JPRS Report, East Europe, Reference Aid, Abbreviations in the Yugoslav Press.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-29

Geoloski zavod (Zagreb) GZ Gradjanski zakonik GZ gradjevinska zadruga GZH Graficki zavod Hrvatske (Zagreb) GZP gradjevinsko zadrufno preduzece... GZP gradjevinsko zanatsko preduzece GZS Glavni zadruZni savez Geological Institute Civil Code building cooperative Printing Works of Croatia

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Economic Affairs, Reference Aid, Directory of the USSR Ministry of Railways.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-11

Railcar Repair Plant (Ulari-Udenskiy lokomotivo-vagonoremontnyy zavod) Chief Korenev , Aleksandr Stepanovich ap 04 Aug 90 Astapenko, Nikolay...Kopeykin, Sergey Vladimirovich, 37 Kordakov, Vitally Aleksandrovich, 92 Korenchenko, Valeriy Vyacheslavovich, 47 Korenev , Aleksandr Stepanovich

Astronomy. Inspiration. Art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stanic, N.

2008-10-01

This paper speculates how poetry and other kind of arts are tightly related to astronomy. Hence the connection between art and natural sciences in general will be discussed in the frame of ongoing multidisciplinary project `Astronomy. Inspiration. Art' at Public Observatory in Belgrade (started in 2004). This project tends to inspire (better to say `infect') artist with a cosmic themes and fantastic sceneries of the Universe. At the very beginning of the project, Serbian poet and philosopher Laza Lazić (who published 49 books of poetry, stories and novels), as well as writer Gordana Maletić (with 25 published novels for children) were interested to work on The Inspiration by Astronomical Phenomena in Serbian Literature. Five young artists and scientists include their new ideas and new approach to multidisciplinary studies too (Srdjan Djukić, Nenad Jeremić, Olivera Obradović, Romana Vujasinović, Elena Dimoski). Two books that will be presented in details in the frame of this Project, "STARRY CITIES" (http://zavod.co.yu) and "ASTROLIES", don't offer only interesting illustrations, images from the latest astronomical observations and currently accepted cosmological theories -- those books induces, provoking curiosity in a specific and witty way, an adventure and challenge to explore and create.

Starry Cities and Astrolies - Books to communicate with the public

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stanic, N.

2008-06-01

Extragalactic worlds have been presented as star cities in a book of original design - STARRY CITIES - galaxies and time travel, the first book about galaxies written in Serbian for the general public. This book isn't written just for those interested in science, but for all kind of artists, philosophers and thinkers. A second book, ASTROLIES deals with common confusions concerning astronomy and astrology. These two books don't only offer interesting illustrations, data from the latest astronomical observations and currently accepted cosmological theories - they induce, by provoking curiosity in a specific and witty way, a sense of adventure and a challenge to explore. The publisher of both books is the oldest and the biggest publisher of text-books in Serbia, Zavod za udzbenike i nastavna sredstva2, currently celebrating 50 years in publishing (1957-2007). They already publish a dozen books in popular astronomy, but a special astronomical series for the general public was introduced in 2004. STARRY CITIES and ASTROLIES are part of the ongoing multidisciplinary project Astronomy. Inspiration. Art that started at the end of 2004 at the Public Observatory in Belgrade. This project intends to inspire (or perhaps even "infect") artists with cosmic themes and the fantastic scenery of the Universe.

Some deep caves in Biokovo Mountain (Croatia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garasic, Mladen; Garasic, Davor

2014-05-01

The investigation of 3 caves explored more than 1000 meters in depth in the Dinaric karst area in Croatia, has been in progress for a considerable period of time. These are complex speleological features situated in the longest mountain range of the Dinaric karst, i.e. at the Northern Velebit mountain range. In fact, these caves have been studied for over two decades now. The first one is a cave system of Lukina jama (Luke's Cave) - Trojama cave, which has been investigated until the depth of 1421 meters (Jalžić, 2007; Šmida, 1993). Its total length is 3731 meters and a new expedition will soon continue to investigate this pit through speleodiving in siphons. The second greatest cave by depth is Slovačka jama (Slovak Cave), 1320 meters in depth, with cave chanals measuring 5677 meters in total length. The third greatest cave by depth is the Cave system of Velebita, reaching down to 1026 m in depth, with the chanal length of 3176 meters (Bakšić, 2006a; 2006b). However, another 3 speleological sites, which can rightly be added to those deeper than 1000 m, have recently been discovered. These are three caverns that were discovered during construction of the Sveti Ilija Tunnel that passes through Mt. Biokovo, in the Dinaric karst area. These caverns undoubtedly point to the link with the ground surface, while the rock overburden above the tunnel in the zone where the caverns were discovered ranges from 1250 and 1350 meters. Bats from the ground surface were found in the caverns and, according to measurements, they are situated in the depth from 200 and 300 meters below the tunnel level. This would mean that the depth of these newly found caves ranges from 1450 and 1650 m, when observed from the ground surface. There are several hundreds of known caves in Biokovo, and the deepest ones discovered so far are Jama Mokre noge (Wet Feet Cave) 831 m in depth, and Jama Amfora (Amphora Cave) 788 m in depth (Bockovac, 1999; Bakšić & all, 2002; Lacković & all, 2001),. The investigations and measurements are still in progress. State of the art speleological methods were used for measuring vertical distances and geological parameters. A special attention was paid to the radon concentration measurement, and to chemical analyses of ground water. According to current speleological site classifications (Garašić, M. 1986, 1991), the caves discovered at KM 1+415, KM 1+193, and KM 1+637, are large-size vertical speleological sites (caves) of an elbow shaped morphological type, characterized by the occurrence of the so called "false bottoms", with heigh differences of about 297 m, 268 m and 203.5 m, respectively. This is the zone of the highest tunnel overburden (from 1300 to 1380 m). This means that the deepest parts of these caverns (accessed by bats from the ground surface rather than from the tunnel) sometimes extend to 200-250 m below the tunnel line. Therefore, from the standpoint of geology, these sites can be classified among the deepest speleological sites discovered so far in Dinara karst in Croatia (Garašić, 1986; 1989; 1991; 1995). The depths from the ground surface range from 1350 meters to possible 1650 meters. Some speleologists will rightfully argue that no one has as yet descended into these caverns from the ground surface, and that their relative depth is smaller. Nevertheless, the objective geological depth established in this karst complex is certainly one of the greatest in Croatia. This has also been revealed by measurement of ground water properties and temperature, Rn-222 and Po-218. It was established that these properties are comparable to those measured at other deepest speleological sites in Croatia. This will however be demonstrated during subsequent investigations. From the hydrogeological standpoint, it can be stated that intermittent and maybe continuously active underground streams run through these speleological sites. The presence of dripping water has also been established. This dripping water exerts an intensive chemical action on the surrounding rocks (corrosion), which results in formation of underground karrens. Smaller parts of these caverns are covered with speleothems (dripstone formations). The palaeo-hydrogeological function of these caves is characterized by sinkholes on the ground surface (although their entrances are most probably now caved-in or yet undiscovered), and perhaps by a part of cave canals of a swallow hole (ponor) in the Biokovo hinterland (which is less probable because of intensive neotectonic uplift of this mountainous mass). Inaccessible bottom, northern and eastern parts of the cavern might be linked with the speleological system of caverns passing through Biokovo and participating in formation of submarine springs in the sea below Biokovo. In fact, the ground water found in these speleological sites has to pass either below or through the Sveti Ilija Tunnel, as it re-emerges from numerous submarine springs in the coastal area of Makarska (from Dubac to Podgora and Drašnica) (Alfirević, 1969). The depth of karstification (weathering) in the zone of this speleological site is estimated at several hundreds of meters, with an estimated maximum of 1500 meters, while the zone of vertical circulation ranges from 500 meters to 1700 meters. This is followed by the zone of inclined or horizontal circulation through which the water is carried toward the Adriatic Sea. Impermeable Triassic and maybe even Palaeozoic clastite or dolomite formations are situated in the substratum. As Triassic dolomites are from the hydrogeological standpoint permeable, due to intensive secondary porosity (jointing), it can reasonably be expected that several similar and genetically correspondent joints, formed in the anticline due to general subduction, are situated in continuation of these sites (or are parallel to them). These possible caves are not accessible from the surface and might be linked to the mentioned hydrogeological system in the lower parts of Biokovo. A note should also be made of the Pavlinovići cave situated some ten kilometres to the northeast of the tunnel, where the ground water oscillation of as many as 236 meters has been registered. This information is particularly relevant for the tunnel zone approaching the impermeable substratum. In fact, such increase in the ground water level shows that sometimes in rainy season the capacity of underground chanals becomes insufficient to transport the water through Biokovo toward the sea, and so the water level rises enormously once this temporary hydrogeological barrier is reached. Based on the position, morphology and other geological characteristics of three newly-investigated vertical caves situated in the service tube of the Sveti Ilija Tunnel, it has been established that the speleogenesis of these caves can be compared with that of other deepest caves in Croatia. Although the caves were not accessed from the ground surface, i.e. their entrances are about 1300 below the ground surface, they have most certainly been formed under conditions of intensive weathering and can as such be analysed from the geological point as well. An excellent correspondence of their occurrence shows that statistical processing of caverns located in tunnels is finally giving some results in correlation with the tectonics. It should also be noted that a certain trace of karstification and dripstone formation has been found in Croatian karst in a deep borehole in the Adriatic Sea, where a speleothem was found at the depth of 3125 m in a smaller cavern. References: Alfirević, S. (1969): Jadranske vrulje u vodnom režimu dinarskog primorskog krša i njihova problematika, Krš Jugoslavije 6, Zagreb. Bakšić, D., Lacković, D. (2002): Jama Amfora, -614 m - najdublja jama Biokova, Velebiten 36, pp.16-22, Zagreb. Bakšić, D., Paar, D., (2006a): Croatia and the Deep Caves of Northern Velebit. Alpine Karst, vol 2., ed. J. & T. Oliphant, 105-124, Cave books, Dayton, USA. Bakšić, D., (2006b): "Ekspedicija Velebita 2005", Velebiten 43, pp. 2-21, SO PDS Velebit, Zagreb. Bla\\vsković, I. (1998): The two stages of structural formation of the coastal belt of the External Dinarides, Geologica Croatica, vol 51/1, Zagreb. Bockovac, Ž. (1999): Jama Amfora. Speleo'zin, 12, 7, pp. 14-15, Karlovac. Garašić, M.(1986): Hydrogeology and Morphogenesis of the Caves in Croatin Karst. Ph.D. Thesis, 1-161, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geology, Zagreb. Garašić, M.(1989): New conception of the morphogenesis and hydrogeology of the speleological objects in karst area in Croatia (Yugoslavia). 10. International Congress of Speleology, Procceedings, vol.1, pp. 234-236, s1.8, Budapest, Hungary. Garašić, M.(1991): Morphological and Hydrogeological Classification of Speleological structures (Caves and Pits) in the Croatian Karst area. Geolo\\vski vjesnik, vol.44, pp. 289-300, Zagreb. Garašić, M.(1995): Speleogeneza u okviru hidrogeologije krša i procesa karstifikacije. 1. Hrvatski geolo\\vski kongres, Opatija, Zbornik radova, Proceedings, 177-182, Zagreb. Garašić, M.(2009a): Izvješće o speleolo\\vskom istraživanju, fotografskom i topografskom snimanju, te hidrogeolo\\vskim opservacijama u novootvorenoj jami (kaverni) u tunelu "Sveti Ilija" (servisna tunelska cijev), na stacionaži km 1+193, na trasi spojne ceste Zagvozd - Ba\\vska voda u Dalmaciji. University of Zagreb. pp. 1-39, Zagreb. Garašić, M.(2009b): Izvješće o speleolo\\vskom istraživanju, fotografskom i topografskom snimanju, te hidrogeolo\\vskim opservacijama u novootvorenoj jami (kaverni) u tunelu "Sveti Ilija" (servisna tunelska cijev), na stacionaži km 1+415, na trasi spojne ceste Zagvozd - Ba\\vska voda u Dalmaciji. University of Zagreb. pp. 1-43, Zagreb. Garašić, M.(2009c): Izvješće o speleolo\\vskom istraživanju, fotografskom i topografskom snimanju, te hidrogeolo\\vskim opservacijama u novootvorenoj jami (kaverni) u tunelu "Sveti Ilija" (servisna tunelska cijev), na stacionaži km 1+637, na trasi spojne ceste Zagvozd - Ba\\vska voda u Dalmaciji. University of Zagreb. pp. 1-55, Zagreb. Garašić,M. & Garašić,D. (2013): Some Information about the deepest Caves known in Croatian Karst Area. 16th International Congress of Speleology. Proceedings, Volume 3.Czech Speleological Society, Praha, Czech Republic , 2013. 72-77. Jalžić, B. (ed.): (2007): Jamski sustav Lukina jama - Trojama".pp1-156, HPS, Zagreb. Lacković, D., Bakšić, D. (2001): Izvješće sa speleolo\\vskog istraživanja jame Amfora u Parku prirode Biokovo, 16, Park prirode Biokovo, Makarska. Marinčić,S., Magaš, N., Benček,Ð. (1972a): Osnovna geolo\\vska karta 1:100 000, list Ploče, K 33-35, Institut za geolo\\vska istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geolo\\vski zavod Beograd. Magaš,N., Marinčić,S., Benček,Ð. (1972b): Osnovna geolo\\vska karta 1:100 000, tumač za list Ploèe, K 33-35, Institut za geolo\\vska istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geolo\\vski zavod Beograd. Marinčić,S., Korolija,Ž., Majcen,Ž. (1969a): Osnovna geolo\\vska karta 1:100 000, list Omiš, K 33-22, Institut za geolo\\vska istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geolo\\vski zavod Beograd. Marinčić,S. et al. (1969b): Osnovna geolo\\vska karta 1:100 000, tumač za list Omiš, K 33-22, Institut za geolo\\vska istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geolo\\vski zavod Beograd. Raić,V., Ahac,A., Papeš, J. (1968a): Osnovna geolo\\vska karta 1:100 000, list, Imotski K 33-23, Institut za geolo\\vska istraživanja Sarajevo, Savezni geolo\\vski zavod Beograd. Raić, V., Papeš,J. (1968b): Osnovna geolo\\vska karta 1:100 000, tumaè za list Imotski, K 33-23, Institut za geolo\\vska istraživanja Sarajevo, Savezni geolo\\vski zavod Beograd. Šmida, B., (1993): Velebit '92, Speleoforum '93, pp.51-52, Brno.

Landslide prediction system in Slovenia (Masprem)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šinigoj, Jasna; Jemec Auflič, Mateja; Krivic, Matija

2017-04-01

The landslide prediction system MASPREM has been developed in 2013 to (1) predict rainfall induced landslides on national and local level and (2) inform Civil Protection agency and inhabitants of an increased probability of landslide occurrences. A landslide prediction system on national level integrates three major components: (1) a landslide susceptibility map; (2) landslide triggering rainfall threshold values and (3) precipitation forecasting model's (i.e., ALADIN, INCA). Landslide prediction is also calculated on a local level, including exposure maps of inhabitants, buildings and different types of infrastructure to potential landslide occurrence at a scale of 1: 25,000 for 14 selected municipalities. MASPREM system runs in a 12 hour cycling mode, for 24 hours ahead. The results of the probability of landslide models are classified into five classes, with values ranging from one to five; where class one represents areas with a negligible landslide probability and class five areas with a very high landslide probability. It is a fully automated system based on open source software (PostgreSQL) and web applications for displaying results (Java, GDAL). When precipitation forecasting models are transferred to the GeoZS server the conversion process to raster data starts, stores data in a PostgreSQL database and performs the calculation. Based on final results, the WMS service that is responsible for the distribution of data through the service for download and review of results in a web application is created. In the period, from September 2013 to August 2016, MASPREM gave an alert about the probability of landslide occurrences in 84 cases. While the system has potential to become operational in use after the validation phase, there are also limitations related to the input data that should not be neglected: spatial resolution of the ALADIN model, the incomplete landslide inventory that is important for the validation, defining how many days of antecedent rainfall significantly influence the landslide occurrences, characteristic of lithological units according to water contents. Despite the limitations currently affecting the landslide prediction system, results show that the system demonstrates capability in predicting rainfall induced landslides. When the validation phase will be finished and the certainty of system will be high enough, the system will be able to inform infrastructure owners, civil agencies, and operators of potential landslide hazards. Komac, M., Šinigoj, J., Jemec Auflič, M. 2014: A national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in Slovenia. V: SASSA, Kyoji (ur.), CANUTI, Paolo (ur.), YIN, Yueping (ur.). Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment. Vol. 2, Methods of landslide studies. Cham ... [etc.]: Springer, cop. 2014, str. 577-582, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_89. Jemec Auflič, M, Šinigoj, J, Krivic, M, Podboj, M, Peternel,T, Komac, M. Landslide prediction system for rainfall induced landslides in Slovenia (Masprem) Geologija, 2016, 59/2, 259-271, doi: 10.5474/geologija.2016.016. Šinigoj, J., Jemec Auflič, M., Kumelj, Š., Krivic, M., Požar, M., Podboj, M., Tukić, M., Peternel, T., Ponjavič, G., Zakrajšek, M. & Prkić, N. 2016: Nadgradnja sistema za obveščanje in opozarjanje v primeru proženja zemeljskih plazov - Masprem2: končno poročilo. Geolo\\vski zavod Slovenije, Ljubljana: 114 p