate the interplay of electronic correlations and nontrivial topology.
The Nature of Radio Emission from Distant Galaxies: The 1.4 GHZ Observations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Richards, E. A.
2000-04-01
We have conducted a deep radio survey with the Very Large Array at 1.4 GHz of a region containing the Hubble Deep Field (HDF). This survey overlaps previous observations at 8.5 GHz allowing us to investigate the radio spectral properties of microjansky sources to flux densities greater than 40 μJy at 1.4 GHz and greater than 8 μJy at 8.5 GHz. A total of 371 sources have been cataloged at 1.4 GHz as part of a complete sample within 20' of the HDF. The differential source count for this region is only marginally sub-Euclidean and is given by n(S)=(8.3+/-0.4)S-2.4+/-0.1 sr-1 Jy-1. Above about 100 μJy the radio source count is systematically lower in the HDF as compared to other fields. We conclude that there is clustering in our radio sample on size scales of 1'-40'. The 1.4 GHz-selected sample shows that the radio spectral indices are preferentially steep (α1.4=0.85) and that the sources are moderately extended with average angular size θ=1.8". Optical identification with disk-type systems at z~0.1-1 suggests that synchrotron emission, produced by supernovae remnants, is powering the radio emission in the majority of sources. The 8.5 GHz sample contains primarily moderately flat spectrum sources (α8.5=0.35), with less than 15% inverted. We argue that we may be observing an increased fraction of optically thin bremsstrahlung over synchrotron radiation in these distant star-forming galaxies.
Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy in recurrent maxillary sinus inverted papilloma.
Kamel, Reda H; Abdel Fattah, Ahmed F; Awad, Ayman G
2014-12-01
Maxillary sinus inverted papilloma entails medial maxillectomy and is associated with high incidence of recurrence. To study the impact of prior surgery on recurrence rate after transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Eighteen patients with primary and 33 with recurrent maxillary sinus inverted papilloma underwent transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Caldwell-Luc operation was the primary surgery in 12 patients, transnasal endoscopic resection in 20, and midfacial degloving technique in one. The follow-up period ranged between 2 to 19.5 years with an average of 8.8 years. Recurrence was detected in 8/51 maxillary sinus inverted papilloma patients (15.7 %), 1/18 of primary cases (5.5 %), 7/33 of recurrent cases (21.2 %); 3/20 of the transnasal endoscopic resection group (15%) and 4/12 of the Caldwell-Luc group (33.3%). Redo transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy was followed by a single recurrence in the Caldwell-Luc group (25%), and no recurrence in the other groups. Recurrence is more common in recurrent maxillary sinus inverted papilloma than primary lesions. Recurrent maxillary sinus inverted papilloma after Caldwell-Luc operation has higher incidence of recurrence than after transnasal endoscopic resection.
21 CFR 184.1859 - Invert sugar.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Invert sugar. 184.1859 Section 184.1859 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1859 Invert sugar. (a) Invert sugar (CAS Reg. No. 8013-17-0) is an aqueous...
21 CFR 184.1859 - Invert sugar.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Invert sugar. 184.1859 Section 184.1859 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1859 Invert sugar. (a) Invert sugar (CAS Reg. No. 8013-17-0) is an aqueous...
21 CFR 184.1859 - Invert sugar.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Invert sugar. 184.1859 Section 184.1859 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1859 Invert sugar. (a) Invert sugar (CAS Reg. No. 8013-17-0) is an aqueous...
21 CFR 184.1859 - Invert sugar.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Invert sugar. 184.1859 Section 184.1859 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1859 Invert sugar. (a) Invert sugar (CAS Reg. No. 8013-17-0) is an aqueous...
Reorganization of Damaged Chromatin by the Exchange of Histone Variant H2A.Z-2
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nishibuchi, Ikuno; Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
2014-07-15
Purpose: The reorganization of damaged chromatin plays an important role in the regulation of the DNA damage response. A recent study revealed the presence of 2 vertebrate H2A.Z isoforms, H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2. However, the roles of the vertebrate H2A.Z isoforms are still unclear. Thus, in this study we examined the roles of the vertebrate H2A.Z isoforms in chromatin reorganization after the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Methods and Materials: To examine the dynamics of H2A.Z isoforms at damaged sites, we constructed GM0637 cells stably expressing each of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled H2A.Z isoforms, and performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)more » analysis and inverted FRAP analysis in combination with microirradiation. Immunofluorescence staining using an anti-RAD51 antibody was performed to study the kinetics of RAD51 foci formation after 2-Gy irradiation of wild-type (WT), H2A.Z-1- and H2A.Z-2-deficient DT40 cells. Colony-forming assays were also performed to compare the survival rates of WT, H2A.Z-1-, and H2A.Z-2-deficient DT40 cells with control, and H2A.Z-1- and H2A.Z-2-depleted U2OS cells after irradiation. Results: FRAP analysis revealed that H2A.Z-2 was incorporated into damaged chromatin just after the induction of DSBs, whereas H2A.Z-1 remained essentially unchanged. Inverted FRAP analysis showed that H2A.Z-2 was released from damaged chromatin. These findings indicated that H2A.Z-2 was exchanged at DSB sites immediately after the induction of DSBs. RAD51 focus formation after ionizing irradiation was disturbed in H2A.Z-2-deficient DT40 cells but not in H2A.Z-1-deficient cells. The survival rate of H2A.Z-2-deficient cells after irradiation was lower than those of WT and H2A.Z-1- DT40 cells. Similar to DT40 cells, H2A.Z-2-depleted U2OS cells were also radiation-sensitive compared to control and H2A.Z-1-depleted cells. Conclusions: We found that vertebrate H2A.Z-2 is involved in the regulation of
Simplified High-Power Inverter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Edwards, D. B.; Rippel, W. E.
1984-01-01
Solid-state inverter simplified by use of single gate-turnoff device (GTO) to commutate multiple silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR's). By eliminating conventional commutation circuitry, GTO reduces cost, size and weight. GTO commutation applicable to inverters of greater than 1-kilowatt capacity. Applications include emergency power, load leveling, drives for traction and stationary polyphase motors, and photovoltaic-power conditioning.
RELICS: A Candidate Galaxy Arc at z~10 and Other Brightly Lensed z>6 Galaxies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Salmon, Brett; Coe, Dan; Bradley, Larry; Bradac, Marusa; Huang, Kuang-Han; Oesch, Pascal; Brammer, Gabriel; Stark, Daniel P.; Sharon, Keren; Trenti, Michele; Avila, Roberto J.; Ogaz, Sara; Acebron, Ana; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Carrasco, Daniela; Cerny, Catherine; Cibirka, Nathália; Dawson, William; Frye, Brenda; Hoag, Austin; Jones, Christine; Mainali, Ramesh; Ouchi, Masami; Paterno-Mahler, Rachel; Rodney, Steven; Umetsu, Keiichi; Zitrin, Adi; RELICS
2018-01-01
Massive foreground galaxy clusters magnify and distort the light of objects behind them, permitting a view into both the extremely distant and intrinsically faint galaxy populations. We present here some of the most brightly lensed z>6 galaxy candidates known from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) and the discovery of a particularly fortuitous z~10 galaxy candidate which has been arced by the effects of strong gravitational lensing. The z~10 candidate has a lensed H-band magnitude of 25.8 AB mag and a high lensing magnification (~4-7). The inferred upper limits on the stellar mass (log [M_star /M_Sun]=9.5) and star formation rate (log [SFR/(M_Sun/yr)]=1.5) indicate that this candidate is a typical star-forming galaxy on the z>6 SFR-M_star relation. We rule out the only low-z solution as unphysical based on the required stellar mass, dust attenuation, size, and [OIII] EW needed for a z~2 SED to match the data. Finally, we reconstruct the source-plane image and estimate the candidate's physical size at z~10, finding a half-light radius of r_e < 0.8 kpc that is in line with the sizes of other z>9 candidates. While the James Webb Space Telescope will detect z>10 with ease, this rare candidate offers the potential for unprecedented spatial resolution less than 500 Myr after the Big Bang.
Surgical risk factors for recurrence of inverted papilloma.
Healy, David Y; Chhabra, Nipun; Metson, Ralph; Holbrook, Eric H; Gray, Stacey T
2016-04-01
To identify variations in surgical technique that impact the recurrence of inverted papilloma following endoscopic excision. Retrospective cohort. Data from 127 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic excision of inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma at a tertiary care medical center from 1998 to 2011 were reviewed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, tumor stage, and intraoperative details, including tumor location and management of the base, were evaluated to identify factors associated with tumor recurrence. Recurrence of papilloma occurred in 16 patients (12.6%). Mean time to recurrence was 31.0 months (range, 5.2-110.0 months). Mucosal stripping alone was associated with a recurrence rate of 52.2% (12/23 patients), compared to 4.9% (3/61 patients) when the tumor base was drilled, 4.7% (1/21 patients) when it was cauterized, and 0.0% (0/22 patients) when it was completely excised (P = .001). Increased recurrence rate was associated with tumors located in the maxillary sinus (P = .03), as well as the performance of endoscopic medial maxillectomy (P = .001) and external frontal approaches (P = .02). Drilling, cauterizing, or completely excising the bone underlying the tumor base during endoscopic resection reduces the recurrence rate of inverted and oncocytic papilloma, when compared to mucosal stripping alone. Surgeons who perform endoscopic resection of these tumors should consider utilization of these techniques when possible. 4. © 2015 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.
Operating temperatures of open-rack installed photovoltaic inverters
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhang, Z.; Wang, L.; Kurtz, S.
This paper presents a model for evaluating the heat-sink and component temperatures of open-rack installed photovoltaic inverters. These temperatures can be used for predicting inverter reliability. Inverter heat-sink temperatures were measured for inverters connected to three grid-connected PV (photovoltaic) test systems in Golden, Colorado, US. A model is proposed for calculating the inverter heat-sink temperature based on the ambient temperature, the ratio of the consumed power to the rated power of the inverter, and the measured wind speed. To verify and study this model, more than one year of inverter DC/AC power, irradiance, wind speed, and heat sink temperature risemore » data were collected and analyzed. The model is shown to be accurate in predicting average inverter temperatures, but will require further refinement for prediction of transient temperatures.« less
Chatrchyan, Serguei
2014-02-06
The production of a Z boson, decaying into two leptons and produced in association with one or more b jets, is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2011 with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb -1. The Z(ℓℓ) + b-jets cross sections (where ℓℓ = μμ or ee) are measured separately for a Z boson produced with exactly one b jet and with at least two b jets. In addition, a cross section ratio is extracted for a Z bosonmore » produced with at least one b jet, relative to a Z boson produced with at least one jet. The measured cross sections are compared to various theoretical predictions, and the data favour the predictions in the five-flavour scheme, where b quarks are assumed massless. The kinematic properties of the reconstructed particles are compared with the predictions from the MadGraph event generator using the pythia parton shower simulation.« less
New type of transformerless high efficiency inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Naaijer, G. J.
Inverter architectures are presented which allow economical ac/dc switching for solar cell array and battery power use in domestic and industrial applications. The efficiencies of currently available inverters are examined and compared with a new 2.2 kW transformerless stepped wave inverter. The inverter has low no-load losses, amounting to 200 Wh/24 hr, and features voltage steps occurring 15-30 times/sine wave period. An example is provided for an array/battery/inverter assembly with the inverter control electronics activating or disconnecting the battery subassemblies based on the total number of activated subassemblies in relation to a reference sinewave, and the need to average the battery subassembly discharge rates. A total harmonic distortion of 6 percent was observed, and the system is noted to be usable as a battery charger.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Homan, Jeroen; van der Klis, Michiel; Wijnands, Rudy; Belloni, Tomaso; Fender, Rob; Klein-Wolt, Marc; Casella, Piergiorgio; Méndez, Mariano; Gallo, Elena; Lewin, Walter H. G.; Gehrels, Neil
2007-02-01
We report on the first 10 weeks of RXTE observations of the X-ray transient XTE J1701-462 and conclude that it had all the characteristics of the neutron star Z sources, i.e., the brightest persistent neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. These include the typical Z-shaped tracks traced out in X-ray color diagrams and the variability components detected in the power spectra, such as kHz QPOs and normal and horizontal branch oscillations. XTE J1701-462 is the first transient Z source and provides unique insights into mass accretion rate (m˙) and luminosity dependencies in neutron star X-ray binaries. As its overall luminosity decreased, we observed a switch between two types of Z source behavior, with the branches of the Z track changing their shape and/or orientation. We interpret this as an extreme case of the more moderate long-term changes seen in the persistent Z sources and suggest that they result from changes in m˙. We also suggest that the Cyg-like Z sources (Cyg X-2, GX 5-1, and GX 340+0) are substantially more luminous (>50%) than the Sco-like Z sources (Sco X-1, GX 17+2, and GX 349+2). Adopting a possible explanation for the behavior of kHz QPOs, which involves a prompt as well as a filtered response to changes in m˙, we further propose that changes in m˙ can explain both movement along the Z track and changes in the shape of the Z track. We discuss some consequences of this and consider the possibility that the branches of the Z will smoothly evolve into the branches observed in X-ray color diagrams of the less luminous atoll sources, although not in a way that was previously suggested.
Measuring the radiative properties of astrophysical matter using the Z X-ray source
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bailey, James; ZAPP Team
2017-06-01
The Z Astrophysical Plasma Properties (ZAPP) collaboration is staging Z experiments that simultaneously investigate multiple topics in radiative properties of hot dense matter. The four astrophysics questions presently guiding this research are: 1) Why can’t we predict the location of the convection zone base in the Sun?; 2) How does radiation transport affect spectrum formation in accretion-powered objects?; 3) Why doesn’t spectral fitting provide the correct properties for White Dwarfs?; and 4) Why can’t we predict the heating and charge state distribution in photoionized plasmas? Recent progress using Z, the most energetic x-ray source on earth, to address these questions will be described. We emphasize the first two topics. Opacity models are an essential ingredient of stellar models and are highly sophisticated, but laboratory opacity tests have only now become possible at the conditions existing inside stars. Our opacity research emphasizes measuring iron at conditions relevant to the base of the solar convection zone, where the electron temperature and density are believed to be 190 eV and 9x1022 e/cc, respectively. The results exhibit large disagreements between iron opacity measurements and models and ongoing research is aimed at testing hypotheses for this discrepancy. The second project is motivated by the fact that emission lines from L-shell ions are not observed from iron in black hole accretion disks, but are observed from silicon in x-ray binaries. These disparate observations may be explained by differences in the radiation transport within the plasmas, but models for the spectral line formation and transport in photoionized plasmas have never been tested. We investigate photoionized silicon plasmas using absorption spectroscopy to infer the plasma conditions and emission spectroscopy to determine the dependence of spectral emission on plasma column density.++Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Auvray, Frédéric; Coddeville, Michèle; Ordonez, Romy Catoira; Ritzenthaler, Paul
1999-01-01
The temperate phage mv4 integrates its genome into the chromosome of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus by site-specific recombination within the 3′ end of a tRNASer gene. Recombination is catalyzed by the phage-encoded integrase and occurs between the phage attP site and the bacterial attB site. In this study, we show that the mv4 integrase functions in vivo in Escherichia coli and we characterize the bacterial attB site with a site-specific recombination test involving compatible plasmids carrying the recombination sites. The importance of particular nucleotides within the attB sequence was determined by site-directed mutagenesis. The structure of the attB site was found to be simple but rather unusual. A 16-bp DNA fragment was sufficient for function. Unlike most genetic elements that integrate their DNA into tRNA genes, none of the dyad symmetry elements of the tRNASer gene were present within the minimal attB site. No inverted repeats were detected within this site either, in contrast to the lambda site-specific recombination model. PMID:10572145
Krom, Yvonne D; Dumonceaux, Julie; Mamchaoui, Kamel; den Hamer, Bianca; Mariot, Virginie; Negroni, Elisa; Geng, Linda N; Martin, Nicolas; Tawil, Rabi; Tapscott, Stephen J; van Engelen, Baziel G M; Mouly, Vincent; Butler-Browne, Gillian S; van der Maarel, Silvère M
2012-10-01
In most cases facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by contraction of the D4Z4 repeat in the 4q subtelomere. This contraction is associated with local chromatin decondensation and derepression of the DUX4 retrogene. Its complex genetic and epigenetic cause and high clinical variability in disease severity complicate investigations on the pathogenic mechanism underlying FSHD. A validated cellular model bypassing the considerable heterogeneity would facilitate mechanistic and therapeutic studies of FSHD. Taking advantage of the high incidence of somatic mosaicism for D4Z4 repeat contraction in de novo FSHD, we have established a clonal myogenic cell model from a mosaic patient. Individual clones are genetically identical except for the size of the D4Z4 repeat array, being either normal or FSHD sized. These clones retain their myogenic characteristics, and D4Z4 contracted clones differ from the noncontracted clones by the bursts of expression of DUX4 in sporadic nuclei, showing that this burst-like phenomenon is a locus-intrinsic feature. Consequently, downstream effects of DUX4 expression can be observed in D4Z4 contracted clones, like differential expression of DUX4 target genes. We also show their participation to in vivo regeneration with immunodeficient mice, further expanding the potential of these clones for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. These cell lines will facilitate pairwise comparisons to identify FSHD-specific differences and are expected to create new opportunities for high-throughput drug screens. Copyright © 2012 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Development and performance of pulse-width-modulated static inverter and converter modules
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pittman, P. F.; Gourash, F.; Birchenough, A. G.; Pittman, P. F.; Ravas, R. J.; Hall, W. G.
1971-01-01
Pulse-width-modulated inverter and converter modules are being developed for modular aerospace electrical power systems. The modules, rate 2.5 kilowatts per module and 10-minute - 150-percent overload, operate from 56 volts dc. The converter module provides two output voltages: a nominal link voltage of 200 volts dc when used with the inverter, and 150 volts dc to a load bus when used separately. The inverter module output is 400-hertz, sinusoidal, three-phase, 120/208 volts. Tests of breadboard models with standard parts and integrated circuits show rated power efficiencies of 71.4 and 85.1 percent and voltage regulation of 5 and 3.1 percent for inverter and converter modules, respectively. Sine-wave output distortion is 0.74 percent.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cha, Ye-Eun; Shin, Dong-Kil; Kim, Il-Ho
2018-06-01
Partially double-filled p-type (Ce1- z Pr z ) y Fe4- x Co x Sb12 ( z = 0.25, 0.75; y = 0.8; x = 0, 0.5, 1.0) skutterudites were synthesized by encapsulated melting and consolidated by hot pressing. The microstructure, phase, charge transport characteristics, and thermoelectric properties of the hot-pressed specimens were analyzed. Detailed measurements indicated that the skutterudite phase was successfully synthesized, but a small amount of a secondary phase (FeSb2) was also identified. However, the amount of the FeSb2 phase decreased with an increase in the Co substitution. Unlike for the filled Ce1- z Pr z Fe4- x Co x Sb12 skutterudites with y = 1, the (Ce,Pr)Sb2 phases were not formed by partial filling with Ce/Pr. The electrical conductivity decreased with increasing temperature, similar to the behavior shown by degenerate semiconductors. The Hall coefficient and the Seebeck coefficients were positive, indicating that all specimens exhibited p-type characteristics. The electrical conductivity and the electronic thermal conductivity decreased with increasing Pr filling and Co substitution because of the decreased carrier concentration caused by charge compensation. A maximum dimensionless figure of merit, ZTmax = 0.84, was obtained at 623 K for (Ce0.75Pr0.25)0.8Fe3CoSb12.
THE SUBARU HIGH-z QUASAR SURVEY: DISCOVERY OF FAINT z ∼ 6 QUASARS
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kashikawa, Nobunari; Furusawa, Hisanori; Niino, Yuu
2015-01-01
We present the discovery of one or two extremely faint z ∼ 6 quasars in 6.5 deg{sup 2} utilizing a unique capability of the wide-field imaging of the Subaru/Suprime-Cam. The quasar selection was made in (i'-z{sub B} ) and (z{sub B} -z{sub R} ) colors, where z{sub B} and z{sub R} are bandpasses with central wavelengths of 8842 Å and 9841 Å, respectively. The color selection can effectively isolate quasars at z ∼ 6 from M/L/T dwarfs without the J-band photometry down to z{sub R} < 24.0, which is 3.5 mag deeper than the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Wemore » have selected 17 promising quasar candidates. The follow-up spectroscopy for seven targets identified one apparent quasar at z = 6.156 with M {sub 1450} = –23.10. We also identified one possible quasar at z = 6.041 with a faint continuum of M {sub 1450} = –22.58 and a narrow Lyα emission with HWHM =427 km s{sup –1}, which cannot be distinguished from Lyman α emitters. We derive the quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 6 by combining our faint quasar sample with the bright quasar samples by SDSS and CFHQS. Including our data points invokes a higher number density in the faintest bin of the quasar luminosity function than the previous estimate employed. This suggests a steeper faint-end slope than lower z, though it is yet uncertain based on a small number of spectroscopically identified faint quasars, and several quasar candidates still remain to be diagnosed. The steepening of the quasar luminosity function at the faint end does increase the expected emission rate of the ionizing photon; however, it only changes by a factor of approximately two to six. This was found to still be insufficient for the required photon budget of reionization at z ∼ 6.« less
Program Predicts Nonlinear Inverter Performance
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Al-Ayoubi, R. R.; Oepomo, T. S.
1985-01-01
Program developed for ac power distribution system on Shuttle orbiter predicts total load on inverters and node voltages at each of line replaceable units (LRU's). Mathematical model simulates inverter performance at each change of state in power distribution system.
CANDELS: THE EVOLUTION OF GALAXY REST-FRAME ULTRAVIOLET COLORS FROM z = 8 TO 4
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Finkelstein, Steven L.; Papovich, Casey; Salmon, Brett
2012-09-10
We study the evolution of galaxy rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) colors in the epoch 4 {approx}< z {approx}< 8. We use new wide-field near-infrared data in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South field from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey, Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) 2009, and Early Release Science programs to select galaxies via photometric redshift measurements. Our sample consists of 2812 candidate galaxies at z {approx}> 3.5, including 113 at z {approx_equal} 7-8. We fit the observed spectral energy distribution to a suite of synthetic stellar population models and measure the value of the UV spectral slopemore » ({beta}) from the best-fit model spectrum. We run simulations to show that this measurement technique results in a smaller scatter on {beta} than other methods, as well as a reduced number of galaxies with catastrophically incorrect {beta} measurements (i.e., {Delta}{beta} > 1). We find that the median value of {beta} evolves significantly from -1.82{sup +0.00}{sub -0.04} at z = 4 to -2.37{sup +0.26}{sub -0.06} at z = 7. Additionally, we find that faint galaxies at z = 7 have {beta} -2.68{sup +0.39}{sub -0.24} ({approx} -2.4 after correcting for observational bias); this is redder than previous claims in the literature and does not require 'exotic' stellar populations (e.g., very low metallicities or top-heavy initial mass functions) to explain their colors. This evolution can be explained by an increase in dust extinction, from low amounts at z = 7 to A{sub V} {approx} 0.5 mag at z = 4. The timescale for this increase is consistent with low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars forming the bulk of the dust. We find no significant (<2{sigma}) correlation between {beta} and M{sub UV} when measuring M{sub UV} at a consistent rest-frame wavelength of 1500 A. This is particularly true at bright magnitudes, though our results do show evidence for a weak correlation at faint magnitudes when galaxies in the HUDF are
The cathepsin B inhibitor z-FA-CMK induces cell death in leukemic T cells via oxidative stress.
Liow, K Y; Chow, Sek C
2018-01-01
The cathepsin B inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-chloromethyl ketone (z-FA-CMK) was recently found to induce apoptosis at low concentrations in Jurkat T cells, while at higher concentrations, the cells die of necrosis. In the present study, we showed that z-FA-CMK readily depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The toxicity of z-FA-CMK in Jurkat T cells was completely abrogated by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting that the toxicity mediated by z-FA-CMK is due to oxidative stress. We found that L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) which depletes intracellular GSH through the inhibition of GSH biosynthesis in Jurkat T cells did not promote ROS increase or induce cell death. However, NAC was still able to block z-FA-CMK toxicity in Jurkat T cells in the presence of BSO, indicating that the protective effect of NAC does not involve GSH biosynthesis. This is further corroborated by the protective effect of the non-metabolically active D-cysteine on z-FA-CMK toxicity. Furthermore, in BSO-treated cells, z-FA-CMK-induced ROS increased which remains unchanged, suggesting that the depletion of GSH and increase in ROS generation mediated by z-FA-CMK may be two separate events. Collectively, our results demonstrated that z-FA-CMK toxicity is mediated by oxidative stress through the increase in ROS generation.
The Internet and the Inverted Classroom.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lage, Maureen J.; Platt, Glenn
2000-01-01
Describes a Web site that is for an undergraduate principles of microeconomics course and a main component of "The Inverted Classroom" in which lectures take place outside of class. Explains that the Web site is divided into four sections: (1) the classroom; (2) the desk; (3) the coffee shop; and (4) the library. (CMK)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gilli, R.; Norman, C.; Vignali, C.; Vanzella, E.; Calura, F.; Pozzi, F.; Massardi, M.; Mignano, A.; Casasola, V.; Daddi, E.; Elbaz, D.; Dickinson, M.; Iwasawa, K.; Maiolino, R.; Brusa, M.; Vito, F.; Fritz, J.; Feltre, A.; Cresci, G.; Mignoli, M.; Comastri, A.; Zamorani, G.
2014-02-01
We report ALMA Cycle 0 observations at 1.3 mm of LESS J033229.4-275619 (XID403), an ultraluminous infrared galaxy at z = 4.75 in the Chandra Deep Field South hosting a Compton-thick QSO. The source is not resolved in our data at a resolution of ~0.75 arcsec, placing an upper-limit of 2.5 kpc to the half-light radius of the continuum emission from heated-dust. After deconvolving for the beam size, however, we found a ~3σ indication of an intrinsic source size of 0.27 ± 0.08 arcsec (Gaussian FWHM), which would correspond to rhalf ~ 0.9 ± 0.3 kpc. We build the far-infrared SED of XID403 by combining datapoints from both ALMA and Herschel and fit it with a modified blackbody spectrum. For the first time, we measure the dust temperature Td = 58.5 ± 5.3 K in this system, which is comparable to what has been observed in other high-z submillimeter galaxies. The measured star formation rate is SFR = 1020 ± 150 M⊙ yr-1, in agreement with previous estimates at lower S/N. Based on the measured SFR and source size, we constrain the SFR surface density to be ΣSFR > 26M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2 (~200M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2 for rhalf ~ 0.9 kpc). The compactness of this starburst is comparable to what has been observed in other local and high-z starburst galaxies. If the gas mass measured from previous [CII] and CO(2-1) observations at low resolution is confined within the same dust region, assuming rhalf ~ 0.9 ± 0.3 kpc, this would produce a column density of NH ~ 0.3-1.1 × 1024 cm-2 towards the central SMBH, similar to the column density of ≈1.4 × 1024 cm-2 measured from the X-rays. Then, in principle, if both gas and dust were confined on sub-kpc scales, this would be sufficient to produce the observed X-ray column density without any need of a pc-scale absorber (e.g. the torus postulated by Unified Models). We speculate that the high compactness of star formation, together with the presence of a powerful AGN, likely produce an outflowing wind. This would be consistent with the ~350
Damped and sub-damped Lyman-α absorbers in z > 4 QSOs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guimarães, R.; Petitjean, P.; de Carvalho, R. R.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Noterdaeme, P.; Castro, S.; Poppe, P. C. Da R.; Aghaee, A.
2009-12-01
We present the results of a survey of damped (DLA, log~N(H i)>20.3) and sub-damped Lyman-α systems (19.5
Algaddafi, Ali; Altuwayjiri, Saud A; Ahmed, Oday A; Daho, Ibrahim
2017-01-01
Grid connected inverters play a crucial role in generating energy to be fed to the grid. A filter is commonly used to suppress the switching frequency harmonics produced by the inverter, this being passive, and either an L- or LCL-filter. The latter is smaller in size compared to the L-filter. But choosing the optimal values of the LCL-filter is challenging due to resonance, which can affect stability. This paper presents a simple inverter controller design with an L-filter. The control topology is simple and applied easily using traditional control theory. Fast Fourier Transform analysis is used to compare different grid connected inverter control topologies. The modelled grid connected inverter with the proposed controller complies with the IEEE-1547 standard, and total harmonic distortion of the output current of the modelled inverter has been just 0.25% with an improved output waveform. Experimental work on a commercial PV inverter is then presented, including the effect of strong and weak grid connection. Inverter effects on the resistive load connected at the point of common coupling are presented. Results show that the voltage and current of resistive load, when the grid is interrupted, are increased, which may cause failure or damage for connecting appliances.
Altuwayjiri, Saud A.; Ahmed, Oday A.; Daho, Ibrahim
2017-01-01
Grid connected inverters play a crucial role in generating energy to be fed to the grid. A filter is commonly used to suppress the switching frequency harmonics produced by the inverter, this being passive, and either an L- or LCL-filter. The latter is smaller in size compared to the L-filter. But choosing the optimal values of the LCL-filter is challenging due to resonance, which can affect stability. This paper presents a simple inverter controller design with an L-filter. The control topology is simple and applied easily using traditional control theory. Fast Fourier Transform analysis is used to compare different grid connected inverter control topologies. The modelled grid connected inverter with the proposed controller complies with the IEEE-1547 standard, and total harmonic distortion of the output current of the modelled inverter has been just 0.25% with an improved output waveform. Experimental work on a commercial PV inverter is then presented, including the effect of strong and weak grid connection. Inverter effects on the resistive load connected at the point of common coupling are presented. Results show that the voltage and current of resistive load, when the grid is interrupted, are increased, which may cause failure or damage for connecting appliances. PMID:28540362
A Strongly Lensed Massive Ultracompact Quiescent Galaxy at z ~ 2.4 in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Field
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Muzzin, Adam; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; van Dokkum, Pieter; Holt, J.; Szomoru, Daniel; van de Sande, Jesse; Brammer, Gabriel; Marchesini, Danilo; Stefanon, Mauro; Buitrago, F.; Caputi, K. I.; Dunlop, James; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Le Févre, Olivier; McCracken, Henry J.; Milvang-Jensen, Bo
2012-12-01
We report the discovery of a massive ultracompact quiescent galaxy that has been strongly lensed into multiple images by a foreground galaxy at z = 0.960. This system was serendipitously discovered as a set of extremely Ks -bright high-redshift galaxies with red J - Ks colors using new data from the UltraVISTA YJHKs near-infrared survey. The system was also previously identified as an optically faint lens/source system using the COSMOS Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging by Faure et al. Photometric redshifts for the three brightest images of the source galaxy determined from 27-band photometry place the source at z = 2.4 ± 0.1. We provide an updated lens model for the system that is a good fit to the positions and morphologies of the galaxies in the ACS image. The lens model implies that the magnification of the three brightest images is a factor of 4-5. We use the lens model, combined with the Ks -band image, to constrain the size and Sérsic profile of the galaxy. The best-fit model is an ultracompact galaxy (Re = 0.64+0.08 - 0.18 kpc, lensing-corrected), with a Sérsic profile that is intermediate between a disk and a bulge profile (n = 2.2+2.3 - 0.9), albeit with considerable uncertainties on the Sérsic profile. We present aperture photometry for the source galaxy images that have been corrected for flux contamination from the central lens. The best-fit stellar population model is a massive galaxy (log(M star/M ⊙) = 10.8+0.1 - 0.1, lensing-corrected) with an age of 1.0+1.0 - 0.4 Gyr, moderate dust extinction (Av = 0.8+0.5 - 0.6), and a low specific star formation rate (log(SSFR) <-11.0 yr-1). This is typical of massive "red-and-dead" galaxies at this redshift and confirms that this source is the first bona fide strongly lensed massive ultracompact quiescent galaxy to be discovered. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects of finding a larger sample of these galaxies. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La
Reuter-Lorenz, P A; Givis, R P; Moscovitch, M
1983-01-01
Right-handers and inverted and non-inverted left-handers viewed emotional expressions in one hemifield and, simultaneously, a neutral expression of the same poser in the other hemifield. Subjects were required to identify the side containing the affective face. Happy faces with open (i.e. salient) and closed mouth smiles and sad faces were used as stimuli. For right-handers and inverters reaction time was faster to right hemifield presentations for happy faces and to left hemifield presentations for sad faces. Non-inverters showed the reverse pattern. The saliency of the happy expressions had no effect on the magnitude and direction of asymmetry for any group. The data support the hypothesis of differential hemispheric specialization for positive and negative emotion and demonstrate opposite patterns of asymmetry in affect perception for inverted and non-inverted left-handers.
Yao, Yunjin; Wu, Guodong; Lu, Fang; Wang, Shaobin; Hu, Yi; Zhang, Jie; Huang, Wanzheng; Wei, Fengyu
2016-11-01
Low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability toward producing strongly oxidative species are extremely desirable, but their development still remains a big challenge. Here, we report a novel strategy for the synthesis of a magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 /C 3 N 4 hybrid via a simple self-assembly method. The CoFe 2 O 4 /C 3 N 4 was utilized as a photo-Fenton-like catalyst for degradation of organic dyes in the presence of H 2 O 2 under natural indoor light irradiation, a green and energy-saving approach for environmental cleaning. It was found the CoFe 2 O 4 /C 3 N 4 hybrid with a CoFe 2 O 4 : g-C 3 N 4 mass ratio of 2:1 can completely degrade Rhodamine B nearly 100 % within 210 min under room-light irradiation. The effects of the amount of H 2 O 2 (0.01-0.5 M), initial dye concentration (5-20 mg/L), solution pH (3.08-10.09), fulvic acid concentration (5-50 mg/L), different dyes and catalyst stability on the organic dye degradation were investigated. The introduction of CoFe 2 O 4 on g-C 3 N 4 produced an enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated electron - hole pairs by a Z-scheme mechanism between the interfaces of g-C 3 N 4 and CoFe 2 O 4 , leading to an excellent activity as compared with either g-C 3 N 4 or CoFe 2 O 4 and their mixture. This study demonstrates an efficient way to construct the low-cost magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction as a typical Z-scheme system in environmental remediation.
Optical spectroscopy and initial mass function of z = 0.4 red galaxies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tang, Baitian; Worthey, Guy
2017-05-01
Spectral absorption features can be used to constrain the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in the integrated light of galaxies. Spectral indices used at low redshift are in the far red, and therefore increasingly hard to detect at higher and higher redshifts as they pass out of atmospheric transmission and CCD detector wavelength windows. We employ IMF-sensitive indices at bluer wavelengths. We stack spectra of red, quiescent galaxies around z = 0.4 from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey. The z = 0.4 red galaxies have 2 Gyr average ages so that they cannot be passively evolving precursors of nearby galaxies. They are slightly enhanced in C and Na, and slightly depressed in Ti. Split by luminosity, the fainter half appears to be older, a result that should be checked with larger samples in the future. We uncover no evidence for IMF evolution between z = 0.4 and now, but we highlight the importance of sample selection, finding that an SDSS sample culled to select archetypal elliptical galaxies at z ˜ 0 is offset towards a more bottom-heavy IMF. Other samples, including our DEEP2 sample, show an offset towards a more spiral galaxy-like IMF. All samples confirm that the reddest galaxies look bottom-heavy compared with bluer ones. Sample selection also influences age-colour trends: red, luminous galaxies always look old and metal rich, but the bluer ones can be more metal poor, the same abundance or more metal rich, depending on how they are selected.
Recurrent DUX4 fusions in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of adolescents and young adults.
Yasuda, Takahiko; Tsuzuki, Shinobu; Kawazu, Masahito; Hayakawa, Fumihiko; Kojima, Shinya; Ueno, Toshihide; Imoto, Naoto; Kohsaka, Shinji; Kunita, Akiko; Doi, Koichiro; Sakura, Toru; Yujiri, Toshiaki; Kondo, Eisei; Fujimaki, Katsumichi; Ueda, Yasunori; Aoyama, Yasutaka; Ohtake, Shigeki; Takita, Junko; Sai, Eirin; Taniwaki, Masafumi; Kurokawa, Mineo; Morishita, Shinichi; Fukayama, Masashi; Kiyoi, Hitoshi; Miyazaki, Yasushi; Naoe, Tomoki; Mano, Hiroyuki
2016-05-01
The oncogenic mechanisms underlying acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adolescents and young adults (AYA; 15-39 years old) remain largely elusive. Here we have searched for new oncogenes in AYA-ALL by performing RNA-seq analysis of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative AYA-ALL specimens (n = 73) with the use of a next-generation sequencer. Interestingly, insertion of D4Z4 repeats containing the DUX4 gene into the IGH locus was frequently identified in B cell AYA-ALL, leading to a high level of expression of DUX4 protein with an aberrant C terminus. A transplantation assay in mice demonstrated that expression of DUX4-IGH in pro-B cells was capable of generating B cell leukemia in vivo. DUX4 fusions were preferentially detected in the AYA generation. Our data thus show that DUX4 can become an oncogenic driver as a result of somatic chromosomal rearrangements and that AYA-ALL may be a clinical entity distinct from ALL at other ages.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Reddy, Naveen A.; Steidel, Charles C.; Erb, Dawn K.; Shapley, Alice E.; Pettini, Max
2006-12-01
We present the results of a spectroscopic survey with LRIS-B on Keck of more than 280 star-forming galaxies and AGNs at redshifts 1.4<~z<~3.0 in the GOODS-N field. Candidates are selected by their UnGR colors using the ``BM/BX'' criteria to target redshift 1.4<~z<~2.5 galaxies and the LBG criteria to target redshift z~3 galaxies; combined these samples account for ~25%-30% of the R and Ks band counts to R=25.5 and Ks(AB)=24.4, respectively. The 212 BM/BX galaxies and 74 LBGs constitute the largest spectroscopic sample of galaxies at z>1.4 in GOODS-N. Extensive multiwavelength data allow us to investigate the stellar populations, stellar masses, bolometric luminosities (Lbol), and extinction of z~2 galaxies. Deep Chandra and Spitzer data indicate that the sample includes galaxies with a wide range in Lbol (~=1010 to >1012 Lsolar) and 4 orders of magnitude in dust obscuration (Lbol/LUV). The sample includes galaxies with a large dynamic range in evolutionary state, from very young galaxies (ages ~=50 Myr) with small stellar masses (M*~=109 Msolar) to evolved galaxies with stellar masses comparable to the most massive galaxies at these redshifts (M*>1011 Msolar). Spitzer data indicate that the optical sample includes some fraction of the obscured AGN population at high redshifts: at least 3 of 11 AGNs in the z>1.4 sample are undetected in the deep X-ray data but exhibit power-law SEDs longward of ~2 μm (rest frame) indicative of obscured AGNs. The results of our survey indicate that rest-frame UV selection and spectroscopy presently constitute the most timewise efficient method of culling large samples of high-redshift galaxies with a wide range in intrinsic properties, and the data presented here will add significantly to the multiwavelength legacy of GOODS. Based on data obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA and was made possible by
Xu, Ming-Yi; Jia, Xiao-Fang; Qu, Ying; Zheng, Rui-Dan; Yuan, Zheng-Hong; Weng, Hong-Lei; Dooley, Steven; Wang, Xing-Peng; Zhang, Li-Jun; Lu, Lun-Gen
2013-09-27
Due to known limitations of liver biopsy, reliable non-invasive serum biomarkers for chronic liver diseases are needed. We performed serum peptidomics for such investigation in compensated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed peptides in sera from 40 CHB patients (20 with S0G0-S1G1 and 20 with S3G3-S4G4). Ion pair quantification from differentially expressed peptides in a validation set of sera from 86 CHB patients was done with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). 21 differentially represented peptide peaks were found through LC-MS/MS. Ion pairs generated from eleven of these peptides (m/z < 800) were quantified by MRM. Summed peak area ratios of 6 ion pairs from peptide m/z 520.3 (176.1, 353.7, 459.8, 503.3, 351.3, 593.1), which was identified as dihydroxyacetone kinase (DAK) fragment, decreased from mild to advanced stages of fibrosis or inflammation. Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (AUROCs) of five ion models discriminating fibrosis degrees were 0.871 ~ 0.915 (S2-4 versus S0-1) and 0.804 ~ 0.924 (S3-4 versus S0-2). AUROCs discriminating inflammation grades were 0.840 ~ 0.902 (G2-4 versus G0-1) and 0.787 ~ 0.888 (G3-4 versus G0-2). The diagnostic power of these models provides improved sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease progression as compared to aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4, Forn's index and serum DAK protein. The peptide fragment (m/z 520.3) of DAK is a promising biomarker to guide timing of antiviral treatment and to avoid liver biopsy in compensated CHB patients.
Stochastic p -Bits for Invertible Logic
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Camsari, Kerem Yunus; Faria, Rafatul; Sutton, Brian M.; Datta, Supriyo
2017-07-01
number of samples is enough, while for less directed connections more samples are needed, but even in the former case logical invertibility is largely preserved. This combination of digital accuracy and logical invertibility is enabled by the hybrid design that uses bidirectional BM units to construct circuits with partially directed interunit connections. We establish this key result with extensive examples including a 4-bit multiplier which in inverted mode functions as a factorizer.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jones, K. M.; Ghosh, T.; Salter, C. J.
2018-06-01
4C+15.05 (also known as NRAO 91, PKS 0202+14, or J0204+15) is a quintessential blazar. It has a luminous, variable radio spectrum, a super-luminal jet, and gamma-ray detections. Arecibo observations with the 700–800 MHz receiver on the 305 m diameter William E. Gordon Telescope detected, serendipitously, H I in absorption against 4C+15.05 while using it as a bandpass calibrator for another object in an H I absorption project. Although the redshift we derive is different from that commonly in use in the literature (nominally z = 0.405), it agrees very well with the value of z = 0.833 determined by Stickel et al. This absorption feature is best fitted by a sum of three Gaussians, which yield an average redshift of z = 0.8336 ± 0.0004, although without corresponding high-resolution imaging it is not possible to say whether the components are parts of outflows or inflows. A total column density of N(H I) = 2.39 ± 0.13 × 1021 cm‑2 is derived, relatively high compared to many radio-loud sources. These results are compared to various relationships in the literature.
Printed 2 V-operating organic inverter arrays employing a small-molecule/polymer blend
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shiwaku, Rei; Takeda, Yasunori; Fukuda, Takashi; Fukuda, Kenjiro; Matsui, Hiroyuki; Kumaki, Daisuke; Tokito, Shizuo
2016-10-01
Printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are well suited for low-cost electronic applications, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors. Achieving both high carrier mobility and uniform electrical characteristics in printed OTFT devices is essential in these applications. Here, we report on printed high-performance OTFTs and circuits using silver nanoparticle inks for the source/drain electrodes and a blend of dithieno[2,3-d2‧,3‧-d‧]benzo[1,2-b4,5-b‧]dithiophene (DTBDT-C6) and polystyrene for the organic semiconducting layer. A high saturation region mobility of 1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 at low operation voltage of -5 V was obtained for relatively short channel lengths of 9 μm. All fifteen of the printed pseudo-CMOS inverter circuits were formed on a common substrate and operated at low operation voltage of 2 V with the total variation in threshold voltage of 0.35 V. Consequently, the printed OTFT devices can be used in more complex integrated circuit applications requiring low manufacturing cost over large areas.
Printed 2 V-operating organic inverter arrays employing a small-molecule/polymer blend
Shiwaku, Rei; Takeda, Yasunori; Fukuda, Takashi; Fukuda, Kenjiro; Matsui, Hiroyuki; Kumaki, Daisuke; Tokito, Shizuo
2016-01-01
Printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are well suited for low-cost electronic applications, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors. Achieving both high carrier mobility and uniform electrical characteristics in printed OTFT devices is essential in these applications. Here, we report on printed high-performance OTFTs and circuits using silver nanoparticle inks for the source/drain electrodes and a blend of dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene (DTBDT-C6) and polystyrene for the organic semiconducting layer. A high saturation region mobility of 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 at low operation voltage of −5 V was obtained for relatively short channel lengths of 9 μm. All fifteen of the printed pseudo-CMOS inverter circuits were formed on a common substrate and operated at low operation voltage of 2 V with the total variation in threshold voltage of 0.35 V. Consequently, the printed OTFT devices can be used in more complex integrated circuit applications requiring low manufacturing cost over large areas. PMID:27698493
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education..., Subpt. B, App. B Appendix B to Subpart B—Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education... training and education opportunities. There may be other non-governmental, tribal, or private sources not...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education..., Subpt. B, App. B Appendix B to Subpart B—Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education... training and education opportunities. There may be other non-governmental, tribal, or private sources not...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education..., Subpt. B, App. B Appendix B to Subpart B—Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education... training and education opportunities. There may be other non-governmental, tribal, or private sources not...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education..., Subpt. B, App. B Appendix B to Subpart B—Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education... training and education opportunities. There may be other non-governmental, tribal, or private sources not...
Ionised outflows in z ~ 2.4 quasar host galaxies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Carniani, S.; Marconi, A.; Maiolino, R.; Balmaverde, B.; Brusa, M.; Cano-Díaz, M.; Cicone, C.; Comastri, A.; Cresci, G.; Fiore, F.; Feruglio, C.; La Franca, F.; Mainieri, V.; Mannucci, F.; Nagao, T.; Netzer, H.; Piconcelli, E.; Risaliti, G.; Schneider, R.; Shemmer, O.
2015-08-01
Aims: Outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are invoked by galaxy evolutionary models to quench star formation and to explain the origin of the relations observed locally between super-massive black holes and their host galaxies. We here aim to detect extended ionised outflows in luminous quasars, where we expect the highest activity both in star formation and in black-hole accretion. Currently, there are only a few studies based on spatially resolved observations of outflows at high redshift, z > 2. Methods: We analysed a sample of six luminous (L > 1047 erg/s) quasars at z ~ 2.4, observed in H-band using the near-IR integral field spectrometer SINFONI at the VLT. We performed a kinematic analysis of the [Oiii] emission line at λ = 5007 Å. Results: We detect fast, spatially extended outflows in five out of six targets. [Oiii]λ5007 has a complex gas kinematic, with blue-shifted velocities of a few hundreds of km s-1 and line widths up to 1500 km s-1. Using the spectroastrometric method, we infer a size of the ionised outflows of up to ~2 kpc. The properties of the ionised outflows, mass outflow rate, momentum rate, and kinetic power, are correlated with the AGN luminosity. The increase in outflow rate with increasing AGN luminosity is consistent with the idea that a luminous AGN pushes away the surrounding gas through fast outflows that are driven by radiation pressure, which depends on the emitted luminosity. Conclusions: We derive mass outflow rates of about 6-700 M⊙ yr-1 for our sample, which are lower than those observed in molecular outflows. The physical properties of ionised outflows show dependences on AGN luminosity that are similar to those of molecular outflows, but indicate that the mass of ionised gas is lower than that of molecular outflows. Alternatively, this discrepancy between ionised and molecular outflows could be explained with different acceleration mechanisms. Based on Observations collected at the European Organisation for
Search for neutral resonances decaying into a Z boson and a pair of b jets or τ leptons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Asilar, E.; Bergauer, T.; Brandstetter, J.; Brondolin, E.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J.; Flechl, M.; Friedl, M.; Frühwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hörmann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Knünz, V.; König, A.; Krammer, M.; Krätschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Matsushita, T.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schieck, J.; Schöfbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Treberer-Treberspurg, W.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C.-E.; Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Suarez Gonzalez, J.; Alderweireldt, S.; Cornelis, T.; De Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Knutsson, A.; Lauwers, J.; Luyckx, S.; Van De Klundert, M.; Van Haevermaet, H.; Van Mechelen, P.; Van Remortel, N.; Van Spilbeeck, A.; Abu Zeid, S.; Blekman, F.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; De Bruyn, I.; Deroover, K.; Heracleous, N.; Keaveney, J.; Lowette, S.; Moreels, L.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Strom, D.; Tavernier, S.; Van Doninck, W.; Van Mulders, P.; Van Onsem, G. P.; Van Parijs, I.; Barria, P.; Brun, H.; Caillol, C.; Clerbaux, B.; De Lentdecker, G.; Fasanella, G.; Favart, L.; Grebenyuk, A.; Karapostoli, G.; Lenzi, T.; Léonard, A.; Maerschalk, T.; Marinov, A.; Perniè, L.; Randle-Conde, A.; Seva, T.; Vander Velde, C.; Vanlaer, P.; Yonamine, R.; Zenoni, F.; Zhang, F.; Beernaert, K.; Benucci, L.; Cimmino, A.; Crucy, S.; Dobur, D.; Fagot, A.; Garcia, G.; Gul, M.; Mccartin, J.; Ocampo Rios, A. A.; Poyraz, D.; Ryckbosch, D.; Salva, S.; Sigamani, M.; Tytgat, M.; Van Driessche, W.; Yazgan, E.; Zaganidis, N.; Basegmez, S.; Beluffi, C.; Bondu, O.; Brochet, S.; Bruno, G.; Caudron, A.; Ceard, L.; Da Silveira, G. G.; Delaere, C.; Favart, D.; Forthomme, L.; Giammanco, A.; Hollar, J.; Jafari, A.; Jez, P.; Komm, M.; Lemaitre, V.; Mertens, A.; Musich, M.; Nuttens, C.; Perrini, L.; Pin, A.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Popov, A.; Quertenmont, L.; Selvaggi, M.; Vidal Marono, M.; Beliy, N.; Hammad, G. H.; Aldá Júnior, W. L.; Alves, F. L.; Alves, G. A.; Brito, L.; Correa Martins, M.; Hamer, M.; Hensel, C.; Moraes, A.; Pol, M. E.; Rebello Teles, P.; Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E.; Carvalho, W.; Chinellato, J.; Custódio, A.; Da Costa, E. M.; De Jesus Damiao, D.; De Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca De Souza, S.; Huertas Guativa, L. M.; Malbouisson, H.; Matos Figueiredo, D.; Mora Herrera, C.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Prado Da Silva, W. L.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.; Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Ahuja, S.; Bernardes, C. A.; De Souza Santos, A.; Dogra, S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Moon, C. S.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.; Romero Abad, D.; Ruiz Vargas, J. C.; Aleksandrov, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Vutova, M.; Dimitrov, A.; Glushkov, I.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Ahmad, M.; Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Du, R.; Jiang, C. H.; Plestina, R.; Romeo, F.; Shaheen, S. M.; Spiezia, A.; Tao, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Ban, Y.; Li, Q.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, D.; Xu, Z.; Avila, C.; Cabrera, A.; Chaparro Sierra, L. F.; Florez, C.; Gomez, J. P.; Gomez Moreno, B.; Sanabria, J. C.; Godinovic, N.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M.; Antunovic, Z.; Kovac, M.; Brigljevic, V.; Kadija, K.; Luetic, J.; Micanovic, S.; Sudic, L.; Attikis, A.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Mousa, J.; Nicolaou, C.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Rykaczewski, H.; Bodlak, M.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; El-khateeb, E.; Elkafrawy, T.; Mohamed, A.; Salama, E.; Calpas, B.; Kadastik, M.; Murumaa, M.; Raidal, M.; Tiko, A.; Veelken, C.; Eerola, P.; Pekkanen, J.; Voutilainen, M.; Härkönen, J.; Karimäki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Lampén, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Lindén, T.; Luukka, P.; Peltola, T.; Tuominen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Wendland, L.; Talvitie, J.; Tuuva, T.; Besancon, M.; Couderc, F.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Favaro, C.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Jarry, P.; Locci, E.; Machet, M.; Malcles, J.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Titov, M.; Zghiche, A.; Antropov, I.; Baffioni, S.; Beaudette, F.; Busson, P.; Cadamuro, L.; Chapon, E.; Charlot, C.; Davignon, O.; Filipovic, N.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Jo, M.; Lisniak, S.; Mastrolorenzo, L.; Miné, P.; Naranjo, I. N.; Nguyen, M.; Ochando, C.; Ortona, G.; Paganini, P.; Pigard, P.; Regnard, S.; Salerno, R.; Sauvan, J. B.; Sirois, Y.; Strebler, T.; Yilmaz, Y.; Zabi, A.; Agram, J.-L.; Andrea, J.; Aubin, A.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J.-M.; Buttignol, M.; Chabert, E. C.; Chanon, N.; Collard, C.; Conte, E.; Coubez, X.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Gelé, D.; Goerlach, U.; Goetzmann, C.; Le Bihan, A.-C.; Merlin, J. A.; Skovpen, K.; Van Hove, P.; Gadrat, S.; Beauceron, S.; Bernet, C.; Boudoul, G.; Bouvier, E.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Courbon, B.; Depasse, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Fan, J.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Gouzevitch, M.; Ille, B.; Lagarde, F.; Laktineh, I. B.; Lethuillier, M.; Mirabito, L.; Pequegnot, A. L.; Perries, S.; Ruiz Alvarez, J. D.; Sabes, D.; Sgandurra, L.; Sordini, V.; Vander Donckt, M.; Verdier, P.; Viret, S.; Toriashvili, T.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Autermann, C.; Beranek, S.; Feld, L.; Heister, A.; Kiesel, M. 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V.; Baskakov, A.; Belyaev, A.; Boos, E.; Bunichev, V.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Myagkov, I.; Obraztsov, S.; Petrushanko, S.; Savrin, V.; Azhgirey, I.; Bayshev, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Kachanov, V.; Kalinin, A.; Konstantinov, D.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.; Adzic, P.; Cirkovic, P.; Milosevic, J.; Rekovic, V.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Calvo, E.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Colino, N.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Escalante Del Valle, A.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernández Ramos, J. P.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Navarro De Martino, E.; Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo, A.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Quintario Olmeda, A.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Soares, M. S.; Albajar, C.; de Trocóniz, J. 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V.; Neugebauer, H.; Orfanelli, S.; Orsini, L.; Pape, L.; Perez, E.; Peruzzi, M.; Petrilli, A.; Petrucciani, G.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Piparo, D.; Racz, A.; Reis, T.; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Ruan, M.; Sakulin, H.; Schäfer, C.; Schwick, C.; Seidel, M.; Sharma, A.; Silva, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Steggemann, J.; Stieger, B.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Treille, D.; Triossi, A.; Tsirou, A.; Veres, G. I.; Wardle, N.; Wöhri, H. K.; Zagozdzinska, A.; Zeuner, W. D.; Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Bachmair, F.; Bäni, L.; Bianchini, L.; Casal, B.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Donegà, M.; Eller, P.; Grab, C.; Heidegger, C.; Hits, D.; Hoss, J.; Kasieczka, G.; Lustermann, W.; Mangano, B.; Marionneau, M.; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P.; Masciovecchio, M.; Meister, D.; Micheli, F.; Musella, P.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pandolfi, F.; Pata, J.; Pauss, F.; Perrozzi, L.; Quittnat, M.; Rossini, M.; Schönenberger, M.; Starodumov, A.; Takahashi, M.; Tavolaro, V. R.; Theofilatos, K.; Wallny, R.; Aarrestad, T. K.; Amsler, C.; Caminada, L.; Canelli, M. F.; Chiochia, V.; De Cosa, A.; Galloni, C.; Hinzmann, A.; Hreus, T.; Kilminster, B.; Lange, C.; Ngadiuba, J.; Pinna, D.; Rauco, G.; Robmann, P.; Ronga, F. J.; Salerno, D.; Yang, Y.; Cardaci, M.; Chen, K. H.; Doan, T. H.; Jain, Sh.; Khurana, R.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W.; Lu, Y. J.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Yu, S. S.; Kumar, Arun; Bartek, R.; Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chang, Y. 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M.; Paramesvaran, S.; Poll, A.; Sakuma, T.; Seif El Nasr-Storey, S.; Senkin, S.; Smith, D.; Smith, V. J.; Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Calligaris, L.; Cieri, D.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Thea, A.; Tomalin, I. R.; Williams, T.; Worm, S. D.; Baber, M.; Bainbridge, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Bundock, A.; Burton, D.; Casasso, S.; Citron, M.; Colling, D.; Corpe, L.; Cripps, N.; Dauncey, P.; Davies, G.; De Wit, A.; Della Negra, M.; Dunne, P.; Elwood, A.; Ferguson, W.; Futyan, D.; Hall, G.; Iles, G.; Kenzie, M.; Lane, R.; Lucas, R.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A.-M.; Malik, S.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Pela, J.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Raymond, D. M.; Richards, A.; Rose, A.; Seez, C.; Tapper, A.; Uchida, K.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Virdee, T.; Zenz, S. C.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leggat, D.; Leslie, D.; Reid, I. D.; Symonds, P.; Teodorescu, L.; Turner, M.; Borzou, A.; Call, K.; Dittmann, J.; Hatakeyama, K.; Liu, H.; Pastika, N.; Charaf, O.; Cooper, S. I.; Henderson, C.; Rumerio, P.; Arcaro, D.; Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Fantasia, C.; Gastler, D.; Lawson, P.; Rankin, D.; Richardson, C.; Rohlf, J.; St. John, J.; Sulak, L.; Zou, D.; Alimena, J.; Berry, E.; Bhattacharya, S.; Cutts, D.; Ferapontov, A.; Garabedian, A.; Hakala, J.; Heintz, U.; Laird, E.; Landsberg, G.; Mao, Z.; Narain, M.; Piperov, S.; Sagir, S.; Syarif, R.; Breedon, R.; Breto, G.; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M.; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Conway, R.; Cox, P. T.; Erbacher, R.; Funk, G.; Gardner, M.; Ko, W.; Lander, R.; Mclean, C.; Mulhearn, M.; Pellett, D.; Pilot, J.; Ricci-Tam, F.; Shalhout, S.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stolp, D.; Tripathi, M.; Wilbur, S.; Yohay, R.; Cousins, R.; Everaerts, P.; Florent, A.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Saltzberg, D.; Takasugi, E.; Valuev, V.; Weber, M.; Burt, K.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Heilman, J.; Ivova Paneva, M.; Jandir, P.; Kennedy, E.; Lacroix, F.; Long, O. R.; Luthra, A.; Malberti, M.; Olmedo Negrete, M.; Shrinivas, A.; Wei, H.; Wimpenny, S.; Yates, B. R.; Branson, J. G.; Cerati, G. B.; Cittolin, S.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Derdzinski, M.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Klein, D.; Letts, J.; Macneill, I.; Olivito, D.; Padhi, S.; Pieri, M.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Tadel, M.; Vartak, A.; Wasserbaech, S.; Welke, C.; Würthwein, F.; Yagil, A.; Zevi Della Porta, G.; Bradmiller-Feld, J.; Campagnari, C.; Dishaw, A.; Dutta, V.; Flowers, K.; Franco Sevilla, M.; Geffert, P.; George, C.; Golf, F.; Gouskos, L.; Gran, J.; Incandela, J.; Mccoll, N.; Mullin, S. D.; Richman, J.; Stuart, D.; Suarez, I.; West, C.; Yoo, J.; Anderson, D.; Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Duarte, J.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Pena, C.; Spiropulu, M.; Vlimant, J. R.; Xie, S.; Zhu, R. Y.; Andrews, M. B.; Azzolini, V.; Calamba, A.; Carlson, B.; Ferguson, T.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Sun, M.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.; Cumalat, J. P.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Jensen, F.; Johnson, A.; Krohn, M.; Mulholland, T.; Nauenberg, U.; Stenson, K.; Wagner, S. R.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaves, J.; Chu, J.; Dittmer, S.; Eggert, N.; Mirman, N.; Nicolas Kaufman, G.; Patterson, J. R.; Rinkevicius, A.; Ryd, A.; Skinnari, L.; Soffi, L.; Sun, W.; Tan, S. M.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Tucker, J.; Weng, Y.; Wittich, P.; Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Apollinari, G.; Banerjee, S.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bolla, G.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gottschalk, E.; Gray, L.; Green, D.; Grünendahl, S.; Gutsche, O.; Hanlon, J.; Hare, D.; Harris, R. M.; Hasegawa, S.; Hirschauer, J.; Hu, Z.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kreis, B.; Lammel, S.; Linacre, J.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Liu, T.; Lopes De Sá, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Merkel, P.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Nahn, S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Pedro, K.; Prokofyev, O.; Rakness, G.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Strobbe, N.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tran, N. V.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vernieri, C.; Verzocchi, M.; Vidal, R.; Weber, H. A.; Whitbeck, A.; Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bortignon, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Carnes, A.; Carver, M.; Curry, D.; Das, S.; Field, R. D.; Furic, I. K.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Low, J. F.; Ma, P.; Matchev, K.; Mei, H.; Milenovic, P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Rank, D.; Rossin, R.; Shchutska, L.; Snowball, M.; Sperka, D.; Terentyev, N.; Thomas, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, S.; Yelton, J.; Hewamanage, S.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.; Ackert, A.; Adams, J. R.; Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bein, S.; Bochenek, J.; Diamond, B.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Johnson, K. F.; Khatiwada, A.; Prosper, H.; Weinberg, M.; Baarmand, M. M.; Bhopatkar, V.; Colafranceschi, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Noonan, D.; Roy, T.; Yumiceva, F.; Adams, M. R.; Apanasevich, L.; Berry, D.; Betts, R. R.; Bucinskaite, I.; Cavanaugh, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Kurt, P.; O'Brien, C.; Sandoval Gonzalez, I. D.; Turner, P.; Varelas, N.; Wu, Z.; Zakaria, M.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Dilsiz, K.; Durgut, S.; Gandrajula, R. P.; Haytmyradov, M.; Khristenko, V.; Merlo, J.-P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Ogul, H.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Penzo, A.; Snyder, C.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yi, K.; Anderson, I.; Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Eminizer, N.; Fehling, D.; Feng, L.; Gritsan, A. V.; Maksimovic, P.; Martin, C.; Osherson, M.; Roskes, J.; Sady, A.; Sarica, U.; Swartz, M.; Xiao, M.; Xin, Y.; You, C.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Bruner, C.; Kenny, R. P.; Majumder, D.; Malek, M.; Murray, M.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Wang, Q.; Ivanov, A.; Kaadze, K.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Mohammadi, A.; Saini, L. K.; Skhirtladze, N.; Toda, S.; Lange, D.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.; Anelli, C.; Baden, A.; Baron, O.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Ferraioli, C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Jabeen, S.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Kunkle, J.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Shin, Y. H.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Baty, A.; Bierwagen, K.; Brandt, S.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Demiragli, Z.; Di Matteo, L.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Iiyama, Y.; Innocenti, G. M.; Klute, M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y.-J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Marini, A. C.; Mcginn, C.; Mironov, C.; Narayanan, S.; Niu, X.; Paus, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Salfeld-Nebgen, J.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Varma, M.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, T. W.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zhukova, V.; Dahmes, B.; Evans, A.; Finkel, A.; Gude, A.; Hansen, P.; Kalafut, S.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Lesko, Z.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Ruckstuhl, N.; Rusack, R.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.; Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Fangmeier, C.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Kamalieddin, R.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Meier, F.; Monroy, J.; Ratnikov, F.; Siado, J. E.; Snow, G. R.; Alyari, M.; Dolen, J.; George, J.; Godshalk, A.; Harrington, C.; Iashvili, I.; Kaisen, J.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Rappoccio, S.; Roozbahani, B.; Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Hortiangtham, A.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Teixeira De Lima, R.; Trocino, D.; Wang, R.-J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.; Hahn, K. A.; Kubik, A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Sung, K.; Trovato, M.; Velasco, M.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Dev, N.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kellams, N.; Lannon, K.; Marinelli, N.; Meng, F.; Mueller, C.; Musienko, Y.; Planer, M.; Reinsvold, A.; Ruchti, R.; Smith, G.; Taroni, S.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.; Antonelli, L.; Brinson, J.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Hart, A.; Hill, C.; Hughes, R.; Ji, W.; Ling, T. Y.; Liu, B.; Luo, W.; Puigh, D.; Rodenburg, M.; Winer, B. L.; Wulsin, H. W.; Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hardenbrook, J.; Hebda, P.; Koay, S. A.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Palmer, C.; Piroué, P.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Zuranski, A.; Malik, S.; Barker, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bortoletto, D.; Gutay, L.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, A. W.; Jung, K.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shi, X.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Sun, J.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Xu, L.; Parashar, N.; Stupak, J.; Adair, A.; Akgun, B.; Chen, Z.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Guilbaud, M.; Li, W.; Michlin, B.; Northup, M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Rorie, J.; Tu, Z.; Zabel, J.; Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Ferbel, T.; Galanti, M.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Han, J.; Harel, A.; Hindrichs, O.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Petrillo, G.; Tan, P.; Verzetti, M.; Arora, S.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Hughes, E.; Kaplan, S.; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.; Lath, A.; Nash, K.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Foerster, M.; Riley, G.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; Bouhali, O.; Castaneda Hernandez, A.; Celik, A.; Dalchenko, M.; De Mattia, M.; Delgado, A.; Dildick, S.; Eusebi, R.; Gilmore, J.; Huang, T.; Kamon, T.; Krutelyov, V.; Mueller, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Patel, R.; Perloff, A.; Rose, A.; Safonov, A.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Mao, Y.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Wood, J.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Sharma, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Woods, N.
2016-08-01
A search is performed for a new resonance decaying into a lighter resonance and a Z boson. Two channels are studied, targeting the decay of the lighter resonance into either a pair of oppositely charged τ leptons or a b b ‾ pair. The Z boson is identified via its decays to electrons or muons. The search exploits data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb-1. No significant deviations are observed from the standard model expectation and limits are set on production cross sections and parameters of two-Higgs-doublet models.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... of External Power Supplies Z Appendix Z to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY... Power Supplies 1. Scope: This appendix covers the test requirements used to measure energy consumption of external power supplies. 2. Definitions: The following definitions are for the purposes of...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... of External Power Supplies Z Appendix Z to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY... Power Supplies 1. Scope: This appendix covers the test requirements used to measure energy consumption of external power supplies. 2. Definitions: The following definitions are for the purposes of...
Efficient cascade multiple heterojunction organic solar cells with inverted structure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guo, Tingting; Li, Mingtao; Qiao, Zhenfang; Yu, Leiming; Zhao, Jianhong; Feng, Nianjun; Shi, Peiguang; Wang, Xiaoyan; Pu, Xiaoyun; Wang, Hai
2018-05-01
In this work, we demonstrate an efficient cascade multiple heterojunction organic solar cell with inverted structure. By using two donor materials, poly(3-hexylthiosphene) (P3HT) and titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc), as well as two acceptor materials, [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and C60, the cascade multiple heterojunctions of P3HT:PCBM/TiOPc:C60/C60 have been constructed. Applying the optimized inverted configuration of FTO/Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO)/C60 (30 nm)/TiOPc:C60 (1:1.5, 25 nm)/P3HT:PCBM (1:0.8, 100 nm)/MoO3 (4 nm)/Ag, the considerably enhanced open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current (JSC) can be harvested together, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is three times higher than that of the control cell with conventional structure. The significant improvements of the inverted cell are mostly due to the broadened spectral absorption and high efficient multi-interface exciton dissociation in the cascade multiple heterojunctions, indicating that the optimized cascade heterojunctions match the inverted structure well.
Sinonasal inverted papilloma: From diagnosis to treatment.
Lisan, Q; Laccourreye, O; Bonfils, P
2016-11-01
Inverted papilloma is a rare sinonasal tumor that mainly occurs in adults during the 5th decade. Three characteristics make this tumor very different from other sinonasal tumors: a relatively strong potential for local destruction, high rate of recurrence, and a risk of carcinomatous evolution. Etiology remains little understood, but an association with human papilloma virus has been reported in up to 40% of cases, raising the suspicions of implication in the pathogenesis of inverted papilloma. Treatment of choice is surgery, by endonasal endoscopic or external approach, depending on extension and tumoral characteristics. Follow-up is critical, to diagnose local relapse, which is often early but may also be late. The seriousness of this pathology lies in its association with carcinoma, which may be diagnosed at the outset or at recurrence during follow-up. It is important to diagnose recurrence to enable early treatment, especially in case of associated carcinoma or malignancy. A comprehensive review of the international literature was performed on PubMed and Embase, using the following search-terms: "sinonasal" [All Fields] AND ("papilloma, inverted" [MeSH Terms] OR ("papilloma" [All Fields] AND "inverted" [All Fields]) OR "inverted papilloma" [All Fields] OR ("inverted" [All Fields] AND "papilloma" [All Fields])). We reviewed all articles referring to sinonasal inverted papilloma published up to January 2015. The present article updates the state of knowledge regarding sinonasal inverted papilloma. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
The Carla Survey: Insights From The Densest Carla Structures At 1.4 < Z < 2.8.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Noirot, Gaël; Stern, Daniel; Wylezalek, Dominika; Cooke, Elizabeth A.; Mei, Simona; De Breuck, Carlos; Vernet, Joël; Brodwin, Mark; Eisenhardt, Peter; Galametz, Audrey; Gonzalez, Anthony H.; Hatch, Nina A.; Jarvis, Matt; Rettura, Alessandro; Seymour, Nick; Stanford, S. A.
2017-06-01
Radio-loud AGN (RLAGN) tend to reside in the most massive dark matter halos, and have a long history of being used to efficiently identify rich high-z structures (i.e., clusters and protoclusters). Our team contributed to this effort with a targeted 400hr Spitzer program surveying 420 RLAGN (radio-loud quasars and high-z radio galaxies) at z=1.3-3.2 across the full sky: Clusters Around RLAGN (CARLA; Wylezalek+2013,2014). The CARLA Survey identified 200 cluster candidates at z=1.3-3.2 as 2-8σ overdensities of red color-selected Spitzer/IRAC galaxies around the targeted powerful RLAGN. We present results from our follow-up 40-orbit HST program on the 20 densest CARLA cluster candidates at z=1.4-2.8 (Noirot+2016,2017). We spectroscopically confirm 16/20 distant structures associated with the RLAGN, up to z=2.8. For the first time at these redshifts, we statistically investigate the star-formation content of a large sample of galaxies in dense structures. We show that >10^(10) M⊙ cluster galaxies form significantly fewer stars than their field star-forming counterparts at all redshifts within 1.4 ≤ z ≤ 2. This survey represents a unique and large homogenous sample of spectroscopically confirmed clusters at high redshifts, ideal to investigate quenching mechanisms in dense environments.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Schenker, Matthew A.; Ellis, Richard S.; Robertson, Brant E.
2012-01-10
Using deep Keck spectroscopy of Lyman break galaxies selected from infrared imaging data taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we present new evidence for a reversal in the redshift-dependent fraction of star-forming galaxies with detectable Lyman alpha (Ly{alpha}) emission in the redshift range 6.3 < z < 8.8. Our earlier surveys with the DEIMOS spectrograph demonstrated a significant increase with redshift in the fraction of line emitting galaxies over the interval 4 < z < 6, particularly for intrinsically faint systems which dominate the luminosity density. Using the longer wavelength sensitivities of Lowmore » Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and NIRSPEC, we have targeted 19 Lyman break galaxies selected using recent WFC3/IR data whose photometric redshifts are in the range 6.3 < z < 8.8 and which span a wide range of intrinsic luminosities. Our spectroscopic exposures typically reach a 5{sigma} sensitivity of <50 A for the rest-frame equivalent width (EW) of Ly{alpha} emission. Despite the high fraction of emitters seen only a few hundred million years later, we find only two convincing and one possible line emitter in our more distant sample. Combining with published data on a further seven sources obtained using FORS2 on the ESO Very Large Telescope, and assuming continuity in the trends found at lower redshift, we discuss the significance of this apparent reversal in the redshift-dependent Ly{alpha} fraction in the context of our range in continuum luminosity. Assuming all the targeted sources are at their photometric redshift and our assumptions about the Ly{alpha} EW distribution are correct, we would expect to find so few emitters in less than 1% of the realizations drawn from our lower redshift samples. Our new results provide further support for the suggestion that, at the redshifts now being probed spectroscopically, we are entering the era where the intergalactic medium is partially neutral. With the arrival of more
System and method for single-phase, single-stage grid-interactive inverter
Liu, Liming; Li, Hui
2015-09-01
The present invention provides for the integration of distributed renewable energy sources/storages utilizing a cascaded DC-AC inverter, thereby eliminating the need for a DC-DC converter. The ability to segment the energy sources and energy storages improves the maintenance capability and system reliability of the distributed generation system, as well as achieve wide range reactive power compensation. In the absence of a DC-DC converter, single stage energy conversion can be achieved to enhance energy conversion efficiency.
Mathematical model for the dc-ac inverter for the Space Shuttle
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Berry, Frederick C.
1987-01-01
The reader is informed of what was done for the mathematical modeling of the dc-ac inverter for the Space Shuttle. The mathematical modeling of the dc-ac inverter is an essential element in the modeling of the electrical power distribution system of the Space Shuttle. The electrical power distribution system which is present on the Space Shuttle is made up to 3 strings each having a fuel cell which provides dc to those systems which require dc, and the inverters which convert the dc to ac for those elements which require ac. The inverters are units which are 2 wire structures for the main dc inputs and 2 wire structures for the ac output. When 3 are connected together a 4 wire wye connection results on the ac side. The method of modeling is performed by using a Least Squares curve fitting method. A computer program is presented for implementation of the model along with graphs and tables to demonstrate the accuracy of the model.
Chapter 11.2: Inverters, Power Optimizers, and Microinverters
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Deline, Christopher A
Inverters span a wide range of sizes, topologies, and connection voltages: from utility-scale megawatt inverters to string inverters. Switch-mode power conversion relies on high frequency chopping of DC signal to periodically charge and discharge energy storage elements, such as inductors and capacitors. Additional circuit components are required to address practical issues in inverters such as voltage ripple and harmonic distortion. Inverters are beginning to incorporate components with a bandgap above should be 3 eV, such as SiC and GaN. Photovoltaic (PV) modules respond dynamically to changing temperature and irradiation conditions. Thus, maximum DC power extraction requires periodic adjustment of themore » PV voltage and current operating point. An inverter's total efficiency is measured by the product of its conversion efficiency and the maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) efficiency. This chapter lists the primary functions of inverters that include auxiliary capabilities, such as monitoring of DC and AC performance, and other error reporting.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Siemiginowska, Aneta; /Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Cheung, C.C.
2006-01-11
We report the first significant detection of an X-ray cluster associated with a powerful (L{sub bol} {approx} 10{sup 47} erg sec{sup -1}) radio-loud quasar at high redshift (z=1.06). Diffuse X-ray emission is detected out to {approx} 120 kpc from the CSS quasar 3C 186. A strong Fe-line emission at the z{sub rest} = 1.06 confirms its thermal nature. We find that the CSS radio source is highly overpressured with respect to the thermal cluster medium by 2-3 orders of magnitude. This provides direct observational evidence that the radio source is not thermally confined as posited in the ''frustrated'' scenario formore » CSS sources. Instead, the radio source may be young and at an early stage of its evolution. This source provides the first detection of the AGN in outburst in the center of a cooling flow cluster. Powerful radio sources are thought to be triggered by the cooling flows. The evidence for the AGN activity and intermittent outbursts comes from the X-ray morphology of low redshift clusters, which usually do not harbour quasars. 3C186 is a young active radio source which can supply the energy into the cluster and potentially prevent its cooling. We discuss energetics related to the quasar activity and the cluster cooling flow, and possible feedback between the evolving radio source and the cluster.« less
Cryogenic temperature dependence of the voltage transfer characteristics of CMOS inverters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Deen, M. J.
1988-08-01
The voltage transfer characteristics of CMOS inverters have been studied in detail as a function of temperature between 77 and 300 K and supply voltages between 2 and 20 V. The logic levels, maximum gain, unity gain points, noise margins and other parameters, such as ( VH - VL), all showed a marked improvement as the temperature was lowered. In particular, for one inverter with a supply of 5 V, the maximum gain increased from 57 to 105, ( VIH - VIL) decreased from 0.50 to 0.28 V and ( VH - VL) increased from 4.46 to 4.75 V on decreasing the temperature from 300 to 77 K. For all the inverters, these and other parameters showed a smooth monotonic improvement as the temperature was lowered. These and the other results obtained can be qualitatively explained as due to an increase in the absolute values in the threshold voltages of the PMOS and NMOS transistors and to an increase in the carrier mobility as the temperature was lowered.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Ethyl-2E,4Z-decadienoate (Pear Ester... RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1323 Ethyl-2E,4Z-decadienoate (Pear Ester); exemption... for residues of the biochemical pesticide, ethyl-2E,4Z-decadienoate (pear ester), in or on all food...
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Muzzin, Adam; Labbe, Ivo; Franx, Marijn
2012-12-20
We report the discovery of a massive ultracompact quiescent galaxy that has been strongly lensed into multiple images by a foreground galaxy at z 0.960. This system was serendipitously discovered as a set of extremely K{sub s} -bright high-redshift galaxies with red J - K{sub s} colors using new data from the UltraVISTA YJHK{sub s} near-infrared survey. The system was also previously identified as an optically faint lens/source system using the COSMOS Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging by Faure et al. Photometric redshifts for the three brightest images of the source galaxy determined from 27-band photometry place the sourcemore » at z = 2.4 {+-} 0.1. We provide an updated lens model for the system that is a good fit to the positions and morphologies of the galaxies in the ACS image. The lens model implies that the magnification of the three brightest images is a factor of 4-5. We use the lens model, combined with the K{sub s} -band image, to constrain the size and Sersic profile of the galaxy. The best-fit model is an ultracompact galaxy (R{sub e} = 0.64{sup +0.08}{sub -0.18} kpc, lensing-corrected), with a Sersic profile that is intermediate between a disk and a bulge profile (n 2.2{sup +2.3}{sub -{sub 0.9}}), albeit with considerable uncertainties on the Sersic profile. We present aperture photometry for the source galaxy images that have been corrected for flux contamination from the central lens. The best-fit stellar population model is a massive galaxy (log(M{sub star}/M{sub Sun }) = 10.8{sup +0.1}{sub -0.1}, lensing-corrected) with an age of 1.0{sup +1.0}{sub -0.4} Gyr, moderate dust extinction (A{sub v} = 0.8{sup +0.5}{sub -0.6}), and a low specific star formation rate (log(SSFR) <-11.0 yr{sup -1}). This is typical of massive ''red-and-dead'' galaxies at this redshift and confirms that this source is the first bona fide strongly lensed massive ultracompact quiescent galaxy to be discovered. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects of finding
Kurokawa, Yusaku I; Nakao, Yoshihide; Sakaki, Shigeyoshi
2012-03-08
Inverted sandwich type complexes (ISTCs) of 4d metals, (μ-η(6):η(6)-C(6)H(6))[M(DDP)](2) (DDPH = 2-{(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amino}-4-{(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino}pent-2-ene; M = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Tc), were investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and MRMP2 methods, where a model ligand AIP (AIPH = (Z)-1-amino-3-imino-prop-1-ene) was mainly employed. When going to Nb (group V) from Y (group III) in the periodic table, the spin multiplicity of the ground state increases in the order singlet, triplet, and quintet for M = Y, Zr, and Nb, respectively, like 3d ISTCs reported recently. This is interpreted with orbital diagram and number of d electrons. However, the spin multiplicity decreases to either singlet or triplet in ISTC of Mo (group VI) and to triplet in ISTC of Tc (group VII), where MRMP2 method is employed because the DFT method is not useful here. These spin multiplicities are much lower than the septet of ISTC of Cr and the nonet of that of Mn. When going from 3d to 4d, the position providing the maximum spin multiplicity shifts to group V from group VII. These differences arise from the size of the 4d orbital. Because of the larger size of the 4d orbital, the energy splitting between two d(δ) orbitals of M(AIP) and that between the d(δ) and d(π) orbitals are larger in the 4d complex than in the 3d complex. Thus, when occupation on the d(δ) orbital starts, the low spin state becomes ground state, which occurs at group VI. Hence, the ISTC of Nb (group V) exhibits the maximum spin multiplicity.
Nimchuk, Zachary L.; Perdue, Tony D.
2017-01-01
Live imaging of above ground meristems can lead to new insights in plant development not possible from static imaging of fixed tissue. The use of an upright confocal microscope offers several technical and biological advantages for live imaging floral or shoot meristems. However, many departments and core facilities possess only inverted confocal microscopes and lack the funding for an additional upright confocal microscope. Here we show that imaging of living apical meristems can be performed on existing inverted confocal microscopes with the use of an affordable and detachable InverterScope accessory. PMID:28579995
Nimchuk, Zachary L; Perdue, Tony D
2017-01-01
Live imaging of above ground meristems can lead to new insights in plant development not possible from static imaging of fixed tissue. The use of an upright confocal microscope offers several technical and biological advantages for live imaging floral or shoot meristems. However, many departments and core facilities possess only inverted confocal microscopes and lack the funding for an additional upright confocal microscope. Here we show that imaging of living apical meristems can be performed on existing inverted confocal microscopes with the use of an affordable and detachable InverterScope accessory.
DC-to-AC inverter ratio failure detector
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ebersole, T. J.; Andrews, R. E.
1975-01-01
Failure detection technique is based upon input-output ratios, which is independent of inverter loading. Since inverter has fixed relationship between V-in/V-out and I-in/I-out, failure detection criteria are based on this ratio, which is simply inverter transformer turns ratio, K, equal to primary turns divided by secondary turns.
The cathepsin B inhibitor, z-FA-CMK is toxic and readily induced cell death in human T lymphocytes
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Liow, K.Y.; Chow, S.C., E-mail: chow.sek.chuen@monash.edu
The cathepsin B inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-chloromethylketone (z-FA-CMK) was found to be toxic and readily induced cell death in the human T cell line, Jurkat, whereas two other analogs benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-fluoromethylketone (z-FA-FMK) and benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-diazomethylketone (z-FA-DMK) were not toxic. The toxicity of z-FA-CMK requires not only the CMK group, but also the presence of alanine in the P1 position and the benzyloxycarbonyl group at the N-terminal. Dose–response studies showed that lower concentrations of z-FA-CMK induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells whereas higher concentrations induced necrosis. In z-FA-CMK-induced apoptosis, both initiator caspases (-8 and -9) and effector caspases (-3, -6 and -7) were processed tomore » their respective subunits in Jurkat T cells. However, only the pro-form of the initiator caspases were reduced in z-FA-CMK-induced necrosis and no respective subunits were apparent. The caspase inihibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-valine-alanine-aspartic acid-(O-methyl)-fluoromehylketone (z-VAD-FMK) inhibits apoptosis and caspase processing in Jurkat T cells treated with low concentration of z-FA-CMK but has no effect on z-FA-CMK-induced necrosis and the loss of initiator caspases. This suggests that the loss of initiator caspases in Jurkat T cells during z-FA-CMK-induced necrosis is not a caspase-dependent process. Taken together, we have demonstrated that z-FA-CMK is toxic to Jurkat T cells and induces apoptosis at low concentrations, while at higher concentrations the cells die of necrosis. - Highlights: • z-FA-CMK is toxic and induce cell death in the human T cells. • z-FA-CMK toxicity requires the CMK group, alanine and the benzyloxycarbonyl group. • z-FA-CMK induced apoptosis at low concentration and necrosis at high concentration.« less
Welchko, Brian A [Torrance, CA
2012-02-14
Systems and methods are provided for pulse-width modulated control of power inverter using phase-shifted carrier signals. An electrical system comprises an energy source and a motor. The motor has a first set of windings and a second set of windings, which are electrically isolated from each other. An inverter module is coupled between the energy source and the motor and comprises a first set of phase legs coupled to the first set of windings and a second set of phase legs coupled to the second set of windings. A controller is coupled to the inverter module and is configured to achieve a desired power flow between the energy source and the motor by modulating the first set of phase legs using a first carrier signal and modulating the second set of phase legs using a second carrier signal. The second carrier signal is phase-shifted relative to the first carrier signal.
Observation of Z decays to four leptons with the CMS detector at the LHC
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.
The first observation of the Z boson decaying to four leptons in proton-proton collisions is presented. The analyzed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.02 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A pronounced resonance peak, with a statistical significance of 9.7 sigma, is observed in the distribution of the invariant mass of four leptons (electrons and/or muons) with mass and width consistent with expectations for Z boson decays. The branching fraction and cross section reported here are defined by phase space restrictions on the leptons, namely, 80more » < m[4l] < 100 GeV, where m[4l] is the invariant mass of the four leptons, and m[ll] > 4 GeV for all pairs of leptons, where m[ll] is the two-lepton invariant mass. The measured branching fraction is B(Z to 4l) = (4.2 /+0.9/-0.8 (stat.) +/- 0.2 (syst.)) 10E-6 and agrees with the standard model prediction of 4.45 10E-6. The measured cross section times branching fraction is sigma(pp to Z) B(Z to 4 l) = 112 +23/-20 (stat.) +7/-5 (syst.) +3/-2 (lumi.) fb, also consistent with the standard model prediction of 120 fb. The four-lepton mass peak arising from Z to 4 l decays provides a calibration channel for the Higgs boson search in the H to ZZ to 4 l decay mode.« less
The Complete Z-diagram of LMC X-2
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
White, Nicholas E. (Technical Monitor); Smale, A. P.; Homan, J.; Kuulkers, E.
2003-01-01
We present results from four Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the bright low mass X-ray binary LMC X-2. During these observations, which span a year and include over 160 hrs of data, the source exhibits clear evolution through three branches on its hardness-intensity and color-color diagrams, consistent with the flaring, normal, and horizontal branches (FB, NB, HB) of a Z-source, and remarkably similar to Z-tracks derived for GX 17+2, Sco X-1 and GX 349+2. LMC X-2 was observed in the FB, NB, and HB for roughly 30%, 40%, and 30% respectively of the total time covered. The source traces out the full extent of the Z in approximately 1 day, and the Z-track shows evidence for secular shifts on a timescale in excess of a few days. Although the count rate of LMC X-2 is low compared with the other known 2-sources due to its greater distance, the power density spectra selected by branch show very-low-frequency noise characteristics at least consistent with those from other Z-sources. We thus confirm the identification of LMC X-2 as a Z-source, the first identified outside our Galaxy.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Xie, Mingyuan; Zhang, Tailiang
2018-04-01
Ag3PO4 can-not be widely used as an efficient photocatalyst in practical applications because of its susceptibility to photocorrosion. In this study, a novel, ternary Z-scheme photocatalytic system containing graphene oxide (GO), Ag3PO4 and SnS2 was fabricated by a one-pot, mild, in-situ precipitation method successfully. Using Rhodamine B (RhB) as the target of elimination, GO/Ag3PO4/SnS2 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic and anti-photocorrosion properties compared with those of Ag3PO4, Ag3PO4/SnS2 and GO/Ag3PO4. RhB was thoroughly degraded over the optimized GO/Ag3PO4/SnS2 nanocomposite after only 15 min under visible-light irradiation; this result is approximately 2.14, 3.33 and 5.83 times faster than that of GO/Ag3PO4, Ag3PO4/SnS2 and Ag3PO4, respectively. After three reuses, the photocatalytic activity of the ternary composite slightly decreased but remained 2.36, 4.08 and 12.70 times higher than those of the reused GO/Ag3PO4, Ag3PO4/SnS2 and Ag3PO4, respectively. In this system, the efficient separation and migration of the photoinduced current carriers in Ag3PO4 was realized through a double Z-scheme electron-transfer mechanism in which the GO nanosheets acted as the photocatalyst and electron mediator, thereby enhancing the photoactivity and stability of Ag3PO4. The present study provides a new perspective for enhancing photocatalytic and anti-photocorrosion performances in perishable photocatalysts for organic sewage and other environmental contamination treatments.
Gauge B-L model with residual Z 3 symmetry
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ma, Ernest; Pollard, Nicholas; Srivastava, Rahul
We study a gauge B–L extension of the standard model of quarks and leptons with unconventional charges for the singlet right-handed neutrinos, and extra singlet scalars, such that a residual Z 3 symmetry remains after the spontaneous breaking of B–L. The phenomenological consequences of this scenario, including the possibility of long-lived self-interacting dark matter and Z' collider signatures is discussed. Lepton number L is a familiar concept. It is usually defined as a global U (1) symmetry, under which the leptons of the standard model (SM), i.e. e,μ,τ together with their neutrinos ν e,ν μ,ν τ have L=1, and allmore » other SM particles have L=0. In the case of nonzero Majorana neutrino masses, this continuous symmetry is broken to a discrete Z 2 symmetry, i.e. (-1) L or lepton parity. In this paper, we consider a gauge B–L extension of the SM, such that a residual Z 3 symmetry remains after the spontaneous breaking of B–L. This is then a realization of the unusual notion of Z 3 lepton symmetry. It has specific phenomenological consequences, including the possibility of a long-lived particle as a dark-matter candidate.« less
Gauge B-L model with residual Z 3 symmetry
Ma, Ernest; Pollard, Nicholas; Srivastava, Rahul; ...
2016-09-07
We study a gauge B–L extension of the standard model of quarks and leptons with unconventional charges for the singlet right-handed neutrinos, and extra singlet scalars, such that a residual Z 3 symmetry remains after the spontaneous breaking of B–L. The phenomenological consequences of this scenario, including the possibility of long-lived self-interacting dark matter and Z' collider signatures is discussed. Lepton number L is a familiar concept. It is usually defined as a global U (1) symmetry, under which the leptons of the standard model (SM), i.e. e,μ,τ together with their neutrinos ν e,ν μ,ν τ have L=1, and allmore » other SM particles have L=0. In the case of nonzero Majorana neutrino masses, this continuous symmetry is broken to a discrete Z 2 symmetry, i.e. (-1) L or lepton parity. In this paper, we consider a gauge B–L extension of the SM, such that a residual Z 3 symmetry remains after the spontaneous breaking of B–L. This is then a realization of the unusual notion of Z 3 lepton symmetry. It has specific phenomenological consequences, including the possibility of a long-lived particle as a dark-matter candidate.« less
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. henselae in dogs.
Müller, A; Soto, F; Sepúlveda, M; Bittencourt, P; Benevenute, J L; Ikeda, P; Machado, R Z; André, M R
2018-05-06
This study aimed to molecularly survey Bartonella in dogs from Chile. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for Bartonella spp. based on nuoG gene was performed in 139 blood samples taken from dogs belonging to rural localities of the Valdivia Province, Los Ríos region, southern Chile. nuoG qPCR-positive samples were submitted to conventional PCR assays for ftsZ, gltA, rpoB and nuoG genes and sequencing for speciation and phylogenetic analysis. Based upon qPCR results, Bartonella spp. occurrence in dogs was 4.3% (6/139). Out of six nuoG qPCR-positive samples, six, three, two and none showed positive results in cPCR assays based on gltA, ftsZ, rpoB and nuoG genes, respectively. Consistent sequencing results were obtained only for the ftsZ gene from sample #1532 (GeneBank accession number: MG252491), and gltA gene from samples #1535 (MG252490) and #1532 (148 bp fragment that was not deposited in GenBank). Phylogenetic analysis of ftsZ and gltA genes allowed speciation of two nuoG-positive samples, one as Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and the other as B. henselae. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. henselae are detected for the first time in dogs from Chile, highlighting the importance of the canine population as a source of zoonotic agents and potential infection risk to humans.
Tan, Qian; Awano, Naoki; Inouye, Masayori
2011-01-01
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of free-living bacteria have recently demonstrated that these toxins inhibit cell growth by targeting essential functions of cellular metabolism. Here we show that YeeV toxin inhibits cell division, leads to a change in morphology and lysis of Escherichia coli cells. YeeV interacts with two essential cytoskeleton proteins, FtsZ and MreB. Purified YeeV inhibits both the GTPase activity and the GTP-dependent polymerization of FtsZ. YeeV also inhibits ATP-dependent polymerization of MreB. Truncated C-terminal deletions of YeeV result in elongation of cells, and a deletion of the first 15 amino acids from the N-terminus of YeeV caused lemon-shaped cell formation. The YeeV toxin is distinct from other well-studied toxins: it directs the binding of two cytoskeletal proteins and inhibits FtsZ and MreB simultaneously. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Halo abundance and assembly history with extreme-axion wave dark matter at z ≥ 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schive, Hsi-Yu; Chiueh, Tzihong
2018-01-01
Wave dark matter (ψDM) composed of extremely light bosons (mψ ˜ 10 - 22 eV), with quantum pressure suppressing structures below a kpc-scale de Broglie wavelength, has become a viable dark matter candidate. Compared to the conventional free-particle ψDM (FPψDM), the extreme-axion ψDM model (EAψDM) proposed by Zhang & Chiueh features a larger cut-off wavenumber and a broad spectral bump in the matter transfer function. Here, we conduct cosmological simulations to compare the halo abundances and assembly histories at z = 4-11 between three different scenarios: FPψDM, EAψDM and cold dark matter (CDM). We show that EAψDM produces significantly more abundant low-mass haloes than FPψDM with the same mψ, and therefore could alleviate the tension in mψ required by the Lyα forest data and by the kpc-scale dwarf galaxy cores. We also find that, compared to the CDM counterparts, massive EAψDM haloes are, on average, 3-4 times more massive at z = 10-11 due to their earlier formation, undergo a slower mass accretion at 7 ≲ z ≲ 11, and then show a rapidly rising major merger rate exceeding CDM by ˜ 50 per cent at 4 ≲ z ≲ 7. This fact suggests that EAψDM haloes may exhibit more prominent starbursts at z ≲ 7.
Analysis of angular observables of Λ_b \\to Λ (\\to pπ)μ+μ- decay in the standard and Z^' models
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nasrullah, Aqsa; Jamil Aslam, M.; Shafaq, Saba
2018-04-01
In 2015, the LHCb collaboration measured the differential branching ratio d{B}/dq^2, the lepton- and hadron-side forward-backward asymmetries, denoted by A^ℓ_FB and A^{Λ}_FB, respectively, in the range 15 < q^2(=s) < 20 GeV^2 with 3 fb^{-1} of data. Motivated by these measurements, we perform an analysis of q^2-dependent Λ_b \\to Λ (\\to p π ) μ^+μ^- angular observables at large- and low- recoil in the standard model (SM) and in a family non-universal Z^' model. The exclusive Λb\\to Λ transition is governed by the form factors, and in the present study we use the recently performed high-precision lattice QCD calculations that have well-controlled uncertainties, especially in the 15 < s < 20 GeV^2 bin. Using the full four-folded angular distribution of Λ_b \\to Λ (\\to p π ) μ^+μ^- decay, first of all we focus on calculations of the experimentally measured d{B}/ds, A^ℓ_FB, and A^{Λ}_FB in the SM and compare their numerical values with the measurements in appropriate bins of s. In case of a possible discrepancy between the SM prediction and the measurements, we try to see if these can be accommodated though the extra neutral Z^' boson. We find that in the dimuon momentum range 15 < s < 20 GeV^2 the value of d{B}/ds and central value of A^ℓ_FB in the Z^' model is compatible with the measured values. In addition, the fraction of longitudinal polarization of the dimuon FL was measured to be 0.61^{+0.11}_{-0.14}± 0.03 in 15 < s < 20 GeV^2 at the LHCb. We find that in this bin the value found in the Z^' model is close to the observed values. After comparing the results of these observables, we have proposed other observables such as {α}i and α^{(')}i with i =θ_{ℓ}, θ_{Λ}, φ,L, U and coefficients of different foldings P_{1, \\ldots, 9} in different bins of s in the SM and Z^' model. We illustrate that the experimental observations of the s-dependent angular observables calculated here in several bins of s can help to test the predictions of the
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Karplus, M. S.; Kaip, G.; Harder, S. H.; Johnson, K.
2016-12-01
In October 2015, the Advanced Exploration Seismology class at the University of Texas at El Paso together with additional volunteers acquired a 500-m active-source seismic profile across an andesite dike adjacent to the Rio Grande River near Sunland Park, New Mexico. Receivers included 100 RT-125 Reftek Texans with 4.5-Hz geophones, spaced every 5 m, and 47 Fairfield Z-Land nodes incorporating 5-Hz 3C geophones, spaced approximately every 10 m. A 8-gauge, 400 grain seismic gun source was fired every 5-10 m along most of the profile. Several locations at the ends of the profile experienced multiple gun shots, which have been stacked to increase signal-to-noise. We discuss similarities and differences in field methods and data acquired using the Texans compared to the nodes for a shallow active-source experiment. We extend the discussion to other types of active-source experiments using other recently-acquired nodal datasets. We observe changes in velocity between the andesite dike and surrounding lithologies, and create a seismic reflection image of the andesite dike.
NREL Evaluates Advanced Solar Inverter Performance for Hawaiian Electric
Companies | Energy Systems Integration Facility | NREL NREL Evaluates Advanced Solar Inverter Performance for Hawaiian Electric Companies NREL Evaluates Advanced Solar Inverter Performance for Hawaiian performance and impacts of today's advanced solar inverters, as well as proprietary feedback to the inverter
Stellar Populations and Physical Conditions at 100 pc Resolution in a Lensed Galaxy at z 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Berg, Danielle
2015-10-01
Large surveys of star-forming galaxies at high redshift (z > 1.5) have provided us with a broad understanding of how galaxies assemble and evolve, but the spatial and spectral limitations inherent in observing faint, distant objects mean that many of the physical processes regulating this dynamic evolution are poorly constrained. Much of our most detailed knowledge of the physical conditions in distant galaxies comes from careful studies of gravitationally lensed sources, few of which are at z>3.5. FOR J0332-3557 is a gravitationally lensed galaxy at z 4 for which we and other groups have obtained a total of 37.3 hours of VLT spectroscopy. The rest-frame UV spectrum is notable for its unusual combination of both strong emission lines in the rest-frame UV and strong Lya and interstellar absorption, and for the unusual spatial variation seen in the nebular emission lines, which are less extended than the underlying stellar continuum. We propose high spatial resolution imaging of FOR J0332-3557 with four broadband filters on WFC3, taking advantage of both the HST resolution and the lensing magnification to study star formation and extinction on 100 pc scales. Because the interpretation of our unusual rest-frame UV and optical spectra requires an accurate reddening estimate, combining these observations with ground-based spectroscopy will give the most complete picture to date of chemical evolution in a distant galaxy.
Analysis and performance of paralleling circuits for modular inverter-converter systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Birchenough, A. G.; Gourash, F.
1972-01-01
As part of a modular inverter-converter development program, control techniques were developed to provide load sharing among paralleled inverters or converters. An analysis of the requirements of paralleling circuits and a discussion of the circuits developed and their performance are included in this report. The current sharing was within 5.6 percent of rated-load current for the ac modules and 7.4 percent for the dc modules for an initial output voltage unbalance of 5 volts.
Inverted organic photovoltaic device with a new electron transport layer
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Hyeong Pil; Yusoff, Abd Rashid bin Mohd; Kim, Hyo Min; Lee, Hee Jae; Seo, Gi Jun; Jang, Jin
2014-03-01
We demonstrate that there is a new solution-processed electron transport layer, lithium-doped zinc oxide (LZO), with high-performance inverted organic photovoltaic device. The device exhibits a fill factor of 68.58%, an open circuit voltage of 0.86 V, a short-circuit current density of -9.35 cm/mA2 along with 5.49% power conversion efficiency. In addition, we studied the performance of blend ratio dependence on inverted organic photovoltaics. Our device also demonstrates a long stability shelf life over 4 weeks in air.
Z boson production in association with heavy quark jets at D0
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Joseph Anthony Zennamo, III
2013-10-28
The dominant background in searches for a Higgs boson decaying into b-quarks at the Tevatron is production of a Z boson in association with either b- or c-quark initiated jets (b or c jets). This thesis describes the first measurements of the ratio of differential cross sections σ (Z + b jet)/ σ(Z + jet), and the first measurements of the ratio of cross sections σ (Z + c jet)/ σ(Z + jet) and σ (Z + c jet)/ σ(Z + b jet). These measurements are performed using the full D0 Run II data set corresponding to an integrated luminositymore » of 9.7 fb -1. The ratio of differential cross sections σ(Z + b jet)/σ (Z + jet) have been measured as a function of jet and Z boson p T , jet η , and Δφ(Z, jet). The Z+c jet ratios of differential cross sections are measured as a function of jet and Z boson p T .« less
A HIGHLY ELONGATED PROMINENT LENS AT z = 0.87: FIRST STRONG-LENSING ANALYSIS OF EL GORDO
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zitrin, Adi; Menanteau, Felipe; Hughes, John P.
We present the first strong-lensing (SL) analysis of the galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 (El Gordo), in recent HST/ACS images, revealing a prominent strong lens at a redshift of z = 0.87. This finding adds to the already-established unique properties of El Gordo: it is the most massive, hot, X-ray luminous, and bright Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect cluster at z {approx}> 0.6, and the only {sup b}ullet{sup -}like merging cluster known at these redshifts. The lens consists of two merging massive clumps, where, for a source redshift of z{sub s} {approx} 2, each clump exhibits only a small, separate critical area, with amore » total area of 0.69 {+-} 0.11{open_square}' over the two clumps. For a higher source redshift, z{sub s} {approx} 4, the critical curves of the two clumps merge together into one bigger and very elongated lens (axis ratio {approx_equal} 5.5), enclosing an effective area of 1.44 {+-} 0.22{open_square}'. The critical curves continue expanding with increasing redshift so that for high-redshift sources (z{sub s} {approx}> 9) they enclose an area of {approx}1.91 {+-} 0.30{open_square}' (effective {theta}{sub e} {approx_equal} 46.''8 {+-} 3.''7) and a mass of 6.09 {+-} 1.04 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 14} M{sub Sun }. According to our model, the area of high magnification ({mu} > 10) for such high-redshift sources is {approx_equal}1.2{open_square}', and the area with {mu} > 5 is {approx_equal}2.3{open_square}', making El Gordo a compelling target for studying the high-redshift universe. We obtain a strong lower limit on the total mass of El Gordo, {approx}> 1.7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 15} M{sub Sun} from the SL regime alone, suggesting a total mass of roughly M{sub 200} {approx} 2.3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 15} M{sub Sun }. Our results should be revisited when additional spectroscopic and HST imaging data are available.« less
Switching Characteristics of Ferroelectric Transistor Inverters
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Laws, Crystal; Mitchell, Coey; MacLeod, Todd C.; Ho, Fat D.
2010-01-01
This paper presents the switching characteristics of an inverter circuit using a ferroelectric field effect transistor, FeFET. The propagation delay time characteristics, phl and plh are presented along with the output voltage rise and fall times, rise and fall. The propagation delay is the time-delay between the V50% transitions of the input and output voltages. The rise and fall times are the times required for the output voltages to transition between the voltage levels V10% and V90%. Comparisons are made between the MOSFET inverter and the ferroelectric transistor inverter.
Crystal structure and phase transformations of calcium yttrium orthophosphate, Ca 3Y(PO 4) 3
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fukuda, Koichiro; Iwata, Tomoyuki; Niwa, Takahiro
2006-11-01
Crystal structure and phase transformations of calcium yttrium orthophosphate Ca 3Y(PO 4) 3 were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, selected-area electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The high-temperature phase is isostructural with eulytite, cubic (space group I4¯3d) with a=0.983320(5) nm, V=0.950790(8) nm 3, Z=4 and D x=3.45 Mg m -3. The crystal structure was refined with a split-atom model, in which the oxygen atoms are distributed over two partially occupied sites. Below the stable temperature range of eulytite, the crystal underwent a martensitic transformation, which is accompanied by the formation of platelike surface reliefs. The inverted crystal is triclinic (space group P1) with a=1.5726(1) nm, b=0.84267(9) nm, c=0.81244(8) nm, α=109.739(4)°, β=90.119(5)°, γ=89.908(7)°, V=1.0134(1) nm 3, Z=4 and D x=3.24 Mg m -3. The crystal grains were composed of pseudo-merohedral twins. The adjacent twin domains were related by the pseudo-symmetry mirror planes parallel to {101¯} with the composition surface {101¯}. When the eulytite was cooled relatively slowly from the stable temperature range, the decomposition reaction of Ca 3Y(PO 4) 3→ β-Ca 3(PO 4) 2+YPO 4 occurred.
Vitamin B12-Containing Plant Food Sources for Vegetarians
Watanabe, Fumio; Yabuta, Yukinori; Bito, Tomohiro; Teng, Fei
2014-01-01
The usual dietary sources of Vitamin B12 are animal-derived foods, although a few plant-based foods contain substantial amounts of Vitamin B12. To prevent Vitamin B12 deficiency in high-risk populations such as vegetarians, it is necessary to identify plant-derived foods that contain high levels of Vitamin B12. A survey of naturally occurring plant-derived food sources with high Vitamin B12 contents suggested that dried purple laver (nori) is the most suitable Vitamin B12 source presently available for vegetarians. Furthermore, dried purple laver also contains high levels of other nutrients that are lacking in vegetarian diets, such as iron and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dried purple laver is a natural plant product and it is suitable for most people in various vegetarian groups. PMID:24803097
Starns, Jeffrey J.; Pazzaglia, Angela M.; Rotello, Caren M.; Hautus, Michael J.; Macmillan, Neil A.
2014-01-01
Source memory zROC slopes change from below 1 to above 1 depending on which source gets the strongest learning. This effect has been attributed to memory processes, either in terms of a threshold source recollection process or changes in the variability of continuous source evidence. We propose two decision mechanisms that can produce the slope effect, and we test them in three experiments. The evidence mixing account assumes that people change how they weight item versus source evidence based on which source is stronger, and the converging criteria account assumes that participants become more willing to make high confidence source responses for test probes that have higher item strength. Results failed to support the evidence mixing account, in that the slope effect emerged even when item evidence was not informative for the source judgment (that is, in tests that included strong and weak items from both sources). In contrast, results showed strong support for the converging criteria account. This account not only accommodated the unequal-strength slope effect, but also made a prediction for unstudied (new) items that was empirically confirmed: participants made more high confidence source responses for new items when they were more confident that the item was studied. The converging criteria account has an advantage over accounts based on source recollection or evidence variability, as the latter accounts do not predict the relationship between recognition and source confidence for new items. PMID:23565789
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Uesugi, Yoshihiko; Razzak, Mohammad A.; Kondo, Kenji; Kikuchi, Yusuke; Takamura, Shuichi; Imai, Takahiro; Toyoda, Mitsuhiro
The Rapid development of high power and high speed semiconductor switching devices has led to their various applications in related plasma fields. Especially, a high speed inverter power supply can be used as an RF power source instead of conventional linear amplifiers and a power supply to control the magnetic field in a fusion plasma device. In this paper, RF thermal plasma production and plasma heating experiments are described emphasis placed on using a static induction transistor inverter at a frequency range between 200 kHz and 2.5 MHz as an RF power supply. Efficient thermal plasma production is achieved experimentally by using a flexible and easily operated high power semiconductor inverter power supply. Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter power supplies driven by a high speed digital signal processor are applied as tokamak joule coil and vertical coil power supplies to control plasma current waveform and plasma equilibrium. Output characteristics, such as the arbitrary bipolar waveform generation of a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter using digital signal processor (DSP) can be successfully applied to tokamak power supplies for flexible plasma current operation and fast position control of a small tokamak.
Djafri, Ahmed; Chouaih, Abdelkader; Daran, Jean-Claude; Djafri, Ayada; Hamzaoui, Fodil
2017-04-01
In the title compound, C 24 H 19 N 3 O 5 S, the thia-zole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å) displays a planar geometry and is surrounded by three fragments, two meth-oxy-phenyl and one nitro-phenyl. The thia-zole ring is almost in the same plane as the nitro-phenyl ring, making a dihedral angle of 20.92 (6)°. The two meth-oxy-phenyl groups are perpendicular to the thia-zole ring [dihedral angles of 79.29 (6) and 71.31 (7)° and make a dihedral angle of 68.59 (7)°. The mol-ecule exists in an Z , Z conformation with respect to the C=N imine bond. In the crystal, a series of C-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, augmented by several π-π(ring) inter-actions, produce a three-dimensional architecture of mol-ecules stacked along the b -axis direction. The experimentally derived structure is compered with that calculated theoretically using DFT(B3YLP) methods.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education... WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Pt. 170, Subpt. B, App. B Appendix B to Subpart B—Sources of Tribal Transportation Training and Education...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McKellar, Bob; Billinghurst, Brant E.
2015-06-01
Thiophosgene (Cl_2CS) is a favorite model system for studies of photophysics, vibrational dynamics, and intersystem interactions. But at high resolution its infrared spectrum is very congested due to hot bands and multiple isotopic species. Previously, we reported the first high resolution IR study of this molecule, analyzing the νb{2} (504 wn) and νb{4} (471 wn) fundamental bands. Here we continue, with analysis of the νb{1} (1139 wn) and νb{5} (820 wn) fundamentals for the two most abundant isotopologues, 35Cl2CS and 35Cl37ClCS, based on spectra with a resolution of about 0.001 wn obtained at the Canadian Light Source far-infrared beamline using synchrotron radiation and a Bruker IFS125 Fourier transform spectrometer. The νb{2} + νb{4} (942 wn) and νb{2} + 2νb{6} (1104 wn) bands are also studied here. But so far the νb{2} + νb{6} combination band (795 wn) resists analysis, as do the weak νb{3} (292.9 wn) and νb{6} (≈300? wn) fundamentals. A.R.W. McKellar, B.E.Billinghurst, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 260, 66 (2010).
Mode tunable p-type Si nanowire transistor based zero drive load logic inverter.
Moon, Kyeong-Ju; Lee, Tae-Il; Lee, Sang-Hoon; Han, Young-Uk; Ham, Moon-Ho; Myoung, Jae-Min
2012-07-25
A design platform for a zero drive load logic inverter consisting of p-channel Si nanowire based transistors, which controlled their operating mode through an implantation into a gate dielectric layer was demonstrated. As a result, a nanowire based class D inverter having a 4.6 gain value at V(DD) of -20 V was successfully fabricated on a substrate.
Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...
2011-12-01
A measurement is presented of the inclusive cross-section for b-jet production in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV. The analysis uses the data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 36 pb –1. The event selection requires a Z boson decaying into high electrons or muons, and at least one b-jet, identified by its displaced vertex, with transverse momentum p T > 25GeVand rapidity |y| < 2.1. After subtraction of background processes, the yield is extracted from the vertex mass distribution ofmore » the candidate b-jets. Furthermore, the ratio of this cross-section to the inclusive Z cross-section (the average number of b-jets per Z event) is also measured. Both results are found to be in good agreement with perturbative QCD predictions at next-to-leading order.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nakajima, K.; Schaerer, D.; Le Fèvre, O.; Amorín, R.; Talia, M.; Lemaux, B. C.; Tasca, L. A. M.; Vanzella, E.; Zamorani, G.; Bardelli, S.; Grazian, A.; Guaita, L.; Hathi, N. P.; Pentericci, L.; Zucca, E.
2018-05-01
Context. Ultraviolet (UV) emission-line spectra are used to spectroscopically confirm high-z galaxies and increasingly also to determine their physical properties. Aims: We construct photoionization models to interpret the observed UV spectra of distant galaxies in terms of the dominant radiation field and the physical condition of the interstellar medium (ISM). These models are applied to new spectroscopic observations from the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS). Methods: We construct a large grid of photoionization models, which use several incident radiation fields (stellar populations, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), mix of stars and AGNs, blackbodies, and others), and cover a wide range of metallicities and ionization parameters. From these models we derive new spectral UV line diagnostics using equivalent widths (EWs) of [CIII]λ1909 doublet, CIVλ1549 doublet and the line ratios of [CIII], CIV, and He IIλ1640 recombination lines. We apply these diagnostics to a sample of 450 [CIII]-emitting galaxies at redshifts z = 2-4 previously identified in VUDS. Results: We demonstrate that our photoionization models successfully reproduce observations of nearby and high-redshift sources with known radiation field and/or metallicity. For star-forming galaxies our models predict that [CIII] EW peaks at sub-solar metallicities, whereas CIV EW peaks at even lower metallicity. Using the UV diagnostics, we show that the average star-forming galaxy (EW([CIII]) 2 Å) based on the composite of the 450 UV-selected galaxies' spectra The inferred metallicity and ionization parameter is typically Z = 0.3-0.5 Z⊙ and logU = -2.7 to - 3, in agreement with earlier works at similar redshifts. The models also indicate an average age of 50-200 Myr since the beginning of the current star-formation, and an ionizing photon production rate, ξion, of logξion/erg-1 Hz = 25.3-25.4. Among the sources with EW([CIII]) >= 10 Å, approximately 30% are likely dominated by AGNs. The metallicity derived
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Frye, R. J.; Birchenough, A. G.
1971-01-01
The design of a three-phase, 400-Hz, 15-kVA static inverter for motor-starting the 2- to 15-kWe Brayton electrical space power system is described. The inverter operates from a nominal 56-V dc source to provide a 28-V, rms, quasi-square-wave output. The inverter is capable of supplying a 200-A peak current. Integrated circuitry is used to generate the three-phase, 400-Hz reference signals. Performance data for a drive stage that improves switching speed and provides efficient operation over a range of output current and drive supply voltage are presented. A transformerless, transistor output stage is used.
Solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic complementary thin-film transistor inverter
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cheong, Heajeong; Kuribara, Kazunori; Ogura, Shintaro; Fukuda, Nobuko; Yoshida, Manabu; Ushijima, Hirobumi; Uemura, Sei
2016-04-01
We investigated hybrid organic-inorganic complementary inverters with a solution-processed indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) n-channel thin-film transistor (TFT) and p-channel TFTs using the high-uniformity polymer poly[2,5-bis(alkyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrolo-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-alt-5,5-di(thiophene-2-yl)-2,2-(E)-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophene] (PDVT-10). The IGZO TFT was fabricated at 150 °C for 1 min. It showed a high field-effect mobility of 0.9 cm2·V-1·s-1 and a high on/off current ratio of 107. A hybrid complementary inverter was fabricated by combining IGZO with a PDVT-10 thin-film transistor and its operation was confirmed.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vidor, Fábio F.; Meyers, Thorsten; Müller, Kathrin; Wirth, Gilson I.; Hilleringmann, Ulrich
2017-11-01
Driven by the Internet of Things (IoT), flexible and transparent smart systems have been intensively researched by the scientific community and by several companies. This technology is already available for consumers in a wide range of innovative products, e.g., flexible displays, radio-frequency identification tags and wearable electronic skins which, for instance, collect and analyze data for medical applications. For these systems, thin-film transistors (TFTs) are the key elements responsible for the driving currents. Solution-based materials such as nanoparticle dispersions avail the fabrication on large-area substrates with high throughput processes. In this study, we discuss the integration of ZnO nanoparticle thin-film transistors and inverter circuits on freestanding polymeric substrates enclosing the main issues concerning the transfer of the integration process from a rigid substrate to a flexible one. The TFTs depict VON between -0.2 and 1 V, ION/IOFF > 104 and field-effect mobility >0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1. Additionally, in order to enhance the transistors and inverters performance, an adaptation on the device configuration, from an inverted coplanar to an inverted staggered setup, was conducted and analyzed. By employing the inverted staggered setup a considerable increase in the contact quality between the semiconductor and the drain and source electrodes was observed. As the integrated devices depict electrical characteristics which enable the fabrication of electronic circuits for the low-cost sector, inverters were fabricated and characterized, evaluating the circuit's gain as function of the applied supply voltage and circuit's geometric ratio.
Neutron absorption of Al-Si-Mg-B{sub 4}C composite
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Abdullah, Yusof, E-mail: yusofabd@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my; Yusof, Mohd Reusmaazran; Ibrahim, Anis Syukriah
2016-01-22
Al-Si-Mg-B{sub 4}C composites containing 2-8 wt% of B{sub 4}C were prepared by stir casting technique. Homogenization treatment was carried out at temperatures of 540°C for 4 houra and followed by ageing at 180°C for 2 houra. Microstructure and phase identification were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Neutron absorption study was investigated using neutron source Am/Be{sup 241}. The result indicated that higher B{sub 4}C content improved the neutron absorption property. Meanwhile homogeneity of the composite was increased by ageing processes. This composite is potential to be used as neutron shielding material especially for nuclear reactormore » application.« less
Identifications and Photometric Redshifts of the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South Sources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Luo, B.; Brandt, W. N.; Xue, Y. Q.; Brusa, M.; Alexander, D. M.; Bauer, F. E.; Comastri, A.; Koekemoer, A.; Lehmer, B. D.; Mainieri, V.; Rafferty, D. A.; Schneider, D. P.; Silverman, J. D.; Vignali, C.
2010-04-01
We present reliable multiwavelength identifications and high-quality photometric redshifts for the 462 X-ray sources in the ≈2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey. Source identifications are carried out using deep optical-to-radio multiwavelength catalogs, and are then combined to create lists of primary and secondary counterparts for the X-ray sources. We identified reliable counterparts for 442 (95.7%) of the X-ray sources, with an expected false-match probability of ≈ 6.2%; we also selected four additional likely counterparts. The majority of the other 16 X-ray sources appear to be off-nuclear sources, sources associated with galaxy groups and clusters, high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs), or spurious X-ray sources. A likelihood-ratio method is used for source matching, which effectively reduces the false-match probability at faint magnitudes compared to a simple error-circle matching method. We construct a master photometric catalog for the identified X-ray sources including up to 42 bands of UV-to-infrared data, and then calculate their photometric redshifts (photo-z's). High accuracy in the derived photo-z's is accomplished owing to (1) the up-to-date photometric data covering the full spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the X-ray sources, (2) more accurate photometric data as a result of source deblending for ≈10% of the sources in the infrared bands and a few percent in the optical and near-infrared bands, (3) a set of 265 galaxy, AGN, and galaxy/AGN hybrid templates carefully constructed to best represent all possible SEDs, (4) the Zurich Extragalactic Bayesian Redshift Analyzer used to derive the photo-z's, which corrects the SED templates to best represent the SEDs of real sources at different redshifts and thus improves the photo-z quality. The reliability of the photo-z's is evaluated using the subsample of 220 sources with secure spectroscopic redshifts. We achieve an accuracy of |Δz|/(1 + z) ≈ 1% and an outlier [with |Δz
Zhao, Xin-Dong; Li, Yan-Qing; Xiang, Heng-Yang; Zhang, Yi-Bo; Chen, Jing-De; Xu, Lu-Hai; Tang, Jian-Xin
2017-01-25
Inverted organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has attracted extensive attention due to the demand in active-matrix OLED display panels as its geometry enables the direct connection with n-channel transistor backplane on the substrate. One key challenge of high-performance inverted OLED is an efficient electron-injection layer with superior electrical and optical properties to match the indium tin oxide cathode on substrate. We here propose a synergistic electron-injection architecture using surface modification of ZnO layer to simultaneously promote electron injection into organic emitter and enhance out-coupling of waveguided light. An efficient inverted white OLED is realized by introducing the nanoimprinted aperiodic nanostructure of ZnO for broadband and angle-independent light out-coupling and inserting an n-type doped interlayer for energy level tuning and injection barrier lowering. As a result, the optimized inverted white OLEDs have an external quantum efficiency of 42.4% and a power efficiency of 85.4 lm W 1- , which are accompanied by the superiority of angular color stability over the visible wavelength range. Our results may inspire a promising approach to fabricate high-efficiency inverted OLEDs for large-scale display panels.
Chen, Jiann-Jong; Kung, Che-Min
2010-09-01
The communication speed between components is far from satisfactory. To achieve high speed, simple control system configuration, and low cost, a new on-chip all-digital three-phase dc/ac power inverter using feedforward and frequency control techniques is proposed. The controller of the proposed power inverter, called the shift register, consists of six-stage D-latch flip-flops with a goal of achieving low-power consumption and area efficiency. Variable frequency is achieved by controlling the clocks of the shift register. One advantage regarding the data signal (D) and the common clock (CK) is that, regardless of the phase difference between the two, all of the D-latch flip-flops are capable of delaying data by one CK period. To ensure stability, the frequency of CK must be six times higher than that of D. The operation frequency of the proposed power inverter ranges from 10 Hz to 2 MHz, and the maximum output loading current is 0.8 A. The prototype of the proposed circuit has been fabricated with TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS processes. The total chip area is 2.333 x 1.698 mm2. The three-phase dc/ac power inverter is applicable in uninterrupted power supplies, cold cathode fluorescent lamps, and motors, because of its ability to convert the dc supply voltage into the three-phase ac power sources.
Integral inverter/battery charger for use in electric vehicles
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Thimmesch, D.
1983-01-01
The design and test results of a thyristor based inverter/charger are discussed. A battery charger is included integral to the inverter by using a subset of the inverter power circuit components. The resulting charger provides electrical isolation between the vehicle propulsion battery and ac line and is capable of charging a 25 kWh propulsion battery in 8 hours from a 220 volt ac line. The integral charger employs the inverter commutation components at a resonant ac/dc isolated converter rated at 3.6 kW. Charger efficiency and power factor at an output power of 3.6 kW are 86% and 95% respectively. The inverter, when operated with a matching polyphase ac induction motor and nominal 132 volt propulsion battery, can provide a peak shaft power of 34 kW (45 ph) during motoring operation and 45 kW (60 hp) during regeneration. Thyristors are employed for the inverter power switching devices and are arranged in an input-commutated topology. This configuration requires only two thyristors to commutate the six main inverter thyristors. Inverter efficiency during motoring operation at motor shaft speeds above 450 rad/sec (4300 rpm) is 92-94% for output power levels above 11 KW (15 hp). The combined ac inverter/charger package weighs 47 kg (103 lbs).
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shumway, Nathan; Gabryszuk, Mateusz; Laurence, Stuart
2017-11-01
Experiments were conducted with live dragonflies to determine their wing kinematics during free flight. The motion of one forewing in two different tests, one where the dragonfly is inverted, is described using piecewise functions and simulated using the OVERTURNS Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver that has been used in previous work to determine trim conditions for a fruit fly model. For the inverted dragonfly the upstrokes were significantly longer than the downstrokes, pitching amplitude is lower than that for the right-side up flight and the flap amplitude is larger. Simulations of dragonfly kinematics of a single forewing are presented to determine how the forces differ for a dragonfly flying inverted and a dragonfly flying right-side up. This work was supported by the United States Army Research Laboratory's Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology Collaborative Technology Alliance Project MCE-16-17 1.2.
Integrating More Solar with Smart Inverters: Preprint
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hoke, Anderson F; Giraldez Miner, Julieta I; Symko-Davies, Martha
In Hawai'i, the relatively high cost of electricity costs coupled with various incentives have made it cost-effective to install solar photovoltaics (PV) on residential homes and larger central-station PV plants. On some of the islands, PV has reached over 50% of the installed generation capacity base. To make sure these inverter-based PV plants can maintain stable and safe operations, new smart inverter functionality is being evaluated and demonstrated at significant scale across the islands This paper describes research conducted to validate high PV penetration scenarios with smart inverters and recent progress on the use of these advanced inverter grid supportmore » functions in actual power grids in Hawai'i.« less
Akerman, Kate J; Munro, Orde Q
2013-03-01
The Schiff base enaminones (3Z)-4-(5-ethylsulfonyl-2-hydroxyanilino)pent-3-en-2-one, C13H17NO4S, (I), and (3Z)-4-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyanilino)pent-3-en-2-one, C15H21NO2, (II), were studied by X-ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT). Although the keto tautomer of these compounds is dominant, the O=C-C=C-N bond lengths are consistent with some electron delocalization and partial enol character. Both (I) and (II) are nonplanar, with the amino-phenol group canted relative to the rest of the molecule; the twist about the N(enamine)-C(aryl) bond leads to dihedral angles of 40.5 (2) and -116.7 (1)° for (I) and (II), respectively. Compound (I) has a bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bond between the N-H group and the flanking carbonyl and hydroxy O atoms, as well as an intermolecular hydrogen bond, leading to an infinite one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain. Compound (II) has one intramolecular hydrogen bond and one intermolecular C=O...H-O hydrogen bond, and consequently also forms a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain. The DFT-calculated structures [in vacuo, B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level] for the keto tautomers compare favourably with the X-ray crystal structures of (I) and (II), confirming the dominance of the keto tautomer. The simulations indicate that the keto tautomers are 20.55 and 18.86 kJ mol(-1) lower in energy than the enol tautomers for (I) and (II), respectively.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ushimaru, Kenji
1990-08-01
Since 1983, technological advances and market growth of inverter-driven variable-speed heat pumps in Japan have been dramatic. The high level of market penetration was promoted by a combination of political, economic, and trade policies in Japan. A unique environment was created in which the leading domestic industries, microprocessor manufacturing, compressors for air conditioning and refrigerators, and power electronic devices, were able to direct the development and market success of inverter-driven heat pumps. As a result, leading U.S. variable-speed heat pump manufacturers should expect a challenge from the Japanese producers of power devices and microprocessors. Because of the vertically-integrated production structure in Japan, in contrast to the out-sourcing culture of the United States, price competition at the component level (such as inverters, sensors, and controls) may impact the structure of the industry more severely than final product sales.
Yun, Dong-Jin; Rhee, Shi-Woo
2012-02-01
Composite films of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared by spin-coating a mixture solution. The effect of the MWNT loading and the MWNT oxidation, with acid solution or ultraviolet (UV)-ozone treatment, on the film properties such as surface roughness, work function, surface energy, optical transparency and conductivity were studied. Also pentacene thin film transistors and inverters were made with these composite films as a contact metal and the device characteristics were measured. The oxidation of MWNT reduced the conductivity of MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film but increased the work function and transparency. UV-ozone treated MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film showed higher conductivity (14000 Ω/□) and work function (4.9 eV) than acid-oxidized MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film and showed better performance as a source/drain electrode in organic thin film transistor (OTFT) than other types of MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite films. Hole injection barrier of the UV-ozone treated MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film with pentacene was significantly lower than any other films because of the higher work function.
Inverter Ground Fault Overvoltage Testing
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hoke, Andy; Nelson, Austin; Chakraborty, Sudipta
This report describes testing conducted at NREL to determine the duration and magnitude of transient overvoltages created by several commercial PV inverters during ground fault conditions. For this work, a test plan developed by the Forum on Inverter Grid Integration Issues (FIGII) has been implemented in a custom test setup at NREL. Load rejection overvoltage test results were reported previously in a separate technical report.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sefkow, Adam B.; Bennett, Guy R.
2010-09-01
Under the auspices of the Science of Extreme Environments LDRD program, a <2 year theoretical- and computational-physics study was performed (LDRD Project 130805) by Guy R Bennett (formally in Center-01600) and Adam B. Sefkow (Center-01600): To investigate novel target designs by which a short-pulse, PW-class beam could create a brighter K{alpha} x-ray source than by simple, direct-laser-irradiation of a flat foil; Direct-Foil-Irradiation (DFI). The computational studies - which are still ongoing at this writing - were performed primarily on the RedStorm supercomputer at Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque site. The motivation for a higher efficiency K{alpha} emitter was very clear: asmore » the backlighter flux for any x-ray imaging technique on the Z accelerator increases, the signal-to-noise and signal-to-background ratios improve. This ultimately allows the imaging system to reach its full quantitative potential as a diagnostic. Depending on the particular application/experiment this would imply, for example, that the system would have reached its full design spatial resolution and thus the capability to see features that might otherwise be indiscernible with a traditional DFI-like x-ray source. This LDRD began FY09 and ended FY10.« less
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nawaz, M. F.; Jancarek, Alexandr; Nevrkla, Michal; Duda, Martin Jakub; Pina, Ladislav
2017-05-01
The development and demonstration of a soft X-ray (SXR) microscope, based on a Z-pinching capillary discharge source has been realized. The Z-pinching plasma acts as a source of SXR radiation. A ceramic capacitor bank is pulsed charged up to 80 kV, and discharged through a pre- ionized nitrogen filled ceramic capillary. The discharge current has an amplitude of 25 kA. Working within the water-window spectral region (λ = 2.88 nm), corresponding to the 1s2-1s2p quantum transition of helium-like nitrogen (N5+), the microscope has a potential in exploiting the natural contrast existing between the K-absorption edges of carbon and oxygen as the main constituents of biological materials, and hence imaging them with high spatial resolution. The SXR microscope uses the grazing incidence ellipsoidal condenser mirror for the illumination, and the Fresnel zone plate optics for the imaging of samples onto a BI-CCD camera. The half- pitch spatial resolution of 100 nm [1] was achieved, as demonstrated by the knife-edge test. In order to enhance the photon-flux at the sample plane, a new scheme for focusing the radiation, from multiple capillary sources has been investigated. Details about the source, and the construction of the microscope are presented and discussed.
Oberflächenstrukturierung metallischer Werkstoffe, z. B. für stents
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stöver, Michael; Wintermantel, Erich
Eine topologische Oberflächenmodifikation von metallischen Implantaten kann aus verschiedenen Gründen sinnvoll sein. Im Allgemeinen lassen sich zwei Hauptziele unterscheiden. Zum einen dienen Oberflächen dazu, bestimmte Zellreaktionen zu forcieren. Die Anwendungsbeispiele reichen hier von sehr rauen Oberflächen in Fällen wo eine gute Integration eines Permanentimplantates in das Gewebe erwünscht ist bis hin zu glatt polierten Oberflächen. Letztere werden in erster Linie dort eingesetzt, wo das Implantat in direktem Kontakt mit Blut ist. Ein Beispiel für die Erforderlichkeit einer hohen Rauheit (Rz > 100 μm) sind meist aus Titan gefertigte Schäfte von Gelenksimplantaten [1,2]. Die Autoren machten den Vorschlag, die Aufrauung von Titan- und Edelstahl-Stents analog der Aufrauung bei Hüftprothesenschäften zu versuchen, um eine noch bessere Biokompatibilität zu erreichen. [7, 8 ,9]. Sehr glatte Oberflächen, in der Regel mit Rz Werten von unter 0,1 μm, sind z. B. bei Herzklappenprothesen und der Innenseite von Gefäßstützen gefordert. Mittlere Rauheiten werden oft bei temporären Implantaten eingesetzt, in die in reguliertem Maße Gewebe einwachsen, allerdings keine unlösbare Verbindung bilden sollen. Sehr genau eingestellt werden müssen auch die Oberflächentopographien bei Implantaten in sehr empfindlichen Gebieten wie z. B. der Gehirnregion. Hierbei muss eine gute Verankerung im Gewebe vorhanden sein, um ein Verrutschen des Implantates zu verhindern. Zum anderen darf keine überschüssige Zellproliferation entstehen, um ein Einwachsen in sensible Regionen zu verhindern. Zum anderen werden Oberflächenmikrostrukturen genutzt, um Wirkstoffe in Implantate einzubringen, die lokal über einen bestimmten Zeitraum freigesetzt werden sollen. Als wichtigste Wirkstoffe sind hier Antibiotika und entzündungshemmende Mittel sowie im kardiovaskulären Bereich Proliferationshemmer zu nennen.
Kemege, Kyle E.; Hickey, John M.; Barta, Michael L.; ...
2014-11-10
Cell division in Chlamydiae is poorly understood as apparent homologs to most conserved bacterial cell division proteins are lacking and presence of elongation (rod shape) associated proteins indicate non-canonical mechanisms may be employed. The rod-shape determining protein MreB has been proposed as playing a unique role in chlamydial cell division. In other organisms, MreB is part of an elongation complex that requires RodZ for proper function. A recent study reported that the protein encoded by ORF CT009 interacts with MreB despite low sequence similarity to RodZ. The studies in this paper expand on those observations through protein structure, mutagenesis andmore » cellular localization analyses. Structural analysis indicated that CT009 shares high level of structural similarity to RodZ, revealing the conserved orientation of two residues critical for MreB interaction. Substitutions eliminated MreB protein interaction and partial complementation provided by CT009 in RodZ deficient Escherichia coli. Cellular localization analysis of CT009 showed uniform membrane staining in Chlamydia. This was in contrast to the localization of MreB, which was restricted to predicted septal planes. Finally, MreB localization to septal planes provides direct experimental observation for the role of MreB in cell division and supports the hypothesis that it serves as a functional replacement for FtsZ in Chlamydia.« less
Kemege, Kyle E.; Hickey, John M.; Barta, Michael L.; Wickstrum, Jason; Balwalli, Namita; Lovell, Scott; Battaile, Kevin P.; Hefty, P. Scott
2015-01-01
Summary Cell division in Chlamydiae is poorly understood as apparent homologs to most conserved bacterial cell division proteins are lacking and presence of elongation (rod shape) associated proteins indicate non-canonical mechanisms may be employed. The rod-shape determining protein MreB has been proposed as playing a unique role in chlamydial cell division. In other organisms, MreB is part of an elongation complex that requires RodZ for proper function. A recent study reported that the protein encoded by ORF CT009 interacts with MreB despite low sequence similarity to RodZ. The studies herein expand on those observations through protein structure, mutagenesis, and cellular localization analyses. Structural analysis indicated that CT009 shares high level of structural similarity to RodZ, revealing the conserved orientation of two residues critical for MreB interaction. Substitutions eliminated MreB protein interaction and partial complementation provided by CT009 in RodZ deficient E. coli. Cellular localization analysis of CT009 showed uniform membrane staining in Chlamydia. This was in contrast to the localization of MreB, which was restricted to predicted septal planes. MreB localization to septal planes provides direct experimental observation for the role of MreB in cell division and supports the hypothesis that it serves as a functional replacement for FtsZ in Chlamydia. PMID:25382739
Kemege, Kyle E; Hickey, John M; Barta, Michael L; Wickstrum, Jason; Balwalli, Namita; Lovell, Scott; Battaile, Kevin P; Hefty, P Scott
2015-02-01
Cell division in Chlamydiae is poorly understood as apparent homologs to most conserved bacterial cell division proteins are lacking and presence of elongation (rod shape) associated proteins indicate non-canonical mechanisms may be employed. The rod-shape determining protein MreB has been proposed as playing a unique role in chlamydial cell division. In other organisms, MreB is part of an elongation complex that requires RodZ for proper function. A recent study reported that the protein encoded by ORF CT009 interacts with MreB despite low sequence similarity to RodZ. The studies herein expand on those observations through protein structure, mutagenesis and cellular localization analyses. Structural analysis indicated that CT009 shares high level of structural similarity to RodZ, revealing the conserved orientation of two residues critical for MreB interaction. Substitutions eliminated MreB protein interaction and partial complementation provided by CT009 in RodZ deficient Escherichia coli. Cellular localization analysis of CT009 showed uniform membrane staining in Chlamydia. This was in contrast to the localization of MreB, which was restricted to predicted septal planes. MreB localization to septal planes provides direct experimental observation for the role of MreB in cell division and supports the hypothesis that it serves as a functional replacement for FtsZ in Chlamydia. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Determination of Optimum Cutting Parameters for Surface Roughness in Turning AL-B4C Composites
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Channabasavaraja, H. K.; Nagaraj, P. M.; Srinivasan, D.
2016-09-01
Many materials such as alloys, composites find their applications on the basis of machinability, cost and availability. In the present work, machinability of Aluminium 1100 and Boron carbide (AL+ B4C) composite material is examined by using lathe tool dynometers (BANKA Lathe) by varying the cutting parameters like spindle speed, Depth of cut and Feed rate in 3 levels. Also, surface roughness is measured against the weight % of reinforcement in the composite (0, 4 and 8 %). From the study it is observed that the hardness of a composite material increases with increase in weight % of reinforcement material (B4C) by 26.27 and 66.7 % respectively. The addition of reinforcement materials influences the machinability. The cutting force in both X and Z direction were also found increment with the reinforcement percentage.
Management Strategies for Skull Base Inverted Papilloma.
Grayson, Jessica W; Khichi, Sunny S; Cho, Do-Yeon; Riley, Kristen O; Woodworth, Bradford A
2016-07-01
Inverted papilloma attached to the ventral skull base presents a surgical dilemma because surgical removal of the bony pedicle is critical to decrease risk of recurrence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic management of skull base inverted papilloma. Case series with planned data collection. Tertiary medical center. Patients with skull base inverted papilloma. Over 7 years, 49 patients with skull base inverted papilloma were referred for surgical resection. Demographics, operative technique, pathology, complications, recurrence, and postoperative follow-up were evaluated. Average age at presentation was 57 years. Twenty-six patients (53%) had prior attempts at resection elsewhere, and 5 had squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) arising in an inverted papilloma. Six patients (12%) suffered major complications, including skull base osteomyelitis in 2 previously irradiated patients, cerebrospinal fluid leak with pneumocephalus (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), invasive fungal sinusitis (n = 1), and cerebrovascular accident (n = 1). The mean disease-free interval was 29 months (range, 10-78 months). One patient with SCCA recurred in the nasopharynx (overall 2% recurrence rate). He is disease-free 3 years following endoscopic nasopharyngectomy. Three patients with SCCA had endoscopic resection of the skull base, while 1 subject with inverted papilloma pedicled on the superior orbital roof had an osteoplastic flap in conjunction with a Draf III procedure. All others received endoscopic resection. Removal of the bony pedicle resulted in excellent local control of skull base inverted papillomas. Our experience demonstrates that disease eradication with limited morbidity is attainable with this approach. © American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2016.
Comparative study of SiC- and Si-based photovoltaic inverters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ando, Yuji; Oku, Takeo; Yasuda, Masashi; Shirahata, Yasuhiro; Ushijima, Kazufumi; Murozono, Mikio
2017-01-01
This article reports comparative study of 150-300 W class photovoltaic inverters (Si inverter, SiC inverter 1, and SiC inverter 2). In these sub-kW class inverters, the ON-resistance was considered to have little influence on the efficiency. The developed SiC inverters, however, have exhibited an approximately 3% higher direct current (DC)-alternating current (AC) conversion efficiency as compared to the Si inverter. Power loss analysis indicated a reduction in the switching and reverse recovery losses of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors used for the DC-AC converter is responsible for this improvement. In the SiC inverter 2, an increase of the switching frequency up to 100 kHz achieved a state-of-the-art combination of the weight (1.25 kg) and the volume (1260 cm3) as a 150-250 W class inverter. Even though the increased switching frequency should cause the increase of the switching losses, the SiC inverter 2 exhibited an efficiency comparable to the SiC inverter 1 with a switching frequency of 20 kHz. The power loss analysis also indicated a decreased loss of the DC-DC converter built with SiC Schottky barrier diodes led to the high efficiency for its increased switching frequency. These results clearly indicated feasibility of SiC devices even for sub-kW photovoltaic inverters, which will be available for the applications where compactness and efficiency are of tremendous importance.
2015 Inverter Workshop | Photovoltaic Research | NREL
Utility PV Inverters-Ron Vidano, Advanced Energy Module Level Power Electronics-Jack Flicker (Chair ), Sandia National Laboratories Standardization and Reliability Testing of Module-Level Power Electronics Failure Modes in Inverters-Diganta Das, CALCE Corrosion of Electronics-Rob Sorensen, Sandia National
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Behroozi, Peter S.; Wechsler, Risa H.; Conroy, Charlie
2010-07-01
We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between central galaxies and their host dark matter halos, as characterized by the stellar mass-halo mass (SM-HM) relation, with rigorous consideration of uncertainties. Our analysis focuses on results from the abundance matching technique, which assumes that every dark matter halo or subhalo above a specific mass threshold hosts one galaxy. We provide a robust estimate of the SM-HM relation for 0 < z < 1 and discuss the quantitative effects of uncertainties in observed galaxy stellar mass functions (including stellar mass estimates and counting uncertainties), halo mass functions (including cosmology and uncertaintiesmore » from substructure), and the abundance matching technique used to link galaxies to halos (including scatter in this connection). Our analysis results in a robust estimate of the SM-HM relation and its evolution from z = 0 to z = 4. The shape and the evolution are well constrained for z < 1. The largest uncertainties at these redshifts are due to stellar mass estimates (0.25 dex uncertainty in normalization); however, failure to account for scatter in stellar masses at fixed halo mass can lead to errors of similar magnitude in the SM-HM relation for central galaxies in massive halos. We also investigate the SM-HM relation to z = 4, although the shape of the relation at higher redshifts remains fairly unconstrained when uncertainties are taken into account. We find that the integrated star formation at a given halo mass peaks at 10%-20% of available baryons for all redshifts from 0 to 4. This peak occurs at a halo mass of 7 x 10{sup 11} M{sub sun} at z = 0 and this mass increases by a factor of 5 to z = 4. At lower and higher masses, star formation is substantially less efficient, with stellar mass scaling as M{sub *} {approx} M {sup 2.3}{sub h} at low masses and M{sub *} {approx} M {sup 0.29}{sub h} at high masses. The typical stellar mass for halos with mass less than 10{sup 12} M{sub sun
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhang Min; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; Pan Shilie, E-mail: slpan@ms.xjb.ac.cn
2012-06-15
A novel ternary lithium strontium borate Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}B{sub 12}O{sub 23} crystal with size up to 20 mm Multiplication-Sign 10 mm Multiplication-Sign 4 mm has been grown via the top-seeded solution growth method below 730 Degree-Sign C. Single-crystal XRD analyses showed that Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}B{sub 12}O{sub 23} crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/c with a=6.4664(4) A, b=8.4878(4) A, c=15.3337(8) A, {beta}=102.02(3) Degree-Sign , Z=2. The crystal structure is composed of [B{sub 10}O{sub 18}]{sup 6-} network and isolated [B{sub 2}O{sub 5}]{sup 4-} unit. The IR spectrum further confirmed the presence of both BO{sub 3} and BO{sub 4} groups. TG-DSCmore » and Transmission spectrum were reported. Band structures and density of states were calculated. - Graphical abstract: A new phase, Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}B{sub 12}O{sub 23}, has been discovered in the ternary M{sub 2}O-M Prime O-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (M=alkali-metal, M Prime =alkalineearth metal) system. The crystal structure consists of [B{sub 10}O{sub 18}]{sup 6-} network and isolated [B{sub 2}O{sub 5}]{sup 4-} unit. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}B{sub 12}O{sub 23} is a a novel borate discovered in the M{sub 2}O-M Prime O-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (M=alkali-metal, M Prime =alkaline-earth metal) system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}B{sub 12}O{sub 23} crystal structure has a three-dimensional crystal structure with [B{sub 10}O{sub 18}]{sup 6-} network and isolated [B{sub 2}O{sub 5}]{sup 4-} unit. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sr{sub 1} and Sr{sub 2} are located in two different channels constructed by {sup 3}{sub {infinity}}[B{sub 10}O{sub 18}] network.« less
Structure of exotic light nuclei: Z = 2, 3, 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fortune, H. T.
2018-03-01
I examine the history and current state of knowledge of the structure of so-called "exotic" light nuclei with Z=2-4, from 7He to 16Be . I review the available experimental information and the models that have been applied to these nuclei. I pay particular attention to the interplay among energies, widths (or strengths), and microscopic structure. Throughout the presentation, I focus on a unified description of these nuclei. I point out contradictions within the data, and I suggest experiments that are still needed.
PROBING THE FAINT END OF THE QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT z{approx} 4 IN THE COSMOS FIELD
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ikeda, H.; Nagao, T.; Matsuoka, K.
2011-02-20
We searched for quasars that are {approx}3 mag fainter than the SDSS quasars in the redshift range 3.7 {approx}< z {approx}< 4.7 in the COSMOS field to constrain the faint end of the quasar luminosity function (QLF). Using optical photometric data, we selected 31 quasar candidates with 22 < i' < 24 at z {approx} 4. We obtained optical spectra for most of these candidates using FOCAS on the Subaru telescope and identified eight low-luminosity quasars at z {approx} 4. In order to derive the QLF based on our spectroscopic follow-up campaign, we estimated the photometric completeness of our quasarmore » survey through detailed Monte Carlo simulations. Our QLF at z {approx} 4 has a much shallower faint-end slope ({beta} = -1.67{sup +0.11}{sub -0.17}) than that obtained by other recent surveys in the same redshift. Our result is consistent with the scenario of downsizing evolution of active galactic nuclei inferred by recent optical and X-ray quasar surveys at lower redshifts.« less
Low-pressure RF remote plasma cleaning of carbon-contaminated B4C-coated optics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Moreno Fernández, H.; Thomasset, M.; Sauthier, G.; Rogler, D.; Dietsch, R.; Barrett, R.; Carlino, V.; Pellegrin, E.
2017-05-01
Boron carbide (B4C) - due to its exceptional mechanical properties - is one of the few existing materials that can withstand the extremely high brilliance of the photon beam from free electron lasers (FELs) and is thus of considerable interest for optical applications in this field. However, as in the case of many other optics operated at modern accelerator-, plasma-, or laser-based light source facilities, B4C-coated optics are subject to ubiquitous carbon contaminations. These contaminations - that are presumably produced via cracking of CHx and CO2 molecules by photoelectrons emitted from the optical components - represent a serious issue for the operation of the pertinent high performance beamlines due to a severe reduction of photon flux and beam coherence, not necessarily restricted to the photon energy range of the carbon K-edge. Thus, a variety of B4C cleaning technologies have been developed at different laboratories with varying success [1]. Here, we present a study regarding the low-pressure RF plasma cleaning of a series of carbon-contaminated B4C test samples via an inductively coupled O2/Ar and Ar/H2 remote RF plasma produced using the IBSS GV10x plasma source following previous studies using the same RF plasma source [2, 3]. Results regarding the chemistry, morphology as well as other aspects of the B4C optical coatings and surfaces before and after the plasma cleaning process are reported.
Quantum Criticality and Superconductivity in β-YbAlB4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nakatsuji, Satoru
2009-03-01
Heavy fermion systems have provided a number of prototypical compounds to study unconventional superconductivity and non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) states. A long standing issue in the research of heavy fermion superconductivity in 4f intermetallics is the dramatically different behavior between the electron like Ce (4f^1) and hole like Yb (4f^13) compounds. While superconductivity has been found in a number of Ce based heavy fermion compounds, no superconductivity has been reported for the corresponding Yb systems. In this talk, I present our recent finding of the superconductivity in the new heavy fermion system β-YbAlB4 [1-3]. The superconducting transition temperature is 80 mK, and above it, the system exhibits pronounced NFL behavior in the transport and thermodynamic properties [2,3]. Furthermore, the magnetic field dependence of the NFL behavior indicates that the system is a rare example of a pure metal that displays quantum criticality at ambient pressure and under zero magnetic field. Using our latest results, we discuss the detailed properties of superconductivity and quantum criticality. This is the work performed in collaboration with K. Kuga, Y. Matsumoto, T. Tomita, Y. Machida, T. Tayama, T. Sakakibara, Y. Karaki, H. Ishimoto, S. Yonezawa, Y. Maeno, E. Pearson, G. G. Lonzarich, L.Balicas, H. Lee, and Z. Fisk. [4pt] [1] Robin T. Macaluso, Satoru Nakatsuji, Kentaro Kuga, Evan Lyle Thomas, Yo Machida, Yoshiteru Maeno, Zachary Fisk, and Julia Y. Chan, Chem. Mater. 19 1918 (2007). [0pt] [2] S. Nakatsuji, K.Kuga, Y. Machida, T. Tayama, T. Sakakibara, Y. Karaki, H. Ishimoto, S. Yonezawa, Y. Maeno, E. Pearson, G. G. Lonzarich, L.Balicas, H. Lee, and Z. Fisk, Nature Phys 4, 603-607 (2008). [0pt] [3] K. Kuga, Y. Karaki, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Machida, and S. Nakatsuji, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 137004 (2008).
Implementing and diagnosing magnetic flux compression on the Z pulsed power accelerator
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
McBride, Ryan D.; Bliss, David E.; Gomez, Matthew R.
2015-11-01
We report on the progress made to date for a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project aimed at diagnosing magnetic flux compression on the Z pulsed-power accelerator (0-20 MA in 100 ns). Each experiment consisted of an initially solid Be or Al liner (cylindrical tube), which was imploded using the Z accelerator's drive current (0-20 MA in 100 ns). The imploding liner compresses a 10-T axial seed field, B z ( 0 ) , supplied by an independently driven Helmholtz coil pair. Assuming perfect flux conservation, the axial field amplification should be well described by B z ( tmore » ) = B z ( 0 ) x [ R ( 0 ) / R ( t )] 2 , where R is the liner's inner surface radius. With perfect flux conservation, B z ( t ) and dB z / dt values exceeding 10 4 T and 10 12 T/s, respectively, are expected. These large values, the diminishing liner volume, and the harsh environment on Z, make it particularly challenging to measure these fields. We report on our latest efforts to do so using three primary techniques: (1) micro B-dot probes to measure the fringe fields associated with flux compression, (2) streaked visible Zeeman absorption spectroscopy, and (3) fiber-based Faraday rotation. We also mention two new techniques that make use of the neutron diagnostics suite on Z. These techniques were not developed under this LDRD, but they could influence how we prioritize our efforts to diagnose magnetic flux compression on Z in the future. The first technique is based on the yield ratio of secondary DT to primary DD reactions. The second technique makes use of the secondary DT neutron time-of-flight energy spectra. Both of these techniques have been used successfully to infer the degree of magnetization at stagnation in fully integrated Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments on Z [P. F. Schmit et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 , 155004 (2014); P. F. Knapp et al. , Phys. Plasmas, 22 , 056312 (2015)]. Finally, we present some recent developments for designing and
Performance model for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Boyson, William Earl; Galbraith, Gary M.; King, David L.
2007-09-01
This document provides an empirically based performance model for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters used for system performance (energy) modeling and for continuous monitoring of inverter performance during system operation. The versatility and accuracy of the model were validated for a variety of both residential and commercial size inverters. Default parameters for the model can be obtained from manufacturers specification sheets, and the accuracy of the model can be further refined using measurements from either well-instrumented field measurements in operational systems or using detailed measurements from a recognized testing laboratory. An initial database of inverter performance parameters was developed based on measurementsmore » conducted at Sandia National Laboratories and at laboratories supporting the solar programs of the California Energy Commission.« less
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rudie, Gwen C.; Steidel, Charles C.; Shapley, Alice E.
2013-06-01
We present new high-precision measurements of the opacity of the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium (IGM; CGM) at (z) = 2.4. Using Voigt profile fits to the full Ly{alpha} and Ly{beta} forests in 15 high-resolution high-S/N spectra of hyperluminous QSOs, we make the first statistically robust measurement of the frequency of absorbers with H I column densities 14{approx}< log (N{sub H{sub I}}/cm{sup -2}){approx}<17.2. We also present the first measurements of the frequency distribution of H I absorbers in the volume surrounding high-z galaxies (the CGM, 300 pkpc), finding that the incidence of absorbers in the CGM is much higher than inmore » the IGM. In agreement with Rudie et al., we find that there are fractionally more high-N{sub H{sub I}} absorbers than low-N{sub H{sub I}} absorbers in the CGM compared to the IGM, leading to a shallower power law fit to the CGM frequency distribution. We use these new measurements to calculate the total opacity of the IGM and CGM to hydrogen-ionizing photons, finding significantly higher opacity than most previous studies, especially from absorbers with log (N{sub H{sub I}}/cm{sup -2}) < 17.2. Reproducing the opacity measured in our data as well as the incidence of absorbers with log (N{sub H{sub I}}/cm{sup -2})>17.2 requires a broken power law parameterization of the frequency distribution with a break near N{sub H{sub I}} Almost-Equal-To 10{sup 15} cm{sup -2}. We compute new estimates of the mean free path ({lambda}{sub mfp}) to hydrogen-ionizing photons at z{sub em} = 2.4, finding {lambda}{sub mfp} = 147 {+-} 15 Mpc when considering only IGM opacity. If instead, we consider photons emanating from a high-z star-forming galaxy and account for the local excess opacity due to the surrounding CGM of the galaxy itself, the mean free path is reduced to {lambda}{sub mfp} = 121 {+-} 15 Mpc. These {lambda}{sub mfp} measurements are smaller than recent estimates and should inform future studies of the metagalactic UV background
A one- and two-dimensional NMR study of the B to Z transition of (m5dC-dG)3 in methanolic solution.
Feigon, J; Wang, A H; van der Marel, G A; Van Boom, J H; Rich, A
1984-01-01
The deoxyribose hexanucleoside pentaphosphate (m5dC-dG)3 has been studied by 500 MHz 1H NMR in D2O (0.1 M NaCl) and in D2O/deuterated methanol mixtures. Two conformations, in slow equilibrium on the NMR time scale, were detected in methanolic solution. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments were used to assign the base and many of the sugar resonances as well as to determine structural features for both conformations. The results were consistent with the an equilibrium in solution between B-DNA and Z-DNA. The majority of the molecules have a B-DNA structure in low-salt D2O and a Z-DNA structure at high methanol concentrations. A cross-strand NOE between methyl groups on adjacent cytosines is observed for Z-DNA but not B-DNA. The B-DNA conformation predominates at low methanol concentrations and is stabilized by increasing temperature, while the Z-DNA conformation predominates at high methanol concentrations and low temperatures. 31P NMR spectra gave results consistent with those obtained by 1H NMR. Comparison of the 31P spectra with those obtained on poly(dG-m5dC) allow assignment of the lower field resonances to GpC in the Z conformation. PMID:6694910
Simulated star formation rate functions at z ˜ 4-7, and the role of feedback in high-z galaxies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tescari, E.; Katsianis, A.; Wyithe, J. S. B.; Dolag, K.; Tornatore, L.; Barai, P.; Viel, M.; Borgani, S.
2014-03-01
We study the role of feedback from supernovae (SN) and black holes in the evolution of the star formation rate function (SFRF) of z ˜ 4-7 galaxies. We use a new set of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, ANGUS (AustraliaN GADGET-3 early Universe Simulations), run with a modified and improved version of the parallel TreePM-smoothed particle hydrodynamics code GADGET-3 called P-GADGET3(XXL), that includes a self-consistent implementation of stellar evolution and metal enrichment. In our simulations both SN-driven galactic winds and active galactic nuclei (AGN) act simultaneously in a complex interplay. The SFRF is insensitive to feedback prescription at z > 5, meaning that it cannot be used to discriminate between feedback models during reionization. However, the SFRF is sensitive to the details of feedback prescription at lower redshift. By exploring different SN-driven wind velocities and regimes for the AGN feedback, we find that the key factor for reproducing the observed SFRFs is a combination of `strong' SN winds and early AGN feedback in low-mass galaxies. Conversely, we show that the choice of initial mass function and inclusion of metal cooling have less impact on the evolution of the SFRF. When variable winds are considered, we find that a non-aggressive wind scaling is needed to reproduce the SFRFs at z ≳ 4. Otherwise, the amount of objects with low SFRs is greatly suppressed and at the same time winds are not effective enough in the most massive systems.
X-ray spectroscopy of the z = 6.4 quasar SDSS J1148+5251
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gallerani, S.; Zappacosta, L.; Orofino, M. C.; Piconcelli, E.; Vignali, C.; Ferrara, A.; Maiolino, R.; Fiore, F.; Gilli, R.; Pallottini, A.; Neri, R.; Feruglio, C.
2017-05-01
We present the 78 ks Chandra observations of the z = 6.4 quasar SDSS J1148+5251. The source is clearly detected in the energy range 0.3-7 keV with 42 counts (with a significance ≳9σ). The X-ray spectrum is best fitted by a power law with photon index Γ = 1.9 absorbed by a gas column density of N_H=2.0^{+2.0}_{-1.5}× {10}^{23} cm^{-2}. We measure an intrinsic luminosity at 2-10 and 10-40 keV equal to ˜ 1.5 × 1045 erg s- 1, comparable with luminous local and intermediate-redshift quasar properties. Moreover, the X-ray to optical power-law slope value (αOX = -1.76 ± 0.14) of J1148 is consistent with the one found in quasars with similar rest-frame 2500 Å luminosity (L2500 ˜ 1032 erg s- 1 Å- 1). Then we use Chandra data to test a physically motivated model that computes the intrinsic X-ray flux emitted by a quasar starting from the properties of the powering black hole and assuming that X-ray emission is attenuated by intervening, metal-rich (Z ≥ Z⊙) molecular clouds (MC) distributed on ˜kpc scales in the host galaxy. Our analysis favours a black hole mass MBH ˜ 3 × 109 M⊙ and a molecular hydrogen mass M_H_2˜ 2× {10}^{10} {M_{\\odot }}, in good agreement with estimates obtained from previous studies. We finally discuss strengths and limits of our analysis.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Reinke, Matthew
2016-10-01
Recent results from Alcator C-Mod and JET demonstrate progress in understanding and mitigating core high-Z impurity contamination linked to ICRF heating in tokamaks with high-Z PFCs. Theory has identified two likely mechanisms: impurity sources due to sputtering enhanced by RF-rectified sheaths and greater cross-field SOL transport due to ExB convective cells. New experiments on Alcator C-Mod and JET demonstrate convective cell transport is likely a sub-dominant effect, despite directly observing ExB flows from rectified RF fields on C-Mod. Trace N2 introduced in the far SOL on field lines connected to and well away from an active ICRF antenna result in similar levels of core nitrogen, indicating local RF-driven transport is weak. This suggests the core high-Z density, nZ,core, is determined by sheath-induced sputtering and RF-independent SOL transport, allowing further reductions through antenna design. ICRF heating on C-Mod uses a unique, field aligned (FAA) and a pair of conventional, toroidally aligned (TAA) antennas. The FAA is designed to reduce rectified voltages relative to the TAA, and the impact of sheath-induced sputtering is explored by observing nZ,core while varying the TAA/FAA heating mix. A reduction of approximately 50% in core high-Z content is seen in L-modes when using the FAA and high-Z sources at the antenna limiter are effectively eliminated, indicating the remaining RF-driven source is away from the limiter. A drop in nZ,core may also be realized by locating the RF antenna on the inboard side where SOL transport aids impurity screening. New C-Mod experiments demonstrate up to a factor of 5 reduction in core nitrogen when N2 is injected on the high-field side as compared to low-field side impurity fueling. Varying the magnetic topology helps to elucidate the SOL transport physics responsible, laying a physics basis for inboard RF antenna placement. This work is supported by U.S. DOE Award DE-FC02-99ER54512, using Alcator C-Mod and carried out
Parameters Design of Series Resonant Inverter Circuit
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Qi, Xingkun; Peng, Yonglong; Li, Yabin
This paper analyzes the main circuit structure of series resonant inverter, and designs the components parameters of the main circuit.That provides a theoretical method for the design of series resonant inverter.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Juven C.; Wen, Xiao-Gang
2015-01-01
String and particle braiding statistics are examined in a class of topological orders described by discrete gauge theories with a gauge group G and a 4-cocycle twist ω4 of G 's cohomology group H4(G ,R /Z ) in three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time (3 +1 D ) . We establish the topological spin and the spin-statistics relation for the closed strings and their multistring braiding statistics. The 3 +1 D twisted gauge theory can be characterized by a representation of a modular transformation group, SL (3 ,Z ) . We express the SL (3 ,Z ) generators Sx y z and Tx y in terms of the gauge group G and the 4-cocycle ω4. As we compactify one of the spatial directions z into a compact circle with a gauge flux b inserted, we can use the generators Sx y and Tx y of an SL (2 ,Z ) subgroup to study the dimensional reduction of the 3D topological order C3 D to a direct sum of degenerate states of 2D topological orders Cb2 D in different flux b sectors: C3 D=⊕bCb2 D . The 2D topological orders Cb2 D are described by 2D gauge theories of the group G twisted by the 3-cocycle ω3 (b ), dimensionally reduced from the 4-cocycle ω4. We show that the SL (2 ,Z ) generators, Sx y and Tx y, fully encode a particular type of three-string braiding statistics with a pattern that is the connected sum of two Hopf links. With certain 4-cocycle twists, we discover that, by threading a third string through two-string unlink into a three-string Hopf-link configuration, Abelian two-string braiding statistics is promoted to non-Abelian three-string braiding statistics.
Unveiling the Galaxy Population at 1.3 < z < 4: the HUDF05 NICMOS Parallel Fields
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Petty, Sara M.; deMello, Duilia F.; Wiklind, Tomy; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Mountain, Matt
2010-01-01
Using the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (HUDF-NICMOS) UDF05 parallel fields, we cross-matched 301 out of 630 galaxies with the ACS filters V606 and z850, NICMOS filters J110 and H160, and Spitzer IRAC filters at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 , and 8.0 (mu)m. We modeled the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to estimate: photometric redshifts, dust extinction, stellar mass, bolometric luminosity, starburst age and metallicity. To validate the photometric redshifts, comparisons with 16 spectroscopic redshifts give 75% within Delta < 0.2, which agrees with the sensitivities expected from the Balmer-break in our dataset. Five parallel fields observed by NICMOS have sensitivities in the H160-band of 80% at mAB = 25.4 and 50% at mAB = 26.7. Because the sample is H160-band selected, it is sensitive to stellar mass rather than UV luminosities. We also use Monte Carlo simulations to determine that the parameters from the best-fit SEDs are robust for the redshift ranges z > or approx. 1.3. Based on the robustness of the photometric redshifts, we analyze a subsample of the 301 galaxies at 1.3 < or = z < or = 2 (35 objects) and 3 < or = z < or = 4 (31 objects) and determine that L(BoI) and the star formation rate increase significantly from z approx. 1.5 to 4. The Balmer decrement is indicative of more evolved galaxies, and at high redshifts, they serve as records of some of the first galaxies. Therefore, the galaxies in this sample are great candidates for future surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array.
Masuda, Hisako; Tan, Qian; Awano, Naoki; Wu, Kuen-Phon; Inouye, Masayori
2012-06-01
All free-living bacteria carry the toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems controlling cell growth and death under stress conditions. YeeU-YeeV (CbtA) is one of the Escherichia coli TA systems, and the toxin, CbtA, has been reported to inhibit the polymerization of bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, MreB and FtsZ. Here, we demonstrate that the antitoxin, YeeU, is a novel type of antitoxin (type IV TA system), which does not form a complex with CbtA but functions as an antagonist for CbtA toxicity. Specifically, YeeU was found to directly interact with MreB and FtsZ, and enhance the bundling of their filamentous polymers in vitro. Surprisingly, YeeU neutralized not only the toxicity of CbtA but also the toxicity caused by other inhibitors of MreB and FtsZ, such as A22, SulA and MinC, indicating that YeeU-induced bundling of MreB and FtsZ has an intrinsic global stabilizing effect on their homeostasis. Here we propose to rename YeeU as CbeA for cytoskeleton bundling-enhancing factor A. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chong, Y. K.; Velikovich, A. L.; Thornhil, J. W.; Giuliani, J. L.; Knapp, P.; Jennings, C.
2013-10-01
Over the last few years, numerous 1D and 2D MHD simulation studies of deuterium (D) based double-shell gas-puff Z-pinch implosions driven by the Sandia ZR accelerator have been carried out to assess the Z-pinch as a pulsed thermal fusion neutron source. In these studies, an ad-hoc time-dependent shunt impedance model was used within the external driving circuit model in order to account for the unresolved current loss in the MITL and the load. In this study, we incorporate an improved ZR circuit model recently formulated based on the recent Sandia argon gas-puff experiment circuit data into the multi-material version of the Mach +DDTCRE RMHD code. We reinvestigate the effects of multidimensional structure and nonuniform gradients as well as the outer- and inner-shell material interaction on the implosion physics and dynamics of both D-on-D and argon-on-D Z-pinch loads using the model. Then, we characterize the neutron production performance of the Z-pinch loads as a function of total mass, mass ratio and/or radius toward their optimization as a pulsed thernonuclear neutron source. Work supported by DOE/NNSA. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. DOE's NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
Modified Dual Three-Pulse Modulation technique for single-phase inverter topology
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sree Harsha, N. R.; Anitha, G. S.; Sreedevi, A.
2016-01-01
In a recent paper, a new modulation technique called Dual Three Pulse Modulation (DTPM) was proposed to improve the efficiency of the power converters of the Electric/Hybrid/Fuel-cell vehicles. It was simulated in PSIM 9.0.4 and uses analog multiplexers to generate the modulating signals for the DC/DC converter and inverter. The circuit used is complex and many other simulation softwares do not support the analog multiplexers as well. Also, the DTPM technique produces modulating signals for the converter, which are essentially needed to produce the modulating signals for the inverter. Hence, it cannot be used efficiently to switch the valves of a stand-alone inverter. We propose a new method to generate the modulating signals to switch MOSFETs of a single phase Dual-Three pulse Modulation based stand-alone inverter. The circuits proposed are simulated in Multisim 12.0. We also show an alternate way to switch a DC/DC converter in a way depicted by DTPM technique both in simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) and hardware. The circuitry is relatively simple and can be used for the further investigations of DTPM technique.
Heller, Danielle M; Tavag, Mrinalini; Hochschild, Ann
2017-09-01
The toxin components of toxin-antitoxin modules, found in bacterial plasmids, phages, and chromosomes, typically target a single macromolecule to interfere with an essential cellular process. An apparent exception is the chromosomally encoded toxin component of the E. coli CbtA/CbeA toxin-antitoxin module, which can inhibit both cell division and cell elongation. A small protein of only 124 amino acids, CbtA, was previously proposed to interact with both FtsZ, a tubulin homolog that is essential for cell division, and MreB, an actin homolog that is essential for cell elongation. However, whether or not the toxic effects of CbtA are due to direct interactions with these predicted targets is not known. Here, we genetically separate the effects of CbtA on cell elongation and cell division, showing that CbtA interacts directly and independently with FtsZ and MreB. Using complementary genetic approaches, we identify the functionally relevant target surfaces on FtsZ and MreB, revealing that in both cases, CbtA binds to surfaces involved in essential cytoskeletal filament architecture. We show further that each interaction contributes independently to CbtA-mediated toxicity and that disruption of both interactions is required to alleviate the observed toxicity. Although several other protein modulators are known to target FtsZ, the CbtA-interacting surface we identify represents a novel inhibitory target. Our findings establish CbtA as a dual function toxin that inhibits both cell division and cell elongation via direct and independent interactions with FtsZ and MreB.
Heller, Danielle M.; Tavag, Mrinalini
2017-01-01
The toxin components of toxin-antitoxin modules, found in bacterial plasmids, phages, and chromosomes, typically target a single macromolecule to interfere with an essential cellular process. An apparent exception is the chromosomally encoded toxin component of the E. coli CbtA/CbeA toxin-antitoxin module, which can inhibit both cell division and cell elongation. A small protein of only 124 amino acids, CbtA, was previously proposed to interact with both FtsZ, a tubulin homolog that is essential for cell division, and MreB, an actin homolog that is essential for cell elongation. However, whether or not the toxic effects of CbtA are due to direct interactions with these predicted targets is not known. Here, we genetically separate the effects of CbtA on cell elongation and cell division, showing that CbtA interacts directly and independently with FtsZ and MreB. Using complementary genetic approaches, we identify the functionally relevant target surfaces on FtsZ and MreB, revealing that in both cases, CbtA binds to surfaces involved in essential cytoskeletal filament architecture. We show further that each interaction contributes independently to CbtA-mediated toxicity and that disruption of both interactions is required to alleviate the observed toxicity. Although several other protein modulators are known to target FtsZ, the CbtA-interacting surface we identify represents a novel inhibitory target. Our findings establish CbtA as a dual function toxin that inhibits both cell division and cell elongation via direct and independent interactions with FtsZ and MreB. PMID:28931012
Ru(II)-based metallosurfactant forming inverted aggregates.
Domínguez-Gutiérrez, David; Surtchev, Marko; Eiser, Erika; Elsevier, Cornelis J
2006-02-01
Knowing the advantages of incorporating a transition metal into interfaces, we report on the first inverted aggregates formed using metallosurfactants. The metallosurfactant possesses four long linear tails that account for the shielding of the polar headgroup in apolar solvents. The nature of the so-formed aggregates changes dramatically from inverted vesicles (toluene) to inverted micelles (hexane). The size of the aggregates was determined using dynamic light scattering. Atomic force microscopy allowed us to study the dry structure of the vesicles on a glass surface.
Intrex Subject/Title Inverted-File Characteristics.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Uemura, Syunsuke
The characteristics of the Intrex subject/title inverted file are analyzed. Basic statistics of the inverted file are presented including various distributions of the index words and terms from which the file was derived, and statistics on stems, the file growth process, and redundancy measurements. A study of stems both with extremely high and…
1989-07-31
may be expressed as a combination of geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation as, A = e -a I rn where: A = attenuation as a function of...of the source parameter estimates. Similar consistent results are obtained for the vertical component records. 26 . E .- .0 ~ Ub C>2 a) o 0~ M- PC oa -0...U - V9suu) apl)dr F.p LO. ______ ___2 - a. 4) 440 44~ 0 A* 0 4-4 0 uu 14 E 0. 0 w a- .6aa w ad 0 IV E E 28 UCZ 40 F.) o .*L 101 V- z Z. Ica 29 0 Long
Zschornack, G; Schwan, A; Ullmann, F; Grossmann, F; Ovsyannikov, V P; Ritter, E
2012-02-01
We report on experiments with a new superconducting electron beam ion source (EBIS-SC), the Dresden EBIS-SC, with the objective to meet the main requirements for their application in particle-therapy facilities. Synchrotrons as well as innovative accelerator concepts, such as high-gradient linacs which are driven by a large-current cyclotron (CYCLINACS) and direct drive RF linear accelerators may benefit from the advantages of EBISs in regard to their functional principle. First experimental studies of the production of low-Z ions such as H(+), H(2)(+), H(3)(+), C(4+), and C(6+) are presented. Particular attention is paid to the ion output, i.e., the number of ions per pulse and per second, respectively. Important beam parameters in this context are, among others, ion pulse shaping, pulse repetition rates, beam emittance, and ion energy spread.
Probing the Metal Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium at z = 5-6 Using the Hubble Space Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cai, Zheng; Fan, Xiaohui; Dave, Romeel; Finlator, Kristian; Oppenheimer, Ben
2017-11-01
We test the galactic outflow model by probing associated galaxies of four strong intergalactic C IV absorbers at z = 5-6 using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) ramp narrowband filters. The four strong C IV absorbers reside at z = 5.74, 5.52, 4.95, and 4.87, with column densities ranging from N C IV = 1013.8 to 1014.8 cm-2. At z = 5.74, we detect an I-dropout Lyα emitter (LAE) candidate with a projected impact parameter of 42 physical kpc from the C IV absorber. This LAE candidate has a Lyα-based star formation rate (SFRLyα ) of 2 M ⊙ yr-1 and a UV-based SFR of 4 M ⊙ yr-1. Although we cannot completely rule out that this I-dropout emitter may be an [O II] interloper, its measured properties are consistent with the C IV powered galaxy at z = 5.74. For C IV absorbers at z = 4.95 and z = 4.87, although we detect two LAE candidates with impact parameters of 160 and 200 kpc, such distances are larger than that predicted from the simulations. Therefore, we treat them as nondetections. For the system at z = 5.52, we do not detect LAE candidates, placing a 3σ upper limit of SFRLyα ≈ 1.5 M ⊙ yr-1. In summary, in these four cases, we only detect one plausible C IV source at z = 5.74. Combining the modest SFR of the one detection and the three nondetections, our HST observations strongly support that smaller galaxies (SFRLyα ≲ 2 M ⊙ yr-1) are main sources of intergalactic C IV absorbers, and such small galaxies play a major role in the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium at z ≳ 5.
Qatar Exoplanet Survey : Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Alsubai, Khalid; Mislis, Dimitris; Tsvetanov, Zlatan I.; Latham, David W.; Bieryla, Allyson; Buchhave, Lars A.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Bramich, D. M.; Pyrzas, Stylianos; Vilchez, Nicolas P. E.; Mancini, Luigi; Southworth, John; Evans, Daniel F.; Henning, Thomas; Ciceri, Simona
2017-04-01
We report the discovery of Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b, three new transiting planets identified by the Qatar Exoplanet Survey. The three planets belong to the hot Jupiter family, with orbital periods of {P}{{Q}3{{b}}} = 2.50792 days, {P}{{Q}4{{b}}} = 1.80539 days, and {P}{{Q}5{{b}}} = 2.87923 days. Follow-up spectroscopic observations reveal the masses of the planets to be {M}{{Q}3{{b}}} = 4.31 ± 0.47 {M}{{J}}, {M}{{Q}4{{b}}} = 6.10 ± 0.54 {M}{{J}}, and {M}{{Q}5{{b}}} = 4.32 ± 0.18 {M}{{J}}, while model fits to the transit light curves yield radii of {R}{{Q}3{{b}}} = 1.096 ± 0.14 {R}{{J}}, {R}{{Q}4{{b}}} = 1.135 ± 0.11 {R}{{J}}, and {R}{{Q}5{{b}}} = 1.107 ± 0.064 {R}{{J}}. The host stars are low-mass main sequence stars with masses and radii M Q3 = 1.145 ± 0.064 M ⊙, M Q4 = 0.896 ± 0.048 M ⊙, M Q5 = 1.128 ± 0.056 M ⊙ and R Q3 = 1.272 ± 0.14 R ⊙, R Q4 = 0.849 ± 0.063 R ⊙, and R Q5 = 1.076 ± 0.051 R ⊙ for Qatar-3, 4, and 5 respectively. The V magnitudes of the three host stars are V Q3 = 12.88, V Q4 = 13.60, and V Q5 = 12.82. All three new planets can be classified as heavy hot Jupiters (M > 4 M J).
Tangri, V.; Harvey-Thompson, Adam James; Giuliani, J. L.; ...
2016-10-19
Radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the non-LTE Mach2-TCRE code in (r,z) geometry are performed for two pairs of recent Ar gas-puff Z-pinch experiments on the refurbished Z generator with an 8 cm diameter nozzle. One pair of shots had an outer-to-inner shell mass ratio of 1:1.6 and a second pair had a ratio of 1:1.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-19
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Chen, Xuxing; Huang, Xintang; Yi, Zhiguo
2014-12-22
Photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene continues to be a challenge at the frontier of chemistry. In a previous report, a simple Ag3 PO4 semiconductor material was shown to have strong photooxidative properties and efficiently oxidised water and decomposed organics in aqueous solution under visible-light illumination. Herein, its effects on the photo-oxidation of gaseous C2 H4 were investigated by fabricating graphitic C3 N4-Ag3 PO4 composite semiconductors with direct Z-scheme configuration. It was found that both the ethylene photo-oxidative activity and the stability of Ag3 PO4 are considerably improved by fabrication of Z-scheme composites. Moreover, stable C2 H4 photo-oxidation activity could be obtained by treating the composite at 450 °C for 3 h after long-term operation. From the point of view of environmental pollutant cleanup, the present technique avoids the side reaction of oxidising water and will be valuable for further investigations on both Ag3 PO4 and CH degradation. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Nebular Line Emission and Stellar Mass of Bright z 8 Galaxies "Super-Eights"
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Holwerda, Benne; Bouwens, Rychard; Trenti, Michele; Oesch, Pascal; Labbe, Ivo; Smit, Renske; Roberts-Borsani, Guido; Bernard, Stephanie; Bridge, Joanna
2018-05-01
Searches for the Lyman-alpha emission from the very first galaxies ionizing the Universe have proved to be extremely difficult with limited success beyond z 7 (<3% detections). However, a search of all CANDELS yielded four bright z 8 sources with associated strong Lyman-alpha lines, despite the Universe expected to be 70% neutral at this time. The key to their selection is an extremely red IRAC color ([3.6]-[4.5]> 0.5, Roberts-Borsani+ 2016), indicative of very strong nebular line emission. Do such extreme line emitting galaxies produce most of the photons to reionize the Universe? We propose to expand the sample of bright z 8 galaxies with reliable IRAC colors with seven more Y-band dropouts found with HST and confirmed through HST/Spitzer. The Spitzer observations will test how many of bright z 8 galaxies are IRAC-red and measure both their stellar mass and [OIII]+Hbeta line strength. Together with Keck/VLT spectroscopy, they will address these questions: I) Do all luminous z 8 galaxies show such red IRAC colors ([OIII] emission / hard spectra)? II) Is luminosity or a red IRAC color the dominant predictor for Lyman-alpha emission? III) Or are these sources found along exceptionally transparent sightlines into the early Universe? With 11 bright z 8 sources along different lines-of-sight, all prime targets for JWST, we will aim to determine which of the considered factors (luminosity, color, sight-line) drives the high Lyman-alpha prevalence (100%) and insight into the sources reionizing the Universe.
Static Characteristics of the Ferroelectric Transistor Inverter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mitchell, Cody; Laws, crystal; MacLeond, Todd C.; Ho, Fat D.
2010-01-01
The inverter is one of the most fundamental building blocks of digital logic, and it can be used as the foundation for understanding more complex logic gates and circuits. This paper presents the characteristics of an inverter circuit using a ferroelectric field-effect transistor. The voltage transfer characteristics are analyzed with respect to varying parameters such as supply voltage, input voltage, and load resistance. The effects of the ferroelectric layer between the gate and semiconductor are examined, and comparisons are made between the inverters using ferroelectric transistors and those using traditional MOSFETs.
Pitel, Ira J.
1987-02-03
The present invention provides an electrical power inverter method and apparatus, which includes a high frequency link, for converting DC power into AC power. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a first high frequency module which produces an AC voltage at a first output frequency, and a second high frequency inverter module which produces an AC voltage at a second output frequency that is substantially the same as the first output frequency. The second AC voltage is out of phase with the first AC voltage by a selected angular phase displacement. A mixer mixes the first and second output voltages to produce a high frequency carrier which has a selected base frequency impressed on the sidebands thereof. A rectifier rectifies the carrier, and a filter filters the rectified carrier. An output inverter inverts the filtered carrier to produce an AC line voltage at the selected base frequency. A phase modulator adjusts the relative angular phase displacement between the outputs of the first and second high frequency modules to control the base frequency and magnitude of the AC line voltage.
Pitel, I.J.
1987-02-03
The present invention provides an electrical power inverter method and apparatus, which includes a high frequency link, for converting DC power into AC power. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a first high frequency module which produces an AC voltage at a first output frequency, and a second high frequency inverter module which produces an AC voltage at a second output frequency that is substantially the same as the first output frequency. The second AC voltage is out of phase with the first AC voltage by a selected angular phase displacement. A mixer mixes the first and second output voltages to produce a high frequency carrier which has a selected base frequency impressed on the sidebands thereof. A rectifier rectifies the carrier, and a filter filters the rectified carrier. An output inverter inverts the filtered carrier to produce an AC line voltage at the selected base frequency. A phase modulator adjusts the relative angular phase displacement between the outputs of the first and second high frequency modules to control the base frequency and magnitude of the AC line voltage. 19 figs.
Investigating radial wire array Z pinches as a compact x-ray source on the Saturn generator
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ampleford, David J.; Bland, S. N.; Jennings, Christopher A.
2015-08-27
Radial wire array z pinches, where wires are positioned radially outward from a central cathode to a concentric anode, can act as a compact bright x-ray source that could potentially be used to drive a hohlraum. Experiments were performed on the 7-MA Saturn generator using radial wire arrays. These experiments studied a number of potential risks in scaling radial wire arrays up from the 1-MA level, where they have been shown to be a promising compact X-ray source. Data indicates that at 7 MA, radial wire arrays can radiate ~9 TW with 10-ns full-width at half-maximum from a compact pinch.
A simultaneous search for High-z LAEs and LBGs in the SHARDS survey
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Haro, P. Arrabal; Espinosa, J. M. Rodríguez; Muñoz-Tuñón, C.; Pérez-González, P. G.; Dannerbauer, H.; Bongiovann, Á.; Barro, G.; Cava, A.; Lumbreras-Calle, A.; Hernán-Caballero, A.; Eliche-Moral, M. C.; Sánchez, H. Dománguez; Conselice, C. J.; Tresse, L.; Pampliega, B. Alcalde; Balcells, M.; Daddi, E.; Rodighiero, G.
2018-05-01
We have undertaken a comprehensive search for both Lyman Alpha Emitters (LAEs) and Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in the SHARDS Survey of the GOODS-N field. SHARDS is a deep imaging survey, made with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), employing 25 medium band filters in the range from 500 to 941 nm. This is the first time that both LAEs and LBGs are surveyed simultaneously in a systematic way in a large field. We draw a sample of 1558 sources; 528 of them are LAEs. Most of the sources (1434) show rest-frame UV continua. A minority of them (124) are pure LAEs with virtually no continuum detected in SHARDS. We study these sources from z ˜ 3.35 up to z ˜ 6.8, well into the epoch of reionization. Note that surveys done with just one or two narrow band filters lack the possibility to spot the rest-frame UV continuum present in most of our LAEs. We derive redshifts, Star Formation Rates (SFRs), Lyα Equivalent Widths (EWs) and Luminosity Functions (LFs). Grouping within our sample is also studied, finding 92 pairs or groups of galaxies at the same redshift separated by less than 60 comoving kpc. In addition, we relate 87 and 55 UV-selected objects with two known overdensities at z = 4.05 and z = 5.198, respectively. Finally, we show that surveys made with broad band filters are prone to introduce many unwanted sources (˜20% interlopers), which means that previous studies may be overestimating the calculated LFs, specially at the faint end.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-01
... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model A300 C4...; Model A300 B4-601, B4- 603, B4-620, B4-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F...-- Dated-- A300 series airplanes......... A300-32A0447..... April 22, 2004. A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4...
Nanocrystal-based complementary inverters constructed on flexible plastic substrates.
Jang, Jaewon; Cho, Kyoungah; Yun, Junggwon; Kim, Sangsig
2013-05-01
We demonstrate a nanocrystal (NC)-based complementary inverter constructed on a flexible plastic substrate. The NC-based complementary inverter consists of n-type HgSe NC- and p-type HgTe NC-based thin-film transistors (TFTs). Solid films on a plastic substrate obtained from HgSe and HgTe nanocrystals by thermal transformation are utilized as the n- and p-channel layers in these TFTs, respectively. The electrical properties of these component TFTs on unstrained and strained substrates are characterized and the performance of the inverter on the flexible substrate is investigated. The inverter on the unstrained substrate exhibits a logic gain of about 8, a logic swing of 90%, and a noise margin of 2.0 V. The characteristics of the inverter are changed under tensile and compressive strains, but not very significantly. Moreover, a comparison of the electrical characteristics of the n- and p-channel TFTs and the inverter is made in this paper.
Harmonic Optimization in Voltage Source Inverter for PV Application using Heuristic Algorithms
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kandil, Shaimaa A.; Ali, A. A.; El Samahy, Adel; Wasfi, Sherif M.; Malik, O. P.
2016-12-01
Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) technique is the fundamental switching frequency scheme that is used to eliminate specific order harmonics. Its application to minimize low order harmonics in a three level inverter is proposed in this paper. The modulation strategy used here is SHEPWM and the nonlinear equations, that characterize the low order harmonics, are solved using Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) to obtain the optimal switching angles that minimize the required harmonics and maintain the fundamental at the desired value. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output voltage is minimized maintaining selected harmonics within allowable limits. A comparison has been drawn between HSA, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Newton Raphson (NR) technique using MATLAB software to determine the effectiveness of getting optimized switching angles.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Yuan, Tao; Zhu, Xiaoguang; Tu, Guoli, E-mail: tgl@hust.edu.cn
Efficient inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) were constructed by utilizing a conjugated polyelectrolyte PF{sub EO}SO{sub 3}Na and zinc oxide to modify the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The ITO electrode modified by PF{sub EO}SO{sub 3}Na and zinc oxide possesses high transparency, increased electron mobility, smoothened surface, and lower work function. PTB7:PC{sub 71}BM inverted PSCs containing the modified ITO electrode achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.49%, exceeding that of the control device containing a ZnO modified ITO electrode (7.48%). Especially, PCE-10:PC{sub 71}BM inverted polymer solar cells achieved a high PCE up to 9.4%. These results demonstrate a usefulmore » approach to improve the performance of inverted polymer solar cells.« less
Hawaiian Electric Advanced Inverter Test Plan - Result Summary
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hoke, Anderson; Nelson, Austin; Prabakar, Kumaraguru
This presentation is intended to share the results of lab testing of five PV inverters with the Hawaiian Electric Companies and other stakeholders and interested parties. The tests included baseline testing of advanced inverter grid support functions, as well as distribution circuit-level tests to examine the impact of the PV inverters on simulated distribution feeders using power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) techniques. hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) techniques.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bouwens, R. J.; Franx, M.; Smit, R.
2014-11-10
We utilize a two-color Lyman-break selection criterion to search for z ∼ 9-10 galaxies over the first 19 clusters in the CLASH program. A systematic search yields three z ∼ 9-10 candidates. While we have already reported the most robust of these candidates, MACS1149-JD, two additional z ∼ 9 candidates are also found and have H {sub 160}-band magnitudes of ∼26.2-26.9. A careful assessment of various sources of contamination suggests ≲1 contaminants for our z ∼ 9-10 selection. To determine the implications of these search results for the luminosity function (LF) and star formation rate density at z ∼ 9,more » we introduce a new differential approach to deriving these quantities in lensing fields. Our procedure is to derive the evolution by comparing the number of z ∼ 9-10 galaxy candidates found in CLASH with the number of galaxies in a slightly lower-redshift sample (after correcting for the differences in selection volumes), here taken to be z ∼ 8. This procedure takes advantage of the fact that the relative volumes available for the z ∼ 8 and z ∼ 9-10 selections behind lensing clusters are not greatly dependent on the details of the lensing models. We find that the normalization of the UV LF at z ∼ 9 is just 0.28{sub −0.20}{sup +0.39}× that at z ∼ 8, which is ∼1.4{sub −0.8}{sup +3.0}× lower than extrapolating z ∼ 4-8 LF results. While consistent with the evolution in the UV LF seen at z ∼ 4-8, these results marginally favor a more rapid evolution at z > 8. Compared to similar evolutionary findings from the HUDF, our result is less insensitive to large-scale structure uncertainties, given our many independent sightlines on the high-redshift universe.« less
Dollar Summary of Federal Supply Classification and Service Category by Company. Part 4 (S201-Z119)
1990-01-01
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tonegawa, Motonari; Okumura, Teppei; Totani, Tomonori; Dalton, Gavin; Glazebrook, Karl; Yabe, Kiyoto
2018-06-01
Intrinsic alignments (IA), the coherent alignment of intrinsic galaxy orientations, can be a source of a systematic error of weak lensing surveys. The redshift evolution of IA also contains information about the physics of galaxy formation and evolution. This paper presents the first measurement of IA at high redshift, z ˜ 1.4, using the spectroscopic catalog of blue star-forming galaxies of the FastSound redshift survey, with the galaxy shape information from the Canada-Hawaii-France telescope lensing survey. The IA signal is consistent with zero with power-law amplitudes fitted to the projected correlation functions for density-shape and shape-shape correlation components, Aδ+ = -0.0071 ± 0.1340 and A++ = -0.0505 ± 0.0848, respectively. These results are consistent with those obtained from blue galaxies at lower redshifts (e.g., A _{δ +}=0.0035_{-0.0389}^{+0.0387} and A_{++}=0.0045_{-0.0168}^{+0.0166} at z = 0.51 from the WiggleZ survey). The upper limit of the constrained IA amplitude corresponds to a few percent contamination to the weak-lensing shear power spectrum, resulting in systematic uncertainties on the cosmological parameter estimations by -0.052 < Δσ8 < 0.039 and -0.039 < ΔΩm < 0.030.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tonegawa, Motonari; Okumura, Teppei; Totani, Tomonori; Dalton, Gavin; Glazebrook, Karl; Yabe, Kiyoto
2018-04-01
Intrinsic alignments (IA), the coherent alignment of intrinsic galaxy orientations, can be a source of a systematic error of weak lensing surveys. The redshift evolution of IA also contains information about the physics of galaxy formation and evolution. This paper presents the first measurement of IA at high redshift, z ˜ 1.4, using the spectroscopic catalog of blue star-forming galaxies of the FastSound redshift survey, with the galaxy shape information from the Canada-Hawaii-France telescope lensing survey. The IA signal is consistent with zero with power-law amplitudes fitted to the projected correlation functions for density-shape and shape-shape correlation components, Aδ+ = -0.0071 ± 0.1340 and A++ = -0.0505 ± 0.0848, respectively. These results are consistent with those obtained from blue galaxies at lower redshifts (e.g., A _{δ +}=0.0035_{-0.0389}^{+0.0387} and A_{++}=0.0045_{-0.0168}^{+0.0166} at z = 0.51 from the WiggleZ survey). The upper limit of the constrained IA amplitude corresponds to a few percent contamination to the weak-lensing shear power spectrum, resulting in systematic uncertainties on the cosmological parameter estimations by -0.052 < Δσ8 < 0.039 and -0.039 < ΔΩm < 0.030.
Polar cap potential distributions during periods of positive IMF B(sub y) and B(sub z)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Burke, William J.; Basinska, Ewa M.; Maynard, Nelson C.; Hanson, William B.; Slavin, James A.; Winningham, J. David
1994-01-01
We compare the DE-2 electric field measurements used by HEPPNER and MAYNARD (1987) to illustrate strongly distorted, BC convection patterns for interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B(sub z) greater than 0 and large absolute value of B(sub y), with simultaneous detections of particle spectra, plasma drifts and magnetic perturbations. Measured potentials greater than 50 keV, driven by the solar wind speeds exceeding 500 km/s, are greater than published correlation analysis predictions by up to 27%. The potential distributions show only two extrema and thus support the basic conclusion that under these conditions the solar wind/IMF drives two-rather than four-cell convection patterns. However, several aspects of the distorted two-cell convection pattern must be revised. In addition to the strong east-west convection in the vicinity of the cusp, indicated by Heppner and Maynard, we also detect comparable components of sunward (equatorward) plasma flow. Combined equipotential and particle precipitation distributions indicate the presence of a lobe cell embedded within the larger, afternoon reconnection cell. Both types rotate in the same sense, with the lobe cell carrying 20-40% of the total afternoon cell potential. We detected no lobe cell within morning convection cell.
Simpkin, Adam J; Rigden, Daniel J
2016-07-13
Proteins produced by bacteriophages can have potent antimicrobial activity. The study of phage-host interactions can therefore inform small molecule drug discovery by revealing and characterising new drug targets. Here we characterise in silico the predicted interaction of gene protein 0.4 (GP0.4) from the Escherichia coli (E. coli) phage T7 with E. coli filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z division protein (FtsZ). FtsZ is a tubulin homolog which plays a key role in bacterial cell division and that has been proposed as a drug target. Using ab initio, fragment assembly structure modelling, we predicted the structure of GP0.4 with two programs. A structure similarity-based network was used to identify a U-shaped helix-turn-helix candidate fold as being favoured. ClusPro was used to dock this structure prediction to a homology model of E. coli FtsZ resulting in a favourable predicted interaction mode. Alternative docking methods supported the proposed mode which offered an immediate explanation for the anti-filamenting activity of GP0.4. Importantly, further strong support derived from a previously characterised insertion mutation, known to abolish GP0.4 activity, that is positioned in close proximity to the proposed GP0.4/FtsZ interface. The mode of interaction predicted by bioinformatics techniques strongly suggests a mechanism through which GP0.4 inhibits FtsZ and further establishes the latter's druggable intrafilament interface as a potential drug target.
Distortion and regulation characterization of a Mapham inverter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sundberg, Richard C.; Brush, Andrew S.; Button, Robert M.; Patterson, Alexander G.
1989-01-01
Output-voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) of a 20-kHz, 6-kVA Mapham resonant inverter is characterized as a function of its switching-to-resonant frequency ratio, f(s)/f(r), using the EASY5 Engineering Analysis System. EASY5 circuit simulation results are compared with hardware test results to verify the accuracy of the simulations. The effects of load on the THD versus f(s)/f(r) is investigated for resistive, leading, and lagging power factor load impedances. The effect of the series output capacitor on the Mapham inverter output-voltage distortion and inherent load regulation is characterized under loads of various power factors and magnitudes. An optimum series capacitor value which improves the inherent load regulation to better than 3 percent is identified. The optimum series capacitor value is different from the value predicted from a modeled frequency domain analysis. An explanation is proposed which takes into account the conduction overlap in the inductor pairs during steady-state inverter operation, which decreases the effective inductance of a Mapham inverter. A fault protection and current limit method is discussed which allows the Mapham inverter to operate into a short circuit, even when the inverter resonant circuit becomes overdamped.
Distortion and regulation characterization of a Mapham inverter
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Sundberg, Richard C.; Brush, Andrew S.; Button, Robert M.; Patterson, Alexander G.
1989-01-01
Output voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of a 20kHz, 6kVA Mapham resonant inverter is characterized as a function of its switching-to-resonant frequency ratio, f sub s/f sub r, using the EASY5 engineering analysis system. EASY5 circuit simulation results are compared with hardware test results to verify the accuracy of the simulations. The effects of load on the THD versus f sub s/f sub r ratio is investigated for resistive, leading, and lagging power factor load impedances. The effect of the series output capacitor on the Mapham inverter output voltage distortion and inherent load regulation is characterized under loads of various power factors and magnitudes. An optimum series capacitor value which improves the inherent load regulation to better than 3 percent is identified. The optimum series capacitor value is different than the value predicted from a modeled frequency domain analysis. An explanation is proposed which takes into account the conduction overlap in the inductor pairs during steady-state inverter operation, which decreases the effective inductance of a Mapham inverter. A fault protection and current limit method is discussed which allows the Mapham inverter to operate into a short circuit, even when the inverter resonant circuit becomes overdamped.
Dust reddening and extinction curves toward gamma-ray bursts at z > 4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bolmer, J.; Greiner, J.; Krühler, T.; Schady, P.; Ledoux, C.; Tanvir, N. R.; Levan, A. J.
2018-01-01
Context. Dust is known to be produced in the envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, the expanded shells of supernova (SN) remnants, and in situ grain growth within the interstellar medium (ISM), although the corresponding efficiency of each of these dust formation mechanisms at different redshifts remains a topic of debate. During the first Gyr after the Big Bang, it is widely believed that there was not enough time to form AGB stars in high numbers, hence the dust at this epoch is expected to be purely from SNe or subsequent grain growth in the ISM. The time period corresponding to z 5-6 is thus expected to display the transition from SN-only dust to a mixture of both formation channels as is generally recognized at present. Aims: Here we aim to use afterglow observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at redshifts larger than z > 4 to derive host galaxy dust column densities along their line of sight and to test if a SN-type dust extinction curve is required for some of the bursts. Methods: We performed GRB afterglow observations with the seven-channel Gamma-Ray Optical and Near-infrared Detector (GROND) at the 2.2 m MPI telescope in La Silla, Chile (ESO), and we combined these observations with quasi-simultaneous data gathered with the XRT telescope on board the Swift satellite. Results: We increase the number of measured AV values for GRBs at z > 4 by a factor of 2-3 and find that, in contrast to samples at mostly lower redshift, all of the GRB afterglows have a visual extinction of AV < 0.5 mag. Analysis of the GROND detection thresholds and results from a Monte Carlo simulation show that although we partly suffer from an observational bias against highly extinguished sight-lines, GRB host galaxies at 4 < z < 6 seem to contain on average less dust than at z 2. Additionally, we find that all of the GRBs can be modeled with locally measured extinction curves and that the SN-like dust extinction curve, as previously found toward GRB 071025, provides a
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shi, J. H.; Ma, H. F.; Guan, C. Y.; Wang, Z. P.; Cui, T. J.
2014-04-01
A broadband asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized waves with totally suppressed copolarization transmission is experimentally demonstrated in ultrathin 90°-twisted Babinet-inverted metasurfaces constructed by an array of asymmetrically split ring apertures. The only accessible direction-dependent cross-polarization transmission is allowed in this anisotropic chiral metamaterial. Through full-wave simulation and experiment results, the bilayered Babinet-inverted metasurface reveals broadband artificial chirality and asymmetric transmission, with a transmission contrast that is better than 17.7 dB within a 50% relative bandwidth for two opposite directions. In particular, we can modify polarization conversion efficiency and the bandwidth of asymmetric transmission via parametric study.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Beatty, Thomas G.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Collins, Karen A.
2014-03-10
We present secondary eclipse observations of the highly irradiated transiting brown dwarf KELT-1b. These observations represent the first constraints on the atmospheric dynamics of a highly irradiated brown dwarf, the atmospheres of irradiated giant planets at high surface gravity, and the atmospheres of brown dwarfs that are dominated by external, rather than internal, energy. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we measure secondary eclipse depths of 0.195% ± 0.010% at 3.6 μm and 0.200% ± 0.012% at 4.5 μm. We also find tentative evidence for the secondary eclipse in the z' band with a depth of 0.049% ± 0.023%. These measuredmore » eclipse depths are most consistent with an atmosphere model in which there is a strong substellar hotspot, implying that heat redistribution in the atmosphere of KELT-1b is low. While models with a more mild hotspot or even with dayside heat redistribution are only marginally disfavored, models with complete heat redistribution are strongly ruled out. The eclipse depths also prefer an atmosphere with no TiO inversion layer, although a model with TiO inversion is permitted in the dayside heat redistribution case, and we consider the possibility of a day-night TiO cold trap in this object. For the first time, we compare the IRAC colors of brown dwarfs and hot Jupiters as a function of effective temperature. Importantly, our measurements reveal that KELT-1b has a [3.6] – [4.5] color of 0.07 ± 0.11, identical to that of isolated brown dwarfs of similarly high temperature. In contrast, hot Jupiters generally show redder [3.6] – [4.5] colors of ∼0.4, with a very large range from ∼0 to ∼1. Evidently, despite being more similar to hot Jupiters than to isolated brown dwarfs in terms of external forcing of the atmosphere by stellar insolation, KELT-1b appears to have an atmosphere most like that of other brown dwarfs. This suggests that surface gravity is very important in controlling the atmospheric systems of substellar mass
An Inverter Packaging Scheme for an Integrated Segmented Traction Drive System
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Su, Gui-Jia; Tang, Lixin; Ayers, Curtis William
The standard voltage source inverter (VSI), widely used in electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV) traction drives, requires a bulky dc bus capacitor to absorb the large switching ripple currents and prevent them from shortening the battery s life. The dc bus capacitor presents a significant barrier to meeting inverter cost, volume, and weight requirements for mass production of affordable EVs/HEVs. The large ripple currents become even more problematic for the film capacitors (the capacitor technology of choice for EVs/HEVs) in high temperature environments as their ripple current handling capability decreases rapidly with rising temperatures. It is shown in previous workmore » that segmenting the VSI based traction drive system can significantly decrease the ripple currents and thus the size of the dc bus capacitor. This paper presents an integrated packaging scheme to reduce the system cost of a segmented traction drive.« less
Lavagnino, Zeno; Sancataldo, Giuseppe; d’Amora, Marta; Follert, Philipp; De Pietri Tonelli, Davide; Diaspro, Alberto; Cella Zanacchi, Francesca
2016-01-01
In the last decade light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques, such as selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), has become a well established method for developmental biology. However, conventional SPIM architectures hardly permit imaging of certain tissues since the common sample mounting procedure, based on gel embedding, could interfere with the sample morphology. In this work we propose an inverted selective plane microscopy system (iSPIM), based on non-linear excitation, suitable for 3D tissue imaging. First, the iSPIM architecture provides flexibility on the sample mounting, getting rid of the gel-based mounting typical of conventional SPIM, permitting 3D imaging of hippocampal slices from mouse brain. Moreover, all the advantages brought by two photon excitation (2PE) in terms of reduction of scattering effects and contrast improvement are exploited, demonstrating an improved image quality and contrast compared to single photon excitation. The system proposed represents an optimal platform for tissue imaging and it smooths the way to the applicability of light sheet microscopy to a wider range of samples including those that have to be mounted on non-transparent surfaces. PMID:27033347
Jones, B; Coverdale, C A; Nielsen, D S; Jones, M C; Deeney, C; Serrano, J D; Nielsen-Weber, L B; Meyer, C J; Apruzese, J P; Clark, R W; Coleman, P L
2008-10-01
A multicolor, time-gated, soft x-ray pinhole imaging instrument is fielded as part of the core diagnostic set on the 25 MA Z machine [M. E. Savage et al., in Proceedings of the Pulsed Power Plasma Sciences Conference (IEEE, New York, 2007), p. 979] for studying intense wire array and gas puff Z-pinch soft x-ray sources. Pinhole images are reflected from a planar multilayer mirror, passing 277 eV photons with <10 eV bandwidth. An adjacent pinhole camera uses filtration alone to view 1-10 keV photons simultaneously. Overlaying these data provides composite images that contain both spectral as well as spatial information, allowing for the study of radiation production in dense Z-pinch plasmas. Cu wire arrays at 20 MA on Z show the implosion of a colder cloud of material onto a hot dense core where K-shell photons are excited. A 528 eV imaging configuration has been developed on the 8 MA Saturn generator [R. B. Spielman et al., and A. I. P. Conf, Proc. 195, 3 (1989)] for imaging a bright Li-like Ar L-shell line. Ar gas puff Z pinches show an intense K-shell emission from a zippering stagnation front with L-shell emission dominating as the plasma cools.
Kıbrız, Ibrahim Evren; Sert, Yusuf; Saçmacı, Mustafa; Sahin, Ertan; Yıldırım, Ismail; Ucun, Fatih
2013-10-01
In the present study, the experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra of ethyl (2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-oxo-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-ylidene)-3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate (AOX) were investigated. The experimental FT-IR (400-4000 cm(-1)) and Laser-Raman spectra (100-4000 cm(-1)) of the molecule in the solid phase were recorded. Theoretical vibrational frequencies and geometric parameters (bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles) were calculated using ab initio Hartree Fock (HF), Density Functional Theory (B3LYP and B3PW91) methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 03 program, for the first time. The computed values of frequencies are scaled using a suitable scale factor to yield good coherence with the observed values. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies were performed by potential energy distribution (PED) analysis by using VEDA 4 program. The theoretical optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies were compared with the corresponding experimental X-ray diffraction data, and they were seen to be in a good agreement with each other. The hydrogen bonding geometry of the molecule was also simulated to evaluate the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the vibrational frequencies. Also, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were found. Published by Elsevier B.V.