76 FR 23788 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 88-13A16] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of application (88-13A16) to amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review..., has received an application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This...

75 FR 31423 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-03

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 84-21A12] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application ( 84-21A12) To Amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review... application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This notice summarizes the...

76 FR 81914 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 97-11A03] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of application (97-11A03) to amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review..., has received an application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This...

76 FR 27994 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-13

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 84-22A12] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application (84-22A12) to Amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review... received an application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This notice...

78 FR 13861 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 85-17A18] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an Amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to U.S..., Office of Competition and Economic Analysis (OCEA), has issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of...

77 FR 59591 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 12-00002] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to SunWest Foods... Export Trade Certificate of Review to SunWest Foods, Inc (``SunWest).'' This notice summarizes the...

77 FR 61744 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-11

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-3A001] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Alaska Longline... Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to the Alaska Longline Cod Commission (``ALCC...

76 FR 39846 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-1A001] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of application (10-1A001) to Amend the export trade certificate of review..., has received an application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This...

77 FR 12562 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-2A001] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application (10-2A001) to Amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review..., has received an application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This...

76 FR 63608 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-13

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 92-10A01] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application (92-10A01) to amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review... received an application to amend an Export Trade Certificate of Review (``Certificate''). This notice...

76 FR 63608 - Export Trade Certificate Of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-13

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-1A001] Export Trade Certificate Of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Alaska Longline... Export Trade Certificate of Review Alaska Longline Cod Commission (``ALCC'') on September 21, 2011. This...

78 FR 58286 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-23

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 89-4A018] Export Trade... Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. on... (15 U.S.C. 4001-21) (``the Act'') authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to issue Export Trade...

75 FR 51439 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-20

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 88-12A-16] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Wood... Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America on...

75 FR 28235 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-20

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 85-16A18] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application ( 85-16A18) to Amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review Issued to U.S. Shippers Association, Application No. 85-00018. SUMMARY: The Export Trading Company...

77 FR 18791 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 97-11A003] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of Application No. 97-11A003 of an Amended Export Trade... Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to the Association for the Administration of...

75 FR 50747 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-17

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 85-16A18] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to U.S... Export Trade Certificate of Review to U.S. Shippers Association (``USSA'') on August 9, 2010. The...

76 FR 47148 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-04

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 88-13A16] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Wood [[Page 47149... Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America on...

75 FR 14567 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 97-10A03] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance ( 97-10A03) of an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review... Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to the Association for the Administration of...

77 FR 28853 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-2A001] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Alaska Longline... Export Trade Certificate of Review Alaska Longline Cod Commission (``ALCC'') on May 7, 2012. This is the...

75 FR 35441 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-22

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-00002] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to EFS International Corporation/DBA: EFS Global Trade and Export Sales (Application 10-00002). SUMMARY: On May 27, 2010, the U.S...

26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1.970... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

26 CFR 1.970-1 - Export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Export trade corporations. 1.970-1 Section 1... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-1 Export trade corporations. (a) In general. Sections 970 through 972 provide in general that if a controlled foreign corporation is an export...

77 FR 72324 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-05

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 85-17A18] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application to Amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review Issued to... to amend an Export [[Page 72325

75 FR 44761 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application 10-00004] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application for an Export Trade Certificate of Review From Canned Wild Salmon Export Council, LLC (``CWSEC''). SUMMARY: The Office of Competition and Economic Analysis...

77 FR 37385 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application 12-00004] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application for an Export Trade Certificate of Review Colombia Poultry Export Quota, Inc. (COLOM-PEQ). SUMMARY: The Office of Competition and Economic Analysis, International...

77 FR 58809 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 12-00005] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Colombia Rice Export Quota, Inc. (``COL-RICE'') (Application 12-00005). SUMMARY: On August 28, 2012, the U.S...

77 FR 41970 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 12-00001] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Panama Poultry Export Quota, Inc. (``PAN-PEQ'') (Application 12-00001). SUMMARY: On June 25, 2012, the U.S. Department...

75 FR 25207 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 88-12A16] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application ( 88-12A16) to Amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review Issued to Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America, Application no. 88-00016. SUMMARY: Export...

78 FR 31517 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 99-5A002] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to California Almond Export Association, LLC (``CAEA'') (Application 99-5A002). SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of...

78 FR 36747 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-19

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 99-6A002] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application to amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review Issued to California Almond Export Association, Application no. 99-6A002. SUMMARY: The Office of Competition and...

78 FR 58285 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-23

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 99-6A002] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to California Almond Export Association, LLC (``CAEA'') (Application 99-6A002). SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of...

78 FR 13861 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 99-5A002] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application (99-5A002) to amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review Issued to California Almond Export Association, Application No. 99-5A002. SUMMARY: The Office of...

75 FR 35441 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-22

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 99-4A005] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance ( 99-4A005) of an Amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to the California Almond Export Association, LLC. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce issued an...

75 FR 44762 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 94-4A007] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application (94-4A007) To Amend the Export Trade Certificate of Review Issued to Florida Citrus Exports, L.C. (``FCE''), Application No. 94-00007. SUMMARY: The Office of...

75 FR 65449 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-25

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 94-4A007] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of issuance of an amended export trade certificate of review to Florida Citrus Exports L.C. (``FCE'') (Application 94-4A007). SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce issued an...

75 FR 44760 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [Application No. 10-00003] Export Trade Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Issuance of an Export Trade Certificate of Review to Saintilien... July 21, 2010, the Department of Commerce issued an [[Page 44761

19 CFR 351.412 - Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset. 351.412 Section 351.412 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Calculation of Export Price, Constructed Export Price, Fair Value,...

19 CFR 351.412 - Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset. 351.412 Section 351.412 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Calculation of Export Price, Constructed Export Price, Fair Value,...

19 CFR 351.412 - Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset. 351.412 Section 351.412 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Calculation of Export Price, Constructed Export Price, Fair Value,...

19 CFR 351.412 - Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset. 351.412 Section 351.412 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Calculation of Export Price, Constructed Export Price, Fair Value,...

19 CFR 351.412 - Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Levels of trade; adjustment for difference in level of trade; constructed export price offset. 351.412 Section 351.412 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Calculation of Export Price, Constructed Export Price, Fair Value,...

26 CFR 1.972-1 - Consolidation of group of export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Consolidation of group of export trade... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.972-1 Consolidation of group of export trade corporations. (a) Election to consolidate—(1) In general. One or more United...

27 CFR 44.61a - Deliveries to foreign-trade zones-export status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-trade zones-export status. 44.61a Section 44.61a Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Deliveries to foreign-trade zones—export status. Tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes may be..., without payment of tax, for delivery to a foreign-trade zone for exportation or storage pending...

27 CFR 44.61a - Deliveries to foreign-trade zones-export status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...-trade zones-export status. 44.61a Section 44.61a Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Deliveries to foreign-trade zones—export status. Tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes may be..., without payment of tax, for delivery to a foreign-trade zone for exportation or storage pending...

27 CFR 44.61a - Deliveries to foreign-trade zones-export status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-trade zones-export status. 44.61a Section 44.61a Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Deliveries to foreign-trade zones—export status. Tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes may be..., without payment of tax, for delivery to a foreign-trade zone for exportation or storage pending...

27 CFR 44.61a - Deliveries to foreign-trade zones-export status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-trade zones-export status. 44.61a Section 44.61a Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Deliveries to foreign-trade zones—export status. Tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes may be..., without payment of tax, for delivery to a foreign-trade zone for exportation or storage pending...

77 FR 25681 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

... Certificate of Review ACTION: Notice of Application for an Export Trade Certificate of Review SunWest Foods, Inc. SUMMARY: The Office of Competition and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration... of Competition and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, (202) 482-5131 (this is not...

26 CFR 1.972-1 - Consolidation of group of export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Consolidation of group of export trade corporations. 1.972-1 Section 1.972-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.972-1 Consolidation of group of export trade corporations. ...

76 FR 80887 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Export Trading Companies Contact Facilitation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... Request; Export Trading Companies Contact Facilitation Services AGENCY: International Trade [email protected] ). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information or copies of the... facilitate contact between producers of exportable goods and services, and firms offering export trade...

27 CFR 44.61a - Deliveries to foreign-trade zones-export status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... zones-export status. 44.61a Section 44.61a Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO... Deliveries to foreign-trade zones—export status. Tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes may be..., without payment of tax, for delivery to a foreign-trade zone for exportation or storage pending...

75 FR 80456 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-22

... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title III of the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 (15 U.S.C. Sections 4001-21... government antitrust actions and from private treble damage antitrust actions for the export conduct... of technology rights. 2. ARC seeks certification to exchange information with individual Suppliers on...

The Export Trading Company Act of 1982 and the photovoltaics industry: An assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Enfield, S.; Laporta, C.

1983-01-01

The potential advantages of recent export promotion legislation for the U.S. photovoltaics industry were assessed. The provisions of the Export Trading Company Act of 1982 were reviewed and the export trade sector was surveyed to determine what impact the Act is haviang on export company activity. The photovoltaics industry was then studied to determine whether the Act offers particular advantages for promoting its product overseas.

26 CFR 1.972-1 - Consolidation of group of export trade corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... decrease in investments in export trade assets to which section 970(b) applies as described in paragraph (c... consolidate a chain of export trade corporations shall terminate for the first taxable year of the foreign... foreign corporation which was included in such consolidation for the preceding taxable year ceases to...

Quantifying export flows of used electronics: advanced methods to resolve used goods within trade data.

PubMed

Duan, Huabo; Miller, T Reed; Gregory, Jeremy; Kirchain, Randolph

2014-03-18

There is limited convincing quantitative data on the export of used electronics from the United States (U.S.). Thus, we advance a methodology to quantify the export flows of whole units of used electronics from the U.S. using detailed export trade data, and demonstrate the methodology using laptops. Since used electronics are not explicitly identified in export trade data, we hypothesize that exports with a low unit value below a used-new threshold specific to a destination world region are used. The importance of using the most disaggregated trade data set available when resolving used and new goods is illustrated. Two detailed U.S. export trade data sets were combined to arrive at quantities and unit values for each port, mode of transport, month, trade partner country, and trade code. We add rigor to the determination of the used-new threshold by utilizing both the Neighborhood valley-emphasis method (NVEM) and published sales prices. This analysis found that 748 to 1199 thousand units of used laptops were exported from the U.S. in 2010, of which 78-81% are destined for non-OECD countries. Asia was found to be the largest destination of used laptop exports across all used-new threshold methods. Latin American and the Caribbean was the second largest recipient of these exports. North America and Europe also received used laptops from the U.S. Only a small fraction of used laptops was exported to Africa. However, these quantities are lower bound estimates because not all shipments of used laptops may be shipped using the proper laptop trade code. Still, this approach has the potential to give insight into the quantity and destinations of the exports if applied to all used electronics product types across a series of years.

75 FR 1335 - Export Trade Certificate Of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-11

... to Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America (``WMMA'') on...

Assessment of trading partners for China's rare earth exports using a decision analytic approach.

PubMed

He, Chunyan; Lei, Yalin; Ge, Jianping

2014-01-01

Chinese rare earth export policies currently result in accelerating its depletion. Thus adopting an optimal export trade selection strategy is crucial to determining and ultimately identifying the ideal trading partners. This paper introduces a multi-attribute decision-making methodology which is then used to select the optimal trading partner. In the method, an evaluation criteria system is established to assess the seven top trading partners based on three dimensions: political relationships, economic benefits and industrial security. Specifically, a simple additive weighing model derived from an additive utility function is utilized to calculate, rank and select alternatives. Results show that Japan would be the optimal trading partner for Chinese rare earths. The criteria evaluation method of trading partners for China's rare earth exports provides the Chinese government with a tool to enhance rare earth industrial policies.

Assessment of Trading Partners for China's Rare Earth Exports Using a Decision Analytic Approach

PubMed Central

He, Chunyan; Lei, Yalin; Ge, Jianping

2014-01-01

Chinese rare earth export policies currently result in accelerating its depletion. Thus adopting an optimal export trade selection strategy is crucial to determining and ultimately identifying the ideal trading partners. This paper introduces a multi-attribute decision-making methodology which is then used to select the optimal trading partner. In the method, an evaluation criteria system is established to assess the seven top trading partners based on three dimensions: political relationships, economic benefits and industrial security. Specifically, a simple additive weighing model derived from an additive utility function is utilized to calculate, rank and select alternatives. Results show that Japan would be the optimal trading partner for Chinese rare earths. The criteria evaluation method of trading partners for China's rare earth exports provides the Chinese government with a tool to enhance rare earth industrial policies. PMID:25051534

76 FR 35275 - Export Control Reform Initiative: Strategic Trade Authorization License Exception

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-16

.... The Export Control Reform Initiative is designed to enhance U.S. national security and strengthen the... Security 15 CFR Parts 732, 738, 740, et al. Export Control Reform Initiative: Strategic Trade Authorization... Parts 732, 738, 740, 743, and 774 [Docket No. 100923470-1230-03] RIN 0694-AF03 Export Control Reform...

78 FR 78816 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

... Independent Film & Television Alliance, Application no. 89- 9A001. SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Independent Film and Television Alliance (``IFTA... (Hollywood, CA), Entertainment One (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Exclusive Films International, Limited...

78 FR 79401 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-30

... Power Equipment Institute, Inc. (Application no. 89- 5A018). SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce issued an amended Export Trade Certificate of Review to Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. (OPEI) on... Price Turf Equipment, Ingersoll Equipment Company, Kut-Kwick Corporation, Maxim Manufacturing...

78 FR 5778 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-28

... number) or email at [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title III of the Export Trading Company... the Certificate from State and Federal government antitrust actions and from private treble damage... amended Certificate should be issued. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joseph Flynn, Director, Office of...

Ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade.

PubMed

Phillips, C J C

2005-09-01

To examine the ethical perspectives of the Australian live export trade. The perspectives of farmers and other industry personnel, overseas consumers, the Australian public, veterinarians and the assumed interests of transported animals are compared in relation to the ethical consequences. Animal welfare, societal, personal and professional ethics are identified and the ratification of different perspectives considered. There are positive and negative aspects of the trade for each stakeholder group, and the overall position adopted by any individual reflects their perspective of the balance of these components. The debate as to whether Australia should continue with the trade will be best served by consideration of the interests of all parties in the trade, including the consumers and animals, which are among the most affected by the trade. There is a need for further research to address the major welfare problems for the animals, an openness to inspection on the part of the trade and balance in media reporting.

76 FR 30908 - Foreign-Trade Zone 203-Moses Lake, Washington, Export-Only Manufacturing Authority, SGL...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [A(32b)-1-2011] Foreign-Trade Zone 203--Moses Lake, Washington, Export-Only Manufacturing Authority, SGL Automotive Carbon Fibers, LLC, (Carbon Fiber... Automotive Carbon Fibers, LLC (SGL) to manufacture carbon fiber under FTZ procedures solely for export within...

78 FR 16365 - Foreign Trade Regulations: Mandatory Automated Export System Filing for All Shipments Requiring...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-14

... collecting, compiling, and publishing export trade statistics for the United States under the provisions of... for collecting export trade data, which is used by the Census Bureau for statistical purposes only... timely statistics as well as address the enforcement and security concerns of CBP, the Bureau of Industry...

The impact of trade costs on rare earth exports : a stochastic frontier estimation approach.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanyal, Prabuddha; Brady, Patrick Vane; Vugrin, Eric D.

The study develops a novel stochastic frontier modeling approach to the gravity equation for rare earth element (REE) trade between China and its trading partners between 2001 and 2009. The novelty lies in differentiating betweenbehind the border' trade costs by China and theimplicit beyond the border costs' of China's trading partners. Results indicate that the significance level of the independent variables change dramatically over the time period. While geographical distance matters for trade flows in both periods, the effect of income on trade flows is significantly attenuated, possibly capturing the negative effects of financial crises in the developed world. Second,more » the total export losses due tobehind the border' trade costs almost tripled over the time period. Finally, looking atimplicit beyond the border' trade costs, results show China gaining in some markets, although it is likely that some countries are substituting away from Chinese REE exports.« less

Disentangling regional trade agreements, trade flows and tobacco affordability in sub-Saharan Africa.

PubMed

Appau, Adriana; Drope, Jeffrey; Labonté, Ronald; Stoklosa, Michal; Lencucha, Raphael

2017-11-14

In principle, trade and investment agreements are meant to boost economic growth. However, the removal of trade barriers and the provision of investment incentives to attract foreign direct investments may facilitate increased trade in and/or more efficient production of commodities considered harmful to health such as tobacco. We analyze existing evidence on trade and investment liberalization and its relationship to tobacco trade in Sub-Saharan African countries. We compare tobacco trading patterns to foreign direct investments made by tobacco companies. We estimate and compare changes in the Konjunkturforschungsstelle (KOF) Economic Globalization measure, relative price measure and cigarette prices. Preferential regional trade agreements appear to have encouraged the consolidation of cigarette production, which has shaped trading patterns of tobacco leaf. Since 2002, British American Tobacco has invested in tobacco manufacturing facilities in Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa strategically located to serve different regions in Africa. Following this, British America Tobacco closed factories in Ghana, Rwanda, Uganda, Mauritius and Angola. At the same time, Malawi and Tanzania exported a large percentage of tobacco leaf to European countries. After 2010, there was an increase in tobacco exports from Malawi and Zambia to China, which may be a result of preferential trade agreements the EU and China have with these countries. Economic liberalization has been accompanied by greater cigarette affordability for the countries included in our analysis. However, only excise taxes and income have an effect on cigarette prices within the region. These results suggest that the changing economic structures of international trade and investment are likely heightening the efficiency and effectiveness of the tobacco industry. As tobacco control advocates consider supply-side tobacco control interventions, they must consider carefully the effects of these economic agreements and

75 FR 24969 - China's Agricultural Trade: Competitive Conditions and Effects on U.S. Exports

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-06

... support and government programs related to agricultural markets, foreign direct investment policies, and... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 332-518] China's Agricultural Trade: Competitive... investigation No. 332-518, China's Agricultural Trade: Competitive Conditions and Effects on U.S. Exports. DATES...

Restructuring of labor markets in the Philippines and Zambia: the gender dimension.

PubMed

Floro, M S; Schaefer, K

1998-01-01

This paper critically examines labor market changes accompanying the process of structural adjustment in the Philippines and Zambia and, in particular, the resulting impact on women's economic participation. The changes in the labor market occurring during the process of economic restructuring in Zambia and the Philippines are similar in some respects but very different in others. Zambia's economic performance has not been sufficient to generate wide-based employment and has been characterized by rising unemployment. The Philippines has also unfortunately been characterized by a growth in joblessness, specifically with regard to skilled and semiskilled employment. Global integration of labor markets in the Philippines give some employment opportunity to workers who are willing to seek jobs overseas but not to those in Zambia. Both in the Philippines and Zambia, the informal sector has shifted its agricultural reforms to female labor toward agricultural wage work (which is seasonal and low paid). In the Philippines, specifically in urban areas, certain export-oriented industries have created some jobs, predominantly for young women, but only a small proportion of total females are employed. Much of the female job growth has occurred in sales and service sectors, including sex work, domestic service, and petty trade. International labor migration in the Philippines has become more feminized, because a majority of overseas contract workers are women, who are employed in the service sector as entertainers and domestic helpers. Access to paid work in some cases may empower women, yet in other cases their power may be diminished. Both the specific character of labor market development and the nature of the accompanying economic reform alter the ability of the women and men to take advantage of the opportunity. Reform shifts patterns of production organization and location of employment and can either reinforce the prevailing distribution of power or provide tension

26 CFR 1.970-2 - Elections as to date of determining investments in export trade assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Elections as to date of determining investments in export trade assets. 1.970-2 Section 1.970-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-2 Elections as to date of determining investment...

26 CFR 1.970-2 - Elections as to date of determining investments in export trade assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Elections as to date of determining investments in export trade assets. 1.970-2 Section 1.970-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Export Trade Corporations § 1.970-2 Elections as to date of determinin...

77 FR 48960 - Foreign-Trade Zone 12-McAllen, TX Notification of Proposed Export Production Activity TST NA Trim...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [B-62-2012] Foreign-Trade Zone 12--McAllen, TX Notification of Proposed Export Production Activity TST NA Trim, LLC (Fabric/Leather Lamination and Cutting... cutting of automotive upholstery material for export (no shipments for U.S. consumption would occur...

78 FR 67927 - Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR): Mandatory Automated Export System Filing for All Shipments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-13

... 0607-AA50 Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR): Mandatory Automated Export System Filing for All Shipments... an existing information collection and the collection of two new data elements in the Automated... report shipments of used self-propelled vehicles and temporary exports through the AES or through...

76 FR 9550 - President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-18

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council AGENCY: International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.... exports, jobs, and growth. DATES: March 11, 2011 at 9:30 a.m. (ET). ADDRESSES: The President's Export...

Exporting obesity: US farm and trade policy and the transformation of the Mexican consumer food environment.

PubMed

Clark, Sarah E; Hawkes, Corinna; Murphy, Sophia M E; Hansen-Kuhn, Karen A; Wallinga, David

2012-01-01

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, in the United States as well as among its trade partners such as Mexico. It has been established that an "obesogenic" (obesity-causing) food environment is one influence on obesity prevalence. To isolate the particular role of NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement, in changing Mexico's food environment, we plotted the flow of several key products between the United States and Mexico over the 14-year NAFTA period (1994-2008) and situated them in a broader historical context. Key sources of USDA data include the Foreign Agricultural Service's Global Agricultural Trade System, its official repository for current and historical data on imports, exports and re-exports, and its Production, Supply, and Distribution online database. US export data were queried for agricultural products linked to shifting diet patterns including: corn, soybeans, sugar and sweeteners, consumer-oriented products, and livestock products. The Bureau of Economic Analysis' Balance of Payments and Direct Investment Position Data in their web-based International Economic Accounts system also helped determine changes in US direct investment abroad from 1982 to 2009. Directly and indirectly, the United States has exported increasing amounts of corn, soybeans, sugar, snack foods, and meat products into Mexico over the last two decades. Facilitated by NAFTA, these exports are one important way in which US agriculture and trade policy influences Mexico's food system. Because of significant US agribusiness investment in Mexico across the full spectrum of the latter's food supply chain, from production and processing to distribution and retail, the Mexican food system increasingly looks like the industrialized food system of the United States.

OUTLINE OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN ZAMBIA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Australian Dept. of Labour and National Service, Perth.

THE 1963 POPULATION OF ZAMBIA WAS APPROXIMATELY 3.5 MILLION. THE 8-YEAR PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM IS FOLLOWED BY SECONDARY, SECONDARY TECHNICAL, AND TRADE SCHOOL OPTIONS. THERE IS AN INCREASE IN ADULT EDUCATION AT THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LEVELS. CRAFT AND TECHNICIAN LEVEL PROGRAMS ARE CONDUCTED AT NORTHERN TECHNICAL COLLEGE AND ITS ANCILLARY…

76 FR 19174 - State Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) Pilot Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION State Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) Pilot Grant Program AGENCY... No. OIT-STEP-2011-01, Modification 1. SUMMARY: Program announcement No. OIT-STEP-2011-01 has been... to the date of application submission for a STEP grant.] Section IV A. 1, Governor's Letter of...

75 FR 22578 - Application To Export Electric Energy; Centre Lane Trading Limited

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-29

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. EA-365] Application To Export Electric Energy; Centre Lane... application. SUMMARY: Centre Lane Trading Limited (CLT) has applied for authority to transmit electric energy...)). On April 20, 2010, DOE received an application from CLT for authority to transmit electric energy...

Structural adjustment and drought in Zambia.

PubMed

Mulwanda, M

1995-06-01

While drought is not uncommon in Zambia, the country is now facing the worst drought in history. The monetary and social costs will be enormous. Although it is too early to measure the economic and social costs of the drought on Zambia, it is obvious that the impact is catastrophic on a country whose economy is under pressure. The drought will affect the structural adjustment programme (SAP) unveiled by the new government which has embraced the market economy. The country has imported, and will continue to import, large quantities of maize and other foodstuffs, a situation likely to strain the balance of payments. Earlier targets with regard to export earnings, reductions in the budget deficit, and GDP growth as contained in the Policy Framework Paper (PFP) are no longer attainable due to the effects of the drought.

75 FR 52929 - President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council AGENCY: International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce...: The President's Export Council will convene its next meeting via live webcast on the Internet at http...

75 FR 75994 - Application To Export Electric Energy; Sempra Energy Trading LLC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-07

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. EA-191-D] Application To Export Electric Energy; Sempra Energy... application. SUMMARY: Sempra Energy Trading LLC (SET) has applied to renew its authority to transmit electric... transmit electric energy from the United States to Canada for a two- year term as a power marketer using...

77 FR 73415 - Authorization of Export Production Activity, Foreign-Trade Subzone 12A, TST NA Trim, LLC (Fabric...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [B-62-2012] Authorization of Export Production Activity, Foreign-Trade Subzone 12A, TST NA Trim, LLC (Fabric/Leather Lamination and Cutting), Hidalgo, TX On July 25, 2012, the McAllen Foreign Trade Zone, Inc., grantee of FTZ 12, submitted a notification...

Adjusting export tax rebates to reduce the environmental impacts of trade: Lessons from China.

PubMed

Song, Peng; Mao, Xianqiang; Corsetti, Gabriel

2015-09-15

Export tax rebates are an important policy instrument for stimulating exports, which many developing countries make use of. However, excessive export tax rebates and inappropriate structural arrangements can lead to over-production in highly polluting industries and cause the environment to deteriorate. This paper, taking China as the study case, tests and verifies the statistical significance of the causal relationship between export tax rebates and pollution emissions. With a computable general equilibrium modeling, the current study further analyzes the effectiveness of export tax rebate adjustments aimed at alleviating environmental pressure for different time periods. It is found that before 2003, export tax rebates primarily promoted exports and boosted foreign exchange reserves, and highly polluting sectors enjoyed above-average export tax rebates, which led to increased pollution emissions. Between 2003 and 2010, the export tax rebate system was reformed to reduce support for the highly polluting export sectors, which led to decreases in emissions. Canceling export tax rebates for highly polluting sectors is shown to be the most favorable policy choice for improving the environmental performance of China's international trade. This study can serve as reference for other developing countries which similarly rely on export tax rebates, so that they can adjust their policies so as to combine economic growth with pollution control. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 57911 - Application to Export Electric Energy; EDF Trading North America, LLC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... the proposed action will not adversely impact on the reliability of the U.S. electric power supply... from electric utilities, Federal power marketing agencies and other entities within the United States... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. EA-373] Application to Export Electric Energy; EDF Trading...

15 CFR 2012.3 - Export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Export certificates. 2012.3 Section... STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTAS FOR BEEF § 2012.3 Export certificates... export certificate is in effect with respect to the beef. (b) To be valid, an export certificate shall...

15 CFR 732.5 - Steps regarding Shipper's Export Declaration or Automated Export System record, Destination...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Steps regarding Shipper's Export... Section 732.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS STEPS FOR USING...

15 CFR 752.15 - Export clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Export clearance. 752.15 Section 752.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS SPECIAL...

15 CFR 752.15 - Export clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Export clearance. 752.15 Section 752.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS SPECIAL...

15 CFR 752.15 - Export clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Export clearance. 752.15 Section 752.15 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS SPECIAL...

76 FR 54734 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Application for Export Trade; Certificate of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

... private suits, by limiting liability in private actions to actual damages when the challenged activities are covered by an Export Trade Certificate of Review. II. Method of Collection The form is sent by request to U.S. firms. III. Data OMB Control Number: 0625-0125. Form Number(s): ITA-4093P. Type of Review...

Seeking a Balance in International Trade: Pacific Rim Import-Export Transactions. Grade 12 Lesson. Schools of California Online Resources for Education (SCORE): Connecting California's Classrooms to the World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Robert

In this lesson, student teams roleplay an import-export company's purchasing department. Students consider the reasons for the U.S. trade deficit and develop a plan to help their company achieve an import-export balance. Teams will research international trade and economic issues that impact trade balance. Students are provided with background…

78 FR 54238 - President's Export Council; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-03

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration President's Export Council; Meeting... meeting. SUMMARY: The President's Export Council will hold a meeting to deliberate on recommendations related to promoting the expansion of U.S. exports. Topics may include trade promotion authority...

15 CFR 2014.3 - Export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Export certificates. 2014.3 Section... STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA FOR IMPORTS OF LAMB MEAT § 2014.3 Export... determined by the United States Customs Service, that a valid export certificate is in effect with respect to...

76 FR 66693 - President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

.... ACTION: Notice of an open meeting. SUMMARY: The President's Export Council will hold a meeting to discuss.... exports, jobs, and growth. DATES: November 16, 2011 at 9:30 a.m. (ET) ADDRESSES: The President's Export... on December 20, 1973 to advise the President on matters relating to U.S. export trade and report to...

15 CFR 30.16 - Export Administration Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Export Administration Regulations. 30... OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS Export Control and Licensing Requirements § 30.16 Export Administration Regulations. The EAR issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce, BIS...

15 CFR 730.3 - Dual use exports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Dual use exports. 730.3 Section 730.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS GENERAL INFORMATION § 730.3...

76 FR 19033 - Action Affecting Export Privileges; Credit International Trading Co. Ltd; In the Matter of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-06

... Wang's conviction. The 10-year denial period will end on May 2, 2015. Accordingly, it is hereby Ordered... Denying Export Privileges of Ruo Ling Wang Applicable to Related Person Credit International Trading... individual Ruo Ling Wang (``Wang'') on April 18, 2006 (71 Fed. Reg. 23897, April 25, 2006) applicable to...

15 CFR 752.15 - Export clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Export clearance. 752.15 Section 752... OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS SPECIAL COMPREHENSIVE LICENSE § 752.15 Export clearance. (a) Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export...

Zambia.

PubMed

1988-08-01

Attention in this discussion of Zambia is directed to the following: geography; the people; history; government; the economy; foreign relations; defense; and relations between Zambia and the US. In 1986, the population totaled 7 million with an annual growth rate of 3.7%. The infant mortality rate is 87/1000 with a life expectancy of 51 years. Zambia, located in south-central Africa, is bordered by Zaire, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Angola, and Namibia. The population is made up of over 70 Bantu-speaking tribes. Expatriates, mostly British (15,000 in 1986) or South African, live primarily in Lusaka where they are employed in mines and related activities. Some ancestors of present-day Zambians most likely arrived about 2000 years ago and eventually displaced or absorbed indigenous stone age hunters and gatherers. The major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants began in the 15th century; the greatest influx occurred in the late 17th to the early 19th centuries. After the mid-19th century, the area was penetrated by Western explorers. In 1888, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence. Southern Rhodesia was annexed formally and granted self-government in 1923. Independence was realized on October 24, 1964. Zambia was the 1st British territory to become a republic immediately upon realizing independence. The constitution promulgated on August 25, 1973, abrogated the original 1964 constitution, and this new constitution and the national elections that followed in December 1973 were the final steps in achieving what is termed a "1-party participatory democracy." President Kenneth Kaunda is the major figure in the country's politics. He has wide popular support and traditionally has bridged the rivalries among the country's various regions and ethnic groups. The economy of Zambia is based primarily on its majority state-owned copper industry, which is the only significant source of foreign

15 CFR 758.2 - Automated Export System (AES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Automated Export System (AES). 758.2... CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS § 758.2 Automated Export System (AES). The Census Bureau's Foreign Trade Statistics...) electronically using the Automated Export System (AES). In order to use AES, you must apply directly to the...

15 CFR 758.2 - Automated Export System (AES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Automated Export System (AES). 758.2... CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS § 758.2 Automated Export System (AES). The Census Bureau's Foreign Trade Statistics...) electronically using the Automated Export System (AES). In order to use AES, you must apply directly to the...

15 CFR 758.2 - Automated Export System (AES).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Automated Export System (AES). 758.2... CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS § 758.2 Automated Export System (AES). The Census Bureau's Foreign Trade Statistics...) electronically using the Automated Export System (AES). In order to use AES, you must apply directly to the...

78 FR 51746 - Trade Barriers That U.S. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Perceive as Affecting Exports to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-21

... this report, an SME is defined as a firm with fewer than 500 U.S.-based employees.) The Commission is... countries; the relative effect on exports of different EU trade barriers; and ways in which SME...

Education Imports and Exports in the Framework of the World Trade Organization and Adjustments of Education Legislation and Policy Making in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mansheng, Zhou

2009-01-01

Commitments on trade in education services constitute a vital part of China's promises after securing World Trade Organization (WTO) membership. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the forms of educational imports and exports in the framework of WTO and examines the Chinese government's efforts to adjust education legislation and policy…

15 CFR 30.6 - Electronic Export Information data elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Electronic Export Information data elements. 30.6 Section 30.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade... Electronic Export Information data elements. The information specified in this section is required for...

15 CFR 30.6 - Electronic Export Information data elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electronic Export Information data elements. 30.6 Section 30.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade... Electronic Export Information data elements. The information specified in this section is required for...

22 CFR 123.5 - Temporary export licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.5 Temporary export licenses. (a) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may issue a license for the temporary export of unclassified defense articles (DSP-73). Such licenses are... license or other written approval must be obtained from the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls if the...

22 CFR 123.5 - Temporary export licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.5 Temporary export licenses. (a) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may issue a license for the temporary export of unclassified defense articles (DSP-73). Such licenses are... license or other written approval must be obtained from the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls if the...

22 CFR 123.5 - Temporary export licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... AND TEMPORARY IMPORT OF DEFENSE ARTICLES § 123.5 Temporary export licenses. (a) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may issue a license for the temporary export of unclassified defense articles (DSP... Defense Trade Controls if the article is to remain outside the United States beyond the period for which...

15 CFR 1300.1 - Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries. 1300.1 Section 1300.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) EAST-WEST FOREIGN TRADE BOARD REPORTS ON EXPORTS OF TECHNOLOGY § 1300.1 Reporting of exports of technology t...

Inter-Industry Trade and Intra-Industry Trade: Some Recent Developments in International Trade Theory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenaway, David

1978-01-01

Contends that the analysis of intra-industry trade supplements the subject of trade theory in undergraduate economics courses. Intra-industry trade is the situation in which a country both exports and imports the products of a particular industry, e.g. automobiles. Questions for discussion are included. (KC)

77 FR 69591 - President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

... posted in advance of the meeting on the President's Export Council Web site at http://trade.gov/pec... broadcast via live webcast on the Internet at http://whitehouse.gov/live . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...: Electronic Submissions Submit statements electronically via the President's Export Council Web site at http...

75 FR 70905 - President's Export Council: Meeting of the President's Export Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-19

... Council will convene its next meeting via live webcast on the Internet at http:[sol][sol]whitehouse.gov[sol]live. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: J. Marc Chittum, President's Export Council, Room 4043...'s Export Council Web site at http:[sol][sol]trade.gov[sol]pec[sol]peccomments.asp; or Paper...

Definitional-mission report: I-shaped power-interconnection study in Thailand. Export trade information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shrivastava, V.K.; Sandell, D.H.

The Government of Thailand is implementing a Southern Seaboard Development Project. The developing of the project will increase demand for all utility and infrastructure systems and services. The distribution of electric power in the new area falls within the responsibility of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). The U.S. Trade and Development Program (TDP) funded a Definitional Mission to evaluate the prospects of TDP funding a feasibility study for an I-Shaped power interconnection study for supplying electricity to the 15 provinces in Southern Thailand. The mission concluded that TDP should provide a grant to PEA to select a U.S. firm tomore » carry out the proposed I-Shaped Interconnection study for power distribution in southern Thailand. The overall potential for exports resulting from the project is conservatively estimated at $120 million, not including any follow-on work and spare parts inventory, typical of such projects. TDP's program in Thailand has enjoyed enviable success in exports and TDP's support of the proposed feasibility study will clearly maintain and very likely add to that momentum.« less

77 FR 60377 - Order Denying Export Privileges

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-03

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Order Denying Export Privileges In the... causing to be violated the United States trade restriction with Iran by exporting and attempting to export... Foreign Assets Control for such an export. Avanessian was also convicted of one count of conspiracy (18 U...

27 CFR 28.216 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.216 Section 28.216 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Exportation of Wine With Benefit of Drawback § 28.216...

15 CFR 2015.3 - Export certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Export certificates. 2015.3 Section... Export certificates. (a) To claim the in-quota rate of duty on sugar-containing products of a..., in the form and manner determined by the United States Customs Service, that a valid export...

The Republic of Zambia.

PubMed

Hakkert, R; Wieringa, R

1986-05-01

In 1964, at independence, Zambia's economic future looked brighter than that of most other developing countries. Its copper production accounted for 8% of total world production, and only neighboring Zaire outpaced it in the production of cobalt. Its Central Province around Kabwe held rich deposits of both zinc and lead; uranium deposits also had been found, but their projected yield remained undetermined. Since 1974, the decline in the price of copper and the increase in the price of oil have played havoc with Zambia's balance of payments. Copper, which accounted for 40% of the gross national product (GNP) and 98% of all foreign exchange in 1964, shrank to 12% of the GNP in 1978 while still generating most of the foreign exchange. As a result, imports were cut back markedly from $1.5 billion in 1973 to $690 million in 1983. Although this trend is beginning to make a U-turn, Zambia's economic situation is grave. In 1984 the GNP continued to register negative growth and inflation stood at 25%. With its urbanization rate doubling from 21% in 1964 to 43% in 1985, Zambia is now the most urbanized country south of the Sahara. Zambia's 1985 population is estimated to be 6.8 million. Between 1963 and 1969, the average annual population growth rate was 2.5: it was 3.1% between 1969-80. The current birthrate of about 48/1000 is expected to decline only marginally in the next 15 years, but the death rate is declining more rapidly -- from 19/1000 in the late 1960s to 15/1000 in 1985. Life expectancy is expected to rise from the current 51 years to about 58 years. As a result of the high growth rate, Zambia's population is young, with a median age of about 16.3 years. Traditional African values stress the importance of large families. Zambia's total fertility rate was 6.9 in 1985. According to the World Bank, only 1% of married women of childbearing age in 1982 used contraceptives. Although tribal links are weakening, Zambia still counts 73 officially recognized tribes

'One health' and development priorities in resource-constrained countries: policy lessons from avian and pandemic influenza preparedness in Zambia.

PubMed

Mwacalimba, Kennedy Kapala; Green, Judith

2015-03-01

'One World, One Health' has become a key rallying theme for the integration of public health and animal health priorities, particularly in the governance of pandemic-scale zoonotic infectious disease threats. However, the policy challenges of integrating public health and animal health priorities in the context of trade and development issues remain relatively unexamined, and few studies to date have explored the implications of global disease governance for resource-constrained countries outside the main centres of zoonotic outbreaks. This article draws on a policy study of national level avian and pandemic influenza preparedness between 2005 and 2009 across the sectors of trade, health and agriculture in Zambia. We highlight the challenges of integrating disease control interventions amidst trade and developmental realities in resource-poor environments. One Health prioritizes disease risk mitigation, sidelining those trade and development narratives which speak to broader public health concerns. We show how locally important trade and development imperatives were marginalized in Zambia, limiting the effectiveness of pandemic preparedness. Our findings are likely to be generalizable to other resource-constrained countries, and suggest that effective disease governance requires alignment with trade and development sectors, as well as integration of veterinary and public health sectors. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2014; all rights reserved.

Primary health care trading companies for sustainable development.

PubMed

Soeters, R; Nzala, S

1994-01-01

A programme of comprehensive primary health care in Zambia has been accompanied by the emergence of autonomous, non-profit trading and production companies that sell health-related goods to communities and health institutions and find markets for locally produced good.

Effects of river-floodplain exchange on water quality and nutrient export in the dam-impacted Kafue River (Zambia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zurbrugg, R.; Wamulume, J.; Blank, N.; Nyambe, I.; Wehrli, B.; Senn, D. B.

2010-12-01

Biogeochemical processes in river-floodplain ecosystems are strongly influenced by hydrology and, in particular, river-floodplain exchange. In tropical systems, where the hydrology is dominated by distinct dry and rainy seasons, annual flood waters trigger organic matter mineralization within and nutrient export from the dried and rewetted floodplain, and the magnitude of hydrological exchange between a river and its floodplain has the potential to substantially influence nutrient and carbon exports and water quality in the river. In this study we examined the extent and the effects of hydrological river-floodplain exchange in the Kafue River and its floodplain, the Kafue Flats, in Zambia. The Kafue Flats is a 7000 km2 seasonal wetland whose hydrological regime has been impacted by upstream and downstream large dams constructed in the 1970s, leading to changes in the flooding pattern in this high-biodiversity ecosystem. Field campaigns, carried out during flood recession (May 2008, 2009, 2010) and covering a ~400 km river stretch, revealed a steep decline in dissolved oxygen from 6 mg/L to 1 mg/L over a ~20 km stretch of river beginning approximately 200 km downstream from the first dam, with low oxygen persisting for an additional 150 km downstream. To further explore this phenomenon discharge measurements (ADCP) were conducted in May 2009 and May 2010. River discharge decreased from ~600 m3/s at the upstream dam to 100 m3/s midway through the Kafue Flats, and increased to >800 m3/s towards the end of the floodplain (400 km downstream). River cross section data indicate that the dramatic decrease in discharge occured primarily because of variations in channel area and channel carrying capacity, with channel constrictions forcing ~85% of the discharge out of the river channel and into the floodplain. Using specific conductivity and δ18O-H2O as tracers for floodplain water, we estimate that the downstream increases in flow occur through lateral inflows of receding

Investment incentives and the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: evidence from Zambia.

PubMed

Lencucha, Raphael; Drope, Jeffrey; Labonte, Ronald; Zulu, Richard; Goma, Fastone

2016-07-01

Policy misalignment across different sectors of government serves as one of the pivotal barriers to WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation. This paper examines the logic used by government officials to justify investment incentives to increase tobacco processing and manufacturing in the context of FCTC implementation in Zambia. We conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with key informants from government, civil society and intergovernmental economic organisations (n=23). We supplemented the interview data with an analysis of public documents pertaining to the policy of economic development in Zambia. We found gross misalignments between the policies of the economic sector and efforts to implement the provisions of the FCTC. Our interviews uncovered the rationale used by officials in the economic sector to justify providing economic incentives to bolster tobacco processing and manufacturing in Zambia: (1) tobacco is not consumed by Zambians/tobacco is an export commodity, (2) economic benefits outweigh health costs and (3) tobacco consumption is a personal choice. Much of the struggle Zambia has experienced in implementing the FCTC can be attributed to misalignments between the economic and health sectors. Zambia's development agenda seeks to bolster agricultural processing and manufacturing. Tobacco control proponents must recognise and work within this context in order to foster productive strategies with those working on tobacco supply issues. These findings are broadly applicable to the global context. It is important that the Ministry of Health monitors the tobacco policy of and engages with these sectors to find ways of harmonising FCTC implementation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

15 CFR 1300.1 - Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries. 1300.1 Section 1300.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) EAST-WEST FOREIGN TRADE BOARD REPORTS ON EXPORTS OF TECHNOLOGY...

27 CFR 28.154 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.154..., for Exportation or Transfer to a Foreign-Trade Zone § 28.154 Export marks. In addition to the marks... provisions of part 19 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on the Government side of...

Catholic Schools in Zambia: 1891-1924.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carmody, Brendan

1999-01-01

Retraces the contribution of the Catholic Church to schooling in Northern Rhodesia (currently Zambia) from 1891-1924. Provides background on the development of the Church in Zambia. Discusses Catholic and government perspectives on schooling and conversion, Catholic schooling in Zambia, and the African response to Catholic schooling. (CMK)

19 CFR 351.402 - Calculation of export price and constructed export price; reimbursement of antidumping and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Calculation of export price and constructed export price; reimbursement of antidumping and countervailing duties. 351.402 Section 351.402 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Calculation of...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2001-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2001-01-01 2001-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF EXPORT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2002-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2002-01-01 2002-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF EXPORT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

76 FR 31935 - District Export Council Nomination Opportunity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-02

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration District Export Council Nomination... of opportunity for appointment to serve as a District Export Council member. SUMMARY: The Department... Secretary of Commerce to serve as members of one of the 60 District Export Councils (DECs) nationwide. DECs...

27 CFR 28.264 - Lading for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Lading for exportation. 28.264 Section 28.264 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Proceedings at Ports of Export § 28.264 Lading for...

27 CFR 28.264 - Lading for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Lading for exportation. 28.264 Section 28.264 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Proceedings at Ports of Export § 28.264 Lading for...

27 CFR 28.264 - Lading for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Lading for exportation. 28.264 Section 28.264 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Proceedings at Ports of Export § 28.264 Lading for...

27 CFR 28.264 - Lading for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Lading for exportation. 28.264 Section 28.264 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Proceedings at Ports of Export § 28.264 Lading for...

27 CFR 28.264 - Lading for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Lading for exportation. 28.264 Section 28.264 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Proceedings at Ports of Export § 28.264 Lading for...

78 FR 32622 - District Export Council Nomination Opportunity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-31

... Administration District Export Council Nomination Opportunity AGENCY: International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of Opportunity for Appointment to serve as a District Export Council... consideration for appointment by the Secretary of Commerce to serve as members of one of the 59 District Export...

A roaring trade? The legal trade in Panthera leo bones from Africa to East-Southeast Asia

PubMed Central

Loveridge, Andrew J.; Newton, David J.; Macdonald, David W.

2017-01-01

The African lion is the only big cat listed on CITES Appendix II, and the only one for which international commercial trade is legal under CITES. The trade in lion body parts, and especially the contentious trade in bones from South Africa to Asia, has raised concerns spanning continents and cultures. Debates were amplified at the 2016 CITES Conference of the Parties (CoP17) when a proposal to up-list lions to Appendix I was not supported and a compromise to keep them on Appendix II, with a bone trade quota for South Africa, was reached instead. CoP17 underscored a need for further information on the lion bone trade and the consequences for lions across the continent. Legal international trade in bones to Asia, allegedly to supply the substitute ‘tiger bone’ market, began in South Africa in February 2008 when the first CITES permits were issued. It was initially unclear the degree to which bones were sourced from captive-origin lions, and whether trade was a threat to wild lion populations. Our original assessment of the legal CITES-permitted lion bone trade from South Africa to East-Southeast Asia was for the period 2008–2011 (published 2015). In this paper, we consolidate new information that has become available for 2012–2016, including CITES reports from other African countries, and data on actual exports for three years to 2016 supplied by a freight forwarding company. Thus, we update the figures on the legal trade in lion bones from Africa to East-Southeast Asia in the period 2008–2016. We also contextualise the basis for global concerns by reviewing the history of the trade and its relation to tigers, poaching and wildlife trafficking. CITES permits issued to export bones escalated from ±314y-1 skeletons from 2008–2011, to ±1312y-1 skeletons from 2013–2015. South Africa was the only legal exporter of bones to Asia until 2013 when Namibia issued permits to export skeletons to Vietnam. While CITES permits to export ±5363 skeletons from Africa

A roaring trade? The legal trade in Panthera leo bones from Africa to East-Southeast Asia.

PubMed

Williams, Vivienne L; Loveridge, Andrew J; Newton, David J; Macdonald, David W

2017-01-01

The African lion is the only big cat listed on CITES Appendix II, and the only one for which international commercial trade is legal under CITES. The trade in lion body parts, and especially the contentious trade in bones from South Africa to Asia, has raised concerns spanning continents and cultures. Debates were amplified at the 2016 CITES Conference of the Parties (CoP17) when a proposal to up-list lions to Appendix I was not supported and a compromise to keep them on Appendix II, with a bone trade quota for South Africa, was reached instead. CoP17 underscored a need for further information on the lion bone trade and the consequences for lions across the continent. Legal international trade in bones to Asia, allegedly to supply the substitute 'tiger bone' market, began in South Africa in February 2008 when the first CITES permits were issued. It was initially unclear the degree to which bones were sourced from captive-origin lions, and whether trade was a threat to wild lion populations. Our original assessment of the legal CITES-permitted lion bone trade from South Africa to East-Southeast Asia was for the period 2008-2011 (published 2015). In this paper, we consolidate new information that has become available for 2012-2016, including CITES reports from other African countries, and data on actual exports for three years to 2016 supplied by a freight forwarding company. Thus, we update the figures on the legal trade in lion bones from Africa to East-Southeast Asia in the period 2008-2016. We also contextualise the basis for global concerns by reviewing the history of the trade and its relation to tigers, poaching and wildlife trafficking. CITES permits issued to export bones escalated from ±314y-1 skeletons from 2008-2011, to ±1312y-1 skeletons from 2013-2015. South Africa was the only legal exporter of bones to Asia until 2013 when Namibia issued permits to export skeletons to Vietnam. While CITES permits to export ±5363 skeletons from Africa to Asia from

77 FR 21969 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-12

... plans to export Chicken leg quarters, (or parts of chicken leg quarters, including legs or thighs..., classifiable under HTS 0207.13.99, 0207.14.99 and 1602.32.00. Export Markets Chicken leg quarters for which... shall offer TRQ Certificates for duty-free shipments of chicken leg quarters to the Republic of Panama...

19 CFR 351.520 - Export insurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Identification and Measurement of Countervailable Subsidies § 351.520 Export insurance. (a) Benefit—(1) In general. In the case of export insurance, a benefit exists if the premium rates charged are inadequate to...

[Import and export of licorice and its products in China].

PubMed

Ma, Shuai; Wang, Nuo; Yang, Guang; Que, Ling

2017-06-01

Licorice is an important harmonic drug which has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. However, with the increasing demand of industrial production, the licorice resources in our country have been reduced rapidly and we have to import licorice resources from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan consequently. In order to find out the trade flow of licorice resources and evaluate the status of Chinese licorice in the world trade, the trade situation of licorice and its products from 2011 to 2015 May in Chinese customs was investigated and analyzed in this paper. The import and export volumes of licorice were declining; the import and export volumes of licorice were relatively concentrated in international trade, with greater risks of trade; and export quota management was not well executed. As one of the strategic resources of medicine, licorice resources must be based on domestic development, and we should adjust the export quota management from passive quota to active quota management and improve the intrinsic value of licorice resources to establish the international market position of our licorice and control the pricing power in international market. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

22 CFR 125.1 - Exports subject to this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... EXPORT OF TECHNICAL DATA AND CLASSIFIED DEFENSE ARTICLES § 125.1 Exports subject to this part. (a) The controls of this part apply to the export of technical data and the export of classified defense articles... defense articles if the technical data is determined by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls to be...

19 CFR 146.67 - Transfer of merchandise for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Transfer of Merchandise From a Zone § 146.67 Transfer of merchandise for exportation. (a) Direct exportation. Any merchandise in a zone may be exported... territory for exportation at the port where the zone is located, will be made under an entry for immediate...

19 CFR 146.67 - Transfer of merchandise for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Transfer of Merchandise From a Zone § 146.67 Transfer of merchandise for exportation. (a) Direct exportation. Any merchandise in a zone may be exported... territory for exportation at the port where the zone is located, will be made under an entry for immediate...

19 CFR 146.67 - Transfer of merchandise for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Transfer of Merchandise From a Zone § 146.67 Transfer of merchandise for exportation. (a) Direct exportation. Any merchandise in a zone may be exported... territory for exportation at the port where the zone is located, will be made under an entry for immediate...

19 CFR 146.67 - Transfer of merchandise for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Transfer of Merchandise From a Zone § 146.67 Transfer of merchandise for exportation. (a) Direct exportation. Any merchandise in a zone may be exported... territory for exportation at the port where the zone is located, will be made under an entry for immediate...

19 CFR 146.67 - Transfer of merchandise for exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) FOREIGN TRADE ZONES Transfer of Merchandise From a Zone § 146.67 Transfer of merchandise for exportation. (a) Direct exportation. Any merchandise in a zone may be exported... territory for exportation at the port where the zone is located, will be made under an entry for immediate...

Export Management Specialist. A Training Program. Instructor's Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oklahoma State Dept. of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.

This publication provides instructors with materials for an export management specialist (EMS) training program. The objective of the training program is to assist companies in reaching their export goals by educating current and potential managers about the basics of exporting. It provides a foundation for considering international trade and for…

Piedmont Export Expansion Program Monograph: A Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Ralph W., Jr.; Peniche, Eduardo A.

The Piedmont Export Expansion Program (PEEP) was developed to increase the number of businesses in central Virginia entering or expanding export trade; to increase the utilization of the services of Central Virginia Community College's (CVCC's) Cross-Cultural and Foreign Language Resource Center by area export businesses; to increase the number of…

Appalachian Regional Transportation and Export Data System.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

The objective of this project was to develop the Appalachian Regional Transportation and Export Data System (ARTEDS). The system provides a tool which allows the ARC Export Trade Advisory Council (ETAC) members to access PIERS Data. The system is int...

Interactions between domestic and export markets for softwood lumber and plywood: tests of six hypotheses.

Treesearch

David R. Darr

1981-01-01

Price formation in export markets and available data on export and domestic markets are discussed. The results of tests of several hypotheses about interactions between domestic and export markets are presented and interpreted from the standpoints of trade promotion and trade policy.

The export premium: why some logs are worth more abroad.

Treesearch

Donald F. Flora; Wendy J. McGinnis; Christine L. Lane

1993-01-01

For as long as logs have been exported from the Pacific Northwest, they seem to have been worth more offshore than in the domestic market. Five reasons for the export premium are the inconvenience of trade, quality, extra "haul and hassle," continuity in export arrangements, and export embargoes. A large and increasing differential remains between export and...

15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

15 CFR 754.5 - Horses for export by sea.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Horses for export by sea. 754.5... CONTROLS § 754.5 Horses for export by sea. (a) License requirement. As indicated by the letters “SS” in the... No. 1 to part 774 of the EAR) a license is required for the export of horses exported by sea to all...

U.S. Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-22

countries, long involved in dependent economic relationships, appear content to take a cautious path toward any new trade arrangement with the United...Service Contents U.S. Preferential Trade Programs and the Caribbean Region.......................................................1 Background...finished products may then re-export them back to the United States, with duties levied only on the value added abroad (no tariff on U.S. content ).3

Investment Incentives and the Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Evidence from Zambia

PubMed Central

Drope, Jeffrey; Labonte, Ronald; Zulu, Richard; Goma, Fastone

2016-01-01

Purpose Policy misalignment across different sectors of government serves as one of the pivotal barriers to WHO Framework convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation. This paper examines the logic used by government officials to justify providing investment incentives to increase tobacco processing and manufacturing in the context of FCTC implementation in Zambia. Methods We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with key informants from government, civil society and intergovernmental economic organizations (n=23). We supplemented the interview data with an analysis of public documents pertaining to economic development policy in Zambia. Results We found gross misalignments between the policies of the economic sector and efforts to implement the provisions of the FCTC. Our interviews uncovered the rationale used by officials in the economic sector to justify providing economic incentives to bolster tobacco processing and manufacturing in Zambia: 1) tobacco is not consumed by Zambians/tobacco is an export commodity, 2) economic benefits outweigh health costs, and 3) tobacco consumption is a personal choice. Conclusions Much of the struggle Zambia has experienced implementing the FCTC can be attributed to misalignments between the economic and health sectors. Zambia’s development agenda seeks to bolster agricultural processing and manufacturing. Tobacco control proponents must understand and work within this context of economic development in order to foster productive strategies with those working on tobacco supply issues. These findings are broadly applicable to the global analysis on the barriers and facilitators of FCTC implementation. It is important that the Ministry of Health monitors the tobacco policy of other sectors and engages with these sectors to find ways of harmonizing FCTC implementation across sectors. PMID:26135987

Resource nationalism in Indonesia—Effects of the 2014 mineral export ban

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lederer, Graham W.

2016-09-27

Resource nationalism encompasses a broad range of political and economic actions taken by Governments to regulate the extraction of natural resources within their borders. Policies such as increased tariffs or export restrictions can have far-reaching economic effects on international trade. As the Governments of several developing countries consider enacting nationalistic policies, an examination of the 2014 mineral export ban in Indonesia provides an instructive example of the possible impacts of resource nationalism. Significant changes in the production and trade of unprocessed (that is, ores and concentrates) and processed (that is, refined metal) aluminum, copper, and nickel before and after the export ban form the basis of this study.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Minerals Information Center (NMIC) tracks production and trade of mineral commodities between producer and consumer countries. Materials flow studies clarify the effects of an export ban on different mineral commodities by assessing changes in production, processing capacity, and trade. Using extensive data collection and monitoring procedures, the USGS NMIC investigated the effects of resource nationalism on the flow of mineral commodities from Indonesia to the global economy.

The potential impact on farmer health of enhanced export horticultural trade between the U.K. and Uganda.

PubMed

Cross, Paul; Edwards, Rhiannon T; Nyeko, Philip; Edwards-Jones, Gareth

2009-05-01

The export of vegetables from African countries to European markets presents consumers with an ethical dilemma: should they support local, but relatively well-off farmers, or poorer farmers from distant countries? This paper considers the issue of farm worker health in the U.K. and Uganda, and considers the dilemma facing U.K. consumers if Uganda achieves their aim of exporting more vegetables to the U.K. Self-reported health scores of 1,200 farm workers in the U.K. and Uganda were measured with the internationally recognised SF-36 questionnaire and compared to an international population norm. The age-corrected health status of U.K. farm workers was significantly lower than the population norm, whereas Ugandans scored significantly higher (indicating good health) for physical health and lower for mental health. If Ugandan produce enters U.K. markets, then consumers may wish to consider both the potential benefits that enhanced trade could offer Ugandan farmers compared with its impacts on U.K. workers.

22 CFR 126.14 - Special comprehensive export authorizations for NATO, Australia, and Japan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., Australia, Japan, and Sweden, the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may provide the comprehensive... a commercial export endeavor including the needed defense exports can be well anticipated and... authorization. With respect to NATO members, Australia, Japan, and Sweden, the Directorate of Defense Trade...

27 CFR 28.295 - Exception for export of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... beer. 28.295 Section 28.295 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Alternate Procedures § 28.295 Exception for export of beer. The provisions of this subpart do not apply in the case of beer when the exporter or claimant obtains proof of exportation other than certification...

27 CFR 28.295 - Exception for export of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... beer. 28.295 Section 28.295 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Alternate Procedures § 28.295 Exception for export of beer. The provisions of this subpart do not apply in the case of beer when the exporter or claimant obtains proof of exportation other than certification...

27 CFR 28.295 - Exception for export of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... beer. 28.295 Section 28.295 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Alternate Procedures § 28.295 Exception for export of beer. The provisions of this subpart do not apply in the case of beer when the exporter or claimant obtains proof of exportation other than certification...

27 CFR 28.295 - Exception for export of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... beer. 28.295 Section 28.295 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Alternate Procedures § 28.295 Exception for export of beer. The provisions of this subpart do not apply in the case of beer when the exporter or claimant obtains proof of exportation other than certification...

27 CFR 28.295 - Exception for export of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... beer. 28.295 Section 28.295 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Alternate Procedures § 28.295 Exception for export of beer. The provisions of this subpart do not apply in the case of beer when the exporter or claimant obtains proof of exportation other than certification...

International Trade in Environmental Protection Equipment: An Assessment of Existing Data (1993)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Study estimates total U.S. imports, exports, and trade balances for environmental protection (EP) equipment between 1980-1991. While the United States is a major exporter of EP equipment, trade in EP equipment constitutes a small percent of total US trade.

15 CFR 30.9 - Transmitting and correcting Electronic Export Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Transmitting and correcting Electronic Export Information. 30.9 Section 30.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS General Requirements...

Quantifying the potential export flows of used electronic products in Macau: a case study of PCs.

PubMed

Yu, Danfeng; Song, Qingbin; Wang, Zhishi; Li, Jinhui; Duan, Huabo; Wang, Jinben; Wang, Chao; Wang, Xu

2017-12-01

The used electronic product (UEP) has attracted the worldwide attentions because part of e-waste may be exported from developed countries to developing countries in the name of UEP. On the basis of large foreign trade data of electronic products (e-products), this study adopted the trade data approach (TDA) to quantify the potential exports of UEP in Macau, taking a case study of personal computers (PCs). The results show that the desktop mainframes, LCD monitors, and CRT monitors have more low-unit-value trades with higher trade volumes in the past 10 years, while the laptop and tablet PCs, as the newer technologies, owned the higher ratios of the high-unit-value trades. During the period of 2005-2015, the total mean exports for used laptop and tablet PCs, desktop mainframes, and LCD monitors were approximately 18,592, 79,957, and 43,177 units, respectively, while the possible export volume of used CRT monitors was higher, up to 430,098 units in 2000-2010. Noticed that these potential export volumes could be the lower bound because not all used PCs may be shipped using the PC trade code. For all the four kinds of used PCs, the majority (61.6-98.82%) of the export volumes have gone to Hong Kong, followed by Mainland China and Taiwan. Since 2011, there was no CRT monitor export; however, the other kinds of used PC exports will still exist in Macau in the future. The outcomes are helpful to understand and manage the current export situations of used products in Macau, and can also provide a reference for other countries and regions.

15 CFR 730.5 - Coverage of more than exports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., shipments from a U.S. foreign trade zone, and the electronic transmission of non-public data that will be... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Coverage of more than exports. 730.5 Section 730.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2003-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2003-01-01 2003-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2008-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2008-01-01 2008-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2004-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2004-01-01 2004-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2005-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2005-01-01 2005-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2007-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2007-01-01 2007-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2006-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2006-01-01 2006-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2009-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2009-01-01 2009-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

15 CFR 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 772.1 Section 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS DEFINITION...

Illicit cigarette trade in Thailand.

PubMed

Pavananunt, Pirudee

2011-11-01

The sale and consumption of illicit tobacco increases consumption, impacts public health, reduces tax revenue and provides an argument against tax increases. Thailand has some of the best tobacco control policies in Southeast Asia with one of the highest tobacco tax rates, but illicit trade has the potential to undermine these policies and needs investigating. Two approaches were used to assess illicit trade between 1991 and 2006: method 1, comparison of tobacco used based on tobacco taxes paid and survey data, and method 2, discrepancies between export data from countries exporting tobacco to Thailand and Thai official data regarding imports. A three year average was used to smooth differences due to lags between exports and imports. For 1991-2006, the estimated manufactured cigarette consumption from survey data was considerably lower than sales tax paid, so method 1 did not provide evidence of cigarette tax avoidance. Using method 2 the trade difference between reported imports and exports, indicates 10% of cigarettes consumed in Thailand (242 million packs per year) between 2004 and 2006 were illicit. The loss of revenue amounted to 4,508 million Baht (2002 prices) in the same year, that was 14% of the total cigarette tax revenue. Cigarette excise tax rates had a negative relationship with consumption trends but no relation with the level of illicit trade. There is a need for improved policies against smuggling to combat the rise in illicit tobacco consumption. Regional coordination and implementation of protocols on illicit trade would help reduce incentives for illegal tax avoidance.

ILLICIT CIGARETTE TRADE IN THAILAND

PubMed Central

Pavananunt, Pirudee

2012-01-01

The sale and consumption of illicit tobacco increases consumption, impacts public health, reduces tax revenue and provides an argument against tax increases. Thailand has some of the best tobacco control policies in Southeast Asia with one of the highest tobacco tax rates, but illicit trade has the potential to undermine these policies and needs investigating. Two approaches were used to assess illicit trade between 1991 and 2006: method 1, comparison of tobacco used based on tobacco taxes paid and survey data, and method 2, discrepancies between export data from countries exporting tobacco to Thailand and Thai official data regarding imports. A three year average was used to smooth differences due to lags between exports and imports. For 1991–2006, the estimated manufactured cigarette consumption from survey data was considerably lower than sales tax paid, so method 1 did not provide evidence of cigarette tax avoidance. Using method 2 the trade difference between reported imports and exports, indicates 10% of cigarettes consumed in Thailand (242 million packs per year) between 2004 and 2006 were illicit. The loss of revenue amounted to 4,508 million Baht (2002 prices) in the same year, that was 14% of the total cigarette tax revenue. Cigarette excise tax rates had a negative relationship with consumption trends but no relation with the level of illicit trade. There is a need for improved policies against smuggling to combat the rise in illicit tobacco consumption. Regional coordination and implementation of protocols on illicit trade would help reduce incentives for illegal tax avoidance. PMID:22299425

15 CFR Supplement No. 3 to Part 754 - Statutory Provisions Dealing With Exports of Crude Oil

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statutory Provisions Dealing With Exports of Crude Oil No. Supplement No. 3 to Part 754 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT...

The trade of virtual water: do property rights matter?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Ankai

2016-04-01

My paper examines the determinants of the virtual water trade - embodied in the trade of agriculture products - by estimating a structural gravity model. In particular, it tests the relationship between property rights and the export of water-intensive agricultural products based on water footprint data in Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011, 2012). Using two different measures of property rights protection, I show that countries with weaker property rights have an apparent comparative advantage in the trade of water-intensive products. After controlling for the economic size, natural resource endowments, and possible effects of reverse causality, the trade flow of virtual water is negatively and significantly correlated with the property rights index of the exporting country. Holding other factors constant, one point increase in the property rights index of a country is associated with a 24% - 36% decrease in its virtual water export, whereas a 1% increase in the natural resource protection index of a country is associated with a 16% decrease in its virtual water export. This paper is the first empirical work that tests the relationship between property rights and trade of water-intensive products, offering a new perceptive in the debate of virtual water trade. The findings provide a possible explanation on the paradoxical evidence that some countries with scarce water resources export water-intensive products. The result is important not only in terms of its theoretical relevance, but also its policy implications. As prescribed by the model of trade and property rights, when countries with weaker property rights open to international trade, they are more likely to over-exploit and thus expedite the depletion of natural resources.

International Trade: A Small Business Primer. Growing Businesses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Axtell, Roger E.

The United States' declining share of world trade is connected with the fact that hundreds of thousands of medium- and small-sized businesses are ignoring trade and exports. The cure for their fear of the unknown is information and education. Exports have a number of advantages: increased profits, spread of overhead costs, smooth seasonal…

A Study of Comparative Advantage and Intra-Industry Trade in the Pharmaceutical Industry of Iran.

PubMed

Yusefzadeh, Hassan; Rezapour, Aziz; Lotfi, Farhad; Ebadifard Azar, Farbod; Nabilo, Bahram; Abolghasem Gorji, Hassan; Hadian, Mohammad; Shahidisadeghi, Niusha; Karami, Atiyeh

2015-04-23

Drug costs in Iran accounts for about 30% of the total health care expenditure. Moreover, pharmaceutical business lies among the world's greatest businesses. The aim of this study was to analyze Iran's comparative advantage and intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals so that suitable policies can be developed and implemented in order to boost Iran's trade in this field. To identify Iran's comparative advantage in pharmaceuticals, trade specialization, export propensity, import penetration and Balassa and Vollrath indexes were calculated and the results were compared with other pharmaceutical exporting countries. The extent and growth of Iran's intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals were measured and evaluated using the Grubel-Lloyd and Menon-Dixon indexes. The required data was obtained from Iran's Customs Administration, Iran's pharmaceutical Statistics, World Bank and International Trade Center. The results showed that among pharmaceutical exporting countries, Iran has a high level of comparative disadvantage in pharmaceutical products because it holds a small share in world's total pharmaceutical exports. Also, the low extent of bilateral intra-industry trade between Iran and its trading partners in pharmaceuticals shows the trading model of Iran's pharmaceutical industry is mostly inter-industry trade rather than intra-industry trade. In addition, the growth of Iran's intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals is due to its shares of imports from pharmaceutical exporting countries to Iran and exports from Iran to its neighboring countries. The results of the analysis can play a valuable role in helping pharmaceutical companies and policy makers to boost pharmaceutical trade.

Targeted opportunities to address the climate-trade dilemma in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhu; Davis, Steven J.; Feng, Kuishuang; Hubacek, Klaus; Liang, Sai; Anadon, Laura Diaz; Chen, Bin; Liu, Jingru; Yan, Jinyue; Guan, Dabo

2016-02-01

International trade has become the fastest growing driver of global carbon emissions, with large quantities of emissions embodied in exports from emerging economies. International trade with emerging economies poses a dilemma for climate and trade policy: to the extent emerging markets have comparative advantages in manufacturing, such trade is economically efficient and desirable. However, if carbon-intensive manufacturing in emerging countries such as China entails drastically more CO2 emissions than making the same product elsewhere, then trade increases global CO2 emissions. Here we show that the emissions embodied in Chinese exports, which are larger than the annual emissions of Japan or Germany, are primarily the result of China’s coal-based energy mix and the very high emissions intensity (emission per unit of economic value) in a few provinces and industry sectors. Exports from these provinces and sectors therefore represent targeted opportunities to address the climate-trade dilemma by either improving production technologies and decarbonizing the underlying energy systems or else reducing trade volumes.

19 CFR 10.38 - Exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... exportation entry. In such cases Customs Form 3495 shall be filed in triplicate. Articles entered under a... samples were entered under subheading 9813.00.20, HTSUS, or professional equipment or tools of trade were...

Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals.

PubMed

Smith, Richard D; Correa, Carlos; Oh, Cecilia

2009-02-21

The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) set global minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property, substantially increasing and expanding intellectual-property rights, and generated clear gains for the pharmaceutical industry and the developed world. The question of whether TRIPS generates gains for developing countries, in the form of increased exports, is addressed in this paper through consideration of the importance of pharmaceuticals in health-care trade, outlining the essential requirements, implications, and issues related to TRIPS, and TRIPS-plus, in which increased restrictions are imposed as part of bilateral free-trade agreements. TRIPS has not generated substantial gains for developing countries, but has further increased pharmaceutical trade in developed countries. The unequal trade between developed and developing countries (ie, exporting and importing high-value patented drugs, respectively) raises the issue of access to medicines, which is exacerbated by TRIPS-plus provisions, although many countries have not even enacted provision for TRIPS flexibilities. Therefore this paper focuses on options that are available to the health community for negotiation to their advantage under TRIPS, and within the presence of TRIPS-plus.

78 FR 44535 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC) Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods and services export...

A Study of Comparative Advantage and Intra-Industry Trade in the Pharmaceutical Industry of Iran

PubMed Central

Yusefzadeh, Hassan; Rezapour, Aziz; Lotfi, Farhad; Azar, Farbod Ebadifard; Nabilo, Bahram; Gorji, Hassan Abolghasem; Hadian, Mohammad; Shahidisadeghi, Niusha; Karami, Atiyeh

2015-01-01

Background: Drug costs in Iran accounts for about 30% of the total health care expenditure. Moreover, pharmaceutical business lies among the world’s greatest businesses. The aim of this study was to analyze Iran’s comparative advantage and intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals so that suitable policies can be developed and implemented in order to boost Iran’s trade in this field. Methods: To identify Iran’s comparative advantage in pharmaceuticals, trade specialization, export propensity, import penetration and Balassa and Vollrath indexes were calculated and the results were compared with other pharmaceutical exporting countries. The extent and growth of Iran’s intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals were measured and evaluated using the Grubel-Lloyd and Menon-Dixon indexes. The required data was obtained from Iran’s Customs Administration, Iran’s pharmaceutical Statistics, World Bank and International Trade Center. Results: The results showed that among pharmaceutical exporting countries, Iran has a high level of comparative disadvantage in pharmaceutical products because it holds a small share in world’s total pharmaceutical exports. Also, the low extent of bilateral intra-industry trade between Iran and its trading partners in pharmaceuticals shows the trading model of Iran’s pharmaceutical industry is mostly inter-industry trade rather than intra-industry trade. In addition, the growth of Iran’s intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals is due to its shares of imports from pharmaceutical exporting countries to Iran and exports from Iran to its neighboring countries. Conclusions: The results of the analysis can play a valuable role in helping pharmaceutical companies and policy makers to boost pharmaceutical trade. PMID:26153184

Leprosy trends in Zambia 1991-2009.

PubMed

Kapata, Nathan; Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina; Grobusch, Martin Peter; O'Grady, Justin; Bates, Matthew; Mwaba, Peter; Zumla, Alimuddin

2012-10-01

To document leprosy trends in Zambia over the past two decades to ascertain the importance of leprosy as a health problem in Zambia. Retrospective study covering the period 1991-2009 of routine national leprosy surveillance data, published national programme review reports and desk reviews of in-country TB reports. Data reports were available for all the years under study apart from years 2001, 2002 and 2006. The Leprosy case notification rates (CNR) declined from 2.73/10 000 population in 1991 to 0.43/10 000 population in 2009. The general leprosy burden showed a downward trend for both adults and children. Leprosy case burden dropped from approximately 18 000 cases in 1980 to only about 1000 cases in 1996, and by the year 2000, the prevalence rates had fallen to 0.67/10 000 population. There were more multibacillary cases of leprosy than pauci-bacillary cases. Several major gaps in data recording, entry and surveillance were identified. Data on disaggregation by gender, HIV status or geographical origin were not available. Whilst Zambia has achieved WHO targets for leprosy control, leprosy prevalence data from Zambia may not reflect real situation because of poor data recording and surveillance. Greater investment into infrastructure and training are required for more accurate surveillance of leprosy in Zambia. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

China's international trade and air pollution: 2000 - 2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ni, Ruijing; Lin, Jintai; Pan, Da; Wang, Jingxu; Yan, Yingying; Zhang, Qiang

2016-04-01

As the world's top trading country, China is now the most polluted country. However, a large portion of pollution produced in China is associated with its production of goods for foreign consumption via international trade. Along with China's rapid economic growth in recent years, its economic-trade structure and volume has been changing all the time, resulting in large changes in total emissions and the shares of trade-related emissions. Here, we assess the influence of China's changing total and export-related emissions between 2000 and 2009 on its atmospheric pollution loadings and transport, by exploiting simulations of a global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. We find that both air pollution related to Chinese exports (PRE) which including nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC), and primary organic aerosol (POA), and its share in total Chinese pollution have experienced continuous rapid growth until 2007, exposing more and more people to severely polluted air. After 2007, PRE decreases due to strengthened emission controls accompanied by declined exports as a result of the global financial crisis. Although production for exports contribute less than 35% SO2 over China in any year, the increasing trend of trade-related SO2 contributes 51% of integral trend. The changing PRE of China also affects its downwind regions such as the western United States. The contribution of export-related Chinese pollution to surface sulfate concentrations over the western United States has increased from 3% in 2000 to 12% in 2007. Overall, we find that the interannual variation of trade and associated production is a critical factor driving the trend of pollution over China and its downwind regions.

78 FR 75337 - Eos LNG LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

... Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non-Free Trade...- contract authorization to export LNG produced from domestic sources in a volume equivalent to approximately... treatment for trade in natural gas (non-FTA countries) with which trade is not prohibited by U.S. law or...

78 FR 75339 - Barca LNG LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

... Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non-Free Trade...- contract authorization to export LNG produced from domestic sources in a volume equivalent to approximately... treatment for trade in natural gas (non-FTA countries) with which trade is not prohibited by U.S. law or...

15 CFR § 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2017-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2017-01-01 2017-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). § 772.1 Section § 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS...

15 CFR § 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2018-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2018-01-01 2018-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). § 772.1 Section § 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS...

15 CFR § 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2015-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2015-01-01 2015-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). § 772.1 Section § 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS...

15 CFR § 772.1 - Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2016-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2016-01-01 2016-01-01 false Definitions of terms as used in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). § 772.1 Section § 772.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS...

Trading forests: land-use change and carbon emissions embodied in production and exports of forest-risk commodities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henders, Sabine; Persson, U. Martin; Kastner, Thomas

2015-12-01

Production of commercial agricultural commodities for domestic and foreign markets is increasingly driving land clearing in tropical regions, creating links and feedback effects between geographically separated consumption and production locations. Such teleconnections are commonly studied through calculating consumption footprints and quantifying environmental impacts embodied in trade flows, e.g., virtual water and land, biomass, or greenhouse gas emissions. The extent to which land-use change (LUC) and associated carbon emissions are embodied in the production and export of agricultural commodities has been less studied. Here we quantify tropical deforestation area and carbon emissions from LUC induced by the production and the export of four commodities (beef, soybeans, palm oil, and wood products) in seven countries with high deforestation rates (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea). We show that in the period 2000-2011, the production of the four analyzed commodities in our seven case countries was responsible for 40% of total tropical deforestation and resulting carbon losses. Over a third of these impacts was embodied in exports in 2011, up from a fifth in 2000. This trend highlights the growing influence of global markets in deforestation dynamics. Main flows of embodied LUC are Latin American beef and soybean exports to markets in Europe, China, the former Soviet bloc, the Middle East and Northern Africa, whereas embodied emission flows are dominated by Southeast Asian exports of palm oil and wood products to consumers in China, India and the rest of Asia, as well as to the European Union. Our findings illustrate the growing role that global consumers play in tropical LUC trajectories and highlight the need for demand-side policies covering whole supply chains. We also discuss the limitations of such demand-side measures and call for a combination of supply- and demand-side policies to effectively limit tropical

15 CFR 30.60 - Confidentiality of Electronic Export Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Confidentiality of Electronic Export... § 30.60 Confidentiality of Electronic Export Information. (a) Confidential status. The EEI collected... in any form including but not limited to electronic transmission, paper printout, or certified...

15 CFR 30.60 - Confidentiality of Electronic Export Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Confidentiality of Electronic Export... § 30.60 Confidentiality of Electronic Export Information. (a) Confidential status. The EEI collected... in any form including but not limited to electronic transmission, paper printout, or certified...

15 CFR 30.60 - Confidentiality of Electronic Export Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Confidentiality of Electronic Export... § 30.60 Confidentiality of Electronic Export Information. (a) Confidential status. The EEI collected... in any form including but not limited to electronic transmission, paper printout, or certified...

50 CFR 21.21 - Import and export permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)). (b) Exception to the import permit... bird or birds in, and exported them from, the country of origin. This evidence must include a hunting license and any export documentation required by the country of origin. You must keep these documents with...

50 CFR 21.21 - Import and export permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)). (b) Exception to the import permit... bird or birds in, and exported them from, the country of origin. This evidence must include a hunting license and any export documentation required by the country of origin. You must keep these documents with...

50 CFR 21.21 - Import and export permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)). (b) Exception to the import permit... bird or birds in, and exported them from, the country of origin. This evidence must include a hunting license and any export documentation required by the country of origin. You must keep these documents with...

Arab-American trade: performance and prospects. [With oil group and non-oil group countries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Al-Bustany, B.

1980-03-01

Twenty Arab countries were examined by dividing them into two groups depending on the relative share of oil exports (excluding re-exports) in total exports as an annual average for 1972-1978, with a demarcation line of 50%. The oil group (OG) comprises eight countries while the non-oil group covers twelve countries. The level of Arab exports and imports increased during the period between 1972 and 1978. Oil was the dominant export but NOG countries diversified with exports of cotton and phosphate. The balance of trade of the Arab countries was positive during this period despite the persistent, and increasing, deficit ofmore » the NOG countries, Combined Arab-American trade increased substantially during the 1970's but particularly after 1974. Oil has been the major factor affecting the size and pattern of Arab-American trade. Export earnings of the OG increased while import capacity of the NOG, supported by increased financial aid received from the OG, also increased. The American balance of trade will continue to be closely linked to Arab influence. (SAC)« less

Potential Transportation Impacts of Expanded U.S.-Cuba Trade, Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-02-02

Before 1960, the United States and Cuba were major trading partners. At that time, Cuba was the seventh largest export market for U.S. products. In the years since then, U.S. trade with Cuba has been highly regulated. Exports have been mostly prohibi...

77 FR 25961 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC) Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-02

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods and services export policies...

Mental illness--stigma and discrimination in Zambia.

PubMed

Kapungwe, A; Cooper, S; Mwanza, J; Mwape, L; Sikwese, A; Kakuma, R; Lund, C; Flisher, A J

2010-07-01

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the presence, causes and means of addressing individual and systemic stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness in Zambia. This is to facilitate the development of tailor-made antistigma initiatives that are culturally sensitive for Zambia and other low-income African countries. This is the first in-depth study on mental illness stigma in Zambia. Fifty semi-structured interviews and 6 focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders drawn from 3 districts in Zambia (Lusaka, Kabwe and Sinazongwe). Transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Mental illness stigma and discrimination is pervasive across Zambian society, prevailing within the general community, amongst family members, amid general and mental health care providers, and at the level of government. Such stigma appears to be fuelled by misunderstandings of mental illness aetiology; fears of contagion and the perceived dangerousness of people with mental illness; and associations between HIV/AIDS and mental illness. Strategies suggested for reducing stigma and discrimination in Zambia included education campaigns, the transformation of mental health policy and legislation and expanding the social and economic opportunities of the mentally ill. In Zambia, as in many other low-income African countries, very little attention is devoted to addressing the negative beliefs and behaviours surrounding mental illness, despite the devastating costs that ensue. The results from this study underscore the need for greater commitment from governments and policy-makers in African countries to start prioritizing mental illness stigma as a major public health and development issue.

77 FR 29314 - Meeting of the President's Export Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-17

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Meeting of the President's Export Council AGENCY: International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of an open... Webcast on the Internet at http://whitehouse.gov/live . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tricia Van Orden...

15 CFR 720.2 - Initiation of administrative action denying export privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Initiation of administrative action denying export privileges. 720.2 Section 720.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS...

15 CFR 720.2 - Initiation of administrative action denying export privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Initiation of administrative action denying export privileges. 720.2 Section 720.2 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS...

Distribution and phenology of ixodid ticks in southern Zambia.

PubMed

Speybroeck, N; Madder, M; Van Den Bossche, P; Mtambo, J; Berkvens, N; Chaka, G; Mulumba, M; Brandt, J; Tirry, L; Berkvens, D

2002-12-01

Distribution data for epidemiologically important ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Southern Province of Zambia, one of the main cattle areas of the country, are presented. Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) was not recorded in southern Zambia, whereas Boophilus decoloratus (Koch) is present throughout the area. New distribution patterns for less economically important ixodid ticks are also discussed. Southern Zambia is a transition zone because it is the most northern area in Africa where mixed Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis Walker, Norval & Corwin populations were reported. Although a second generation of adult R. appendiculatus/R. zamnbeziensis was encountered, simulations indicated that this phenomenon is very rare in southern Zambia, mainly because of the colder temperatures during the early dry season and lower rainfall. These simulations were supported by a development trial under experimental conditions. Tick body size measurements showed that southern Zambian ticks are larger than eastern Zambian R. appendiculatus. It is hypothesized that body size is related to diapausing intensity in this species. The epidemiological consequences are that a different approach to control Theileria parva (Theiler) (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) and other tick-borne diseases is needed in southern Zambia, compared to the one adopted in eastern Zambia.

19 CFR 351.519 - Remission or drawback of import charges upon export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... export. 351.519 Section 351.519 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... Remission or drawback of import charges upon export. (a) Benefit—(1) In general. The term “remission or... import charges. In the case of the remission or drawback of import charges upon export, a benefit exists...

77 FR 46717 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-06

... Competition and Economic Analysis (``OCEA'') of the International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce... and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, (202) 482-5131 (this is not a toll-free... of Competition and Economic Analysis. [FR Doc. 2012-19117 Filed 8-3-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510-DR...

The asymmetric impact of natural disasters on China's bilateral trade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Y.; Yang, S.; Shi, P.; Jeager, C. C.

2015-10-01

Globalization and technological revolutions are making the world more interconnected. International trade is an important approach linking the world. Since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan shocked the global supply chain, more attention has been paid to the global impact of large-scale disasters. China is the second largest trader in the world and faces frequent natural disasters. Therefore, this study proposes a gravity model for China's bilateral trade tailored to national circumstances and estimates the impact of natural disasters in China and trading partner countries on Chinese imports and exports. We analyzed Chinese and trading partner statistical data from 1980 to 2012. Study results show the following: (1) China's natural disasters have a positive impact on exports but have no significant impact on imports; (2) trading partner countries' natural disasters reduce Chinese imports and exports; (3) both development level and land area of the partners are important in determining the intensity of natural disaster impacts on China's bilateral trade. The above findings suggest that the impact of natural disasters on trade is asymmetric and significantly affected by other factors, which demand further study.

The asymmetric impact of natural disasters on China's bilateral trade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Y.; Shi, P.; Yang, S.; Jeager, C. C.

2015-03-01

Globalization and technological revolutions are making the world more interconnected. International trade is one of the major approaches linking the world. Since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan shocked the global supply chain, more attention has been paid to the global impact of large-scale disasters. China is the second largest trader in the world and faces the most frequent natural disasters. Therefore, this study proposes a gravity model for China's bilateral trade tailored to national circumstances, and estimates the impact of natural disasters in China and trading partner countries on Chinese imports and exports. We analyzed Chinese and trading partner statistical data from 1980 to 2012. Study results show that: (1) China's natural disasters have a positive impact on imports, but have no significant impact on exports, (2) trading partner countries' natural disasters reduce Chinese imports and exports, (3) both development level and land area of the partners are important in determining the intensity of natural disaster impacts on China's bilateral trade. The above findings suggest that the impact of natural disasters on trade is asymmetric and significantly affected by other factors, which demand further study.

The effects of NAFTA expansion on US forest products exports.

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon

1997-01-01

When Mexico began liberalizing its domestic market and foreign trade a decade ago, the U.S. Government hoped U.S. exporters would gain easier access to the Nation's third most important foreign market, after Japan and Canada. Having just completed a free trade accord with Canada, U.S. trade officials sought to solidify changes in Mexico and encourage further...

Balance of trade: export-import in family medicine.

PubMed

Pust, Ronald E

2007-01-01

North American family physicians leaving for less-developed countries (LDCs) may not be aware of internationally validated diagnostic and treatment technologies originating in LDCs. Thus they may bring with them inappropriate models and methods of medical care. More useful "exports" are based in sharing our collaborative vocational perspective with dedicated indigenous generalist clinicians who serve their communities. More specifically, Western doctors abroad can promote local reanalyses of international evidence-based medicine (EBM) studies, efficient deployment of scarce clinical resources, and a family medicine/generalist career ladder, ultimately reversing the "brain drain" from LDCs. Balancing these exports, we should import the growing number of EBM best practices originated in World Health Organization and other LDCs research that are applicable in developed nations. Many generalist colleagues, expatriate and indigenous, with long-term LDC experience stand ready to help us import these practices and perspectives.

Virtual water exported from Californian agriculture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nicholas, K. A.; Johansson, E. L.

2015-12-01

In an increasingly teleconnected world, international trade drives the exchange of virtual land and water as crops produced in one region are consumed in another. In theory, this can be an optimal use of scarce resources if crops are grown where they can most efficiently be produced. Several recent analyses examine the export of land and water from food production in developing countries where these resources may be more abundant. Here we focus on a developed region and examine the virtual export of land and water from California, the leading agricultural state in the US and the leading global producer of a wide range of fruit, nut, and other specialty crops. As the region faces a serious, ongoing drought, water use is being questioned, and water policy governance re-examined, particularly in the agricultural sector which uses over three-quarters of water appropriations in the state. We look at the blue water embodied in the most widely grown crops in California and use network analysis to examine the trading patterns for flows of virtual land and water. We identify the main crops and export partners representing the majority of water exports. Considered in the context of tradeoffs for land and water resources, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for food production systems to play a sustainable role in meeting human needs while protecting the life-support systems of the planet.

76 FR 52935 - President's Export Council, Subcommittee on Export Administration; Notice of Open Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

... with all countries with which the United States has diplomatic or trading relations and of controlling... and Vice Chair. 2. Export Control Reform Update. 3. Presentation of Papers or Comments by the Public. 4. Review of Field Hearing. 5. Status of 2011 Workplan. 6. Discussion of 2012 Workplan. 7...

15 CFR 30.6 - Electronic Export Information data elements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... elements. 30.6 Section 30.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade... Electronic Export Information data elements. The information specified in this section is required for shipments transmitted to the AES. The data elements identified as “mandatory” shall be reported for each...

15 CFR 1300.1 - Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... nonmarket economy countries. 1300.1 Section 1300.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to... § 1300.1 Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries. (a) For purposes of complying... the export of technology to a nonmarket economy country, exporters of such technology shall be deemed...

15 CFR 1300.1 - Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... nonmarket economy countries. 1300.1 Section 1300.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to... § 1300.1 Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries. (a) For purposes of complying... the export of technology to a nonmarket economy country, exporters of such technology shall be deemed...

15 CFR 1300.1 - Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... nonmarket economy countries. 1300.1 Section 1300.1 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to... § 1300.1 Reporting of exports of technology to nonmarket economy countries. (a) For purposes of complying... the export of technology to a nonmarket economy country, exporters of such technology shall be deemed...

75 FR 41276 - Notice of Meeting of the Industry Trade Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business (ITAC-11)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

.../Retaliation Issue --U.S.-China Trade Issues, including China Currency, Export Subsidies, Indigenous Innovation, IPR, and other issues. --Trade Promotion --Export Finance Myesha T. Ward, Acting Assistant U.S. Trade...

77 FR 31151 - World Trade Week, 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-24

... Trade Week, 2012 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation America has always been... by Americans. During World Trade Week, we reaffirm the essential role exports play in creating jobs... of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 20 through May 26, 2012, as World Trade Week. I...

15 CFR 30.71 - False or fraudulent reporting on or misuse of the Automated Export System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false False or fraudulent reporting on or misuse of the Automated Export System. 30.71 Section 30.71 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations... REGULATIONS Penalties § 30.71 False or fraudulent reporting on or misuse of the Automated Export System. (a...

From deficit to surplus: An econometric analysis of US trade balance in forest products

Treesearch

Daowei Zhang; Ying Lin; Jeffrey P. Prestemon

2017-01-01

Although the US trade deficit has persisted since 1975, the country changed in 2009 from a net importer to a net exporter of forest products, emerging as the world's largest exporter of forest products. Drawing on recent data, we model the real dollar value of US exports, imports, and the trade balance in forest products to identify factors likely to explain this...

78 FR 21909 - Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee; Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Environmental Technologies Trade... meeting of the Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC). DATES: The teleconference....S. exports of environmental technologies, goods, services, and products. The ETTAC was originally...

76 FR 77776 - Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Environmental Technologies Trade... meeting of the Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC). DATES: The teleconference.... exports of environmental technologies, goods, services, and products. The ETTAC was originally chartered...

The Emergence of China in the Middle East (Strategic Forum, Number 271, December 2011)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

of Iran, China’s arms trading activity goes beyond simple transactions to include transfer of designs, manufacturing techniques, and technology. A...benefited the region’s oil-exporting gov- ernments as well as consumers in the form of lower prices for imported Chinese goods. However, local nontechnical...receive any benefits in the form of jobs or monetary compensation.23 Similar dynamics have surfaced in other developing countries such as Zambia and

International trade in meat: the tip of the pork chop.

PubMed

Galloway, James N; Burke, Marshall; Bradford, G Eric; Naylor, Rosamond; Falcon, Walter; Chapagain, Ashok K; Gaskell, Joanne C; McCullough, Ellen; Mooney, Harold A; Oleson, Kirsten L L; Steinfeld, Henning; Wassenaar, Tom; Smil, Vaclav

2007-12-01

This paper provides an original account of global land, water, and nitrogen use in support of industrialized livestock production and trade, with emphasis on two of the fastest-growing sectors, pork and poultry. Our analysis focuses on trade in feed and animal products, using a new model that calculates the amount of "virtual" nitrogen, water, and land used in production but not embedded in the product. We show how key meat-importing countries, such as Japan, benefit from "virtual" trade in land, water, and nitrogen, and how key meat-exporting countries, such as Brazil, provide these resources without accounting for their true environmental cost. Results show that Japan's pig and chicken meat imports embody the virtual equivalent of 50% of Japan's total arable land, and half of Japan's virtual nitrogen total is lost in the US. Trade links with China are responsible for 15% of the virtual nitrogen left behind in Brazil due to feed and meat exports, and 20% of Brazil's area is used to grow soybean exports. The complexity of trade in meat, feed, water, and nitrogen is illustrated by the dual roles of the US and The Netherlands as both importers and exporters of meat. Mitigation of environmental damage from industrialized livestock production and trade depends on a combination of direct-pricing strategies, regulatory approaches, and use of best management practices. Our analysis indicates that increased water- and nitrogen-use efficiency and land conservation resulting from these measures could significantly reduce resource costs.

77 FR 53865 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

... process based on exports of poultry products (``the TRQ System'') to support the operation and... the Board of Directors of COLOM-PEQ. 3. Open Tender Process. COLOM-PEQ shall offer TRQ Certificates... through an open tender process with certificates awarded to the highest bidders (``TRQ Certificates...

76 FR 66912 - Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Environmental Technologies Trade... meeting of the Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC). DATES: The teleconference... expand U.S. exports of environmental technologies, goods, services, and products. The ETTAC was...

Trade-driven relocation of air pollution and health impacts in China.

PubMed

Wang, Haikun; Zhang, Yanxu; Zhao, Hongyan; Lu, Xi; Zhang, Yanxia; Zhu, Weimo; Nielsen, Chris P; Li, Xin; Zhang, Qiang; Bi, Jun; McElroy, Michael B

2017-09-29

Recent studies show that international trade affects global distributions of air pollution and public health. Domestic interprovincial trade has similar effects within countries, but has not been comprehensively investigated previously. Here we link four models to evaluate the effects of both international exports and interprovincial trade on PM 2.5 pollution and public health across China. We show that 50-60% of China's air pollutant emissions in 2007 were associated with goods and services consumed outside of the provinces where they were produced. Of an estimated 1.10 million premature deaths caused by PM 2.5 pollution throughout China, nearly 19% (208,500 deaths) are attributable to international exports. In contrast, interprovincial trade leads to improved air quality in developed coastal provinces with a net effect of 78,500 avoided deaths nationwide. However, both international export and interprovincial trade exacerbate the health burdens of air pollution in China's less developed interior provinces. Our results reveal trade to be a critical but largely overlooked consideration in effective regional air quality planning for China.International and domestic interprovincial trade of China are entangled, but their health impacts have been treated separately in earlier studies. Here Wang. quantify the complex impacts of trade on public health across China within an integrative framework.

78 FR 59005 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... of the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). DATES: The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday... administration of programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with...

77 FR 6064 - Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Environmental Technologies Trade... meeting of the Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC). DATES: The teleconference... administration of programs to expand U.S. exports of environmental technologies, goods, services, and products...

Addressing HIV in Zambia through traditional games.

PubMed

Njelesani, Janet; Njelesani, Donald

2018-05-18

There has been a proliferation of organizations in Zambia touting the mobilization of traditional games as a tool to prevent HIV. However, there is a dearth of evidence on how culturally important activities like traditional games are being incorporated into programing. The purpose of this study was to explore how traditional games are used as a strategy to prevent HIV in Zambia. This qualitative study generated data from 17 case studies of HIV programs operating in Lusaka, Zambia. Observations of the programs were conducted and 44 interviews with program staff were completed. Participants believed that traditional games can engage youth while helping them learn about HIV. However, when traditional games were implemented, they were oversimplified and taught via regimented practices that did not foster critical thinking. This kind of implementation comes at the expense of the development of skills needed to retain and act on information essential for HIV prevention. The results of the study also reveal that due to the increase in cultural pride that has welcomed the revival of traditional games, there are opportunities to encourage government and political support for their systematic integration to address HIV in Zambia.

Entropy of international trades

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Chang-Young; Lee, D.-S.

2017-05-01

The organization of international trades is highly complex under the collective efforts towards economic profits of participating countries given inhomogeneous resources for production. Considering the trade flux as the probability of exporting a product from a country to another, we evaluate the entropy of the world trades in the period 1950-2000. The trade entropy has increased with time, and we show that it is mainly due to the extension of trade partnership. For a given number of trade partners, the mean trade entropy is about 60% of the maximum possible entropy, independent of time, which can be regarded as a characteristic of the trade fluxes' heterogeneity and is shown to be derived from the scaling and functional behaviors of the universal trade-flux distribution. The correlation and time evolution of the individual countries' gross-domestic products and the number of trade partners show that most countries achieved their economic growth partly by extending their trade relationship.

International red meat trade.

PubMed

Brester, Gary W; Marsh, John M; Plain, Ronald L

2003-07-01

The maturation of the US beef and pork markets and increasing consumer demands for convenience, safety, and nutrition suggests that the beef and pork industries must focus on product development and promotion. New marketing arrangements are developing that help coordinate production with consumer demands. The relative high levels of incomes in the United States are likely to increase the demands for branded products rather than increase total per capita consumption. Foreign markets represent the greatest opportunity for increased demand for commodity beef and pork products. Increasing incomes in developing countries will likely allow consumers to increase consumption of animal-source proteins. Real prices of beef and pork have declined substantially because of sagging domestic demand and increasing farm-level production technologies. Increasing US beef and pork exports have obviated some of the price declines. Pork attained a net export position from a quantity perspective in 1995. The United States continues to be a net importer of beef on a quantity basis but is close to becoming a net exporter in terms of value. By-products continue to play a critical role in determining the red meat trade balance and producer prices. The United States, however, must continue to become cost, price, and quality competitive with other suppliers and must secure additional market access if it is to sustain recent trade trends. Several trade tensions remain in the red meat industry. For example, mandated COOL will undoubtedly have domestic and international effects on the beef and pork sectors. Domestically, uncertainty regarding consumer demand responses or quality perceptions regarding product origin, as well as added processor-retailer costs will be nontrivial. How these factors balance out in terms of benefits versus costs to the industry is uncertain. From an international perspective, some beef and pork export suppliers to the United States could view required labeling as a

75 FR 42690 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). The members will discuss issues outlined in the... States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable United States...

Pacific Rim log trade: determinants and trends.

Treesearch

Donald F. Flora; Andrea L. Anderson; Wendy J. McGinnls

1991-01-01

Pacific Rim trade in softwood logs amounts to about $3 billion annually, of which the U.S. share is about $2 billion. Log exporting is a significant part of the forest economy in the Pacific Northwest. The 10 major Pacific Rim log-trading client and competitor countries differ widely in their roles in trade and in their policies affecting the industry.

Peace Corps/Zambia PST 1995 Special Lessons. Nyanja.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peace Corps (Zambia).

This guide is designed for language teachers training Peace Corps volunteers in Nyanja for service in Zambia, and focuses on daily communication skills in that context. It consists of a language "survival kit" of useful phrases and vocabulary, conjugation of the verb "to be," the Zambia national anthem, extensive notes on verb…

75 FR 36634 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). The members will discuss issues outlined in the... States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable United States...

75 FR 48643 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-11

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). DATES: The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday... programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable...

75 FR 29988 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). The members will discuss issues outlined in the... exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable United States regulations...

75 FR 8922 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). The members will discuss issues outlined in the... States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable United States...

19 CFR 351.514 - Export subsidies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export subsidies. 351.514 Section 351.514 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES... government, a benefit does not exist if the Secretary determines that the activities consist of general...

Rising trade, declining stocks: The global gugul (Commiphora wightii) trade.

PubMed

Cunningham, A B; Brinckmann, J A; Kulloli, R N; Schippmann, U

2018-09-15

Commiphora wightii is exploited in India and Pakistan for an oleo-resin (gum guggul) traditionally used in Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medical systems. Processed C. wightii oleo-resin products are exported from India to 42 countries, including re-export to Pakistan, for anti-inflammatory use and as an anti-inflammatory and an anti-obesity treatment considered to lower cholesterol and lipid levels. The C. wightii export trade has particular relevance to the European Union because Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom are importing countries. Demand and prices for C. wightii oleo-resin are increasing and wild stocks of C. wightii are in decline. The overexploitation of C. wightii after tapping for its commercially valuable oleo-resin is not a new problem, however, but one that has existed for over 50 years. Lopping and chopping trees to extract C. wightii oleo-resin has had a devastating impact on C. wightii populations since the 1960's. The aim of this study was to review the sustainability of the global trade in C. wightii oleo-resin. This included reviewing studies on resin tapping methods and the impacts of wild harvest on C. wightii populations in India and Pakistan. Firstly, we reviewed studies on impacts of C. wightii oleo-resin harvest and on the policy responses taken in relation to harvest and trade in C. wightii oleo-resin. Secondly, we reviewed studies on C. wightii cultivation. Thirdly, global trade data for C. wightii were analyzed. Destructive harvest to obtain the gum is the major threat facing this species. C. wightii populations are also fragmented by habitat loss through clearing for farming. Cutting and lopping in order to extract the medicinal gum are a major threat to C. wightii populations, as is poor recruitment due to grazing by livestock. As a result of over-exploitation, C. wightii oleo-resin production has declined in India. In Gujarat, a key production area, the decline over a 50-year period has

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Zambia

PubMed Central

van der Sande, Marianne A.B.; de Graaff, Cas S.; Parkinson, Shelagh; Verbrugh, Henri A.; Petit, Pieter L.C.; van Soolingen, Dick

2009-01-01

Clinical relevance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from 180 chronically ill patients and 385 healthy controls in Zambia was evaluated to examine the contribution of these isolates to tuberculosis (TB)–like disease. The proportion of NTM-positive sputum samples was significantly higher in the patient group than in controls; 11% and 6%, respectively (p<0.05). NTM-associated lung disease was diagnosed for 1 patient, and a probable diagnosis was made for 3 patients. NTM-positive patients and controls were more likely to report vomiting and diarrhea and were more frequently underweight than the NTM-negative patients and controls. Chest radiographs of NTM-positive patients showed deviations consistent with TB more frequently than those of controls. The most frequently isolated NTM was Mycobacterium avium complex. Multiple, not previously identified mycobacteria (55 of 171 NTM) were isolated from both groups. NTM probably play an important role in the etiology of TB-like diseases in Zambia. PMID:19193268

Export of health services from developing countries: the case of Tunisia.

PubMed

Lautier, Marc

2008-07-01

Although the subject of health services exports by developing countries has been much discussed, the phenomenon is still in its early stage, and its real implications are not yet clear. Given the rapid development in this area, little empirical data are available. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing reliable data on consumption of health services abroad (GATS mode 2 of international service supply). It starts by assessing the magnitude of the volume of international trade in health services. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of the case of Tunisia based on an original field research. Because of the high quality of its health sector and its proximity with Europe, Tunisia has the highest export potential for health services in the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Health services exports may represent a quarter of Tunisia's private health sector output and generate jobs for 5000 employees. If one takes into account tourism expenses by the incoming patient (and their relatives), these exports contribute to nearly 1% of the country's total exports. Finally, this case study highlights the regional dimension of external demand for health services and the predominance of South-South trade.

The institutional context of tobacco production in Zambia.

PubMed

Labonté, Ronald; Lencucha, Raphael; Drope, Jeffrey; Packer, Corinne; Goma, Fastone M; Zulu, Richard

2018-01-16

Tobacco production is said to be an important contributor to Zambia's economy in terms of labour and revenue generation. In light of Zambia's obligations under the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) we examined the institutional actors in Zambia's tobacco sector to better understand their roles and determine the institutional context that supports tobacco production in Zambia. Findings from 26 qualitative, semi-structured individual or small-group interviews with key informants from governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations were analysed, along with data and information from published literature. Although Zambia is obligated under the FCTC to take steps to reduce tobacco production, the country's weak economy and strong tobacco interests make it difficult to achieve this goal. Respondents uniformly acknowledged that growing the country's economy and ensuring employment for its citizens are the government's top priorities. Lacklustre coordination and collaboration between the institutional actors, both within and outside government, contributes to an environment that helps sustain tobacco production in the country. A Tobacco Products Control Bill has been under review for a number of years, but with no supply measures included, and with no indication of when or whether it will be passed. As with other low-income countries involved in tobacco production, there is inconsistency between Zambia's economic policy to strengthen the country's economy and its FCTC commitment to regulate and control tobacco production. The absence of a whole-of-government approach towards tobacco control has created an institutional context of duelling objectives, with some government ministries working at cross-purposes and tobacco interests left unchecked. With no ultimate coordinating authority, this industry risks being run according to the desire and demands of multinational tobacco companies, with few, if any, checks against them.

U.S. Trade Policy: A Selective Bibliography. Bibliography Series Twenty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niu, Sarah, Comp.

1988-01-01

In February 1987, President Ronald Reagan proposed legislation to improve U.S. international trade in order to decrease the trade deficits. This legislative proposal would: (1) renew authority for negotiating agreements to remove trade barriers; (2) reduce self-imposed export barriers; (3) improve existing U.S. trade remedy laws; (4) overhaul…

15 CFR 30.2 - General requirements for filing Electronic Export Information (EEI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... definitions, specifications, and requirements of the regulations in this part for all export shipments, except... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false General requirements for filing... Requirements § 30.2 General requirements for filing Electronic Export Information (EEI). (a) Filing...

76 FR 23568 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). DATES: The meeting is scheduled for Thursday, May 12... programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable...

76 FR 61669 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-05

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). DATES: The meeting is scheduled for Friday, November 4... programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable...

76 FR 35405 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). DATES: The meeting is scheduled for Thursday, July 14... programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable...

75 FR 52716 - Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC) AGENCY... Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC) will hold its quarterly meeting to discuss environmental technologies industry competitiveness issues, the National Export Initiative, and general...

Log exports by port, 1987.

Treesearch

Debra D. Warren

1989-01-01

Volumes and average values of log exports by port have been compiled by quarter for 1987. The tables show the four Northwest customs districts by ports, species, and destinations. These data were received from the U.S. Department of Commerce too late to be published in the 1987 quarterly reports, "Production, Prices, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest...

GHGs and air pollutants embodied in China's international trade: Temporal and spatial index decomposition analysis.

PubMed

Liu, Zhengyan; Mao, Xianqiang; Song, Peng

2017-01-01

Temporal index decomposition analysis and spatial index decomposition analysis were applied to understand the driving forces of the emissions embodied in China's exports and net exports during 2002-2011, respectively. The accumulated emissions embodied in exports accounted for approximately 30% of the total emissions in China; although the contribution of the sectoral total emissions intensity (technique effect) declined, the scale effect was largely responsible for the mounting emissions associated with export, and the composition effect played a largely insignificant role. Calculations of the emissions embodied in net exports suggest that China is generally in an environmentally inferior position compared with its major trade partners. The differences in the economy-wide emission intensities between China and its major trade partners were the biggest contribution to this reality, and the trade balance effect played a less important role. However, a lower degree of specialization in pollution intensive products in exports than in imports helped to reduce slightly the emissions embodied in net exports. The temporal index decomposition analysis results suggest that China should take effective measures to optimize export and supply-side structure and reduce the total emissions intensity. According to spatial index decomposition analysis, it is suggested that a more aggressive import policy was useful for curbing domestic and global emissions, and the transfer of advanced production technologies and emission control technologies from developed to developing countries should be a compulsory global environmental policy option to mitigate the possible leakage of pollution emissions caused by international trade.

26 CFR 1.993-2 - Definition of qualified export assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... within the current normal operating cycle of the trade or business of the DISC whose satisfaction when... current normal operating cycle of the trade or business of the DISC, an amount reasonably needed to meet... corporation are— (1) Export property as defined in § 1.993-3 (see paragraph (b) of this section), (2) Business...

Cigarette Price and Other Factors Associated with Brand Choice and Brand Loyalty in Zambia: Findings from the ITC Zambia Survey

PubMed Central

Salloum, Ramzi G.; Goma, Fastone; Chelwa, Grieve; Cheng, Xi; Zulu, Richard; Kaai, Susan C.; Quah, Anne C.K.; Thrasher, James F.; Fong, Geoffrey T.

2015-01-01

Objectives Little is known about cigarette pricing and brand loyalty in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines these issues in Zambia, analyzing data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Zambia Survey. Methods Data from Wave 1 of the ITC Zambia Survey (2012) were analyzed for current smokers of factory-made (FM) cigarettes compared to those who smoked both FM and roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, using multivariate logistic regression models to identify the predictors of brand loyalty and reasons for brand choice. Results 75% of FM-only smokers and 64% of FM+RYO smokers reported having a regular brand. Compared with FM-only smokers, FM+RYO smokers were, on average, older (28% vs. 20% ≥ 40 years), low income (64% vs. 43%), and had lower education (76% vs. 44% < secondary). Mean price across FM brands was ZMW0.50 (USD0.08) per stick. Smokers were significantly less likely to be brand-loyal (>1 year) if they were aged 15-17 years (vs. 40-54 years) and if they had moderate (vs. low) income. Brand choice was predicted mostly by friends, taste, and brand popularity. Price was more likely to be a reason for brand loyalty among FM+RYO smokers, among ≥55 year old smokers, and among those who reported being more addicted to cigarettes. Conclusions These results in Zambia document the high levels of brand loyalty in a market where price variation is fairly small across cigarette brands. Future research is needed on longitudinal trends to evaluate the effect of tobacco control policies in Zambia. PMID:25631482

77 FR 12008 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... meeting of the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC). DATES: The meeting is scheduled for Monday... administration of programs to expand United States exports of civil nuclear goods and services in accordance with...

Coal Export Financing: methods and trends (from the series Market Guides for Steam-Coal Exports from Appalachia). Report for January 1982-December 1983

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1984-05-01

The new 1984 version of Coal Export Financing is published as a joint effort of the ARC and the U.S. Department of Commerce. It was updated to include information on new trends and developments that have occurred since late 1982 in coal-export financing as a result of the intense price competition from other coal-exporting nations. This includes new information on developments under the Export Trading Company Act of 1982, reverse investments, and barter/countertrade. Information previously provided on political and commercial risk insurance and on governmental assistance has been expanded to reflect the increasing importance of these areas. Any information onmore » banks providing coal-export financing services has been updated, as well as expanded to encompass the entire United States, rather than just the Appalachian region.« less

19 CFR 351.517 - Exemption or remission upon export of indirect taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... taxes. 351.517 Section 351.517 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... Exemption or remission upon export of indirect taxes. (a) Benefit. In the case of the exemption or remission upon export of indirect taxes, a benefit exists to the extent that the Secretary determines that the...

19 CFR 351.515 - Internal transport and freight charges for export shipments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... shipments. 351.515 Section 351.515 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE... Internal transport and freight charges for export shipments. (a) Benefit—(1) In general. In the case of internal transport and freight charges on export shipments, a benefit exists to the extent that the charges...

Current Perspective in the International Trade of Medicinal Plants Material: An Update.

PubMed

Vasisht, Karan; Sharma, Neetika; Karan, Maninder

2016-01-01

The recent years have seen an increased interest in medicinal plants together with the therapeutic use of phytochemicals. Medicinal plants are utilized by the industry for the production of extracts, phytopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals and their use is expected to grow faster than the conventional drugs. The enormous demand of medicinal plant material has resulted in huge trade both at domestic and international levels. The trade data of medicinal plant material with commodity code HS 1211 (SITC.4, code 292.4) and their derived/related products which are traded under different commodity codes has been acquired from COMTRADE, Trade Map, country reports, technical documents etc for the period 2001 to 2014. The data was analyzed using statistical tools to draw conclusions. The significant features of the global trade; the leading source, consumer, import and export countries; and the striking trends are presented. The trade of the ten key countries and the selected important items is also discussed in detail. The conservative figure of trade of medicinal plants materials and their derived/related products including extracts, essential oils, phytopharmaceuticals, gums, spices used in medicine, tannins for pharmaceutical use, ingredients for cosmetics etc. as calculated from the global export data for the year 2014 is estimated at USD 33 billion. The average global export in medicinal plants under HS 1211 for the fourteen year period was USD 1.92 billion for 601,357 tons per annum and for the year 2014 it stood at 702,813 tons valued at USD 3.60 billion. For the studied period, an annual average growth rate (AAGR) of 2.4% in volumes and 9.2% in values of export was observed. Nearly 30% of the global trade is made up by top two countries of the import and export. China and India from Asia; Egypt and Morocco from Africa; Poland, Bulgaria and Albania from Europe; Chile and Peru from South America are important supply sources. The USA, Japan and Europe

Perceptions of and Attitudes towards Ageing in Zambia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mapoma, Christopher C.; Masaiti, Gift

2012-01-01

This paper reflects part of the wider outlook on ageing in general in Zambia and was intended to investigate perceptions of and attitudes towards the aged and ageing in Zambia by members of the community who, by definition and chronologically are not classified as aged i.e. not yet 60 years and over. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used to…

Google matrix analysis of the multiproduct world trade network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ermann, Leonardo; Shepelyansky, Dima L.

2015-04-01

Using the United Nations COMTRADE database [United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database, available at: http://comtrade.un.org/db/. Accessed November (2014)] we construct the Google matrix G of multiproduct world trade between the UN countries and analyze the properties of trade flows on this network for years 1962-2010. This construction, based on Markov chains, treats all countries on equal democratic grounds independently of their richness and at the same time it considers the contributions of trade products proportionally to their trade volume. We consider the trade with 61 products for up to 227 countries. The obtained results show that the trade contribution of products is asymmetric: some of them are export oriented while others are import oriented even if the ranking by their trade volume is symmetric in respect to export and import after averaging over all world countries. The construction of the Google matrix allows to investigate the sensitivity of trade balance in respect to price variations of products, e.g. petroleum and gas, taking into account the world connectivity of trade links. The trade balance based on PageRank and CheiRank probabilities highlights the leading role of China and other BRICS countries in the world trade in recent years. We also show that the eigenstates of G with large eigenvalues select specific trade communities.

Attitudes toward abortion in Zambia.

PubMed

Geary, Cynthia Waszak; Gebreselassie, Hailemichael; Awah, Paschal; Pearson, Erin

2012-09-01

Despite Zambia's relatively progressive abortion law, women continue to seek unsafe, illegal abortions. Four domains of abortion attitudes - support for legalization, immorality, rights, and access to services - were measured in 4 communities. A total of 668 people were interviewed. Associations among the 4 domains were inconsistent with expectations. The belief that abortion is immoral was widespread, but was not associated with lack of support for legalization. Instead, it was associated with belief that women need access to safe services. These findings suggest that increasing awareness about abortion law in Zambia may be important for encouraging more favorable attitudes. Copyright © 2012 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Global Maize Trade and Food Security: Implications from a Social Network Model

PubMed Central

Wu, Felicia; Guclu, Hasan

2013-01-01

In this study, we developed a social network model of the global trade of maize: one of the most important food, feed, and industrial crops worldwide, and critical to food security. We used this model to analyze patterns of maize trade among nations, and to determine where vulnerabilities in food security might arise if maize availability were decreased due to factors such as diversion to non-food uses, climatic factors, or plant diseases. Using data on imports and exports from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database for each year from 2000 to 2009 inclusive, we summarized statistics on volumes of maize trade between pairs of nations for 217 nations. There is evidence of market segregation among clusters of nations; with three prominent clusters representing Europe, Brazil and Argentina, and the United States. The United States is by far the largest exporter of maize worldwide, while Japan and the Republic of Korea are the largest maize importers. In particular, the star-shaped cluster of the network that represents US maize trade to other nations indicates the potential for food security risks because of the lack of trade these other nations conduct with other maize exporters. If a scenario arose in which US maize could not be exported in as large quantities, maize supplies in many nations could be jeopardized. We discuss this in the context of recent maize ethanol production and its attendant impacts on food prices elsewhere worldwide. PMID:23656551

Global maize trade and food security: implications from a social network model.

PubMed

Wu, Felicia; Guclu, Hasan

2013-12-01

In this study, we developed a social network model of the global trade of maize: one of the most important food, feed, and industrial crops worldwide, and critical to food security. We used this model to analyze patterns of maize trade among nations, and to determine where vulnerabilities in food security might arise if maize availability was decreased due to factors such as diversion to nonfood uses, climatic factors, or plant diseases. Using data on imports and exports from the U.N. Commodity Trade Statistics Database for each year from 2000 to 2009 inclusive, we summarized statistics on volumes of maize trade between pairs of nations for 217 nations. There is evidence of market segregation among clusters of nations; with three prominent clusters representing Europe, Brazil and Argentina, and the United States. The United States is by far the largest exporter of maize worldwide, whereas Japan and the Republic of Korea are the largest maize importers. In particular, the star-shaped cluster of the network that represents U.S. maize trade to other nations indicates the potential for food security risks because of the lack of trade these other nations conduct with other maize exporters. If a scenario arose in which U.S. maize could not be exported in as large quantities, maize supplies in many nations could be jeopardized. We discuss this in the context of recent maize ethanol production and its attendant impacts on food prices elsewhere worldwide. © 2013 Society for Risk Analysis.

Acquisition of Scientific Literature in Developing Countries. 4: Zambia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lundu, Maurice C.; Lungu, Charles B. M.

1989-01-01

Description of selected science and technical libraries and information services in Zambia focuses on collection development and acquisition policies. The problems of transferring technology through the transfer of information are discussed, the future of information transfer in Zambia is explored, and proposals for future action are presented.…

Global trade in satellites and launch services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hearing before the Subcommittee on Space of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives is presented. Written testimony, submittals for the record, and responses to written questions are included. Topics concerning the global trade in satellites and launch services include foreign competition, the China and Russia trade agreements, Commerce licensing on international sales and export, trade control, technology transfer, satellite communications and the economy, satellites and the global information infrastructure, commercial space revenues, and enforcement of trade policies.

Rethinking Import and Export Controls for Defense-Related Goods

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

restrictions were imposed on the basis of country (Trading with the Enemy Act) or product (Neutrality Act). However, in the post-war environment, a more mixed...described below. • Arms Export Control Act (AECA) of 1976—grants the President the power to control the export of defense products and services. The act...defense-related items and services. The products regulated include weapons systems (e.g., aircraft, tanks, etc.) but also include subsystems or

19 CFR 351.510 - Indirect taxes and import charges (other than export programs).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Indirect taxes and import charges (other than export programs). 351.510 Section 351.510 Customs Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... Subsidies § 351.510 Indirect taxes and import charges (other than export programs). (a) Benefit—(1...

15 CFR 30.10 - Retention of export information and the authority to require production of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Retention of export information and the authority to require production of documents. 30.10 Section 30.10 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE...

48 CFR 225.7902 - Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. 225.7902 Section 225.7902 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION EXPORT CONTROL 225.7902 Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. This...

48 CFR 225.7902 - Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. 225.7902 Section 225.7902 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION EXPORT CONTROL 225.7902 Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. This...

United States trade in wood products, 1978?2005.

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels

2008-01-01

Tables summarize volume and values of United States trade in wood products from 1978 to 2005. Import and export data are shown for 21 commodities aggregated from over 1,700 wood products. Data were obtained from an earlier report by Chmelik and others and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Trade in each commodity is delineated by trading partner and...

A quantitative risk assessment of bovine theileriosis entering Luapula Province from Central Province in Zambia via live cattle imports from traditional and commercial production sectors.

PubMed

Makungu, C; Mwacalimba, K K

2014-09-01

Theileriosis or East Coast Fever (ECF) is an important livestock disease widespread in Zambia except for some provinces such as Luapula. This freedom status has been achieved due to strict livestock movement regulations that only authorise cattle imports from commercial farms implementing strict ECF control regimens. Recent increases in both the demand and price of beef in Zambia are stimulating a policy change towards a more inclusive inter-provincial trade in live cattle. This may also encourage the introduction of breeding cattle from high production pastoral sectors such as Central Province to stimulate the beef industry in disease free low production areas such as the Luapula Province. To estimate and compare the risks linked with those potential introductions of cattle from the traditional or commercial production sectors of the Central Province, a quantitative risk assessment model was developed. This risk comparison was necessary because the traditional livestock production sector accounts for over 79% of breeding cattle trade in Central Province but is characterised by minimalistic tick-borne disease control and a higher prevalence of ECF. We estimate that should the importation of breeding cattle from Central into Luapula Province be permitted, we could expect to import ECF by the introduction of infected animals at a median rate (5th and 95th percentiles) of every 0.44 years (0.12, 2.60), from the traditional sector compared to every 3.57 years (0.37, 103.6) from the commercial sector. Infected ticks would be expected to enter every 3.46 (0.66, 43.8) years via traditional cattle imports. These risks are strongly influenced by the prevalence of infection, performance of pre-transport screening tests, and the effectiveness of pre-transport tick cleansing. This assessment is expected to provide a model for tick borne disease risk assessments in similar settings, as well as inform ECF control, cattle trade, and stock movement policies in Zambia. Copyright �

China's "Exported Carbon" Peak: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mi, Zhifu; Meng, Jing; Green, Fergus; Coffman, D'Maris; Guan, Dabo

2018-05-01

Over the past decade, China has entered a "new normal" phase in economic development, with its role in global trade flows changing significantly. This study estimates the driving forces of Chinese export-embodied carbon emissions in the new normal phase, based on environmentally extended multiregional input-output modeling and structural decomposition analysis. We find that Chinese export-embodied CO2 emissions peaked in 2008 at a level of 1,657 million tones. The subsequent decline in CO2 emissions was mainly due to the changing structure of Chinese production. The peak in Chinese export-embodied emissions is encouraging from the perspective of global climate change mitigation, as it implies downward pressure on global CO2 emissions. However, more attention should focus on ensuring that countries that may partly replace China as major production bases increase their exports using low-carbon inputs.

27 CFR 44.196a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true To a foreign-trade zone. 44... foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone restricted status for the...

Cigarette price and other factors associated with brand choice and brand loyalty in Zambia: findings from the ITC Zambia Survey.

PubMed

Salloum, Ramzi G; Goma, Fastone; Chelwa, Grieve; Cheng, Xi; Zulu, Richard; Kaai, Susan C; Quah, Anne C K; Thrasher, James F; Fong, Geoffrey T

2015-07-01

Little is known about cigarette pricing and brand loyalty in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines these issues in Zambia, analysing data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Zambia Survey. Data from Wave 1 of the ITC Zambia Survey (2012) were analysed for current smokers of factory-made (FM) cigarettes compared with those who smoked both FM and roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, using multivariate logistic regression models to identify the predictors of brand loyalty and reasons for brand choice. 75% of FM-only smokers and 64% of FM+RYO smokers reported having a regular brand. Compared with FM-only smokers, FM+RYO smokers were, on average, older (28% vs 20% ≥40 years), low income (64% vs 43%) and had lower education (76% vs 44% < secondary). Mean price across FM brands was ZMW0.50 (US$0.08) per stick. Smokers were significantly less likely to be brand loyal (>1 year) if they were aged 15-17 years (vs 40-54 years) and if they had moderate (vs low) income. Brand choice was predicted mostly by friends, taste and brand popularity. Price was more likely to be a reason for brand loyalty among FM+RYO smokers, among ≥55-year-old smokers and among those who reported being more addicted to cigarettes. These results in Zambia document the high levels of brand loyalty in a market where price variation is fairly small across cigarette brands. Future research is needed on longitudinal trends to evaluate the effect of tobacco control policies in Zambia. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Export Controls and the Tensions between Academic Freedom and National Security

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Samuel A. W.; Valdivia, Walter D.

2012-01-01

In the U.S.A., advocates of academic freedom--the ability to pursue research unencumbered by government controls--have long found sparring partners in government officials who regulate technology trade. From concern over classified research in the 1950s, to the expansion of export controls to cover trade in information in the 1970s, to current…

GHGs and air pollutants embodied in China’s international trade: Temporal and spatial index decomposition analysis

PubMed Central

Liu, Zhengyan; Mao, Xianqiang; Song, Peng

2017-01-01

Temporal index decomposition analysis and spatial index decomposition analysis were applied to understand the driving forces of the emissions embodied in China’s exports and net exports during 2002–2011, respectively. The accumulated emissions embodied in exports accounted for approximately 30% of the total emissions in China; although the contribution of the sectoral total emissions intensity (technique effect) declined, the scale effect was largely responsible for the mounting emissions associated with export, and the composition effect played a largely insignificant role. Calculations of the emissions embodied in net exports suggest that China is generally in an environmentally inferior position compared with its major trade partners. The differences in the economy-wide emission intensities between China and its major trade partners were the biggest contribution to this reality, and the trade balance effect played a less important role. However, a lower degree of specialization in pollution intensive products in exports than in imports helped to reduce slightly the emissions embodied in net exports. The temporal index decomposition analysis results suggest that China should take effective measures to optimize export and supply-side structure and reduce the total emissions intensity. According to spatial index decomposition analysis, it is suggested that a more aggressive import policy was useful for curbing domestic and global emissions, and the transfer of advanced production technologies and emission control technologies from developed to developing countries should be a compulsory global environmental policy option to mitigate the possible leakage of pollution emissions caused by international trade. PMID:28441399

[Analysis of characteristics and problems of international trade of Poria cocos in China].

PubMed

Chi, Xiu-Lian; Yang, Guang; Ma, Shuai; Cheng, Meng; Que, Ling

2018-01-01

Poria cocos is one of medical materials frequently used in China and well marketed at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of exports and imports data of P. cocos, we found that large proportions of P. cocos were exported, while only a small proportions of those were imported in China between 2011 and 2016. During periods of these six years, the annual exporting trade of P. cocos in quantity significantly decreased, but that in dollars tend to increase slightly and the unit-prices of P. cocos significantly increased. Statistically, the average annual export trade of P. cocos from 2011 to 2016 in quantity and dollars were 9 279.73 tons and 35.454 million dollars, respectively. And the average annual export in unit-price was 4.14 dollars per kilogram. In total, P. cocos came from 29 provinces and exported to 44 countries through 21 ports. More than 98% of total exports of P. cocos were flew to the markets of countries in Asia, of which Hong Kong was the major partner in import trade of P. cocos. Large amount of P. cocos came from Guangdong province and exported mainly through Shenzhen port. Except the exports, China also imports P. cocos from other countries, among which Korea was the major country exports largest amount of P. cocos to China. And most of P. cocos were imported by Jilin province and mainly through Changchun port. To improve the export kinetic, quality and profits of P. cocos, and thus enhance the international competitiveness of the industry of P. cocos, Chinese governments should emphasize the researches on the products of P. cocos, broaden the demand space of the high-end customers, stimulate the high-end market grow in high speed and accelerate the process of standardization in future. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

26 CFR 1.924(e)-1 - Activities relating to the disposition of export property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., television, newspaper, trade journals, mass mailings, or billboards), in order to induce multiple customers or potential customers to buy or rent the property or services from the FSC or related supplier... export customers or potential export customers. Advertising except for the advertising described in § 1...

Chinese air pollution embodied in trade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, S. J.

2014-12-01

Rapid economic development in China has been accompanied by high levels of air pollution in many areas of China. Although researchers have applied a range of methods to monitor and track pollutant emissions in the atmosphere, studies of the underlying economic and technological drivers of this pollution have received considerably less attention. I will present results of a series of studies that have quantified the air pollutants embodied in goods being traded both within China and internationally. The results show that trade is facilitating the concentration of pollution in less economically developed areas, which in turn export pollution-intensive goods to more affluent areas. However, the export-related pollution itself is sometimes transported long distances; for instance, we have quantified the impacts of the Chinese pollution embodied in internationally-exported goods on air quality in the US. These findings important implications for Chinese efforts to curb CO2 emissions and improve air quality. The research to be presented reflects the efforts of a multiple year, ongoing collaboration among interdisciplinary researchers in China, the US and the UK.

The rise and fall of the Pacific Northwest log export market.

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels

2005-01-01

For decades, softwood log exports were an important component of international wood products trade from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the United States. Log exports to the Pacific Rim began in earnest after the Columbus Day Storm of 1962 generated billions of board feet of salvaged timber. This market was maintained and expanded owing to Japan’s demand for high...

22 CFR 124.3 - Exports of technical data in furtherance of an agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... approved in writing by the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) and the technical data does not... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exports of technical data in furtherance of an... REGULATIONS AGREEMENTS, OFF-SHORE PROCUREMENT AND OTHER DEFENSE SERVICES § 124.3 Exports of technical data in...

75 FR 37756 - Request for Public Comment To Inform Development of National Export Initiative Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

... with financing, and in general by pursuing a government-wide approach to export advocacy abroad, among other steps. General information concerning the NEI and government programs that help U.S. businesses... To Inform Development of National Export Initiative Plan AGENCY: International Trade Administration...

Virtual water flows in the international trade of agricultural products of China.

PubMed

Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Jinhe; Tang, Guorong; Chen, Min; Wang, Lachun

2016-07-01

With the rapid development of the economy and population, water scarcity and poor water quality caused by water pollution have become increasingly severe in China. Virtual water trade is a useful tool to alleviate water shortage. This paper focuses on a comprehensive study of China's international virtual water flows from agricultural products trade and completes a diachronic analysis from 2001 to 2013. The results show that China was in trade surplus in relation to the virtual water trade of agricultural products. The exported virtual water amounted to 29.94billionm(3)/yr. while 155.55billionm(3)/yr. was embedded in imported products. The trend that China exported virtual water per year was on the decline while the imported was on a rising trend. Virtual water trade of China was highly concentrated. Not all of the exported products had comparative advantages in virtual water content. Imported products were excessively concentrated on water intensive agricultural products such as soya beans, cotton, and palm oil. The exported virtual water mainly flowed to the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong of China and Japan, while the imported mainly flowed from the United States of America, Brazil and Argentina. From the ethical point of view, the trade partners were classified into four types in terms of "net import" and "water abundance": mutual benefit countries, such as Australia and Canada; unilateral benefit countries, such as Mongolia and Norway; supported countries, such as Egypt and Singapore; and double pressure countries, such as India and Pakistan. Virtual water strategy refers to water resources, agricultural products and human beings. The findings are beneficial for innovating water resources management system, adjusting trade structure, ensuring food security in China, and promoting the construction of national ecological security system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

50 CFR 23.18 - What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife? 23.18 Section 23.18 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN...

50 CFR 23.18 - What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife? 23.18 Section 23.18 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN...

50 CFR 23.18 - What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife? 23.18 Section 23.18 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN...

50 CFR 23.18 - What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife? 23.18 Section 23.18 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN...

50 CFR 23.18 - What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false What CITES documents are required to export Appendix-I wildlife? 23.18 Section 23.18 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN...

27 CFR 44.207a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true To a foreign-trade zone. 44....207a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone restricted status for the...

27 CFR 44.196a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... Shipment § 44.196a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone restricted...

27 CFR 44.207a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... of Shipment § 44.207a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone...

27 CFR 44.207a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... of Shipment § 44.207a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone...

27 CFR 44.207a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... of Shipment § 44.207a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone...

27 CFR 44.207a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... of Shipment § 44.207a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone...

27 CFR 44.196a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... Shipment § 44.196a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone restricted...

27 CFR 44.196a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... Shipment § 44.196a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone restricted...

27 CFR 44.196a - To a foreign-trade zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false To a foreign-trade zone... Shipment § 44.196a To a foreign-trade zone. Where tobacco products, and cigarette papers and tubes are removed from a factory or an export warehouse for delivery to a foreign-trade zone, under zone restricted...

75 FR 29993 - Department of Commerce: Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee Renewable Energy and Energy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-28

... Coordinating Committee Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Export Strategy To Support the National Export... Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee's (TPCC) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Working Group is developing a U.S. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Export Strategy (the Strategy) to guide U.S...

Trade Group Rules Against China in Rare Earths Dispute

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showstack, Randy

2014-04-01

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has ruled against China in a trade dispute over rare earth elements (REE) as well as tungsten and molybdenum, the group announced on 26 March. The European Union, Japan, and the United States brought trade cases against China in March 2012 concerning alleged unfair export restraints on the materials (see Eos, 93(13), 134-135, doi:10.1029/2012EO130002).

Theileriosis in Zambia: etiology, epidemiology and control measures.

PubMed

Nambota, A; Samui, K; Sugimoto, C; Kakuta, T; Onuma, M

1994-06-01

In Zambia, theileriosis manifests itself in the form of Corridor disease (CD), caused by Theileria parva lawrencei, and East Coast fever (ECF), caused by T. parva parva. Of the approximately 3 million cattle in Zambia, 1.4 million are at risk to theileriosis. ECF is found in the Northern and Eastern provinces of the country, while CD appears in Southern, Central, Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces. Theileriosis is a major constraint to the development of the livestock industry in Zambia, with losses of about 10,000 cattle per annum. The disease is spreading at a very fast rate, over-flowing its original borders. The epidemiology is complicated by, among other factors, the wide distribution of the tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, which is found all over the country. The current strategy of relying on tick control and therapeutic drugs as a way of controlling the disease is becoming increasingly difficult for Zambia. This is because both curative drugs and acaricides are very costly. Immunization against theileriosis using the infection and treatment method as a way of controlling the disease is becoming increasingly accepted, provided local Theileria stocks are used. This paper reviews the incidence of theileriosis in the last 2 years, 1991 and 1992. It also gives a historical perspective of the disease, epidemiology and control measures presently in use.

77 FR 66584 - Subsidy Programs Provided by Countries Exporting Softwood Lumber and Softwood Lumber Products to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

..., provided by certain countries exporting softwood lumber or softwood lumber products to the United States... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Subsidy Programs Provided by Countries Exporting Softwood Lumber and Softwood Lumber Products to the United States; Request for Comment AGENCY...

75 FR 22743 - Subsidy Programs Provided by Countries Exporting Softwood Lumber and Softwood Lumber Products to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-30

..., provided by certain countries exporting softwood lumber or softwood lumber products to the United States... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Subsidy Programs Provided by Countries Exporting Softwood Lumber and Softwood Lumber Products to the United States; Request for Comment AGENCY...

76 FR 23991 - Subsidy Programs Provided by Countries Exporting Softwood Lumber and Softwood Lumber Products to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

..., provided by certain countries exporting softwood lumber or softwood lumber products to the United States... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Subsidy Programs Provided by Countries Exporting Softwood Lumber and Softwood Lumber Products to the United States; Request for Comment AGENCY...

National Geothermal Association Trade Mission to Central America

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-10-01

The United States (US) geothermal industry, the world's most technically proficient, has been unable to achieve penetration into the markets of the developing nations. This report details the findings of an industry Trade Mission to Central America, tasked with determining the reasons for this shortfall and with developing a US industry geothermal export strategy designed to achieve immediate and long-term export benefits.

Relevance of Global Health Security to the US Export Economy.

PubMed

Cassell, Cynthia H; Bambery, Zoe; Roy, Kakoli; Meltzer, Martin I; Ahmed, Zara; Payne, Rebecca L; Bunnell, Rebecca E

To reduce the health security risk and impact of outbreaks around the world, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners are building capabilities to prevent, detect, and contain outbreaks in 49 global health security priority countries. We examine the extent of economic vulnerability to the US export economy posed by trade disruptions in these 49 countries. Using 2015 US Department of Commerce data, we assessed the value of US exports and the number of US jobs supported by those exports. US exports to the 49 countries exceeded $308 billion and supported more than 1.6 million jobs across all US states in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, services, and other sectors. These exports represented 13.7% of all US export revenue worldwide and 14.3% of all US jobs supported by all US exports. The economic linkages between the United States and these global health security priority countries illustrate the importance of ensuring that countries have the public health capacities needed to control outbreaks at their source before they become pandemics.

Relevance of Global Health Security to the US Export Economy

PubMed Central

Cassell, Cynthia H.; Bambery, Zoe; Roy, Kakoli; Meltzer, Martin I.; Ahmed, Zara; Payne, Rebecca L.

2017-01-01

To reduce the health security risk and impact of outbreaks around the world, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners are building capabilities to prevent, detect, and contain outbreaks in 49 global health security priority countries. We examine the extent of economic vulnerability to the US export economy posed by trade disruptions in these 49 countries. Using 2015 US Department of Commerce data, we assessed the value of US exports and the number of US jobs supported by those exports. US exports to the 49 countries exceeded $308 billion and supported more than 1.6 million jobs across all US states in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, services, and other sectors. These exports represented 13.7% of all US export revenue worldwide and 14.3% of all US jobs supported by all US exports. The economic linkages between the United States and these global health security priority countries illustrate the importance of ensuring that countries have the public health capacities needed to control outbreaks at their source before they become pandemics. PMID:29199867

Can family planning outreach bridge the urban-rural divide in Zambia?

PubMed

White, Justin S; Speizer, Ilene S

2007-09-05

Zambia experienced declining aggregate fertility and increasing aggregate contraceptive use from 1990 to 2000. Yet, in rural Zambia, progress in family planning has lagged far behind the advances made in Zambia's urban areas. The contraceptive prevalence rate in Lusaka and other urban areas outstripped the rate in rural Zambia by nearly 25 percentage points (41.2 percent versus 16.6 percent) in 2001. The total fertility rate varied between urban and rural areas by 2.5 children (4.3 versus 6.9 children). This paper considers the urban-rural differentials in Zambia and assesses family planning outreach as a tool to narrow this divide. This study uses the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, collected between 2001 and 2002. Logistic regression techniques were employed to examine factors associated with contraceptive use. The first analysis tested modern contraceptive use versus traditional method use and no use. In addition, separate models were run for samples stratified by type of residence (rural or urban) to determine if different factors were associated with use by residence. A simulation determined the effect of all women receiving at least one household visit from a health worker if all other variables were held constant. Differences in modern contraceptive use between urban and rural areas persist (OR: 1.56, 95 percent CI: 1.24-1.96) even after adjusting for a number of demographic, socioeconomic, cognitive, and attitudinal factors. Household visits by a community health worker significantly increased the likelihood of modern contraceptive use among rural women (OR: 1.83; 95 percent CI: 1.29-2.58). If all rural women received at least one outreach visit per year, the prevalence rate for modern contraceptive methods would be expected to increase for this group by 5.9 percentage points, a marked increase but less than one-quarter of the total urban-rural differential. Outreach in the form of health worker visits can improve access to family planning

International trade of health services: global trends and local impact.

PubMed

Lautier, Marc

2014-10-01

Globalization is a key challenge facing health policy-makers. A significant dimension of this is trade in health services. Traditionally, the flow of health services exports went from North to South, with patients travelling in the opposite direction. This situation is changing and a number of papers have discussed the growth of health services exports from Southern countries in its different dimensions. Less attention has been paid to assess the real scope of this trade at the global level and its potential impact at the local level. Given the rapid development of this area, there are little empirical data. This paper therefore first built an estimate of the global size and of the growth trend of international trade in health services since 1997, which is compared with several country-based studies. The second purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the significant economic impact of this trade at the local level for the exporting country. We consider the case of health providers in the South-Mediterranean region for which the demand potential, the economic effects and the consequence for the health system are presented. These issues lead to the overall conclusion that different policy options would be appropriate, in relation to the nature of the demand. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exporting vices: smoking in Asia.

PubMed

Cutler, B

1988-08-01

Marketing statistics of U.S. cigarette exports indicate that despite notable declines in sales at home, sales to foreign countries, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America, are growing dramatically. World cigarette consumption has doubled since 1960, mainly in less developed countries. In 1987, American tobacco firms increased cigarette exports 76%, or 1 billion in new sales. U.S. smoking dropped in 1985-86 from 30.4 to 26.5% of adults. In Taiwan, tariffs were removed from U.S. cigarettes, lowering prices from $2.86 to 1.30, and raising U.S. imports from $4.4 to 119 million. South Korean trade barriers were removed in May 1988, creating a large market. Japan imports 32% of exported U.S. cigarettes, has 120 million smokers, and is the beneficiary of a massive advertising campaign centered on young people and women. The Asian response to the smoking phenomenon is emerging in the form of restrictions on timing of TV advertising (Japan and Taiwan), health warnings (Japan and Taiwan), and restriction of smoking in public places (Hong Kong).

78 FR 11947 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Directorate of Defense Trade Controls...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-20

...: Directorate of Defense Trade Controls Information Collection: Export Declaration of Defense Technical Data or... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title of Information Collection: Export Declaration of Defense Technical Data or... collection: Actual export of defense technical data and defense services must be reported directly to the...

Virtuous and vicious virtual water trade with application to Italy.

PubMed

Winter, Julia Anna; Allamano, Paola; Claps, Pierluigi

2014-01-01

The current trade of agricultural goods, with connections involving all continents, entails for global exchanges of "virtual" water, i.e. water used in the production process of alimentary products, but not contained within. Each trade link translates into a corresponding virtual water trade, allowing quantification of import and export fluxes of virtual water. The assessment of the virtual water import for a given nation, compared to the national consumption, could give an approximate idea of the country's reliance on external resources from the food and the water resources point of view. A descriptive approach to the understanding of a nation's degree of dependency from overseas food and water resources is first proposed, and indices of water trade virtuosity, as opposed to inefficiency, are devised. Such indices are based on the concepts of self-sufficiency and relative export, computed systematically on all products from the FAOSTAT database, taking Italy as the first case study. Analysis of time series of the self-sufficiency and relative export can demonstrate effects of market tendencies and influence water-related policies at the international level. The goal of this approach is highlighting incongruent terms in the virtual water balances by the viewpoint of single products. Specific products, which are here referred to as "swap products", are in fact identified as those that lead to inefficiencies in the virtual water balance due to their contemporaneously high import and export. The inefficiencies due to the exchanges of the same products between two nations are calculated in terms of virtual water volumes. Furthermore, the cases of swap products are investigated by computing two further indexes denoting the ratio of virtual water exchanged in the swap and the ratio of the economic values of the swapped products. The analysis of these figures can help examine the reasons behind the swap phenomenon in trade.

76 FR 10082 - Office of International Trade; State Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... (STEP) Grant Program AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). ACTION: Notice of grant... Program Announcement No. OIT-STEP-2011- 01 to invite the States, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Territories to apply for a STEP grant to carry out export promotion programs that assist eligible small...

78 FR 69648 - Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee (CINTAC) Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee... nuclear goods and services in accordance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods and services export policies, programs, and activities will affect the U...

Recasting Postcolonial Citizenship through Civic Education: Critical Perspectives on Zambia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdi, Ali A.; Shizha, Edward; Bwalya, Ignatio

2006-01-01

Since the early 1990s and, perhaps, as one effect of the emergence of the uni-polar world, there have been a lot of "democratizing" activities in the Sub-Saharan context, with Zambia, a central African country of about 10 million, at the forefront of these processes. While democracy, in one form or another, has come to Zambia,…

75 FR 11842 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... the Certificate from state and federal government antitrust actions and from private treble damage... Company Affairs (``ETCA''), International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce, has received an... issued. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joseph E. Flynn, Director, Office of Competition and Economic...

75 FR 25206 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-07

... the Certificate from state and federal government antitrust actions and from private treble damage... Company Affairs (``ETCA''), International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce, has received an... issued. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joseph E. Flynn, Director, Office of Competition and Economic...

National Geothermal Association Trade Mission to Central America

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-10-01

The United States (US) geothermal industry, the world`s most technically proficient, has been unable to achieve penetration into the markets of the developing nations. This report details the findings of an industry Trade Mission to Central America, tasked with determining the reasons for this shortfall and with developing a US industry geothermal export strategy designed to achieve immediate and long-term export benefits.

50 CFR 23.71 - How can I trade internationally in sturgeon caviar?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) International Trade in Certain Specimens § 23.71 How can I... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false How can I trade internationally in...

Big Sugar in southern Africa: rural development and the perverted potential of sugar/ethanol exports.

PubMed

Richardson, Ben

2010-01-01

This paper asks how investment in large-scale sugar cane production has contributed, and will contribute, to rural development in southern Africa. Taking a case study of the South African company Illovo in Zambia, the argument is made that the potential for greater tax revenue, domestic competition, access to resources and wealth distribution from sugar/ethanol production have all been perverted and with relatively little payoff in wage labour opportunities in return. If the benefits of agro-exports cannot be so easily assumed, then the prospective 'balance sheet' of biofuels needs to be re-examined. In this light, the paper advocates smaller-scale agrarian initiatives.

78 FR 22843 - Foreign-Trade Zone 33-Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Authorization of Export Production Activity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-17

..., Pennsylvania, Authorization of Export Production Activity, Tsudis Chocolate Company (Chocolate Confectionery Bars), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania On December 4, 2012, Tsudis Chocolate Company, submitted a notification... restriction requiring that all foreign-status liquid chocolate admitted to FTZ 33 must be re-exported. Dated...

15 CFR 720.3 - Final decision on administrative action denying export privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS DENIAL OF EXPORT PRIVILEGES § 720.3 Final decision on administrative action...

15 CFR 720.3 - Final decision on administrative action denying export privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS DENIAL OF EXPORT PRIVILEGES § 720.3 Final decision on administrative action...

Aflatoxin Regulations in a Network of Global Maize Trade

PubMed Central

Wu, Felicia; Guclu, Hasan

2012-01-01

Worldwide, food supplies often contain unavoidable contaminants, many of which adversely affect health and hence are subject to regulations of maximum tolerable levels in food. These regulations differ from nation to nation, and may affect patterns of food trade. We soughtto determine whether there is an association between nations' food safety regulations and global food trade patterns, with implications for public health and policymaking. We developed a network model of maize trade around the world. From maize import/export data for 217 nations from 2000–2009, we calculated basic statistics on volumes of trade; then examined how regulations of aflatoxin, a common contaminant of maize, are similar or different between pairs of nations engaging in significant amounts of maize trade. Globally, market segregation appears to occur among clusters of nations. The United States is at the center of one cluster; European countries make up another cluster with hardly any maize trade with the US; and Argentina, Brazil, and China export maize all over the world. Pairs of nations trading large amounts of maize have very similar aflatoxin regulations: nations with strict standards tend to trade maize with each other, while nations with more relaxed standards tend to trade maize with each other. Rarely among the top pairs of maize-trading nations do total aflatoxin standards (standards based on the sum of the levels of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2) differ by more than 5 µg/kg. These results suggest that, globally, separate maize trading communities emerge; and nations tend to trade with other nations that have very similar food safety standards. PMID:23049773

Characterizing copper flows in international trade of China, 1975-2015.

PubMed

Zhang, Ling; Chen, Tianming; Yang, Jiameng; Cai, Zhijian; Sheng, Hu; Yuan, Zengwei; Wu, Huijun

2017-12-01

Since the economic reform, China has actively participated in the global market with rapid industrialization and gradually dominated the utilization and consumption of some critical materials, one of which is copper. China has reigned the global anthropogenic cycle of copper since 2004. We explore copper flows along with the international trade of China during 1975-2015, through life cycle lens, from ore to final products. Our main finding is that China has become more active in the copper-related trade, indicated by its great increase in trade volume and the number of trade partners. The physical volume of copper flows through trade increased over 119 times between 1975 and 2015, mainly because of more imported raw materials of copper and exported copper products. Generally, China is a net importer of copper, with increasing import dependence through the study period, whereas the degree of dependence slightly decreased from 2010 to 2015. The indicator of Export Support Rate took a decreasing percentage, which has fallen about 35% since 2010. It suggests China's changing position in the global resource and manufacturing market. In terms of trade price of different copper products, the price of imported copper concentrate was noticeably higher than that of exported one, revealing the poor copper resource endowment of China; while the different trend of copper semis in recent years signifies that China is in urgent need to improve its capability of producing high value-added semis. From international trade perspective, the copper resource of China presented stable supply as well as demand. The One Belt One Road strategy proposed by the state will further expand both the resource and market of copper. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

15 CFR 720.1 - Denial of export privileges for convictions under 18 U.S.C. 229.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... threatening to use, a chemical weapon; or (b) Assisting or inducing, in any way, any person to violate... Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS DENIAL OF EXPORT PRIVILEGES § 720.1 Denial of export privileges for...

15 CFR 720.1 - Denial of export privileges for convictions under 18 U.S.C. 229.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... threatening to use, a chemical weapon; or (b) Assisting or inducing, in any way, any person to violate... Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS DENIAL OF EXPORT PRIVILEGES § 720.1 Denial of export privileges for...

15 CFR 744.7 - Restrictions on certain exports to and for the use of certain foreign vessels or aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Export System (AES) record is filed in accordance with the requirements of the Foreign Trade Statistics Regulations (15 CFR part 30), except that an SED or AES record is not required when any of the commodities... as cargo for which a Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export System (AES) record is...

15 CFR 744.7 - Restrictions on certain exports to and for the use of certain foreign vessels or aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Export System (AES) record is filed in accordance with the requirements of the Foreign Trade Statistics Regulations (15 CFR part 30), except that an SED or AES record is not required when any of the commodities... as cargo for which a Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export System (AES) record is...

15 CFR 744.7 - Restrictions on certain exports to and for the use of certain foreign vessels or aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Export System (AES) record is filed in accordance with the requirements of the Foreign Trade Statistics Regulations (15 CFR part 30), except that an SED or AES record is not required when any of the commodities... as cargo for which a Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export System (AES) record is...

15 CFR 744.7 - Restrictions on certain exports to and for the use of certain foreign vessels or aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Export System (AES) record is filed in accordance with the requirements of the Foreign Trade Statistics Regulations (15 CFR part 30), except that an SED or AES record is not required when any of the commodities... as cargo for which a Shipper's Export Declaration (SED) or Automated Export System (AES) record is...

Aquarium Trade Supply-Chain Losses of Marine Invertebrates Originating from Papua New Guinea.

PubMed

Militz, Thane A; Kinch, Jeff; Southgate, Paul C

2018-04-01

A major difficulty in managing live organism wildlife trade is often the reliance on trade data to monitor exploitation of wild populations. Harvested organisms that die or are discarded before a point of sale are regularly not reported. For the global marine aquarium trade, identifying supply-chain losses is necessary to more accurately assess exploitation from trade data. We examined quality control rejections and mortality of marine invertebrates (Asteroidea, Gastropoda, Malacostraca, Ophiuroidea) moving through the Papua New Guinea marine aquarium supply-chain, from fisher to importer. Utilizing catch invoices and exporter mortality records we determined that, over a 160 day period, 38.6% of the total invertebrate catch (n = 13,299 individuals) was lost before export. Supply-chain losses were divided among invertebrates rejected in the quality control process (11.5%) and mortality of the accepted catch in transit to, and during holding at, an export facility (30.6%). A further 0.3% died during international transit to importers. We quantified supply-chain losses for the ten most fished species which accounted for 96.4% of the catch. Quality control rejections (n = 1533) were primarily explained by rejections of oversized invertebrates (83.2% of rejections). We suggest that enforceable size limits on species prone to size-based rejections and elimination of village-based holding of invertebrates would reduce losses along the Papua New Guinea supply-chain. This case study underscores that low mortality during international transit may mask large losses along supply-chains prior to export and exemplifies the limitations of trade data to accurately monitor exploitation.

Aquarium Trade Supply-Chain Losses of Marine Invertebrates Originating from Papua New Guinea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Militz, Thane A.; Kinch, Jeff; Southgate, Paul C.

2018-04-01

A major difficulty in managing live organism wildlife trade is often the reliance on trade data to monitor exploitation of wild populations. Harvested organisms that die or are discarded before a point of sale are regularly not reported. For the global marine aquarium trade, identifying supply-chain losses is necessary to more accurately assess exploitation from trade data. We examined quality control rejections and mortality of marine invertebrates (Asteroidea, Gastropoda, Malacostraca, Ophiuroidea) moving through the Papua New Guinea marine aquarium supply-chain, from fisher to importer. Utilizing catch invoices and exporter mortality records we determined that, over a 160 day period, 38.6% of the total invertebrate catch ( n = 13,299 individuals) was lost before export. Supply-chain losses were divided among invertebrates rejected in the quality control process (11.5%) and mortality of the accepted catch in transit to, and during holding at, an export facility (30.6%). A further 0.3% died during international transit to importers. We quantified supply-chain losses for the ten most fished species which accounted for 96.4% of the catch. Quality control rejections ( n = 1533) were primarily explained by rejections of oversized invertebrates (83.2% of rejections). We suggest that enforceable size limits on species prone to size-based rejections and elimination of village-based holding of invertebrates would reduce losses along the Papua New Guinea supply-chain. This case study underscores that low mortality during international transit may mask large losses along supply-chains prior to export and exemplifies the limitations of trade data to accurately monitor exploitation.

78 FR 59004 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-25

... Robles El Paso TX, 79912. Application No.: 13-00001. Date Deemed Submitted: September 17, 2013. Members... principal address is the same as the applicant's and Bobby Smith's address is 2200 Panther Trail, 503 Austin, TX 78704. Both members are affiliated with the applicant through common ownership. Emporia Trading...

The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in "Nonendemic" Regions of Zambia (1989-2015): Implications for Disease Prevention and Control.

PubMed

Simulundu, Edgar; Lubaba, Caesar H; van Heerden, Juanita; Kajihara, Masahiro; Mataa, Liywalii; Chambaro, Herman Moses; Sinkala, Yona; Munjita, Samuel Munalula; Munang'andu, Hetron Mweemba; Nalubamba, King Shimumbo; Samui, Kenny; Pandey, Girja Shanker; Takada, Ayato; Mweene, Aaron S

2017-08-23

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic disease of swine. In Zambia, ASF was first reported in 1912 in Eastern Province and is currently believed to be endemic in that province only. Strict quarantine measures implemented at the Luangwa River Bridge, the only surface outlet from Eastern Province, appeared to be successful in restricting the disease. However, in 1989, an outbreak occurred for the first time outside the endemic province. Sporadic outbreaks have since occurred almost throughout the country. These events have brought into acute focus our limited understanding of the epidemiology of ASF in Zambia. Here, we review the epidemiology of the disease in areas considered nonendemic from 1989 to 2015. Comprehensive sequence analysis conducted on genetic data of ASF viruses (ASFVs) detected in domestic pigs revealed that p72 genotypes I, II, VIII and XIV have been involved in causing ASF outbreaks in swine during the study period. With the exception of the 1989 outbreak, we found no concrete evidence of dissemination of ASFVs from Eastern Province to other parts of the country. Our analyses revealed a complex epidemiology of the disease with a possibility of sylvatic cycle involvement. Trade and/or movement of pigs and their products, both within and across international borders, appear to have been the major factor in ASFV dissemination. Since ASFVs with the potential to cause countrywide and possibly regional outbreaks, could emerge from "nonendemic regions", the current ASF control policy in Zambia requires a dramatic shift to ensure a more sustainable pig industry.

3 CFR 8677 - Proclamation 8677 of May 13, 2011. World Trade Week, 2011

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., we must advance a robust, forward-looking trade agenda that emphasizes exports and domestic job... May 15 through May 21, 2011, as World Trade Week. I encourage all Americans to observe this week with...

Trade in the US and Mexico helps reduce environmental costs of agriculture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martinez-Melendez, Luz A.; Bennett, Elena M.

2016-05-01

Increasing international crop trade has enlarged global shares of cropland, water and fertilizers used to grow crops for export. Crop trade can reduce the environmental burden on importing countries, which benefit from embedded environmental resources in imported crops, and from avoided environmental impacts of production in their territory. International trade can also reduce the universal environmental impact of food production if crops are grown where they are produced in the most environmentally efficient way. We compared production efficiencies for the same crops in the US and Mexico to determine whether current crop trade between these two countries provides an overall benefit to the environment. Our economic and environmental accounting for the key traded crops from 2010 to 2014 shows that exports to Mexico are just 3% (∼16 thousand Gg) of the total production of these crops in the US, and exports to US represent roughly 0.13% (∼46 Gg) of Mexican total production of the same crops. Yields were higher in US than Mexico for all crops except wheat. Use of nitrogen fertilizer was higher in US than in Mexico for all crops except corn. Current trade reduces some, but not all, environmental costs of agriculture. A counterfactual trade scenario showed that an overall annual reduction in cultivated land (∼371 thousand ha), water use (∼923 million m3), fertilizer use (∼122 Gg; ∼68 Gg nitrogen) and pollution (∼681 tonnes of N2O emissions to the atmosphere and ∼511 tonnes of leached nitrogen) can be achieved by changing the composition of food products traded. In this case, corn, soybeans and rice should be grown in the US, while wheat, sorghum and barley should be grown in Mexico. Assigning greater economic weight to the environmental costs of agriculture might improve the balance of trade to be more universally beneficial, environmentally.

Consultancy Report: Assessment of the Zambia College of Distance Education (ZACODE)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis, Justin

2009-01-01

This study was carried out at the request of the Ministry of Education, Zambia. The Commonwealth of Learning contracted Turning Points Consultancy CC, a Namibian company, who provided the services of the author, to "carry out an evaluation of the Zambia College of Distance Education (ZACODE) and submit recommendations to the Ministry of…

Importing food damages domestic environment: Evidence from global soybean trade.

PubMed

Sun, Jing; Mooney, Harold; Wu, Wenbin; Tang, Huajun; Tong, Yuxin; Xu, Zhenci; Huang, Baorong; Cheng, Yeqing; Yang, Xinjun; Wei, Dan; Zhang, Fusuo; Liu, Jianguo

2018-05-22

Protecting the environment and enhancing food security are among the world's Sustainable Development Goals and greatest challenges. International food trade is an important mechanism to enhance food security worldwide. Nonetheless, it is widely concluded that in international food trade importing countries gain environmental benefits, while exporting countries suffer environmental problems by using land and other resources to produce food for exports. Our study shows that international food trade can also lead to environmental pollution in importing countries. At the global level, our metaanalysis indicates that there was increased nitrogen (N) pollution after much farmland for domestically cultivated N-fixing soybeans in importing countries was converted to grow high N-demanding crops (wheat, corn, rice, and vegetables). The findings were further verified by an intensive study at the regional level in China, the largest soybean-importing country, where the conversion of soybean lands to corn fields and rice paddies has also led to N pollution. Our study provides a sharp contrast to the conventional wisdom that only exports contribute substantially to environmental woes. Our results suggest the need to evaluate environmental consequences of international trade of all other major goods and products in all importing countries, which have significant implications for fundamental rethinking in global policy-making and debates on environmental responsibilities among consumers, producers, and traders across the world.

78 FR 71022 - Defense Trade Advisory Group; Notice of Open Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice 8534] Defense Trade Advisory Group; Notice of Open Meeting AGENCY: Department of State. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The Defense Trade Advisory Group (DTAG... consequences of the Export Control Reform Initiatives on industry and provide recommendation on how to overcome...

Recent evolution of China's virtual water trade: analysis of selected crops and considerations for policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, J.; Liu, J.; Pinter, L.

2013-09-01

China has dramatically increased its virtual water import unconsciously for recent years. Many studies have focused on the quantity of traded virtual water but very few go into analysing geographic distribution and the properties of China's virtual water trade network. This paper provides a calculation and analysis of the crop-related virtual water trade network of China based on 27 major primary crops between 1986 and 2009. The results show that China is a net importer of virtual water from water-abundant areas of North and South America, and a net virtual water exporter to water-stressed areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Virtual water import is far larger than virtual water export and in both import and export a small number of trade partners control the supply chain. Grain crops are the major contributors to virtual water trade, and among grain crops soybeans, mostly imported from the US, Brazil and Argentina are the most significant. As crop yield and crop water productivity in North and South America are generally higher than those in Asia and Africa, the effect of China's crop-related virtual water trade positively contributes to optimizing crop water use efficiency at the global scale. In order to mitigate water scarcity and secure the food supply, virtual water should be actively incorporated into national water management strategies. From the national perspective, China should reduce the export and increase the import of water-intensive crops. But the sources of virtual water import need to be further diversified to reduce supply chain risks and increase resilience.

Regulatory aspects of pharmaceuticals' exports in gulf cooperation council countries.

PubMed

Pateriya, S; Janodia, Md; Deshpande, Pb; Ligade, Vs; Talole, Kb; Kulshrestha, T; Kamariya, Y; Musmade, Pb; Udupa, N

2011-04-01

The Gulf cooperation council (GCC) region is considered as "Emerging market" for pharmaceutical export and bilateral trade. The understanding of the regulatory requirements of this region can be beneficial for pharmaceutical export. Some incidents of the year 2008-09, like recession or economic slowdown in highly well-off and regulated market of the EU and US, raised the demand for alternate destinations for business. The regulations of Gulf countries are encouraging the import of quality generic products, which can be good news to the Indian drug manufacturers.

Trade Integration and Trade Imbalances in the European Union: A Network Perspective

PubMed Central

Krings, Gautier M.; Carpantier, Jean-François; Delvenne, Jean-Charles

2014-01-01

We study the ever more integrated and ever more unbalanced trade relationships between European countries. To better capture the complexity of economic networks, we propose two global measures that assess the trade integration and the trade imbalances of the European countries. These measures are the network (or indirect) counterparts to traditional (or direct) measures such as the trade-to-GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and trade deficit-to-GDP ratios. Our indirect tools account for the European inter-country trade structure and follow (i) a decomposition of the global trade flow into elementary flows that highlight the long-range dependencies between exporting and importing economies and (ii) the commute-time distance for trade integration, which measures the impact of a perturbation in the economy of a country on another country, possibly through intermediate partners by domino effect. Our application addresses the impact of the launch of the Euro. We find that the indirect imbalance measures better identify the countries ultimately bearing deficits and surpluses, by neutralizing the impact of trade transit countries, such as the Netherlands. Among others, we find that ultimate surpluses of Germany are quite concentrated in only three partners. We also show that for some countries, the direct and indirect measures of trade integration diverge, thereby revealing that these countries (e.g. Greece and Portugal) trade to a smaller extent with countries considered as central in the European Union network. PMID:24465381

Trade integration and trade imbalances in the European Union: a network perspective.

PubMed

Krings, Gautier M; Carpantier, Jean-François; Delvenne, Jean-Charles

2014-01-01

We study the ever more integrated and ever more unbalanced trade relationships between European countries. To better capture the complexity of economic networks, we propose two global measures that assess the trade integration and the trade imbalances of the European countries. These measures are the network (or indirect) counterparts to traditional (or direct) measures such as the trade-to-GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and trade deficit-to-GDP ratios. Our indirect tools account for the European inter-country trade structure and follow (i) a decomposition of the global trade flow into elementary flows that highlight the long-range dependencies between exporting and importing economies and (ii) the commute-time distance for trade integration, which measures the impact of a perturbation in the economy of a country on another country, possibly through intermediate partners by domino effect. Our application addresses the impact of the launch of the Euro. We find that the indirect imbalance measures better identify the countries ultimately bearing deficits and surpluses, by neutralizing the impact of trade transit countries, such as the Netherlands. Among others, we find that ultimate surpluses of Germany are quite concentrated in only three partners. We also show that for some countries, the direct and indirect measures of trade integration diverge, thereby revealing that these countries (e.g. Greece and Portugal) trade to a smaller extent with countries considered as central in the European Union network.

United States trade in forest products, 1978 To 1987.

Treesearch

John T. Chmelik; David J. Brooks; Richard W. Haynes

1989-01-01

Tables summarize volume and unit value of United States trade in forest products. Import and export data are shown for 18 groups of commodities aggregated from 800 individual commodity items; original data were collected and reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce. Data given for each commodity group include detail on trading partners and information on shipments...

Carbon dioxide emission and economic growth of China-the role of international trade.

PubMed

Boamah, Kofi Baah; Du, Jianguo; Bediako, Isaac Asare; Boamah, Angela Jacinta; Abdul-Rasheed, Alhassan Alolo; Owusu, Samuel Mensah

2017-05-01

This study investigates the role of international trade in mitigating carbon dioxide emission as a nation economically advances. This study disaggregated the international trade into total exports and total imports. A multivariate model framework was estimated for the time series data for the period of 1970-2014. The quantile regression detected all the essential relationship, which hitherto, the traditional ordinary least squares could not capture. A cointegration relationship was confirmed using the Johansen cointegration model. The findings of the Granger causality revealed the presence of a uni-directional Granger causality running from energy consumption to economic growth; from import to economic growth; from imports to exports; and from urbanisation to economic growth, exports and imports. Our study established the presence of long-run relationships amongst carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, energy consumption, imports, exports and urbanisation. A bootstrap method was further utilised to reassess the evidence of the Granger causality, of which the results affirmed the Granger causality in the long run. This study confirmed a long-run N-shaped relationship between economic growth and carbon emission, under the estimated cubic environmental Kuznet curve framework, from the perspective of China. The recommendation therefore is that China as export leader should transform its trade growth mode by reducing the level of carbon dioxide emission and strengthening its international cooperation as it embraces more environmental protectionisms.

International food trade reduces environmental effects of nitrogen pollution in China.

PubMed

Shi, Yaxing; Wu, Shaohua; Zhou, Shenglu; Wang, Chunhui; Chen, Hao

2016-09-01

The globalization of agricultural trade has dramatically altered global nitrogen flows by changing the spatial pattern of nitrogen utilization and emissions at a global scale. As a major trading country, China uses a large amount of nitrogen, which has a profound impact on global nitrogen flows. Using data on food production and trade between China and 26 other countries and regions, we calculated nitrogen inputs and outputs in food production ecosystem in each country. We estimated nitrogen flows in international food trade and analyzed their impact on nitrogen pollution in China. We divided nitrogen flows into embodied and virtual nitrogen flows. Embodied nitrogen is taken up by the plant and incorporated into the final food product, whereas virtual nitrogen is lost to the environment throughout the food production process and is not contained in the final food product. Our results show that China mainly imports food products from America and Asia, accounting for 95 % of all imported food. Asia (mainly Japan) and Europe are the main exporters of food from China, with Japan and the EU accounting for 17 and 10 % of all exported food, respectively. Total nitrogen inputs and outputs in food production in China were 55,400 and 61,000 Gg respectively, which were much higher than in other countries. About 1440 and 950 Gg of embodied and virtual nitrogen respectively flow into China through the food trade, mainly from food-exporting countries such as the USA, Argentina, and Brazil. Meanwhile, 177 and 160 Gg of embodied and virtual nitrogen respectively flow out of China from the export of food products, mainly to Japan. China's net food imports have reduced 720 and 458 Gg for nitrogen utilization and outputs, respectively, which accounted for 1.3 and 0.78 % of total nitrogen inputs and outputs in China. These results suggest that food trade in China has a profound effect on nitrogen flows and has greatly reduced environmental impacts on nitrogen pollution in China.

Effects of Removing Restrictions on U.S. Crude Oil Exports

EIA Publications

2015-01-01

This report examines the implications of removing current restrictions on U.S. crude oil exports for the price of domestic and global marker crude oil streams, gasoline prices, domestic crude oil production, domestic refining activity, and trade in crude oil and petroleum products.

Recent evolution of China's virtual water trade: analysis of selected crops and considerations for policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, J.; Liu, J.; Pinter, L.

2014-04-01

China has dramatically increased its virtual water import over recent years. Many studies have focused on the quantity of traded virtual water, but very few go into analysing geographic distribution and the properties of China's virtual water trade network. This paper provides a calculation and analysis of the crop-related virtual water trade network of China based on 27 major primary crops between 1986 and 2009. The results show that China is a net importer of virtual water from water-abundant areas of North America and South America, and a net virtual water exporter to water-stressed areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Virtual water import is far larger than virtual water export, and in both import and export a small number of trade partners control the supply chain. Grain crops are the major contributors to virtual water trade, and among grain crops, soybeans, mostly imported from the US, Brazil and Argentina, are the most significant. In order to mitigate water scarcity and secure the food supply, virtual water should actively be incorporated into national water management strategies. And the sources of virtual water import need to be further diversified to reduce supply chain risks and increase resilience.

75 FR 70215 - Environmental Technologies Trade Advisory Committee (ETTAC), Request for Nominations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

... relating to U.S. environmental technologies exports; U.S. Government policies and programs on the export of U.S. environmental products, technologies, and services; the effect of foreign governments' policies... and services companies, U.S. trade associations, and U.S. private sector organizations involved in the...

Book Trade Research and Statistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Sharon G.; Ink, Gary; Grabois, Andrew; Barr, Catherine

2001-01-01

Includes six articles that discuss research and statistics relating to the book trade. Topics include prices of U.S. and foreign materials; book title output and average prices; book sales statistics; book exports and imports; book outlets in the U.S. and Canada; and books and other media reviewed. (LRW)

Agricultural trade and the global phosphorus cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schipanski, M.; Bennett, E.; Riskin, S.; Porder, S.

2012-12-01

Trends of increasing agricultural trade, increased concentration of livestock production systems, and increased human consumption of livestock products influence the distribution of nutrients across the global landscape. Phosphorus (P) represents a unique management challenge as we are rapidly depleting mineable reserves of this essential and non-renewable resource. At the same time, its overuse can lead to pollution of aquatic ecosystems. We analyzed the relative contributions of food crop, feed crop, and livestock product trade to P flows through agricultural soils for twelve countries from 1961 to 2007. We then used case studies of P fertilizer use in the world's three major soybean export regions: Iowa (USA), Mato Grosso (Brazil), and Buenos Aires (Argentina) to examine the influence of historical P management and soil types on agriculture's environmental consequences. Due to the intensification of agricultural production, average soil surface P balances more than tripled from 6 to 21 kg P per ha between 1961 and 2007 for the twelve study countries. Consequently, countries that are primarily agricultural exporters carried increased risks for water pollution or, for Argentina, reduced soil fertility due to soil P mining to support exports. In 2007, nations imported food and feed from regions with higher apparent P fertilizer use efficiencies than if those crops were produced domestically. However, this was largely because imports were sourced from regions depleting soil P resources to support export crop production. In addition, the pattern of regional specialization and intensification of production systems also reduced the potential to recycle P resources, with greater implications for livestock production than crop production. In a globalizing world, it will be increasingly important to integrate biophysical constraints of our natural resources and environmental impacts of agricultural systems into trade policy and agreements and to develop mechanisms that

15 CFR 713.3 - Annual declaration and reporting requirements for exports and imports of Schedule 2 chemicals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS ACTIVITIES INVOLVING SCHEDULE 2 CHEMICALS § 713.3 Annual declaration and reporting requirements for exports and imports of Schedule 2 chemicals. (a) Declarations and... requirements for exports and imports of Schedule 2 chemicals. 713.3 Section 713.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade...

75 FR 41819 - Reorganization/Expansion of Foreign-Trade Zone 61 San Juan, Puerto Rico, Area

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-19

... Foreign-Trade Zone 61 San Juan, Puerto Rico, Area Pursuant to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones... the following Order: Whereas, the Puerto Rico Trade and Export Company, grantee of Foreign-Trade Zone..., Puerto Rico, area within and adjacent to the San Juan Customs and Border Protection port of entry (FTZ...

Regulatory Aspects of Pharmaceuticals’ Exports in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

PubMed Central

Pateriya, S; Janodia, MD; Deshpande, PB; Ligade, VS; Talole, KB; Kulshrestha, T; Kamariya, Y; Musmade, PB; Udupa, N

2011-01-01

The Gulf cooperation council (GCC) region is considered as “Emerging market” for pharmaceutical export and bilateral trade. The understanding of the regulatory requirements of this region can be beneficial for pharmaceutical export. Some incidents of the year 2008-09, like recession or economic slowdown in highly well-off and regulated market of the EU and US, raised the demand for alternate destinations for business. The regulations of Gulf countries are encouraging the import of quality generic products, which can be good news to the Indian drug manufacturers. PMID:21731362

77 FR 52310 - Expansion of Foreign-Trade Zone 61, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-29

... 61, San Juan, Puerto Rico Pursuant to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of June 18... Order: Whereas, the Puerto Rico Trade and Export Company, grantee of Foreign-Trade Zone 61, submitted an application to the Board for authority to expand FTZ 61 to include a site in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, adjacent...

3 CFR 8827 - Proclamation 8827 of May 21, 2012. World Trade Week, 2012

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 3 The President 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Proclamation 8827 of May 21, 2012. World Trade Week.... 8827 World Trade Week, 2012By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation America has... and produced by Americans. During World Trade Week, we reaffirm the essential role exports play in...

15 CFR 758.7 - Authority of the Office of Export Enforcement, the Bureau of Industry and Security, Customs...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority of the Office of Export Enforcement, the Bureau of Industry and Security, Customs offices and Postmasters in clearing shipments 758.7 Section 758.7 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY,...

Propagation of crises in the virtual water trade network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamea, Stefania; Laio, Francesco; Ridolfi, Luca

2015-04-01

The international trade of agricultural goods is associated to the displacement of the water used to produce such goods and embedded in trade as a factor of production. Water virtually exchanged from producing to consuming countries, named virtual water, defines flows across an international network of 'virtual water trade' which enable the assessment of environmental forcings and implications of trade, such as global water savings or country dependencies on foreign water resources. Given the recent expansion of commodity (and virtual water) trade, in both displaced volumes and network structure, concerns have been raised about the exposure to crises of individuals and societies. In fact, if one country had to markedly decrease its export following a socio-economical or environmental crisis, such as a war or a drought, many -if not all- countries would be affected due to a cascade effect within the trade network. The present contribution proposes a mechanistic model describing the propagation of a local crisis into the virtual water trade network, accounting for the network structure and the virtual water balance of all countries. The model, built on data-based assumptions, is tested on the real case study of the Argentinean crisis in 2008-09, when the internal agricultural production (measured as virtual water volume) decreased by 26% and the virtual water export of Argentina dropped accordingly. Crisis propagation and effects on the virtual water trade are correctly captured, showing the way forward to investigations of crises impact and country vulnerability based on the results of the model proposed.

Natural Gas Imports and Exports. Third Quarter Report 1999

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

none

1999-10-01

The second quarter 1997 Quarterly Report of Natural Gas Imports and Exports featured a Quarterly Focus report on cross-border natural gas trade between the United States and Mexico. This Quarterly Focus article is a follow-up to the 1997 report. This report revisits and updates the status of some of the pipeline projects discussed in 1997, and examines a number of other planned cross-border pipeline facilities which were proposed subsequent to our 1997 report. A few of the existing and proposed pipelines are bidirectional and thus have the capability of serving either Mexico, or the United States, depending on market conditionsmore » and gas supply availability. These new projects, if completed, would greatly enhance the pipeline infrastructure on the U.S.-Mexico border and would increase gas pipeline throughput capacity for cross-border trade by more than 1 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per day. The Quarterly Focus is comprised of five sections. Section I includes the introduction as well as a brief historic overview of U.S./Mexican natural gas trade; a discussion of Mexico's energy regulatory structure; and a review of trade agreements and a 1992 legislative change which allows for her cross-border gas trade in North America. Section II looks at initiatives that have been taken by the Mexican Government since 1995to open its energy markets to greater competition and privatization. Section III reviews Mexican gas demand forecasts and looks at future opportunities for U.S. gas producers to supplement Mexico's indigenous supplies in order to meet the anticipated rapid growth in demand. Section IV examines the U.S.-Mexico natural gas trade in recent years. It also looks specifically at monthly import and export volumes and prices and identifies short-term trends in this trade. Finally, Section V reviews the existing and planned cross-border gas pipeline infrastructure. The section also specifically describes six planned pipelines intended to expand this pipeline network

Virtual water trade and time scales for loss of water sustainability: a comparative regional analysis.

PubMed

Goswami, Prashant; Nishad, Shiv Narayan

2015-03-20

Assessment and policy design for sustainability in primary resources like arable land and water need to adopt long-term perspective; even small but persistent effects like net export of water may influence sustainability through irreversible losses. With growing consumption, this virtual water trade has become an important element in the water sustainability of a nation. We estimate and contrast the virtual (embedded) water trades of two populous nations, India and China, to present certain quantitative measures and time scales. Estimates show that export of embedded water alone can lead to loss of water sustainability. With the current rate of net export of water (embedded) in the end products, India is poised to lose its entire available water in less than 1000 years; much shorter time scales are implied in terms of water for production. The two cases contrast and exemplify sustainable and non-sustainable virtual water trade in long term perspective.

Virtual water trade and time scales for loss of water sustainability: A comparative regional analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goswami, Prashant; Nishad, Shiv Narayan

2015-03-01

Assessment and policy design for sustainability in primary resources like arable land and water need to adopt long-term perspective; even small but persistent effects like net export of water may influence sustainability through irreversible losses. With growing consumption, this virtual water trade has become an important element in the water sustainability of a nation. We estimate and contrast the virtual (embedded) water trades of two populous nations, India and China, to present certain quantitative measures and time scales. Estimates show that export of embedded water alone can lead to loss of water sustainability. With the current rate of net export of water (embedded) in the end products, India is poised to lose its entire available water in less than 1000 years; much shorter time scales are implied in terms of water for production. The two cases contrast and exemplify sustainable and non-sustainable virtual water trade in long term perspective.

50 CFR 23.74 - How can I trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) International Trade in Certain Specimens § 23.74 How can I... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false How can I trade internationally in...

50 CFR 23.68 - How can I trade internationally in roots of American ginseng?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) International Trade in Certain Specimens § 23.68 How can I... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false How can I trade internationally in roots...

Zambia: Multi-Faith Religious Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carmody, Brendan

2006-01-01

As countries' populations become more religiously diverse, a need to review the religious education syllabus that operates is often perceived. One such country is Zambia, which was not only traditionally religiously diverse but has become even more so with the advent of Christianity, Islam and Hinduism and other non-African faiths. This article…

Recent history and geography of virtual water trade.

PubMed

Carr, Joel A; D'Odorico, Paolo; Laio, Francesco; Ridolfi, Luca

2013-01-01

The global trade of goods is associated with a virtual transfer of the water required for their production. The way changes in trade affect the virtual redistribution of freshwater resources has been recently documented through the analysis of the virtual water network. It is, however, unclear how these changes are contributed by different types of products and regions of the world. Here we show how the global patterns of virtual water transport are contributed by the trade of different commodity types, including plant, animal, luxury (e.g., coffee, tea, and alcohol), and other products. Major contributors to the virtual water network exhibit different trade patterns with regard to these commodity types. The net importers rely on the supply of virtual water from a small percentage of the global population. However, discrepancies exist among the different commodity networks. While the total virtual water flux through the network has increased between 1986 and 2010, the proportions associated with the four commodity groups have remained relatively stable. However, some of the major players have shown significant changes in the virtual water imports and exports associated with those commodity groups. For instance, China has switched from being a net exporter of virtual water associated with other products (non-edible plant and animal products typically used for manufacturing) to being the largest importer, accounting for 31% of the total water virtually transported with these products. Conversely, in the case of The United states of America, the commodity proportions have remained overall unchanged throughout the study period: the virtual water exports from The United States of America are dominated by plant products, whereas the imports are comprised mainly of animal and luxury products.

Recent History and Geography of Virtual Water Trade

PubMed Central

Carr, Joel A.; D’Odorico, Paolo; Laio, Francesco; Ridolfi, Luca

2013-01-01

The global trade of goods is associated with a virtual transfer of the water required for their production. The way changes in trade affect the virtual redistribution of freshwater resources has been recently documented through the analysis of the virtual water network. It is, however, unclear how these changes are contributed by different types of products and regions of the world. Here we show how the global patterns of virtual water transport are contributed by the trade of different commodity types, including plant, animal, luxury (e.g., coffee, tea, and alcohol), and other products. Major contributors to the virtual water network exhibit different trade patterns with regard to these commodity types. The net importers rely on the supply of virtual water from a small percentage of the global population. However, discrepancies exist among the different commodity networks. While the total virtual water flux through the network has increased between 1986 and 2010, the proportions associated with the four commodity groups have remained relatively stable. However, some of the major players have shown significant changes in the virtual water imports and exports associated with those commodity groups. For instance, China has switched from being a net exporter of virtual water associated with other products (non-edible plant and animal products typically used for manufacturing) to being the largest importer, accounting for 31% of the total water virtually transported with these products. Conversely, in the case of The United states of America, the commodity proportions have remained overall unchanged throughout the study period: the virtual water exports from The United States of America are dominated by plant products, whereas the imports are comprised mainly of animal and luxury products. PMID:23457481

Analyses of impacts of China's international trade on its water resources and uses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Z. Y.; Yang, H.; Shi, M. J.; Zehnder, A. J. B.; Abbaspour, K. C.

2011-04-01

This study provides an insight into the impact of China's international trade of goods and services on its water resources and uses. Virtual water flows associated with China's international trade are quantified in an input-output framework. The analysis is scaled down to the sectoral and provincial levels to trace the origins and destinations of virtual water flows associated with the international trade. The results reveal that China is a net virtual water exporter of 4.7 × 1010 m3 year-1, accounting for 2.1% of its total water resources and 8.9% of the total water use. Water scarce regions tend to have higher percentages of virtual water export relative to their water resources and water uses. In the water scarce Huang-Huai-Hai region, the net virtual water export accounts for 7.9% of the region's water resources and 11.2% of its water uses. For individual sectors, major net virtual water exporters are those where agriculture provides raw materials in the initial process of the production chain and/or pollution intensity is high. The results suggest that China's economic gains from being a world "manufacture factory" have come at a high cost to its water resources and through pollution to its environment.

India's Trade in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumar, Shailendra

2015-01-01

India has had an extremely adverse balance of trade in education. Though only a minor education exporter through Mode 2, India is the world's second largest student-sending country. Nevertheless, given English as the medium of instruction especially in apex institutions, low tuition and cost of living, quite a few world-class institutions, and a…

Urbanization in Zambia. An International Urbanization Survey Report to the Ford Foundation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmance, Alan J. F.

This report reviews the "Seers Report," which contained policy guidelines for modern development planning in Zambia, and compares its findings to recent findings during the period 1963-1970. The Seers Report found that Zambia was the most urbanized country in Africa south of the Sahara (excluding South Africa). This report finds that…

78 FR 44934 - Sabine Pass Liquefaction, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-25

...-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non... equivalent of 88.3 billion standard cubic feet (Bcf) of natural gas per year), pursuant to the LNG Sale and... treatment for trade in natural gas (non-FTA countries) with which trade is not prohibited by U.S. law or...

32 CFR 250.7 - Pertinent portions of Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... form, including (1) Data released orally or visually at open conferences, lectures, trade show, or... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS WITHHOLDING OF UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC... technical data under the authority of this part. Export Administration Regulations 15 CFR 379.3 General...

32 CFR 250.7 - Pertinent portions of Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... form, including (1) Data released orally or visually at open conferences, lectures, trade show, or... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS WITHHOLDING OF UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC... technical data under the authority of this part. Export Administration Regulations 15 CFR 379.3 General...

32 CFR 250.7 - Pertinent portions of Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... form, including (1) Data released orally or visually at open conferences, lectures, trade show, or... SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS WITHHOLDING OF UNCLASSIFIED TECHNICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC... technical data under the authority of this part. Export Administration Regulations 15 CFR 379.3 General...

The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever in “Nonendemic” Regions of Zambia (1989–2015): Implications for Disease Prevention and Control

PubMed Central

Lubaba, Caesar H.; Kajihara, Masahiro; Mataa, Liywalii; Chambaro, Herman Moses; Sinkala, Yona; Munjita, Samuel Munalula; Nalubamba, King Shimumbo; Samui, Kenny; Pandey, Girja Shanker; Takada, Ayato; Mweene, Aaron S.

2017-01-01

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic disease of swine. In Zambia, ASF was first reported in 1912 in Eastern Province and is currently believed to be endemic in that province only. Strict quarantine measures implemented at the Luangwa River Bridge, the only surface outlet from Eastern Province, appeared to be successful in restricting the disease. However, in 1989, an outbreak occurred for the first time outside the endemic province. Sporadic outbreaks have since occurred almost throughout the country. These events have brought into acute focus our limited understanding of the epidemiology of ASF in Zambia. Here, we review the epidemiology of the disease in areas considered nonendemic from 1989 to 2015. Comprehensive sequence analysis conducted on genetic data of ASF viruses (ASFVs) detected in domestic pigs revealed that p72 genotypes I, II, VIII and XIV have been involved in causing ASF outbreaks in swine during the study period. With the exception of the 1989 outbreak, we found no concrete evidence of dissemination of ASFVs from Eastern Province to other parts of the country. Our analyses revealed a complex epidemiology of the disease with a possibility of sylvatic cycle involvement. Trade and/or movement of pigs and their products, both within and across international borders, appear to have been the major factor in ASFV dissemination. Since ASFVs with the potential to cause countrywide and possibly regional outbreaks, could emerge from “nonendemic regions”, the current ASF control policy in Zambia requires a dramatic shift to ensure a more sustainable pig industry. PMID:28832525

Sonatrach prepares for greater exports of natural gas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taleb, M.

1993-12-06

Algeria is increasing its capacity to export natural gas in order to reinforce its strong position in the growing international market. The country's reserves are estimated at more than 3.6 trillion cu m. Algerian energy and development policy is based on a rational exploitation of this resource. A liquefield natural gas (LNG) pioneer, Algeria has one of the world's most important LNG production capacities. With a location encouraging export to nearby countries, Algeria has an important place in the world natural gas market and an exclusive role within its trading region. The effort will especially focus on southern Europe. Themore » paper discusses Algeria's growing role in international markets, as well as local markets.« less

Virtual water flows and water-footprint of agricultural crop production, import and export: A case study for Israel.

PubMed

Shtull-Trauring, E; Bernstein, N

2018-05-01

Agriculture is the largest global consumer of freshwater. As the volume of international trade continues to rise, so does the understanding that trade of water-intensive crops from areas with high precipitation, to arid regions can help mitigate water scarcity, highlighting the importance of crop water accounting. Virtual-Water, or Water-Footprint [WF] of agricultural crops, is a powerful indicator for assessing the extent of water use by plants, contamination of water bodies by agricultural practices and trade between countries, which underlies any international trade of crops. Most available studies of virtual-water flows by import/export of agricultural commodities were based on global databases, which are considered to be of limited accuracy. The present study analyzes the WF of crop production, import, and export on a country level, using Israel as a case study, comparing data from two high-resolution local databases and two global datasets. Results for local datasets demonstrate a WF of ~1200Million Cubic Meters [MCM]/year) for total crop production, ~1000MCM/year for import and ~250MCM/year for export. Fruits and vegetables comprise ~80% of Export WF (~200MCM/year), ~50% of crop production and only ~20% of the imports. Economic Water Productivity [EWP] ($/m 3 ) for fruits and vegetables is 1.5 higher compared to other crops. Moreover, the results based on local and global datasets varied significantly, demonstrating the importance of developing high-resolution local datasets based on local crop coefficients. Performing high resolution WF analysis can help in developing agricultural policies that include support for low WF/high EWP and limit high WF/low EWP crop export, where water availability is limited. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

15 CFR 713.3 - Annual declaration and reporting requirements for exports and imports of Schedule 2 chemicals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... requirements for exports and imports of Schedule 2 chemicals. 713.3 Section 713.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION REGULATIONS ACTIVITIES INVOLVING SCHEDULE 2 CHEMICALS § 713.3 Annual...

"Lazy men", time-use, and rural development in Zambia.

PubMed

Whitehead, A

1999-11-01

This paper examines how work and the labor in agriculture in rural sub-Saharan Africa is measured. Section 1 presents a historical example of colonial discourses of the "lazy" African (the Lamba in Zambia). Section 2 analyzes a study carried out in rural Zambia to illustrate the relationship between stereotypes held by many Europeans, particular aspects of the colonial project, and the social relations brought about by colonialism. Section 3 examines the ways in which present work and labor approaches in sub-Saharan Africa embody value judgements which leads to distorted documentation of the division of labor between opposite genders. Sections 4 through 7 look at a time-use study conducted in Zambia and argue that studies of such nature create value judgement on what comprises work, and about how researchers and planners classify this. Overall, this article has demonstrated that time-use surveys may provide inadequate understanding of women and men's work in the absence of an understanding of the local context in which the work is undertaken, and of labor markets.

77 FR 72840 - CE FLNG, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... States natural gas pipeline system. CE FLNG states that the source of natural gas supply will come from... purchase gas for export from any point in the U.S. interstate pipeline system. CE FLNG states that this... Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non-Free Trade...

Implementation of quality systems by Mexican exporters of processed meat.

PubMed

Maldonado-Siman, E; Bernal-Alcántara, R; Cadena-Meneses, J A; Altamirano-Cárdenas, J R; Martinez-Hernández, P A

2014-12-01

Requirements of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) are becoming essential for international trade in food commodities as a safety assurance component. This research reports the level of the adoption of ISO 9000 and the HACCP system by Federal Inspection Type (TIF) pork-exporting enterprises. Implementation and operating costs are reported as well as the benefits involved in this food industry process. In Mexico, there are 97 companies classified as TIF enterprises, and 22 are registered as exporters of processed pork with the National Services for Safety and Quality and Animal Health of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food. Surveys were administered to 22 companies, with a 95.2% response rate. Enterprise characteristics were evaluated, as well as their operating activities. Fieldwork consisted of administering structured questionnaires to TIF exporters. All the surveyed enterprises had implemented HACCP, whereas the ISO 9000 regulation was applied in only 30%. Of total production, 75% is exported to 13 countries, and 25% goes to the Mexican market niche. Results indicate that the main factors for adopting HACCP are related to accessibility to international markets, improving quality, and reducing product quality audits by customers. The results also indicated that staff training was the most important issue. Microbiological testing was the highest cost of the operation. The main benefits reported were related to better access to international markets and a considerable reduction in microbial counts. This study shows the willingness of Mexican pork processors to implement food safety protocols for producing safe and quality products to compete in the international food trade.

Grand canonical validation of the bipartite international trade network.

PubMed

Straka, Mika J; Caldarelli, Guido; Saracco, Fabio

2017-08-01

Devising strategies for economic development in a globally competitive landscape requires a solid and unbiased understanding of countries' technological advancements and similarities among export products. Both can be addressed through the bipartite representation of the International Trade Network. In this paper, we apply the recently proposed grand canonical projection algorithm to uncover country and product communities. Contrary to past endeavors, our methodology, based on information theory, creates monopartite projections in an unbiased and analytically tractable way. Single links between countries or products represent statistically significant signals, which are not accounted for by null models such as the bipartite configuration model. We find stable country communities reflecting the socioeconomic distinction in developed, newly industrialized, and developing countries. Furthermore, we observe product clusters based on the aforementioned country groups. Our analysis reveals the existence of a complicated structure in the bipartite International Trade Network: apart from the diversification of export baskets from the most basic to the most exclusive products, we observe a statistically significant signal of an export specialization mechanism towards more sophisticated products.

Grand canonical validation of the bipartite international trade network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Straka, Mika J.; Caldarelli, Guido; Saracco, Fabio

2017-08-01

Devising strategies for economic development in a globally competitive landscape requires a solid and unbiased understanding of countries' technological advancements and similarities among export products. Both can be addressed through the bipartite representation of the International Trade Network. In this paper, we apply the recently proposed grand canonical projection algorithm to uncover country and product communities. Contrary to past endeavors, our methodology, based on information theory, creates monopartite projections in an unbiased and analytically tractable way. Single links between countries or products represent statistically significant signals, which are not accounted for by null models such as the bipartite configuration model. We find stable country communities reflecting the socioeconomic distinction in developed, newly industrialized, and developing countries. Furthermore, we observe product clusters based on the aforementioned country groups. Our analysis reveals the existence of a complicated structure in the bipartite International Trade Network: apart from the diversification of export baskets from the most basic to the most exclusive products, we observe a statistically significant signal of an export specialization mechanism towards more sophisticated products.

Virtual water trade and time scales for loss of water sustainability: A comparative regional analysis

PubMed Central

Goswami, Prashant; Nishad, Shiv Narayan

2015-01-01

Assessment and policy design for sustainability in primary resources like arable land and water need to adopt long-term perspective; even small but persistent effects like net export of water may influence sustainability through irreversible losses. With growing consumption, this virtual water trade has become an important element in the water sustainability of a nation. We estimate and contrast the virtual (embedded) water trades of two populous nations, India and China, to present certain quantitative measures and time scales. Estimates show that export of embedded water alone can lead to loss of water sustainability. With the current rate of net export of water (embedded) in the end products, India is poised to lose its entire available water in less than 1000 years; much shorter time scales are implied in terms of water for production. The two cases contrast and exemplify sustainable and non-sustainable virtual water trade in long term perspective. PMID:25790964

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Supplement to IUCN Bulletin, 1973

1973-01-01

Concern for the endangered species of wild animals and plants of the world prompted the drafting of this international convention regulating the import, export, and re-export of such species. Nations signing this document are required to impose strict controls on the international trade of these plants and animals or their recognizable parts. The…

[Research on ginseng trade competitiveness between China and Korea].

PubMed

Xin, Min-Tong; Yang, Guang; Tang, Xiao-Jing

2017-05-01

Ginseng is one of China's valuable Chinese herbal medicines, with a long using history. Ginseng has worldwide reputation, and widely used in food, medicine, health products, cosmetics and other production. China and South Korea have a big ginseng industrial, and sharing half of the export market. The ginseng export competitiveness analysis seems important and necessary between China and South Korea. In this paper, the data of customs and trade of ginseng in COMTRADE database were studied, and ginseng export competitiveness was analyzed between China and Korea. The results showed that the ginseng export competitiveness of Korean more competitive than China. Contrast with China, South Korea using only 15% total amount of ginseng exports and produced the same total export amount. This article has the reference value to the traditional Chinese medicine resources management and the economics research. On this basis, this paper further discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in the development of ginseng industry in China. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Statistical mechanics of the international trade network.

PubMed

Fronczak, Agata; Fronczak, Piotr

2012-05-01

Analyzing real data on international trade covering the time interval 1950-2000, we show that in each year over the analyzed period the network is a typical representative of the ensemble of maximally random weighted networks, whose directed connections (bilateral trade volumes) are only characterized by the product of the trading countries' GDPs. It means that time evolution of this network may be considered as a continuous sequence of equilibrium states, i.e., a quasistatic process. This, in turn, allows one to apply the linear response theory to make (and also verify) simple predictions about the network. In particular, we show that bilateral trade fulfills a fluctuation-response theorem, which states that the average relative change in imports (exports) between two countries is a sum of the relative changes in their GDPs. Yearly changes in trade volumes prove that the theorem is valid.

Statistical mechanics of the international trade network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fronczak, Agata; Fronczak, Piotr

2012-05-01

Analyzing real data on international trade covering the time interval 1950-2000, we show that in each year over the analyzed period the network is a typical representative of the ensemble of maximally random weighted networks, whose directed connections (bilateral trade volumes) are only characterized by the product of the trading countries' GDPs. It means that time evolution of this network may be considered as a continuous sequence of equilibrium states, i.e., a quasistatic process. This, in turn, allows one to apply the linear response theory to make (and also verify) simple predictions about the network. In particular, we show that bilateral trade fulfills a fluctuation-response theorem, which states that the average relative change in imports (exports) between two countries is a sum of the relative changes in their GDPs. Yearly changes in trade volumes prove that the theorem is valid.

U.S. international trade and freight transportation trends

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

As the world's largest trading nation, the United States imports and exports more merchandise than any other country. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks exacerbated an economic slowdown already in progress, resulting in a marked decline in U.S...

Causes and Remedies for Errors in International Forest Products Trade Data: Examples from the Hardwood Trade Statistics

Treesearch

William G. Luppold; William G. Luppold

1995-01-01

The quality of data concerning international hardwood products trade declined in the 1980s because of several problems associated with the collection and processing of individual export transaction records. This note examines the source, impact, and remedies for data problems caused by data screening procedures, nonreporting, recording errors, and alternative...

Twists, turns and trade: a new look at the Indian Screw tree (Helicteres isora).

PubMed

Cunningham, A B; Ingram, W; Brinckmann, J A; Nesbitt, M

2018-06-23

This is the first study of global trade in fruits of the widely used traditional medicine, Helicteres isora L.. It is used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani medical systems and/or local folk traditional medicines in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. The roots are used in Traditional Chinese Medicines in China and the fruits in jamu products in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. In addition, H. isora fruits are also used in "traditional" medical systems far beyond the natural distribition of this species, for example in Zulu herbal medicine (South Africa) and Kurdish herbal medicines (Iraq) AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study had three aims: (i) to assess the global trade in H. isora fruits; (ii) to study the H. isora trade from West Timor to Java in terms of actors and prices along the value chain and (iii) to get a better understanding of the potential of this species to improve household income in eastern Indonesia MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study uses historical records, a contemporary analysis of global trade data (2014-2016) and field assessments of value chains and the biological factors influencing H. isora fruit production. Globally, the major exporter of H. isora fruits is India, which exports H. isora fruits to 19 countries, far beyond the natural geographical distribution of this species. Over a 36-month period (January 2014 - December 2016), India exported 392 t of H. isora fruits, with a Free-On-Board (FOB) value of Indian rupiah (INR) 18,337,000 (US$ 274,055). This represents an average annual export quantity of about 130,526kg/year. Over this three year period, most of these exports (85.5%) were to Indonesia (346.58 t), followed by Thailand (6.85%). Indian H. isora exports are also used in many other medical systems, including Kurdish and Zulu "traditional" medicines in Iraq and South Africa. Formation of an Indian diaspora in Bahrain, Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania and Trinidad and Tobago over the past 130 years is one of the drivers of H. isora fruit trade

200 junior doctors sacked in Zambia.

PubMed

Ahmad, K

2000-07-29

Since December 1999 junior doctors in Zambia have been on strike, demanding from the government better working conditions, better pay, and improvements in hospital services. However, on June 20, 2000, around 200 junior doctors were dismissed by the Zambian government, who asserts that the action was taken in the public¿s interest. Nevertheless, the doctors argue that the move came at a time when the country is struggling with a critical shortage of doctors and with an HIV/AIDS crisis. In addition, health policy experts say that the dismissal could further undermine the alarming conditions of Zambia's health care system. It is noted that there are only 800 doctors registered with the Zambian Medical Council, but WHO estimates that the country needs 1500 clinicians. To meet such a shortage, the government has hired Cuban and Chinese doctors. They are paid more and given more benefits than the Zambian doctors, generating complaints from the president of the junior doctors' representative body.

Contextualizing Embodied Resources in Global Food Trade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacDonald, G. K.; Brauman, K. A.; Sun, S.; West, P. C.; Carlson, K. M.; Cassidy, E. S.; Gerber, J. S.; Ray, D. K.

2014-12-01

Trade in agricultural commodities has created increasingly complex linkages between resource use and food supplies across national borders. Understanding the degree to which food production and consumption relies on trade is vital to understanding how to sustainably meet growing food demands across scales. We use detailed bilateral trade statistics and data on agricultural management to examine the land use and water consumption embodied in agricultural trade, which we relate to basic nutritional indicators to show how trade contributes to food availability worldwide. Agricultural trade carries enough calories to provide >1.7 billion people a basic diet each year. We identify key commodities and producer-consumer relationships that disproportionately contribute to embodied resource use and flows of food nutrition at the global scale. For example, just 15 disproportionately large soybean trades comprised ~10% the total harvested area embodied in export production. We conclude by framing these results in terms of the fraction of each country's food production and consumption that is linked to international trade. These findings help to characterize how countries allocate resources to domestic versus foreign food demand.

Bismarck in the Bush: Year 12 Write Zambia's History for Zambian Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Peter

2011-01-01

Peter Gray explains how his Year 12 students came to research and write a resource on the history of Zambia, for history teachers "in" Zambia. The construction of the resource stretched the Year 12 students in new ways: the Internet was useless and there were no easy digests in A-Level textbooks to get them started. They would have to…

7 CFR 319.56-43 - Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia. 319.56-43... § 319.56-43 Baby corn and baby carrots from Zambia. (a) Immature, dehusked “baby” sweet corn (Zea mays L..., which is a field, where the corn has been grown must have been inspected at least once during the...

Collection and trade of wild-harvested orchids in Nepal.

PubMed

Subedi, Abishkar; Kunwar, Bimal; Choi, Young; Dai, Yuntao; van Andel, Tinde; Chaudhary, Ram P; de Boer, Hugo J; Gravendeel, Barbara

2013-08-31

Wild orchids are illegally harvested and traded in Nepal for use in local traditional medicine, horticulture, and international trade. This study aims to: 1) identify the diversity of species of wild orchids in trade in Nepal; 2) study the chain of commercialization from collector to client and/or export; 3) map traditional knowledge and medicinal use of orchids; and 4) integrate the collected data to propose a more sustainable approach to orchid conservation in Nepal. Trade, species diversity, and traditional use of wild-harvested orchids were documented during field surveys of markets and through interviews. Trade volumes and approximate income were estimated based on surveys and current market prices. Orchid material samples were identified to species level using a combination of morphology and DNA barcoding. Orchid trade is a long tradition, and illegal export to China, India and Hong Kong is rife. Estimates show that 9.4 tons of wild orchids were illegally traded from the study sites during 2008/2009. A total of 60 species of wild orchids were reported to be used in traditional medicinal practices to cure at least 38 different ailments, including energizers, aphrodisiacs and treatments of burnt skin, fractured or dislocated bones, headaches, fever and wounds. DNA barcoding successfully identified orchid material to species level that remained sterile after culturing. Collection of wild orchids was found to be widespread in Nepal, but illegal trade is threatening many species in the wild. Establishment of small-scale sustainable orchid breeding enterprises could be a valuable alternative for the production of medicinal orchids for local communities. Critically endangered species should be placed on CITES Appendix I to provide extra protection to those species. DNA barcoding is an effective method for species identification and monitoring of illegal cross-border trade.

Collection and trade of wild-harvested orchids in Nepal

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Wild orchids are illegally harvested and traded in Nepal for use in local traditional medicine, horticulture, and international trade. This study aims to: 1) identify the diversity of species of wild orchids in trade in Nepal; 2) study the chain of commercialization from collector to client and/or export; 3) map traditional knowledge and medicinal use of orchids; and 4) integrate the collected data to propose a more sustainable approach to orchid conservation in Nepal. Methods Trade, species diversity, and traditional use of wild-harvested orchids were documented during field surveys of markets and through interviews. Trade volumes and approximate income were estimated based on surveys and current market prices. Orchid material samples were identified to species level using a combination of morphology and DNA barcoding. Results Orchid trade is a long tradition, and illegal export to China, India and Hong Kong is rife. Estimates show that 9.4 tons of wild orchids were illegally traded from the study sites during 2008/2009. A total of 60 species of wild orchids were reported to be used in traditional medicinal practices to cure at least 38 different ailments, including energizers, aphrodisiacs and treatments of burnt skin, fractured or dislocated bones, headaches, fever and wounds. DNA barcoding successfully identified orchid material to species level that remained sterile after culturing. Conclusions Collection of wild orchids was found to be widespread in Nepal, but illegal trade is threatening many species in the wild. Establishment of small-scale sustainable orchid breeding enterprises could be a valuable alternative for the production of medicinal orchids for local communities. Critically endangered species should be placed on CITES Appendix I to provide extra protection to those species. DNA barcoding is an effective method for species identification and monitoring of illegal cross-border trade. PMID:24004516

Strategies for Living with the Challenges of HIV and Antiretroviral Use in Zambia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Deborah; Zulu, Isaac; Mumbi, Miriam; Chitalu, Ndashi; Vamos, Szonja; Gomez, Jacqueline; Weiss, Stephen M.

2009-01-01

This study sought to identify strategies for living with the challenges of HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) use among new medication users in urban Zambia. Participants (n = 160) were recruited from urban Lusaka, Zambia. Qualitative Data was drawn from monthly ARV treatment education intervention groups addressing HIV and antiretroviral use. Themes…

Mwabu: Interactive Education in Zambia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Jenny; Postlewhite, Kerry

2017-01-01

Africa has more people younger than 20 years old than anywhere in the world, and the continent's population is set to double to two billion by 2050. Asking whether that is a challenge or an opportunity isn't really the right question because it is both. For Mwabu, an education technology company born and bred in Zambia, the more important question…

The Zambia Children's KS-HHV8 Study: Rationale, Study Design, and Study Methods

PubMed Central

Minhas, Veenu; Crabtree, Kay L.; Chao, Ann; Wojcicki, Janet M.; Sifuniso, Adrian M.; Nkonde, Catherine; Kankasa, Chipepo; Mitchell, Charles D.; Wood, Charles

2011-01-01

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus in Zambia has led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)–associated Kaposi's sarcoma in both adults and children. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the routes of HHV-8 transmission to young children. The Zambia Children's KS-HHV8 Study, a large, prospective cohort study in Lusaka, Zambia, was launched in 2004 to investigate the role of household members as a source of HHV-8 infection in young children and social behaviors that may modify the risk of HHV-8 acquisition. This cohort is distinct from other epidemiologic studies designed to investigate HHV-8 incidence and transmission because it recruited and followed complete households in the urban central African context. Between July 2004 and March 2007, 1,600 households were screened; 368 households comprising 464 children and 1,335 caregivers and household members were enrolled. Follow-up of this population continued for 48 months postrecruitment, affording a unique opportunity to study horizontal transmission of HHV-8 and understand the routes and sources of transmission to young children in Zambia. The authors describe the study rationale, design, execution, and characteristics of this cohort, which provides critical data on the epidemiology and transmission of HHV-8 to young children in Zambia. PMID:21447476

Aspergillus section Flavi community structure in Zambia influences aflatoxin contamination of maize and groundnut.

PubMed

Kachapulula, Paul W; Akello, Juliet; Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit; Cotty, Peter J

2017-11-16

Aflatoxins are cancer-causing, immuno-suppressive mycotoxins that frequently contaminate important staples in Zambia including maize and groundnut. Several species within Aspergillus section Flavi have been implicated as causal agents of aflatoxin contamination in Africa. However, Aspergillus populations associated with aflatoxin contamination in Zambia have not been adequately detailed. Most of Zambia's arable land is non-cultivated and Aspergillus communities in crops may originate in non-cultivated soil. However, relationships between Aspergillus populations on crops and those resident in non-cultivated soils have not been explored. Because characterization of similar fungal populations outside of Zambia have resulted in strategies to prevent aflatoxins, the current study sought to improve understanding of fungal communities in cultivated and non-cultivated soils and in crops. Crops (n=412) and soils from cultivated (n=160) and non-cultivated land (n=60) were assayed for Aspergillus section Flavi from 2012 to 2016. The L-strain morphotype of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were dominant on maize and groundnut (60% and 42% of Aspergillus section Flavi, respectively). Incidences of A. flavus L-morphotype were negatively correlated with aflatoxin in groundnut (log y=2.4990935-0.09966x, R 2 =0.79, P=0.001) but not in maize. Incidences of A. parasiticus partially explained groundnut aflatoxin concentrations in all agroecologies and maize aflatoxin in agroecology III (log y=0.1956034+0.510379x, R 2 =0.57, P<0.001) supporting A. parasiticus as the dominant etiologic agent of aflatoxin contamination in Zambia. Communities in both non-cultivated and cultivated soils were dominated by A. parasiticus (69% and 58%, respectively). Aspergillus parasiticus from cultivated and non-cultivated land produced statistically similar concentrations of aflatoxins. Aflatoxin-producers causing contamination of crops in Zambia may be native and, originate from non-cultivated areas

International Trade, Pollution Accumulation and Sustainable Growth: A VAR Estimation from the Pearl River Delta Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuo, Hui; Tian, Lu

2018-03-01

In order to investigate international trade influence in the regional environment. This paper constructs a vector auto-regression (VAR) model and estimates the equations with the environment and trade data of the Pearl River Delta Region. The major mechanisms to the lag are discussed and the fit simulation of the environmental change by the international impulse is given. The result shows that impulse of pollution-intensive export deteriorates the environment continuously and impulse of such import improves it. These effects on the environment are insignificantly correlated with contemporary regional income but significantly correlative to early-stage trade feature. To a typical trade-dependent economy, both export and import have hysteresis influence in the regional environment. The lagged impulse will change environmental development in the turning point, maximal pollution level and convergence.

Improving paediatric asthma care in Zambia

PubMed Central

Jumbe-Marsden, Emilia; Mateyo, Kondwelani; Senkwe, Mutale Nsakashalo; Sotomayor-Ruiz, Maria; Musuku, John; Soriano, Joan B; Ancochea, Julio; Fishman, Mark C

2015-01-01

Abstract Problem In 2008, the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Zambia was unknown and the national treatment guideline was outdated. Approach We created an international partnership between Zambian clinicians, the Zambian Government and a pharmaceutical company to address shortcomings in asthma treatment. We did two studies, one to estimate prevalence in the capital of Lusaka and one to assess attitudes and practices of patients. Based on the information obtained, we educated health workers and the public. The information from the studies was also used to modernize government policy for paediatric asthma management. Local setting The health-care system in Zambia is primarily focused on acute care delivery with a focus on infectious diseases. Comprehensive services for noncommunicable diseases are lacking. Asthma management relies on treatment of acute exacerbations instead of disease control. Relevant changes Seven percent of children surveyed had asthma (255/3911). Of the 120 patients interviewed, most (82/120, 68%) used oral short-acting β2-agonists for symptom control; almost half (59/120, 49%) did not think the symptoms were preventable and 43% (52/120) thought inhalers were addictive. These misconceptions informed broad-based educational programmes. We used a train-the-trainer model to educate health-care workers and ran public awareness campaigns. Access to inhalers was increased and the Zambian standard treatment guideline for paediatric asthma was revised to include steroid inhalers as a control treatment. Lessons learnt Joint activities were required to change paediatric asthma care in Zambia. Success will depend on local sustainability, and it may be necessary to shift resources to mirror the disease burden. PMID:26600616

Water resources conservation and nitrogen pollution reduction under global food trade and agricultural intensification.

PubMed

Liu, Wenfeng; Yang, Hong; Liu, Yu; Kummu, Matti; Hoekstra, Arjen Y; Liu, Junguo; Schulin, Rainer

2018-08-15

Global food trade entails virtual flows of agricultural resources and pollution across countries. Here we performed a global-scale assessment of impacts of international food trade on blue water use, total water use, and nitrogen (N) inputs and on N losses in maize, rice, and wheat production. We simulated baseline conditions for the year 2000 and explored the impacts of an agricultural intensification scenario, in which low-input countries increase N and irrigation inputs to a greater extent than high-input countries. We combined a crop model with the Global Trade Analysis Project model. Results show that food exports generally occurred from regions with lower water and N use intensities, defined here as water and N uses in relation to crop yields, to regions with higher resources use intensities. Globally, food trade thus conserved a large amount of water resources and N applications, and also substantially reduced N losses. The trade-related conservation in blue water use reached 85km 3 y -1 , accounting for more than half of total blue water use for producing the three crops. Food exported from the USA contributed the largest proportion of global water and N conservation as well as N loss reduction, but also led to substantial export-associated N losses in the country itself. Under the intensification scenario, the converging water and N use intensities across countries result in a more balanced world; crop trade will generally decrease, and global water resources conservation and N pollution reduction associated with the trade will reduce accordingly. The study provides useful information to understand the implications of agricultural intensification for international crop trade, crop water use and N pollution patterns in the world. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of gender and age on choice of flood adaptation strategies: A case study of Zambia and Namibia..

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mabuku, Monde

2017-04-01

It is reported that flood events will increase due to variability and change in climate, thus increasing the number of people exposed to flooding disasters. This exposure negatively impacts rural households' livelihoods. Women, men, young, old has distinctive vulnerability and this shapes the choice of flood adaptation strategies. This calls for a need to adopt group specific interventions to strengthen local adaptive capacity to flooding for the affected population. The purpose of this case study was to determine the adaptation strategies to floods adopted by rural households in the Zambezi region of Namibia and Mwandi district of Zambia. The study further examined how gender and age influenced the choice of different adaptation strategies. Six focus group meetings and a questionnaire survey of 207 randomly sampled households were conducted in the flood prone areas of the study. Descriptive statistics results on the adaptation strategies indicated that a majority of the households in Namibia learnt to live with floods (86%),practiced mafisa cattle trade (86%), flood water harvesting (68%), practiced early and late planting (63%), prayed (55%), practiced conservation agriculture (54%) and fish farming (53%). In Zambia the adaptation strategies were; conservation agriculture (91%), acquiring better skills on preparedness (66%), flood water harvesting (63%), praying (60%), and flood proofing (52%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age positively and significantly influenced the likelihood of taking up adaptation strategies such as tree planting, relocation to higher ground, flood water harvesting, early and late planting. The older the respondents the more likely they were to adopt the strategies mentioned. More young ones were more likely to adopt acquiring better skills on flood preparedness and mafisa cattle trading than the old ones. Gender positively and significantly influenced mafisa cattle trade (p<0.01), male headed households were more likely to

The Role of Open and Distance Learning in the Implementation of the Right to Education in Zambia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siaciwena, Richard; Lubinda, Foster

2008-01-01

As a member of the United Nations, Zambia is committed to the observance of human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This is evidenced, among others, by the fact that Zambia is a signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Zambia has a…

Insecticide-treated nets mass distribution campaign: benefits and lessons in Zambia.

PubMed

Masaninga, Freddie; Mukumbuta, Nawa; Ndhlovu, Ketty; Hamainza, Busiku; Wamulume, Pauline; Chanda, Emmanuel; Banda, John; Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy; Miller, John M; Ameneshewa, Birkinesh; Mnzava, Abraham; Kawesha-Chizema, Elizabeth

2018-04-24

Zambia was an early adopter of insecticide-treated nets strategy in 2001, and policy for mass distribution with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in 2005. Since then, the country has implemented mass distribution supplemented with routine delivery through antenatal care and under five clinics in health facilities. The national targets of universal (100%) coverage and 80% utilization of LLINs have not been attained. Free mass LLIN distribution campaign in Zambia offers important lessons to inform future campaigns in the African region. This study reviewed LLIN free mass distribution campaign information derived from Zambia's national and World Health Organization Global Malaria Programme annual reports and strategic plans published between 2001 and 2016. In 2014, a nationwide mass distribution campaign in Zambia delivered all the 6.0 million LLINs in 6 out of 10 provinces in 4 months between June and September before the onset of the rainy season. Compared with 235,800 LLINs and 2.9 million LLINs distributed on a rolling basis in 2008 and 2013, respectively, the 2014 mass campaign, which distributed 6 million LLINs represented the largest one-time-nationwide LLIN distribution in Zambia. The province (Luapula) with highest malaria transmission, mostly with rural settings recorded 98-100% sleeping spaces in homes covered with LLINs. The percentage of households owning at least 1 LLIN increased from 50.9% in 2006 to 77.7% in 2015. The 2014 mass campaign involved a coordinated response with substantial investments into macro (central) and micro (district) level planning, capacity building, tracking and logistics management supported by a new non-health sector partnership landscape. Coordination of LLIN distribution and logistics benefited from the mobile phone technology to transmit "real time" data on commodity tracking that facilitated timely delivery to districts. Free mass distribution of LLINs policy was adopted in 2005 in Zambia. Consistently implemented

Bridging the Scholar-Practitioner Gap: The San Antonio Export Leaders Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Sara C.

2013-01-01

Bridging the gap between theory and practice enables trade service providers to effectively reach the small business community interested in entering foreign markets. This paper describes how the award-winning San Antonio Export Leaders program is a model for applying theoretical concepts to the practice of international business.

Impact of a U.S.-Mexico free trade agreement on the Texas Highway Network

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-07-01

The study examines the effect that increased trade with Mexico, as a result of the passage of NAFTA, will have on the Texas highway network. A dominant portion of overland trade between the U.S. and Mexico travels through Texas. Exports to and import...

Bilateral Trade Flows and Income Distribution Similarity.

PubMed

Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada; Vollmer, Sebastian

2016-01-01

Current models of bilateral trade neglect the effects of income distribution. This paper addresses the issue by accounting for non-homothetic consumer preferences and hence investigating the role of income distribution in the context of the gravity model of trade. A theoretically justified gravity model is estimated for disaggregated trade data (Dollar volume is used as dependent variable) using a sample of 104 exporters and 108 importers for 1980-2003 to achieve two main goals. We define and calculate new measures of income distribution similarity and empirically confirm that greater similarity of income distribution between countries implies more trade. Using distribution-based measures as a proxy for demand similarities in gravity models, we find consistent and robust support for the hypothesis that countries with more similar income-distributions trade more with each other. The hypothesis is also confirmed at disaggregated level for differentiated product categories.

Bilateral Trade Flows and Income Distribution Similarity

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Current models of bilateral trade neglect the effects of income distribution. This paper addresses the issue by accounting for non-homothetic consumer preferences and hence investigating the role of income distribution in the context of the gravity model of trade. A theoretically justified gravity model is estimated for disaggregated trade data (Dollar volume is used as dependent variable) using a sample of 104 exporters and 108 importers for 1980–2003 to achieve two main goals. We define and calculate new measures of income distribution similarity and empirically confirm that greater similarity of income distribution between countries implies more trade. Using distribution-based measures as a proxy for demand similarities in gravity models, we find consistent and robust support for the hypothesis that countries with more similar income-distributions trade more with each other. The hypothesis is also confirmed at disaggregated level for differentiated product categories. PMID:27137462

Patterns of Rift Valley fever activity in Zambia.

PubMed Central

Davies, F. G.; Kilelu, E.; Linthicum, K. J.; Pegram, R. G.

1992-01-01

An hypothesis that there was an annual emergence of Rift Valley fever virus in Zambia, during or after the seasonal rains, was examined with the aid of sentinel cattle. Serum samples taken during 1974 and 1978 showed evidence of epizootic Rift Valley fever in Zambia, with more than 80% positive. A sentinel herd exposed from 1982 to 1986 showed that some Rift Valley fever occurred each year. This was usually at a low level, with 3-8% of the susceptible cattle seroconverting. In 1985-6 more than 20% of the animals seroconverted, and this greater activity was associated with vegetational changes--which could be detected by remote-sensing satellite imagery--which have also been associated with greater virus activity in Kenya. PMID:1547835

Intra-EU agricultural trade, virtual water flows and policy implications.

PubMed

Antonelli, M; Tamea, S; Yang, H

2017-06-01

The development of approaches to tackle the European Union (EU) water-related challenges and shift towards sustainable water management and use is one of the main objectives of Horizon 2020, the EU strategy to lead a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The EU is an increasingly water challenged area and is a major agricultural trader. As agricultural trade entails an exchange of water embodied in goods as a factor of production, this study investigates the region's water-food-trade nexus by analysing intra-regional virtual water trade (VWT) in agricultural products. The analysed period (1993-2011) comprises the enactment of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the year 2000. Aspects of the VWT that are relevant for the WFD are explored. The EU is a net importer of virtual water (VW) from the rest of the world, but intra-regional VWT represents 46% of total imports and 75% of total exports. Five countries account for 60% of total VW imports (Germany, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium) and 65% of total VW exports (The Netherlands, France, Germany, Belgium and Spain). Intra-EU VWT more than doubled over the period considered, while trade with extra-EU countries did not show such a marked trend. In the same period, blue VWT increased significantly within the region and net import from the rest of the world slightly decreased. Water scarce countries, such as Spain and Italy, are major exporters of blue water in the region. The traded volumes of VW have been increasing almost monotonically over the years, and with a substantial increase after 2000. The overall trend in changes in VWT does not seem to be in accordance with the WFD goals. This study demonstrated that VWT analyses can help evaluate intertwining effects of water, agriculture and trade policies which are often made separately in respective sectors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

50 CFR 23.74 - How can I trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... personal sport-hunted trophies? 23.74 Section 23.74 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies? (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. Except as provided for personal and household effects in § 23.15, the import, export, or re-export of sport...

50 CFR 23.74 - How can I trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... personal sport-hunted trophies? 23.74 Section 23.74 Wildlife and Fisheries UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE... trade internationally in personal sport-hunted trophies? (a) U.S. and foreign general provisions. Except as provided for personal and household effects in § 23.15, the import, export, or re-export of sport...

Identifying the Community Structure of the Food-Trade International Multi-Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Torreggiani, S.; Mangioni, G.

2018-01-01

Achieving international food security requires improved understanding of how international trade networks connect countries around the world through the import-export flows of food commodities. The properties of international food trade networks are still poorly documented, especially from a multi-network perspective. In particular, nothing is known about the multi-network's community structure. Here we find that the individual crop-specific layers of the multi-network have densely connected trading groups, a consistent characteristic over the period 2001-2011. Further, the multi-network is characterized by low variability over this period but with substantial heterogeneity across layers in each year. In particular, the layers are mostly assortative: more-intensively connected countries tend to import from and export to countries that are themselves more connected. We also fit econometric models to identify social, economic and geographic factors explaining the probability that any two countries are co-present in the same community. Our estimates indicate that the probability of country pairs belonging to the same food trade community depends more on geopolitical and economic factors-such as geographical proximity and trade-agreement co-membership-than on country economic size and/or income. These community-structure findings of the multi-network are especially valuable for efforts to understand past and emerging dynamics in the global food system, especially those that examine potential 'shocks' to global food trade.

Identifying the community structure of the food-trade international multi-network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torreggiani, S.; Mangioni, G.; Puma, M. J.; Fagiolo, G.

2018-05-01

Achieving international food security requires improved understanding of how international trade networks connect countries around the world through the import-export flows of food commodities. The properties of international food trade networks are still poorly documented, especially from a multi-network perspective. In particular, nothing is known about the multi-network’s community structure. Here we find that the individual crop-specific layers of the multi-network have densely connected trading groups, a consistent characteristic over the period 2001–2011. Further, the multi-network is characterized by low variability over this period but with substantial heterogeneity across layers in each year. In particular, the layers are mostly assortative: more-intensively connected countries tend to import from and export to countries that are themselves more connected. We also fit econometric models to identify social, economic and geographic factors explaining the probability that any two countries are co-present in the same community. Our estimates indicate that the probability of country pairs belonging to the same food trade community depends more on geopolitical and economic factors—such as geographical proximity and trade-agreement co-membership—than on country economic size and/or income. These community-structure findings of the multi-network are especially valuable for efforts to understand past and emerging dynamics in the global food system, especially those that examine potential ‘shocks’ to global food trade.

78 FR 75332 - Foreign-Trade Zone 61-San Juan, Puerto Rico Application for Subzone, Parapiezas Corporation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [S-65-2013] Foreign-Trade Zone 61--San Juan, Puerto Rico Application for Subzone, Parapiezas Corporation Amendment of Application The Puerto Rico Trade & Export Company, grantee of FTZ 61, has amended its application requesting subzone status for the facility of Parapiezas Corporation (78 FR 28800...

50 CFR 23.36 - What are the requirements for an export permit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Ginseng Appendix-I Plants Artificially Propagated for Commercial Purposes Biological Specimens Captive... noncommercial purposes. (See § 23.46 for the export of specimens that originated at a commercial breeding... IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD...

50 CFR 23.36 - What are the requirements for an export permit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Ginseng Appendix-I Plants Artificially Propagated for Commercial Purposes Biological Specimens Captive... noncommercial purposes. (See § 23.46 for the export of specimens that originated at a commercial breeding... IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD...

50 CFR 23.36 - What are the requirements for an export permit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Ginseng Appendix-I Plants Artificially Propagated for Commercial Purposes Biological Specimens Captive... noncommercial purposes. (See § 23.46 for the export of specimens that originated at a commercial breeding... IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD...

50 CFR 23.36 - What are the requirements for an export permit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Ginseng Appendix-I Plants Artificially Propagated for Commercial Purposes Biological Specimens Captive... noncommercial purposes. (See § 23.46 for the export of specimens that originated at a commercial breeding... IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS (CONTINUED) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD...

77 FR 10933 - Maximizing the Effectiveness of Federal Programs and Functions Supporting Trade and Investment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-23

... departments and agencies, and would include an office dedicated to expanding foreign investment and assisting... Government's trade, foreign investment, export, and business programs and functions. Accordingly, to further... sustainable economic growth through trade and foreign investment, and to ensure the effective [[Page 10936...

Increased trade spurs growth in North American freight transportation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-05-01

Freight Transportation between the United States and our North American Free Trade Agreement partners Canada and Mexico continues to grow at a strong pace. In 2006, the U.S. transportation system carried goods for export worth $364 billion an...

31 CFR 560.515 - 30-day delayed effective date for pre-May 7, 1995 trade contracts involving Iran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-May 7, 1995 trade contracts involving Iran. 560.515 Section 560.515 Money and Finance: Treasury....515 30-day delayed effective date for pre-May 7, 1995 trade contracts involving Iran. (a) All... involving Iran (a pre-existing trade contract), including the exportation of goods, services (including...

Natural gas imports and exports. Second quarter report 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-12-31

This quarter`s feature report focuses on natural gas exports to Mexico. OFP invites ideas from the public on future topics dealing with North American natural gas import/export trade. Such suggestions should be left on OFP`s electronic bulletin board. Natural Gas exports to Mexico continued to grow and reached an historic high for the month of June (7.8 Bcf). Two new long-term contracts were activated; Pennsylvania Gas & Water Company began importing 14.7 MMcf per day from TransCanada PipeLines Ltd., and Renaissance Energy (U.S.) Inc. began importing 2.8 MMcf per day from Renaissance Energy Ltd. for resale to Delmarva Power &more » Light Company. Algerian LNG imports remained stagnant with only one tanker being imported by Pan National Gas Sales, Inc. (Pan National). During the first six months of 1995, data indicates gas imports increased by about 10 percent over the 1994 level (1,418 vs. 1,285 Bcf), with Canadian imports increasing by 14 percent and Algerian imports decreasing by 81 percent. During the same time period, exports increased by 18 percent (83 vs. 70.1 Bcf).« less