Sample records for zilkina sergei sarap

  1. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Results on Sikorsky Aircraft Survivable Affordable Reparable Airframe Program (SARAP) Samples

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zalameda, Joseph N.; Anastasi, Robert F.; Madaras, Eric I.

    2004-01-01

    The Survivable, Affordable, Reparable Airframe Program (SARAP) will develop/produce new structural design concepts with lower structural weight, reduced manufacturing complexity and development time, increased readiness, and improved threat protection. These new structural concepts will require advanced field capable inspection technologies to help meet the SARAP structural objectives. In the area of repair, damage assessment using nondestructive inspection (NDI) is critical to identify repair location and size. The purpose of this work is to conduct an assessment of new and emerging NDI methods that can potentially satisfy the SARAP program goals.

  2. Mexican Folkart for Children.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dominguez, Graciela; And Others

    Directions, suggested materials, and illustrations are given for making paper mache pinatas and masks, cascarones, Ojos de Dios, maracas, dresser scarf embroidery, burlap murals, yarn designs, paper plate trays, paper cut designs, the poppy, sarape aprons, and paper Mexican dolls. Filled with candy and broken, the pinata is used on most Mexican…

  3. Selecting Chicano Children's Literature in a Bilingual Classroom: Investigating Issues of Cultural Authenticity and Avoiding Stereotypes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alamillo, Laura

    2007-01-01

    Before the Civil Rights movement, the lack of accurate representations of people of color was evident. Children's literature did not present accurate depictions of Mexican-Americans in the text. Sarapes, sombreros and fiestas were typical symbols used to identify Mexican culture and traditions. The Civil Rights Movement sparked a change for…

  4. Integration and interpretation of InSAR deformation products from the Sentinel-1 constellation - experiences from the InSARap project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dehls, John F.; Larsen, Yngvar; Marinkovic, Petar; Perski, Zbigniew

    2017-04-01

    The Sentinel-1 mission has been in operational mode for more than two years, and with the successful commissioning of S1B in Sep 2016, the constellation is now complete. While the InSAR community initially faced many processing challenges due to the introduction of the new TOPS mode, these issues can by now considered resolved. However, truly operational workflows are still to be designed and deployed, and there are a number of integration and interpretation challenges that need to be addressed to achieve operational processing of 6-day revisit InSAR data. In this contribution, we will focus mainly on the integration and interpretation of InSAR products in scientific workflows, rather than on algorithmic details. We will motivate discussion with results obtained from selected pilot sites within the ESA SEOM InSARap project. The sites cover a large part of the application domain for InSAR - "from decimeter to millimeter". Specifically, landslide and corner reflector validation test sites in Norway and Poland will be discussed. The results will serve as basis for a discussion on how to communicate and streamline a portfolio of subsidence products to end users, which is a challenge in itself. We will conclude with a discussion on remaining open questions regarding how we as a community can address these issues to a wider audience.

  5. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev uses SAREX gear to talk to school children

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1994-01-01

    On the Space Shuttle Discovery's aft flight deck, Russian Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev prepares for one chore while performing another. Using the Shuttle amateur raio experiment (SAREX) gear, the mission specialist was talking with students in Maine. He holds a camcorder, which was later called into action to record inflight activities.

  6. Proliferation, Potential TMD Roles, Demarcation and ABM Treaty Compatibility.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-09-01

    Dr. Sergei Blagovolin Dr. Stephen Cambone Amb. Sidney Graybeal Dr. Patricia McFate Dr. Alexander Savelyev Mr. Willis Stanley Ms. Linda Vlahos...control, missile defense, and other international security issues. He served as the director of this study. Dr. Alexander Savelyev is Vice President of...Interview with Dr. Sergei Blagovolin and Alexander Savelyev , July 15,1994, 69. Interview with Amb. Kathleen Bailey, former Assistant Director of

  7. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev receives assistance from suit technician

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1994-01-01

    Sergei Krikalev, alternative mission specialist for STS-63, gets help from Dawn Mays, a Boeing suit technician. The cosmonaut was about to participate in a training session at JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Wearing the training version of the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, weighted to allow neutral buoyancy in the 25 feet deep WETF pool, Krikalev minutes later was underwater simulating a contingency spacewalk, or extravehicular activity (EVA).

  8. Professor Sergei Semjonovic Golovin (1866-1931): A Pioneer of Ocular Surgery.

    PubMed

    Moschos, Marilita M

    2017-10-01

    Professor Sergei Semjonovic Golovin (1866-1931) is considered as one of the founders of ophthalmology in Russia. He received a worldwide reputation thanks to his achievements in ocular surgery and pathology. He introduced new surgical techniques such as Golovin's operation (Exenteratio orbitosinualis), Golovin's osteoplastic frontal sinus operation, ligation of orbital veins, and opticociliary neurectomy. He also introduced his "cytotoxic theory" to interpret sympathetic ophthalmia. He was a reputable professor of ophthalmology.

  9. 120th anniversary of the birth of Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov (Scientific session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 March 2011)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2011-12-01

    A scientific session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov was held in the Conference Hall of the P N Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, on 30 March 2011. The following reports were put on the session's agenda posted on the web site www.gpad.ac.ru of the Physical Sciences Division, RAS: (1) Masalov A V (P N Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Moscow) "S I Vavilov and nonlinear optics"; (2) Basiev T T (Laser Materials and Technology Research Center, A M Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow) "Luminescent nanophotonics and high-power lasers"; (3) Vitukhnovsky A G (P N Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Moscow) "Advances in luminescent light sources and displays"; (4) Aleksandrov E B (Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RAS, St. Petersburg) "Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov and the special theory of relativity"; (5) Bolotovsky B M (P N Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Moscow) "Vavilov-Cherenkov effect"; (6) Vizgin V P (S I Vavilov Institute of the History of Natural Scienses and Technology, RAS, Moscow) "Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov as a historian of science"; (7) Ginzburg A S (Knowledge Society) "Academician S I Vavilov — a devotee of the enlightenment and the first president of the Knowledge Society of the USSR". The papers written on the basis of reports 1-4 and 6 are given below. The main contents of report 5 is reflected in the paper "Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation: its discovery and application" [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 179 1161 (2009); Phys. Usp. 52 1099 (2009)] published earlier by B M Bolotovsky. • S I Vavilov and nonlinear optics, A V Masalov, Z A Chizhikova Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 12, Pages 1257-1262 • Luminescent nanophotonics, fluoride laser ceramics, and crystals, T T Basiev, I T Basieva, M E Doroshenko Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 12, Pages 1262-1268 • Advances in light sources and displays, A G Vitukhnovsky Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 12, Pages 1268-1272 • Direct experimental demonstration of the second special relativity postulate: the speed of light is independent of the speed of the source, E B Aleksandrov, P A Aleksandrov, V S Zapasskii, V N Korchuganov, A I Stirin Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 12, Pages 1272-1278 • Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov as a historian of science, V P Vizgin, A V Kessenikh, K A Tomilin Physics-Uspekhi, 2011, Volume 54, Number 12, Pages 1278-1283

  10. iss031e140701

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-06-23

    ISS031-E-140701 (23 June 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin, Expedition 31 flight engineer, works on the BTKh-26 KASKAD (Cascade) experiment in the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1) of the International Space Station.

  11. iss031e140699

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-06-23

    ISS031-E-140699 (23 June 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin, Expedition 31 flight engineer, works on the BTKh-26 KASKAD (Cascade) experiment in the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1) of the International Space Station.

  12. Expedition 11 Training with Krikalev/Henderson

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-08-12

    Expedition 11 Training with Krikalev/Henderson as their continued their training in the Virtual Reality Laboratory in building 9. View includes: Sergei Krikalev and Henderson using the virtual optics to view the International Space Station.

  13. Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L. [D-MD

    2011-05-19

    Senate - 07/23/2012 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 469. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  14. Justice for Sergei Magnitsky Act of 2010

    THOMAS, 111th Congress

    Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-3

    2010-09-29

    House - 12/20/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  15. 77 FR 24969 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-26

    .... Contact Person: Sergei Radaev, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, Resources and Training Review Branch... Detection and Diagnosis Research; 93.395, Cancer Treatment Research; 93.396, Cancer Biology Research; 93.397...

  16. 78 FR 20119 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-03

    .... Contact Person: Sergei Radaev, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, Resources and Training Review Branch... Detection and Diagnosis Research; 93.395, Cancer Treatment Research; 93.396, Cancer Biology Research; 93.397...

  17. Expedition 32 Crew Members work in the SM

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-07-22

    ISS032-E-010076 (22 July 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin (left) and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, both Expedition 32 flight engineers, use a computer in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  18. Volkov exercises on TVIS in Service Module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-08

    ISS029-E-040701 (8 Nov. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 29 flight engineer, equipped with a bungee harness, exercises on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  19. Krikalev with failed Elektron Liquid Unit #6 (BZh-6)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-09

    ISS011-E-08465 (9 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works on the Elektron oxygen-generation system in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS).

  20. Volkov performs maintenance on the TVIS during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-08-12

    ISS017-E-012861 (12 Aug. 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 17 commander, performs in-flight maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  1. Expedition 11 Preflight training

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-06-24

    JSC2004-E-26778 (24 June 2004) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia’s Federal Space Agency, participates in medical training at Johnson Space Center (JSC). Space Medicine Instructor Tyler N. Carruth with Wyle Life Sciences assisted Krikalev.

  2. Krikalev on middeck with laptop computer

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-06

    S88-E-5041 (12-06-98) --- Sergei Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), works on a laptop computer on Endeavour's middeck. The scene was photographed shortly after the successful mating of Unity with the shuttle's docking system.

  3. Krikalev with TVIS hardware in Zvezda

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-09-07

    ISS011-E-12601 (7 September 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works with the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) during In-Flight Maintenance (IFM) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  4. TVIS Inflight Maintenance

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-07-01

    ISS028-E-013758 (1 July 2011) --- Russian cosmonauts Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer; and Andrey Borisenko (mostly out of frame at left), commander, perform in-flight maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  5. Krikalev during TVIS IFM

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-05-16

    ISS011-E-06188 (16 May 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works with the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) removed from the Zvezda Service Module floor during In-Flight Maintenance (IFM) on the International Space Station (ISS).

  6. Krikalev with TVIS hardware in Zvezda

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-09-07

    ISS011-E-12494 (7 September 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works with the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) during In-Flight Maintenance (IFM) in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  7. Krikalev in Service module with tools

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-30

    ISS01-E-5150 (December 2000) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer, retrieves a tool during an installation and set-up session in the Zvezda service module aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The picture was recorded with a digital still camera.

  8. Photographic coverage of EXP 7 during NBL training

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-10-28

    JSC2002-01972 (28 October 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, backup Expedition Seven mission commander, floats in a small life raft during an emergency bailout training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Krikalev represents Rosaviakosmos.

  9. STS-60 crewmembers during pre-flight press conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1993-03-09

    Two prime crew members and an alternate are pictured during a mission planning session in JSC's public affairs facility. Left to right are astronaut Charles F. Bolden Jr., mission commander; and Cosmonauts sergei Krikalev and Vladimir Titov, prime and alternate mission specialists, respectively.

  10. iss028e034854

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-08-31

    ISS028-E-034854 (31 Aug. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, checks the progress of a new growth experiment on the BIO-5 Rasteniya-2 (Plants-2) payload with its LADA-01 greenhouse in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

  11. Whitson and Treschev work on TVIS treadmill

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-08-07

    ISS005-E-08808 (7 August 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev (left) and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, both Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev represents Rosaviakosmos.

  12. Whitson and Treschev work on TVIS treadmill

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-08-07

    ISS005-E-08819 (7 August 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev (left) and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, both Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev represents Rosaviakosmos.

  13. Whitson and Treschev work on TVIS treadmill

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-08-07

    ISS005-E-08821 (7 August 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev (left) and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, both Expedition Five flight engineers, are photographed near the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev represents Rosaviakosmos.

  14. Whitson and Treschev perform maintenance on the TVIS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-10-13

    ISS005-E-17387 (13 October 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev (left) and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev represents Rosaviakosmos.

  15. Cabana shaves on middeck

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-08

    S88-E-5166 (12-08-98) --- Astronaut Robert D. Cabana, mission commander, shaves on Endeavour's middeck. Sergei K. Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency, is in the background. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 23:20:40 GMT, Dec. 8.

  16. Whitson and Treschev perform maintenance on the TVIS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-10-13

    ISS005-E-17388 (13 October 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev (left) and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev represents Rosaviakosmos.

  17. Krikalev with CPAs in Node 1/Unity CBA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-21

    ISS011-E-09392 (21 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, moves one of the two Control Panel Assemblies (CPA) from the Unity node’s Common Berthing Assembly (CBA) on the International Space Station (ISS).

  18. Krikalev with mission patch in Node 1 / Unity module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-21

    ISS011-E-09363 (21 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, adds the Expedition 11 patch to the Unity node’s growing collection of insignias representing crews who have worked on the international space station.

  19. jsc2012e051524

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-11

    At the historic museum near the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 31/32 backup and prime crews pose for pictures May 11, 2012 in front of the mural depicting the likeness of Yuri Gagarin, the first human to fly in space. The photo session took place as training for the launch of Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, Flight Engineer Joe Acaba of NASA and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin drew to a close for their liftoff May 15 in their Soyuz TMA-04 spacecraft to begin a four-month mission on the International Space Station. From left to right are backup crewmembers Oleg Novitskiy, Kevin Ford of NASA and Evgeny Tarelkin, and the prime crew, Padalka, Revin and Acaba. In the foreground are replicas of the small cottages Gagarin and the Russian space program’s “Great Designer”, Sergei Korolev slept in on the eve of Gagarin’s launch on April 12, 1961. The real cottages are located near the museum in Baikonur. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

  20. Eisenstein: 1898-1948-1988.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taylor, Richard

    1988-01-01

    Assesses Sergei Eisenstein's role in cinematic history and his reputation in the Soviet Union and throughout the world. Describes the Eisenstein exhibition planned for the Oxford Museum of Modern Art and examines additional activities designed to enhance public appreciation of this influential artist. Discusses several of his important films. (GEA)

  1. Volkov and Kononenko in the ATV during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-05-12

    ISS017-E-006544 (12 May 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonauts Sergei Volkov (left), Expedition 17 commander, and Oleg Kononenko, flight engineer, take a moment for a photo in the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) while it remains docked with the International Space Station.

  2. Volkov and Kononenko in the ATV during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-05-12

    ISS017-E-006543 (12 May 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonauts Sergei Volkov (bottom), Expedition 17 commander, and Oleg Kononenko, flight engineer, take a moment for a photo in the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) while it remains docked with the International Space Station.

  3. Various views of Expedition One crewmembers in Russia

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-10-27

    JSC2000-E-27092 (20 October 2000) --- Astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, Expediton 1 commander, enlists the aid of crew mate cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (right), flight engineer, prior to participating in a simulation of launch day activities about a week-and-half away in Kazakhstan.

  4. Krikalev with CPAs in Node 1/Unity CBA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-21

    ISS011-E-09373 (21 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, prepares to uninstall two of the four Control Panel Assemblies (CPA) from the Unity node’s Common Berthing Assembly (CBA) on the International Space Station (ISS).

  5. Expedition 23 State Commission

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-03-31

    Sergei Krikalev, Chief, State Organization, Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center speaks during the State Commission meeting to approve the Soyuz launch of Expedition 23 Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov, Flight Engineer Tracy Caldwell Dyson and Flight Engineer Mikhail Kornienko on Thursday, April 1, 2010, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  6. Eisenstein.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barna, Yon

    This biography of Sergei M. Eisenstein records the life of this pioneering Soviet filmmaker and concentrates upon the events in Eisenstein's life which motivated him to create films in the methods he chose. A chapter is devoted to each of Eisenstein's major films. His creative techniques are explored along with his relationship with other major…

  7. Crew Movie Night

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-09-19

    ISS045e019776 (09/19/2015) --- International Space Station Expedition 45 crewmembers watch an advance screening of "The Martian" movie in the Unity Node 1. Clockwise from left, are Russian cosmonauts flight engineers Oleg Kononenko and Sergei Volkov, NASA astronaut Commander Scott Kelly, and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko. This image was released on social media.

  8. Vertical Hegelianism and Beyond: Digital Cinema Editing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wyatt, Roger B.

    Cinema as an art and communication form is entering its second century of development. Sergei Eisenstein conceived of editing in horizontal and vertical terms. He saw vertical editing patterns primarily as the synchronization of simultaneous image and sound elements, particularly music, no create cinematic meaning by means of the relationship…

  9. Volkov and Kononenko with the stowage bags in the ATV during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-05-12

    ISS017-E-006545 (12 May 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonauts Sergei Volkov (left), Expedition 17 commander, and Oleg Kononenko, flight engineer, work with stowage bags in the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) while it remains docked with the International Space Station.

  10. Chamitoff gives Volkov a haircut in the Node 2 during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-07-20

    ISS017-E-011556 (20 July 2008) --- NASA astronaut Greg Chamitoff, Expedition 17 flight engineer, trims Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei Volkov's hair in the Harmony node of the International Space Station. Chamitoff used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair.

  11. Volkov gives Chamitoff a haircut in the Node 2 during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-07-20

    ISS017-E-011547 (20 July 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 17 commander, trims NASA astronaut Greg Chamitoff's hair in the Harmony node of the International Space Station. Volkov used hair clippers fashioned with a vacuum device to garner freshly cut hair.

  12. Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-3

    2012-04-19

    House - 06/07/2012 Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.6156, which became Public Law 112-208 on 12/14/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  13. Debate on the Chernobyl disaster: response to Dr. Sergei V. Jargin.

    PubMed

    Yablokov, Alexey

    2012-01-01

    The author responds, point by point, to Dr. Jargin's critique in this Journal issue of A. V. Yablokov, V. B. Nesterenko, and A. B. Nesterenko, Chernobyl: consequences of the catastrophe for people and the environment, published in 2009 by the New York Academy of Sciences.

  14. Krikalev in front of flight deck windows

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-12

    STS102-E-5139 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, now a member of the STS-102 crew, prepares to use a camera on Discovery's flight deck. Krikalev, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

  15. Expedition 28 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-06

    Expedition 28 NASA Flight Engineer Mike Fossum, left, and Soyuz Commander Sergei Volkov of Russia share a laugh during a press conference, Monday, June 6, 2011, at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The mission is set to launch on Tuesday, June 8, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  16. Krikalev on the aft flight deck with laptop computers

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-10

    S88-E-5107 (12-11-98) --- Sergei Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), surrounded by monitors and computers on the flight deck, holds a large camera lens. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 09:33:22 GMT, Dec. 11.

  17. Violence and the Prevention of Violence.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Adler, Leonore Loeb, Ed.; Denmark, Florence L., Ed.

    Contributors to this collection put forth many contemporary theoretical ideas about violence in society. All agree that finding ways to prevent violence is critical and that living in peace means acceptance of diversity. The following chapters are included: (1) "Motivational Approach to Violent Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Perspective: (Sergei V.…

  18. iss028e032133

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-08-17

    ISS028-E-032133 (17 Aug. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, is pictured in the Unity node of the International Space Station while filming an installment of the ?The Orbital Station. Life on Orbit? video, intended for a documentary film to be prepared by the Roscosmos TV studio for the ?Kultura? State TV channel.

  19. Krikalev and Gidzenko at ISS hatch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-10

    ISS-01-E-5324 (10 February 2001) --- Cosmonauts Sergei K. Krikalev (left), Expedition One flight engineer, and Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander, are pictured at the hatch that leads from the Unity node into the newly attached Destiny laboratory. The picture was recorded with a digital still camera on the day the hatch was initially opened.

  20. Change of Command

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-20

    ISS029-E-043204 (20 Nov. 2011) --- In the Unity node, Expedition 29 crew members add the Expedition 29 patch to the growing collection of insignias representing crews who have worked on the International Space Station. Pictured are NASA astronaut Mike Fossum (center), commander; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa (left) and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, both flight engineers.

  1. 78 FR 23827 - Designation of Eighteen Individuals Pursuant to the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-22

    ...; POB Moscow Region, Russia (individual) [MAGNIT]. 2. KUZNETSOV, Artem (a.k.a. KUZNETSOV, Artyom); DOB... Samarkand, Uzbekistan (individual) [MAGNIT]. 4. STEPANOVA, Olga G.; DOB 29 Jul 1962; POB Moscow, Russia... Region, Russia (individual) [MAGNIT]. 6. KARPOV, Pavel; DOB 27 Aug 1977; POB Moscow, Russia (individual...

  2. New STS-102 crewmembers Krikalev and Gidzenko in the flight deck

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-12

    STS102-E-5142 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, now a member of the STS-102 crew, prepares to use a camera on Discovery's flight deck. Krikalev, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

  3. Expedition Five crew perform maintenance on the TVIS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-10-13

    ISS005-E-17402 (13 October 2002) --- Cosmonauts Valery G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander, Sergei Y. Treschev and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Korzun and Treschev represent Rosaviakosmos.

  4. Expedition Five crew perform maintenance on the TVIS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-10-13

    ISS005-E-17390 (13 October 2002) --- Cosmonauts Valery G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander, Sergei Y. Treschev and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Korzun and Treschev represent Rosaviakosmos.

  5. Expedition Five crew perform maintenance on the TVIS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-10-13

    ISS005-E-17392 (13 October 2002) --- Cosmonauts Valery G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander, Sergei Y. Treschev and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineers, perform maintenance on the Treadmill Vibration Isolation System (TVIS) in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Korzun and Treschev represent Rosaviakosmos.

  6. Expedition Five crew is ready to leave KSC for Houston

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Expedition Five crew are ready to leave KSC for Houston. From left are Science Officer Peggy Whitson, Commander Valery Korzun and Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev. The three returned to Earth on Endeavour Dec. 7, with the STS-113 crew, after six months on the International Space Station.

  7. View of the STS-88 crew at work in the FGB/Zarya module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-11

    STS088-357-011 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), work in the FGB or Zarya Module of the International Space Station (ISS). The two are using battery powered tools to extract bolts.

  8. View of FE Volkov working with KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ Payload

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-27

    ISS028-E-009754 (27 June 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, works with the new KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ (Plazmennyi-Kristall-3 plus) Telescience payload in the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) of the International Space Station.

  9. FE Volkov works with the KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ Telescience Payload

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-22

    ISS028-E-009187 (22 June 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, works with the new KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ (Plazmennyi-Kristall-3 plus) Telescience payload in the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) of the International Space Station.

  10. View of FE Volkov working with KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ Payload

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-27

    ISS028-E-009756 (27 June 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, works with the new KPT-21 PK-3+ Plasma Crystal-3+ (Plazmennyi-Kristall-3 plus) Telescience payload in the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) of the International Space Station.

  11. Expedition One crew in Russian with Service Module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-07-14

    Photographic documentation of Expedition One crew in Russia with Service Module. Views include: The three crew members for ISS Expedition One train with computers on the trainer / mockup for the Zvezda Service Module. From the left are cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko, Soyuz commander; and Sergei Krikalev, flight engineer; and astronaut William Shepherd, mission commander. The session took place at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18628). View looking toward the hatch inside the Zvezda Service Module trainer / mockup at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18629). A wide shot of the Zvezda Service Module trainer / mockup, with the transfer compartment in the foreground (18630). Side view of the Zvezda Service Module (18631). An interior shot of the Zarya / Functional Cargo Bay (FGB) trainer / mockup (18632). Astronaut Scott Kelly, director of operations - Russia, walks through a full scale trainer / mockup for the Zvezda Service Module at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia (18633). Astronaut William Shepherd (right) mission commander for ISS Expedition One, and Sergei Krikalev, flight engineer, participate in a training session in a trainer / mockup of the Zvezda Service Module (18634).

  12. Krikalev during Elektron repair

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-05-05

    ISS011-E-05513 (5 May 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, poses beside the disconnected Liquid Unit #5 (BZh-5) and the O2 end-filter (BD, secondary purification unit) from the BZh5 he removed while making repairs to the Elektron oxygen generator in the Zvezda Service Module of the international space station.

  13. iss028e032136

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-08-17

    ISS028-E-032136 (17 Aug. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 28 flight engineer, is pictured floating freely in the Unity node of the International Space Station while filming an installment of the ?The Orbital Station. Life on Orbit? video, intended for a documentary film to be prepared by the Roscosmos TV studio for the ?Kultura? State TV channel.

  14. Krikalev films Usachev in Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-17

    STS102-340-014 (8-21 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer (left), and cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev, Expedition Two commander, are photographed in the Unity node holding cameras. Cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition Two commander, joins them as he floats through the tunnel from the Russian-built Zarya control module. All three are associated with Rosaviakosmos.

  15. DSO 201 - Krikalev and Sega in the Spacehab module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-03-01

    STS060-21-027 (3-11 Feb 1994) --- Astronaut Ronald M. Sega (left) and Russian cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev work on a joint U.S./Russian metabolic experiment on the Space Shuttle Discovery's middeck. A number of other U.S./Russian cooperative Detailed Supplementary Objectives (DSO) are included among the experiments conducted on the eight-day mission.

  16. Krikalev holds tube within CPCF-2 Activation Mechanism during Expedition 10 / Expedition 11

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-18

    ISS010-E-24980 (18 April 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, holds a sample tube within the Commercial Protein Crystallization Facility-2 (CPCF-2) Activation Mechanism which is part of the Kriogem-03 refrigerator in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station (ISS).

  17. Expedition 11 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-10

    European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, left, and Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev participate in tilt table tests, Sunday, April 10, 2005, so technicians can collect pre-launch data on the state of their equilibrium prior to the April 15 launch to the International Space Station with Flight Engineer John Phillips in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  18. Collins and Krikaleve in Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-05

    S114-E-7145 (5 August 2005) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins (right), STS-114 commander, and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, pose for a photo in the Unity node after the STS-114 crew patch was added to the growing collection of insignias representing crews who have worked on the International Space Station.

  19. STS-111 Expedition Five Crew Training Clip

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    The STS-111 Expedition Five Crew begins with training on payload operations. Flight Engineer Peggy Whitson and Mission Specialist Sandy Magnus are shown in Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) procedures. Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev gets suited for Neutral Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL) training. Virtual Reality lab training is shown with Peggy Whitson. Habitation Equipment and procedures are also presented.

  20. View in the Node 1/Unity module after docking

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-10

    S88-E-5113 (12-10-98) --- Sergei Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), totes a notebook onboard the Unity connecting module while he and two crewmates perform various tasks to ready it for its ISS role. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 20:27:03 GMT, Dec. 10.

  1. STS-60 crewmembers and alternates during pre-flight press conference

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1993-01-01

    Three members of the STS-60 crew and an alternate crew member discuss their upcoming mission with the news media in JSC's public affairs facility. Seated from the left are Charles F. Bolden Jr., mission commander; Russian Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, mission specialist; Russian Cosmonaut Vladimir Titov, alternate mission specialist; interpreter Vladimir Fischel and Astronaut Kenneth S. Reightler, pilot.

  2. Change of Command

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-20

    ISS029-E-043205 (20 Nov. 2011) --- In the Unity node, Expedition 29 crew members pose for a photo after adding the Expedition 29 patch to the growing collection of insignias representing crews who have worked on the International Space Station. Pictured are NASA astronaut Mike Fossum (center), commander; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa (left) and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, both flight engineers.

  3. Whitson cuts Treschev's hair in the SM during Expedition Five on the ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-07-20

    ISS005-E-08151 (July 2002) --- Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, Expedition Five flight engineer, cuts cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev’s hair in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev, flight engineer representing Rosaviakosmos, holds a vacuum device the crew has fashioned to garner freshly cut hair, which is floating freely.

  4. Expedition 43 Crew Final Exams in Russia

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-13

    NASA Video File of ISS Expedition 43 final exams in Russia on March 5, 2015 with crewmembers Scott Kelly, Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko; and backup crew Jeff Williams, Sergei Volkov and Alexei Ovchinin. Includes footage of final qualification training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC); interview with Emily Nelson, ISS Expedition 46 Lead Flight Director; and scenes from the qualification training.

  5. Expedition 37 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-09-24

    NASA backup crewmember Steve Swanson waves hello at a press conference held at the Cosmonaut Hotel, on Tuesday, Sept. 24, 2013, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket is scheduled for September 26 and will send Hopkins, Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov and Russian Flight Engineer Sergei Ryazansky on a five and a half-month mission aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  6. New STS-102 crewmembers Krikalev in the flight deck

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-12

    STS102-E-5147 (12 March 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, now a member of the STS-102 crew on Discovery's flight deck. A sun setting can be seen through the flight deck windows in the background. Krikalev, representing Rosaviakosmos, had been onboard the International Space Station (ISS) since early November 2000. The photograph was taken with a digital still camera.

  7. Crew in Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-05

    S114-E-7111 (5 August 2005) --- Crewmembers work on various tasks in the Unity node of the International Space Station. From the left are astronaut Charles J. Camarda, STS-114 mission specialist; cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA Space Station science officer and flight engineer; and Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 commander.

  8. Expedition Five crew members wave to onlookers as they leave KSC for Houston

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Expedition Five crew members wave to onlookers as they leave KSC for Houston. From left are Science Officer Peggy Whitson and Commander Valery Korzun. Not seen is Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev. The three returned to Earth Dec. 7 on Endeavour, with the STS-113 crew, after six months on the International Space Station.

  9. Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena [née Payne] (1900-79)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murdin, P.

    2000-11-01

    Astronomer, born in England, married Sergei Gaposchkin, first woman to become a full professor at Harvard. Worked on stellar atmospheres, and in her 1925 dissertation suggested correctly that the great range in strength, from star to star, of absorption lines in stellar spectra was due to differing amounts of ionization (differing temperatures), not differing chemical composition. She suggested t...

  10. High Temperature Epoxy Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-06-10

    thermal stability (~430°C) can be used for formulation of next generation aerospace nanocomposite matrix materials. 10 Publications: 1. J. Langat ...Properties Evaluation of Thermally Stable Layered Organosilicate Nanocomposites, Polymers for Advanced Technology, 18, 574(2007). 3. J. Langat , M...Properties in Polymer Nanocomposites, edited by Dr. Sergei Nazarenko (MRS Fall Meeting Symposium KK Proceedings) Boston, MA 2008 (in print). 5. J. Langat

  11. High Accuracy Potential Energy Surface, Dipole Moment Surface, Rovibrational Energies and Line List Calculations for ^{14}NH_3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Coles, Phillip; Yurchenko, Sergei N.; Polyansky, Oleg; Kyuberis, Aleksandra; Ovsyannikov, Roman I.; Zobov, Nikolay Fedorovich; Tennyson, Jonathan

    2017-06-01

    We present a new spectroscopic potential energy surface (PES) for ^{14}NH_3, produced by refining a high accuracy ab initio PES to experimental energy levels taken predominantly from MARVEL. The PES reproduces 1722 matched J=0-8 experimental energies with a root-mean-square error of 0.035 cm-1 under 6000 cm^{-1} and 0.059 under 7200 cm^{-1}. In conjunction with a new DMS calculated using multi reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and H=aug-cc-pVQZ, N=aug-cc-pWCVQZ basis sets, an infrared (IR) line list has been computed which is suitable for use up to 2000 K. The line list is used to assign experimental lines in the 7500 - 10,500 cm^{-1} region and previously unassigned lines in HITRAN in the 6000-7000 cm^{-1} region. Oleg L. Polyansky, Roman I. Ovsyannikov, Aleksandra A. Kyuberis, Lorenzo Lodi, Jonathan Tennyson, Andrey Yachmenev, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Nikolai F. Zobov, J. Mol. Spec., 327 (2016) 21-30 Afaf R. Al Derzia, Tibor Furtenbacher, Jonathan Tennyson, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Attila G. Császár, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Trans., 161 (2015) 117-130

  12. Simulating the Impact Response of Full-Scale Composite Airframe Structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Seal, Michael D.

    2012-01-01

    NASA Langley Research Center obtained a composite helicopter cabin structure in 2010 from the US Army's Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP) that was fabricated by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation. The cabin had been subjected to a vertical drop test in 2008 to evaluate a tilting roof concept to limit the intrusion of overhead masses into the fuselage cabin. Damage to the cabin test article was limited primarily to the roof. Consequently, the roof area was removed and the remaining structure was cut into test specimens including a large subfloor section and a forward framed fuselage section. In 2011, NASA and Sikorsky entered into a cooperative research agreement to study the impact responses of composite airframe structures and to evaluate the capabilities of the explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA®, to simulate these responses including damage initiation and progressive failure. Most of the test articles were manufactured of graphite unidirectional tape composite with a thermoplastic resin system. However, the framed fuselage section was constructed primarily of a plain weave graphite fabric material with a thermoset resin system. Test data were collected from accelerometers and full-field photogrammetry. The focus of this paper will be to document impact testing and simulation results for the longitudinal impact of the subfloor section and the vertical drop test of the forward framed fuselage section.

  13. Impact Testing and Simulation of Composite Airframe Structures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Horta, Lucas G.; Annett, Martin S.; Fasanella, Edwin L.; Seal, Michael D., II

    2014-01-01

    Dynamic tests were performed at NASA Langley Research Center on composite airframe structural components of increasing complexity to evaluate their energy absorption behavior when subjected to impact loading. A second objective was to assess the capabilities of predicting the dynamic response of composite airframe structures, including damage initiation and progression, using a state-of-the-art nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA. The test specimens were extracted from a previously tested composite prototype fuselage section developed and manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation under the US Army's Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP). Laminate characterization testing was conducted in tension and compression. In addition, dynamic impact tests were performed on several components, including I-beams, T-sections, and cruciform sections. Finally, tests were conducted on two full-scale components including a subfloor section and a framed fuselage section. These tests included a modal vibration and longitudinal impact test of the subfloor section and a quasi-static, modal vibration, and vertical drop test of the framed fuselage section. Most of the test articles were manufactured of graphite unidirectional tape composite with a thermoplastic resin system. However, the framed fuselage section was constructed primarily of a plain weave graphite fabric material with a thermoset resin system. Test data were collected from instrumentation such as accelerometers and strain gages and from full-field photogrammetry.

  14. Expedition 28 Docking

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-10

    Top officials from the Russian Federal Space Agency and NASA hold a Soyuz post-docking press conference at the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia on Friday, June 10, 2011. The Soyuz TMA-02M docked to the International Space Station carrying Expedition 28 Soyuz Commander Sergei Volkov, NASA Flight Engineer Mike Fossum and JAXA (Japanase Aerospace Exploration Agency) Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  15. Installing the new PCE (Proximity Communications Equipment) hardware

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-29

    ISS011-E-09799 (27 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works with the new Proximity Communications Equipment (PCE) hardware of the ASN-M satellite navigation system for the European Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) “Jules Verne” in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. The ATV is scheduled to arrive at the Station next year.

  16. Expedition 21 Crew Prepares For Launch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2009-09-29

    Chief, State Organization, Gagarin Research and Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Sergei Krikalev, left, Ambassador of the United States of America to the Russian Federation, John Beyrle, center, and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden say hello to each other prior to talking to Expedition 21 crew members Maxim Suraev, Jeffrey N. Williams and Spaceflight Participant Guy Laliberté, Wednesday, Sept. 30, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  17. Expedition 11 and Expedition 12 commander and Spaceflight participant in Zvezda

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-10-08

    ISS011-E-14192 (8 October 2005) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (right), Expedition 11 commander; astronaut William S. McArthur Jr. (center), Expedition 12 commander and NASA science officer; and U. S. Spaceflight Participant Gregory Olsen are pictured in the Destiny laboratory of the international space station following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 11 to Expedition 12.

  18. Expedition One CDR and Flight Engineer in Node 1/Unity module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-16

    STS98-E-5291 (16 February 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (left), Expedition One flight engineer representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, and astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, Expedition One commander, look toward their astronaut visitors (out of frame), about to conclude their time on the outpost. The scene was recorded with a digital still camera during farewells in the Unity node.

  19. Expedition 28 Docking

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-10

    Vladimir Popovkin, Head of the Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) answers a reporter’s question during a Soyuz post-docking press conference at the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia on Friday, June 10, 2011. The Soyuz TMA-02M docked to the International Space Station carrying Expedition 28 Soyuz Commander Sergei Volkov, NASA Flight Engineer Mike Fossum and JAXA (Japanase Aerospace Exploration Agency) Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  20. Expedition 28 Docking

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-06-10

    William Gerstenmaier, Associate Administrator for Space Operations, is interviewed by Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) TV following a Soyuz post-docking press conference at the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia on Friday, June 10, 2011. The Soyuz TMA-02M docked to the International Space Station carrying Expedition 28 Soyuz Commander Sergei Volkov, NASA Flight Engineer Mike Fossum and JAXA (Japanase Aerospace Exploration Agency) Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  1. Kononenko, Padalka and Pettit in the US Lab

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    ISS031-E-081644 (17 May 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (left), Expedition 31 commander, conducts a crew safety briefing in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station shortly after Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka (center) and Sergei Revin (out of frame); along with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba (not pictured) docked with the space station in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft. NASA astronaut Don Pettit, flight engineer, is at right.

  2. Expedition 32 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-09-17

    Expedition 32 NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba is helped from a Russian Search and Rescue all terrain vehicle (ATV) to his helicopter after he and Expedition 32 Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin returned from the International Space Station on Monday, Sept. 17, 2012. Acaba, Padalka and Revin returned from five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  3. Expedition 32 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-09-17

    Expedition 32 NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba is helped from a Russian Search and Rescue all terrain vehicle (ATV) after he and Expedition 32 Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin returned from the International Space Station on Monday, Sept. 17, 2012. Acaba, Padalka and Revin returned from five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  4. Currie and Krikalev remove launch restraint bolts in FGB/Zarya module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-11

    S88-E-5085 (12-11-98) --- Nancy J. Currie and Sergei Krikalev use rechargeable power tools to tighten and loosen nuts onboard the Russian-built Zarya module which they entered on Flight Day 8. The two are mission specialists, with Krikalev representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA). The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 05:28:53 GMT, Dec. 11.

  5. STS-102 / Expedition 1 Crew Return Ceremony at Ellington Field.

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-22

    JSC2001-E-08325 (22 March 2001) --- Some of the participants of the Expedition One and STS-102 crew return ceremony applaud one of the speakers. Pictured from the left are cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliev, Deputy Director of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City; cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer; astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, mission commander; and Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander.

  6. Expedition 31 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-04-24

    Expedition 31 NASA flight engineer Joe Acaba signs for his Soyuz vehicle simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, left, and flight engineer Sergei Revin look on. Acaba, Padalka and Revin are set to launch to the International Space Station May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  7. Expedition 31 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-04-24

    Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka signs for his Soyuz vehicle simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Tuesday, April 24, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members NASA flight engineer Joe Acaba, left, and flight engineer Sergei Revin look on. Padalka, Acaba and Revin are set to launch to the International Space Station May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  8. Testing the newly installed PCE (Proximity Communications Equipment) hardware

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-29

    ISS011-E-09816 (28 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, tests the newly installed Proximity Communications Equipment (PCE) hardware of the ASN-M satellite navigation system for the European Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) “Jules Verne” in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. The ATV is scheduled to arrive at the Station next year.

  9. Testing the newly installed PCE (Proximity Communications Equipment) hardware

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-28

    ISS011-E-09812 (28 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, tests the newly installed Proximity Communications Equipment (PCE) hardware of the ASN-M satellite navigation system for the European Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) “Jules Verne” in the Zvezda Service Module of the international space station. The ATV is scheduled to arrive at the station next year.

  10. Expedition 11 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-10-10

    Members of the 11th expedition to the International Space Station, astronaut John Phillips, top left, and cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, front, arrive at Star City, Russia, Tuesday, Oct. 11, 2005. The crew landed near Arlalyk, Kazakhstan after a six-month mission in orbit. Along with American businessman Greg Olsen, who visited the station for more than a week, Phillips and Krikalev returned to Earth aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  11. Expedition 37 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-09-24

    Expedition 37 NASA Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins, left, and Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov share a laugh at a press conference held at the Cosmonaut Hotel, on Tuesday, Sept. 24, 2013, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket is scheduled for September 26 and will send Hopkins, Kotov and Russian Flight Engineer Sergei Ryazansky on a five and a half-month mission aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  12. View of the STS-88 crew in the Node 1/Unity module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-10

    STS088-322-035 (4 - 15 DECEMBER 1998) --- Three STS-88 crew members are pictured in one of two Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMA) connected to the Unity and Zarya modules. Taking pictures in the foreground is astronaut Jerry L. Ross, mission specialist. Others are astronaut Robert D. Cabana (left), mission commander, and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA).

  13. Expedition 29 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-22

    Expedition 29 Commander Mike Fossum is seen in a traditional Kazakhstan hat gifted to him during a welcome ceremony at the Kustanay Airport in Kazakhstan on Tuesday, Nov. 22, 2011. NASA Astronaut Fossum, Russian Cosmonaut Sergei Volkov and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa returned from more than five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 28 and 29 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  14. Inferring directions of evolution from patterns of variation: The legacy of Sergei Meyen

    PubMed Central

    Sharov, Alexei A.; Igamberdiev, Abir U.

    2014-01-01

    In the era of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, which no longer considers natural selection as the only leading factor of evolution, it is meaningful to revisit the legacy of biologists who discussed the role of alternative factors. Here we analyze the evolutionary views of Sergei Meyen (1935-1987), a paleobotanist who argued that the theory of evolution should incorporate a “nomothetical” approach which infers the laws of morphogenesis (i.e., form generation) from the observed patterns of variation in living organisms and in the fossil records. Meyen developed a theory of “repeated polymorphic sets” (RPSs), which he applied consistently to describe inter-organism variation in populations, intra-organism variation of metameric organs, variation of abnormalities, heterotopy, changes during embryo development, and inter-species variation within evolutionary lineages. The notion of RPS assumes the active nature of organisms that possess hidden morphogenic and behavioural capacities. Meyen's theory is compatible with Darwin's natural selection; however Meyen emphasized the importance of other forms of selection (e.g., selection of developmental trajectories, habitats, and behaviours) in choosing specific elements from the RPS. Finally, Meyen developed a new typological concept of time, where time represents variability (i.e., change) of real objects such as living organisms or geological formations. PMID:25072709

  15. Expedition 31 Crew Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-14

    Quarantined Expedition 31 prime crew members, from left, NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba, Russian Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, and Russian Flight Engineer Sergei Revin pose for a group photograph during a prelaunch press conference held at the Cosmonaut Hotel on Monday, May 14, 2012 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The launch of the Soyuz spacecraft with the crew of three is scheduled for 9:01 a.m. local time on Tuesday, May 15. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  16. Expedition 31 Crew Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-14

    Quarantined Expedition 31 prime crew members, from left, NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba, Russian Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, and Russian Flight Engineer Sergei Revin answer reporters questions from behind glass during a prelaunch press conference held at the Cosmonaut Hotel on Monday, May 14, 2012 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The launch of the Soyuz spacecraft with the crew of three is scheduled for 9:01 a.m. local time on Tuesday, May 15. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  17. Expedition 31 Soyuz TMA-04M Docking to ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    The family of Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Joe Acaba sings happy birthday to him from the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia, Thursday, May 17, 2012. Acaba, Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, docked their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft to the space station at 8:36 a.m. Moscow time, two days after they launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  18. Expedition 28 prelaunch views from Russia

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-05-16

    At the Kremlin Wall at Red Square in Moscow, Expedition 28 Flight Engineer Mike Fossum of NASA (left), Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (center) and Soyuz Commander Sergei Volkov (right) pose for pictures May 16, 2011 after laying flowers and conducting other traditional activities. The trio will be launched June 8 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz TMA-02M spacecraft to the International Space Station.

  19. Russia-Georgia Conflict in South Ossetia: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-08-13

    from possible attack. Actions in Abkhazia and Western Georgia. On August 10, the U.N. Assistant Secretary-General for Peacekeeping, Edmond Mulet ...weapons and military personnel towards the Kodori Valley.” Mulet also warned that Abkhaz separatist leader Sergei Bagapsh had threatened to push the...deployments” of Abkhaz rebel weaponry, Mulet reported. Fifteen UNOMIG observers were withdrawn from the Kodori Valley because the Abkhaz rebels announced that

  20. Stowage bags in FGB/Zarya module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-31

    S114-E-5945 (31 July 2005) --- This scene in Zarya, the functional cargo block for the International Space Station, serves witness to the primary current emphasis onboard the orbital outpost. Transfers of additional water and supplies to the International Space Station continues on this Sunday as the crew aboard Space Shuttle Discovery begins Flight Day 6. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev of Russia's Federal Space Agency can be seen at the far end of the cluttered hallway.

  1. Arms Control and Proliferation Challenges to the Reset Policy

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-11-01

    all international situation in Northeast Asia, e.g., the Rise of China and Russo-Chinese partnership there. It suggests far-reaching and innovative ...Russian Energy Minis- ter Sergei Shmatko and Iranian Oil Minister Masoud Mirkazemi jointly announced a 30-year road map for bilateral cooperation...in oil and gas.138 The large deals mapped out as part of that partnership include co- operation on the transportation, swaps, and market- ing of

  2. Landing of STS-60 Space Shuttle Discovery at Kennedy Space Center

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1994-02-11

    STS060-S-035 (11 Feb 1994) --- The drag chute for Space Shuttle Discovery is deployed on the Shuttle Landing Facility, marking an end to the eight-day STS-60 mission. Landing occurred at 2:19:22 p.m. (EST). Onboard were astronauts Charles F. Bolden Jr., Kenneth S. Reightler Jr., Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, N. Jan Davis and Ronald M. Sega along with Russian cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev.

  3. Expedition 31 Soyuz TMA-04M Docking to ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    The family of Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Joe Acaba applauds as they watch the docking of the Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft on the TV screen at the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia, Thursday, May 17, 2012. The Soyuz docked to the International Space Station with Acaba and fellow crew members, Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin two days after they launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  4. View of EV Crewmember during Russian EVA 29

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-08-03

    ISS028-E-020969 (3 Aug. 2011) --- Russian cosmonauts Sergei Volkov and Alexander Samokutyaev (out of frame), both Expedition 28 flight engineers, attired in Russian Orlan spacesuits, participate in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Russian segment of the International Space Station. During the six-hour, 23-minute spacewalk, Volkov and Samokutyaev moved a cargo boom from one airlock to another, installed a prototype laser communications system and deployed an amateur radio micro-satellite.

  5. STS-97 Crew Activity Report/Flight Day 10 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2000-01-01

    On this tenth day of the STS-97 mission, Commander Brent W. Jett, Pilot Michael J. Bloomfield, and Mission Specialists Joseph R. Tanner, Carlos I. Noriega, and Marc Garneau are seen saying good-bye to the International Space Station's (ISS's) resident crew (Commander Bill Shepherd, Pilot Yuri Gidzenko and Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev) and sealing the hatches between the Endeavour Orbiter and the ISS. Footage shows the ISS against a rotating Earth as it passes over China.

  6. Krikalev dismantles probe-and-cone docking mechanism (StM) in the Progress M-53 (18P)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-19

    ISS011-E-09204 (19 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, dismantles the probe-and-cone docking mechanism in the Progress 18 spacecraft. The Progress docked to the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station (ISS) at 7:42 p.m. (CDT) as the Station flew approximately 225 statute miles, above a point near Beijing, China.

  7. Krikalev at work in Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-07

    STS098-346-0032 (7-20 February 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, carries the Vozdukh in the Unity node. Vozdukh is designed to maintain the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the cabin air within the medically permissible range for long-duration exposure. It provides the primary means of removing CO2 from the outpost's atmosphere, and its operation is based on the use of regenerated adsorbers of CO2.

  8. Russia-Georgia Conflict in South Ossetia: Context and Implications for U.S. Interests

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-08-29

    Abkhazia and Western Georgia On August 10, the U.N. Assistant Secretary-General for Peacekeeping, Edmond Mulet , reported to the U.N. Security Council that...personnel towards the Kodori Valley.” Mulet also warned that Abkhaz separatist leader Sergei Bagapsh had threatened to push the Georgian armed forces out...weaponry, Mulet reported. Fifteen UNOMIG observers were withdrawn from the Kodori Valley because the Abkhaz rebels announced that their safety could not

  9. Debate on the Chernobyl disaster: response to Dr. Sergei V. Jargin.

    PubMed

    Sherman, Janette D

    2012-01-01

    The stated purpose of Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment, published by the New York Academy of Sciences in 2009, was to challenge and answer publications on Chemobyl and its aftermath by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Until the independence of the WHO from the IAEA is assured, we can have little faith in their statements, whether it involves Chernobyl or Fukushima.

  10. Crew Earth Observations (CEO) by Expedition Five Crew

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-09-16

    ISS005- E-15375 (22 September 2002) --- This digital still camera's picture, taken from the International Space Station (ISS) on September 22, 2002, shows the central eye of Hurricane Isidore. The eye become less defined as the hurricane stalled and weakened over the Yucatan Peninsula near Merida. Onboard the orbital outpost for the Expedition Five mission are cosmonauts Valery G. Korzun, commander, and Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineer, both with Rosaviakosmos; and astronaut Peggy A. Whitson, flight engineer.

  11. Expedition 31 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-04-23

    Expedition 31 NASA NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba signs for his International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Monday, April 23, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Soyuz commander Gennady Padalka (left) and Sergei Revin look on. Acaba, Padalka and Revin are set to launch May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  12. jsc2014e093279

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2014-11-18

    6103: At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 42/43 crewmember Samantha Cristoforetti of the European Space Agency tests her vestibular system on a tilt table Nov. 18 as part of pre-launch training. Cristoforetti, Terry Virts of NASA and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) will launch Nov. 24, Kazakh time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Soyuz TMA-15M spacecraft for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Sergei Fyodorov

  13. In-flight portrait of the STS-60 crew

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-04-09

    STS060-31-009 (3-11 Feb. 1994) --- The six-member STS-60 crew pose for the traditional in-flight crew portrait, with American and Russian flags forming the backdrop on the space shuttle Discovery’s middeck. Left to right (front row) are N. Jan Davis, Charles F. Bolden Jr. and Franklin R. Chang-Diaz; and (back row) Ronald M. Sega, Sergei K. Krikalev and Kenneth S. Reightler Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  14. STS-98 CDR and Expedition One Flight Engineer say goodbye

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-16

    STS98-E-5295 (16 February 2001) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell (left), STS-98 mission commander, participates in farewells with Expedition One crew members. Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (right foreground), Expedition One flight engineer, is one of three crew members who will stay behind for several weeks prior to return to Earth. Astronauts Mark L. Polansky, STS-98 pilot, and Robert L. Curbeam, mission specialist, are also pictured. The scene was recorded with a digital still camera.

  15. STS-88 Mission Highlights Resources Tape. Tape B

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    The STS-88 flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev present a video overview of their space flight. Tape two of three includes the installation of an S-Band to help monitor the UNITY Connecting Module, the opening of UNITY's hatch, the opening of the main compartment hatch to ZARYA Control Module, and the repair of the inflight maintenance system.

  16. Phillips during EVA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-18

    ISS011-E-11944 (18 August 2005) --- Attired in a Russian Orlan spacesuit, astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA science officer and flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA). The 4 hour 58 minute spacewalk by Phillips and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (out of frame), commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, was the 62nd EVA in support of station assembly and maintenance, the 34th conducted from the station itself, and the 16th from the Pirs Docking Compartment.

  17. STS-114: Discovery Question & Answer with Joint Crew on ISS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    STS-114 Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Souichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Charles Camarda, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and Flight Engineer John Phillips answers questions from United States, Japanese and Russian News media in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. Risk, safety, extravehicular activities, spacewalks, re-entry, gap fillers, tiles, flight operations, flight crew activities, team work, and life in space are topics covered with the News media.

  18. Expedition 31 Soyuz TMA-04M Docking to ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    View from the balcony of the Russian Mission Control Center shows the Expedition 31 crew portrait along with a timeline of Soyuz TMA-04M docking events on Thursday, May 17, 2012, in Korolev, Russia. The Soyuz docked to the International Space Station at 8:36 a.m. Moscow time with Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, and NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba two days after they launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  19. Expedition 31 Soyuz TMA-04M Docking to ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    Russian flight controllers at the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia monitor the Soyuz TMA-04M as it docks to the International Space Station on Thursday, May 17, 2012. Onboard the soyuz spacecraft are Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, and NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba. The crew of three launched at 9:01 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Tuesday, May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  20. Expedition 31 Soyuz TMA-04M Docking to ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    A television screen as seen from the balcony of the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia shows the Soyuz TMA-04M as it docks to the International Space Station on Thursday, May 17, 2012. Onboard the soyuz spacecraft are Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, and NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba. The crew of three launched at 9:01 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Tuesday, May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  1. Expedition 31 Crew Prepares For Launch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-15

    Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Joe Acaba, left, Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, and, Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, right, receive a formal go for launch from Vitaly Alexandrovich Lopota, President of Energia, left, and Vladimir Popovkin, Director of Roscosmos prior to their launch onboard the Soyuz TMA-04M on Tuesday, May 15, 2012 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The Soyuz spacecraft with Padalka, Revin, and Acaba onboard, launched at 9:01 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Tuesday, May 15. Photo Credit: (NASA/GCTC/Andrey Shelepin)

  2. Expedition 32 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-09-17

    Expedition 32 NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba rests on the Russian Search and Rescue helicopter that is carrying him from the Soyuz TMA-04M landing site in a remote area outside Arkalyk, Kazakhstan to Kostanay, Kazakhstan shortly after he and Expedition 32 Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin returned from the International Space Station on Monday, Sept. 17, 2012. Acaba, Padalka and Revin returned from five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  3. Expedition 32 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-09-17

    A view inside inside the Russian Search and Rescue helicopter that will carry Expedition 32 Flight Engineer Joe Acaba from the Soyuz TMA-04M landing site in a remote area outside Arkalyk, Kazakhstan to Kostanay, Kazakhstan shortly after he and Expedition 32 Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin returned from the International Space Station on Monday, Sept. 17, 2012. Acaba, Padalka and Revin returned from five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  4. Krikalev with probe-and-cone docking mechanism (StM) in the Zvezda module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-19

    ISS011-E-09210 (19 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, holds the dismantled probe-and-cone docking mechanism from the Progress 18 spacecraft in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station (ISS). The Progress docked to the aft port of the Service Module at 7:42 p.m. (CDT) as the two spacecraft flew approximately 225 statute miles, above a point near Beijing, China.

  5. STS-102 / Expedition 1 Crew Return Ceremony at Ellington Field.

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-03-22

    JSC2001-E-08317 (22 March 2001) --- Members of the Expedition One crew await opportunities to individually address a crowd gathered at Ellington Field to honor their return to Houston. return. Pictured from the left are cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliev, Deputy Director of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City; cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer; astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, mission commander; and Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander; along with Joseph Rothenberg, NASA Associate Administrator for Space Flight.

  6. STS-88 Mission Highlights Resources Tape. Tape C

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    The STS-88 flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev present a video overview of their space flight. This is the last of three videos which show the highlights of the mission. This video covers the last four days (day 9 - 12) of the mission. Important images include the closing of the UNITY Connecting Module's hatch, the crew exercising, and the reentry of the spacecraft into Earth's atmosphere.

  7. Expedition 37 Soyuz Rollout

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-09-23

    Large gantry mechanisms on either side of the Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft are raised into position to secure the rocket at the launch pad on Monday, Sept. 23, 2013 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket is scheduled for September 26 and will send Expedition 37 Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov, NASA Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins and Russian Flight Engineer Sergei Ryazansky on a five and a half-month mission aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  8. Progress re-supply ship

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-01-14

    ISS01-324-002 (18 November 2000) --- A Progress supply ship linked up to the orbiting International Space Station (ISS) at 3:48 GMT, November 18, bringing Expedition 1 commander William M. Shepherd, pilot Yuri P. Gidzenko and flight engineer Sergei K. Krikalev two tons of food, clothing, hardware and holiday gifts from their families. The photograph was taken with a 35mm camera and the film was later handed over to the STS-97 crew members for return to Earth and subsequent processing.

  9. McArthur in Destiny laboratory

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-10-05

    ISS011-E-14120 (5 October 2005) --- Astronaut William S. McArthur, Jr., Expedition 12 commander and NASA science officer, works with Space Station Remote Manipulator System or Canadarm2 controls located in the Destiny lab, while sharing duty time with the Expedition 11 crewmembers on the international space station. The Expedition 11 crew of cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev of Russia's Federal Space Agency, commander, and astronaut John L. Phillips, flight engineer and NASA science officer, along with spaceflight participant Greg Olsen, will be returning to Earth early next week.

  10. Expedition 11 Soyuz Preparation

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-11

    The engines for the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft are seen, Tuesday, April 12, 2005, inside the integration facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan as preparations continued for the April 15 launch of Expedition 11 with Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, to the International Space Station. The rocket mating operation occurred on the 44th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin from the same complex to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  11. Expedition 11 Soyuz Preparation

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-11

    The engines of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft are seen, Tuesday, April 12, 2005, inside the integration facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan as preparations continued for the April 15 launch of Expedition 11 with Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, to the International Space Station. The rocket mating operation occurred on the 44th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin from the same complex to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  12. Expedition 31 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-04-23

    Expedition 31 NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba, far left, Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka and Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, third from left, select International Space Station Russian segment event simulation test cards for their final qualification test in preparation for launch, Monday, April 23, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Padalka, Acaba and Revin are set to launch May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  13. Expedition 31 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-04-23

    Expedition 31 NASA backup crew member Kevin Ford signs for his Soyuz vehicle simulation test card before senior officials at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Monday, April 23, 2012 in Star City, Russia, while his fellow crew members Oleg Novitskiy (far left) and Evgeny Tarelkin look on. Expedition 31 prime crew members commander Gennady Padalka, flight engineers Joe Acaba and Sergei Revin practiced similar scenarios nearby in advance of their final approval for launch to the International Space Station, scheduled for May 15, 2012. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

  14. jsc2013e013833

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-03-07

    With a picture of the Russian great designer Sergei Korolev over his right shoulder, Expedition 35-36 Flight Engineer Chris Cassidy (right) poses for pictures March 7 with his crewmates, Flight Engineer Alexander Misurkin (left) and Soyuz Commander Pavel Vinogradov (center) at the Gagarin Museum at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. The three crewmembers are training for their launch to the International Space Station March 29, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazkahstan. NASA / Stephanie Stoll

  15. View of the STS-88 crew in the Node 1/Unity module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-10

    STS088-322-021 (4-15 DECEMBER 1998) --- Astronaut Robert D. Cabana (left), mission commander, and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), plan their approach to tasks in the U.S.-built Unity module. All six STS-88 crew members were involved in tasks to ready Unity and the now-connected Russian-built FGB module, also called Zarya, for their International Space Station (ISS) roles. Krikalev has been named as a member of the first ISS crew.

  16. Launch of STS-60 Shuttle Discovery

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1994-02-03

    STS060-S-105 (3 Feb 1994) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery heads toward an eight-day mission in Earth orbit with five NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut aboard. Liftoff occurred as scheduled at 7:10 a.m. (EST), February 3, 1994. Aboard the spacecraft were astronauts Charles F. Bolden Jr., commander; Kenneth S. Reightler Jr., pilot; Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, payload commander; and N. Jan Davis and Ronald M. Sega, mission specialists, along with Russian cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, also a mission specialist.

  17. Launch of STS-60 Shuttle Discovery

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1994-02-03

    STS060-S-106 (3 Feb 1994) --- Palm trees are silhouetted in the foreground of this 70mm image as the Space Shuttle Discovery heads toward an eight-day mission in Earth orbit. Liftoff occurred as scheduled at 7:10 a.m. (EST), February 3, 1994. Aboard the spacecraft were astronauts Charles F. Bolden Jr., commander; Kenneth S. Reightler Jr., pilot; Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, payload commander; and N. Jan Davis and Ronald M. Sega, mission specialists, along with Russian cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, also a mission specialist.

  18. Krikalev and Currie perform an IFM on a battery recharger in the FGB/Zarya

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-11-19

    STS088-334-029 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), perform an in-flight maintenance on a battery charging unit on the Russian-built FGB Module (Zarya). One of Zarya's six batteries had experienced a problem discharging stored energy in its automatic configuration. Krikalev had swapped out an identical component during two previous flights on the Russia?s Mir Space Station.

  19. Expedition 11 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-10-10

    Astronaut John Phillips is attended to by a Russian nurse onboard the helicopter taking him from the Soyuz landing site near Arlalyk to Kustanay, Kazkahstan, Tuesday, Oct. 11, 2005. Members of the 11th expedition to the international space station, Phillips and cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, landed near Arlalyk after a six-month mission in orbit. Along with American businessman Greg Olsen, who visited the station for more than a week, Phillips and Krikalev returned to Earth aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  20. Earth observations taken by the Expedition One crew

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-12-28

    ISS001-E-5981 (28 December 2000) --- A near-vertical digital still image from the International Space Station (ISS) features Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. A small section of the Mediterranean Sea coastline is at bottom left. One of the Expedition One crew members used an extender on a 400mm lens to provide detail in the image. Onboard the outpost for the first habitation tour were astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, commander; along with cosmonauts Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander; and Sergei K. Krikalev, flight engineer.

  1. Krikalev works with the TORU teleoperated control system in the SM during Expedition 11

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-06-19

    ISS011-E-09184 (18 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, practices docking procedures with the TORU teleoperated control system in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station (ISS) in preparation for the docking of the Progress 18 spacecraft. Krikalev, using the Simvol-TS screen and hand controllers, could manually dock the Progress to the Station in the event of a failure of the Kurs automated docking system.

  2. Expedition 10 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-10-08

    Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov tours a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev, Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in advance of their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  3. Official portrait of the ISS Expedition Five crewmembers

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-02-01

    ISS005-S-002 (February 2002) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun (left), Expedition Five mission commander; astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, both flight engineers, attired in training versions of the shuttle launch and entry suit, pause from their training schedule for a crew portrait. The three will be launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in early spring of this year aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Korzun and Treschev represent the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos).

  4. Phillips during EVA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-18

    ISS011-E-11948 (18 August 2005) --- Attired in a Russian Orlan spacesuit, astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA Space Station science officer and flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA). The 4 hour 58 minute spacewalk by Phillips and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (seen in Phillip’;s helmet visor), commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, was the 62nd EVA in support of Station assembly and maintenance, the 34th conducted from the Station itself, and the 16th from the Pirs Docking Compartment.

  5. Phillips during EVA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-18

    ISS011-E-11949 (18 August 2005) --- Attired in a Russian Orlan spacesuit, astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA Space Station science officer and flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA). The 4 hour 58 minute spacewalk by Phillips and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (seen in Phillip’;s helmet visor), commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, was the 62nd EVA in support of Station assembly and maintenance, the 34th conducted from the Station itself, and the 16th from the Pirs Docking Compartment.

  6. Phillips during EVA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-18

    ISS011-E-11947 (18 August 2005) --- Attired in a Russian Orlan spacesuit, astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA Space Station science officer and flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA). The 4 hour 58 minute spacewalk by Phillips and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (seen in Phillip’;s helmet visor), commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, was the 62nd EVA in support of Station assembly and maintenance, the 34th conducted from the Station itself, and the 16th from the Pirs Docking Compartment.

  7. Phillips during EVA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-08-18

    ISS011-E-11958 (18 August 2005) --- Attired in a Russian Orlan spacesuit, astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA Space Station science officer and flight engineer, participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA). The 4 hour 58 minute spacewalk by Phillips and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (out of frame), commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, was the 62nd EVA in support of Station assembly and maintenance, the 34th conducted from the Station itself, and the 16th from the Pirs Docking Compartment.

  8. The STS-88 crew talks to media before DEPARTing for Houston

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    The STS-88 crew meet with news media at the Cape Canaveral Air Station Skid Strip before leaving for Houston. From left, they are Mission Specialists Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and James H. Newman, Commander Robert D. Cabana (at microphone), Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross and Nancy J. Currie, and Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow. The STS-88 crew returned Dec. 15 from a 12-day mission on orbit constructing the first elements of the International Space Station, the U.S.-built Unity connecting module and Russian-built Zarya control module.

  9. STS-74 flight day 6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1995-11-01

    On this sixth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hatfield and the Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, were greeted and briefly interviewed by the Secretary General of the United Nations, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, on the 50th anniversary of the United Nations via a radio satellite hookup. An additional interview with other journalists from different areas of the United States and Canada was also presented.

  10. The STS-88 crew talks to media before DEPARTing for Houston

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    STS-88 Commander Robert D. Cabana (at microphone) speaks to the news media before the crew's departure at Cape Canaveral Air Station. At left are Mission Specialists Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and James H. Newman. The other crew members (not shown) are Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross and Nancy J. Currie, and Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow. The STS-88 crew returned Dec. 15 from a 12-day mission on orbit constructing the first elements of the International Space Station, the U.S.-built Unity connecting module and Russian-built Zarya control module.

  11. Expedition 31 Soyuz TMA-04M Docking to ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    View from the balcony of the Russian Mission Control Center in Korolev, Russia a little more than an hour before the planned docking of the Soyuz TMA-04M to the International Space Station on Thursday, May 17, 2012. Onboard the soyuz spacecraft are Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka, Flight Engineer Sergei Revin, and NASA Flight Engineer Joe Acaba. The crew of three launched at 9:01 a.m. Kazakhstan time on Tuesday, May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  12. Change of Command

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-20

    ISS029-E-043148 (20 Nov. 2011) --- Expedition 28/29 and Expedition 29/30 crew members pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station?s Kibo laboratory following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 29 to Expedition 30. Pictured from the left are Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Ivanishin, Expedition 30 flight engineer; NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander; Anton Shkaplerov, Expedition 30 flight engineer; Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 29 flight engineer; NASA astronaut Mike Fossum, Expedition 29 commander; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 29 flight engineer.

  13. Change of Command

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-20

    ISS029-E-043144 (20 Nov. 2011) --- Expedition 28/29 and Expedition 29/30 crew members pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station?s Kibo laboratory following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 29 to Expedition 30. Pictured from the left are Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Ivanishin, Expedition 30 flight engineer; NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander; Anton Shkaplerov, Expedition 30 flight engineer; Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 29 flight engineer; NASA astronaut Mike Fossum, Expedition 29 commander; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 29 flight engineer.

  14. Expedition 11 Soyuz Preparation

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-11

    A detail of rail car wheels is seen, Tuesday, April 12, 2005, prior to transportation of the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft inside the integration facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan as preparations continued for the April 15 launch of Expedition 11 with Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, to the International Space Station. The rocket mating operation occurred on the 44th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin from the same complex to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  15. ISS Expedition 43 Crew Departure from Russia

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-16

    NASA video file of ISS Expedition 43 crew departure from Russia on March 16, 2015 with crewmembers Scott Kelly, Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko; and backupcrew Jeff Williams, Sergei Volkov and Alexie Ovchinin. Includes footage of crew and backup crew as the meet outside the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC); ISS Expedition 42 crewmembers Elena Serova and Alexander Samokutyaev as they exits the GCTC; crew and backup crew with family, friends and officials as they walk to park, pose for photographs and offers short remarks; and finally the crew as they are leaving by bus.

  16. Newman, Krikalev and Ross on Endeavour's middeck

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-08

    S88-E-5163 (12-08-98) --- Left to right, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross and Sergei K. Krikalev--all mission specialists--on Endeavour's middeck. Ross and Newman eventually participated in three space walks as part of the STS-88 work involved in readying the Unity and Zarya modules for their ISS roles. Krikalev, representing the Russian Space Agency, has been named as a member of the first ISS flight crew. This photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 23:14:01 GMT, Dec. 8.

  17. Expedition 11 Soyuz Preparation

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-11

    Russian technicians work, Tuesday, April 12, 2005, on mating the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft to the booster rocket inside the integration facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan as preparations continued for the April 15 launch of Expedition 11 with Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, to the International Space Station. The rocket mating operation occurred on the 44th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin from the same complex to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  18. Expedition 11 Soyuz Preparation

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-11

    A Russian technician works, Tuesday, April 12, 2005, on mating the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft to the booster rocket inside the integration facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan as preparations continued for the April 15 launch of Expedition 11 with Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, to the International Space Station. The rocket mating operation occurred on the 44th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin from the same complex to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  19. The STS-88 crew and families DEPART for Houston

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    STS-88 Commander Robert D. Cabana and his wife, Nancy, enter the airplane that will return them to Houston and the Johnson Space Center. They will be joined by other crew members, with their families, Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow. Mission Specialists Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross and Nancy J. Currie. The STS-88 crew returned Dec. 15 from a 12- day mission on orbit constructing the first elements of the International Space Station, the U.S.-built Unity connecting module and Russian-built Zarya control module.

  20. View of the STS-88 crew in the Node 1/Unity module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-11

    STS088-332-010 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (left), mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and astronaut Robert D. Cabana mission commander, plan their approach to tasks as they huddle at an internal hatch in the Russian built FGB, also called Zarya. All six STS-88 crew members were involved in tasks to ready Zarya and the now-connected U.S. Node 1, also called Unity, for their International Space Station (ISS) roles. Krikalev has been named as a member of the first ISS crew.

  1. Expedition One and STS-97 crew pose for portrait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-12-08

    S97-E-5144 (8 December 2000) --- The STS-97 astronauts and the Expedition 1 crew members pose for an historic portrait onboard the International Space Station (ISS) shortly after hatches were opened between the Space Shuttle Endeavour and the station. In front, from the left, are Sergei K. Krikalev, Brent W. Jett, Jr., William M. Shepherd and Joseph R. Tanner. In back, from the left, are Marc Garneau, Carlos I. Noriega, Yuri P. Gidzenko and Michael J. Bloomfield. A pre-set digital still camera was used to record the scene.

  2. Expedition 27 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-05-24

    Chief, Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Sergei Krikalev shakes hands and welcomes home Expedition 27 Commander Dmitry Kondratyev at the Chkalovsky airport outside Star City, Russia several hours after Kondratyev and Flight Engineers Paolo Nespoli and Cady Coleman landed in their Soyuz TMA-20 southeast of the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, on Tuesday, May 24, 2011. NASA Astronaut Coleman, Russian Cosmonaut Kondratyev and Italian Astronaut Nespoli are returning from more than five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 26 and 27 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  3. STS-88 Crew Portrait

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Five NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut assigned to the STS-88 mission pose for a crew portrait. Seated in front (left to right) are mission specialists Sergei K. Krikalev, representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and astronaut Nancy J. Currie. In the rear from the left, are astronauts Jerry L. Ross, mission specialist; Robert D. Cabana, mission commander; Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow, pilot; and James H. Newman, mission specialist. The STS-88 mission launched aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on December 4, 1998 at 2:35 a.m. (CST) to deliver the Unity Node to the International Space Station (ISS).

  4. Expedition 10 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-10-08

    Expedition 10 Commander and NASA Science Officer Leroy Chiao, center and Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov toured a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev October 9, 2004 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in advance of their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  5. Expedition 11 Launch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori of Italy blast off aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Friday, April 15, 2005, for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the Station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  6. Expedition 11 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-13

    Expedition 11 Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips is seen during a press conference, Thursday, April 14, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Phillips, Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and, European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, are scheduled to launch aboard a Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft April 15. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  7. Expedition 11 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-13

    Expedition 11 Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips speaks to the press, Thursday, April 14, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Phillips, Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, are scheduled to launch aboard a Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft April 15. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  8. Expedition 11 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-13

    The Soyuz TMA-6 sits on the pad ready for launch, Thursday, April 14, 2005, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 11 crew Commander Sergei Krikalev along with Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, will launch April 15, 2005. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  9. Expedition 11 Launch

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev, Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, blast off aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Friday, April 15, 2005, for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the Station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  10. Expedition 11 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-13

    Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev speaks to the press, Thursday, April 14, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Kiralev, Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, are scheduled to launch aboard a Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft April 15. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  11. Change of Command

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-20

    ISS029-E-043136 (20 Nov. 2011) --- Expedition 28/29 and Expedition 29/30 crew members pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station?s Kibo laboratory following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 29 to Expedition 30. Pictured on the front row are NASA astronauts Dan Burbank (left), Expedition 30 commander; and Mike Fossum, Expedition 29 commander. Pictured from the left (back row) are Russian cosmonauts Anatoly Ivanishin, and Anton Shkaplerov, both Expedition 30 flight engineers; and Sergei Volkov, Expedition 29 flight engineer; along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 29 flight engineer.

  12. Change of Command

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-20

    ISS029-E-043133 (20 Nov. 2011) --- Expedition 28/29 and Expedition 29/30 crew members pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station?s Kibo laboratory following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 29 to Expedition 30. Pictured on the front row are NASA astronauts Dan Burbank (left), Expedition 30 commander; and Mike Fossum, Expedition 29 commander. Pictured from the left (back row) are Russian cosmonauts Anatoly Ivanishin, and Anton Shkaplerov, both Expedition 30 flight engineers; and Sergei Volkov, Expedition 29 flight engineer; along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 29 flight engineer.

  13. STS-112 Flight Day 7 Highlights

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-10-01

    On this seventh day of STS-112 mission members of the crew (Commander Jeff Ashby; Pilot Pam Melroy; Mission Specialist Sandy Magnus, Piers Sellers, Dave Wolf, and Fyodor Yurchikhin) along with the Expedition Five crew (Commander Valery Korzun; Flight Engineer Peggy Whitson, and Sergei Treschev) are seen answering questions during the mission's press interview and photo opportunity. They answered various questions regarding the mission's objectives, the onboard science experiments, the extravehicular activities (EVAs) and the effects of living in space. Shots of the test deployment of the S1 truss radiator and Canadarm rotor joint are also shown.

  14. STS-112 Flight Day 7 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    On this seventh day of STS-112 mission members of the crew (Commander Jeff Ashby; Pilot Pam Melroy; Mission Specialist Sandy Magnus, Piers Sellers, Dave Wolf, and Fyodor Yurchikhin) along with the Expedition Five crew (Commander Valery Korzun; Flight Engineer Peggy Whitson, and Sergei Treschev) are seen answering questions during the mission's press interview and photo opportunity. They answered various questions regarding the mission's objectives, the onboard science experiments, the extravehicular activities (EVAs) and the effects of living in space. Shots of the test deployment of the S1 truss radiator and Canadarm rotor joint are also shown.

  15. Volkov prepares for the undocking of the ESA Jules Verne ATV during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-09-05

    ISS017-E-015230 (5 Sept. 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 17 commander, makes preparations in the International Space Station's Zvezda Service Module for the undocking of the European Space Agency's (ESA) "Jules Verne" Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). The ATV departed from the aft port of Zvezda at 4:29 p.m. (CDT) on Sept. 5, 2008 and was placed in a parking orbit for three weeks, scheduled to be deorbited on Sept. 29 when lighting conditions are correct for an ESA imagery experiment of reentry.

  16. Newman and Krikalev on middeck

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-14

    S88-E-5159 (12-14-98) --- Less than 48-hours prior to the completion of their 11-day mission in Earth orbit, two of the seven STS-88 crew members are pictured on Endeavour's middeck. They are James H. Newman (left) and Sergei K. Krikalev, both mission specialists. Krikalev represents the Russian Space Agency (RSA) and has been named to the first ISS crew. Newman earlier had joined astronaut Jerry L. Ross on three space walks to perform a number of tasks to ready the first components of ISS. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 03:00:43, Dec. 14.

  17. In-flight portrait of the STS-60 crew

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-04-09

    STS060-31-028 (3-11 Feb. 1994) --- Five NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut squeeze through the tunnel which connects the shirt-sleeve environments of the space shuttle Discovery and the SPACEHAB module. SPACEHAB is located in the spacecraft’s payload bay. Charles F. Bolden Jr., mission commander, is at upper right. Others, clockwise from the commander, are Ronald M. Sega and N. Jan Davis, both mission specialists; Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, payload commander; cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, mission specialist; and Kenneth S. Reightler Jr., pilot. The six spent eight days in Earth orbit. Photo credit: NASA

  18. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-28

    Launched on July 26 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the External Stowage Platform-2. Back dropped by popcorn-like clouds, the MPLM can be seen in the cargo bay as Discovery undergoes rendezvous and docking operations. Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the spacecraft from the International Space Station (ISS).

  19. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-28

    Launched on July 26, 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the External Stowage Platform-2. Back dropped by popcorn-like clouds, the MPLM can be seen in the cargo bay as Discovery undergoes rendezvous and docking operations. Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the spacecraft from the International Space Station (ISS).

  20. Kononenko, Padalka and Acaba in Columbus

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-17

    ISS031-E-081658 (17 May 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (background) and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, both Expedition 31 flight engineers, are pictured during a crew safety briefing in the Columbus laboratory to familiarize them with the potential hazards and available safety measures onboard the International Space Station. Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (mostly out of frame at left), commander, conducted the briefing. Out of frame are European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, NASA astronaut Don Pettit and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin, all flight engineers. The event took place shortly after Padalka, Revin and Acaba docked with the space station in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft.

  1. Expedition 10 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-10-08

    Expedition 10 Commander and NASA Science Officer Leroy Chiao, right, Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin, left, toured a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev, Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in advance of their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  2. Expedition 11 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-13

    Expedition 11 Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips, left, crew Commander Sergei Krikalev and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, join together at a press conference, Thursday, April 14, 2005, prior to their April 15 launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  3. Currie and Krikalev pull launch restraint bolts in the FGB/Zarya module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-11-19

    STS088-359-037 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, both mission specialists, use rechargeable power tools to manipulate nuts and bolts on the Russian-built Zarya module. Astronaut Robert D. Cabana, mission commander, translates along the rail network in the background. The six STS-88 crew members had earlier entered the module through the U.S.-built Unity connecting module. Rails, straps and tools indicate the crewmembers had been working awhile when this photo was taken. Krikalev, representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), has been assigned as a member of the three-man initial International Space Station (ISS) crew.

  4. STS-88 Day 01 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    On this first day of the STS-88 mission, the flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev can be seen performing pre-launch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew is readied in the "white room" for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters.

  5. Research summer camp in photonics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buyanovskaya, Elizaveta; Melnik, Maksim; Egorov, Vladimir; Gleim, Artur; Lukishova, Svetlana; Kozlov, Sergei; Zhang, Xi-Cheng

    2017-08-01

    ITMO University and the University of Rochester became close partners several years ago. One of the first outcomes of this mutually beneficial partnership was the creation of International Institute of Photonics and Optical Information Technologies led by Prof. Sergei Kozlov and Prof. Xi-Cheng Zhang. Universities have created a double Masters-degree program in optics in 2014, and several ITMO students have been awarded degrees from Rochester. At the same time ITMO University organizes Summer Research camp in Photonics for University of Rochester students. Students spent two weeks in the Northern Capital of Russia learning about the emerging practical applications of femtosecond optics, terahertz biomedicine and quantum information technologies.

  6. Volkov and Kononenko prepare for the undocking of the ESA Jules Verne ATV during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-09-05

    ISS017-E-015234 (5 Sept. 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonauts Sergei Volkov (left) and Oleg Kononenko, Expedition 17 commander and flight engineer, respectively, make preparations in the International Space Station's Zvezda Service Module for the undocking of the European Space Agency's (ESA) "Jules Verne" Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). The ATV departed from the aft port of Zvezda at 4:29 p.m. (CDT) on Sept. 5, 2008 and was placed in a parking orbit for three weeks, scheduled to be deorbited on Sept. 29 when lighting conditions are correct for an ESA imagery experiment of reentry.

  7. Volkov and Kononenko prepare for the undocking of the ESA Jules Verne ATV during Expedition 17

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-09-05

    ISS017-E-015229 (5 Sept. 2008) --- Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonauts Sergei Volkov (left) and Oleg Kononenko, Expedition 17 commander and flight engineer, respectively, make preparations in the International Space Station's Zvezda Service Module for the undocking of the European Space Agency's (ESA) "Jules Verne" Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). The ATV departed from the aft port of Zvezda at 4:29 p.m. (CDT) on Sept. 5, 2008 and was placed in a parking orbit for three weeks, scheduled to be deorbited on Sept. 29 when lighting conditions are correct for an ESA imagery experiment of reentry.

  8. jsc2018e050018

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-05-21

    jsc2018e0500108 - In the town of Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 56 backup crewmembers Anne McClain of NASA (left), Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos (center) and David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency (right), lay flowers and pay tribute at the statue of Sergei Korolev, the Russian space designer icon May 21 during traditional pre-launch activities. They are the backups to the prime crew, Serena Aunon-Chancellor of NASA, Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, who will launch June 6 on the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft from Baikonur for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

  9. STS-88 in-flight crew portrait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-14

    S88-E-5169 (12-14-98) --- A pre-set electronic still camera (ESC) was used to take one of the traditional in-flight crew portraits for the STS-88 members on Endeavour's mid deck. From the left are Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, Robert D. Cabana, Frederick W. (Rick) Sturckow, Nancy J. Currie and Sergei K. Krikalev. Krikalev, representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), has been assigned as one of the crew members for the first ISS crew. A banner representing the participating countries for ISS and a model of the connected Unity-Zarya modules are in the background. The photo was taken at 23:41:40, Dec. 14.

  10. Expedition 11 and Expedition 12 on-orbit crew portrait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-10-08

    ISS011-E-14191 (8 October 2005) --- The crewmembers onboard the International Space Station pose for a group photo in the Destiny laboratory following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 11 to Expedition 12. From the left (front row) are Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander; and astronaut William S. McArthur Jr., Expedition 12 commander and NASA science officer. From the left (back row) are astronaut John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA science officer and flight engineer; U.S. Spaceflight Participant Gregory Olsen; and Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Valery I. Tokarev, Expedition 12 flight engineer.

  11. Red star in orbit

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Oberg, J. E.

    1981-01-01

    Since the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 in 1957, the extent and direction of the Soviet space effort have remained unclear. The present book penetrates the secrecy-shrouded Soviet space program, telling not only of its unpublicized disasters, but giving credit to its recent successes as well. The book discusses Khrushchev's sponsorship of early space successes as political surprises, and the incident in October 1960, when forty rocket engineers died in a launch-pad disaster. The life story of Sergei Korolev, the chief designer, is discussed, as well as the 'race to the moon' in the late 1960s. The Apollo-Soyuz expedition and other more recent space-station missions are presented.

  12. STS-114 Discovery's approach for docking

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-28

    ISS011-E-11255 (28 July 2005) --- Space shuttle Discovery was about 600 feet from the international space station when cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander, and astronaut John L. Phillips, NASA science officer and flight engineer, photographed the spacecraft as it approached the station and performed a backflip to allow photography of its heat shield. Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 commander, guided the shuttle through the flip. The photos will be analyzed by engineers on the ground as additional data to evaluate the condition of Discovery’s heat shield. The Italian-built Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) is visible in the cargo bay.

  13. jsc2012e238541

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-11-27

    At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia, the next trio of residents to be launched to the International Space Station began two days of certification exams for flight Nov. 27, 2012. Expedition 34/35 NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn (left), Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko (center) and Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency received preliminary instructions from GCTC Director Sergei Krikalev (far right). Romanenko, Marshburn and Hadfield and their backups are in the final weeks of training for launch on the Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Dec. 19 for 5 ½ months on the orbital laboratory. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

  14. Robert Lawson (?1846-1896).

    PubMed

    Larner, A J; Gardner-Thorpe, C

    2012-04-01

    Various descriptions of what would now be called Korsakoff Syndrome may be found in the medical literature predating the eponymous reports of Sergei Korsakoff (1854-1900) that date from 1887 onwards. Of these, it has been stated that the "most promising account" (Draaisma in Disturbances of the mind 163-164, 2009) may be that of Dr. Robert Lawson, published in 1878 in the journal Brain in its inaugural year of publication (Lawson in Brain 1:182-194, 1878). As Lawson is likely to be an unfamiliar name to most neurologists, and does not appear in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, we offer this brief account of his life and work.

  15. First person - Chih-Wen Chu.

    PubMed

    2018-05-16

    First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Chih-Wen Chu is the first author on 'The Ajuba family protein Wtip regulates actomyosin contractility during vertebrate neural tube closure', published in Journal of Cell Science. Chih-Wen is an associate scientist in the lab of Sergei Sokol at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA, investigating apical constriction and planar cell polarity, with a focus on protein dynamics at the cell junctions. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

  16. Simulating the Impact Response of Composite Airframe Components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

    2014-01-01

    In 2010, NASA Langley Research Center obtained residual hardware from the US Army's Survivable Affordable Repairable Airframe Program (SARAP). The hardware consisted of a composite fuselage section that was representative of the center section of a Black Hawk helicopter. The section was fabricated by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation and designated the Test Validation Article (TVA). The TVA was subjected to a vertical drop test in 2008 to evaluate a tilting roof concept to limit the intrusion of overhead mass items, such as the rotor transmission, into the fuselage cabin. As a result of the 2008 test, damage to the hardware was limited primarily to the roof. Consequently, when the post-test article was obtained in 2010, the roof area was removed and the remaining structure was cut into six different types of test specimens including: (1) tension and compression coupons for material property characterization, (2) I-beam sections, (3) T-sections, (4) cruciform sections, (5) a large subfloor section, and (6) a forward framed fuselage section. In 2011, NASA and Sikorsky entered into a cooperative research agreement to study the impact responses of composite airframe structures and to evaluate the capabilities of the explicit transient dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA®, to simulate these responses including damage initiation and progressive failure. Finite element models of the composite specimens were developed and impact simulations were performed. The properties of the composite material were represented using both a progressive in-plane damage model (Mat 54) and a continuum damage mechanics model (Mat 58) in LS-DYNA. This paper provides test-analysis comparisons of time history responses and the location and type of damage for representative I-beam, T-section, and cruciform section components.

  17. STS-88 crew members take part in news conference

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Introduced by NASA News Chief Bruce Buckingham (left), the STS-88 crew answer questions from media representatives after a day of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. From left, they are Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross, Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman and Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. The TCDT provides the crew with simulated countdown exercises, emergency egress training, and opportunities to inspect their mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. STS-88 is targeted for launch on Dec. 3, 1998. It is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module.

  18. Cosmonaut Krikalev takes photos in U.S. Laboratory /Destiny module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-11

    STS98-E-5138 (11 February 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer, takes still photographs onboard the newly opened Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). After astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, Expedition One commander, opened the Destiny hatch, he and astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell (out of frame) ventured inside at 8:38 a.m. (CST), February 11, 2001. As depicted in subsequent digital images in this series, members of both crews went to work quickly inside the new module, activating air systems, fire extinguishers, alarm systems, computers and internal communications. The crew also took some photos and continued equipment transfers from the shuttle to the station.

  19. Konstantin Gringauz (1918-1993)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Konstantin Gringauz of the Space Research Institute in Moscow died on June 10 of a heart attack. A pioneer of the space age, his professional legacy includes many important contributions to the broad field of space research during the past 4 decades.Born in Tula in southeast Russia in 1918, he was the son of a pharmacist. In 1947, he moved to a laboratory in Sergei Korolev's new Bureau for Rocket Development. A year later, he participated for the first time in the launching of a V-2 rocket, which carried his radio probe to study the ionosphere. In 1949, he received his Ph.D. and was put in charge of Korolev's laboratory for radio technology. In 1956, he began designing instruments.

  20. Expedition 11 Launch Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, left, Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips, right, pose for a photo with officials at the launch pad prior to launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Friday, April 15, 2005 for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the Station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  1. STS-114 and Expedition 11 Onboard Group Photo

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    The seven crew members of the STS-114 mission and two Expedition 11 crew members gather for a group shot in the Destiny Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS). From the left (front row) are astronauts Andrew S. W. Thomas, mission specialist (MS); Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 commander; Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; and John L. Phillips, Expedition 11 NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer. From the left (back row) are astronauts Soichi Noguchi, STS-114 MS, representing the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); James M. Kelly, STS-114 pilot; and Charles J. Camarda, Wendy B. Lawrence, and Stephen K. Robinson, all STS-114 mission specialists.

  2. Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) in Discovery Cargo Bay

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Launched on July 26, 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the External Stowage Platform-2. Back dropped by popcorn-like clouds, the MPLM can be seen in the cargo bay as Discovery undergoes rendezvous and docking operations. Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the spacecraft from the International Space Station (ISS).

  3. Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) in Discovery Cargo Bay

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Launched on July 26 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the External Stowage Platform-2. Back dropped by popcorn-like clouds, the MPLM can be seen in the cargo bay as Discovery undergoes rendezvous and docking operations. Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the spacecraft from the International Space Station (ISS).

  4. Expedition 43 Media Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-21

    Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) Chief Epidemiologist Sergei Savin stands in the Cosmonaut Hotel lobby and instructs the media on how their access to the Expedition 43 prime and backup crews will be organized during media day, Saturday, March 21, 2015, Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Expedition 43 NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, and Russian Cosmonauts Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time (March 27 Eastern time.) As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  5. STS-102 Crew Activity Report/Flight Day 12 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2001-01-01

    On this 12th day of the STS-102 mission, the crews of STS-102 (Commander James Wetherbee, Pilot James Kelly, and Mission Specialists Andrew Thomas and Paul Richards), Expedition 1 (William Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko, and Sergei Krikalev), and Expedition 2 (James Voss, Susan Helms, and Yuriy Usachev) are seen during the in-flight ceremony where Commander Shepherd transfers control of the International Space Station (ISS) to Commander Usachev. The hatch between the ISS and the Discovery Orbiter is closed, and Discovery is seen undocking from the ISS. External views of the ISS are shown against a backdrop of Earth. The Great Lakes area and Chicago are seen from space during night, when lights outline the city.

  6. Expedition 29 Landing

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-11-22

    Expedition 29 Commander Mike Fossum, right, tosses his hat into the air and comments to Peggy Whitson, NASA Chief of the Astronaut Office, about how strange the effects of gravity feel as they land in a helicopter in Kustanay, Kazakhstan just a few hours after he and Expedition 29 Flight Engineers Sergei Volkov and Satoshi Furukawa landed in their Soyuz TMA-02M capsule in a remote area outside of the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, on Tuesday, Nov. 22, 2011. NASA Astronaut Fossum, Russian Cosmonaut Volkov and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Astronaut Furukawa are returning from more than five months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 28 and 29 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  7. Expedition 43 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-15

    Expedition 43 backup crew members Jeff Williams of NASA, left, Alexey Ovchinin, center, and Sergei Volkov of Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) stop to wave hello to photographers during their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft fit check, Sunday, March 15, 2015 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The prime crew members Russian Cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko, Gennady Padalka of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), and NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly are preparing for launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time. As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Victor Zelentsov)

  8. Preflight coverage of STS-114 & Expedition 7 Crews, Emergency Egress Training

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-09-12

    JSC2002-01650 (12 September 2002) --- The STS-114 and Expedition Seven crews, attired in training versions of the full-pressure launch and entry suit, pose for a group photo prior to a training session in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). From the left are astronauts Eileen M. Collins, James M. Kelly, STS-114 mission commander and pilot, respectively; Soichi Noguchi and Stephen K. Robinson, both STS-114 mission specialists; Edward T. Lu, Expedition Seven flight engineer; cosmonauts Sergei I. Moschenko and Yuri I. Malenchenko, Expedition Seven flight engineer and mission commander, respectively. Moschenko and Malenchenko represent Rosaviakosmos and Noguchi represents Japan’s National Space Development Agency (NASDA).

  9. STS-88 in-flight crew portrait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-14

    S88-E-5170 (12-15-98) --- A pre-set electronic still camera (ESC) was used to take one of the traditional in-flight crew portraits for the STS-88 members on Endeavour's mid deck. From the left are Frederick W. (Rick) Sturckow, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, Nancy J. Currie, Robert D. Cabana and Sergei K. Krikalev. Krikalev, representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), has been assigned as one of the crew members for the first ISS crew. A banner representing the participating countries for ISS and a model (near Krikalev) of the connected Unity-Zarya modules are in the background. The photo was taken at 00:12:48 GMT, Dec. 15.

  10. jsc2013e091191

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-10-27

    The Expedition 38/39 backup crewmembers lay flowers in front of a statue of Sergei Korolev, the Russian space icon who supervised Yuri Gagarin’s launch in 1961 to become the first human to fly in space, during a tour of the city of Baikonur, Kazakhstan October 27. Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (left), Max Suraev (center) and Reid Wiseman of NASA (right) are understudies to the prime crew, Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Soyuz Commander Mikhail Tyurin and Rick Mastracchio of NASA, who will launch Nov. 7, Kazakh time, in the Soyuz TMA-11M spacecraft from Baikonur to begin a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

  11. Demikhov's "Mechanical Heart": The Circumstances Surrounding Creation of the World's First Implantable Total Artificial Heart in 1937.

    PubMed

    Glyantsev, Sergey P; Tchantchaleishvili, Vakhtang; Bockeria, Leo A

    2016-01-01

    The world's first implantable total artificial heart was designed by Vladimir Demikhov as a fourth year biology student in Voronezh, Soviet Union, in 1937. As a prototype of his device, Demikhov must have used an apparatus for extracorporeal blood circulation invented by Sergei Bryukhonenko of Moscow. The device was the size of a dog's native heart and consisted of two diaphragm pumps brought into motion by an electric motor. A dog with an implanted device lived for 2.5 hours. In addition to having the prototype, the preconditions for Demikhov's artificial heart creation were his manual dexterity, expertise in animal physiology, and his mechanistic worldview.

  12. Views of the ISS during Endeavour's final flyaround for STS-97

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-12-09

    STS097-703-030 (30 Nov.-11 Dec. 2000) --- The International Space Station (ISS) is photographed during a fly-around by the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The 240-foot-long, 38-foot-wide solar array (top) is the newest part and one of the most prominent components of the station. Onboard ISS for about 40 days at the time of this photo were astronaut William M. Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri P. Gidzenko and Sergei K. Krikalev. Onboard the shuttle were STS-97 astronauts – commander Brent W. Jett, Jr., pilot Mike Bloomfield and mission specialists Marc Garneau of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Carlos I. Noriega and Joseph R. Tanner.

  13. STS-60 Cosmonauts in Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) training

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1993-01-07

    S93-26022 (Feb 1993) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev maneuvers a small life raft during bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Shuttle crew members frequently utilize the 25-ft. deep pool to learn proper procedures to follow in the event of emergency egress from their Space Shuttle via the escape pole system. Krikalev is one of two cosmonauts in training for the STS-60 mission. One of the two will serve as primary payload specialist with the other filling an alternate's role. This pool and the facility in which it is housed are titled the WET-F because they are also used by astronauts rehearsing both mission-specific and contingency extravehicular activities (EVA).

  14. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members in SSPF

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    STS-102 Mission Specialists James Voss, Susan Helms and Yuri Usachev, with the Russian Space Agency (RSA), pose in front of the U.S. Lab module, named Destiny, in the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF). STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi- Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. The mission is also transporting Helms, Voss and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. In exchange, the mission will return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  15. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members in SSPF

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    Inside the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF), a technician (right) explains use of the equipment in front of (left) STS-102 Mission Specialists James Voss, Susan Helms and Yuri Usachev, with the Russian Space Agency (RSA). STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. The mission is also transporting Helms, Voss and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. In exchange, the mission will return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  16. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    At SPACEHAB, in Titusville, Fla., STS-102 Mission Specialist Yuri Usachev, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA), looks at part of the cargo on the Integrated Cargo Carrier. STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. It is also transporting Usachev, and Mission Specialists James Voss and Susan Helms as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. The mission will also return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  17. Smokey the Bear Toy floating in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-08-03

    ISS032-E-011664 (3 Aug. 2012) --- Smokey Bear floats freely in the hatchway of the International Space Station’s Destiny laboratory. On May 15, 2012, Smokey traveled aboard the Soyuz spacecraft with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin to the space station. As a recognized symbol for wildland fire prevention, his presence on the orbiting complex also highlights the many areas of active space station research related to Earth observations, plant growth and combustion and materials sciences, as well as existing spinoff technologies in these areas. NASA, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Texas Forest Service are teaming up to celebrate Smokey's 68th birthday Aug. 9 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

  18. Smokey the Bear Toy floating in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-08-03

    ISS032-E-011666 (3 Aug. 2012) --- Smokey Bear floats freely in the hatchway of the International Space Station’s Destiny laboratory. On May 15, 2012, Smokey traveled aboard the Soyuz spacecraft with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin to the space station. As a recognized symbol for wildland fire prevention, his presence on the orbiting complex also highlights the many areas of active space station research related to Earth observations, plant growth and combustion and materials sciences, as well as existing spinoff technologies in these areas. NASA, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Texas Forest Service are teaming up to celebrate Smokey's 68th birthday Aug. 9 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

  19. Smokey the Bear Toy in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-08-03

    ISS032-E-011662 (3 Aug. 2012) --- Smokey Bear floats freely in the Unity node of the International Space Station. On May 15, 2012, Smokey traveled aboard the Soyuz spacecraft with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin to the space station. As a recognized symbol for wildland fire prevention, his presence on the orbiting complex also highlights the many areas of active space station research related to Earth observations, plant growth and combustion and materials sciences, as well as existing spinoff technologies in these areas. NASA, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Texas Forest Service are teaming up to celebrate Smokey's 68th birthday Aug. 9 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

  20. Smokey the Bear Toy in the Node 1

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-08-03

    ISS032-E-011654 (3 Aug. 2012) --- Smokey Bear floats freely near crew insignias placed in the Unity node of the International Space Station. On May 15, 2012, Smokey traveled aboard the Soyuz spacecraft with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin to the space station. As a recognized symbol for wildland fire prevention, his presence on the orbiting complex also highlights the many areas of active space station research related to Earth observations, plant growth and combustion and materials sciences, as well as existing spinoff technologies in these areas. NASA, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Texas Forest Service are teaming up to celebrate Smokey's 68th birthday Aug. 9 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

  1. Smokey the Bear Toy floating in ISS Hatchway

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-08-03

    ISS032-E-011678 (3 Aug. 2012) --- Smokey Bear floats freely near a hatchway on the International Space Station. On May 15, 2012, Smokey traveled aboard the Soyuz spacecraft with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin to the space station. As a recognized symbol for wildland fire prevention, his presence on the orbiting complex also highlights the many areas of active space station research related to Earth observations, plant growth and combustion and materials sciences, as well as existing spinoff technologies in these areas. NASA, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Texas Forest Service are teaming up to celebrate Smokey's 68th birthday Aug. 9 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

  2. jsc2013e080223

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-09-06

    At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 37/38 Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov (second from left) holds a toy cat mascot during a pre-launch news conference Sept. 6 as his crewmates, Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins of NASA (far left) and Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy (second from the right) look on. Also participating in the news conference was the head of the Cosmonaut Training Center, Sergei Krikalev (far right). The mascot will be mounted inside the crew’s Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft over Kotov’s head as a “zero-g indicator” once the crew launches. Their launch to the International Space Station is set for Sept. 26, Kazakh time, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

  3. Expedition 17 Pre-launch Images from Kazakhstan

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-04-07

    JSC2008-E-032248 (7 April 2008) --- At their crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 17 Commander Sergei Volkov (center), Flight Engineer Oleg Kononenko (right) and South Korean spaceflight participant So-yeon Yi clasp hands for photographers on April 7, 2008, the eve of their launch to the International Space Station. Volkov, Kononenko and Yi are scheduled to launch to the station on the Soyuz TMA-12 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 8 and arrive at the ISS on April 10 to begin what will be six months in space for Volkov and Kononenko. Yi will be in space nine days on the complex, returning to Earth with two of the Expedition 16 crewmembers currently on the station. Photo Credit: NASA /Victor Zelentsov

  4. Expedition 10 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-10-08

    Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov, right, Expedition 10 Commander and NASA Science Officer Leroy Chiao and Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin, left, toured a museum bearing the name of historic Russian rocket designer Sergei Korolev, Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan prior to their liftoff to the International Space Station October 14. The traditional visit included the signing of their names in commemorative books and a wall at the museum, and touring the cottages nearby where Korolev and Yuri Gagarin slept on the eve of Gagarin's launch April 12, 1961 to become the first human in space. The tour guide points out a piece of art made entirely of painted grains of rice depicting Yuri Gargarin and Korolev. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  5. Expedition 11 Launch Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, right, is outfitted in his Russian Sokol suit, Friday, April 15, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Vittori, along with Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips were preparing for launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at daybreak on April 15 for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  6. Expedition 11 Launch Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev, seated, is outfitted in his Russian Sokol suit, Friday, April 15, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Krikalev, along with Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, were preparing for launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at daybreak on April 15 for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  7. Expedition 11 Launch Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev, left, is outfitted in his Russian Sokol suit, Friday, April 15, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Krikalev, along with Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, were preparing for launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at daybreak on April 15 for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  8. Expedition 11 Press Conference

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-13

    Expedition 11 backup crew Robert Thirsk of Canada, left, American Dan Tani, Russian Commander Mikhail Tyurin and prime Expedition 11 crew Commander Sergei Krikalev, fourth from left, Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori of Italy, right, talk to the press, Thursday, April 14, 2005, prior to the April 15 launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the Station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  9. Expedition 11 Launch Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev, right, is outfitted in his Russian Sokol suit, Friday, April 15, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Krikalev, along with Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips and European Space Agency Astronaut Roberto Vittori of Italy were preparing for launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at daybreak on April 15 for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  10. Expedition 11 Launch Day

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-04-15

    European Space Agency astronaut Roberto Vittori, of Italy, is outfitted in his Russian Sokol suit, Friday, April 15, 2005, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Vittori, along with Expedition 11 Commander Sergei Krikalev and Flight Engineer and NASA Science Officer John Phillips were preparing for launch aboard the Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at daybreak on April 15 for a two-day trip to the International Space Station. Krikalev and Phillips will spend six months on the station, replacing Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao and Flight Engineer Salizhan Sharipov, while Vittori will spend eight days on the Station under a commerical contract between ESA and the Russian Federal Space Agency, returning to Earth with Chiao and Sharipov on April 25. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  11. STS-88 Endeavour: TCDT-Press Q & A at KSCNF Auditorium

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Live footage of the (Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test) TCDT shows the crew of STS-88, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Curry, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, and Sergei K. Krikalev, participating in a press conference. The moderator Bruce Buckingham is seen introducing Bob Cabana, who then introduces the rest of the crewmembers. Cabana explains the mission and addresses the flight day activities. He includes the building of the Node 1 station element to the Functional Energy Block (FGB) which will already be in orbit, and two space-walks to connect power and data transmission cables. The crewmembers took turn answering questions from both the audience and via radio communication with the Johnson Space Center.

  12. [The role of S.N. Davidenkov School in becoming of national neuro-genetics].

    PubMed

    Fando, R A

    2013-01-01

    The article considers the biography of prominent Russian scientist, full member of the Academy of medical sciences of the USSR Sergei Nikolayevitch Davidenkov studying genetics of nervous diseases. The main directions of activities of the scientific school created by him are analyzed. The significance of this school in development of biology and medicine is established. The staff organizational structure, specificity of considered scientific school are established. The role of leader in organization of non-formal research community and development of scientific program is demonstrated. It is marked that in solution of many fundamental and practical tasks of medical genetics an immense merit belonged to scientific schools as a "strong side" of national science of the first half of XX century.

  13. On S.N. Bernstein's derivation of Mendel's Law and 'rediscovery' of the Hardy-Weinberg distribution.

    PubMed

    Stark, Alan; Seneta, Eugene

    2012-04-01

    Around 1923 the soon-to-be famous Soviet mathematician and probabilist Sergei N. Bernstein started to construct an axiomatic foundation of a theory of heredity. He began from the premise of stationarity (constancy of type proportions) from the first generation of offspring. This led him to derive the Mendelian coefficients of heredity. It appears that he had no direct influence on the subsequent development of population genetics. A basic assumption of Bernstein was that parents coupled randomly to produce offspring. This paper shows that a simple model of non-random mating, which nevertheless embodies a feature of the Hardy-Weinberg Law, can produce Mendelian coefficients of heredity while maintaining the population distribution. How W. Johannsen's monograph influenced Bernstein is discussed.

  14. Expedition One crew insignia

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-11-29

    ISS001-S-001 (October 2000) --- The first International Space Station (ISS) crew patch is a simplified graphic of the station complex when fully completed. The station is seen with solar arrays turned forward. The last names of the Expedition One crew, Soyuz pilot Yuri Gidzenko, flight engineer Sergei Krikalev, and expedition commander William (Bill) Shepherd, appear under the station symbol. The insignia design for ISS flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and cosmonauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator and NASA's international partners may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which we do not anticipate, it will be publicly announced.

  15. View of Atlantis leaving the ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2011-07-19

    ISS028-E-017501 (19 July 2011) --- This picture of the space shuttle Atlantis was photographed from the International Space Station as the orbiting complex and the shuttle performed their relative separation in the early hours of July 19, 2011. The Raffaello multi-purpose logistics module, which transported tons of supplies to the complex, can be seen in the cargo bay. It is filled with different materials from the station for return to Earth. Onboard the station were Russian cosmonauts Andrey Borisenko, commander; Sergei Volkov and Alexander Samokutyaev, both flight engineers; Japan Aerospace Exploration astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, and NASA astronauts Mike Fossum and Ron Garan, all flight engineers. Onboard the shuttle were NASA astronauts Chris Ferguson, commander; Doug Hurley, pilot; and Sandy Magnus and Rex Walheim, both mission specialists.

  16. jsc2012e051224

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-09

    In the town of Baikonur, Kazakhstan, the Expedition 31/32 backup crew participated in Victory Day celebration activities May 9, 2012 as they took a break from training for the launch of the Soyuz TMA-04M May 15 to the International Space Station. Victory Day commemorates the triumph of Russia over Nazi Germany in World War II, one of Russia’s most solemn occasions. From left to right holding flowers are backup NASA Flight Engineer Kevin Ford, backup Soyuz Commander Oleg Novitskiy and backup Flight Engineer Evgeny Tarelkin. The prime crew, Gennady Padalka, Sergei Revin and NASA’s Joe Acaba, are training for their launch in the Soyuz vehicle on May 15 for a four-month mission on the orbital complex. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

  17. jsc2012e051223

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2012-05-09

    In the town of Baikonur, Kazakhstan, the Expedition 31/32 backup crew participated in Victory Day celebration activities May 9, 2012 as they took a break from training for the launch of the Soyuz TMA-04M May 15 to the International Space Station. Victory Day commemorates the triumph of Russia over Nazi Germany in World War II, one of Russia’s most solemn occasions. From left to right holding flowers are backup NASA Flight Engineer Kevin Ford, backup Soyuz Commander Oleg Novitskiy and backup Flight Engineer Evgeny Tarelkin. The prime crew, Gennady Padalka, Sergei Revin and NASA’s Joe Acaba, are training for their launch in the Soyuz vehicle on May 15 for a four-month mission on the orbital complex. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

  18. STS-114 Flight Day 8 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    The major activities of Day 8 for the STS-114 crew of the Space Shuttle Discovery (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) and the Expedition 11 crew of the International Space Station (ISS) (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) are a press conference and a conversation with President Bush. The two crews are interviewed by American, Japanese, and Russian media. Discovery crew members on the shuttle's mid-deck review paperwork regarding the impending extravehicular activity (EVA) to remove gap fillers from underneath the orbiter, and the Space Station Remote Manipulator System grapples the External Stowage Platform-2 in the Shuttle's payload bay. Finally, Mission control grants the shuttle crew some time off.

  19. STS-74 Flight Day 5

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    On this fifth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hadfield, were awakened to the theme from the movie '2001: A Space Odyssey.' The Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, and shuttle astronauts are shown giving each other plaques and presents to commemorate their historic docking event and the start towards the development of the International Space Station. There is a press conference from Moscow by a one of the officers of the Russian Space Agency with both flight crews and an additional separate press interview of the crews by Canadian reporters. There is video footage of the two docked spacecraft taken from various angles.

  20. STS-74 flight day 5

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1995-11-01

    On this fifth day of the STS-74 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth Cameron, Pilot James Halsell, and Mission Specialists William McArthur, Jerry Ross, and Chris Hatfield, were awakened to the theme from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey'. The Mir 20 cosmonauts, Cmdr. Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Avdeyev, and Cosmonaut-Researcher (ESA) Thomas Reiter, and shuttle astronauts are shown giving each other plaques and presents to commemorate their historic docking event and the start towards the development of the International Space Station. There is a press conference from Moscow by a one of the officers of the Russian Space Agency with both flight crews and an additional separate press interview of the crews by Canadian reporters. There is video footage of the two docked spacecraft taken from various angles.

  1. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    At SPACEHAB, in Titusville, Fla., members of the STS-102 crew look at part of the cargo for their mission. From left are Mission Specialists James Voss, Susan Helms and Yuri Usachev, with the Russian Space Agency (RSA). STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. The mission is also transporting Helms, Voss and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. In exchange, the mission will return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  2. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members in SSPF

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    STS-102 crew members at left are briefed by workers (right) in the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) on equipment for their mission. From left are Mission Specialists James Voss, Susan Helms and Yuri Usachev, with the Russian Space Agency (RSA). STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. The mission is also transporting Helms, Voss and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. In exchange, the mission will return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    The 2013 International Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference was held in Santa Fe, NM from April 15-17. There were 15 invited talks spanning the field of fusion theory on topics such as stellerator theory, intrinsic rotation in tokamaks, transport in the plasma edge, and plasma-wall interactions. Author-provided summaries of several of the invited talks are included on pages 5 to 10 of this document. Plenary talks were given by Per Helander (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany) on “Overview of recent developments in stellerator theory”, Amit Misra (Los Alamos National Laboratory) on “Stable storage of Helium at interfaces in nanocomposites”, Sergei Krasheninnikovmore » (UC San Diego) on “On the physics of the first wall in fusion devices”, and Stuart Bale (UC Berkeley) on “Solar wind thermodynamics and turbulence: collisional – collisionless transitions”.« less

  4. STS-88 Mission Highlights Resources Tape. Tape A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    The STS-88 flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev present a video overview of their space flight. This is the first of three videos which show the highlights of the Endeavour mission. Important visual images include pre-launch activities such as the eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. Once on-orbit crew members are seen delivering and connecting the UNITY Connecting Module to the ZARYA Control Module.

  5. STS-60 Cosmonauts in Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) training

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1993-01-07

    S93-26021 (Feb 1993) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev maneuvers a small life raft during bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Two SCUBA-equipped divers assisted Krikalev in the STS-60 training exercise. Shuttle crew members frequently utilize the 25-ft. deep pool to learn proper procedures to follow in the event of emergency egress from their Space Shuttle via the escape pole system. Krikalev is one of two cosmonauts in training for the STS-60 mission. One of the two will serve as primary payload specialist with the other filling an alternate's role. This pool and the facility in which it is housed are titled the WET-F, because they are also used by astronauts rehearsing both mission-specific and contingency extravehicular activities (EVA).

  6. Off with your heads: isolated organs in early Soviet science and fiction.

    PubMed

    Krementsov, Nikolai

    2009-06-01

    In the summer of 1925, a debutant writer, Aleksandr Beliaev, published a 'scientific-fantastic story', which depicted the travails of a severed human head living in a laboratory, supported by special machinery. Just a few months later, a young medical researcher, Sergei Briukhonenko, succeeded in reviving the severed head of a dog, using a special apparatus he had devised to keep the head alive. This paper examines the relationship between the literary and the scientific experiments with severed heads in post-revolutionary Russia, which reflected the anxieties about death, revival, and survival in the aftermath of the 1914-1923 'reign of death' in that country. It contrasts the anguished ethical questions raised by the story with the public fascination for 'science that conquers death'.

  7. Off with your heads: isolated organs in early Soviet science and fiction

    PubMed Central

    Krementsov, Nikolai

    2009-01-01

    In the summer of 1925, a debutant writer, Aleksandr Beliaev, published a ‘scientific-fantastic story’, which depicted the travails of a severed human head living in a laboratory, supported by special machinery. Just a few months later, a young medical researcher, Sergei Briukhonenko, succeeded in reviving the severed head of a dog, using a special apparatus he had devised to keep the head alive. This paper examines the relationship between the literary and the scientific experiments with severed heads in post-revolutionary Russia, which reflected the anxieties about death, revival, and survival in the aftermath of the 1914–1923 ‘reign of death’ in that country. It contrasts the anguished ethical questions raised by the story with the public fascination for ‘science that conquers death’. PMID:19442924

  8. On S.N. Bernstein’s derivation of Mendel’s Law and ‘rediscovery’ of the Hardy-Weinberg distribution

    PubMed Central

    Stark, Alan; Seneta, Eugene

    2012-01-01

    Around 1923 the soon-to-be famous Soviet mathematician and probabilist Sergei N. Bernstein started to construct an axiomatic foundation of a theory of heredity. He began from the premise of stationarity (constancy of type proportions) from the first generation of offspring. This led him to derive the Mendelian coefficients of heredity. It appears that he had no direct influence on the subsequent development of population genetics. A basic assumption of Bernstein was that parents coupled randomly to produce offspring. This paper shows that a simple model of non-random mating, which nevertheless embodies a feature of the Hardy-Weinberg Law, can produce Mendelian coefficients of heredity while maintaining the population distribution. How W. Johannsen’s monograph influenced Bernstein is discussed. PMID:22888285

  9. Expedition 43 Preflight

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-03-06

    Expedition 43 prime and backup crews pose for a photograph together in front of St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow as part of traditional pre-launch ceremonies, from left, Expedition 43 backup crew members; NASA Astronaut Jeff Williams, Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), Russian cosmonaut Alexei Ovchinin of Roscosmos, Expedition 43 prime crew members; NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka of Roscosmos, and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko of Roscosmos, Friday, March 6, 2015. Kelly, Padalka, and Kornienko are preparing for launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time. As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

  10. STS-88 Mission Specialist Currie receives M-113 training during TCDT activities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    STS-88 Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie prepares to operate an M-113, an armored personnel carrier, as part of emergency egress training under the watchful eye of instructor George Hoggard (left) during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT also provides the crew with simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect their mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. Mission STS-88 is targeted for launch on Dec. 3, 1998. It is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. Others in the STS-88 crew are Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana; Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow; and Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, and Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut.

  11. KSC-02pd0706

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Orbiter Processing Facility, STS-111 Mission Specialist Philippe Perrin, with the French Space Agency, looks over the payload installed in Endeavour's payload bay. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include payload familiarization and a simulated launch countdown. The crew also comprises Commander Kenneth Cockrell, Pilot Paul Lockhart and Mission Specialist Franklin Chang-Diaz. The payload on mission STS-111 to the International Space Station includes the Mobile Base System, an Orbital Replacement Unit and Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Traveling on Endeavour is also the Expedition 5 crew - Commander Valeri Korzun, Peggy Whitson and Sergei Treschev -- who will replace the Expedition 4 crew on the Station. Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Space Agency. Launch of Endeavour is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  12. KSC-02pd0709

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Expedition 5 crew poses during suitup prior to going to the launch pad for a simulated countdown. From left are astronaut Sergei Treschev, astronaut Peggy Whitson and Commander Valeri Korzun. Treschev and Korzun are with the Russian Space Agency. The simulation is part of STS-111 Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also includes the mission crew Commander Kenneth Cockrell, Pilot Paul Lockhart and Mission Specialists Franklin Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin, with the French Space Agency. The payload on the mission to the International Space Station includes the Mobile Base System, an Orbital Replacement Unit and Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. The Expedition 5 crew is traveling on Endeavour to replace the Expedition 4 crew on the Station. Launch of Endeavour is scheduled for May 30, 2002.

  13. KSC-02pd0707

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Orbiter Processing Facility, STS-111 Mission Specialists Philippe Perrin, with the French Space Agency, and Franklin Chang-Diaz pause during their checkout of the payload installed in Endeavour's payload bay. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include payload familiarization and a simulated launch countdown. The crew also comprises Commander Kenneth Cockrell and Pilot Paul Lockhart. The payload on the mission to the International Space Station includes the Mobile Base System, an Orbital Replacement Unit and Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Traveling on Endeavour is also the Expedition 5 crew - Commander Valeri Korzun, Peggy Whitson and Sergei Treschev -- who will replace the Expedition 4 crew on the Station. Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Space Agency. Launch of Endeavour is scheduled for May 30, 2002.

  14. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    At SPACEHAB, in Titusville, Fla., members of the STS-102 crew look over the Integrated Cargo Carrier and the Russian crane Strela as part of familiarization activities. Starting second to left are Mission Specialists Susan Helms, cosmonaut Yuri Usachev, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and James Voss. STS- 102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. It is also transporting Voss, Helms and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. The mission will also return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  15. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    At SPACEHAB, in Titusville, Fla., members of the STS-102 crew look at part of the equipment on the Integrated Cargo Carrier that will be on their mission. From left are Mission Specialists Susan Helms, James Voss and Yuri Usachev, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA). STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi- Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. The mission is also transporting Helms, Voss and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. In exchange, the mission will return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  16. STS-88 Crew Breakfast in O&C Building

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    The STS-88 crew gather for the traditional pre-launch breakfast in the Operations and Checkout Building. From left to right are Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross and Nancy J. Currie, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow, and Mission Specialists James H. Newman and Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. Mission STS-88 is expected to launch at 3:56 a.m. EST aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour on Dec. 3. Endeavour carries the Unity connecting module, which the crew will be mating with the Russian-built Zarya control module already on orbit. In addition to Unity, two small replacement electronics boxes are on board for possible repairs to Zarya batteries. The mission is expected to last 11 days, 19 hours and 49 minutes, landing at 10:17 p.m. EST on Dec. 14.

  17. ISS Progress 24 Rollout

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2007-01-16

    JSC2007-E-03079 (16 Jan. 2007) --- Roll-out of the Progress 24 vehicle occurred on schedule at 7:00 a.m., Jan. 16, 2007 (local time) at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. Progress 24 bears on the side of the Soyuz launch vehicle the name of Sergei Korolev, the "Great Designer" of Soviet spacecraft, whose 100th birthday was celebrated on Jan. 12. A portrait of him is painted on the external payload fairing. Korolev, named in his memory, is now the suburb of Moscow where the Russian Mission Control Center resides. After it reaches orbit, a series of pre-programmed engine firings will lead to the automated docking of Progress 24 to the now-vacant Pirs Docking Compartment at 9:00 p.m. CST on Jan. 19. (6:00 a.m. on Jan. 20, Moscow time). Photo Credit: NASA

  18. Crew Interviews: Treschev

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    Sergei Treschev is a Cosmonaut of the Rocket Space Corporation Energia, (RSC), from Volynsky District, Lipetsk Region (Russia). He graduated from Moscow Energy Institute. After years of intense training with RSC Energia, he was selected as International Space Station (ISS) Increment 5 flight engineer. The Expedition-Five crew (two Russian cosmonauts and one American astronaut) will stay on the station for approximately 5 months. The Multipurpose Logistics Module, or MPLM, will carry experiment racks and three stowage and resupply racks to the station. The mission will also install a component of the Canadian Arm called the Mobile Base System (MBS) to the Mobile Transporter (MT) installed during STS-110. This completes the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS. The mechanical arm will now have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab fixture to the MSS and travel along the Truss to work sites.

  19. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    At SPACEHAB, in Titusville, Fla., members of the STS-102 crew pose for a photograph with SPACEHAB workers in front of the International Cargo Carrier, which will carry cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). The crew are, left to right, Mission Specialists James Voss, Yuri Usachev, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and Susan Helms. STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. The mission is also transporting Helms, Voss and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. In exchange, the mission will return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  20. STS-111 Flight Day 09 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    The STS-111 flight crew consists of Kenneth D. Cockrell, Commander, Paul S. Lockhart, Pilot, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist, Philippe Perrin, (CNES), Mission Specialist, Valery G. Korzun, (RSA), ISS Up, Peggy A. Whitson, ISS Up , Sergei Y. Treschev (RSC), ISS Up, Yuri I. Onufriyenko (RSA), ISS Down, Carl E. Walz, and Daniel W. Bursch (ISS) Down. The main goal on this ninth day of flight STS-111, is to replace the wrist roll joint of the Robotic Arm on the International Space Station. Live footage of the wrist roll joint replacement is presented. Paul Lockhart is the spacewalk coordinator for this mission. Franklin Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin, are responsible for replacing the wrist roll joint and performing maintenance activities. The spacewalk to repair this joint occurs outside the Space Station's Quest Airlock. The wrist roll joint was replaced successfully. The spacewalk took approximately 7 hours and 17 minutes to complete.

  1. STS-102 (Expedition II) crew members at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    Workers at SPACEHAB, in Titusville, Fla., help members of the STS-102 crew become familiar with the Integrated Cargo Carrier and elements of its cargo for their mission. Starting second from left are Mission Specialists James Voss and Susan Helms and, fourth from left, cosmonaut Yuri Usachev, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA). STS-102 is a resupply mission to the International Space Station, transporting the Leonardo Multi- Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) with equipment to assist in outfitting the U.S. Lab, which will already be in place. It is also transporting Voss, Helms and Usachev as the second resident crew (designated Expedition crew 2) to the station. The mission will also return to Earth the first expedition crew on ISS: William Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev (RSA) and Yuri Gidzenko (RSA). STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000.

  2. Expedition One crewmembers with IMAX camera

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-11

    STS98-E-5167 (11 February 2001) --- Astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd (left), Expedition One commander, with the help of cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, films activity onboard the newly attached Destiny laboratory. The crews of Atlantis and the International Space Station on February 11 opened the Destiny laboratory and spent the first full day of what are planned to be years of work ahead inside the orbiting science and command center. Shepherd opened the Destiny hatch, and he and Shuttle commander Kenneth D. Cockrell ventured inside at 8:38 a.m. (CST). Members of both crews went to work quickly inside the new module, activating air systems, fire extinguishers, alarm systems, computers and internal communications. The crew also continued equipment transfers from the shuttle to the station and filmed several scenes onboard the station using an IMAX camera. This scene was recorded with a digital still camera.

  3. STS-97 and Expedition One crewmembers pose for a photo in the Service Module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-12-08

    STS097-326-031 (8 December 2000)--- When the five STS-97 astronauts paid a visit to the three Expedition 1 crew members onboard the International Space Station (ISS), they all posed for a traditional in-flight portrait, albeit for the first time in the Zvezda Service Module. On the front row are (left to right) astronauts Brent W. Jett, Jr., STS-97 commander; William M. Shepherd, Expedition 1 mission commander; and Joseph R. Tanner, STS-97 mission specialist. On the second row are (from the left) cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 1 flight engineer; astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, STS-97 mission specialist; cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition 1 Soyuz commander; and astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, STS-97 pilot. Behind them is astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Krikalev and Gidzenko represent the Russian Aviation and Space Agency.

  4. STS-97 and Expedition One crewmembers pose for a photo in the Service Module

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-12-08

    STS097-313-001 (8 December 2000)--- When the five STS-97 astronauts paid a visit to the three Expedition 1 crew members onboard the International Space Station (ISS), they all posed for a traditional in-flight portrait, albeit for the first time in the Zvezda Service Module. On the front row are (left to right) astronauts Brent W. Jett, Jr., STS-97 commander; William M. Shepherd, Expedition 1 mission commander; and Joseph R. Tanner, STS-97 mission specialist. On the second row are (from the left) cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 1 flight engineer; astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, STS-97 mission specialist; cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition 1 Soyuz commander; and astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, STS-97 pilot. Behind them is astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Krikalev and Gidzenko represent the Russian Aviation and Space Agency.

  5. STS-124 and Expedition 17 crew portrait

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2008-06-09

    S124-E-007905 (9 June 2008) --- The STS-124 and Expedition 17 crewmembers pose for a group portrait following a joint news conference from the newly installed Kibo Japanese Pressurized Module of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery is docked with the station. From the left (front row) are NASA astronauts Karen Nyberg, Garrett Reisman, both STS-124 mission specialists; Mark Kelly, STS-124 commander; Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 17 commander; and NASA astronaut Mike Fossum, STS-124 mission specialist. From the left (back row) are NASA astronaut Ron Garan, STS-124 mission specialist; Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, Expedition 17 flight engineer; NASA astronauts Ken Ham, STS-124 pilot; Greg Chamitoff, Expedition 17 flight engineer; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, STS-124 mission specialist. Reisman, who joined the station's crew in March, is being replaced by Chamitoff, who arrived at the station with the STS-124 crew.

  6. STS-88 Day 11 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    On this eleventh day of the STS-88 mission, the flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev are awakened with the song "Goodnight, Sweetheart, Goodnight". Pilot Rick Sturckow undocks Endeavour from the station and backs the shuttle away to a distance of 450 feet above the station before beginning a nose-forward fly-around. Later Cabana, Sturckow and Ross deploy the SAC-A satellite from Endeavour's payload bay. SAC-A is a small, self-contained, non-recoverable satellite built by the Argentinean National Commission of Space Activities. The cube-shaped, 590-pound satellite will test and characterize the performance of new equipment and technologies that may be used in future scientific or operational missions. The payload includes a differential global positioning system, a magnetometer, silicon solar cells, a charge-coupled device Earth camera and a whale tracker experiment.

  7. KSC-2013-4333

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-12-10

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, three members of the STS-88 space shuttle crew speak to spaceport employees during a celebration commemorating the 15th anniversary of the start of assembly of the International Space Station. On stage, from the left, are mission specialist Nancy Currie and Jerry Ross, along with and mission commander Bob Cabana, who is Kennedy's director. The Russian Space Agency's Functional Cargo Block, named "Zarya," was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Nov. 20, 1998. Two weeks later, on Dec. 4, 1998, the space shuttle Endeavour lifted off from Kennedy on STS-88 with node 1, called "Unity." In addition to Cabana, Curie and Ross, the crew also included pilot Rick Sturckow, along with mission specialists Jim Newman and Sergei Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. For more information, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossman

  8. sts111-s-008

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-06-05

    STS111-S-008 (5 June 2002) --- The Space Shuttle Endeavour leaves the launch pad, headed into space for mission STS-111 to the International Space Station (ISS). Liftoff occurred at 5:22:49 p.m. (EDT), June 5, 2002. The STS-111 crew includes astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot, and Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin, mission specialists. Also onboard were the Expedition Five crew members including cosmonaut Valery G. Korzun, commander, along with astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Perrin represents CNES, the French space agency, and Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos). This mission marks the 14th Shuttle flight to the International Space Station and the third Shuttle mission this year. Mission STS-111 is the 18th flight of Endeavour and the 110th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program.

  9. STS-88 Mission Specialist Nancy Currie arrives at KSC for TCDT

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    STS-88 Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie climbs out of a T-38 jet aircraft in which she arrived after dark at the Shuttle Landing Facility in order to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT provides the crew with simulated countdown exercises, emergency egress training, and opportunities to inspect their mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. Mission STS-88 is targeted for launch on Dec. 3, 1998. It is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. Others in the STS-88 crew are Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow, Mission Specialists Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman and Sergei Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. Ross and Newman will make three spacewalks to connect power, data and utility lines and install exterior equipment.

  10. KSC-97pc654

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1997-04-16

    Representatives of RSC Energia in Russia and other onlookers in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility examine an oxygen generator which the Space Shuttle Atlantis will carry to the Russian Mir Space Station on Mission STS-84. Sergei Romanov, second from right in the white shirt, is the spokesperson for generator manufacturer RSC Energia. The nearly 300-pound generator will be strapped down on the inside surface of a SPACEHAB Double Module for the trip to Mir. It will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff. It will be the sixth Shuttle-Mir docking

  11. Cosmonaut Krikalev with IMAX camera prior to hatch opening

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-11

    STS98-E-5124 (11 February 2001) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer representing the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, films activity in the Unity node, just outside the newly attached Destiny laboratory. The crews of Atlantis and the International Space Station on February 11 opened the Destiny laboratory and spent the first full day of what are planned to be years of work ahead inside the orbiting science and command center. Astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd (just out of frame here) opened the Destiny hatch, and he and Shuttle commander Kenneth D. Cockrell ventured inside at 8:38 a.m. (CST). Members of both crews went to work quickly inside the new module, activating air systems, fire extinguishers, alarm systems, computers and internal communications. The crew also continued equipment transfers from the shuttle to the station and filmed several scenes onboard the station using the IMAX camera. This scene was recorded with a digital still camera.

  12. STS-114 Flight Day 12 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Flight Day 12 features a night undocking of Space Shuttle Discovery (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) from the International Space Station (ISS). The STS-114 crew and the Expedition 11 crew of the ISS (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) bid each other farewell. Prior to the undocking, Discovery and Mission Control are heard discussing troubleshooting of an oxygen flow sensor. Crew preparations for undocking are also heard. After the spacecraft are shown separating, Collins discusses with Mission Control possible debris seen on a monitor. The video includes several scenes of the ISS from the shuttle orbiter, one with Kazakhstan and another with the Himalayas in the background, and another shot with a hand-held camera by Noguchi. Other Earth views include the Sinai Peninsula and Nile Delta in Egypt, a storm at sea, and a black and white view of the Southern Lights over Australia.

  13. STS-114 Flight Day 6 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Day 6 is a relatively quiet day for the STS-114 crew. The main responsibility for crew members of Space Shuttle Discovery (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) and the Expedition 11 crew of the International Space Station (ISS) (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) is to unload supplies from the shuttle payload bay and from the Raffaello Multipurpose Logistics Module onto the ISS. Several of the astronauts answer interview questions from the news media, with an emphasis on the significance of their mission for the Return to Flight, shuttle damage and repair, and the future of the shuttle program. Thomas announces the winners of an essay contest for Australian students about the importance of science and mathematics education. The video includes the installation of a stowage rack for the Human Research Facility onboard the ISS, a brief description of the ISS modules, and an inverted view of the Nile Delta.

  14. Parallel k-means++

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    A parallelization of the k-means++ seed selection algorithm on three distinct hardware platforms: GPU, multicore CPU, and multithreaded architecture. K-means++ was developed by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii in 2007 as an extension of the k-means data clustering technique. These algorithms allow people to cluster multidimensional data, by attempting to minimize the mean distance of data points within a cluster. K-means++ improved upon traditional k-means by using a more intelligent approach to selecting the initial seeds for the clustering process. While k-means++ has become a popular alternative to traditional k-means clustering, little work has been done to parallelize this technique.more » We have developed original C++ code for parallelizing the algorithm on three unique hardware architectures: GPU using NVidia's CUDA/Thrust framework, multicore CPU using OpenMP, and the Cray XMT multithreaded architecture. By parallelizing the process for these platforms, we are able to perform k-means++ clustering much more quickly than it could be done before.« less

  15. STS-114 Crew Training Clip

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2003-01-01

    The crew of Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-114 is seen conducting several training exercises in preparation for their mission. The crew consists of Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, and Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi and Stephen Robinson. With them are Yuri Malenchenko, Sergei Moschenko, and Edward Lu, the intended Expedition 7 crew of the International Space Station (ISS). During extravehicular activity (EVA) training in the virtual reality (VR) laboratory, crew members explore the exterior of the ISS, seen on a monitor. Suiting up with VR equipment is also shown. More EVA training takes place in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Here the astronauts are suited up for the NBL pool, and lowered into the water on a platform. After a crew photo session, the astronauts are seated in the Motion Base Simulator in their flight suits. The simulator is shown rocking side-to-side. The crew also hears a hands-on explanation of EVA preparations in the ISS airlock, and practices emergency egress from the CCT, a simulator shaped like an orbiter.

  16. STS-111 Flight Day 2 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    On Flight Day 2 of STS-111, the crew of Endeavour (Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist; Philippe Perrin, Mission Specialist) and the Expedition 5 crew (Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer), having successfully entered orbit around the Earth, begin to maneuver towards the International Space Station (ISS), where the Expedition 5 crew will replace the Expedition 4 crew. Live video is shown of the Earth from several vantage points aboard the Shuttle. The center-line camera, which will allow Shuttle pilots to align the docking apparatus with that on the ISS, provides footage of the Earth. Chang-Diaz participates in an interview, in Spanish, conducted from the ground via radio communications, with Cockrell also appearing. Footage of the Earth includes: Daytime video of the Eastern United States with some cloud cover as Endeavour passes over the Florida panhandle, Georgia, and the Carolinas; Daytime video of Lake Michigan unobscured by cloud cover; Nighttime low-light camera video of Madrid, Spain.

  17. Molecular dynamics simulations of biological membranes and membrane proteins using enhanced conformational sampling algorithms☆

    PubMed Central

    Mori, Takaharu; Miyashita, Naoyuki; Im, Wonpil; Feig, Michael; Sugita, Yuji

    2016-01-01

    This paper reviews various enhanced conformational sampling methods and explicit/implicit solvent/membrane models, as well as their recent applications to the exploration of the structure and dynamics of membranes and membrane proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations have become an essential tool to investigate biological problems, and their success relies on proper molecular models together with efficient conformational sampling methods. The implicit representation of solvent/membrane environments is reasonable approximation to the explicit all-atom models, considering the balance between computational cost and simulation accuracy. Implicit models can be easily combined with replica-exchange molecular dynamics methods to explore a wider conformational space of a protein. Other molecular models and enhanced conformational sampling methods are also briefly discussed. As application examples, we introduce recent simulation studies of glycophorin A, phospholamban, amyloid precursor protein, and mixed lipid bilayers and discuss the accuracy and efficiency of each simulation model and method. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Proteins. Guest Editors: J.C. Gumbart and Sergei Noskov. PMID:26766517

  18. STS-88 Mission Commander Cabana looks at the mission payload Unity at pad

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    At Launch Pad 39A, STS-88 Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana gets a close look at the Unity connecting module that is in the payload bay of the orbiter Endeavour. Cabana and the STS-88 crew arrived at KSC in the early morning hours of Nov. 30 for pre- launch preparations. The other crew members are Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow, Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie, Mission Specialist James H. Newman and Mission Specialist Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. The scheduled lift-off is at 3:56 a.m. on Dec. 3. Unity is the primary payload of the mission, which is the first U.S. launch for the International Space Station. The crew will be mating Unity with the Russian-built Zarya control module already in orbit. In addition to Unity, two small replacement electronics boxes are on board for possible repairs to Zarya batteries. Endeavour is expected to land at KSC at 10:17 p.m. on Monday, Dec. 14.

  19. STS-88 Pilot Sturckow and Commander Cabana look over the payload Unity at pad

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    At Launch Pad 39A, STS-88 Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow and Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana look over the Unity connecting module that is in the payload bay of the orbiter Endeavour. Cabana, Sturckow and the STS-88 crew arrived at KSC in the early morning hours of Nov. 30 for pre-launch preparations. The other crew members are Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie, Mission Specialist James H. Newman and Mission Specialist Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. The scheduled lift-off is at 3:56 a.m. on Dec. 3. Unity is the primary payload of the mission, which is the first U.S. launch for the International Space Station. The crew will be mating Unity with the Russian-built Zarya control module already in orbit. In addition to Unity, two small replacement electronics boxes are on board for possible repairs to Zarya batteries. Endeavour is expected to land at KSC at 10:17 p.m. on Monday, Dec. 14.

  20. Decrypting protein insertion through the translocon with free-energy calculations.

    PubMed

    Gumbart, James C; Chipot, Christophe

    2016-07-01

    Protein insertion into a membrane is a complex process involving numerous players. The most prominent of these players is the Sec translocon complex, a conserved protein-conducting channel present in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes. The last decade has seen tremendous leaps forward in our understanding of how insertion is managed by the translocon and its partners, coming from atomic-detailed structures, innovative experiments, and well-designed simulations. In this review, we discuss how experiments and simulations, hand-in-hand, teased out the secrets of the translocon-facilitated membrane insertion process. In particular, we focus on the role of free-energy calculations in elucidating membrane insertion. Amazingly, despite all its apparent complexity, protein insertion into membranes is primarily driven by simple thermodynamic and kinetic principles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane proteins edited by J.C. Gumbart and Sergei Noskov. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Earth observation taken by the Expedition 11 crew

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-10

    ISS011-E-12401 (10 July 2005) --- Gulf of Finland is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 11 crew member on the international space station. This strongly oblique view shows the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in the sunglint of late afternoon. The image was taken from the station when the position of the craft lay north of the Caspian Sea, approximately 2,500 kilometers to the southeast on the Russia–Kazakhstan border. The Neva River appears in sunglint, connecting Lake Ladoga to the gulf. Although not visible, St. Petersburg—the home town of Sergei Krikalev, space station commander when this picture was taken—lies on the Neva River delta. In this view taken with a powerful 400 millimeter lens, sunglint even reveals the causeways to Kotlin Island in the gulf—including some of the details of their construction. Oblique views reveal marked layers of gray haze generated by air pollution, a common sight over Western Europe. Pollution also renders the bright glint areas a copper color.

  2. KSC-2013-4331

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-12-10

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the center's director, Bob Cabana, cuts a 15th anniversary cake during an employee celebration commemorating the start of assembly of the International Space Station. Cabana served as commander of STS-88, the space shuttle mission that launched the first American-built element of the space station, beginning the effort to construct the orbiting complex. Also participating in the ceremony were STS-88 mission specialists Nancy Currie and Jerry Ross. The Russian Space Agency's Functional Cargo Block, named "Zarya," was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Nov. 20, 1998. Two weeks later, on Dec. 4, 1998, the space shuttle Endeavour lifted off from Kennedy on STS-88 with node 1, called "Unity." In addition to Cabana, Curie and Ross, the crew also included pilot Rick Sturckow, along with mission specialists Jim Newman and Sergei Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. For more information, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossman

  3. KSC-2013-4332

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-12-10

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the center's director, Bob Cabana, speaks during an employee celebration commemorating the 15th anniversary of the start of assembly of the International Space Station. Cabana served as commander of STS-88, the space shuttle mission that launched the first American-built element of the space station, beginning the effort to construct the orbiting complex. Also participating in the ceremony were STS-88 mission specialists Nancy Currie and Jerry Ross. The Russian Space Agency's Functional Cargo Block, named "Zarya," was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Nov. 20, 1998. Two weeks later, on Dec. 4, 1998, the space shuttle Endeavour lifted off from Kennedy on STS-88 with node 1, called "Unity." In addition to Cabana, Curie and Ross, the crew also included pilot Rick Sturckow, along with mission specialists Jim Newman and Sergei Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. For more information, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossman

  4. KSC-2013-4334

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2013-12-10

    CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the center's director, Bob Cabana, right, speaks during an employee celebration commemorating the 15th anniversary of the start of assembly of the International Space Station. Cabana served as commander of STS-88, the space shuttle mission that launched the first American-built element of the space station, beginning the effort to construct the orbiting complex. Participating in the presentation, from the left, are STS-88 crew members Nancy Currie, Jerry Ross and Cabana. The Russian Space Agency's Functional Cargo Block, named "Zarya," was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Nov. 20, 1998. Two weeks later, on Dec. 4, 1998, the space shuttle Endeavour lifted off from Kennedy on STS-88 with node 1, called "Unity." In addition to Cabana, Curie and Ross, the crew also included pilot Rick Sturckow, along with mission specialists Jim Newman and Sergei Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. For more information, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossman

  5. STS-84 oxygen generator for Mir on display at SPACEHAB

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1997-01-01

    Representatives of RSC Energia in Russia and other onlookers in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility examine an oxygen generator which the Space Shuttle Atlantis will carry to the Russian Mir Space Station on Mission STS-84. Sergei Romanov, second from right in the white shirt, is the spokesperson for generator manufacturer RSC Energia. The nearly 300-pound generator will be strapped down on the inside surface of a SPACEHAB Double Module for the trip to Mir. It will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff. It will be the sixth Shuttle-Mir docking.

  6. STS-88 Pilot Sturckow and Mission Specialist Currie arrive for launch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Pilot Frederick W. 'Rick' Sturckow and Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie walk across the landing strip at the Shuttle Landing Facility after exiting the T-38 jet aircraft behind them that brought them to KSC. They join other crew members Mission Commander Robert D. Cabana, Mission Specialist Jerry L. Ross, Mission Specialist James H. Newman and Mission Specialist Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut, for pre-launch preparations for mission STS-88 aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. The scheduled time of launch is 3:56 a.m. EST on Dec. 3 from Launch Pad 39A. The mission is the first U.S. launch for the International Space Station. Endeavour carries the Unity connecting module which the crew will be mating with the Russian- built Zarya control module already in orbit. In addition to Unity, two small replacement electronics boxes are on board for possible repairs to Zarya batteries. Endeavour is expected to land at KSC at 10:17 p.m. on Monday, Dec. 14.

  7. STS-111 crew breakfast before launch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-111 crew gather for the traditional pre-launch meal before the second launch attempt aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. Seated left to right are Mission Specialists Franklin Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin (CNES); the Expedition 5 crew cosmonauts Sergei Treschev (RSA) and Valeri Korzun (RSA) and astronaut Peggy Whitson; Pilot Paul Lockhart and Commander Kenneth Cockrell. In front of them is the traditional cake. This mission marks the 14th Shuttle flight to the International Space Station and the third Shuttle mission this year. Mission STS-111 is the 18th flight of Endeavour and the 110th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program. On mission STS-111, astronauts will deliver the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, the Mobile Base System (MBS), and the Expedition Five crew to the Space Station. During the seven days Endeavour will be docked to the Station, three spacewalks will be performed dedicated to installing MBS and the replacement wrist-roll joint on the Station's Canadarm2 robotic arm. Liftoff is scheduled for 5:22 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A.

  8. "To rid oneself of the uninvited guest": Robert Koch, Sergei Winogradsky and competing styles of practice in medical microbiology.

    PubMed

    Attenborough, Frederick Thomas

    2012-01-01

    Does an infectious disease have one, singular pathogenic cause, or many interacting causes? In the discipline of medical microbiology, there is no definitive theoretical answer to this question: there, the conditions of aetiological possibility exist in a curious tension. Ever since the late 19th century, the “germ theory of disease”–“one disease, one cause”– has co-existed with a much less well known theory of “multifactorality”–“one disease, many interacting causes”. And yet, in practice, it is always a singular and never a multifactorial aetiology that emerges once the pathogenic world is brought into the field of medical perception. This paper seeks to understand why. Performing a detailed, genealogical reading of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, it foregrounds a set of links that connect the practical diagnostic tools at work within contemporary, 21st century laboratories to the philosophical assumptions at work within late-19th century understandings of the “germ theory of disease”.

  9. STS-114 Flight Day 11 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Flight Day 11 begins with the STS-114 crew of Space Shuttle Discovery (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) awaking to "Anchors Away," to signify the undocking of the Raffaello Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) from the International Space Station (ISS). Canadarm 2, the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), retrieves the Raffaello Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) from the nadir port of the Unity node of the ISS and returns it to Discovery's payload bay. The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) hands the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) to its counterpart, the SSRMS, for rebearthing in the payload bay as well. The rebearthing of the OBSS is shown in detail, including centerline and split-screen views. Collins sends a message to her husband, and talks with Representative Tom DeLay (R-TX). Earth views include the Amalfi coast of Italy. The ISS control room bids farewell to the STS-114 crew and the Expedition 11 crew (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) of the ISS.

  10. STS-114 Flight Day 10 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    On Flight Day 10 of the STS-114 mission the International Space Station (ISS) is seen in low lighting while the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), also known as Canadarm 2 grapples the Raffaello Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) in preparation for its undocking the following day. Members of the shuttle crew (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) and the Expedition 11 crew (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) of the ISS read statements in English and Russian in a ceremony for astronauts who gave their lives. Interview segments include one of Collins, Robinson, and Camarda, wearing red shirts to commemorate the STS-107 Columbia crew, and one of Collins and Noguchi on board the ISS, which features voice over from an interpreter translating questions from the Japanese prime minister. The video also features a segment showing gap fillers on board Discovery after being removed from underneath the orbiter, and another segment which explains an experimental plug for future shuttle repairs being tested onboard the mid deck.

  11. Timeliness of Creative Subjects in Architecture Education

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vargot, T.

    2017-11-01

    The following article is about the problem of insufficient number of drawing and painting lessons delivered in the process of architectural education. There is a comparison between the education of successful architects of the past and modern times. The author stands for the importance of creative subjects being the essential part of development and education of future architects. Skills achieved during the study of creative subjects will be used not only as a mean of self-expression but as an instrument in the toolkit of a professional. Sergei Tchoban was taken as an example of a successful architect for whom the knowledge of a man-made drawing is very important. He arranges the contests of architectural drawings for students promoting creative development in this way. Nowadays, students tend to use computer programs to make architectural projects losing their individual approach. The creative process becomes a matter of scissors and paste being just a copy of something that already exists. The solution of the problem is the reconsideration of the department’s curriculum and adding extra hours for creative subjects.

  12. Molecular dynamics simulations of biological membranes and membrane proteins using enhanced conformational sampling algorithms.

    PubMed

    Mori, Takaharu; Miyashita, Naoyuki; Im, Wonpil; Feig, Michael; Sugita, Yuji

    2016-07-01

    This paper reviews various enhanced conformational sampling methods and explicit/implicit solvent/membrane models, as well as their recent applications to the exploration of the structure and dynamics of membranes and membrane proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations have become an essential tool to investigate biological problems, and their success relies on proper molecular models together with efficient conformational sampling methods. The implicit representation of solvent/membrane environments is reasonable approximation to the explicit all-atom models, considering the balance between computational cost and simulation accuracy. Implicit models can be easily combined with replica-exchange molecular dynamics methods to explore a wider conformational space of a protein. Other molecular models and enhanced conformational sampling methods are also briefly discussed. As application examples, we introduce recent simulation studies of glycophorin A, phospholamban, amyloid precursor protein, and mixed lipid bilayers and discuss the accuracy and efficiency of each simulation model and method. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Proteins edited by J.C. Gumbart and Sergei Noskov. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. STS-88 Post Flight Presentation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    The flight crew of the STS-88 mission, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman, and Sergei K. Krikalev, present a video mission over-view of their space flight. Images include prelaunch activities such as eating the traditional breakfast, crew suit-up, and the ride out to the launch pad. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew can be seen being readied in the "white room" for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters. Once the seven-day mission begins, the astronauts comment on the mating of the U.S.-built Node 1 station element to the Functional Energy Block (FGB) which was already in orbit, and two EVAs that were planned to connect power and data transmission cables between the Node and the FGB. The crew can also be seen conducting a series of rendezvous maneuvers similar to those conducted on other Shuttle missions to reach the orbiting FGB.

  14. STS-114 Flight Day 3 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Video coverage of Day 3 includes highlights of STS-114 during the approach and docking of Discovery with the International Space Station (ISS). The Return to Flight continues with space shuttle crew members (Commander Eileen Collins, Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas, Wendy Lawrence, and Charles Camarda) seen in onboard activities on the fore and aft portions of the flight deck during the orbiter's approach. Camarda sends a greeting to his family, and Collins maneuvers Discovery as the ISS appears steadily closer in sequential still video from the centerline camera of the Orbiter Docking System. The approach includes video of Discovery from the ISS during the orbiter's Rendezvous Pitch Maneuver, giving the ISS a clear view of the thermal protection systems underneath the orbiter. Discovery docks with the Destiny Laboratory of the ISS, and the shuttle crew greets the Expedition 11 crew (Commander Sergei Krikalev and NASA ISS Science Officer and Flight Engineer John Phillips) of the ISS onboard the station. Finally, the Space Station Remote Manipulator System hands the Orbiter Boom Sensor System to its counterpart, the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System.

  15. ISS General Resource Reel

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    This video is a collection of computer animations and live footage showing the construction and assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). Computer animations show the following: (1) ISS fly around; (2) ISS over a sunrise seen from space; (3) the launch of the Zarya Control Module; (4) a Proton rocket launch; (5) the Space Shuttle docking with Zarya and attaching Zarya to the Unity Node; (6) the docking of the Service Module, Zarya, and Unity to Soyuz; (7) the Space Shuttle docking to ISS and installing the Z1 Truss segment and the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA); (8) Soyuz docking to the ISS; (9) the Transhab components; and (10) a complete ISS assembly. Live footage shows the construction of Zarya, the Proton rocket, Unity Node, PMA, Service Module, US Laboratory, Italian Multipurpose Logistics Module, US Airlock, and the US Habitation Module. STS-88 Mission Specialists Jerry Ross and James Newman are seen training in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). The Expedition 1 crewmembers, William Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko, and Sergei Krikalev, are shown training in the Black Sea and at Johnson Space Flight Center for water survival.

  16. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-06-05

    Aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour, the STS-111 mission was launched on June 5, 2002 at 5:22 pm EDT from Kennedy's launch pad. On board were the STS-111 and Expedition Five crew members. Astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot, and mission specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin were the STS-111 crew members. Expedition Five crew members included Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, commander, Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Three space walks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish mission objectives: the delivery and installation of a new platform for the ISS robotic arm, the Mobile Base System (MBS) which is an important part of the Station's Mobile Servicing System allowing the robotic arm to travel the length of the Station; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. Landing on June 19, 2002, the 14-day STS-111 mission was the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the ISS.

  17. KSC-98pc1792

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-04

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- As the Space Shuttle Endeavour lifts off from Launch Pad 39A on Mission STS-88, several fish believed to be mullet (at center left) "launch" themselves out of the water from one of the waterways around the pad. Liftoff of the first U.S. mission dedicated to the assembly of the International Space Station was at 3:35:34 a.m. EST on Dec. 4. During the nearly 12-day mission, the six-member crew will mate in space the first two elements of the International Space Station the already-orbiting Zarya control module with the Unity connecting module carried by Endeavour. Crew members are Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman and Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut. This was the second launch attempt for STS-88. The first one on Dec. 3 was scrubbed when launch controllers, following an assessment of a suspect hydraulic system, were unable to resume the countdown clock in time to launch within the remaining launch window

  18. STS-88 Day 10 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    On this tenth day of the STS-88 mission, the flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev are awakened by the sounds of Elvis Presley's "Hound Dog". Today's activities are devoted mostly to tasks that ready the station for future assembly work. The crew's first job is to release some cable ties on four cables connected on an earlier space walk, three located on Unity's upper mating adapter and one on its lower adapter, to relieve tension on the lines. The space walkers also will check an insulation cover on one cable connection on the lower Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA 2) to make sure it is fully installed. Near the end of the space walk, the astronauts conduct a detailed photographic survey of the space station from top to bottom. Finally, each astronaut test fires the Simplified Aid for Extravehicular Activity Rescue (SAFER) jet backpacks they are wearing, a type of space "lifejacket," that would allow an astronaut to fly back to the station if they should ever become untethered.

  19. KSC-02pd0771

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-27

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- After their arrival at the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-111 and Expedition 5 crews wave to spectators. From left are Mission Commander Kenneth Cockrell, Pilot Paul Lockhart and Mission Specialists Philippe Perrin and Franklin Chang-Diaz; Expedition 5 Commander Valeri Korzun, astronaut Peggy Whitson and cosmonaut Sergei Treschev. Perrin is with the French Space Agency; Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Space Agency. The crews have arrived to prepare for launch. Expedition 5 is traveling to the International Space Station on Space Shuttle Endeavour as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard the orbiter. Known as Utilization Flight 2, STS-111 is carrying supplies and equipment to the Station. The payload includes the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo, the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Launch is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  20. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-06-11

    The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS), was launched on June 5, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour. On board were the STS-111 and Expedition Five crew members. Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot; and mission specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin were the STS-111 crew members. Expedition Five crew members included Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, commander; Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Three space walks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish the delivery and installation of the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), an important part of the Station's Mobile Servicing System that allows the robotic arm to travel the length of the Station, which is necessary for future construction tasks. In this photograph, Astronaut Philippe Perrin, representing CNES, the French Space Agency, participates in the second scheduled EVA. During the space walk, Perrin and Chang-Diaz attached power, data, and video cables from the ISS to the MBS, and used a power wrench to complete the attachment of the MBS onto the Mobile Transporter (MT).

  1. KSC-02pd0674

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-15

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Expedition 5 and STS-111 crews pose at the Shuttle Landing Facility after their arrival to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities for launch of mission STS-111. From left, they are the Expedition Five crew -- Commander Valeri Korzun and Sergei Treschev, both of the Russian Space Agency, and Peggy Whitson -- and the STS-111 crew -- Pilot Paul Lockhart, Commander Kenneth Cockrell, and Mission Specialists Phillipe Perrin, of the French Space Agency, and Franklin Chang-Diaz. Expedition 5 will travel on Space Shuttle Endeavour to the International Space Station as a replacement crew for Expedition 4. The TCDT is a rehearsal for launch and includes emergency egress training, familiarization with payload and a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-111 is a utilization flight that will deliver equipment and supplies to the Station. Along with the Multi-Purpose Logisitics Module Leonardo, the payload includes the Mobile Base System, part of the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and an Orbital Replacement Unit, the replacement wrist/roll joint for the SSRMS (Canadarm2). Launch of Endeavour is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  2. KSC-02pd0702

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-16

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During emergency egress training on the Launch Pad 39A, STS-111 Mission Specialist Philippe Perrin, with the French Space Agency, and Expedition 5 crew member Sergei Treschev, with the Russian Space Agency, get directions about using the slidewire basket they are standing in. The training for the two crews is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-111 is known as Utilization Flight 2, carrying supplies and equipment in the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo to the International Space Station. The payload also includes the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Expedition 5 will travel to the Station on Endeavour as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard the orbiter. Launch is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  3. LPHYS'14: 23rd International Laser Physics Workshop (Sofia, Bulgaria, 14-18 July 2014)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yevseyev, Alexander V.

    2014-04-01

    The 23rd annual International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS14) will be held from 14 July to 18 July 2014 in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria, at the Ramada Sofia Hotel hosted this year by the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. LPHYS14 continues a series of workshops that took place in Dubna,1992; Dubna/Volga river tour, 1993; New York, 1994; Moscow/Volga river tour (jointly with NATO SILAP Workshop), 1995; Moscow, 1996; Prague, 1997; Berlin, 1998; Budapest, 1999; Bordeaux, 2000; Moscow, 2001; Bratislava, 2002; Hamburg, 2003; Trieste, 2004; Kyoto, 2005; Lausanne, 2006; Len, 2007; Trondheim, 2008; Barcelona, 2009; Foz do Iguau, 2010; Sarajevo, 2011; Calgary, 2012 and Prague, 2013. The total number of participants this year is expected to be about 400. In the past, annual participation was typically from over 30 countries. 2014 Chairpersons Sanka Gateva (Bulgaria), Pavel Pashinin (Russia) LPHYS14 will offer eight scientific section seminars and one general symposium: Seminar 1 Modern Trends in Laser Physics Seminar 2 Strong Field and Attosecond Physics Seminar 3 Biophotonics Seminar 4 Physics of Lasers Seminar 5 Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy Seminar 6 Physics of Cold Trapped Atoms Seminar 7 Quantum Information Science Seminar 8 Fiber Optics Symposium Extreme Light Technologies, Science and Applications Abstract of your presentation A one-page abstract should contain: title; list of all co-authors (the name of the speaker underlined); affiliations; correspondence addresses including phone numbers, fax numbers, e-mail addresses; and the text of the abstract. Abstracts should be sent to the following co-chairs of the scientific seminars and the symposium: Kirill A Prokhorov (Seminar 1) E-mail: cyrpro@gpi.ru Mikhail V Fedorov (Seminar 2) E-mail: fedorov@ran.gpi.ru Sergey A Gonchukov (Seminar 3) E-mail: gonchukov@mephi.ru Ivan A Shcherbakov (Seminar 4) E-mail: gbufetova@lsk.gpi.ru Vladimir A Makarov (Seminar 5) E-mail: makarov@msu.ilc.edu.ru Vyacheslav I Yukalov (Seminar 6) E-mail: yukalov@theor.jinr.ru Sergei P Kulik (Seminar 7) E-mail: sergei.kulik@gmail.com Sergey A Babin (Seminar 8) E-mail: babin@iae.nsk.su Nikolay B Narozhny (Symposium) E-mail: narozhny@theor.mephi.ru Deadlines Sending an entry visa support form, if needed: 15 April 2014 Receiving an abstract of your presentation: 15 April 2014 Sending a registration form: 15 April 2014 Workshop early payment fee: 15 April 2014 Workshop full payment fee: 1 July 2014 Workshop full payment fee at the conference site: on arrival Accommodation reservation (recommended): 15 May 2014 Sending a manuscript to be published in the Workshop Proceedings: 15 December 2014 Additional information for LPHYS14 can be found at www.lasphys.com

  4. LPHYS'13: 22nd International Laser Physics Workshop (Prague, 15-19 July 2013)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yevseyev, Alexander V.

    2013-04-01

    The 22nd annual International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS'13) will be held from 15-19 July 2013 in the city of Prague, Czech Republic, at the Hotel Krystal and Czech Technical University hosted this year by the Institute of Physics ASCR and Czech Technical University in Prague. LPHYS'13 continues a series of workshops that took place in Dubna, 1992; Dubna/Volga river tour, 1993; New York, 1994; Moscow/Volga river tour (jointly with NATO SILAP Workshop), 1995; Moscow, 1996; Prague, 1997; Berlin, 1998; Budapest, 1999; Bordeaux, 2000; Moscow, 2001; Bratislava, 2002; Hamburg, 2003; Trieste, 2004; Kyoto, 2005; Lausanne, 2006; León, 2007; Trondheim, 2008; Barcelona, 2009; Foz do Iguaçu, 2010; Sarajevo, 2011; and Calgary, 2012. The total number of participants this year is expected to be about 400. In the past, annual participation was typically from over 30 countries. 2013 Chairmen: Miroslav Jelinek (Czech Republic) and Pavel P Pashinin (Russia) LPHYS'13 will offer eight scientific section seminars and one general symposium: Seminar 1 Modern Trends in Laser Physics Seminar 2 Strong Field & Attosecond Physics Seminar 3 Biophotonics Seminar 4 Physics of Lasers Seminar 5 Nonlinear Optics & Spectroscopy Seminar 6 Physics of Cold Trapped Atoms Seminar 7 Quantum Information Science Seminar 8 Fiber Optics Symposium Extreme Light Technologies, Science and Applications Abstract of your presentation A one-page abstract should contain: title; list of all co-authors (the name of the speaker underlined); affiliations; correspondence addresses including phone numbers, fax numbers, e-mail addresses; and the text of the abstract. Abstracts should be sent to the following co-chairs of the scientific seminars and the symposium: Kirill A Prokhorov (Seminar 1) E-mail: cyrpro@gpi.ru Mikhail V Fedorov (Seminar 2) E-mail: fedorov@ran.gpi.ru Sergey A Gonchukov (Seminar 3) E-mail: gonchukov@mephi.ru Ivan A Shcherbakov (Seminar 4) E-mail: gbufetova@lsk.gpi.ru Vladimir A Makarov (Seminar 5) E-mail: makarov@msu.ilc.edu.ru Vyacheslav I Yukalov (Seminar 6) E-mail: yukalov@theor.jinr.ru Sergei P Kulik (Seminar 7) E-mail: sergei.kulik@gmail.com Sergey A Babin (Seminar 8) E-mail: babin@iae.nsk.su Nikolay B Narozhny (Symposium) E-mail: narozhny@theor.mephi.ru Deadlines Sending an entry visa support form, if needed: 15 April 2013 Receiving an abstract of your presentation: 15 April 2013 Sending a registration form: 15 April 2013 Workshop early payment fee: 15 April 2013 Workshop full payment fee: 1 July 2013 Workshop full payment fee at the conference site: on arrival On-campus accommodation reservation (recommended): 15 May 2013 Manuscript to be published in the Workshop proceedings: 15 December 2013 Additional information for LPHYS'13 can be found at www.lasphys.com

  5. KSC-02pd0687

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-15

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities at KSC, Expedition 5 crew member Sergei Treschev pauses before climbing inside the M-113 armored personnel carrier, used for emergency egress training at the pad. At left (behind Treschev) is George Hoggard, with the KSC/CCAS Fire Department, who supervises the driving. At right are Expedition 5 member Peggy Whitson and astronaut Tracy Caldwell (far right), a mission specialist candidate currently assigned to the Astronaut Office Space Station Operations Branch. The TCDT also includes a simulated launch countdown Known as Utilization Flight -2, the mission includes attaching a Canadian-built mobile base system to the International Space Station that will enable the Canadarm2 robotic arm to move along a railway on the Station's truss to build and maintain the outpost. The crew will also replace a faulty wrist/roll joint on the Canadarm2 as well as unload almost three tons of experiments and supplies from the Italian-built Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. . Expedition 5 will travel to the International Space Station on mission STS-111 as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard Endeavour. Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-111 is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  6. KSC-02pd1865

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-12-07

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-113 Commander James Wetherbee shakes hands with KSC Director Roy D. Bridges Jr. following landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility. From left are Kent Rominger, Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations, Wetherbee, Dr. Daniel R. Mulville, NASA Associate Deputy Administrator, and Bridges. Commander Wetherbee earlier guided Space Shuttle Endeavour to a flawless touchdown on runway 33 at the Shuttle Landing Facility after completing the 13-day, 18-hour, 48-minute, 5.74-million mile STS-113 mission to the International Space Station. Main gear touchdown was at 2:37:12 p.m. EST, nose gear touchdown was at 2:37:23 p.m., and wheel stop was at 2:38:25 p.m. Poor weather conditions thwarted landing opportunities until a fourth day, the first time in Shuttle program history that a landing has been waved off for three consecutive days. The orbiter also carried the other members of the STS-113 crew, Pilot Paul Lockhart and Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington, as well as the returning Expedition Five crew, Commander Valeri Korzun, ISS Science Officer Peggy Whitson and Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev. The installation of the P1 truss on the International Space Station was accomplished during the mission.

  7. STS-111 Crew in white room during TCDT

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the White Room, Launch Pad 39A, the STS-111 and Expedition 5 crews pose in front of the entry into Space Shuttle Endeavour. From left are Expedition 5 crew member Sergei Treschev and Commander Valeri Korzun, with the Russian Space Agency; STS-111 Mission Specialist Philippe Perrin, with the French Space Agency; Commander Kenneth Cockrell and Pilot Paul Lockhart; Expedition 5 crew member Peggy Whitson; and Mission Specialist Franklin Chang-Diaz. The crews are taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities at the pad, which include emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. The mission is Utilization Flight 2, carrying supplies and equipment to the International Space Station, the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to 'inchworm' from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Expedition 5 will travel to the Station on Endeavour as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard the orbiter. Launch is scheduled for May 30, 2002.

  8. KSC-02pd0691

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-15

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The STS-111 and Expedition 5 crews pose on top of the M-113 armored personnel carrier they practiced driving during emergency egress training at the pad. Standing, left to right, are Mission Commander Kenneth Cockrell, Mission Specialist Philippe Perrin, Expedition 5 member Peggy Whitson, Pilot Paul Lockhart and Mission Specialist Franklin Chang-Diaz; in front are Expedition 5 members Sergei Treschev (left) and Commander Valeri Korzun (right). The crews are taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities at KSC, which include a simulated launch countdown. Expedition 5 will travel to the International Space Station on mission STS-111 as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard Endeavour. Known as Utilization Flight -2, the mission includes attaching a Canadian-built mobile base system to the International Space Station that will enable the Canadarm2 robotic arm to move along a railway on the Station's truss to build and maintain the outpost. The crew will also replace a faulty wrist/roll joint on the Canadarm2 as well as unload almost three tons of experiments and supplies from the Italian-built Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-111 is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  9. STS-111/Endeavour/ISS UF2 Pre-Launch Activities: Launch with Playbacks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    This video of the preflight preparations for and launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-111 begins with a view of Endeavour on the launch pad. Additional launch pad views leading up to liftoff are interspersed with footage from the Firing Room at Kennedy Space Center, the crew's prelaunch activities, and inspection of the crew members in the White Room before boarding Endeavour. The crew is introduced by a narrator during the preflight banquet and suiting up, and a later clip shows them departing to the launch site. The crew consists of Commander Kenneth Cockrell, Pilot Paul Lockhart, Mission Specialists Philippe Perrin and Franklin Chang-Diaz, and the Expedition 5 crew of the International Space Station (ISS) (Commander Valery Korzun and Flight Engineers Peggy Whitsun and Sergei Treschev). The nozzles on Endeavour's Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) are swiveled before liftoff, and the launch is shown past the separation of the solid rocket boosters. After a brief clip from the Mission Control Center at Johnson Space Center, the following launch replays are shown: Beach Tracker, VAB, Pad A, Tower 1, UCS-15, Grandstand, Cocoa Beach DOAMS, Playalinda DOAMS, UCS-23, and OTV-070.

  10. KSC-02pd0726

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Expedition 5 Commander Valeri Korzun (with microphone) speaks to the media before leaving KSC. Behind him (left to right) are STS-111 Commander Kenneth Cockrell and Pilot Paul Lockhart; astronaut Peggy Whitson and cosmonaut Sergei Treschev; Mission Specialists Philippe Perrin and Franklin Chang-Diaz. Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Space Agency; Perrin is with the French Space Agency. They have been taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that include emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. Expedition 5 will travel to the International Space Station on mission STS-111 as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard the orbiter. Mission STS-111 is known as Utilization Flight 2, carrying supplies and equipment in the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo to the International Space Station. The payload also includes the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Launch is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  11. Relativistic Astrophysics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jones, Bernard J. T.; Markovic, Dragoljub

    1997-06-01

    Preface; Prologue: Conference overview Bernard Carr; Part I. The Universe At Large and Very Large Redshifts: 2. The size and age of the Universe Gustav A. Tammann; 3. Active galaxies at large redshifts Malcolm S. Longair; 4. Observational cosmology with the cosmic microwave background George F. Smoot; 5. Future prospects in measuring the CMB power spectrum Philip M. Lubin; 6. Inflationary cosmology Michael S. Turner; 7. The signature of the Universe Bernard J. T. Jones; 8. Theory of large-scale structure Sergei F. Shandarin; 9. The origin of matter in the universe Lev A. Kofman; 10. New guises for cold-dark matter suspects Edward W. Kolb; Part II. Physics and Astrophysics Of Relativistic Compact Objects: 11. On the unification of gravitational and inertial forces Donald Lynden-Bell; 12. Internal structure of astrophysical black holes Werner Israel; 13. Black hole entropy: external facade and internal reality Valery Frolov; 14. Accretion disks around black holes Marek A. Abramowicz; 15. Black hole X-ray transients J. Craig Wheeler; 16. X-rays and gamma rays from active galactic nuclei Roland Svensson; 17. Gamma-ray bursts: a challenge to relativistic astrophysics Martin Rees; 18. Probing black holes and other exotic objects with gravitational waves Kip Thorne; Epilogue: the past and future of relativistic astrophysics Igor D. Novikov; I. D. Novikov's scientific papers and books.

  12. STS-111 crew exits O&C building on way to LC-39A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-111 and Expedition 5 crews hurry from the Operations and Checkout Building for a second launch attempt aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. From front to back are Pilot Paul Lockhart and Commander Kenneth Cockrell; astronaut Peggy Whitson; Expedition 5 Commander Valeri Korzun (RSA) and cosmonaut Sergei Treschev (RSA); and Mission Specialists Philippe Perrin (CNES) and Franklin Chang-Diaz. This mission marks the 14th Shuttle flight to the Space Station and the third Shuttle mission this year. Mission STS-111 is the 18th flight of Endeavour and the 110th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program. On mission STS-111, astronauts will deliver the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, the Mobile Base System (MBS), and the Expedition Five crew to the Space Station. During the seven days Endeavour will be docked to the Station, three spacewalks will be performed dedicated to installing MBS and the replacement wrist-roll joint on the Station's Canadarm2 robotic arm. Endeavour will also carry the Expedition 5 crew, who will replace Expedition 4 on board the Station. Expedition 4 crew members will return to Earth with the STS-111 crew. Liftoff is scheduled for 5:22 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A.

  13. STS-111 crew exits the O&C Building before launch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The STS-111 and Expedition 5 crews eagerly exit from the Operations and Checkout Building for launch aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. It is the second launch attempt in six days. From front to back are Pilot Paul Lockhart and Commander Kenneth Cockrell; astronaut Peggy Whitson; Expedition 5 Commander Valeri Korzun (RSA) and cosmonaut Sergei Treschev (RSA); and Mission Specialists Philippe Perrin (CNES) and Franklin Chang-Diaz. This mission marks the 14th Shuttle flight to the Space Station and the third Shuttle mission this year. Mission STS-111 is the 18th flight of Endeavour and the 110th flight overall in NASA's Space Shuttle program. On mission STS-111, astronauts will deliver the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, the Mobile Base System (MBS), and the Expedition Five crew to the Space Station. During the seven days Endeavour will be docked to the Station, three spacewalks will be performed dedicated to installing MBS and the replacement wrist-roll joint on the Station's Canadarm2 robotic arm. Endeavour will also carry the Expedition 5 crew, who will replace Expedition 4 on board the Station. Expedition 4 crew members will return to Earth with the STS-111 crew. Liftoff is scheduled for 5:22 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A.

  14. STS-98 and Expedition One portrait aboard ISS

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-09

    STS98-E-5053 (9 February 2001) --- The three-man Expedition One crew hosts its second group of visitors since beginning occupancy of the International Space Station in November of last year. A pre-set digital still camera was used to record the gathering. Wearing blue flight suits for the reunion are the station's first fulltime occupants--astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd (rear left), Expedition One commander;cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko (front left), Soyuz commander; and cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (rear right), flight engineer. Astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell (second left, rear) and Mark L. Polansky (second right, rear) are STS-98 mission commander and pilot, respectively. Astronauts Thomas D. Jones, Marsha S. Ivins and Robert L. Curbeam--all mission specialists--are in front. Atlantis docked to the station on schedule at 10:51 a.m. (CST), Feb. 9 and the station and shuttle crews opened hatches between the spacecraft at 1:03 p.m., promptly beginning to unload supplies. The three-member station crew, on the eve of their 100th day aboard the outpost, greeted their first visitors in almost two months. The hatches were open for about four hours before they were closed in preparation for the first of three upcoming space walks, a six-hour sojourn scheduled for the following day from Atlantis by Jones and Curbeam.

  15. Revisiting the U.S.-Soviet space race: Comparing two systems in their competition to land a man on the moon

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Erickson, Andrew S.

    2018-07-01

    The Cold War space competition between the U.S. and the USSR, centered on their race to the moon, offers both an important historical case and larger implications for space and technology development and policy. In the late 1950s, under Premier Nikita Khrushchev's direction and Chief Designer Sergei Korolev's determined implementation, Moscow's capabilities appeared to eclipse Washington's. This called the international system's very nature into question and prompted President John F. Kennedy to declare a race to the moon. Despite impressive goals and talented engineers, in the centralized but under-institutionalized, resource-limited Soviet Union feuding chief designers playing bureaucratic politics promoted a cacophony of overambitious, overlapping, often uncompleted projects. The USSR suffered from inadequate standardization and quality control at outlying factories and failed to sustain its lead. In marked contrast, American private corporations, under NASA's well-coordinated guidance and adjudication, helped the United States overtake from behind to meet Kennedy's deadline in 1969. In critical respects, Washington's lunar landing stemmed from an effective systems management program, while Moscow's moonshot succumbed to the Soviet system, which proved unequal to the task. In less than a decade, Soviet space efforts shifted from one-upping, to keeping up, to covering up. This article reconsiders this historic competition and suggests larger conclusions.

  16. KSC-98pc1359

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-10-21

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour arrives at Launch Pad 39A in the dim early morning light, atop the mobile launcher platform and crawler transporter, after rollout from the Vehicle Assembly Building. The flag identifying the Shuttle (at right) waves slightly from the wind. At left are the Fixed Service Structure and Rotating Service Structure. While at the pad, the orbiter, external tank and solid rocket boosters will undergo final preparations for the STS-88 launch targeted for Dec. 3, 1998. Mission STS-88 is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. While on orbit, the flight crew will deploy Unity from the payload bay and connect it to the Russian-built Zarya control module which will be in orbit at that time. Unity will be the main connecting point for later U.S. station modules and components. More than 40 launches are planned over five years involving the resources and expertise of 16 cooperating nations. Comprising the STS-88 crew are Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow, Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev. Ross and Newman will make three spacewalks to connect power, data and utility lines and install exterior equipment

  17. St. Petersburg, Russia as seen from STS-60

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1994-02-09

    STS060-103-055 (3-11 Feb 1994) --- This wintertime photograph shows the large city of St. Petersburg Russia at the head of the Gulf of Finland. The city, built by Peter the Great, is situated in the former swampy delta of the Neva River which connects the large Lake Ladoga (the frozen white surface on the edge of the photograph) to the Gulf of Finland. An interesting feature of St. Petersburg which can be discerned in this photograph is the new storm surge barrier built from both sides of the Gulf of Finland out to the island of Kronstadt in the middle. This barrier, similar to that which was built on the Thames River south of London to protect it from storm surges out of the North Sea, was constructed to protect St. Petersburg from storm surges coming out of the Baltic Sea and being magnified by the topography and hydrography of the Gulf of Finland. Also visible as a thin line between Kronstadt and St. Petersburg is the ice-free shipping channel kept open much of the winter. Power plant plumes are also visible on the frame. St. Petersburg is the home of the Russian cosmonaut, Sergei Krikalev, who flew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-60.

  18. Historical aspects of the early Soviet/Russian manned space program.

    PubMed

    West, J B

    2001-10-01

    Human spaceflight was one of the great physiological and engineering triumphs of the 20th century. Although the history of the United States manned space program is well known, the Soviet program was shrouded in secrecy until recently. Konstantin Edvardovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) was an extraordinary Russian visionary who made remarkable predictions about space travel in the late 19th century. Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907-1966) was the brilliant "Chief Designer" who was responsible for many of the Soviet firsts, including the first artificial satellite and the first human being in space. The dramatic flight of Sputnik 1 was followed within a month by the launch of the dog Laika, the first living creature in space. Remarkably, the engineering work for this payload was all done in less than 4 wk. Korolev's greatest triumph was the flight of Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (1934-1968) on April 12, 1961. Another extraordinary feat was the first extravehicular activity by Aleksei Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-) using a flexible airlock that emphasized the entrepreneurial attitude of the Soviet engineers. By the mid-1960s, the Soviet program was overtaken by the United States program and attempts to launch a manned mission to the Moon failed. However, the early Soviet manned space program has a preeminent place in the history of space physiology.

  19. 'For our garden of remembrance is somewhere else': Narratives of separation through the eyes of Freud's patients.

    PubMed

    Mahalel, Anat Tzur

    2017-12-01

    This article presents a unique collection of narratives of separation - unique because the separation here is from psychoanalysis and from Freud as analyst. These narratives were published as part of memoirs written about Freud by three of his patients. Their narratives of separation give us an innovative point of view on the psychoanalytic process, in particular with respect to the importance they place on the termination phase of the analysis at a time when Freud himself had not given it much consideration. The three autobiographical texts are Abram Kardiner's memoir (1977); the memoir of Sergei Pankejeff, known as the Wolf Man (Gardiner, ); and 'Tribute to Freud', by the poet H.D. (). These three distinguished narratives are discussed here as works of translation, as understood by Walter Benjamin (1968 [1955]), Paul Ricoeur (2006 [2004]), and Jean Laplanche (1999 [1992]). They express translation under three aspects: reconstruction of the past (the work of memory), interpreting the conscious residues of the transference (the work of mourning), and, as a deferred action, deciphering the enigmatic messages received from Freud as the parental figure. This representation of the analysand's writing suggests that the separation from analysis is an endless work of translation within the endless process of deciphering the unconscious. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

  20. KSC-99pp1379

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-12-02

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-102's Expedition II discuss the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3) (top of photo) with workers from Johnson Space Center. From left are Yuriy Vladimirovich Usachev, Dave Moore (JSC), Susan J. Helms, James S. Voss, Arne Aamodt and Matt Myers (both of JSC). The PMA-3 is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). Voss, Helms and Usachev will be staying on the ISS, replacing the Expedition I crew, Bill Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko. Along with the crew, Mission STS-102 also will be carrying the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) to the ISS. The Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module, which will have been carried to the ISS on a preceding Shuttle flight. In order to function as an attached station module as well as a cargo transport, logistics modules (there are three) also include components that provide some life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computer functions. Eventually, the modules also will carry refrigerator freezers for transporting experiment samples and food to and from the station. STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000, from Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center

  1. KSC-99pp1376

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-12-02

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-102 crew member Susan J. Helms looks over a Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3) in the Space Station Processing Facility. The PMA-3 is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). Helms is one of three who will be staying on the ISS as the Expedition II crew. The others are Yuriy Vladimirovich Usachev and James S. Voss. Along with the crew, Mission STS-102 also will be carrying the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) to the ISS. The Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module, which will have been carried to the ISS on a preceding Shuttle flight. In order to function as an attached station module as well as a cargo transport, logistics modules (there are three) also include components that provide some life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computer functions. Eventually, the modules also will carry refrigerator freezers for transporting experiment samples and food to and from the station. On the return of STS-102 to Earth, it will bring back the first crew on the station: Bill Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko. STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000, from Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center

  2. KSC-99pp1375

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-12-02

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Looking over a Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3) in the Space Station Processing Facility are Arne Aamodt, with Johnson Space Center, Yuriy Vladimirovich Usachev and Susan J. Helms. Usachev and Helms are two members of the STS-102 crew, who will be staying on the International Space Station (ISS). The third crew member is James S. Voss. They have been designated the Expedition II crew. Mission STS-102 also will be carrying the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) to the ISS. The Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module, which will have been carried to the ISS on a preceding Shuttle flight. In order to function as an attached station module as well as a cargo transport, logistics modules (there are three) also include components that provide some life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computer functions. Eventually, the modules also will carry refrigerator freezers for transporting experiment samples and food to and from the station. On the return of STS-102 to Earth, it will bring back the first crew on the station: Bill Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko. STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000, from Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center

  3. KSC-99pp1378

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-12-02

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- From a work stand in the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-102 crew members James S. Voss (left) and Yuriy Vladimirovich Usachev (right), of Russia, look over the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3). The PMA-3 is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). Voss and Usachev are two crew members who will be staying on the ISS as the Expedition II crew. The third is Susan J. Helms. Along with the crew, Mission STS-102 also will be carrying the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) to the ISS. The Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module, which will have been carried to the ISS on a preceding Shuttle flight. In order to function as an attached station module as well as a cargo transport, logistics modules (there are three) also include components that provide some life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computer functions. Eventually, the modules also will carry refrigerator freezers for transporting experiment samples and food to and from the station. On the return of STS-102 to Earth, it will bring back the first crew on the station: Bill Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko. STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000, from Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center

  4. KSC-99pp1377

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-12-02

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Members of the STS-102 crew, known as the Expedition II crew, and workers from Johnson Space Center get a close look at the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3) in the Space Station Processing Facility. The PMA-3 is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). Making up the Expedition II crew are James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms and Yuriy Vladimirovich Usachev, of Russia. Along with the crew, Mission STS-102 also will be carrying the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) to the ISS. The Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module, which will have been carried to the ISS on a preceding Shuttle flight. In order to function as an attached station module as well as a cargo transport, logistics modules (there are three) also include components that provide some life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computer functions. Eventually, the modules also will carry refrigerator freezers for transporting experiment samples and food to and from the station. On the return of STS-102 to Earth, it will bring back the first crew on the station: Bill Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko. STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000, from Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center

  5. KSC-99pp1380

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1999-12-02

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, members of the STS-102 crew pose with workers from Johnson Space Center in front of the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3), a component of the International Space Station (ISS). From left are Dave Moore (JSC), Susan J. Helms, Arne Aamodt (JSC), Yuriy Vladimirovich Usachev, Matt Myers (JSC) and James S. Voss. Voss, Helms and Usachev, known as the Expedition II crew, will be staying on the ISS, replacing the Expedition I crew, Bill Shepherd, Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko. Along with the crew, Mission STS-102 also will be carrying the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) to the ISS. The Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module, which will have been carried to the ISS on a preceding Shuttle flight. In order to function as an attached station module as well as a cargo transport, logistics modules (there are three) also include components that provide some life support, fire detection and suppression, electrical distribution and computer functions. Eventually, the modules also will carry refrigerator freezers for transporting experiment samples and food to and from the station. STS-102 is scheduled to launch no earlier than Oct. 19, 2000, from Launch Pad 39A, Kennedy Space Center

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vahala, G.; Tracy, E.

    During the past year, the authors have concentrated on (1) divertor physics, (2) thermo-lattice Boltzmann (TLBE) approach to turbulence, and (3) phase space techniques in gyro-resonance problems in collaboration with Dieter Sigmar (MIT), Sergei Krasheninnikov (MIT), Linda Vahala (ODU), Joseph Morrison (AS and M/NASA-Langley), Pavol Pavlo and Josef Preinhaelter (institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences) and Allan Kaufman (LBL/U.C.Berkeley). Using a 2-equation compressible closure model with a 2D mean flow, the authors are investigating the effects of 3D neutral turbulence on reducing the heat load to the divertor plate by various toroidal cavity geometries. These studies are beingmore » extended to examine 3D mean flows. Thermal Lattice Boltzmann (TLBE) methods are being investigated to handle 3D turbulent flows in nontrivial geometries. It is planned to couple the TLBE collisional regime to the weakly collisional regime and so be able to tackle divertor physics. In the application of phase space techniques to minority-ion RF heating, resonance heating is treated as a multi-stage process. A generalization of the Case-van Kampen analysis is presented for multi-dimensional non-uniform plasmas. Effects such as particle trapping and the ray propagation dynamics in tokamak geometry can now be handled using Weyl calculus.« less

  7. STS-114 Space Shuttle Discovery Performs Back Flip For Photography

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Launched on July 26, 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module and the External Stowage Platform-2. A major focus of the mission was the testing and evaluation of new Space Shuttle flight safety, which included new inspection and repair techniques. Upon its approach to the International Space Station (ISS), the Space Shuttle Discovery underwent a photography session in order to assess any damages that may have occurred during its launch and/or journey through Space. Discovery was over Switzerland, about 600 feet from the ISS, when Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the spacecraft as it performed a back flip to allow photography of its heat shield. Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 Commander, guided the shuttle through the flip. The photographs were analyzed by engineers on the ground to evaluate the condition of Discovery's heat shield. The crew safely returned to Earth on August 9, 2005. The mission historically marked the Return to Flight after nearly a two and one half year delay in flight after the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy in February 2003.

  8. STS-112 Flight Day 10 Highlights

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-10-01

    On Flight Day 10 of the STS-112 mission, its crew (Jeffrey Ashby, Commander; Pamela Melroy, Pilot; David Wolf, Mission Specialist; Piers Sellers, Mission Specialist; Sandra Magnus, Mission Specialist; Fyodor Yurchikhin, Mission Specialist) on the Atlantis and the Expedition 5 crew on the International Space Station (ISS) (Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer) are shown exchanging farewells in the ISS's Destiny Laboratory Module following the completion of a week-long period of docked operations. The Expedition 5 crew is nearing the end of five and a half continuous months aboard the space station. Following the closing of the hatches, the Atlantis Orbiter undocks from the station, and Melroy pilots the shuttle slowly away from the ISS, and engages in a radial fly-around of the station. During the fly-around cameras aboard Atlantis shows ISS from a number of angles. ISS cameras also show Atlantis. There are several shots of each craft with a variety of background settings including the Earth, its limb, and open space. The video concludes with a live interview of Ashby, Melroy and Yurchikhin, still aboard Atlantis, conducted by a reporter on the ground. Questions range from feelings on the conclusion of the mission to the experience of being in space. The primary goal of the mission was the installation of the Integrated Truss Structure S1 on the ISS.

  9. STS-111 Onboard Photo of Endeavour Docking With PMA-2

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS), was launched on June 5, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour. On board were the STS-111 and Expedition Five crew members. Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot, and mission specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin were the STS-111 crew members. Expedition Five crew members included Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, commander, Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Three space walks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish mission objectives: The delivery and installation of the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), an important part of the Station's Mobile Servicing System that allows the robotic arm to travel the length of the Station, which is necessary for future construction tasks; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and the task of unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo multipurpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. In this photograph, the Space Shuttle Endeavour, back dropped by the blackness of space, is docked to the pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) at the forward end of the Destiny Laboratory on the ISS. Endeavour's robotic arm is in full view as it is stretched out with the S0 (S-zero) Truss at its end.

  10. KSC-98pc1358

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-10-21

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Towering atop the mobile launcher platform and crawler transporter in the early morning light, Space Shuttle Endeavour arrives at Launch Pad 39A after rollout from the Vehicle Assembly Building. At its left are the Rotating Service Structure and the Fixed Service Structure; at the right is the 300,000-gallon water tank, part of the sound suppression water system. While at the pad, the orbiter, external tank and solid rocket boosters will undergo final preparations for the STS-88 launch targeted for Dec. 3, 1998. Mission STS-88 is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. While on orbit, the flight crew will deploy Unity from the payload bay and connect it to the Russian-built Zarya control module which will be in orbit at that time. Unity will be the main connecting point for later U.S. station modules and components. More than 40 launches are planned over five years involving the resources and expertise of 16 cooperating nations. Comprising the STS-88 crew are Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow, Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev. Ross and Newman will make three spacewalks to connect power, data and utility lines and install exterior equipment

  11. STS-111 crew on top of Launch Pad 39-A during TCDT

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities at Launch Pad 39A, the Expedition 5 and STS-111 crews pose on the 295-foot level. Standing, left to right, are Pilot Paul Lockhart, and the Expedition 5 crew Peggy Whitson, Commander Valeri Korzun and Sergei Treschev. Kneeling in front are Mission Specialist Philippe Perrin, Commander Kenneth Cockrell and Mission Specialist Franklin Chang-Diaz. Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Space Agency, and Perrin is with the French Space Agency. Seen behind the crews are the top of the orange external tank and one of the white solid rocket boosters. The TCDT includes emergency egress training at the pad and a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-111 is known as Utilization Flight 2, carrying supplies and equipment in the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo to the International Space Station. The payload also includes the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to 'inchworm' from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Expedition 5 will travel to the Station on Endeavour as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard the orbiter. Launch is scheduled for May 30, 2002.

  12. STS-111 Flight Day 8 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    On Flight Day 8 of STS-111 (Space Shuttle Endeavour crew includes: Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist; Philippe Perrin, Mission Specialist; International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 5 crew includes Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer; ISS Expedition 4 crew includes: Yury Onufrienko, Commander; Daniel Bursch, Flight Engineer; Carl Walz, Flight Engineer), the Leonardo Multi Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) is shown from the outside of the ISS. The MPLM, used to transport goods to the station for the Expedition 5 crew, and to return goods used by the Expedition 4 crew, is being loaded and unloaded by crewmembers. Live video from within the Destiny Laboratory Module shows Whitson and Chang-Diaz. They have just completed the second of three reboosts planned for this mission, in each of which the station will gain an additional statutory mile in altitude. Following this there is an interview conducted by ground-based reporters with some members from each of the three crews, answering various questions on their respective missions including sleeping in space and conducting experiments. Video of Earth and space tools precedes a second interview much like the first, but with the crews in their entirety. Topics discussed include the feelings of Bursch and Walz on their breaking the US record for continual days spent in space. The video ends with footage of the Southern California coastline.

  13. STS-112 Flight Day 10 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    On Flight Day 10 of the STS-112 mission, its crew (Jeffrey Ashby, Commander; Pamela Melroy, Pilot; David Wolf, Mission Specialist; Piers Sellers, Mission Specialist; Sandra Magnus, Mission Specialist; Fyodor Yurchikhin, Mission Specialist) on the Atlantis and the Expedition 5 crew on the International Space Station (ISS) (Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer) are shown exchanging farewells in the ISS's Destiny Laboratory Module following the completion of a week-long period of docked operations. The Expedition 5 crew is nearing the end of five and a half continuous months aboard the space station. Following the closing of the hatches, the Atlantis Orbiter undocks from the station, and Melroy pilots the shuttle slowly away from the ISS, and engages in a radial fly-around of the station. During the fly-around cameras aboard Atlantis shows ISS from a number of angles. ISS cameras also show Atlantis. There are several shots of each craft with a variety of background settings including the Earth, its limb, and open space. The video concludes with a live interview of Ashby, Melroy and Yurchikhin, still aboard Atlantis, conducted by a reporter on the ground. Questions range from feelings on the conclusion of the mission to the experience of being in space. The primary goal of the mission was the installation of the Integrated Truss Structure S1 on the ISS.

  14. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-28

    Launched on July 26, 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module and the External Stowage Platform-2. A major focus of the mission was the testing and evaluation of new Space Shuttle flight safety, which included new inspection and repair techniques. Upon its approach to the International Space Station (ISS), the Space Shuttle Discovery underwent a photography session in order to assess any damages that may have occurred during its launch and/or journey through Space. Discovery was over Switzerland, about 600 feet from the ISS, when Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the spacecraft as it performed a back flip to allow photography of its heat shield. Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 Commander, guided the shuttle through the flip. The photographs were analyzed by engineers on the ground to evaluate the condition of Discovery’s heat shield. The crew safely returned to Earth on August 9, 2005. The mission historically marked the Return to Flight after nearly a two and one half year delay in flight after the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy in February 2003.

  15. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-28

    Launched on July 26, 2005, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module and the External Stowage Platform-2. A major focus of the mission was the testing and evaluation of new Space Shuttle flight safety, which included new inspection and repair techniques. Upon its approach to the International Space Station (ISS), the Space Shuttle Discovery underwent a photography session in order to assess any damages that may have occurred during its launch and/or journey through Space. Discovery was over Switzerland, about 600 feet from the ISS, when Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the under side of the spacecraft as it performed a back flip to allow photography of its heat shield. Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 Commander, guided the shuttle through the flip. The photographs were analyzed by engineers on the ground to evaluate the condition of Discovery’s heat shield. The crew safely returned to Earth on August 9, 2005. The mission historically marked the Return to Flight after nearly a two and one half year delay in flight after the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy in February 2003.

  16. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2005-07-28

    Launched on July 26, 2005 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-114 was classified as Logistics Flight 1. Among the Station-related activities of the mission were the delivery of new supplies and the replacement of one of the orbital outpost's Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 also carried the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module and the External Stowage Platform-2. A major focus of the mission was the testing and evaluation of new Space Shuttle flight safety, which included new inspection and repair techniques. Upon its approach to the International Space Station (ISS), the Space Shuttle Discovery underwent a photography session in order to assess any damages that may have occurred during its launch and/or journey through Space. Discovery was over Switzerland, about 600 feet from the ISS, when Cosmonaut Sergei K. Kriklev, Expedition 11 Commander, and John L. Phillips, NASA Space Station officer and flight engineer photographed the under side of the spacecraft as it performed a back flip to allow photography of its heat shield. Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, STS-114 Commander, guided the shuttle through the flip. The photographs were analyzed by engineers on the ground to evaluate the condition of Discovery’s heat shield. The crew safely returned to Earth on August 9, 2005. The mission historically marked the Return to Flight after nearly a two and one half year delay in flight after the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy in February 2003.

  17. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-06-09

    The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS), was launched on June 5, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour. On board were the STS-111 and Expedition Five crew members. Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot, and mission specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin were the STS-111 crew members. Expedition Five crew members included Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, commander, Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Three space walks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish the delivery and installation of the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), an important part of the Station's Mobile Servicing System that allows the robotic arm to travel the length of the Station, which is necessary for future construction tasks; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and the task of unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo multipurpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. In this photograph, the Space Shuttle Endeavour, back dropped by the blackness of space, is docked to the pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) at the forward end of the Destiny Laboratory on the ISS. A portion of the Canadarm2 is visible on the right and Endeavour's robotic arm is in full view as it is stretched out with the S0 (S-zero) Truss at its end.

  18. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-06-09

    The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS), was launched on June 5, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour. On board were the STS-111 and Expedition Five crew members. Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot, and mission specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin were the STS-111 crew members. Expedition Five crew members included Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, commander, Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Three space walks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish mission objectives: The delivery and installation of the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), an important part of the Station's Mobile Servicing System that allows the robotic arm to travel the length of the Station, which is necessary for future construction tasks; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and the task of unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo multipurpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. In this photograph, the Space Shuttle Endeavour, back dropped by the blackness of space, is docked to the pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) at the forward end of the Destiny Laboratory on the ISS. Endeavour's robotic arm is in full view as it is stretched out with the S0 (S-zero) Truss at its end.

  19. STS-111 Flight Day 8 Highlights

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-06-01

    On Flight Day 8 of STS-111 (Space Shuttle Endeavour crew includes: Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist; Philippe Perrin, Mission Specialist; International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 5 crew includes Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer; ISS Expedition 4 crew includes: Yury Onufrienko, Commander; Daniel Bursch, Flight Engineer; Carl Walz, Flight Engineer), the Leonardo Multi Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) is shown from the outside of the ISS. The MPLM, used to transport goods to the station for the Expedition 5 crew, and to return goods used by the Expedition 4 crew, is being loaded and unloaded by crewmembers. Live video from within the Destiny Laboratory Module shows Whitson and Chang-Diaz. They have just completed the second of three reboosts planned for this mission, in each of which the station will gain an additional statutory mile in altitude. Following this there is an interview conducted by ground-based reporters with some members from each of the three crews, answering various questions on their respective missions including sleeping in space and conducting experiments. Video of Earth and space tools precedes a second interview much like the first, but with the crews in their entirety. Topics discussed include the feelings of Bursch and Walz on their breaking the US record for continual days spent in space. The video ends with footage of the Southern California coastline.

  20. KSC-02pd0705

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-05-17

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities at Launch Pad 39A, the Expedition 5 and STS-111 crews pose on the 295-foot level. Standing, left to right, are Pilot Paul Lockhart, and the Expedition 5 crew Peggy Whitson, Commander Valeri Korzun and Sergei Treschev. Kneeling in front are Mission Specialist Philippe Perrin, Commander Kenneth Cockrell and Mission Specialist Franklin Chang-Diaz. Korzun and Treschev are with the Russian Space Agency, and Perrin is with the French Space Agency. Seen behind the crews are the top of the orange external tank and one of the white solid rocket boosters. The TCDT includes emergency egress training at the pad and a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-111 is known as Utilization Flight 2, carrying supplies and equipment in the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo to the International Space Station. The payload also includes the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Expedition 5 will travel to the Station on Endeavour as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth aboard the orbiter. Launch is scheduled for May 30, 2002

  1. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-06-01

    Huddled together in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS) are the Expedition Four crew (dark blue shirts), Expedition Five crew (medium blue shirts) and the STS-111 crew (green shirts). The Expedition Four crewmembers are, from front to back, Cosmonaut Ury I. Onufrienko, mission commander; and Astronauts Daniel W. Bursch and Carl E. Waltz, flight engineers. The ISS crewmembers are, from front to back, Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, mission commander; Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, mission specialist; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot; and Philippe Perrin, mission specialist. Expedition Five crewmembers are, from front to back, Cosmonaut Valery G. Korzun, mission commander; Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. The ISS recieved a new crew, Expedition Five, replacing Expedition Four after a record-setting 196 days in space, when the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour STS-111 mission visited in June 2002. Three spacewalks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish additional mission objectives: the delivery and installation of the Mobile Base System (MBS), which is an important part of the station's Mobile Servicing System allowing the robotic arm to travel the length of the station; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the ISS, was launched on June 5, 2002 and landed June 19, 2002.

  2. Expedition Crews Four and Five and STS-111 Crew Aboard the ISS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    Huddled together in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS) are the Expedition Four crew (dark blue shirts), Expedition Five crew (medium blue shirts) and the STS-111 crew (green shirts). The Expedition Four crewmembers are, from front to back, Cosmonaut Ury I. Onufrienko, mission commander; and Astronauts Daniel W. Bursch and Carl E. Waltz, flight engineers. The ISS crewmembers are, from front to back, Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, mission commander; Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, mission specialist; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot; and Philippe Perrin, mission specialist. Expedition Five crewmembers are, from front to back, Cosmonaut Valery G. Korzun, mission commander; Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. The ISS recieved a new crew, Expedition Five, replacing Expedition Four after a record-setting 196 days in space, when the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour STS-111 mission visited in June 2002. Three spacewalks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish additional mission objectives: the delivery and installation of the Mobile Base System (MBS), which is an important part of the station's Mobile Servicing System allowing the robotic arm to travel the length of the station; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the ISS, was launched on June 5, 2002 and landed June 19, 2002.

  3. STS-111 Onboard Photo of Endeavour Docking With PMA-2

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    The STS-111 mission, the 14th Shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS), was launched on June 5, 2002 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour. On board were the STS-111 and Expedition Five crew members. Astronauts Kerneth D. Cockrell, commander; Paul S. Lockhart, pilot, and mission specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz and Philippe Perrin were the STS-111 crew members. Expedition Five crew members included Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, commander, Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson and Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, flight engineers. Three space walks enabled the STS-111 crew to accomplish the delivery and installation of the Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS), an important part of the Station's Mobile Servicing System that allows the robotic arm to travel the length of the Station, which is necessary for future construction tasks; the replacement of a wrist roll joint on the Station's robotic arm; and the task of unloading supplies and science experiments from the Leonardo multipurpose Logistics Module, which made its third trip to the orbital outpost. In this photograph, the Space Shuttle Endeavour, back dropped by the blackness of space, is docked to the pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) at the forward end of the Destiny Laboratory on the ISS. A portion of the Canadarm2 is visible on the right and Endeavour's robotic arm is in full view as it is stretched out with the S0 (S-zero) Truss at its end.

  4. KSC-98pc1360

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-10-21

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- In the cloud-dimmed light of early morning, Space Shuttle Endeavour sits in place at Launch Pad 39A , atop the mobile launcher platform and crawler transporter, after rollout from the Vehicle Assembly Building. At its left are the Rotating Service Structure and Fixed Service Structure with the orbiter access arm extended. The access arm swings out to the orbiter crew compartment hatch to allow personnel to enter the crew compartment. At its outer end is the white room, an environmental chamber, that mates with the orbiter. While at the pad, the orbiter, external tank and solid rocket boosters will undergo final preparations for the STS-88 launch targeted for Dec. 3, 1998. Mission STS-88 is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. While on orbit, the flight crew will deploy Unity from the payload bay and connect it to the Russian-built Zarya control module which will be in orbit at that time. Unity will be the main connecting point for later U.S. station modules and components. More than 40 launches are planned over five years involving the resources and expertise of 16 cooperating nations. Comprising the STS-88 crew are Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow, Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross, James H. Newman and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev. Ross and Newman will make three spacewalks to connect power, data and utility lines and install exterior equipment

  5. STS-113 Post Flight Presentation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-01-01

    The STS-113 post-flight presentation begins with a view of Mission Specialists Michael E. Lopez-Alegria and John B. Herrington getting suited for the space mission. The STS-113 crew consists of: Commander James D. Wetherbee, Pilot Paul Lockhart, Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington. Cosmonauts Valery Korzun, and Sergei Treschev, and astronaut Peggy Whitson who are all members of the expedition five crew, and Commander Kenneth Bowersox, Flight Engineers Nikolai Budarin and Donald Pettit, members of Expedition Six. The main goal of this mission is to take Expedition Six up to the International Space Station and Return Expedition Five to the Earth. The second objective is to install the P(1) Truss segment. Three hours prior to launch, the crew of Expedition Six along with James Wetherbee, Paul Lockhart, Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington are shown walking to an astrovan, which takes them to the launch pad. The actual liftoff is presented. Three Extravehicular Activities (EVA)'s are performed on this mission. Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington are shown performing EVA 1 and EVA 2 which include making connections between the P1 and S(0) Truss segments, and installing fluid jumpers. A panoramic view of the ISS with the Earth in the background is shown. The grand ceremony of the crew exchange is presented. The astronauts performing everyday duties such as brushing teeth, washing hair, sleeping, and eating pistachio nuts are shown. The actual landing of the Space Shuttle is presented.

  6. KSC-02pd1866

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2002-12-07

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Mrs. Daniel R. Mulville shakes hands with Kent V. Rominger, Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations, on the runway of the Shuttle Landing Facility following the landing of Endeavour. Mrs. Mulville is the wife of Dr. Daniel R. Mulville, NASA Associate Deputy Administrator. In the group, from left are KSC Director Roy D. Bridges; Mrs. Mulville; Dr. Mulville (back to camera); James D. Halsell Jr., Manager of Launch Integration at KSC, Space Shuttle Program; Rominger; and STS-113 Commander James Wetherbee. Commander Wetherbee earlier guided Space Shuttle Endeavour to a flawless touchdown on runway 33 at the Shuttle Landing Facility after completing the 13-day, 18-hour, 48-minute, 5.74-million mile STS-113 mission to the International Space Station. Main gear touchdown was at 2:37:12 p.m. EST, nose gear touchdown was at 2:37:23 p.m., and wheel stop was at 2:38:25 p.m. Poor weather conditions thwarted landing opportunities until a fourth day, the first time in Shuttle program history that a landing has been waved off for three consecutive days. The orbiter also carried the other members of the STS-113 crew, Pilot Paul Lockhart and Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington, as well as the returning Expedition Five crew, Commander Valeri Korzun, ISS Science Officer Peggy Whitson and Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev. The installation of the P1 truss on the International Space Station was accomplished during the mission.

  7. STS-111 Flight Day 7 Highlights

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    On Flight Day 7 of STS-111 (Space Shuttle Endeavour crew includes: Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist; Philippe Perrin, Mission Specialist; International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 5 crew includes Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer; ISS Expedition 4 crew includes: Yury Onufrienko, Commander; Daniel Bursch, Flight Engineer; Carl Walz, Flight Engineer), this video opens with answers to questions asked by the public via e-mail about the altitude of the space station, the length of its orbit, how astronauts differentiate between up and down in the microgravity environment, and whether they hear wind noise during the shuttle's reentry. In video footage shot from inside the Quest airlock, Perrin is shown exiting the station to perform an extravehicular activity (EVA) with Chang-Diaz. Chang-Diaz is shown, in helmet mounted camera footage, attaching cable protection booties to a fish-stringer device with multiple hooks, and Perrin is seen loosening bolts that hold the replacement unit accomodation in launch position atop the Mobile Base System (MBS). Perrin then mounts a camera atop the mast of the MBS. During this EVA, the astronauts installed the MBS on the Mobile Transporter (MT) to support the Canadarm 2 robotic arm. A camera in the Endeavour's payload bay provides footage of the Pacific Ocean, the Baja Peninsula, and Midwestern United States. Plumes from wildfires in Nevada, Idaho, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and Montana are visible. The station continues over the Great Lakes and the Eastern Provinces of Canada.

  8. STS-111 Flight Day 7 Highlights

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-06-01

    On Flight Day 7 of STS-111 (Space Shuttle Endeavour crew includes: Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist; Philippe Perrin, Mission Specialist; International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 5 crew includes Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer; ISS Expedition 4 crew includes: Yury Onufrienko, Commander; Daniel Bursch, Flight Engineer; Carl Walz, Flight Engineer), this video opens with answers to questions asked by the public via e-mail about the altitude of the space station, the length of its orbit, how astronauts differentiate between up and down in the microgravity environment, and whether they hear wind noise during the shuttle's reentry. In video footage shot from inside the Quest airlock, Perrin is shown exiting the station to perform an extravehicular activity (EVA) with Chang-Diaz. Chang-Diaz is shown, in helmet mounted camera footage, attaching cable protection booties to a fish-stringer device with multiple hooks, and Perrin is seen loosening bolts that hold the replacement unit accomodation in launch position atop the Mobile Base System (MBS). Perrin then mounts a camera atop the mast of the MBS. During this EVA, the astronauts installed the MBS on the Mobile Transporter (MT) to support the Canadarm 2 robotic arm. A camera in the Endeavour's payload bay provides footage of the Pacific Ocean, the Baja Peninsula, and Midwestern United States. Plumes from wildfires in Nevada, Idaho, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and Montana are visible. The station continues over the Great Lakes and the Eastern Provinces of Canada.

  9. Phase diagram of the itinerant helical magnet MnSi at high pressures and strong magnetic fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stishov, Sergei

    We performed a series of resistivity, heat capacity and ultrasound speed measurements of a MnSi single crystal at high pressures and strong magnetic fields [1-3]. Two notable features of the phase transition in MnSi that disappear on pressure increasin are a sharp peak marking the first order phase transition and a shallow maximum, situated slightly above the critical temperature and pointing to the domain of prominent helical fluctuations. The longitudinal and transverse ultrasound speeds and attenuation were measured in a MnSi single crystal in the temperature range of 2-40 K and magnetic fields to 7 Tesla. The magnetic phase transition in MnSi in zero magnetic field is signified by a quasi-discontinuity in the c11 elastic constant, which almost vanishes at the skyrmion - paramagnetic transition at high magnetic fields. The powerful fluctuations at the minima of c11 make the mentioned crossing point of the minima and the phase transition lines similar to a critical end point, where a second order phase transition meets a first order one.

  10. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2000-12-07

    In this image, the five STS-97 crew members pose with the 3 members of the Expedition One crew onboard the International Space Station (ISS) for the first ever traditional onboard portrait taken in the Zvezda Service Module. On the front row, left to right, are astronauts Brent W. Jett, Jr., STS-97 commander; William M. Shepherd, Expedition One mission commander; and Joseph R. Tarner, STS-97 mission specialist. On the second row, from the left are Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer; astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, STS-97 mission specialist; cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition One Soyuz commander; and Michael J. Bloomfield, STS-97 pilot. Behind them is astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The primary objective of the STS-97 mission was the delivery, assembly, and activation of the U.S. electrical power system onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The electrical power system, which is built into a 73-meter (240-foot) long solar array structure consists of solar arrays, radiators, batteries, and electronics. The entire 15.4-metric ton (17-ton) package is called the P6 Integrated Truss Segment, and is the heaviest and largest element yet delivered to the station aboard a space shuttle. The electrical system will eventually provide the power necessary for the first ISS crews to live and work in the U.S. segment. The STS-97 crew of five launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavor on November 30, 2000 for an 11 day mission.

  11. International Space Station (ISS)

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2001-02-01

    These 10 astronauts and cosmonauts represent the base STS-102 space travelers, as well as the crew members for the station crews switching out turns aboard the outpost. Those astronauts wearing orange represent the STS-102 crew members. In the top photo, from left to right are: James M. Kelly, pilot; Andrew S.W. Thomas, mission specialist; James D. Wetherbee, commander; and Paul W. Richards, mission specialist. The group pictured in the lower right portion of the portrait are STS-members as well as Expedition Two crew members (from left): mission specialist and flight engineer James S. Voss; cosmonaut Yury V. Usachev, Expedition Two Commander; and mission specialist and flight engineer Susan Helms. The lower left inset are the 3 man crew of Expedition One (pictured from left): Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, flight engineer; astronaut William M. (Bill) Shepherd, commander; and cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Soyuz commander. The main objective of the STS-102 mission was the first Expedition Crew rotation and the primary cargo was the Leonardo, the Italian Space Agency-built Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM). The Leonardo MPLM is the first of three such pressurized modules that will serve as the International Space Station's (ISS') moving vans, carrying laboratory racks filled with equipment, experiments, and supplies to and from the Station aboard the Space Shuttle. NASA's 103rd overall mission and the 8th Space Station Assembly Flight, STS-102 mission launched on March 8, 2001 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Discovery.

  12. Cyanate as energy source for nitrifiers

    PubMed Central

    Palatinszky, Marton; Herbold, Craig; Jehmlich, Nico; Pogoda, Mario; Han, Ping; von Bergen, Martin; Lagkouvardos, Ilias; Karst, Søren M.; Galushko, Alexander; Koch, Hanna; Berry, David; Daims, Holger; Wagner, Michael

    2015-01-01

    Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers are collectively responsible for the aerobic oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate and play essential roles for the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. The physiology of these nitrifying microbes has been intensively studied since the first experiments of Sergei Winogradsky more than a century ago. Urea and ammonia are the only recognized energy sources that promote the aerobic growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. Here we report the aerobic growth of a pure culture of the ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeote Nitrososphaera gargensis1 on cyanate as the sole source of energy and reductant, the first organism known to do so. Cyanate, which is a potentially important source of reduced nitrogen in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems2, is converted to ammonium and CO2 by this archaeon using a cyanase that is induced upon addition of this compound. Within the cyanase gene family, this cyanase is a member of a distinct clade that also contains cyanases of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrospira. We demonstrate by co-culture experiments that these nitrite-oxidizers supply ammonia-oxidizers lacking cyanase with ammonium from cyanate, which is fully nitrified by this consortium through reciprocal feeding. Screening of a comprehensive set of more than 3,000 publically available metagenomes from environmental samples revealed that cyanase-encoding genes clustering with the cyanases of these nitrifiers are widespread in the environment. Our results demonstrate an unexpected metabolic versatility of nitrifying microbes and suggest a previously unrecognized importance of cyanate for N-cycling in the environment. PMID:26222031

  13. Sentinel-1 Constellation for nationwide deformation mapping with InSAR -- From science to operations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dehls, John; Larsen, Yngvar; Marinkovic, Petar

    2016-04-01

    For more than a decade, InSAR has been used in Norway study landslides and subsidence. Initial studies concentrated on understanding and validating the technique in various settings. During the last five years, however, we have moved towards using InSAR in operational settings. Of all the challenges we have faced, the largest has been regular access to SAR imagery. The Sentinel-1 constellation will bring a paradigm shift to the field with its operational characteristics: mission configuration, acquisition planning, and data distribution policy. For the first time, we will have nationwide acquisitions with an unprecedented temporal spacing. By the end of this year, we will have a sufficiently long time series of data to produce an initial version of a national deformation map. Within the ESA SEOM InSARap project, we have developed the necessary updates of interferometric processing tools necessary to handle the novel TOPS mode, and successfully demonstrated the performance of S1 InSAR in a number of scientific applications. However, to fully exploit the key advantages of the Sentinel-1 mission, we still face a number of scientific and operational challenges, due to the new and unique characteristics of the mission. Specifically, the large coverage and dense temporal sampling results in very large data sets with a vastly increased information content, which still needs new algorithmic development to extract. In the context of national mapping, optimal harmonization of deformation maps based on overlapping individual S1 stacks is the most prominent challenge. Urban areas in Norway face much the same problems as many other cities throughout the world; subsidence due to soil compaction and groundwater changes or excavation, and resulting damage to infrastructure. More unique to Norway is the threat to lives caused by large unstable rock slopes along the steep fjords. In the 20th century alone, catastrophic rock slope failures leading to tsunamis in fjords and large lakes, caused the deaths of nearly 200 people. Each of these failures was preceded by years of slow deformation. Through systematic mapping, including the use of InSAR, we have now identified more than 70 unstable rock slopes that are deforming and have the potential to collapse. In order to meet the needs of the local communities living under the threat of these landslides, as well as the urban areas dealing with subsidence problems, we are developing an automatically updated, nationwide InSAR service based upon the Sentinel-1 constellation. The proposed map product will be periodically updated and will be of a different resolution for urban and non-urban areas. Deformation data will be fed directly into the decision-support tools of various local, regional and national authorities via appropriate web GIS protocols. The data will also be made available to the public via a web map interface with simple tools to query and visualize the information.

  14. STS-111 Flight Day 5 Highlights

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-06-01

    On Flight Day 5 of STS-111, the crew of Endeavour (Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist; Philippe Perrin, Mission Specialist) and the Expedition 5 crew (Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer) and Expedition 4 crew (Yury Onufrienko, Commander; Daniel Bursch, Flight Engineer; Carl Walz, Flight Engineer) are aboard the docked Endeavour and International Space Station (ISS). The ISS cameras show the station in orbit above the North African coast and the Mediterranean Sea, as Chang-Diaz and Perrin prepare for an EVA (extravehicular activity). The Canadarm 2 robotic arm is shown in motion in a wide-angle shot. The Quest Airlock is shown as it opens to allow the astronauts to exit the station. As orbital sunrise approaches, the astronauts are shown already engaged in their EVA activities. Chang-Diaz is shown removing the PDGF (Power and Data Grapple Fixture) from Endeavour's payload bay as Perrin prepares its installation position in the ISS's P6 truss structure; The MPLM is also visible. Following the successful detachment of the PDGF, Chang-Diaz carries it to the installation site as he is transported there by the robotic arm. The astronauts are then shown installing the PDGF, with video provided by helmet-mounted cameras. Following this task, the astronauts are shown preparing the MBS (Mobile Base System) for grappling by the robotic arm. It will be mounted to the Mobile Transporter (MT), which will traverse a railroad-like system along the truss structures of the ISS, and support astronaut activities as well as provide an eventual mobile base for the robotic arm.

  15. STS-97 and Expedition One Crews Pose for Onboard Photo

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2000-01-01

    In this image, the five STS-97 crew members pose with the 3 members of the Expedition One crew onboard the International Space Station (ISS) for the first ever traditional onboard portrait taken in the Zvezda Service Module. On the front row, left to right, are astronauts Brent W. Jett, Jr., STS-97 commander; William M. Shepherd, Expedition One mission commander; and Joseph R. Tarner, STS-97 mission specialist. On the second row, from the left are Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer; astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, STS-97 mission specialist; cosmonaut Yuri P. Gidzenko, Expedition One Soyuz commander; and Michael J. Bloomfield, STS-97 pilot. Behind them is astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The primary objective of the STS-97 mission was the delivery, assembly, and activation of the U.S. electrical power system onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The electrical power system, which is built into a 73-meter (240-foot) long solar array structure consists of solar arrays, radiators, batteries, and electronics. The entire 15.4-metric ton (17-ton) package is called the P6 Integrated Truss Segment, and is the heaviest and largest element yet delivered to the station aboard a space shuttle. The electrical system will eventually provide the power necessary for the first ISS crews to live and work in the U.S. segment. The STS-97 crew of five launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavor on November 30, 2000 for an 11 day mission.

  16. [Neurosciences and the ravings of the Soviet era. Spanish Republican physicians, a set of privileged witnesses].

    PubMed

    Marco-Igual, Miguel

    2011-08-16

    This study analyses the links between the Russian and Soviet neurosciences and their Spanish counterpart, especially with regard to the experiences of the Spanish Republican physicians exiled in the USSR. The Russian neurosciences, which date back to the second half of the 19th century, followed a path that ran parallel to the discipline throughout the rest of Europe and finally displayed signs of being influenced by the German and French schools. Important figures include Alexei Kojevnikov and Vladimir Bekhterev in neurology, Sergei Korsakov in psychiatry, Ivan Pavlov and his disciple Piotr Anojin in neurophysiology, Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria in neuropsychology, and Nikolai Burdenko in neurosurgery. When the Bolsheviks came to power, they brought with them a progressive conception of health care, which was modified during the Stalinist era to serve political interests, above all in the case of psychiatry. During the first third of the 20th century, Spanish scientists became interested in Pavlov's reflexology and the Soviets took a similar interest in Spanish histology. Among the 4500 Spanish Republicans who emigrated to the USSR because of the Spanish Civil War, there were several dozen physicians who were privileged witnesses of the madness that shook the science and the health care of that period. Relevant names worth citing here from the field of the neurosciences include Juan Planelles and Ramon Alvarez-Buylla in neurophysiology, Federico Pascual and Florencio Villa Landa in psychiatry, Angel Escobio and Maria Perez in neurology, Julian Fuster in neurosurgery and Manuel Arce in neuroimaging. © 2011 Revista de Neurología

  17. List of participants at SIDE IV meeting, Tokyo, 27 November--1 December 2000

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2001-12-01

    Mark J Ablowitz, Vsevolod Adler, Mark Alber, Said Belmehdi, Marco Boiti, Claude Brezinski, R Bullough, Y M Chiang, Theodore Chihara, Peter A Clarkson, Robert Conte, Adam Doliwa, Vladimir Dorodnitsyn, Mitsuaki Eguchi, Claire Gilson, Basil Grammaticos, Valeri Gromak, Rod Halburd, Koji Hasegawa, Jarmo Hietarinta, Ryogo Hirota, Xing Biao Hu, M Idzumi, J Inoguchi, Hiroya Ishikara, Mourad Ismail, Shin Isojima, Kenichi Ito, Yoshiaki Itoh, Masashi Iwasaki, Klara Janglajew, Michio Jimbo, Nalini Joshi, Kenji Kajiwara, Saburo Kakei, Masaru Kamata, Satoshi Kamei, Rinat Kashaev, Shingo Kawai, Taeko Kimijima, K Kimura, Anatol Kirillov, Koichi Kondo, Boris Konopelchenko, Martin Kruskal, Atsuo Kuniba, Wataru Kunishima, Franklin Lambert, Serguei Leble, Decio Levi, Shigeru Maeda, Manuel Manas, Ken-Ichi Maruno, Tetsu Masuda, J Matsukidaira, Atsushi Matsumiya, Shigeki Matsutani, Yukitaka Minesaki, Mikio Murata, Micheline Musette, Atsushi Nagai, Katsuya Nakagawa, Atsushi Nakamula, Akira Nakamura, Yoshimasa Nakamura, Frank Nijhoff, J J C Nimmo, Katsuhiro Nishinari, Michitomo Nishizawa, A Nobe, Masatoshi Noumi, Yaeko Ohsaki, Yasuhiro Ohta, Kazuo Okamoto, Alexandre Orlov, Naoki Osada, Flora Pempinelli, Spiro Pyrlis, Reinout Quispel, Orlando Ragnisco, Alfred Ramani, Jean-Pierre Ramis, Andreas Ruffing, Simon Ruijsenaars, Satoru Saito, Noriko Saitoh, Hidetaka Sakai, Paulo Santini, Narimasa Sasa, Ryu Sasaki, Yoshikatsu Sasaki, Junkichi Satsuma, Sergei Sergeev, Nobuhiko Shinzawa, Evgueni Sklyanin, Juris Suris, Norio Suzuki, Yukiko Tagami, Katsuaki Takahashi, Daisuke Takahashi, Tomoyuki Takenawa, Yoshiro Takeyama, K M Tamizhmani, T Tamizhmani, Kouichi Toda, Morikatsu Toda, Tetsuji Tokihiro, Takayuki Tsuchida, Yohei Tsuchiya, Teruhisa Tsuda, Satoru Tsujimoto, Walter Van Assche, Claude Viallet, Luc Vinet, Shinsuke Watanabe, Yoshihida Watanabe, Ralph Willox, Pavel Winternitz, Yasuhiko Yamada, Yuji Yamada, Jin Yoneda, Haruo Yoshida, Katsuhiko Yoshida, Daisuke Yoshihara, Fumitaka Yura, J Zagrodzinski, Alexei Zhedanov

  18. STS-111 Mission Highlights Resource Tape. Part 1 of 4; Flight Days 1 - 4

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2002-01-01

    This video, Part 1 of 4, shows the activities of the STS-111 crew (Kenneth Cockrell, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Franklin Chang-Diaz, Phillipe Perrin, Mission Specialists) during flight days 1 through 4. Also shown are the incoming Expedition 5 (Valeri Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, NASA ISS Science Officer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer) and outgoing Expedition 4 (Yuri Onufriyenko, Commander; Carl Walz, Daniel Bursch, Flight Engineers) crews of the ISS (International Space Station). The activities from other flight days can be seen on 'STS-111 Mission Highlights Resource Tape' Part 2 of 4 (internal ID 2002139469), 'STS-111 Mission Highlights Resource Tape' Part 3 of 4 (internal ID 2002139468), and 'STS-111 Mission Highlights Resource Tape' Part 4 of 4 (internal ID 2002139474). The primary activity of flight day 1 is the launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour. The crew is seen before the launch at a meal and suit-up, and some pre-flight procedures are shown. Perrin holds a sign with a personalized message. The astronauts communicate with Mission Control extensively after launch, and an inside view of the shuttle cabin is shown. The replays of the launch include close-ups of the nozzles at liftoff, and the fall of the solid rocket boosters and the external fuel tank. Flight day 2 shows footage of mainland Asia at night, and daytime views of the eastern United States and Lake Michigan. Flight day three shows the Endeavour orbiter approaching and docking with the ISS. After the night docking, the crews exchange greetings, and a view of the Nile river and Egypt at night is shown. On flight day 4, the MPLM (Multi-Purpose Logistics Module) Leonardo was temporarily transferred from Endeavour's payload bay to the ISS.

  19. STS-102 Photo-op/Suit-up/Depart O&C/Launch Discovery On Orbit/Landing/Crew Egress

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2001-01-01

    The spacecrews of STS-102 and the Expedition 1 and 2 crews of the International Space Station (ISS) are seen in this video, which presents an overview of their activities. The crew consists of Commander Jim Wetherbee, Pilot James Kelly, and Mission Specialists Andrew Thomas, and Paul Richards. The sections of the video include: Photo-op, Suit-up, Depart O&C, Ingress, Launch with Playbacks, On-orbit, Landing with Playbacks, and Crew Egress & Departs. The prelaunch activities are explained by two narrators, and the crew members are assisted in the White Room just before boarding the Space Shuttle Discovery. Isolated views of the shuttle's launch include: VAB, PAD-B, DLTR-3, UCS-23 Tracker, PATRICK IGOR, UCS-10 Tracker, Grandstand, Tower-1, OTV-160, OTV-170, OTV-171, and On-board Camera. The video shows two extravehicular activities (EVAs) to perform work on the ISS, one by astronauts Helms and Voss from Expedition 2, and another by Richards and Thomas. The attachment of the Leonardo Multipurpose Logistics Module, a temporary resupply module, is shown in a series of still images. The on-orbit footage also includes a view of the Nile River, and a crew exhange ceremony between Expedition 1 (Commander Yuri Gidzenko, Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev) and Expedition 2 (Commander Yury Usachev, Flight Engineers James Voss, Susan Helms). Isolated views of the landing at Kennedy Space Center include: North Runway Camera, VAB, Tower-1, Mid-field, Midfield IR, Tower-2, and UCS-12 IR. The Crew Transfer Vehicle (CTV) for unloading the astronauts is shown, administrators greet the crew upon landing, and Commander Wetherbee gives a briefing.

  20. Disasters, Scientists and Society: The Quest for Wisdom (Sergey Soloviev Medal Lecture)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Okal, Emile A.

    2013-04-01

    The horror which accompanied the significant natural disasters of the past decade (major earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes...), many of which exposing inadequate preparation and/or response, has revived our quest for improved mitigation, or in simple words, enhanced wisdom, to confront natural hazards, both in scientific and societal terms. The Sumatra and Tohoku megathrust earthquakes have led to the abandonment of the once-popular concept of a "maximum" earthquake predictable on the basis of simple tectonic parameters and the latter has dealt a serious blow to seismic scaling laws which had been the cornerstone of probabilistic hazard estimations. Similarly, large hurricanes such as Katrina and Sandy have featured a significant diversity poorly captured by the single concept of "category". On the other hand, substantial theoretical progress has been made with the development of real-time tsunami warning algorithms based on the seismic W phase. An examination of mitigation aspects and operational procedures during the recent disasters exposes very significant shortcomings in the relationship between Scientists and decision-makers. We will review fields as diverse as the proper evaluation of historical databases, the correct real-time assessment of major earthquakes, the adequate timing of an all-clear, and the role, rights and duties of hazard scientists in their interaction with Society. As the ultimate goal of mitigation, warning and evacuation from many disasters remains the saving of human lives, many recent stories having emphasized the value of education, which casts a substantial ray of hope and enlightenment in the never-ending pursuit of wisdom in the face of future disasters, a noble endeavor to which Sergei Leonidovich Solov'ev had dedicated his life.

  1. PREFACE: Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics 2010

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stolin, A.; Abramov, V.; Fuchs, J.; Paal, E.; Shestopalov, Y.; Silvestrov, S.

    2012-02-01

    This proceedings volume presents results obtained by the participants of the 6th Baltic-Nordic workshop 'Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics (AGMP-6)' held at the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences in Tjärnö, Sweden on October 25-30, 2010. The Baltic-Nordic Network AGMP 'Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics' http://www.agmp.eu was created in 2005 on the initiative of two Estonian universities and two Swedish universities: Tallinn University of Technology represented by Eugen Paal (coordinator of the network), Tartu University represented by Viktor Abramov, Lund University represented by Sergei Silvestrov, and Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg represented by Alexander Stolin. The goal was to promote international and interdisciplinary cooperation between scientists and research groups in the countries of the Baltic-Nordic region in mathematics and mathematical physics, with special emphasis on the important role played by algebra and geometry in modern physics, engineering and technologies. The main activities of the AGMP network consist of a series of regular annual international workshops, conferences and research schools. The AGMP network also constitutes an important educational forum for scientific exchange and dissimilation of research results for PhD students and Postdocs. The network has expanded since its creation, and nowadays its activities extend beyond countries in the Baltic-Nordic region to universities in other European countries and participants from elsewhere in the world. As one of the important research-dissimilation outcomes of its activities, the network has a tradition of producing high-quality research proceedings volumes after network events, publishing them with various international publishers. The PDF also contains the following: List of AGMP workshops and other AGMP activities Main topics discussed at AGMP-6 Review of AGMP-6 proceedings Acknowledgments List of Conference Participants

  2. STS-112 Flight Day 4 Highlights

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2002-10-01

    On the fourth day of STS-112, its crew (Jeffrey Ashby, Commander; Pamela Melroy, Pilot; David Wolf, Mission Specialist; Piers Sellers, Mission Specialist; Sandra Magnus, Mission Specialist; Fyodor Yurchikhin, Mission Specialist) onboard Atlantis and the Expedition 5 crew (Valery Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitson, Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) are seen preparing for the installation of the S1 truss structure. Inside the Destiny Laboratory Module, Korzun and other crewmembers are seen as they busily prepare for the work of the day. Sellers dons an oxygen mask and uses an exercise machine in order to purge the nitrogen from his bloodstream, in preparation for an extravehicular activity (EVA). Whitson uses the ISS's Canadarm 2 robotic arm to grapple the S1 truss and remove it from Atlantis' payload bay, with the assistance of Magnus. Using the robotic arm, Whitson slowly maneuvers the 15 ton truss structure into alignment with its attachment point on the starboard side of the S0 truss structure, where the carefully orchestrated mating procedures take place. There is video footage of the entire truss being rotated and positioned by the arm, and ammonia tank assembly on the structure is visible, with Earth in the background. Following the completion of the second stage capture, the robotic arm is ungrappled from truss. Sellers and Wolf are shown exiting the the Quest airlock hatch to begin their EVA. They are shown performing a variety of tasks on the now attached S1 truss structure, including work on the Crew Equipment Translation Cart (CETA), the S-band Antenna Assembly, and umbilical cables that provide power and remote operation capability to cameras. During their EVA, they are shown using a foot platform on the robotic arm. Significant portions of their activities are shown from the vantage of helmet mounted video cameras. The video closes with a final shot of the ISS and its new S1 truss.

  3. STS-114: Multi-Cut Profiles and Mission Overviews

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    Profiles of the seven crewmembers of the STS-114 Discovery are shown. Eileen Collins, Commander, talks about her fascination with flying as a young child and her eagerness to have someone teach her to fly at age 19. Her eagerness and hard work earned her a master's in operations research from Stanford University in 1986 and a master's in space systems management from Webster University in 1989. Jim Kelly, Pilot, talks about his desire to become an astronaut at a very young age. Charles Camarda, Mission Specialist, always wanted to become an astronaut and earned a Bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1974, a Master's in engineering Science from George Washington University in 1980 and a doctorate in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1990. Wendy Lawrence, Mission Specialist decided that she wanted to become an astronaut when she saw the first man to walk on the moon. Soichi Noguchi, Mission Specialist from JAXA expresses that people like scientists, doctors and engineers could fly and he also wanted to venture into spaceflight. Steve Robinson, Mission Specialist says that he was fascinated with things that flew as a child and wanted to make things fly. Australian born Andrew Thomas, Mission Specialist wanted to become an astronaut as a young boy but never realized that he would fulfill his dream. The crewmember profiles end with an overview of the STS-114 Discovery mission. Paul Hill, Lead Flight Director talks about the main goal of the STS-114 mission which is to demonstrate that changes to the Orbiter and flight procedures are good and the second goal is to finish construction of the International Space Station. Sergei Krikalev, Commander talks about increasing the capability of the International Space Station, Jim Kelly discusses the work that is being performed in the external tank, Andy Thomas talks about procedures done to stop foam release and Soichi Noguchi discusses his duty to film the external tank after separation.

  4. On the need for widespread horizontal gene transfers under genome size constraint.

    PubMed

    Isambert, Hervé; Stein, Richard R

    2009-08-25

    While eukaryotes primarily evolve by duplication-divergence expansion (and reduction) of their own gene repertoire with only rare horizontal gene transfers, prokaryotes appear to evolve under both gene duplications and widespread horizontal gene transfers over long evolutionary time scales. But, the evolutionary origin of this striking difference in the importance of horizontal gene transfers remains by and large a mystery. We propose that the abundance of horizontal gene transfers in free-living prokaryotes is a simple but necessary consequence of two opposite effects: i) their apparent genome size constraint compared to typical eukaryote genomes and ii) their underlying genome expansion dynamics through gene duplication-divergence evolution, as demonstrated by the presence of many tandem and block repeated genes. In principle, this combination of genome size constraint and underlying duplication expansion should lead to a coalescent-like process with extensive turnover of functional genes. This would, however, imply the unlikely, systematic reinvention of functions from discarded genes within independent phylogenetic lineages. Instead, we propose that the long-term evolutionary adaptation of free-living prokaryotes must have resulted in the emergence of efficient non-phylogenetic pathways to circumvent gene loss. This need for widespread horizontal gene transfers due to genome size constraint implies, in particular, that prokaryotes must remain under strong selection pressure in order to maintain the long-term evolutionary adaptation of their "mutualized" gene pool, beyond the inevitable turnover of individual prokaryote species. By contrast, the absence of genome size constraint for typical eukaryotes has presumably relaxed their need for widespread horizontal gene transfers and strong selection pressure. Yet, the resulting loss of genetic functions, due to weak selection pressure and inefficient gene recovery mechanisms, must have ultimately favored the emergence of more complex life styles and ecological integration of many eukaryotes. This article was reviewed by Pierre Pontarotti, Eugene V Koonin and Sergei Maslov.

  5. PEPSI-Dock: a detailed data-driven protein-protein interaction potential accelerated by polar Fourier correlation.

    PubMed

    Neveu, Emilie; Ritchie, David W; Popov, Petr; Grudinin, Sergei

    2016-09-01

    Docking prediction algorithms aim to find the native conformation of a complex of proteins from knowledge of their unbound structures. They rely on a combination of sampling and scoring methods, adapted to different scales. Polynomial Expansion of Protein Structures and Interactions for Docking (PEPSI-Dock) improves the accuracy of the first stage of the docking pipeline, which will sharpen up the final predictions. Indeed, PEPSI-Dock benefits from the precision of a very detailed data-driven model of the binding free energy used with a global and exhaustive rigid-body search space. As well as being accurate, our computations are among the fastest by virtue of the sparse representation of the pre-computed potentials and FFT-accelerated sampling techniques. Overall, this is the first demonstration of a FFT-accelerated docking method coupled with an arbitrary-shaped distance-dependent interaction potential. First, we present a novel learning process to compute data-driven distant-dependent pairwise potentials, adapted from our previous method used for rescoring of putative protein-protein binding poses. The potential coefficients are learned by combining machine-learning techniques with physically interpretable descriptors. Then, we describe the integration of the deduced potentials into a FFT-accelerated spherical sampling provided by the Hex library. Overall, on a training set of 163 heterodimers, PEPSI-Dock achieves a success rate of 91% mid-quality predictions in the top-10 solutions. On a subset of the protein docking benchmark v5, it achieves 44.4% mid-quality predictions in the top-10 solutions when starting from bound structures and 20.5% when starting from unbound structures. The method runs in 5-15 min on a modern laptop and can easily be extended to other types of interactions. https://team.inria.fr/nano-d/software/PEPSI-Dock sergei.grudinin@inria.fr. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  6. Invariance and optimality in the regulation of an enzyme

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background The Michaelis-Menten equation, proposed a century ago, describes the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions. Since then, this equation has been used in countless, increasingly complex models of cellular metabolism, often including time-dependent enzyme levels. However, even for a single reaction, there remains a fundamental disconnect between our understanding of the reaction kinetics, and the regulation of that reaction through changes in the abundance of active enzyme. Results We revisit the Michaelis-Menten equation under the assumption of a time-dependent enzyme concentration. We show that all temporal enzyme profiles with the same average enzyme level yield identical substrate degradation– a simple analytical conclusion that can be thought of as an invariance principle, and which we validate experimentally using a β-galactosidase assay. The ensemble of all time-dependent enzyme trajectories with the same average concentration constitutes a space of functions. We develop a simple model of biological fitness which assigns a cost to each of these trajectories (in the form of a function of functions, i.e. a functional). We then show how one can use variational calculus to analytically infer temporal enzyme profiles that minimize the overall enzyme cost. In particular, by separately treating the static costs of amino acid sequestration and the dynamic costs of protein production, we identify a fundamental cellular tradeoff. Conclusions The overall metabolic outcome of a reaction described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics is ultimately determined by the average concentration of the enzyme during a given time interval. This invariance in analogy to path-independent phenomena in physics, suggests a new way in which variational calculus can be employed to address biological questions. Together, our results point to possible avenues for a unified approach to studying metabolism and its regulation. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Sergei Maslov, William Hlavacek and Daniel Kahn. PMID:23522082

  7. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Henry Norris Russell Lecture: Fifty Years of Novae

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burbidge, E. M.

    1999-05-01

    It is easy to pick out my most memorable meeting of the AAS: the 149th meeting held in January, 1977, and hosted by the University of Hawaii, in Honolulu, HI. It was the meeting at which two traditions of the Society were broken, and we moved into the era of equal opportunity for women astronomers. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin received the highest award of the AAS: the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship. This award had never before been available to women, otherwise Cecilia would, years earlier, have been honored for the many achievements in her lifetime of renowned astronomical research. And I, the first woman to be elected President of the AAS, had the honor of presenting the illuminated scroll to Cecilia, and of introducing her on the platform where she delivered the Henry Norris Russell Prize Lecture, entitled ``Fifty Years of Novae"(1) . Cecilia opened by comparing the experience of young and old scientists in achieving exciting results from their research, and then led us through the history of the discoveries of and about some famous novae. She described the physical picture that emerged from studies of their light curves, their spectra, and the discovery of their binary nature. Three important tables were included, listing data on cataclysmic binaries (dwarf novae) and their link to the nova phenomenon in general. She recalled that she and Sergei Gaposchkin had hesitated between the names catastrophic and cataclysmic for the dwarf novae, and decided on the latter, from the dictionary definitions of those two terms: ``a cataclysm is a great and general flood" while a catastrophe ``is a final event". The nova phenomenon is recurrent, as are the dwarf novae, and both involve an outpouring of a flood of energy. She concluded by describing her 50 years' experience with novae as presenting ``the contemporary portrait of a nova", rather than a final picture, and by forecasting that the next 50 years of discovering and studying novae will be as full of surprises as the last. (1) Cecilia H. Payne-Gaposchkin, 1977, AJ, 82, 665.

  8. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ball, D Y

    The abysmal state of Russia's conventional forces has caused Russia to rely on nuclear weapons to ensure its security. This reliance was formalized in Russia's military doctrine which states that nuclear weapons can be used ''in situations critical to the national security of the RF and its allies.'' In fact, most Russian security analysts believe that this dependence on nuclear weapons will remain for the foreseeable future because the economy will have to improve significantly before a conventional force build up can be contemplated. Yet, despite Russia's need to rely on nuclear weapons, even this may be problematic because itsmore » economic plight may create difficulties in maintaining its current level of nuclear forces. Thus, Russia has a keen interest in negotiating a treaty to reduce Strategic Nuclear Forces below START II levels and would prefer to go even beyond the 2,000-2,500 numbers agreed to by Presidents Yeltsin and Clinton in Helsinki in 1997. Sergei Rogov, an influential defense analyst, believes that Russia's strategic nuclear forces will fall below 1,000 warheads by 2010 irrespective of arms control agreements. Accordingly, Russia is keen to ensure rough parity with the US. To retain a credible deterrent posture at these lower levels, Russia believes that it is important to restrain US sea-launched cruise missiles (SLCM)--forces that have heretofore not been captured as strategic weapons in the START treaties. Russian officials reason that once strategic nuclear forces go to very low levels, SLCM capabilities become strategically significant. In fact, according to two well-known Russian security analysts, Anatoli Diakov and Pavel Podvig, Russia's current START III negotiating position calls for the complete elimination of all SLCMs, both nuclear and conventional. Prior to assessing Russia's position regarding cruise missiles and START III, I will examine Russia's overall view of its security position vis-a-vis the US in order to provide background for Russia's negotiating stance. I will also suggest how the US and Russia might approach START III in a manner that is equitable and focuses on creating a more stable environment.« less

  9. Parabolic replicator dynamics and the principle of minimum Tsallis information gain

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Non-linear, parabolic (sub-exponential) and hyperbolic (super-exponential) models of prebiological evolution of molecular replicators have been proposed and extensively studied. The parabolic models appear to be the most realistic approximations of real-life replicator systems due primarily to product inhibition. Unlike the more traditional exponential models, the distribution of individual frequencies in an evolving parabolic population is not described by the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Principle in its traditional form, whereby the distribution with the maximum Shannon entropy is chosen among all the distributions that are possible under the given constraints. We sought to identify a more general form of the MaxEnt principle that would be applicable to parabolic growth. Results We consider a model of a population that reproduces according to the parabolic growth law and show that the frequencies of individuals in the population minimize the Tsallis relative entropy (non-additive information gain) at each time moment. Next, we consider a model of a parabolically growing population that maintains a constant total size and provide an “implicit” solution for this system. We show that in this case, the frequencies of the individuals in the population also minimize the Tsallis information gain at each moment of the ‘internal time” of the population. Conclusions The results of this analysis show that the general MaxEnt principle is the underlying law for the evolution of a broad class of replicator systems including not only exponential but also parabolic and hyperbolic systems. The choice of the appropriate entropy (information) function depends on the growth dynamics of a particular class of systems. The Tsallis entropy is non-additive for independent subsystems, i.e. the information on the subsystems is insufficient to describe the system as a whole. In the context of prebiotic evolution, this “non-reductionist” nature of parabolic replicator systems might reflect the importance of group selection and competition between ensembles of cooperating replicators. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Viswanadham Sridhara (nominated by Claus Wilke), Puushottam Dixit (nominated by Sergei Maslov), and Nick Grishin. For the complete reviews, see the Reviewers’ Reports section. PMID:23937956

  10. Relativistic Celestial Mechanics of the Solar System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kopeikin, Sergei; Efroimsky, Michael; Kaplan, George

    2011-09-01

    The general theory of relativity was developed by Einstein a century ago. Since then, it has become the standard theory of gravity, especially important to the fields of fundamental astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, and experimental gravitational physics. Today, the application of general relativity is also essential for many practical purposes involving astrometry, navigation, geodesy, and time synchronization. Numerous experiments have successfully tested general relativity to a remarkable level of precision. Exploring relativistic gravity in the solar system now involves a variety of high-accuracy techniques, for example, very long baseline radio interferometry, pulsar timing, spacecraft Doppler tracking, planetary radio ranging, lunar laser ranging, the global positioning system (GPS), torsion balances and atomic clocks. Over the last few decades, various groups within the International Astronomical Union have been active in exploring the application of the general theory of relativity to the modeling and interpretation of high-accuracy astronomical observations in the solar system and beyond. A Working Group on Relativity in Celestial Mechanics and Astrometry was formed in 1994 to define and implement a relativistic theory of reference frames and time scales. This task was successfully completed with the adoption of a series of resolutions on astronomical reference systems, time scales, and Earth rotation models by the 24th General Assembly of the IAU, held in Manchester, UK, in 2000. However, these resolutions only form a framework for the practical application of relativity theory, and there have been continuing questions on the details of the proper application of relativity theory to many common astronomical problems. To ensure that these questions are properly addressed, the 26th General Assembly of the IAU, held in Prague in August 2006, established the IAU Commission 52, "Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy". The general scientific goals of the new commission are to: * clarify the geometrical and dynamical concepts of fundamental astronomy within a relativistic framework, * provide adequate mathematical and physical formulations to be used in fundamental astronomy, * deepen the understanding of relativity among astronomers and students of astronomy, and * promote research needed to accomplish these tasks. The present book is intended to make a theoretical contribution to the efforts undertaken by this commission. The first three chapters of the book review the foundations of celestial mechanics as well as those of special and general relativity. Subsequent chapters discuss the theoretical and experimental principles of applied relativity in the solar system. The book is written for graduate students and researchers working in the area of gravitational physics and its applications inmodern astronomy. Chapters 1 to 3 were written by Michael Efroimsky and Sergei Kopeikin, Chapters 4 to 8 by Sergei Kopeikin, and Chapter 9 by George Kaplan. Sergei Kopeikin also edited the overall text. It hardly needs to be said that Newtonian celestial mechanics is a very broad area. In Chapter 1, we have concentrated on derivation of the basic equations, on explanation of the perturbed two-body problem in terms of osculating and nonosculating elements, and on discussion of the gauge freedom in the six-dimensional configuration space of the orbital parameters. The gauge freedom of the configuration space has many similarities to the gauge freedom of solutions of the Einstein field equations in general theory of relativity. It makes an important element of the Newtonian theory of gravity, which is often ignored in the books on classic celestial mechanics. Special relativity is discussed in Chapter 2. While our treatment is in many aspects similar to the other books on special relativity, we have carefully emphasised the explanation of the Lorentz and Poincaré transformations, and the appropriate transformation properties of geometric objects like vectors and tensors, for example, the velocity, acceleration, force, electromagnetic field, and so on. Chapter 3 is devoted to general relativity. It explains the main ideas of the tensor calculus on curved manifolds, the theory of the affine connection and parallel transport, and the mathematical and physical foundations of Einstein's approach to gravity. Within this chapter, we have also included topics which are not well covered in standard books on general relativity: namely, the variational analysis on manifolds and the multipolar expansion of gravitational radiation. Chapter 4 introduces a detailed theory of relativistic reference frames and time scales in an N-body system comprised of massive, extended bodies - like our own solar system. Here, we go beyond general relativity and base our analysis on the scalar-tensor theory of gravity. This allows us to extend the domain of applicability of the IAU resolutions on relativistic reference frames, which in their original form were applicable only in the framework of general relativity. We explain the principles of construction of reference frames, and explore their relationship with the solutions of the gravitational field equations. We also discuss the post-Newtonian multipolemoments of the gravitational field from the viewpoint of global and local coordinates. Chapter 5 discusses the principles of derivation of transformations between reference frames in relativistic celestial mechanics. The standard parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism by K. Nordtevdt and C. Will operates with a single coordinate frame covering the entire N-body system, but it is insufficient for discussion of more subtle relativistic effects showing up in orbital and rotational motion of extended bodies. Consideration of such effects require, besides the global frame, the introduction of a set of local frames needed to properly treat each body and its internal structure and dynamics. The entire set of global and local frames allows us to to discover and eliminate spurious coordinate effects that have no physical meaning. The basic mathematical technique used in our theoretical treatment is based on matching of asymptotic post-Newtonian expansions of the solutions of the gravity field equations. In Chapter 6, we discuss the principles of relativistic celestial mechanics of massive bodies and particles. We focus on derivation of the post-Newtonian equations of orbital and rotational motion of an extended body possessing multipolar moments. These moments couple with the tidal gravitational fields of other bodies, making the motion of the body under consideration very complicated. Simplification is possible if the body can be assumed spherically symmetric. We discuss the conditions under which this simplification can be afforded, and derive the equations of motion of spherically-symmetric bodies. These equations are solved in the case of the two-body problem, and we demonstrate the rich nature of the possible coordinate presentations of such a solution. The relativistic celestial mechanics of light particles (photons) propagating in a time-dependent gravitational field of an N-body system is addressed in Chapter 7. This is a primary subject of relativistic astrometry which became especially important for the analysis of space observations from the Hipparcos satellite in the early 1990s. New astrometric space missions, orders of magnitude more accurate than Hipparcos, for example, Gaia, SIM, JASMINE, and so on, will require even more complete developments. Additionally, relativistic effects play an important role in other areas of modern astronomy, such as, pulsar timing, very long baseline radio interferometry, cosmological gravitational lensing, and so on. High-precision measurements of gravitational light bending in the solar system are among the most crucial experimental tests of the general theory of relativity. Einstein predicted that the amount of light bending by the Sun is twice that given by a Newtonian theory of gravity. This prediction has been confirmed with a relative precision about 0.01%. Measurements of light bending by major planets of the solar system allow us to test the dynamical characteristics of spacetime and draw conclusions about the ultimate speed of gravity as well as to explore the so-called gravitomagnetic phenomena. Chapter 8 deals with the theoretical principles and methods of the high-precision gravimetry and geodesy, based on the framework of general relativity. A gravitational field and the properties of geocentric and topocentric reference frames are described by the metric tensor obtained from the Einstein equations with the help of post-Newtonian iterations. Bymatching the asymptotic, post-Newtonian expansions of the metric tensor in geocentric and topocentric coordinates, we derive the relationship between the reference frames, and relativistic corrections to the Earth's force of gravity and its gradient. Two definitions of a relativistic geoid are discussed, and we prove that these geoids coincide under the condition of a constant rigid-body rotation of the Earth.We consider, as a model of the Earth's matter, the notion of the relativistic level surface of a self-gravitating perfect fluid. We discover that, under conditions of constant rigid rotation of the fluid and hydrostatic behavior of tides, the post-Newtonian equation of the level surface is the same as that of the relativistic geoid. In the conclusion of this chapter, a relativistic generaisation of the Clairaut's equation is obtained. Chapter 9 is a practical guide to the relativistic resolutions of the IAU, with enough background information to place these resolutions into the context of the late twentieth century positional astronomy. These resolutions involve the definitions of reference systems, time scales, and Earth rotationmodels; and some of the resolutions are quite detailed. Although the recommended Earth rotation models have not been developed ab initio within the relativistic framework presented in the other resolutions (in that regard, there still exist some difficult problems to solve), their relativistic terms are accurate enough for all the current and near-future observational techniques. At that level, the Earth rotation models are consistent with the general relativity framework recommended by the IAU and considered in this book. The chapter presents practical algorithms for implementing the recommended models. The appendices to the book contain a list of astronomical constants and the original text of the relevant IAU resolutions adopted by the IAU General Assemblies in 1997, 2000, 2006, and 2009. Numerous colleagues have contributed to this book in one way or or another. It is a pleasure for us to acknowledge the enlightening discussions which one or more of the authors had on different occasions with Victor A. Brumberg of the Institute of Applied Astronomy (St. Petersburg, Russia); Tianyi Huang and Yi Xie of Nanjing University (China); Edward B. Fomalont of the National Radio Astronomical Observatory (USA); Valeri V. Makarov, William J. Tangren, and James L. Hilton of the US Naval Observatory; Gerhard Schäfer of the Institute of Theoretical Physics (Jena, Germany); Clifford M. Will of Washington University (St. Louis, USA); Ignazio Ciufolini of the Università del Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce (Italy); and Patrick Wallace, retired from Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office (UK). We also would like to thank Richard G. French of Wellesley College (Massachusetts, USA); Michael Soffel and Sergei Klioner of the Technical University of Dresden; Bahram Mashhoon of the University of Missouri-Columbia; John D. Anderson, retired from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (USA); the late Giacomo Giampieri, also of JPL; Michael Kramer, Axel Jessner, and Norbert Wex of the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (Bonn, Germany); Alexander F. Zakharov of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Moscow, Russia); the late Yuri P. Ilyasov from Astro Space Center of Russian Academy of Science; Michael V. Sazhin, Vladimir A. Zharov, and Igor Yu. Vlasov of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Moscow, Russia); and Vladimir B. Braginsky of Moscow State University (Russia) for their remarks and comments, all of which helped us to properly formulate the theoretical concepts and other material presented in this book. The discussions among themembers of the IAU Worki! ng Group on Relativity in Celestial Mechanics and Astrometry as well as those within the Working Group on Nomenclature for Fundamental Astronomy have also been quite valuable and have contributed to what is presented here. The numerous scientific papers written by Nicole Capitaine of the Paris Observatory and her collaborators have been essential references. Victor Slabinski and Dennis D. McCarthy of the US Naval Observatory, P. Kenneth Seidelmann of the University of Virginia, Catherine Y. Hohenkerk of Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office, and E. Myles Standish, retired from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, reviewed early drafts of the material that became Chapter 9 and made many substantial suggestions for improvement. We were, of course, influenced by many other textbooks available in this field. We would like to pay particular tribute to: C.W. Misner, K. S. Thorne and J. A. Wheeler "Gravitation" V.A. Brumberg "Essential Relativistic Celestial Mechanics" B.F. Schutz "Geometrical Methods of Mathematical Physics" M.H. Soffel "Relativity in Celestial Mechanics, Astrometry and Geodesy" C.M. Will "Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics". There are many other books and influential papers that are important as well which are referenced in the relevant parts of the present book. Not one of our aforementioned colleagues is responsible for any remaining errors or omissions in this book, for which, of course, the authors bear full responsibility. Last, but by nomeans least,Michael Efroimsky and George Kaplan wish to thank John A. Bangert of the US Naval Observatory for the administrative support which he so kindly provided to the project during all of its stages. Sergei Kopeikin is sincerely grateful to the Research Council of the University of Missouri-Columbia for the generous financial support (grants RL-08-027, URC-08-062B, SRF-09-012) that was essential for the successful completion of the book.

  11. Circularity and self-cleavage as a strategy for the emergence of a chromosome in the RNA-based protocell

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background It is now popularly accepted that an “RNA world” existed in early evolution. During division of RNA-based protocells, random distribution of individual genes (simultaneously as ribozymes) between offspring might have resulted in gene loss, especially when the number of gene types increased. Therefore, the emergence of a chromosome carrying linked genes was critical for the prosperity of the RNA world. However, there were quite a few immediate difficulties for this event to occur. For example, a chromosome would be much longer than individual genes, and thus more likely to degrade and less likely to replicate completely; the copying of the chromosome might start at middle sites and be only partial; and, without a complex transcription mechanism, the synthesis of distinct ribozymes would become problematic. Results Inspired by features of viroids, which have been suggested as “living fossils” of the RNA world, we supposed that these difficulties could have been overcome if the chromosome adopted a circular form and small, self-cleaving ribozymes (e.g. the hammer head ribozymes) resided at the sites between genes. Computer simulation using a Monte-Carlo method was conducted to investigate this hypothesis. The simulation shows that an RNA chromosome can spread (increase in quantity and be sustained) in the system if it is a circular one and its linear “transcripts” are readily broken at the sites between genes; the chromosome works as genetic material and ribozymes “coded” by it serve as functional molecules; and both circularity and self-cleavage are important for the spread of the chromosome. Conclusions In the RNA world, circularity and self-cleavage may have been adopted as a strategy to overcome the immediate difficulties for the emergence of a chromosome (with linked genes). The strategy suggested here is very simple and likely to have been used in this early stage of evolution. By demonstrating the possibility of the emergence of an RNA chromosome, this study opens on the prospect of a prosperous RNA world, populated by RNA-based protocells with a number of genes, showing complicated functions. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Sergei Kazakov (nominated by Laura Landweber), Nobuto Takeuchi (nominated by Anthony Poole), and Eugene Koonin. PMID:23971788

  12. The cosmological model of eternal inflation and the transition from chance to biological evolution in the history of life

    PubMed Central

    Koonin, Eugene V

    2007-01-01

    Background Recent developments in cosmology radically change the conception of the universe as well as the very notions of "probable" and "possible". The model of eternal inflation implies that all macroscopic histories permitted by laws of physics are repeated an infinite number of times in the infinite multiverse. In contrast to the traditional cosmological models of a single, finite universe, this worldview provides for the origin of an infinite number of complex systems by chance, even as the probability of complexity emerging in any given region of the multiverse is extremely low. This change in perspective has profound implications for the history of any phenomenon, and life on earth cannot be an exception. Hypothesis Origin of life is a chicken and egg problem: for biological evolution that is governed, primarily, by natural selection, to take off, efficient systems for replication and translation are required, but even barebones cores of these systems appear to be products of extensive selection. The currently favored (partial) solution is an RNA world without proteins in which replication is catalyzed by ribozymes and which serves as the cradle for the translation system. However, the RNA world faces its own hard problems as ribozyme-catalyzed RNA replication remains a hypothesis and the selective pressures behind the origin of translation remain mysterious. Eternal inflation offers a viable alternative that is untenable in a finite universe, i.e., that a coupled system of translation and replication emerged by chance, and became the breakthrough stage from which biological evolution, centered around Darwinian selection, took off. A corollary of this hypothesis is that an RNA world, as a diverse population of replicating RNA molecules, might have never existed. In this model, the stage for Darwinian selection is set by anthropic selection of complex systems that rarely but inevitably emerge by chance in the infinite universe (multiverse). Conclusion The plausibility of different models for the origin of life on earth directly depends on the adopted cosmological scenario. In an infinite universe (multiverse), emergence of highly complex systems by chance is inevitable. Therefore, under this cosmology, an entity as complex as a coupled translation-replication system should be considered a viable breakthrough stage for the onset of biological evolution. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Eric Bapteste, David Krakauer, Sergei Maslov, and Itai Yanai. PMID:17540027

  13. The cosmological model of eternal inflation and the transition from chance to biological evolution in the history of life.

    PubMed

    Koonin, Eugene V

    2007-05-31

    Recent developments in cosmology radically change the conception of the universe as well as the very notions of "probable" and "possible". The model of eternal inflation implies that all macroscopic histories permitted by laws of physics are repeated an infinite number of times in the infinite multiverse. In contrast to the traditional cosmological models of a single, finite universe, this worldview provides for the origin of an infinite number of complex systems by chance, even as the probability of complexity emerging in any given region of the multiverse is extremely low. This change in perspective has profound implications for the history of any phenomenon, and life on earth cannot be an exception. Origin of life is a chicken and egg problem: for biological evolution that is governed, primarily, by natural selection, to take off, efficient systems for replication and translation are required, but even barebones cores of these systems appear to be products of extensive selection. The currently favored (partial) solution is an RNA world without proteins in which replication is catalyzed by ribozymes and which serves as the cradle for the translation system. However, the RNA world faces its own hard problems as ribozyme-catalyzed RNA replication remains a hypothesis and the selective pressures behind the origin of translation remain mysterious. Eternal inflation offers a viable alternative that is untenable in a finite universe, i.e., that a coupled system of translation and replication emerged by chance, and became the breakthrough stage from which biological evolution, centered around Darwinian selection, took off. A corollary of this hypothesis is that an RNA world, as a diverse population of replicating RNA molecules, might have never existed. In this model, the stage for Darwinian selection is set by anthropic selection of complex systems that rarely but inevitably emerge by chance in the infinite universe (multiverse). The plausibility of different models for the origin of life on earth directly depends on the adopted cosmological scenario. In an infinite universe (multiverse), emergence of highly complex systems by chance is inevitable. Therefore, under this cosmology, an entity as complex as a coupled translation-replication system should be considered a viable breakthrough stage for the onset of biological evolution. This article was reviewed by Eric Bapteste, David Krakauer, Sergei Maslov, and Itai Yanai.

  14. Comparable contributions of structural-functional constraints and expression level to the rate of protein sequence evolution

    PubMed Central

    Wolf, Maxim Y; Wolf, Yuri I; Koonin, Eugene V

    2008-01-01

    Background Proteins show a broad range of evolutionary rates. Understanding the factors that are responsible for the characteristic rate of evolution of a given protein arguably is one of the major goals of evolutionary biology. A long-standing general assumption used to be that the evolution rate is, primarily, determined by the specific functional constraints that affect the given protein. These constrains were traditionally thought to depend both on the specific features of the protein's structure and its biological role. The advent of systems biology brought about new types of data, such as expression level and protein-protein interactions, and unexpectedly, a variety of correlations between protein evolution rate and these variables have been observed. The strongest connections by far were repeatedly seen between protein sequence evolution rate and the expression level of the respective gene. It has been hypothesized that this link is due to the selection for the robustness of the protein structure to mistranslation-induced misfolding that is particularly important for highly expressed proteins and is the dominant determinant of the sequence evolution rate. Results This work is an attempt to assess the relative contributions of protein domain structure and function, on the one hand, and expression level on the other hand, to the rate of sequence evolution. To this end, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the effect of the fusion of a pair of domains in multidomain proteins on the difference in the domain-specific evolutionary rates. The mistranslation-induced misfolding hypothesis would predict that, within multidomain proteins, fused domains, on average, should evolve at substantially closer rates than the same domains in different proteins because, within a mutlidomain protein, all domains are translated at the same rate. We performed a comprehensive comparison of the evolutionary rates of mammalian and plant protein domains that are either joined in multidomain proteins or contained in distinct proteins. Substantial homogenization of evolutionary rates in multidomain proteins was, indeed, observed in both animals and plants, although highly significant differences between domain-specific rates remained. The contributions of the translation rate, as determined by the effect of the fusion of a pair of domains within a multidomain protein, and intrinsic, domain-specific structural-functional constraints appear to be comparable in magnitude. Conclusion Fusion of domains in a multidomain protein results in substantial homogenization of the domain-specific evolutionary rates but significant differences between domain-specific evolution rates remain. Thus, the rate of translation and intrinsic structural-functional constraints both exert sizable and comparable effects on sequence evolution. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Sergei Maslov, Dennis Vitkup, Claus Wilke (nominated by Orly Alter), and Allan Drummond (nominated by Joel Bader). For the full reviews, please go to the Reviewers' Reports section. PMID:18840284

  15. PREFACE: Galactic Center Workshop 2006

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schödel, Rainer; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Muno, Michael P.; Nayakshin, Sergei; Ott, Thomas

    2006-12-01

    We are pleased to present the proceedings from the Galactic Center Workshop 2006—From the Center of the Milky Way to Nearby Low-Luminosity Galactic Nuclei. The conference took place in the Physikzentrum, Bad Honnef, Germany, on 18 to 22 April 2006. It is the third workshop of this kind, following the Galactic Center Workshops held 1998 in Tucson, Arizona, and 2002 in Kona, Hawaii. The center of the Milky Way is the only galactic nucleus of a fairly common spiral galaxy that can be observed in great detail. With a distance of roughly 8 kpc, the resolution that can currently be achieved is of the order 40 mpc/8000 AU in the X-ray domain, 2 mpc/400 AU in the near-infrared, and 0.01 mpc/1 AU with VLBI in the millimeter domain. This is two to three orders of magnitude better than for any comparable nearby galaxy, making thus the center of the Milky Way thetemplate object for the general physical interpretation of the phenomena that can be observed in galactic nuclei. We recommend the summary article News from the year 2006 Galactic Centre workshopby Mark Morris and Sergei Nayakshin—who also gave the summary talk of the conference—to the reader in order to obtain a first, concise overview of the results presented at the workshop and some of the currently most exciting—and debated—developments in recent GC research. While the workshops held in 1998 and 2002 were dedicated solely to the center of the Milky Way, the field of view was widened in Bad Honnef to include nearby low-luminosity nuclei. This new feature followed the realization that not only the GC serves as a template for understanding extragalactic nuclei, but that the latter can also provide the context and broader statistical base for understanding the center of our Milky Way. This concerns especially the accretion and emission processes related to the Sagittarius A*, the manifestation of the super massive black hole in the GC, but also the surprising observation of great numbers of massive, young stars in an environment that was previously thought hostile to star formation. Highlights of the GC Workshop 2002 in Kona were certainly the extraordinary evidence for the black hole nature of Sagittarius A* provided by the observation of orbits of individual stars around the central dark mass of the Milky Way, and the observations of short radiation outbreaks from Sgr A* in the X-ray regime, the so-called flares. These events with their variability on the minute time scale provided additional hard evidence for the black hole nature of Sgr A*. Also, the new observational capabilities provided by Chandraand XMMprovided spectacular new insights into the physics of the GC. With the black hole nature of Sagittarius A* now confirmed beyond reasonable doubt, theory and observation are zooming into ever smaller scales, trying to understand the exact physics behind the extreme under-luminosity (10-9 10-10 in terms of Eddington luminosity) of Sagittarius A*. Especially observations of the submm, NIR, and X-ray flares appear to be promising sources to analyze the accretion physics of Sagittarius A* near its event horizon. Some flares may carry the actual imprint of plasma moving at relativistic velocities near the last orbit of the black hole. Another topic that has moved into the focus of attention is star formation near the central black hole. One, possibly two, disks of young massive stars in the central half parsec, generally assumed hostile to star formation, challenge current theories of star formation. Through new infrared integral field spectrometers there is now strong evidence that the stars in the immediate environment of Sagittarius A*, the so-called S-stars are B-type main sequence stars. There are many hypothesis for their origin, but no model could yet provide entirely satisfactory explanations for their existence. A significant number of new telescopes and instruments access ever greater detail at all wavelengths. The continuing development of (sub)-millimeter instrumentation, for example, provides high spatial resolution as well as important spectroscopic data on the complex chemistry of the central tens of parsecs. The new X-ray satellite Suzaku delivers unprecedented spectral resolution in the X-ray domain. Instruments such as H.E.S.S. open, for the first time, the window toward observations in the TeV regime with sub-arcminute resolution. A spectacular near-to-mid-infrared survey of the central hundred parsecs of the Milky Way has been conducted with the Spitzer infrared satellite. VLBI is moving to ever shorter wavelengths, opening the tantalizing prospect of imaging processes near the event horizon of Sagittarius A* within the next decade. Finally, the brightest near- and mid-infrared sources in the central parsec have been and are continued to be examined with infrared interferometry at the ESO Very Large Telescope Interferometer. These first observations clear the way for future ambitious measurements of relativistic effects in the immediate environment of the black hole. The articles in this volume can also be accessed on-line in electronic form, including full color figures and multimedia files. The proceedings can be accessed via the internet site of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series of Institute of Physics Publishing. A link to this site can be also found on the web site of the GC 2006 Workshop, http://www.ph1.uni-koeln.de/GC06. The complete program of the conference, pictures, and other material can be accessed via this site as well. We are grateful to everyone who helped with their efforts to make this conference a fruitful and enjoyable one. Special thanks to the LOC and to the employees of the Physikzentrum in Bad Honnef. The location proved to be a perfect choice, providing all the necessary infrastructure on a high level, a fantastic lecture hall, and the very comfortable basement hall for discussing and socializing in the evenings. We also would like to thank all people working as editors for GCNEWS—The Galactic Center Newsletter, who helped with their know-how from previous GC workshops. GCNEWS is a newsletter that appears several times each year with articles and news on the Galactic Center, including abstracts of recently published papers. Please see http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~gcnews for further information. GCNEWS is a communication platform for the steadily increasing community of GC researchers and is the backbone behind the GC Workshops. We acknowledge financial support for the conference by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Sonderforschungsbereich project number SFB 494. Finally, we would like to thank the more than 100 participants of the GC Workshop 2006 for their enthusiasm and the numerous active contributions which made this conference such a success. Rainer Schödel, Geoffrey C Bower, Michael P Muno, Sergei Nayakshin and Thomas Ott Editors The PDF file contains various photographs taken at the conference and the conference schedule.

  16. The Biological Big Bang model for the major transitions in evolution

    PubMed Central

    Koonin, Eugene V

    2007-01-01

    Background Major transitions in biological evolution show the same pattern of sudden emergence of diverse forms at a new level of complexity. The relationships between major groups within an emergent new class of biological entities are hard to decipher and do not seem to fit the tree pattern that, following Darwin's original proposal, remains the dominant description of biological evolution. The cases in point include the origin of complex RNA molecules and protein folds; major groups of viruses; archaea and bacteria, and the principal lineages within each of these prokaryotic domains; eukaryotic supergroups; and animal phyla. In each of these pivotal nexuses in life's history, the principal "types" seem to appear rapidly and fully equipped with the signature features of the respective new level of biological organization. No intermediate "grades" or intermediate forms between different types are detectable. Usually, this pattern is attributed to cladogenesis compressed in time, combined with the inevitable erosion of the phylogenetic signal. Hypothesis I propose that most or all major evolutionary transitions that show the "explosive" pattern of emergence of new types of biological entities correspond to a boundary between two qualitatively distinct evolutionary phases. The first, inflationary phase is characterized by extremely rapid evolution driven by various processes of genetic information exchange, such as horizontal gene transfer, recombination, fusion, fission, and spread of mobile elements. These processes give rise to a vast diversity of forms from which the main classes of entities at the new level of complexity emerge independently, through a sampling process. In the second phase, evolution dramatically slows down, the respective process of genetic information exchange tapers off, and multiple lineages of the new type of entities emerge, each of them evolving in a tree-like fashion from that point on. This biphasic model of evolution incorporates the previously developed concepts of the emergence of protein folds by recombination of small structural units and origin of viruses and cells from a pre-cellular compartmentalized pool of recombining genetic elements. The model is extended to encompass other major transitions. It is proposed that bacterial and archaeal phyla emerged independently from two distinct populations of primordial cells that, originally, possessed leaky membranes, which made the cells prone to rampant gene exchange; and that the eukaryotic supergroups emerged through distinct, secondary endosymbiotic events (as opposed to the primary, mitochondrial endosymbiosis). This biphasic model of evolution is substantially analogous to the scenario of the origin of universes in the eternal inflation version of modern cosmology. Under this model, universes like ours emerge in the infinite multiverse when the eternal process of exponential expansion, known as inflation, ceases in a particular region as a result of false vacuum decay, a first order phase transition process. The result is the nucleation of a new universe, which is traditionally denoted Big Bang, although this scenario is radically different from the Big Bang of the traditional model of an expanding universe. Hence I denote the phase transitions at the end of each inflationary epoch in the history of life Biological Big Bangs (BBB). Conclusion A Biological Big Bang (BBB) model is proposed for the major transitions in life's evolution. According to this model, each transition is a BBB such that new classes of biological entities emerge at the end of a rapid phase of evolution (inflation) that is characterized by extensive exchange of genetic information which takes distinct forms for different BBBs. The major types of new forms emerge independently, via a sampling process, from the pool of recombining entities of the preceding generation. This process is envisaged as being qualitatively different from tree-pattern cladogenesis. Reviewers This article was reviewed by William Martin, Sergei Maslov, and Leonid Mirny. PMID:17708768

  17. Changes in Russia's Military and Nuclear Doctrine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wolkov, Benjamin M.; Balatsky, Galya I.

    In 1993, the Russian Federation set out a new military doctrine that would determine the direction of its armed forces until President Putin set out the next doctrine in 2000. The Russian Federation creating the doctrine was new; the USSR had recently collapsed, Gorbachev - the creator of the predecessor to this doctrine in 1987 - was out of office, and the new Russian military had only been formed in May, 1992.1 The analysis of the 1993 doctrine is as follows: a definition of how doctrine is defined; a short history of Russian military doctrine leading up to the 1993more » doctrine (officially the Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation); and finally, what the doctrine established. An overview of the 1993 doctrine is: (1) Russia's 1993 doctrine was a return to older, more aggressive doctrine as a result of stability concerns surrounding the recent collapse of the USSR; (2) Russia turned from Gorbachev's 'defensive defense' in the 1987 doctrine to aggressive defense with the option of preempting or striking back against an aggressor; (3) Russia was deeply concerned about how nationalism would affect the former Soviet Republics, particularly in respect to the ethnic Russians still living abroad; and (4) Nuclear doctrine pledged to not be the first to use nuclear weapons but provided for the potential for escalation from a conventional to a nuclear war. The 2000 doctrine (officially the Russian Federation Military Doctrine) was created in a more stable world than the 1993 doctrine was. The Russian Federation had survived independence and the 'threat of direct military aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies' had diminished. It had secured all of the nuclear weapons from its neighbors Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and had elected a new president, Vladimir Putin, to replace Boris Yeltsin. Yet, even as the doctrine took more defensive tones than the 1993 doctrine, it expanded its nuclear options. Below are a new definition of what doctrine meant in 2000 and an outline of the 2000 doctrine. An overview of the 2000 doctrine is: (1) The 2000 doctrine was a return to a more defensive posture; the threat of nuclear retaliation, rather than that of preemptive force, would be its deterrence; (2) In order to strengthen its nuclear deterrence, Russia extended and redefined the cases in which nuclear weapons could be used to include a wider range of conflict types and a larger spectrum of attackers; and (3) Russia's threats changed to reflect its latest fear of engaging in a limited conflict with no prospect of the use of nuclear deterrence. In 2006, the defense minister and deputy prime minister Sergei Ivanov announced that the government was starting on a draft of a future doctrine. Four years later, in 2010, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation was put into effect with the intent of determining Russian doctrine until 2020. The 2010 doctrine, like all previous doctrines, was a product of the times in which it was written. Gone were many of the fears that had followed Russia for the past two decades. Below are an examination of the 2010 definition of doctrine as well as a brief analysis of the 2010 doctrine and its deviations from past doctrines. An overview of the 2010 doctrine is: (1) The new doctrine emphasizes the political centralization of command both in military policy and the use of nuclear weapons; (2) Nuclear doctrine remains the same in many aspects including the retention of first-use; (3) At the same time, doctrine was narrowed to using nuclear weapons only when the Russian state's existence is in danger; to continue strong deterrence, Russia also opted to follow the United States by introducing precision conventional weapons; (4) NATO is defined as Russia's primary external threat because of its increased global presence and its attempt to recruit states that are part of the Russian 'bloc'; and (5) The 2000 doctrine's defensive stance was left out of the doctrine; rumored options for use of nuclear weapons in local wars and in preemptive strikes were also left out.« less

  18. REPORT OF RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND FUTURE GOALS HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wise, Mark B.; Kapustin, Anton N.; Schwarz, John Henry

    Caltech High Energy Physics (HEP) has a broad program in both experimental and theoretical physics. We are known for our creativity and leadership. The future is uncertain and we strive to be involved in all the major areas of experimental and theoretical HEP physics so no matter where the important discoveries occur we are well positioned to play an important role. An outstanding group of postdoctoral scholars, graduate students, staff scientists, and technical and administrative personnel support our efforts in experimental and theoretical physics. The PI’s on this grant are involved in the following program of experimental and theoretical activities:more » I) EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS Our CMS group, led by Harvey Newman and Maria Spiropulu, has played a key role in the discovery and interpretation of the Higgs boson and in searches for new physics. They have important hardware responsibilities in both ECAL and HCAL and are also involved in the upgrades needed for the High Luminosity LHC. Newman's group also develops and operates Grid-based computing, networking, and collaborative systems for CMS and the US HEP community. The charged lepton (Mu2e) and quark BaBar flavor physics group is led by David Hitlin and Frank Porter. On Mu2e they have been instrumental in the design of the calorimeter. Construction responsibilities include one third of the crystals and associated readout as well as the calibration system. They also will have responsibility for a major part of the online system software. Although data taking ceased in 2008 the Caltech BaBar group is active on several new forefront analyses. The neutrino group is led by Ryan Patterson. They are central to NOvA's core oscillation physics program, to calibration, and to detector readiness being responsible for the production and installation of 12,000 APD arrays. They have key roles in neutrino appearance and disappearance analysis in MINOS and MINOS+. Sunil Golwala leads the dark matter direct detection effort. Areas of activity include: CDMS II data analysis, contributions to SuperCDMS Soudan operations and analysis, R&D towards SuperCDMS SNOLAB, development of a novel screener for radiocontamination (the BetaCage), and development of new WIMP detector concepts. Ren-Yuan Zhu leads the HEP crystal laboratory for the advanced detector R&D effort. The crystal lab is involved in development of novel scintillating crystals and has proposed several crystal based detector concepts for future HEP experiments at the energy and intensity frontiers. Its current research effort is concentrated on development of fast crystal scintillators with good radiation hardness and low cost. II) THEORETICAL PHYSICS The main theme of Sergei Gukov's current research is the relation between the geometry of quantum group invariants and their categorification, on the one hand, and the physics of supersymmetric gauge theory and string theory, on the other. Anton Kapustin's research spans a variety of topics in non-perturbative Quantum Field Theory (QFT). His main areas of interest are supersymmetric gauge theories, non-perturbative dualities in QFT, disorder operators, Topological Quantum Field Theory, and non-relativistic QFT. He is also interested in the foundations and possible generalizations of Quantum Mechanics. Hirosi Ooguri's current research has two main components. One is to find exact results in Calabi-Yau compactification of string theory. Another is to explore applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence. He also plans to continue his project with Caltech postdoctoral fellows on BPS spectra of supersymmetric gauge theories in diverse dimensions. John Preskill works on quantum information science. This field may lead to important future technologies, and also lead to new understanding of issues in fundamental physics John Schwarz has been exploring a number of topics in superstring theory/M-theory, supersymmetric gauge theory, and their AdS/CFT relationships. Much of the motivation for these studies is the desire to gain a deeper understanding of superstring theory and M-theory. The research interests of Mark Wise span particle physics, cosmology and nuclear physics. His recent work has centered on extensions of the standard model where baryon number and lepton number are gauged and extensions of the standard model that have novel sources of baryon number violation and new sources of charged lepton flavor violation« less

  19. EDITORIAL: Focus on Carbon Nanotubes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2003-09-01

    The study of carbon nanotubes, since their discovery by Iijima in 1991, has become a full research field with significant contributions from all areas of research in solid-state and molecular physics and also from chemistry. This Focus Issue in New Journal of Physics reflects this active research, and presents articles detailing significant advances in the production of carbon nanotubes, the study of their mechanical and vibrational properties, electronic properties and optical transitions, and electrical and transport properties. Fundamental research, both theoretical and experimental, represents part of this progress. The potential applications of nanotubes will rely on the progress made in understanding their fundamental physics and chemistry, as presented here. We believe this Focus Issue will be an excellent guide for both beginners and experts in the research field of carbon nanotubes. It has been a great pleasure to edit the many excellent contributions from Europe, Japan, and the US, as well from a number of other countries, and to witness the remarkable effort put into the manuscripts by the contributors. We thank all the authors and referees involved in the process. In particular, we would like to express our gratitude to Alexander Bradshaw, who invited us put together this Focus Issue, and to Tim Smith and the New Journal of Physics staff for their extremely efficient handling of the manuscripts. Focus on Carbon Nanotubes Contents Transport theory of carbon nanotube Y junctions R Egger, B Trauzettel, S Chen and F Siano The tubular conical helix of graphitic boron nitride F F Xu, Y Bando and D Golberg Formation pathways for single-wall carbon nanotube multiterminal junctions Inna Ponomareva, Leonid A Chernozatonskii, Antonis N Andriotis and Madhu Menon Synthesis and manipulation of carbon nanotubes J W Seo, E Couteau, P Umek, K Hernadi, P Marcoux, B Lukic, Cs Mikó, M Milas, R Gaál and L Forró Transitional behaviour in the transformation from active end planes to stable loops caused by annealing M Endo, B J Lee, Y A Kim, Y J Kim, H Muramatsu, T Yanagisawa, T Hayashi, M Terrones and M S Dresselhaus Energetics and electronic structure of C70-peapods and one-dimensional chains of C70 Susumu Okada, Minoru Otani and Atsushi Oshiyama Theoretical characterization of several models of nanoporous carbon F Valencia, A H Romero, E Hernández, M Terrones and H Terrones First-principles molecular dynamics study of the stretching frequencies of hydrogen molecules in carbon nanotubes Gabriel Canto, Pablo Ordejón, Cheng Hansong, Alan C Cooper and Guido P Pez The geometry and the radial breathing mode of carbon nanotubes: beyond the ideal behaviour Jeno Kürti, Viktor Zólyomi, Miklos Kertesz and Sun Guangyu Curved nanostructured materials Humberto Terrones and Mauricio Terrones A one-dimensional Ising model for C70 molecular ordering in C70-peapods Yutaka Maniwa, Hiromichi Kataura, Kazuyuki Matsuda and Yutaka Okabe Nanoengineering of carbon nanotubes for nanotools Yoshikazu Nakayama and Seiji Akita Narrow diameter double-wall carbon nanotubes: synthesis, electron microscopy and inelastic light scattering R R Bacsa, E Flahaut, Ch Laurent, A Peigney, S Aloni, P Puech and W S Bacsa Sensitivity of single multiwalled carbon nanotubes to the environment M Krüger, I Widmer, T Nussbaumer, M Buitelaar and C Schönenberger Characterizing carbon nanotube samples with resonance Raman scattering A Jorio, M A Pimenta, A G Souza Filho, R Saito, G Dresselhaus and M S Dresselhaus FTIR-luminescence mapping of dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes Sergei Lebedkin, Katharina Arnold, Frank Hennrich, Ralph Krupke, Burkhard Renker and Manfred M Kappes Structural properties of Haeckelite nanotubes Ph Lambin and L P Biró Structural changes in single-walled carbon nanotubes under non-hydrostatic pressures: x-ray and Raman studies Sukanta Karmakar, Surinder M Sharma, P V Teredesai, D V S Muthu, A Govindaraj, S K Sikka and A K Sood Novel properties of 0.4 nm single-walled carbon nanotubes templated in the channels of AlPO4-5 single crystals Z K Tang, N Wang, X X Zhang, J N Wang, C T Chan and Ping Sheng Lattice dynamics and symmetry of double wall carbon nanotubes M Damnjanovic, E Dobardzic, I Milosevic, T Vukovic and B Nikolic Optical characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of alcohol Shigeo Maruyama, Yuhei Miyauchi, Yoichi Murakami and Shohei Chiashi Christian Thomsen, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany Hiromichi Kataura, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan

  20. Stars Form Surprisingly Close to Milky Way's Black Hole

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2005-10-01

    The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way has surprisingly helped spawn a new generation of stars, according to observations from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. This novel mode of star formation may solve several mysteries about the supermassive black holes that reside at the centers of nearly all galaxies. "Massive black holes are usually known for violence and destruction," said Sergei Nayakshin of the University of Leicester, United Kingdom, and coauthor of a paper on this research in an upcoming issue of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. "So it's remarkable that this black hole helped create new stars, not just destroy them." Black holes have earned their fearsome reputation because any material -- including stars -- that falls within the so-called event horizon is never seen again. However, these new results indicate that the immense disks of gas known to orbit many black holes at a "safe" distance from the event horizon can help nurture the formation of new stars. Animation of Stars Forming Around Black Hole Animation of Stars Forming Around Black Hole This conclusion came from new clues that could only be revealed in X-rays. Until the latest Chandra results, astronomers have disagreed about the origin of a mysterious group of massive stars discovered by infrared astronomers to be orbiting less than a light year from the Milky Way's central black hole, a.k.a. Sagittarius A*, or Sgr A*. At such close distances to Sgr A*, the standard model for star formation predicts that gas clouds from which stars form should have been ripped apart by tidal forces from the black hole. Two models to explain this puzzle have been proposed. In the disk model, the gravity of a dense disk of gas around Sgr A* offsets the tidal forces and allows stars to form; in the migration model, the stars formed in a star cluster far away from the black hole and migrated in to form the ring of massive stars. The migration scenario predicts about a million low mass, sun-like stars in and around the ring, whereas in the disk model, the number of low mass stars could be much less. Nayakshin and his coauthor, Rashid Sunyaev of the Max Plank Institute for Physics in Garching, Germany, used Chandra observations to compare the X-ray glow from the region around Sgr A* to the X-ray emission from thousands of young stars in the Orion Nebula star cluster. They found that the Sgr A* star cluster contains only about 10,000 low mass stars, thereby ruling out the migration model. "We can now say that the stars around Sgr A* were not deposited there by some passing star cluster, rather they were born there," said Sunyaev . "There have been theories that this was possible, but this is the first real evidence. Many scientists are going to be very surprised by these results." Because the Galactic Center is shrouded in dust and gas, it has not been possible to look for the low-mass stars in optical observations. In contrast, X-ray data have allowed astronomers to penetrate the veil of gas and dust and look for these low mass stars. Scenario Dismissed by Chandra Results Scenario Dismissed by Chandra Results "In one of the most inhospitable places in our Galaxy, stars have prevailed," said Nayakshin. "It appears that star formation is much more tenacious than we previously believed." The results suggest that the "rules" of star formation change when stars form in the disk of a giant black hole. Because this environment is very different from typical star formation regions, there is a change in the proportion of stars that form. For example, there is a much higher percentage of massive stars in the disks around black holes. And, when these massive stars explode as supernovae, they will "fertilize" the region with heavy elements such as oxygen. This may explain the large amounts of such elements observed in the disks of young supermassive black holes. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for the agency's Science Mission Directorate. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls science and flight operations from the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass. Additional information and images are available at: http://chandra.harvard.edu and http://chandra.nasa.gov

  1. EDITORIAL: Focus on Cloud Physics FOCUS ON CLOUD PHYSICS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Falkovich, Gregory; Malinowski, Szymon P.

    2008-07-01

    Cloud physics has for a long time been an important segment of atmospheric science. It is common knowledge that clouds are crucial for our understanding of weather and climate. Clouds are also interesting by themselves (not to mention that they are beautiful). Complexity is hidden behind the common picture of these beautiful and interesting objects. The typical school textbook definition that a cloud is 'a set of droplets or particles suspended in the atmosphere' is not adequate. Clouds are complicated phenomena in which dynamics, turbulence, microphysics, thermodynamics and radiative transfer interact on a wide range of scales, from sub-micron to kilometres. Some of these interactions are subtle and others are more straightforward. Large and small-scale motions lead to activation of cloud condensation nuclei, condensational growth and collisions; small changes in composition and concentration of atmospheric aerosol lead to significant differences in radiative properties of the clouds and influence rainfall formation. It is justified to look at a cloud as a composite, nonlinear system which involves many interactions and feedback. This system is actively linked into a web of atmospheric, oceanic and even cosmic interactions. Due to the complexity of the cloud system, present-day descriptions of clouds suffer from simplifications, inadequate parameterizations, and omissions. Sometimes the most fundamental physics hidden behind these simplifications and parameterizations is not known, and a wide scope of view can sometimes prevent a 'microscopic', deep insight into the detail. Only the expertise offered by scientists focused on particular elementary processes involved in this complicated pattern of interactions allows us to shape elements of the puzzle from which a general picture of clouds can be created. To be useful, every element of the puzzle must be shaped precisely. This often creates problems in communication between the sciences responsible for shaping elements of the puzzle, and those which combine them. Scales, assumptions and the conditions used in order to describe a particular single process of interest must be consistent with the conditions in clouds. The papers in this focus issue of New Journal of Physics collectively demonstrate (i) the variation in scientific approaches towards investigating cloud processes, (ii) the various stages of shaping elements of the puzzle, and (iii) some attempts to put the pieces together. These papers present just a small subset of loosely arranged elements in an initial stage of puzzle creation. Addressed by this issue is one of the important problems in our understanding of cloud processes—the interaction between cloud particles and turbulence. There is currently a gap between the cloud physics community and scientists working in wind tunnels, on turbulence theory and particle interactions. This collection is intended to narrow this gap by bringing together work by theoreticians, modelers, laboratory experimentalists and those who measure and observe actual processes in clouds. It forms a collage of contributions showing various approaches to cloud processes including: • theoretical works with possible applications to clouds (Bistagnino and Boffetta, Gustavsson et al), • an attempt to construct a phenomenological description of clouds and rain (Lovejoy and Schertzer), • simplified models designed to parameterize turbulence micro- and macro-effects (Celani et al, Derevyanko et al), • focused theoretical research aimed at particular cloud processes (Ayala et al, parts I and II, Wang et al), • laboratory and modeling studies of complex cloud processes (Malinowski et al). This collage is far from being complete but, hopefully, should give the reader a representative impression of the current state of knowledge in the field. We hope it will be useful to all scientists whose work is inspired by cloud processes. Focus on Cloud Physics Contents The equivalent size of cloud condensation nuclei Antonio Celani, Andrea Mazzino and Marco Tizzi Laboratory and modeling studies of cloud-clear air interfacial mixing: anisotropy of small-scale turbulence due to evaporative cooling Szymon P Malinowski, Miroslaw Andrejczuk, Wojciech W Grabowski, Piotr Korczyk, Tomasz A Kowalewski and Piotr K Smolarkiewicz Evolution of non-uniformly seeded warm clouds in idealized turbulent conditions Stanislav Derevyanko, Gregory Falkovich and Sergei Turitsyn Lagrangian statistics in two-dimensional free turbulent convection A Bistagnino and G Boffetta Turbulence, raindrops and the l1/2 number density law S Lovejoy and D Schertzer Effects of turbulence on the geometric collision rate of sedimenting droplets. Part 2. Theory and parameterization Orlando Ayala, Bogdan Rosa and Lian-Ping Wang Effects of turbulence on the geometric collision rate of sedimenting droplets. Part 1. Results from direct numerical simulation Orlando Ayala, Bogdan Rosa, Lian-Ping Wang and Wojciech W Grabowski Collisions of particles advected in random flows K Gustavsson, B Mehlig and M Wilkinson Turbulent collision efficiency of heavy particles relevant to cloud droplets Lian-Ping Wang, Orlando Ayala, Bogdan Rosa and Wojciech W Grabowski

  2. List of Participants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2011-09-01

    AbeTakashiUniversity of Tokyotabe@nt.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp AmusiaMironRacah Institute of Physics, Jerusalemamusia@vms.huji.ac.il BaldoMarcelloINFN Cataniabaldo@ct.infn.it BansalManiePanjab University, Chandigarhbansalmanni@gmail.com BarrancoFranciscoUniversity of Sevillebarranco@us.es BertschGeorgeUniversity of Washington, Seattlebertsch@u.washington.edu BhagwatAmeeyaCBS Mumbaiameeya@kth.se BorderieBernardIPN Orsayborderie@ipno.in2p3.fr CarbonellJaumeLPSC Grenoblejaume.carbonell@lpsc.in2p3.fr CarlsonJoeLos Alamos National Laboratorycarlson@lanl.gov ColòGianlucaINFN - Università degli Studi di Milanocolo@mi.infn.it DanielewiczPawelNSCL, Michigan State Universitydanielewicz@nscl.msu.edu DescouvemontPierreUniversité Libre de Bruxellespdesc@ulb.ac.be Dohet-EralyJérémyUniversité Libre de Bruxellesjdoheter@ulb.ac.be DraayerJerryLouisiana State Universitydraayer@lsu.edu DufourMarianneIPHC, Université de Strasbourgmarianne.dufour@ires.in2p3.fr DuguetThomasCEA Saclaythomas.duguet@cea.fr DukelskyJorgeCSIC Madriddukelsky@iem.cfmac.csic.es EbranJean-PaulCEA-DAM, Arpajonebran@ipno.in2p3.fr FreerMartinUniversity of Birminghamm.freer@bham.ac.uk FujiiShinichiroUniversity of Tokyosfujii@cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp FunakiYasuroRIKEN Nishina Center, Wakofunaki@riken.jp GrassoMarcellaIPN Orsaygrasso@ipno.in2p3.fr HaginoKouichiTohoku Universityhagino@nucl.phys.tohoku.ac.jp HansenHubertUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1hansen@ipnl.in2p3.fr HolzmannMarkusLPMMC Grenoblemarkus@lptl.jussieu.fr HoriuchiHisashiRCNP, Osaka Universityhoriuchi@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp HoriuchiWataruGSI Darmstadtw.horiuchi@gsi.de HupinGuillaumeGANIL, Caenhupin@ganil.fr JinMengHuazhong Normal University, Wuhanjinm@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn KamimuraMasayasuRIKEN Nishina Center, Wakomkamimura@riken.jp Kanada-En'yoYoshikoKyoto Universityyenyo@ruby.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp KatoKiyoshiHokkaido University, Sapporokato@nucl.sci.hokudai.ac.jp KawabataTakahiroKyoto Universitykawabata@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp KhanEliasIPN Orsaykhan@ipno.in2p3.fr KhodelVictorKurchatov Institute, Moscowvak@wuphys.wustl.edu KimuraMasaakiHokkaido University, Sapporomasaaki@nucl.sci.hokudai.ac.jp LacroixDenisGANIL, Caenlacroix@ganil.fr LiangHaozhaoPeking University, Beijinghzliang@pku.edu.cn MargueronJérômeIPN Orsayjerome.margueron@ipno.in2p3.fr MassotElisabethIPN Orsaymassot@ipno.in2p3.fr MengJiePeking University, Beijingmengj@pku.edu.cn MillerTomaszWarsaw University of Technologymillert@student.mini.pw.edu.pl MoghrabiKassemIPN Orsaymoghrabi@ipno.in2p3.fr NapolitaniPaoloIPN Orsaynapolita@ipno.in2p3.fr NeffThomasGSI Darmstadtt.neff@gsi.de NguyenVan GiaiIPN Orsaynguyen@ipno.in2p3.fr OtsukaTakaharuUniversity of Tokyootsuka@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp PilletNathalie-MarieCEA-DAM, Arpajonnathalie.pillet@cea.fr QiChongKTH Stockholmchongq@kth.se RamananSunethraICTP Triestesramanan@ictp.it RingPeterTU Munichring@ph.tum.de Rios HuguetArnauUniversity of Surreya.rios@surrey.ac.uk RivetMarie-FranceIPN Orsayrivet@ipno.in2p3.fr RobledoLuisUniversidad Autonoma de Madridluis.robledo@uam.es Roca MazaXavierINFN Milanoxavier.roca.maza@mi.infn.it RöpkeGerdRostock Universitygerd.roepke@uni-rostock.de RowleyNeilIPN Orsayrowley@ipno.in2p3.fr SagawaHiroyukiUniversity of Aizusagawa@u-aizu.ac.jp SandulescuNicolaeIFIN-HH, Bucharestsandulescu@theory.nipne.ro SchuckPeterIPN Orsayschuck@ipno.in2p3.fr SedrakianArmenGoethe Universität Frankfurtsedrakian@th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de SeveryukhinAlexeyJINR Dubnasever@theor.jinr.ru SogoTakaakiIPN Orsaysogo@ipno.in2p3.fr SomàVittorioCEA Saclayvittorio.soma@cea.fr StrinatiGiancarloUniversità di Camerinogiancarlo.strinati@gmail.com SuharaTadahiroKyoto Universitysuhara@ruby.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp SukhoruchkinSergeiPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institutesergeis@pnpi.spb.ru SuzukiToruTokyo Metropolitan Universitysuzukitr@tmu.ac.jp SuzukiToshioNihon University, Tokyosuzuki@chs.nihon-u.ac.jp TarpanovDimitarINRNE, Sofiadimitert@yahoo.co.uk Tohsaki-SuzukiAkihiroOsaka Universitytohsaki@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp TypelStefanGSI Darmstadts.typel@gsi.de UesakaTomohiroUniversity of Tokyouesaka@cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp UrbanMichaelIPN Orsayurban@ipno.in2p3.fr Van IsackerPietGANIL Caenisacker@ganil.fr VigezziEnricoINFN Milanovigezzi@mi.infn.it ViñasXavierUniversitat de Barcelonaxavier@ecm.ub.es Vinh MauNicoleIPN Orsayvinhmau@ipno.in2p3.fr VitturiAndreaINFN Padovavitturi@pd.infn.it Von OertzenWolframHelmholtz Zentrum Berlinoertzen@helmholtz-berlin.de WambachJochenTechnische Universität Darmstadtjochen.wambach@physik.tu-darmstadt.de WlazłowskiGabrielWarsaw University of Technologygabrielw@if.pw.edu.pl YamadaTaiichiKanto Gakuin University, Yokohamayamada@kanto-gakuin.ac.jp YoshidaKenichiRIKEN Nishina Center, Wakokenichi.yoshida@riken.jp YoshidaSatoshiHosei University, Tokyos_yoshi@i.hosei.ac.jp

  3. EDITORIAL: Focus on Carbon Nanotubes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2003-09-01

    The study of carbon nanotubes, since their discovery by Iijima in 1991, has become a full research field with significant contributions from all areas of research in solid-state and molecular physics and also from chemistry. This Focus Issue in New Journal of Physics reflects this active research, and presents articles detailing significant advances in the production of carbon nanotubes, the study of their mechanical and vibrational properties, electronic properties and optical transitions, and electrical and transport properties. Fundamental research, both theoretical and experimental, represents part of this progress. The potential applications of nanotubes will rely on the progress made in understanding their fundamental physics and chemistry, as presented here. We believe this Focus Issue will be an excellent guide for both beginners and experts in the research field of carbon nanotubes. It has been a great pleasure to edit the many excellent contributions from Europe, Japan, and the US, as well from a number of other countries, and to witness the remarkable effort put into the manuscripts by the contributors. We thank all the authors and referees involved in the process. In particular, we would like to express our gratitude to Alexander Bradshaw, who invited us put together this Focus Issue, and to Tim Smith and the New Journal of Physics staff for their extremely efficient handling of the manuscripts. Focus on Carbon Nanotubes Contents <;A article="1367-2630/5/1/117">Transport theory of carbon nanotube Y junctions R Egger, B Trauzettel, S Chen and F Siano The tubular conical helix of graphitic boron nitride F F Xu, Y Bando and D Golberg Formation pathways for single-wall carbon nanotube multiterminal junctions Inna Ponomareva, Leonid A Chernozatonskii, Antonis N Andriotis and Madhu Menon Synthesis and manipulation of carbon nanotubes J W Seo, E Couteau, P Umek, K Hernadi, P Marcoux, B Lukic, Cs Mikó, M Milas, R Gaál and L Forró Transitional behaviour in the transformation from active end planes to stable loops caused by annealing M Endo, B J Lee, Y A Kim, Y J Kim, H Muramatsu, T Yanagisawa, T Hayashi, M Terrones and M S Dresselhaus Energetics and electronic structure of C70-peapods and one-dimensional chains of C70 Susumu Okada, Minoru Otani and Atsushi Oshiyama Theoretical characterization of several models of nanoporous carbon F Valencia, A H Romero, E Hernández, M Terrones and H Terrones First-principles molecular dynamics study of the stretching frequencies of hydrogen molecules in carbon nanotubes Gabriel Canto, Pablo Ordejón, Cheng Hansong, Alan C Cooper and Guido P Pez The geometry and the radial breathing mode of carbon nanotubes: beyond the ideal behaviour Jeno Kürti, Viktor Zólyomi, Miklos Kertesz and Sun Guangyu Curved nanostructured materials Humberto Terrones and Mauricio Terrones A one-dimensional Ising model for C70 molecular ordering in C70-peapods Yutaka Maniwa, Hiromichi Kataura, Kazuyuki Matsuda and Yutaka Okabe Nanoengineering of carbon nanotubes for nanotools Yoshikazu Nakayama and Seiji Akita Narrow diameter double-wall carbon nanotubes: synthesis, electron microscopy and inelastic light scattering R R Bacsa, E Flahaut, Ch Laurent, A Peigney, S Aloni, P Puech and W S Bacsa Sensitivity of single multiwalled carbon nanotubes to the environment M Krüger, I Widmer, T Nussbaumer, M Buitelaar and C Schönenberger Characterizing carbon nanotube samples with resonance Raman scattering A Jorio, M A Pimenta, A G Souza Filho, R Saito, G Dresselhaus and M S Dresselhaus FTIR-luminescence mapping of dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes Sergei Lebedkin, Katharina Arnold, Frank Hennrich, Ralph Krupke, Burkhard Renker and Manfred M Kappes Structural properties of Haeckelite nanotubes Ph Lambin and L P Biró Structural changes in single-walled carbon nanotubes under non-hydrostatic pressures: x-ray and Raman studies Sukanta Karmakar, Surinder M Sharma, P V Teredesai, D V S Muthu, A Govindaraj, S K Sikka and A K Sood Novel properties of 0.4 nm single-walled carbon nanotubes templated in the channels of AlPO4-5 single crystals Z K Tang, N Wang, X X Zhang, J N Wang, C T Chan and Ping Sheng Lattice dynamics and symmetry of double wall carbon nanotubes M Damnjanovic, E Dobardzic, I Milosevic, T Vukovic and B Nikolic Optical characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of alcohol Shigeo Maruyama, Yuhei Miyauchi, Yoichi Murakami and Shohei Chiashi Christian Thomsen, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany Hiromichi Kataura, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan

  4. EDITORIAL: Focus on Cloaking and Transformation Optics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leonhardt, Ulf; Smith, David R.

    2008-11-01

    'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic', as the late Arthur C Clarke wrote. So what does it take to do magic by technology? Transformation optics has developed some tantalizing ideas and the first practical demonstrations of 'pure and applied magic'. Transformation optics gathers an unusual mix of scientists, ranging from practically-minded engineers to imaginative theoretical physicists and mathematicians or hybrids of all three. The engineers have been developing new materials with extraordinary electromagnetic properties, from materials for microwaves, to be used in radar or wireless technology, to materials for terahertz radiation and visible light. These materials typically are composites—they consist of artificial structures much smaller than the wavelength that act like man-made atoms, apart being much larger in size. The properties of these artificial atoms depend on their shapes and sizes and so they are tunable, in contrast to most real atoms or molecules. This degree of control is what makes these materials—called metamaterials—so interesting. Such new-won freedom invites the other side of the spectrum of scientists, the theorists, to dream. Just imagine there are no practical limits on electromagnetic materials—what could we do with them? One exciting application of metamaterials has been Veselago's idea of negative refraction, dating back to the 1960s. Metamaterials have breathed life into Veselago's idea, culminating in recent optical demonstrations (see for example [1,2]). Another application is cloaking, developing ideas and first experimental demonstrations for invisibility devices [3]. It turns out that both negative refraction and cloaking are examples where materials seem to transform the geometry of space. Any optical material appears to change light's perception of space, as countless optical illusions prove, but the materials of transformation optics act in more specific ways: they appear to perform coordinate transformations. If the coordinates they conjure up run backwards one gets negative refraction, if they exclude some region of space one makes anything inside invisible [4]. In physics, general relativity has honed the theoretical tools for understanding curved space and curved-coordinate transformations. In transformation optics, general relativity has become a theoretical tool for solving practical engineering problems [4]. What an unorthodox connection! This focus issue represents a snapshot of this rapidly developing research area. It is not restricted to optics or electromagnetism, though. Metamaterials for acoustics also exist and can be applied in ways similar to optical metamaterials. So transformation optics not only attracts an unusual mix of scientists, but also spans a range of applications in optics and beyond. Transformation optics has the potential to transform optics, for example by visualizing invisibility and making materials beyond materials—metamaterials. But before we transgress the boundaries to the hermeneutics of transformation optics [5], let the papers speak for themselves. References [1] Yao J, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun C, Bartal G, Stacy A M and Zhang X 2008 Science 321 930 [2] Valentine J, Zhang S, Zentgraf T, Ulin-Avila E, Genov D A, Bartal G and Zhang X 2008 Nature 455 376 [3] Schurig D, Mock J J, Justice B J, Cummer S A, Pendry J B, Starr A F and Smith D R 2006 Science 314 977 [4] Leonhardt U and Philbin T G 2006 New J. Phys. 8 247 [5] Sokal A D 1996 Social Text 14(46/47) 217 Focus on Cloaking and Transformation Optics Contents Transformation optics for the full dielectric electromagnetic cloak and metal-dielectric planar hyperlens D P Gaillot, C Croënne, F Zhang and D Lippens Transmutation of singularities in optical instruments Tomáš Tyc and Ulf Leonhardt Electromagnetic cloaking with canonical spiral inclusions K Guven, E Saenz, R Gonzalo, E Ozbay and S Tretyakov Theory and potentials of multi-layered plasmonic covers for multi-frequency cloaking Andrea Alù and Nader Engheta Electromagnetic cloaking devices for TE and TM polarizations Filiberto Bilotti, Simone Tricarico and Lucio Vegni An aberration-free lens with zero F-number D Schurig Transformational optics of plasmonic metamaterials I I Smolyaninov An acoustic metafluid: realizing a broadband acoustic cloak J B Pendry and Jensen Li On the possibility of metamaterial properties in spin plasmas G Brodin and M Marklund A homogenization route towards square cylindrical acoustic cloaks Mohamed Farhat, Sébastien Guenneau, Stefan Enoch, Alexander Movchan, Frédéric Zolla and André Nicolet Transformation optics: approaching broadband electromagnetic cloaking A V Kildishev, W Cai, U K Chettiar and V M Shalaev Generalized field-transforming metamaterials Sergei A Tretyakov, Igor S Nefedov and Pekka Alitalo Electromagnetic beam modulation through transformation optical structures Xiaofei Xu, Yijun Feng and Tian Jiang Superantenna made of transformation media Ulf Leonhardt and Tomáš Tyc Material parameters and vector scaling in transformation acoustics Steven A Cummer, Marco Rahm and David Schurig Isotropic transformation optics: approximate acoustic and quantum cloaking Allan Greenleaf, Yaroslav Kurylev, Matti Lassas and Gunther Uhlmann Transformation optical designs for wave collimators, flat lenses and right-angle bends Do-Hoon Kwon and Douglas H Werner Alternative derivation of electromagnetic cloaks and concentrators A D Yaghjian and S Maci Solutions in folded geometries, and associated cloaking due to anomalous resonance Graeme W Milton, Nicolae-Alexandru P Nicorovici, Ross C McPhedran, Kirill Cherednichenko and Zubin Jacob Finite wavelength cloaking by plasmonic resonance N-A P Nicorovici, R C McPhedran, S Enoch and G Tayeb

  5. IN MEMORIAM: In Memoriam: Alexander A Golovin and Alexei M Oparin In Memoriam: Alexander A Golovin and Alexei M Oparin

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2008-10-01

    In Memoriam of Alexander A Golovin (1962-2008) Alexander (Sasha) Golovin passed away on 10 September 2008. Sasha's scientific heritage includes seminal works in different fields of physics, from Marangoni convection to self-assembly of quantum dots, and from combustion fronts to anomalous diffusion in flows and on a crystal surface. A graduate of the Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology, he had very broad scientific interests and a unique ability to identify and solve new, intellectually challenging and technologically important problems. One of the basic fields of Sasha's research was the fluid dynamics in systems with interfaces. His favorite subject was the motion of droplets, bubbles and particles in the presence of heat and mass transfer. Sasha's early works contained the discovery of the spontaneous motion of droplets due to the Marangoni effect and the investigation of the interaction between solid particles, bubbles and droplets caused by the Marangoni effect, which is a crucial factor that determines the effect of heat/mass transfer on the rate of coalescence. In both cases, Sasha's work was the first in a long sequence of papers written by different authors. Later, Sasha returned to that field when studying such fascinating subjects as levitation of droplets above the surface of an evaporating liquid and encapsulation of particles and bubbles by an advancing solidification front. The subject of interfacial hydrodynamics overlaps with another basic field of Sasha's research, the theory of pattern formation. The contribution of Sasha's work to the modern understanding of the variety of pattern formation phenomena is significant. It includes the analysis of the interaction between long-wave and short-wave instability modes in Marangoni convection, investigation of the large-scale Marangoni convection that led to the prediction of different patterns including quasipatterns, and the description of various non-potential effects in Marangoni convection caused by surface deformation. Later, the field of Sasha's interests moved in the direction of small-scale hydrodynamics. His work on the fingering instability of a film wetting the solid substrate was the first truly quantitative work on that subject taking into account the effect of van der Waals interaction. Sasha was also one of the founders of the theory of ultra-thin two-layer films. The achievements of Sasha Golovin in non-linear dynamics spread beyond hydrodynamics. In a series of papers on the instability of combustion fronts, Sasha investigated generic features of the interactions of different instability modes by the consideration of systems of coupled generic non-linear equations. The basic field of the applications of the pattern formation theory (in a wide sense) in Sasha's works was the materials science. The list of subjects included the studies of different modifications of the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation in the context of the crystal faceting kinetics, self-organization of quantum dots in solid films, formation of nanoscale porous structures, growth of nanowires, and explosive crystallization. Among the latest directions of Sasha's research were the problem of an active controlling of the pattern formation process (specifically, suppression of morphological instabilities in solidification and prevention of a localized blow-up) and the pattern formation in systems with anomalous diffusion. A paper published in the current issue is devoted to the latter field. Sasha was an exceptional personality. His unchanging optimism and enthusiasm supported his colleagues and students. He was selfless in helping his friends. Sasha died whilst at the peak point of his creative power. His death is an irretrievable loss for his colleagues and for non-linear science as a whole. We will never forget him, and we believe that his scientific achievements will never be forgotten. On behalf of Sasha's colleagues and friends, Alexander Nepomnyashchy, Haifa, Israel 20 Dec 2008 In Memoriam of Alexei M Oparin (1964-2008) Alexei (Lesha) Oparin passed away on 4 December 2008. Alexei graduated from the Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology in 1987, received his PhD at Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics in 1996, and, after training at the Max Plank Institute for Quantum Optics in Germany, worked at the Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where he became the chair of the Department of Numerical Methods and Turbulence. He built the Department so that in a short period of time it grew from 3 to 15 scientists and became one of the leading centers in Russia in numerical modeling of turbulent flows. In Lesha's works, his talent was combined with the academic depth and the breadth of his scientific interests. Lesha's scientific heritage covers many fields of computational physics, including ignition and burn of deuterium-tritium fuel for the inertial confinement fusion; the flow of matter induced by ultra-short laser impulse; the exact expansion law for the Richtmyer-Meshkov turbulent mixing zone; growth-rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for nuclear fusion; temperature and entropy separation in the Ranque-Hilsch tube; tornado origination from mezzo-cycle; turbulent nature of Jupiter spot; secondary vortex of the gas centrifuge; cascade of instabilities in Couette flow. One of these works is published in this issue. What make it necessary to get the flow rolled up in zones of high gradients? Why do we have to restrict ourselves to the Reynolds number only, rather than to follow the experiment and get more parameters for stability? Where are the nuts and bolts of the turbulence? Many of these investigations were initiated and led by Lesha, and were based on his ability to identify the essence of the challenging problems and to formulate and address the right questions with mathematical elegance and physical intuition. A lot of work has been done by Lesha. Other problems remain to be solved, to our deep sorrow without him. Lesha was an extraordinary personality. His professionalism, strength of mind and kindness were a source of enthusiasm for his colleagues and students. Lesha_s early death is an irreplaceable loss. We will always remember him, and his scientific results and achievements will serve as the origin of ideas and inspiration for computational scientists. Sergei I Anisimov, Nail A Inogamov, Oleg M Belotserkovskii and Oleg Troshkin Moscow, Russia 21 Dec 2008

  6. Speed of Gravity Measured for First Time

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    2003-01-01

    Taking advantage of a rare cosmic alignment, scientists have made the first measurement of the speed at which the force of gravity propagates, giving a numerical value to one of the last unmeasured fundamental constants of physics. "Newton thought that gravity's force was instantaneous. Einstein assumed that it moved at the speed of light, but until now, no one had measured it," said Sergei Kopeikin, a physicist at the University of Missouri-Columbia. VLA Image of Jupiter VLA Image of Jupiter CREDIT: NRAO/AUI/NSF "We have determined that gravity's propagation speed is equal to the speed of light within an accuracy of 20 percent," said Ed Fomalont, an astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville, VA. The scientists presented their findings to the American Astronomical Society's meeting in Seattle, WA. The landmark measurement is important to physicists working on unified field theories that attempt to combine particle physics with Einstein's general theory of relativity and electromagnetic theory. "Our measurement puts some strong limits on the theories that propose extra dimensions, such as superstring theory and brane theories," Kopeikin said. "Knowing the speed of gravity can provide an important test of the existence and compactness of these extra dimensions," he added. Superstring theory proposes that the fundamental particles of nature are not pointlike, but rather incredibly small loops or strings, whose properties are determined by different modes of vibration. Branes (a word derived from membranes) are multidimensional surfaces, and some current physical theories propose space-time branes embedded to five dimensions. The scientists used the National Science Foundation's Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), a continent-wide radio-telescope system, along with the 100-meter radio telescope in Effelsberg, Germany, to make an extremely precise observation when the planet Jupiter passed nearly in front of a bright quasar on September 8, 2002. The observation recorded a very slight "bending" of the radio waves coming from the background quasar by the gravitational effect of Jupiter. The bending resulted in a small change in the quasar's apparent position in the sky. "Because Jupiter is moving around the Sun, the precise amount of the bending depends slightly on the speed at which gravity propagates from Jupiter," Kopeikin said. Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System, only passes closely enough to the path of radio waves from a suitably bright quasar about once a decade for such a measurement to be made, the scientists said. The once-in-a-decade celestial alignment was the last in a chain of events that made measuring the speed of gravity possible. The others included a chance meeting of the two scientists in 1996, a breakthrough in theoretical physics and the development of specialized techniques that enabled the extremely precise measurement to be made. Quasar J0842+1835 Quasar J0842+1835, VLBA Image CREDIT: NRAO/AUI/NSF "No one had tried to measure the speed of gravity before because most physicists had assumed that the only way to do so was to detect gravitational waves," Kopeikin recalled. However, in 1999, Kopeikin extended Einstein's theory to include the gravitational effects of a moving body on light and radio waves. The effects depended on the speed of gravity. He realized that if Jupiter moved nearly in front of a star or radio source, he could test his theory. Kopeikin studied the predicted orbit of Jupiter for the next 30 years and discovered that the giant planet would pass closely enough in front of the quasar J0842+1835 in 2002. However, he quickly realized that the effect on the quasar's apparent position in the sky attributable to the speed of gravity would be so small that the only observational technique capable of measuring it was Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the technique embodied in the VLBA. Kopeikin then contacted Fomalont, a leading expert in VLBI and an experienced VLBA observer. "I immediately realized the importance of an experiment that could make the first measurement of a fundamental constant of nature," Fomalont said. "I decided that we had to give this our best shot," he added. To get the required level of precision, the two scientists added the Effelsberg telescope to their observation. The wider the separation between two radio-telescope antennas, the greater is the resolving power, or ability to see fine detail, achievable. The VLBA includes antennas on Hawaii, the continental United States, and St. Croix in the Caribbean. An antenna on the other side of the Atlantic added even more resolving power. "We had to make a measurement with about three times more accuracy than anyone had ever done, but we knew, in principle, that it could be done," Fomalont said. The scientists tested and refined their techniques in "dry runs," then waited for Jupiter to make its pass in front of the quasar. The wait included considerable nail-biting. Equipment failure, bad weather, or an electromagnetic storm on Jupiter itself could have sabotaged the observation. However, luck held out and the scientists' observations at a radio frequency of 8 GigaHertz produced enough good data to make their measurement. They achieved a precision equal to the width of a human hair seen from 250 miles away. "Our main goal was to rule out an infinite speed for gravity, and we did even better. We now know that the speed of gravity is probably equal to the speed of light, and we can confidently exclude any speed for gravity that is over twice that of light," Fomalont said. Most scientists, Kopeikin said, will be relieved that the speed of gravity is consistent with the speed of light. "I believe this experiment sheds new light on fundamentals of general relativity and represents the first of many more studies and observations of gravitation which are currently possible because of the enormously high precision of VLBI. We have a lot more to learn about this intriguing cosmic force and its relationship to the other forces in nature," Kopeikin said. This is not the first time that Jupiter has played a part in producing a measurement of a fundamental physical constant. In 1675, Olaf Roemer, a Danish astronomer working at the Paris Observatory, made the first reasonably accurate determination of the speed of light by observing eclipses of one of Jupiter's moons. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.

  7. INTRODUCTION Outline of Round Tables Outline of Round Tables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abarzhi, Snezhana I.; Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.

    2010-12-01

    The Second International Conference and Advanced School 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', TMB-2009, was held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, (ICTP), Trieste, Italy on 27 July-7 August 2009. TMB-2009 united over 180 participants ranging from students to members of the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, and including researchers at experienced and early stages of their carriers from leading scientific institutions in academia, national laboratories, corporations and industry worldwide. Responding to the community's inquiry and reaffirming the practices established at TMB-2007, two Round Tables were organized for the participants of TMB-2009 on 30 July 2009 and 6 August 2009 in the Oppenheimer Room at the Centre. The goals of the Round Tables were to encourage the information exchange among the members of the interdisciplinary and international TMB community, promote discussions regarding the state-of-the-art in TMB-related scientific areas, identify directions for frontier research, and articulate recommendations for future developments. This article is a summary of the collective work of the Round Table participants (listed alphabetically below by their last names), whose contributions form its substance and, as such, are greatly appreciated. Abarzhi, Snezhana I (University of Chicago, USA) Andrews, Malcolm (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) Belotserkovskii, Oleg (Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) Bershadskii, Alexander (ICAR, Israel) Brandenburg, Axel (Nordita, Denmark) Chumakov, Sergei (Stanford University, USA) Desai, Tara (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy) Galperin, Boris (University of South Florida, USA) Gauthier, Serge (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) Gekelman, Walter (University of California at Los Angeles, USA) Gibson, Carl (University of California at San Diego, USA) Goddard III, William A (California Institute of Technology, USA) Grinstein, Fernando (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) Gupta, Anupam (Indian Institute of Science, India) Hazak, Giora (Negev Nuclear Research Center, Israel) Jayakumar, J S (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India) Kaneda, Yukio (Nagoya University, Japan) Klimenko, Alexander Y (University of Queensland, Australia) Krommes, John A (Princeton University, USA) Lvov, Victor (Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel) Meshram, Mayoordhwaj (Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, India) Minnini, Pablo (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) Mukund, Vasudevan (Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India) Nadiga, Balu (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) Nepomnyaschy, Alexander (Technion, Israel) Niemela, Joseph J (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy) Nishihara, Katsunobu (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Japan) Orlov, Sergei S (Stanford University and InPhase Technologies, USA) Petrosyan, Arakel (Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) Pouquet, Annick (National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA) Procaccia, Itamar (Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel) Pudritz, Ralph E (McMaster University, Canada) Pullin, Dale (California Institute of Technology, USA) Sreenivasan, Katepalli R (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy) Sukoriansky, Semion (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel) Thornber, B (Cranfield University, UK) van Duin, Adri (Pennsylvania State University, USA) Velikovich, Alexander (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) Williams, Robin (Atomic Weapons Establishment, UK) Youngs, David L (Atomic Weapons Establishment, UK) Zweibel, Ellen (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) Based of suggestions of the TMB invited speakers, lecturers and Scientific Advisory Committee members, a number of key issues were selected for in-depth discussion at the Round Tables. Specifically, participants of the Round Tables considered similarities and differences between "canonical" and "non-canonical" turbulent processes, identified problems which are most appealing to a broad international and interdisciplinary TMB community, focused on selecting quantitative criteria for the estimation of the quality and information capacity of experimental and numerical data sets, and outlined the needs and requirements for the TMB cyber-infrastructure. Upon intense discussions, participants of the Round Table agreed that it is still unclear if Kolmogorov turbulence is an observable physical phenomenon. Even for canonical (e.g. local, isotropic and homogeneous) turbulent flows the corrections to Kolmogorov theory are essential to incorporate. Several definitions of canonical turbulence were considered. It was noted that in a vast variety of realistic problems (under high and low energy density conditions from microscopic to astrophysical scales) the flow conditions depart from the assumptions of Kolmogorov theory. It is uncertain whether these distinctions can be completely accounted for with some higher-order corrections to Kolmogorov theory, whether such corrections are "continuous" or "singular", and whether their quantitative influence on the values of observables in a given parameter regime is small. It was stressed that in experiments on canonical turbulence the conditions of isotropy, locality and homogeneity are hard to achieve. Numerical simulations can open exciting avenues for accurate studies of fundamental theoretical issues provided their accuracy and dynamic range, requiring computations of peta-scale and higher levels, are satisfactory. Participants of the Round Table stressed that realistic turbulent processes depart from classical scenarios. They are characterized by sharp gradients of pressure and density, and may be subject to spatially varying and time-dependent acceleration, rotation and shocks, and are often influenced by diffusion of species, heat release and changes in chemical composition. Their sensitivity to details and transient character of the dynamics impose constraints on the accuracy and spatio-temporal resolution of the measurements of the flow quantities as well as on the data acquisition rate. It was emphasized that theoretical, experimental and numerical descriptions of non-equilibrium turbulent processes require innovative approaches, going well beyond classical statistically steady considerations. TMB-related problems, from atomistic to astrophysical scales, under high and low energy density conditions, have in common a set of outstanding scientific issues. Their solution has the potential to provide paradigm-shifting advances in a variety of disciplines in science, technology and mathematics. The participants discussed at length a set of characteristic problems that would be deep enough and specific enough to represent a variety of TMB themes. As the most appealing to the broad TMB community, the following problems were selected: hydrodynamic instabilities in plasmas, fluids and materials, including interfacial instabilities of Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmyer-Meshkov, Landau-Darrieus, and magneto-rotational types; interactions of eddies and structures with waves and the relationship between discrete and continuous spectra, especially for astrophysical and geophysical flows and atmosphere; dynamics of plasmas and magneto-hydrodynamics under high and low energy density conditions; connection of kinetic processes to dynamics of continuous media under non-equilibrium conditions from atomistic to macro scales beyond the limits of the quasistatic Boltzmann equation with an emphasis on reactive flows and material science; Lagrangian versus Eulerian descriptions, including flow-particle interactions and environmental problems; unsteady flows and multi-phase flows in aeronautics and aerodynamics, including non-canonical boundary layers, hypersonic and supersonic flows, and shock-turbulence interaction; mathematical aspects, including modeling of statistically unsteady processes and understanding structure of solutions for partial differential equations with discontinuities. Given the broad scope of these problems the necessity to focus on the quality of research and to maintain the information flux in the TMB community was emphasized. The connection between experiments and simulations was discussed as well, and the discussion included consideration of qualitative differences between experimental and numerical data sets. Experimental data are more informative about physical processes, whereas simulations sample from a model requiring validation. At the same time, simulations can track all the predetermined field quantities, while experiments can only measure some. The participants noted that experiments and simulations complement each other in the research process. A substantial part of modern discoveries is provided by state-of-the-art experimental capabilities in plasmas, optics, astrophysics and technologies, including "qualitative" (the exploration of novel parameter regimes) and "quantitative" properties (the enhancement in diagnostics). Advances in large-scale numerical simulations have enabled studies of phenomena previously inaccessible for research (for instance, in astrophysics, geophysics, combustion and material science) and provided the community with invaluable expertise in how to operate, process, analyze and interpret massive data sets, in addition to offering opportunities to test theoretical hypotheses and explore parameter regimes. It was emphasized that it is necessary to share across the disciplines the information on novel experimental and computational approaches, and on the new data-visualization and data processing methodologies. The participants agreed that further development and organization of the TMB community is necessary. They emphasized that a collaborative effort is required to achieve success in the solution of the highly fascinating problem of non-equilibrium dynamics. The strong aspects of the TMB community are that it is interdisciplinary and international, and that it is focused on high-quality fundamental research and may provide an impetus for technology from nuclear fusion to optical telecommunications. Participants requested the Organizing Committee to contact National Academies of Sciences (USA, Russia, Japan, Canada, Australia, European Union and India) and national funding agencies with an inquiry to launch a decade of study. Two suggestions were made: 1) identify what might be a single representative problem "appealing to mankind" and, more importantly, 2) outline what the TMB community, which has already demonstrated high-quality results and strong potential for innovative research, can offer to the scientific community at large. The Organizing Committee was also asked to launch and develop a collaborative computing environment for sharing data and methods of their analysis in the TMB community. The goal of the environment is to provide an infrastructure and serve to elaborate quantitative criteria for the estimations of the quality and information capacity of experimental and numerical data sets and for the evaluation of predictive capabilities of theories and models. A few specific aspects of TMB-related problems were considered on numerical simulations, experiments, theory and fundamentals, and the transformation of data to knowledge. Regarding numerical simulations, it was emphasized that one of important directions for future numerical simulations is the development of the subgrid models that not only accommodate assumptions of canonical approaches but also reflect the most recent advances in theory, rigorous mathematical description and experimental studies of fundamental properties of non-equilibrium turbulent dynamics. Proper subgrid models may help capture the coupling of multi-scale and multi-physics processes in a system with a proper level of coarseness. The necessity to perform a "heroic" direct numerical simulation, governed by advanced theory of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, for a variety of Schmidt numbers, as well as that of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, was emphasized. Regarding experiments, the role of experiments in modern day research was discussed in depth. The role of experiments was seen by participants as critical in (1) the exploration of new parameter regimes and (2) the advancement in diagnostics. It was mentioned that in a carefully designed experiment detailed space-time measurements of a number of quantities (flow, magnetic fields, currents, etc) are now possible, thus enabling and encouraging direct links between experiment, simulations and theory. Regarding diagnostic approaches, a necessity to develop methods capable of monitoring "fields" (currently linear tracers or snapshot images) was highlighted. Regarding theory and fundamentals, the participants discussed the necessity to comprehend the connection of continuous dynamics to transport processes at atomistic and molecular scales under conditions of non-equilibrium. Participants agreed that understanding the limitations of Navier-Stokes and Euler equations and physical kinetics as well as the comprehension of links between these descriptions are the missing crucial points requiring intense research. A necessity for further interaction within the community regarding these problems was emphasized. The problem of shock-turbulence interactions was added to the list of problems discussed earlier (i.e. rotation, eddies and waves, MHD, astrophysical applications, Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, etc). Regarding transforming data to knowledge, an important issue raised was the manner in which problems of concern to the TMB community could be useful to other fields and communities. The development and sharing of research tools and TMB expertise was considered a required part of research. The participants agreed that for non-equilibrium processes, complexity and simplicity are "mixed" due to their non-locality and statistical unsteadiness. They emphasized a necessity to strengthen links between experiments, simulations and theories and to augment these links with modern approaches in statistics, stochastic processes and data analysis. They further noted that the TMB community has a proven record of first-rate expertise in solving formidable and long-standing scientific problems, and discussed at length how to use this expertise in educational programs for graduate and professional education in science, mathematics and technology, and in other community outreach programs. The Round Tables put forward the following action items for the TMB Organizing Committee. (1) In close interaction with participants of TMB-2007 and TMB-2009, the Organizing Committee was requested to finalize a list of a few representative problems [deep enough and specific enough] useful for a variety of TMB-related themes. (2) The Organizing Committee was requested to organize a collaborative computing environment to maintain the information flux in the community, to share research tools, methodologies and data, including application of modern computational approaches for data sharing, annotation, transfer, analysis and visualization. The goal of the environment is to provide an infrastructure and to enhance quantitative criteria estimating the quality and information capacity of experimental and numerical data sets, and for the evaluation of predictive capabilities of theories and models. (3) The participants recommended contacting funding agencies with a pre-proposal (white paper) for the community project, and the National Academies of Sciences with a proposal to launch a decade of study of non-equilibrium turbulent processes. (4) The Organising Committee was requested to organize the 3rd International Conference 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', TMBW-2011, in the summer of 2011. To summarize, non-canonical turbulent processes are most representative processes in natural and artificial systems. These processes are characterized by non-equilibrium heat and mass transports, strong gradients of pressure and density, are subjected to acceleration and rotation and are statistically unsteady. These flows are crucial to study in order to understand and extend the range of applicability of traditional statistically steady approaches, and to capture the essentials of a wide range of phenomena from atomistic to astrophysical scales, under both high and low energy density conditions. The solutions of TMB-related problems have a potential to provide paradigm-shifting advances in a variety of disciplines in science, technology and mathematics.

  8. WE-G-213-01: Roentgen and the Birth of Modern Medical Physics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sprawls, P.

    Roentgen and the Birth of Modern Medical Physics – Perry Sprawls Wilhelm Roentgen is well known for his discovery of x-radiation. What is less known and appreciated is his intensive research following the discovery to determine the characteristics of the “new kind of radiation” and demonstrate its great value for medical purposes. In this presentation we will imagine ourselves in Roentgen’s mind and follow his thinking, including questions and doubts, as he designs and conducts a series of innovative experiments that provided the foundation for the rapid growth of medical physics. Learning Objectives: Become familiar with the personal characteristics andmore » work of Prof. Roentgen that establishes him as an inspiring model for the medical physics profession. Observe the thought process and experiments that determined and demonstrated the comprehensive characteristics of x-radiation. The AAPM Award Eponyms: William D. Coolidge, Edith H. Quimby, and Marvin M.D. Williams - Who were they and what did they do? – Lawrence N. Rothenberg William David Coolidge (1873–1975) William Coolidge was born in Hudson, NY in 1873. He obtained his BS at the Massacusetts Institute of Technology in 1896. Coolidge then went to the University of Leipzig, Germany for graduate study with physicists Paul Drude and Gustave Wiedemann and received a Ph.D. in 1899. While in Germany he met Wilhelm Roentgen. Coolidge returned to the US to teach at MIT where he was associated with Arthur A. Noyes of the Chemistry Department, working on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions. Willis R. Whitney, under whom Coolidge had worked before going to Germany, became head of the newly formed General Electric Research Laboratory and he invited Coolidge to work with him. In 1905, Coolidge joined the staff of the GE laboratory and was associated with it for the remainder of his life. He developed ductile tungsten filaments to replace fragile carbon filaments as the material for electric light bulb filaments. Until that innovation light bulbs had a notoriously short life. He later incorporated the ductile tungsten as a filament material for a hot cathode, fully evacuated x-ray tube, first described in 1912, which allowed higher current and x-ray output, and greater reliability than had previously been possible. These “Coolidge x-ray tubes” were far superior to the cold cathode, partial pressure gas x-ray tubes that had been in use since Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in 1895. The Coolidge tube with incremental developments is now the key component for x-ray production in all of our modern x-ray imaging devices, such as CT scanners, interventional radiology systems, and mammography units. Coolidge was also involved in the development of sectional x-ray tubes for research and treatment that were initially designed to reach 800 kV. Additional improvements led to 1 MV and 2 MV devices. In 1932 Coolidge became director of the General Electric Research Laboratory, and in 1940, was made Vice-President and Director of Research. In 1945 he retired and was named Director Emeritus of the laboratory. Coolidge held 83 patents and was recognized for these and many other achievements by election to the National Academy of Engineers, a place in the Engineering Hall of Fame and the National Inventor’s Hall of Fame. The AAPM’s highest honor, the Coolidge Award, was named after him. He accepted Honorary Membership in the AAPM and was the first recipient of the AAPM Coolidge Award, which was presented to him in a special ceremony in Schenectady, NY in 1972 when he was 100 years old. Edith Hinckley Quimby (1891–1982) Edith Quimby was born in Rockford, IL in 1891. She graduated from Whitman College in Walla Walla, WA with a B.S. in 1913, and then obtained a masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley. Later in her career, after many significant achievements, Quimby was awarded honorary doctorates by Whitman College and Rutgers University. Edith Quimby was hired by Giacchino Failla as a radiation physicist at Memorial Hospital for Cancer in New York City. Failla had studied with Madame Curie and obtained his doctoral degree in her laboratory. After many groundbreaking medical physics studies from 1919 until 1942, they both moved to Columbia University. Dr. Quimby developed a widely employed dosimetry system for single plane implants with radium and radon seeds, and a dosimetry methodology for internal radionuclides. She was author of more than 75 scientific publications, and of significant textbooks including the first comprehensive physics textbook for radiologists “Physical Foundations of Radiology”, which was co-authored with Otto Glasser, Lauriston Taylor and James Weatherwax in the first edition, with Russell Morgan added for the second edition and Paul Goodwin for the fourth edition. With Sergei Feitelberg, M.D. she published two editions of “Radioactive Isotopes in Medicine and Biology: Basic Physics and Instrumentation”. Quimby became a renowned examiner for the American Board of Radiology when the third ABR examination, given in 1936, added physics. She served as President of the American Radium Society, received the RSNA Gold Medal, and also numerous prestigious awards given to women in science. Edith Quimby was a Charter Member of AAPM. The AAPM Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed the Edith H. Quimby Lifetime Achievement Award in her honor in 2011. Marvin Martin Dixon Williams (1902–1981) Marvin Williams was born in Walla Walla, WA in 1902, and attended the same college as Edith Quimby, graduating from Whitman College in 1926. He was greatly influenced to go into medical physics by her accomplishments. During his early career, Williams worked with James Weatherwax in Philadelphia while he was working toward an M.S. from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1931 Williams was awarded a Ph.D. in Biophysics from the University of Minnesota, with the work actually performed at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of the University. While completing his Ph.D. studies, Marvin met Dr. Paul Hodges who had returned from the Peiping Union Medical College in Peiping (now Beijing), China. Hodges suggested that a physicist be sent to Peiping to install x-ray therapy equipment and a radon plant. Williams accepted the position and, in 1931, he and his wife Orpha left for China. Before going to China, Williams had spent time with the physics group at Memorial Hospital to learn about the operation of a radon plant. In China, he constructed the radon plant, employing 0.25 g of radium, and also installed the x-ray therapy unit. Williams and his wife returned to the US in 1935, and he accepted a research position at the Mayo Clinic. In 1950, he became Professor of Biophysics at Mayo, where he taught physics and biophysics until his retirement in 1967. Williams was also very active in the American Board of Radiology where, from 1944 through 1977, he examined over 3000 radiologists and 250 physicists. Marvin Williams was a Charter member of AAPM, served as the fourth President of AAPM in 1963, and was the fourth recipient the AAPM Coolidge Award in 1975. The Marvin Williams Award was originally established as the highest award of the American College of Medical Physics. When various functions of the ACMP were absorbed into the AAPM in 2012, the Marvin M D Williams Professional Achievement Award became one of the AAPM’s highest honors. Learning Objectives: Become familiar with the persons in whose honor the three major AAPM Award are named Learn about the achievements and activities which influenced the AAPM to name these awards in their honor.« less

  9. WE-G-213-02: The AAPM Award Eponyms: William D. Coolidge, Edith H. Quimby, and Marvin M.D. Williams - Who Were They and What Did They Do?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rothenberg, L.

    Roentgen and the Birth of Modern Medical Physics – Perry Sprawls Wilhelm Roentgen is well known for his discovery of x-radiation. What is less known and appreciated is his intensive research following the discovery to determine the characteristics of the “new kind of radiation” and demonstrate its great value for medical purposes. In this presentation we will imagine ourselves in Roentgen’s mind and follow his thinking, including questions and doubts, as he designs and conducts a series of innovative experiments that provided the foundation for the rapid growth of medical physics. Learning Objectives: Become familiar with the personal characteristics andmore » work of Prof. Roentgen that establishes him as an inspiring model for the medical physics profession. Observe the thought process and experiments that determined and demonstrated the comprehensive characteristics of x-radiation. The AAPM Award Eponyms: William D. Coolidge, Edith H. Quimby, and Marvin M.D. Williams - Who were they and what did they do? – Lawrence N. Rothenberg William David Coolidge (1873–1975) William Coolidge was born in Hudson, NY in 1873. He obtained his BS at the Massacusetts Institute of Technology in 1896. Coolidge then went to the University of Leipzig, Germany for graduate study with physicists Paul Drude and Gustave Wiedemann and received a Ph.D. in 1899. While in Germany he met Wilhelm Roentgen. Coolidge returned to the US to teach at MIT where he was associated with Arthur A. Noyes of the Chemistry Department, working on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions. Willis R. Whitney, under whom Coolidge had worked before going to Germany, became head of the newly formed General Electric Research Laboratory and he invited Coolidge to work with him. In 1905, Coolidge joined the staff of the GE laboratory and was associated with it for the remainder of his life. He developed ductile tungsten filaments to replace fragile carbon filaments as the material for electric light bulb filaments. Until that innovation light bulbs had a notoriously short life. He later incorporated the ductile tungsten as a filament material for a hot cathode, fully evacuated x-ray tube, first described in 1912, which allowed higher current and x-ray output, and greater reliability than had previously been possible. These “Coolidge x-ray tubes” were far superior to the cold cathode, partial pressure gas x-ray tubes that had been in use since Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in 1895. The Coolidge tube with incremental developments is now the key component for x-ray production in all of our modern x-ray imaging devices, such as CT scanners, interventional radiology systems, and mammography units. Coolidge was also involved in the development of sectional x-ray tubes for research and treatment that were initially designed to reach 800 kV. Additional improvements led to 1 MV and 2 MV devices. In 1932 Coolidge became director of the General Electric Research Laboratory, and in 1940, was made Vice-President and Director of Research. In 1945 he retired and was named Director Emeritus of the laboratory. Coolidge held 83 patents and was recognized for these and many other achievements by election to the National Academy of Engineers, a place in the Engineering Hall of Fame and the National Inventor’s Hall of Fame. The AAPM’s highest honor, the Coolidge Award, was named after him. He accepted Honorary Membership in the AAPM and was the first recipient of the AAPM Coolidge Award, which was presented to him in a special ceremony in Schenectady, NY in 1972 when he was 100 years old. Edith Hinckley Quimby (1891–1982) Edith Quimby was born in Rockford, IL in 1891. She graduated from Whitman College in Walla Walla, WA with a B.S. in 1913, and then obtained a masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley. Later in her career, after many significant achievements, Quimby was awarded honorary doctorates by Whitman College and Rutgers University. Edith Quimby was hired by Giacchino Failla as a radiation physicist at Memorial Hospital for Cancer in New York City. Failla had studied with Madame Curie and obtained his doctoral degree in her laboratory. After many groundbreaking medical physics studies from 1919 until 1942, they both moved to Columbia University. Dr. Quimby developed a widely employed dosimetry system for single plane implants with radium and radon seeds, and a dosimetry methodology for internal radionuclides. She was author of more than 75 scientific publications, and of significant textbooks including the first comprehensive physics textbook for radiologists “Physical Foundations of Radiology”, which was co-authored with Otto Glasser, Lauriston Taylor and James Weatherwax in the first edition, with Russell Morgan added for the second edition and Paul Goodwin for the fourth edition. With Sergei Feitelberg, M.D. she published two editions of “Radioactive Isotopes in Medicine and Biology: Basic Physics and Instrumentation”. Quimby became a renowned examiner for the American Board of Radiology when the third ABR examination, given in 1936, added physics. She served as President of the American Radium Society, received the RSNA Gold Medal, and also numerous prestigious awards given to women in science. Edith Quimby was a Charter Member of AAPM. The AAPM Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed the Edith H. Quimby Lifetime Achievement Award in her honor in 2011. Marvin Martin Dixon Williams (1902–1981) Marvin Williams was born in Walla Walla, WA in 1902, and attended the same college as Edith Quimby, graduating from Whitman College in 1926. He was greatly influenced to go into medical physics by her accomplishments. During his early career, Williams worked with James Weatherwax in Philadelphia while he was working toward an M.S. from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1931 Williams was awarded a Ph.D. in Biophysics from the University of Minnesota, with the work actually performed at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of the University. While completing his Ph.D. studies, Marvin met Dr. Paul Hodges who had returned from the Peiping Union Medical College in Peiping (now Beijing), China. Hodges suggested that a physicist be sent to Peiping to install x-ray therapy equipment and a radon plant. Williams accepted the position and, in 1931, he and his wife Orpha left for China. Before going to China, Williams had spent time with the physics group at Memorial Hospital to learn about the operation of a radon plant. In China, he constructed the radon plant, employing 0.25 g of radium, and also installed the x-ray therapy unit. Williams and his wife returned to the US in 1935, and he accepted a research position at the Mayo Clinic. In 1950, he became Professor of Biophysics at Mayo, where he taught physics and biophysics until his retirement in 1967. Williams was also very active in the American Board of Radiology where, from 1944 through 1977, he examined over 3000 radiologists and 250 physicists. Marvin Williams was a Charter member of AAPM, served as the fourth President of AAPM in 1963, and was the fourth recipient the AAPM Coolidge Award in 1975. The Marvin Williams Award was originally established as the highest award of the American College of Medical Physics. When various functions of the ACMP were absorbed into the AAPM in 2012, the Marvin M D Williams Professional Achievement Award became one of the AAPM’s highest honors. Learning Objectives: Become familiar with the persons in whose honor the three major AAPM Award are named Learn about the achievements and activities which influenced the AAPM to name these awards in their honor.« less

  10. WE-G-213-00: History Symposium: Radiological Physics Pioneers: Roentgen and the AAPM Award Eponyms - William Coolidge, Edith Quimby, and Marvin Williams - Who Were They and What Did They Do?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    Roentgen and the Birth of Modern Medical Physics – Perry Sprawls Wilhelm Roentgen is well known for his discovery of x-radiation. What is less known and appreciated is his intensive research following the discovery to determine the characteristics of the “new kind of radiation” and demonstrate its great value for medical purposes. In this presentation we will imagine ourselves in Roentgen’s mind and follow his thinking, including questions and doubts, as he designs and conducts a series of innovative experiments that provided the foundation for the rapid growth of medical physics. Learning Objectives: Become familiar with the personal characteristics andmore » work of Prof. Roentgen that establishes him as an inspiring model for the medical physics profession. Observe the thought process and experiments that determined and demonstrated the comprehensive characteristics of x-radiation. The AAPM Award Eponyms: William D. Coolidge, Edith H. Quimby, and Marvin M.D. Williams - Who were they and what did they do? – Lawrence N. Rothenberg William David Coolidge (1873–1975) William Coolidge was born in Hudson, NY in 1873. He obtained his BS at the Massacusetts Institute of Technology in 1896. Coolidge then went to the University of Leipzig, Germany for graduate study with physicists Paul Drude and Gustave Wiedemann and received a Ph.D. in 1899. While in Germany he met Wilhelm Roentgen. Coolidge returned to the US to teach at MIT where he was associated with Arthur A. Noyes of the Chemistry Department, working on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions. Willis R. Whitney, under whom Coolidge had worked before going to Germany, became head of the newly formed General Electric Research Laboratory and he invited Coolidge to work with him. In 1905, Coolidge joined the staff of the GE laboratory and was associated with it for the remainder of his life. He developed ductile tungsten filaments to replace fragile carbon filaments as the material for electric light bulb filaments. Until that innovation light bulbs had a notoriously short life. He later incorporated the ductile tungsten as a filament material for a hot cathode, fully evacuated x-ray tube, first described in 1912, which allowed higher current and x-ray output, and greater reliability than had previously been possible. These “Coolidge x-ray tubes” were far superior to the cold cathode, partial pressure gas x-ray tubes that had been in use since Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in 1895. The Coolidge tube with incremental developments is now the key component for x-ray production in all of our modern x-ray imaging devices, such as CT scanners, interventional radiology systems, and mammography units. Coolidge was also involved in the development of sectional x-ray tubes for research and treatment that were initially designed to reach 800 kV. Additional improvements led to 1 MV and 2 MV devices. In 1932 Coolidge became director of the General Electric Research Laboratory, and in 1940, was made Vice-President and Director of Research. In 1945 he retired and was named Director Emeritus of the laboratory. Coolidge held 83 patents and was recognized for these and many other achievements by election to the National Academy of Engineers, a place in the Engineering Hall of Fame and the National Inventor’s Hall of Fame. The AAPM’s highest honor, the Coolidge Award, was named after him. He accepted Honorary Membership in the AAPM and was the first recipient of the AAPM Coolidge Award, which was presented to him in a special ceremony in Schenectady, NY in 1972 when he was 100 years old. Edith Hinckley Quimby (1891–1982) Edith Quimby was born in Rockford, IL in 1891. She graduated from Whitman College in Walla Walla, WA with a B.S. in 1913, and then obtained a masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley. Later in her career, after many significant achievements, Quimby was awarded honorary doctorates by Whitman College and Rutgers University. Edith Quimby was hired by Giacchino Failla as a radiation physicist at Memorial Hospital for Cancer in New York City. Failla had studied with Madame Curie and obtained his doctoral degree in her laboratory. After many groundbreaking medical physics studies from 1919 until 1942, they both moved to Columbia University. Dr. Quimby developed a widely employed dosimetry system for single plane implants with radium and radon seeds, and a dosimetry methodology for internal radionuclides. She was author of more than 75 scientific publications, and of significant textbooks including the first comprehensive physics textbook for radiologists “Physical Foundations of Radiology”, which was co-authored with Otto Glasser, Lauriston Taylor and James Weatherwax in the first edition, with Russell Morgan added for the second edition and Paul Goodwin for the fourth edition. With Sergei Feitelberg, M.D. she published two editions of “Radioactive Isotopes in Medicine and Biology: Basic Physics and Instrumentation”. Quimby became a renowned examiner for the American Board of Radiology when the third ABR examination, given in 1936, added physics. She served as President of the American Radium Society, received the RSNA Gold Medal, and also numerous prestigious awards given to women in science. Edith Quimby was a Charter Member of AAPM. The AAPM Lifetime Achievement Award was renamed the Edith H. Quimby Lifetime Achievement Award in her honor in 2011. Marvin Martin Dixon Williams (1902–1981) Marvin Williams was born in Walla Walla, WA in 1902, and attended the same college as Edith Quimby, graduating from Whitman College in 1926. He was greatly influenced to go into medical physics by her accomplishments. During his early career, Williams worked with James Weatherwax in Philadelphia while he was working toward an M.S. from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1931 Williams was awarded a Ph.D. in Biophysics from the University of Minnesota, with the work actually performed at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of the University. While completing his Ph.D. studies, Marvin met Dr. Paul Hodges who had returned from the Peiping Union Medical College in Peiping (now Beijing), China. Hodges suggested that a physicist be sent to Peiping to install x-ray therapy equipment and a radon plant. Williams accepted the position and, in 1931, he and his wife Orpha left for China. Before going to China, Williams had spent time with the physics group at Memorial Hospital to learn about the operation of a radon plant. In China, he constructed the radon plant, employing 0.25 g of radium, and also installed the x-ray therapy unit. Williams and his wife returned to the US in 1935, and he accepted a research position at the Mayo Clinic. In 1950, he became Professor of Biophysics at Mayo, where he taught physics and biophysics until his retirement in 1967. Williams was also very active in the American Board of Radiology where, from 1944 through 1977, he examined over 3000 radiologists and 250 physicists. Marvin Williams was a Charter member of AAPM, served as the fourth President of AAPM in 1963, and was the fourth recipient the AAPM Coolidge Award in 1975. The Marvin Williams Award was originally established as the highest award of the American College of Medical Physics. When various functions of the ACMP were absorbed into the AAPM in 2012, the Marvin M D Williams Professional Achievement Award became one of the AAPM’s highest honors. Learning Objectives: Become familiar with the persons in whose honor the three major AAPM Award are named Learn about the achievements and activities which influenced the AAPM to name these awards in their honor.« less

  11. 3rd International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abarzhi, Snezhana I.; Gauthier, Serge; Keane, Christopher J.; Niemela, Joseph J.

    2013-07-01

    1. Introduction 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond' (TMB) is the programme established for scientists, by scientists. It is merit-based, and is shaped by requirements of academic credentials, and novelty and quality of information. The goals of this programme are to expose the generic problem of non-equilibrium turbulent processes to a wide scientific community, to promote the development of new ideas in tackling the fundamental aspects of the problem, to assist in application of novel approaches in a broad range of phenomena, in which the turbulent processes occur, and to have a potential impact on technology. The programme was founded in 2007 with the support of the international scientific community and of the US National Science Foundation, the US Air Force Office of the Scientific Research and its European Office for Research and Development in the UK, the UNESCO-IAEA International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Italy, the Commissariat l'Energie Atomique in France, the US Department of Energy and the Department of Energy National Laboratories, the Institute for Laser Engineering in Japan, and the University of Chicago in the USA. The International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond provides opportunities to bring together researchers from the areas, which include but are not limited to, fluid dynamics, plasmas, high energy density physics, astrophysics, material science, combustion, atmospheric and earth sciences, nonlinear and statistical physics, applied mathematics, probability and statistics, data processing and computations, optics and communications, and to have their attention focused on the long-standing formidable task of non-equilibrium turbulent processes. 2. Non-equilibrium turbulent processes Non-equilibrium turbulent processes play a key role in a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from astrophysical to atomistic scales, under either high or low energy density conditions. Inertial confinement and magnetic fusion, light-matter interaction and non-equilibrium heat transfer, strong shocks and explosions, material transformation under high strain rate, supernovae and accretion discs, stellar non-Boussinesq and magneto-convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lithosphere tectonics, premixed and non-premixed combustion, non-canonical wall-bounded flows, hypersonic and supersonic boundary layers, dynamics of atmosphere and oceanography, are just a few examples to list. A grip on non-equilibrium turbulent processes is crucial for cutting-edge technology such as laser micro-machining, nano-electronics, free-space optical telecommunications and for industrial applications in the areas of aeronautics and aerodynamics. Non-equilibrium turbulent processes are anisotropic, non-local, multi-scale and multi-phase, and often are driven by shocks or acceleration. Their scaling, spectral and invariant properties differ substantially from those of classical Kolmogorov turbulence. At atomistic and meso-scales, the non-equilibrium dynamics depart dramatically from a standard scenario given by Gibbs statistic ensemble average and quasi-static Boltzmann equation. The singular aspect and the similarity of the non-equilibrium dynamics at macroscopic scales are interplayed with the fundamental properties of the Euler and compressible Navier-Stokes equations and with the problem sensitivity to the boundary conditions at discontinuities. The state-of-the-art numerical simulations of multi-phase flows suggest new methods for predictive modelling of the multi-scale non-equilibrium dynamics in fluids and plasmas, for error estimates and uncertainty quantifications, as well as for novel data assimilation techniques. 3. International Conference 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond' The First and Second International Conferences on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond found that: (i) TMB-related problems have in common a set of outstanding research issues; (ii) their solution has a potential to significantly advance a variety of disciplines in science, technology and mathematics; (iii) TMB participants conduct highly innovative research and their interactions strengthen the community's might. Based on the success of the first and second conferences and on the recommendations of the conference round table discussions, and in response to the inquiry of the community, the Third International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond was organized. The Third International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond, TMB-2011, was held on 21-28 August 2011 at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. This was a highly informative and exciting meeting, and it strengthened and reaffirmed the success of TMB-2009 and 2007. The objectives of the Third International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond were to: (i) focus the integration of theory, experiments, large-scale numerical simulations and state-of-the-art technologies on the exploration of physical mechanisms of non-equilibrium dynamics, from micro to macro-scales, in both high and low energy density regimes; (ii) foster the application of innovative approaches for tackling the fundamental aspects of turbulent mixing problems and for understanding and further extending the range of applicability of canonical considerations; (iii) encourage the development of new approaches and stimulate the application of advanced data analysis techniques for unified characterization of experimental and numerical data sets, for estimation of their quality and information capacity, and for transforming data to knowledge; (iv) further develop the 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond' community via organizing a positive and constructive collaborative environment, maintaining the quality of information flux in the community and sharing research methodologies, tools and data among the community members. The objectives were accomplished at TMB-2011. 4. Programme of TMB-2011 TMB-2011 brought together 150 participants, ranging from students to members of National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, and including researchers at experienced and early stages of their careers from leading scientific institutions in academia, national laboratories, corporations and industry, from developed and developing countries across five continents. The success of TMB-2011 consisted from the successful work of the conference participants, who were responsible professionals caring for the quality of their research and sharing their scientific vision. The level of presentations was high, and 205 presentations included about 50 invited lectures, nearly 70 oral talks (3500 min of talks in total), some 90 posters and one round table. The special course on 'Turbulence and Waves' was organized at TMB-2011 with the support of the US Office of Naval Research Global, and included nearly 40 lectures and talks (960 minutes of talks in total). TMB-2011 covered 16 different topics, maintaining the scope and the interdisciplinary character of the meeting and at the same time keeping the focus on a fundamental scientific problem of non-equilibrium processes and on the conference objectives. The topics included: • Canonical turbulent and turbulent mixing: invariant, scaling, spectral properties, scalar transports, convection. • Wall-bounded flows: structure and fundamentals, non-canonical turbulent boundary layers, including unsteady and transitional flows, supersonic and hypersonic flows, shock-boundary layer interactions. • Non-equilibrium processes: unsteady, multiphase and shock-driven turbulent flows, anisotropic non-local dynamics, connection of continuous description at macro-scales to kinetic processes at atomistic scales. • Interfacial dynamics: the instabilities of Rayleigh-Taylor, Kelvin-Helmholtz, Richtmyer-Meshkov, Landau-Darrieus, Saffmann-Taylor. • High energy density physics: inertial confinement and heavy-ion fusion, Z-pinches, light-material and laser-plasma interaction, non-equilibrium heat transfer. • Material science: material transformation under high strain rates, equation of state, impact dynamics, mixing at nano- and micro-scales. • Astrophysics: supernovae, interstellar medium, star formation, stellar interiors, early Universe, cosmic-microwave background, accretion discs. • Magneto-hydrodynamics: magnetic fusion and magnetically confined plasmas, magneto-convection, magneto-rotational instability, dynamo. • Canonical plasmas: coupled plasmas, anomalous resistance, ionosphere. • Physics of atmosphere: environmental fluid dynamics, forecasting, turbulent flows in stratified media and atmosphere. • Geophysics and Earth science: mantle-lithosphere tectonics, oceanography, turbulent convection under rotation, planetary interiors. • Combustion: dynamics of flames and fires, deflagration-to-detonation transition, blast waves and explosions, flows with chemical reactions, reactive flows in jet engines. • Theoretical aspects of non-equilibrium dynamics: vortex dynamics, singularities, discontinuities, asymptotic dynamics, weak solutions, well- and ill-posedness, continuous transports out of thermodynamic equilibrium. • Stochastic processes and probabilistic description: long-tail distributions and anomalous diffusion, data assimilation and processing methodologies, error estimate and uncertainty quantification, statistically unsteady processes. • Advanced numerical simulations: continuous DNS/LES/RANS, molecular dynamics, Monte-Carlo, predictive modelling, validation and verification of numerical models. • Experiments and experimental diagnostics: model experiments in high energy density and low energy density regimes, plasma diagnostics, fluid flow visualizations and control, opto-fluidics, novel optical method, holography, advanced technologies. The abstracts of the 207 accepted presentations of 443 authors were published in Proceedings. Abstracts. The Third International Conference 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', 21 -28 August 2011. Copyright (ISBN 92-95003-45-4). All the accepted contributions have been reviewed by the international team of 27 members of the Scientific Committee, with every contribution considered by four to eleven experts. In the majority of cases, the opinions of referees with diverse backgrounds and expertise converged. In 2011, the award 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond for Youth' was issued to Gregory P Bewley (Max Plank Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Germany) and Robert Zimmermann (Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, France) in recognition of their contributions to TMB-related scientific problems. The Best Poster Award was issued by Physica Scripta to Michael Winkler (University of Potsdam, Germany) in recognition of their poster presentation at TMB-2011. 5. Organization and acknowledgments The Third International Conference on Turbulent Mixing and Beyond was organized by the following members of the Organizing Committee: • Snezhana I Abarzhi (Chairperson, University of Chicago, USA) • Malcolm J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) • Hiroshi Azechi (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • Vladimir E Fortov (Institute for High Energy Density, Russia) • Boris Galperin (Organizer of the Special Course, University of South Florida, USA) • Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) • Christopher J Keane (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) • Joseph J Niemela (Local Organizer, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Katepalli R Sreenivasan (New York University, USA) The conference and course were sponsored by several agencies and institutions in the USA, Europe, Russia and Japan. The Organizing Committee of the TMB-2011 gratefully acknowledges support of the: • National Science Foundation (NSF), USA. Programmes: Plasma Physics; Physics Education and Interdisciplinary Research; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Applied Mathematics; Particulate and Multiphase Processes; Combustion, Fire and Plasma Systems • European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD), UK, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USA • Office of Naval Research Global, UK • Department of Energy, Office of Science, USA • US Department of Energy Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), USA. Programme: National Ignition Facility (NIF) • US Department of Energy Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), USA • US Department of Energy Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), USA • The UNESCO- IAEA International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy • Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies Alternatives (CEA), France • The University of Chicago, USA • Institute for Laser Engineering (ILE), Japan • Joint Institute for High Temperatures (JIHT) of the Academy of Sciences, Russia • Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP), UK • Physica Scripta , the journal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Science Academies and the Physical Societies of the Nordic Countries and thank them for making this event possible. We express our gratitude to the members of the Scientific Advisory Committee: • S I Abarzhi (University of Chicago, USA) • Y Aglitskiy (Science Applications International Corporation, USA) • H Azechi (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • M J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) • S I Anisimov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russia) • E Bodenschatz (Max Plank Institute, Germany) • F Cattaneo (University of Chicago, USA) • P Cvitanović (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) • S Cowley (Imperial College, UK) • S Dalziel (DAMTP, Cambridge, UK) • R Ecke (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) • H J Fernando (University of Notre Dame, USA) • Y Fukumoto (Kyushu University, Japan) • B Galperin (University of South Floorida, USA) • S Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) • W Gekelman (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) • G A Glatzmaier (University of California at Santa Cruz, USA) • J Glimm (State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA) • W A Goddard III (California Institute of Technology, USA) • F Grinstein (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) • J Jimenez (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain) • L P Kadanoff (The University of Chicago, USA) • D Q Lamb (The University of Chicago, USA) • D P Lathrop (University of Maryland, USA) • S Lebedev (Imperial College, UK) • P Manneville (Ecole Polytechnique, France) • D I Meiron (California Institute of Technology, USA) • P Moin (Stanford University, USA) • A Nepomnyashchy (Technion, Israel) • J Niemela (International Center for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • K Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • S S Orlov (Physical Optics Corporation, USA) • N Peters (RWTS, Aachen, Germany) • S B Pope (Cornell, USA) • A Pouquet (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, USA) • B A Remington (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) • R R Rosales (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA) • R Rosner (Argonne National Laboratory and University of Chicago, USA) • A J Schmitt (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) • C-W Shu (Brown University, USA) • K R Sreenivasan (New York University, USA) • E Tadmor (University of Maryland, USA) • A L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) • V Yakhot (Boston University, USA) • P K Yeung (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) • F A Williams (University of California at San Diego, USA) • E Zweibel (University of Wisconsin, USA) We deeply appreciate the work of the Members of Steering Committee for Financial Support: • Snezhana I Abarzhi (University of Chicago, USA) • Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) • Joseph J Niemela (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Walter Gekelman (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) We thank the members of the Committee for the award 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond for Youth': • Boris Galperin (University of South Florida, USA) • Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) • Joseph J Niemela (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Katsunobu Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • Katepalli R Sreenivasan (New York University, USA) We greatly acknowledge the effort and dedication of the members of the Committee for Best Poster Award: • Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) • Katsunobu Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • Annick Pouquet (National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA) • Walter Gekelman (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) • Graeme Watt (Institute of Physics, UK) We greatly appreciate the work of conference web-master Daniil V Ilyin (University of Chicago, USA). We thank for technical support: • Bhanesh Akula (Texas A & M University, USA) • Ahmad Qamar (University of Chicago, USA) We warmly acknowledge the logistics assistance of the offices and officers of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics: • Conference Support Office, and Ms Katrina Danforth and Ms Daniela Giombi • Financial Office, and Mr Andrej Michelcich and Ms Alessandra Ricci • Visa Office, and Mr Erich Jost and Mr Adriano Maggio • Housing Office, and Ms Tiziana Bottazzi and Ms Dora Photiou • Publications Office, and Mr Guido Comar and Mr Raffaele Corona • Computer Office, and Dr Johannes Grassberger • Science Dissemination Unit, and Dr Enrique Canessa, Dr. Carlo Fonda and Dr Marco Zennaro We gratefully appreciate the support of the members of the Programme Coordination Board: • Snezhana I Abarzhi (University of Chicago, USA) • Malcolm J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) • Sergei I Anisimov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russia) • Hiroshi Azechi (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • Vladimir E Fortov (Institute for High Energy Density, Russia) • Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) • Christopher J Keane (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) • Joseph J Niemela (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Katsunobu Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) • Sergei S Orlov (Physical Optics Corporation, USA) • Bruce Remington (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) • Robert Rosner (University of Chicago, USA) • Katepalli R Sreenivasan (New York University, USA) • Alexander L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) 6. The Topical Issue This Topical Issue consists of over 70 articles accepted for publication and represents a substantial part of the Conference contributions, including research papers, research briefs and review papers. The papers are in a broad variety of TMB-2011 themes and are sorted alphabetically by the last name of the first author within each topic. The review papers are published as 'Comments' articles in Physica Scripta . We thank all the authors and the referees for their contributions to this Topical Issue and for offering their expertise, time and effort. To conclude, the TMB programme was organized to serve to advance the state-of-the-art in understanding of fundamental physical properties of non-equilibrium turbulent processes and to have an impact on predictive modelling capabilities, physical description and, ultimately, control of these complex processes. The readers are cordially invited to take a look at this Topical Issue for information on the frontiers of theoretical, numerical and experimental research, and state-of-the-art technology. Welcome to 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond'.

  12. PREFACE: Nonlinearity and Geometry: connections with integrability Nonlinearity and Geometry: connections with integrability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cieslinski, Jan L.; Ferapontov, Eugene V.; Kitaev, Alexander V.; Nimmo, Jonathan J. C.

    2009-10-01

    Geometric ideas are present in many areas of modern theoretical physics and they are usually associated with the presence of nonlinear phenomena. Integrable nonlinear systems play a prime role both in geometry itself and in nonlinear physics. One can mention general relativity, exact solutions of the Einstein equations, string theory, Yang-Mills theory, instantons, solitons in nonlinear optics and hydrodynamics, vortex dynamics, solvable models of statistical physics, deformation quantization, and many others. Soliton theory now forms a beautiful part of mathematics with very strong physical motivations and numerous applications. Interactions between mathematics and physics associated with integrability issues are very fruitful and stimulating. For instance, spectral theories of linear quantum mechanics turned out to be crucial for studying nonlinear integrable systems. The modern theory of integrable nonlinear partial differential and difference equations, or the `theory of solitons', is deeply rooted in the achievements of outstanding geometers of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, such as Luigi Bianchi (1856-1928) and Jean Gaston Darboux (1842-1917). Transformations of surfaces and explicit constructions developed by `old' geometers were often rediscovered or reinterpreted in a modern framework. The great progress of recent years in so-called discrete geometry is certainly due to strong integrable motivations. A very remarkable feature of the results of the classical integrable geometry is the quite natural (although nontrivial) possibility of their discretization. This special issue is dedicated to Jean Gaston Darboux and his pioneering role in the development of the geometric ideas of modern soliton theory. The most famous aspects of his work are probably Darboux transformations and triply orthogonal systems of surfaces, whose role in modern mathematical physics cannot be overestimated. Indeed, Darboux transformations play a central role in soliton theory unifying continuous, discrete and quantum integrable systems. Triply orthogonal coordinates proved to be of prime importance for the modern theory of Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type and differential-geometric Poisson brackets, culminating in the construction of the rich and beautiful theory of Frobenius manifolds. The idea for this special issue developed out of the Second Workshop on Nonlinearity and Geometry, a successful conference held in the Mathematical Research and Conference Center at Będlewo, Poland, 13-19 April 2008 (http://wmii.uwm.edu.pl/˜doliwa/WNG-DD.html). However, there was an open call for papers for this issue and all contributions were peer reviewed according to the standards of the journal and taking into account their relevance to the subject of the planned issue. Among the 30 listed authors, 16 attended the conference and the remaining 14 submitted their papers in answer to this open call. The First School on Nolinearity and Geometry (`Bianchi Days') was organized by Antoni Sym and his students in 1995 at the Physics Faculty of Warsaw University, Poland. The proceedings of the workshop, edited by Daniel Wójcik and Jan Cieśliński, were published by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN (Warsaw, 1998). The Second Workshop (`Darboux Days') was organized in 2008 by Adam Doliwa and his coworkers, under the Honorary Chair of Antoni Sym, as a Banach Center Conference. Both workshops gathered around 50 participants. The purpose of these meetings was to bring together researchers with diverse backgrounds (e.g., mathematical physics and differential geometry), and to review the state of the art at the border between the two subjects: geometric inspirations in soliton theory and applications of soliton techniques in geometry. The format was designed to allow substantial time for interaction and research. The invited lectures were longer, intended to present the current trends and open problems in the fields, and to be accessible to younger researchers. It is not out of place to recall that earlier the Institute of Theoretical of Physics of Warsaw University organized two, now legendary, Jadwisin Soliton Workshops (1977 and 1979); see the short note in Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena (1980 vol. 1, issue 1, pp 159-163) written by Antoni Sym who was deeply engaged in the organization of these conferences. In scale and scope both Jadwisin workshops preceded a series of very successful NEEDS conferences. Among the celebrated participants of the Jadwisin meeetings one can find names of great importance for the history of soliton theory: Martin Kruskal, Norman Zabuski, Mark Ablowitz, David Kaup, Allan Newell, Vladimir Zakharov, Sergei Manakov, Francesco Calogero, Antonio Degasperis and Ryogo Hirota. This special issue begins with an introductory historical article in which Antoni Sym presents the most important ideas in the scientific biography of Gaston Darboux. We encourage the readers discover the greatest (scientific!) love of Darboux. This is followed by five review papers. M Błaszak and B M Szablikowski discuss the general R-matrix formalism for the construction of integrable systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom. The general theory is applied to several infinite-dimensional Lie algebras leading to new examples of dispersionless and dispersive (soliton) integrable field systems in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions. J L Cieśliński presents the Darboux-Bäcklund transformation for 1+1-dimensional integrable systems of PDEs. He compares existing approaches to the construction of multisoliton Darboux matrices, discusses the nonisospectral case and presents some new results on the linear and bilinear invariants of the Darboux-Bäcklund transformation. M Dunajski presents twistor theory as a geometric tool for solving nonlinear differential equations. Many soliton equations admit twistor interpretation in terms of holomophic vector bundles. A different approach is provided for dispersionless equations. Some integrable systems still await successful application of the twistor approach. This review, although concerned with advanced differential geometry, is quite elementary and self-contained. F Nijhoff, J Atkinson and J Hietarinta review the construction of soliton solutions for the KdV type lattice equations and derive N-soliton solutions for all lattice equations in the Adler-Bobenko-Suris list except for the generic elliptic case. The same problem is addressed in the contribution by J Hietarinta and D J Zhang based on the more traditional direct Hirota method. This leads to Casoratians and bilinear difference equations. Regular contributions include the following. H Baran and M Marvan launch a project to classify integrable classes of surfaces based on a novel deformation procedure of the equations of the embedding. This leads to a remarkable new integrable equation describing a class of Weingarten surfaces which seems to be overlooked in the literature. A Doliwa shows that the τ-function of the quadrilateral lattice can be identified with the Fredholm determinant of the integral equation inverting the nonlocal problem. This result is expected because its continuous counterpart (the case of conjugate nets, Darboux equations and the multicomponent KP hierarchy) is already known. Here one can find an explicit proof. P Gaillard and V B Matveev consider special reductions of the generic Darboux-Crum dressing procedure, leading to new formulas for Darboux-Pöschl-Teller potentials, their difference deformations and the related eigenfunctions. A Gouberman and K Leschke develop the theory of (generalized) Darboux transformations for conformal immersions of a Riemann surface into the 4-sphere. Applying this construction to the Clifford torus, they obtain a family of Willmore tori parametrized by Pythagorean triples. V Kiselev and J W van de Leur construct compatible nontrivial finite deformations of the Lie algebra structure in the symmetry algebra of the 3-component dispersionless Boussinesq-type system. T E Kouloukas and V G Papageorgiou introduce a family of nonparametric Yang-Baxter maps obtained by re-factorization of matrix polynomials of first degree. These maps are Poisson with respect to the Sklyanin bracket, and their degenerations are connected to known integrable systems on quad-graphs. S V Manakov and P M Santini apply a novel version of the inverse scattering transform based on Lax pairs in multidimensional commuting vector fields to the heavenly and Pavlov equations, establishing that their localized solutions evolve without breaking, and constructing the long-time behaviour of the corresponding Cauchy problems. Discretizations of integrable geometric models depend heavily on the coordinates used. M Nieszporski and A Sym show how to discretize Bianchi surfaces (associated with an elliptic version of the Ernst equation) in arbitrary parametrization. C Rogers and A Szereszewski study the Bäcklund transformation for L-isothermic surfaces in the original Bianchi formulation. They establish a connection between this transformation and a nonhomogeneous linear Schrödinger equation and construct a class of generalized Dupin cyclides. W K Schief, A Szereszewski and C Rogers study a classical system of equilibrium equations for shell membranes. Various examples of viable membrane geometries lead to remarkable geometric configurations such as generalized Dupin cyclides and L-minimal surfaces. A Sergyeyev constructs infinite hierarchies of nonlocal higher symmetries for the oriented associativity equations using the spectral problem. The hierarchies in question generalize those constructed by Chen, Kontsevich and Schwarz for the WDVV equations. J Shiraishi and Y Tutiya study an integro-differential equation which generalizes the periodic intermediate long wave equation. The kernel of the singular integral involved is a second order difference of the Weierstrass ζ-function. Using Sato's formulation, the authors demonstrate the integrability of the equation in question, and construct some special solutions. P H van der Kamp discusses general aspects of the Cauchy and Goursat problems for lattice equations focusing on their well-posedness, as well as on periodic and travelling wave reductions. We would like to express sincere thanks to all contributors, editorial staff and all involved in compiling this special issue. Jan L Cieśliński, Eugene V Ferapontov, Alexander V Kitaev and Jonathan J C Nimmo Guest Editors

  13. PREFACE: Turbulent Mixing and Beyond Turbulent Mixing and Beyond

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abarzhi, Snezhana I.; Gauthier, Serge; Rosner, Robert

    2008-10-01

    The goals of the International Conference `Turbulent Mixing and Beyond' are to expose the generic problem of Turbulence and Turbulent Mixing in Unsteady Flows to a wide scientific community, to promote the development of new ideas in tackling the fundamental aspects of the problem, to assist in the application of novel approaches in a broad range of phenomena, where the non-canonical turbulent processes occur, and to have a potential impact on technology. The Conference provides the opportunity to bring together scientists from the areas which include, but are not limited to, high energy density physics, plasmas, fluid dynamics, turbulence, combustion, material science, geophysics, astrophysics, optics and telecommunications, applied mathematics, probability and statistics, and to have their attention focused on the long-standing formidable task. The Turbulent Mixing and Turbulence in Unsteady Flows, including multiphase flows, plays a key role in a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from astrophysical to nano-scales, under either high or low energy density conditions. Inertial confinement and magnetic fusion, light-matter interaction and non-equilibrium heat transfer, properties of materials under high strain rates, strong shocks, explosions, blast waves, supernovae and accretion disks, stellar non-Boussinesq and magneto-convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lithosphere tectonics, premixed and non-premixed combustion, oceanography, atmospheric flows, unsteady boundary layers, hypersonic and supersonic flows, are a few examples to list. A grip on unsteady turbulent processes is crucial for cutting-edge technology such as laser-micromachining and free-space optical telecommunications, and for industrial applications in aeronautics. Unsteady Turbulent Processes are anisotropic, non-local and multi-scale, and their fundamental scaling, spectral and invariant properties depart from the classical Kolmogorov scenario. The singular aspects and similarity of the mixing dynamics are interplayed with fundamental properties of the Euler and compressible Navier-Stokes equations, with the problem sensitivity to the initial conditions and to the boundary conditions at the discontinuities, and with its stochastic description. The state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the multi-phase non-equilibrium dynamics suggest new methods for capturing discontinuities and singularities and shock-interface interaction, for predictive modeling of the multi-scale dynamics in fluids and plasmas, for error estimate and uncertainty quantification as well as for novel data assimilation techniques. The First International Conference `Turbulent Mixing and Beyond' (TMB-2007), was held on 18-26 August 2007 at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy. This was a highly informative and exciting meeting, by all the standards a major success. The Conference brought together 120 participants (307 authors) from five continents, ranging from students to members of National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and including researchers from the Universities, National Laboratories, Leading Scientific Institutions and Industry. TMB-2007 covered 16 different topics, maintaining the scope and the interdisciplinary character of the meeting, and kept the focus on a fundamental fluid dynamic problem of unsteady turbulent processes and the Conference Objectives. The success of the TMB-07 was a result of the successful work of all the participants, who were serious and professional people, caring for the quality of their research and sharing their scientific vision. The level of presentations was high, and the presentations included 87 oral contributions, 32 invited lectures and 5 tutorials and over 30 poster contributions. The round table discussions held at TMB-2007 investigated the organization of a Collaborative Computing Environment for the Turbulent Mixing and Beyond Community. The abstracts of the 150 accepted Conference presentations were published in the Book of Abstracts, International Conference `Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', August 18-26, 2007, Copyright 2007 Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, ISBN 92-95003-36-5. This Topical Issue consists of nearly 60 articles accepted for publication in the Conference Proceedings and reflects a substantial part of the Conference contributions. The articles cover a broad variety of TMB-2007 themes and are sorted alphabetically by the last name of the first author within each of the following topics: Canonical Turbulence and Turbulent Mixing (invariant, scaling, spectral properties, scalar transports) Wall-bounded Flows (structure and fundamentals, unsteady boundary layers, super-sonic flows, shock - boundary layer interaction) Interfacial Dynamics (Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmyer-Meshkov and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities) Unsteady Turbulent Processes (turbulence and turbulent mixing in unsteady, multiphase and anisotropic flows) High Energy Density Physics (laser-material interaction, Z-pinches, laser-driven, heavy-ion and magnetic fusion) Astrophysics (supernovae, interstellar medium, star formation, stellar interiors, early Universe, cosmic micro-wave background) Magneto-hydrodynamics (magneto-convection, magneto-rotational instability, accretion disks, dynamo) Plasmas in Ionosphere (coupled plasmas, anomalous resistance, ionosphere) Physics of Atmosphere (environmental fluid dynamics, forecasting, data analysis, error estimate) Geophysics (turbulent convection in stratified, rotating and active flows) Combustion (dynamics of flames, fires, blast waves and explosions) Mathematical Aspects of Multi-Scale Dynamics (vortex dynamics, singularities, discontinuities, asymptotic dynamics, weak solutions, well- and ill-posedness) Statistical Approaches, Stochastic Processes and Probabilistic Description (uncertainty quantification, anomalous diffusion, long-tail distributions, wavelets) Advanced Numerical Simulations (continuous DNS/LES/RANS, Molecular dynamics, Monte-Carlo, predictive modeling) New Experimental Diagnostics (novel methods for flow visualization and control, high-tech) The First International Conference `Turbulent Mixing and Beyond' was organized by the following members of the Organizing Committee: Snezhana I Abarzhi (chairperson, Chicago, USA) Malcolm J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) Sergei I Anisimov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russia) Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) Donald Q Lamb (The University of Chicago, USA) Katsunobu Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) Bruce A Remington (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) Robert Rosner (Argonne National Laboratory, USA) Katepalli R Sreenivasan (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) Alexander L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) The Organizing Committee gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Conference Sponsors: National Science Foundation (NSF), USA (Divisions and Programs Directors: Drs A G Detwiler, L M Jameson, E L Lomon, P E Phelan, G A Prentice, J A Raper, W Schultz, P R Westmoreland; PI: Dr S I Abarzhi) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USA (Program Director: Dr J D Schmisseur; PI: Dr S I Abarzhi) European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) of the AFOSR, UK (Program Chief: Dr S Surampudi; PI: Dr S I Abarzhi) International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy (Centre's Director: Dr K R Sreenivasan) The University of Chicago and The Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), USA (Laboratory's Director: Dr R Rosner) Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), France (Directeur de Recherche: Dr S Gauthier) Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), USA (Program manager: Dr R J Hanrahan; Group Leader: Dr M J Andrew) The DOE ASC Alliance Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes, The University of Chicago, USA (Center's Director: Dr D Q Lamb) Institute for Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka, Japan (Division Head: Dr K Nishihara) Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, USA (College of Science and Letters, Department of Applied Mathematics: Dr S I Abarji) and thanks them for making this event possible. The Organizing Committee appreciates the assistance of Suzie Radosic (administrator and assistant, ICTP) Daniil Ilyin (web-master, Chicago) Elena Magnus (assistant, Chicago) We express our gratitude for the help with the Conference Program to the members of the Scientific Advisory Committee S I Abarzhi (The University of Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA) G Ahlers (University of California at Santa Barbara, USA) M J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Texas A & M University, USA) S I Anisimov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russia) E Bodenschatz (Max Plank Institute, Gottingen, Germany) S Dalziel (DAMTP, University of Cambridge, UK) R Ecke (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) H J Fernando (Arizona State University, USA) S Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) G A Glatzmaier (University of California at Santa Cruz, USA) W A Goddard III (California Institute of Technology, USA) L P Kadanoff (The University of Chicago, USA) D Q Lamb (The University of Chicago, USA) D P Lathrop (University of Maryland, USA) S Lebedev (Imperial College, UK) P Manneville (Ecole Polytechnique, France) D I Meiron (California Institute of Technology, USA) H Nagib (Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA) J Niemela (International Center for Theoretical Physics, Italy) K Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) S A Orszag (Yale University, USA) E Ott (University of Maryland, USA) N Peters (RWTS, Aachen, Germany) S B Pope (Cornell, USA) B A Remington (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) R Rosner (Argonne National Laboratory and The University of Chicago, USA) A Schmidt (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) K R Sreenivasan (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) V Steinberg (Weiznmann Institute, Israel) A L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) P K Yeung (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) F A Williams (University of California at San Diego, USA) We would like to thank all the authors and the referees for their contributions to this Topical Issue and for offering their expertise, time and effort We cordially invite the reader to take a look at this Topical Issue for information on the frontiers of theoretical, numerical and experimental research and technology The Organizing Committee hopes the TMB Conference will serve to advance the state-of-the-art in understanding of fundamental physical properties of turbulent mixing and turbulence in unsteady flows and will have an impact on predictive modeling capabilities, physical description and, ultimately, control of these complex processes Snezhana I Abarzhi, Serge Gauthier, Robert Rosner Chicago, 20 Nov 2008

  14. PREFACE Turbulent Mixing and Beyond

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abarzhi, Snezhana I.; Gauthier, Serge; Niemela, Joseph J.

    2010-12-01

    The goals of the International Conference 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', TMB-2009, are to expose the generic problem of non-equilibrium turbulent processes to a broad scientific community, to promote the development of new ideas in tackling the fundamental aspects of the problem, to assist in the application of novel approaches in a broad range of phenomena, where the turbulent processes occur, and to have a potential impact on technology. The Conference provides the opportunity to bring together researchers from different areas, which include but are not limited to fluid dynamics, plasmas, high energy density physics, astrophysics, material science, combustion, atmospheric and Earth sciences, nonlinear and statistical physics, applied mathematics, probability and statistics, data processing and computations, optics and telecommunications, and to have their attention focused on the long-standing formidable task of non-equilibrium processes. Non-equilibrium turbulent processes play a key role in a broad variety of phenomena spanning astrophysical to atomistic scales and high or low energy density regimes. Inertial confinement and magnetic fusion, light-matter interaction and non-equilibrium heat transfer, strong shocks and explosions, material transformation under high strain rate, supernovae and accretion disks, stellar non-Boussinesq and magneto-convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lithosphere tectonics, premixed and non-premixed combustion, non-canonical wall-bounded flows, hypersonic and supersonic boundary layers, dynamics of atmosphere and oceanography, are just a few examples. A grip on non-equilibrium turbulent processes is crucial for cutting-edge technology such as laser micro-machining, nano-electronics, free-space optical telecommunications, and for industrial applications in the areas of aeronautics and aerodynamics. Non-equilibrium turbulent processes are anisotropic, non-local, multi-scale and multi-phase, and often are driven by shocks or acceleration. Their scaling, spectral and invariant properties differ substantially from those of classical Kolmogorov turbulence. At atomistic and meso-scales, the non-equilibrium dynamics depart dramatically from a standard scenario given by the Gibbs statistic ensemble average and quasi-static Boltzmann equation. The singular aspect and the similarity of the non-equilibrium dynamics at macroscopic scales are interplayed with the fundamental properties of the Euler and compressible Navier-Stokes equations and with the problem sensitivity to the boundary conditions at discontinuities. The state-of-the-art numerical simulations of multi-phase flows suggest new methods for predictive modeling of the multi-scale non-equilibrium dynamics in fluids and plasmas, up to peta-scale level, for error estimate and uncertainty quantification, as well as for novel data assimilation techniques. The Second International Conference and Advanced School 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', TMB-2009, was held on 27 July-7 August 2009 at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy. This was a highly informative and exciting meeting, and it strengthened and reaffirmed the success of TMB-2007. TMB-2009 brought together over 180 participants from five continents, ranging from students to members of National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and including researchers at experienced and early stages of their carriers from leading scientific institutions in academia, national laboratories, corporations and industry, from developed and developing countries. The success of TMB-2009 came from the successful work of all the participants, who were responsible professionals caring for the quality of their research and sharing their scientific vision. The level of presentations was high; about 170 presentations included over 60 invited lectures and 15 tutorials (4500 minutes of talks in total), about 40 posters and two Round Tables. TMB-2009 covered 17 different topics, maintaining the scope and the interdisciplinary character of the meeting while keeping the focus on a fundamental scientific problem of non-equilibrium processes and on the Conference objectives. The abstracts of the 194 accepted presentations of more than 400 authors were published in the Book of Abstracts of the Second International Conference and Advanced School 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', 27 July-7 August 2009 , Copyright © 2009, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (ISBN 92095003-41-1). This Topical Issue consists of 70 articles accepted for publication in the Conference Proceedings and represents a substantial part of the Conference contributions. The articles are in a broad variety of TMB-2009 themes and are sorted alphabetically by the last name of the first author within each of the following topics: Canonical turbulence and turbulent mixing: invariant, scaling, spectral properties, scalar transports, convection; Wall-bounded flows: structure and fundamentals, non-canonical turbulent boundary layers, including unsteady and transitional flows, supersonic and hypersonic flows, shock-boundary layer interactions; Non-equilibrium processes: unsteady, multiphase and shock-driven turbulent flows, anisotropic non-local dynamics, connection of continuous description at macro-scales to kinetic processes at atomistic scales; Interfacial dynamics: instabilities of Rayleigh-Taylor, Kelvin-Helmholtz, Richtmyer-Meshkov, Landau-Darrieus, Saffman-Taylor High energy density physics: inertial confinement and heavy-ion fusion, Z-pinches, light-matter and laser-plasma interactions, non-equilibrium heat transfer; Material science: material transformation under high strain rates, equation of state, impact dynamics, mixing at nano- and micro-scales; Astrophysics: supernovae, interstellar medium, star formation, stellar interiors, early Universe, cosmic-microwave background, accretion disks; Magneto-hydrodynamics: magnetic fusion and magnetically confined plasmas, magneto-convection, magneto-rotational instability, dynamo; Canonical plasmas: coupled plasmas, anomalous resistance, ionosphere; Physics of atmosphere: environmental fluid dynamics, weather forecasting, turbulent flows in stratified media and atmosphere, non-Boussinesq convection; Geophysics and Earth science: mantle-lithosphere tectonics, oceanography, turbulent convection under rotation, planetary interiors; Combustion: dynamics of flames and fires, deflagration-to-detonation transition, blast waves and explosions, flows with chemical reactions, flows in jet engines; Mathematical aspects of non-equilibrium dynamics: vortex dynamics, singularities, discontinuities, asymptotic dynamics, weak solutions, well- and ill-posedness, continuous transports out of thermodynamic equilibrium; Stochastic processes and probabilistic description: long-tail distributions and anomalous diffusion, data assimilation and processing methodologies, error estimate and uncertainty quantification, statistically unsteady processes; Advanced numerical simulations: continuous DNS/LES/RANS, molecular dynamics, Monte-Carlo, predictive modeling, validation and verification of numerical models; Experimental diagnostics: model experiments in high energy density and low energy density regimes, plasma diagnostics, fluid flow visualizations and control, opto-fluidics, novel optical methods, holography, advanced technologies. TMB-2009 was organized by the following members of the Organizing Committee: Snezhana I Abarzhi (chairperson, Chicago, USA) Malcolm J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) Sergei I Anisimov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russia) Hiroshi Azechi (Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) Serge Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) Christopher J Keane (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) Robert Rosner (Argonne National Laboratory, USA) Katepalli R Sreenivasan (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) Alexander L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) and the Local Organizing Committee at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy Joseph J Niemela Katepalli R Sreenivasan with the assistance of Suzie Radosic (administrator and assistant, ICTP) Daniil Ilyin (web-master, University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, Chicago, USA) The Conference and the School were sponsored by several Agencies and Institutions in the USA, Europe and Japan. The Organizing Committee of TMB-2009 gratefully acknowledges the support of International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy National Science Foundation (NSF), USA Programs: Plasma Physics; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Computational Mathematics; Applied Mathematics; Fluid Dynamics; Combustion, Fire and Plasma Systems; Cyber-Physical Systems; Computer and Network Systems Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), US Programs: Hypersonics and Turbulence; Flow Control and Aeroelasticity European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) of the AFOSR, UK Programs: Aeronautical Sciences Department of Energy (DOE), USA, DOE Office of Science US Department of Energy Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), USA Programs: National Ignition Facility; Fusion Energy US Department of Energy Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), USA US Department of Energy Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), USA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), France Institute for Laser Engineering (ILE), Japan The University of Chicago, USA ASC Alliance Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes, USA Photron (Europe) Ltd, UK and thank them for making this event possible. We express our gratitude for the help with the Conference Program to the members of the Scientific Advisory Committee: S I Abarzhi (University of Chicago, USA) Y Aglitskiy (Science Applications International Corporation, USA) H Azechi (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) M J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) S I Anisimov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russia) E Bodenschatz (Max Plank Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Germany) F Cattaneo (University of Chicago, USA) P Cvitanović (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) S Cowley (Imperial College, UK) S Dalziel (DAMTP, University of Cambridge, UK) W S Don (Brown University, USA) R Ecke (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) H J Fernando (Arizona State University, USA) I Foster (University of Chicago, USA) S Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) G A Glatzmaier (University of California at Santa Cruz, USA) J Glimm (State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA) W A Goddard III (California Institute of Technology, USA) J Jimenez (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain) L P Kadanoff (The University of Chicago, USA) D Q Lamb (The University of Chicago, USA) D P Lathrop (University of Maryland, USA) S Lebedev (Imperial College, UK) P Manneville (École Polytechnique, France) D I Meiron (California Institute of Technology, USA) P Moin (Stanford University, USA) A Nepomnyashchy (Technion, Israel) J Niemela (International Center for Theoretical Physics, Italy) K Nishihara (Institute for Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan) S S Orlov (Stanford University, USA) S A Orszag (Yale University, USA) E Ott (University of Maryland, USA) N Peters (RWTH Aachen University, Germany) S B Pope (Cornell, USA) A Pouquet (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, USA) B A Remington (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) R Rosner (Argonne National Laboratory and University of Chicago, USA) A J Schmitt (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) C -W Shu (Brown University, USA) K R Sreenivasan (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) E Tadmor (University of Maryland, USA) Y C F Thio (US Department of Energy) A L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) V Yakhot (Boston University, USA) P K Yeung (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) F A Williams (University of California at San Diego, USA) E Zweibel (University of Wisconsin, USA). We deeply appreciate the work of the Selection Committee for applications for the Advanced School: S Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) C J Keane (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) J Niemela (International Center for Theoretical Physics, Italy) S S Orlov (Stanford University, USA) A L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) and thank the members of the Committee for the award 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond for Youth': S I Abarzhi (University of Chicago, USA) M J Andrews (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA) P Cvitanović (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) S Gauthier (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) C J Keane (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA) S Lebedev (Imperial College, UK) J Niemela (International Center for Theoretical Physics, Italy) S S Orlov (Stanford University, USA) A Pouquet (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, USA) K R Sreenivasan (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) A L Velikovich (Naval Research Laboratory, USA) We would like to thank all the authors and the referees for their contributions to this Topical Issue and for offering their expertise, time and effort. The readers are cordially invited to take a look at this Topical Issue for information on the frontiers of theoretical, numerical and experimental research, and state-of-the-art technology. The Organizing Committee hopes the TMB Conference will serve to advance the state-of-the-art in understanding of fundamental physical properties of non-equilibrium turbulent processes and will have an impact on predictive modeling capabilities, physical description and, ultimately, control of these complex processes. Welcome to the Topical Issue 'Turbulent Mixing and Beyond', TMB-2009.

  15. Houston, We Have a Podcast. Episode 22: Astronaut Health

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2017-12-07

    [00:00:00] Gary Jordan (Host): Houston, we have a podcast! Welcome to the official podcast of the NASA Johnson Space Center, Episode 22, Astronaut Health. I'm Gary Jordan, and I'll be your host today. So on this podcast, we bring in the experts, NASA scientists, engineers, astronauts, all the coolest people! We bring them right here on the show to tell you about more everything NASA. So today, we're talking about astronaut health with Natacha Chough. She's a flight surgeon here at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, and she gave a great description about what a flight surgeon does and how they work with astronauts to monitor their health during spaceflight. So thanks to future doctor spaceman for the suggestion on Twitter for an episode with a flight surgeon. If you have suggestions for the topic you'd like to hear on the show, let us know! You can find where to submit everything at the end of every episode. No, I'm not going to reveal it right up front, you got to listen to the whole thing. Plus, this is a really good conversation anyway. You're going to really enjoy it. So, with no further delay, let's go lightspeed and jump right ahead to our talk with Dr. Natacha Chough. Enjoy! [00:00:59] [ Music ] [00:01:12] [ Music & Radio Transmissions ] [00:01:18] [ Music ] Host: Now, we'll -- we'll start with something happy. Natasha, thanks so much for coming on the show, ran into your profile as part of Peggy's NASA Village Project, you're one of the many people that supported Peggy Whitson, right, during her flight. So how was it -- what was it like working with the space ninja? [00:01:36] Natacha Chough: So I think as anyone who works with Peggy will tell you, she is awesome at what she does! [Laughing] And she's just a joy to watch. Plus she's a wonderful person, which just makes it even better. [00:01:46] Host: Oh yeah. Yeah, definitely. Just in the few interactions I've had with her where, you know, interviews or her dealing with media, just, you know, sitting down in the chair with a lot of people looking at her, lights, cameras, and she's just laughing, having a good time. It's just, you know, you really appreciate that when you're on -- when you're on the behind-the-scenes stuff and you know the pressure that goes into it. But you were -- for supporting her, you're a flight surgeon, right? [00:02:07] Natacha Chough: So I wasn't assigned to her as her crew surgeon, but I was -- after her landing, her in two fish [phonetic], I was the physician on the NASA aircraft that brought them back to Houston. [00:02:19] Host: Oh, okay. So you were out -- you were out in Kazakhstan then? [00:02:23] Natacha Chough: So, actually, this landing happened right after Harvey, and because of the multiple personnel impacts that NASA had, including to our aircraft operations division, we weren't able to get our aircraft staged in Kazakhstan in time for their landing. So, what happened was we got the help from the European Space Agency, so they had an aircraft and they went and got our crew in Kazakhstan and brought them back to Cologne, Germany, use the headquarters, and then we went to Cologne to pick up our crew there. [00:02:52] Host: Okay. [00:02:52] Natacha Chough: So that was like a total modified... [00:02:54] Host: Yeah! [00:02:55] Natacha Chough: ...expected direct return operation, yeah. [00:02:57] Host: So you went from Houston to Germany then? Okay. And you were -- so you were -- so what is -- what is that? What's a doctor on-call? [00:03:04] Natacha Chough: We call it the air doc. [00:03:07] Host: Air doc. [00:03:07] Natacha Chough: Yeah. So NASA has an aircraft that we use to bring back our crew from landing within 24 hours, and the -- the purpose of that is just so the science and research folks can get data as soon as possible once the crew returned, just because there's a lot of physiologic changes that happen. You know, not only right after landing, but in the -- the hours and days that follow. [00:03:30] Host: Okay, yeah, and you have to just kind of -- so, what's your job? Your job is to monitor it, record it, to help it? [00:03:36] Natacha Chough: We do take some samples and stuff in flight on return, but, you know, the crew can be pretty symptomatic in terms of like returning to a 1G environment, and so we kind of mitigate a lot of the symptoms that they're having, motion sickness, that type of thing, in the early hours, post-landing. [00:03:54] Host: So now you're a -- you're a flight surgeon now, right? Who's your crew members that you're working with? [00:03:59] Natacha Chough: So currently I'm assigned to Jeanette Epps, and she's launching next spring. [00:04:03] Host: Okay. Okay. So you -- what's some of the stuff you have to do this early ahead of time? [00:04:08] Natacha Chough: So right now, we just did her L minus 6 months physical, make sure that, you know, she's still within standards for long duration spaceflight. She's actually out of the country right now because in this part of the pre-launch timeframe, she and Alex [inaudible], he's a crew member, and then Sergei [inaudible], the Russian crew member, they're all serving as the backup crew to the prime crew that's launching this December. [00:04:33] Host: Oh, okay. So they're out there with Scott Tingle and [inaudible] and those guys? Okay, cool. Very cool. So you're -- you don't have to follow them for that then? You get to stay here? [00:04:43] Natacha Chough: Yeah. In the meantime, you know, there's a lot of just like pre-travel prep, making sure all of us, including the docs, are up on our immunizations for, you know, upcoming travel. In the next few months before launch, we'll also get together with her in our pharmacy, and make sure that she's got any prescription meds she takes on a regular basis put in these ISS medical accessory packs, people take, you know, nutritional supplements or daily vitamins or whatever, we make sure that all that is packed for them and any motion sickness meds they might need on the way up. [00:05:13] Host: Okay. So how long have you been in the flight director, or not flight director, flight surgeon role? [00:05:18] Natacha Chough: So I got hired on full-time here a little over two and a half years ago. [00:05:22] Host: Okay, cool. Alright. So let's -- let's back up just a little bit from -- from all this and talk about, what is a flight surgeon? Right? Let's start -- let's do that. [00:05:32] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so I got to tell you it is the coolest, yet most misleading job title there is, because we don't fly in space, and the vast -- vast majority of us aren't actual surgeons. What a flight surgeon is is a medical doctor who takes care of pilots and astronauts. But the job title is a total misnomer, it's kind of like -- I think of like the surgeon general of the United States, right? So most of these aren't actual surgeons. So for those who are listening who aren't military buffs, basically, dating back to like early wars, actual surgeons were the predominant type of medical doctor on the battlefield, and then that term has stuck in the military at NASA. And the flight part of the job title indicates, you know, that we take care of pilots and astronauts, but it also implies that we have at least some flying experience ourselves, either as private pilots, student pilots, or, you know, riding in the backseat of the T38, the NASA training jet, along with our crew members. So, that flight experience is actually key to understanding the physiology of the flight environment that our patients experience, as well as the psychology and the human factor aspect of like how they interface with engineering design and aircraft controls, and all that's especially important for maintaining crew safety. [00:06:42] Host: How about that? So what are some of the main differences then? Like what -- what separates, you know, what makes you have that flight thing? What are some of the considerations whenever I guess the human body is in flight? [00:06:54] Natacha Chough: Right. So, in flight, depending on the different types of maneuvers you're going to be doing, like if you've been to an airshow, aerobatic pilots can do, you know... [00:07:04] Host: Crazy stuff! [00:07:04] Natacha Chough: A lot of [inaudible] maneuvers, and depending on the order in which they do them, it can change, you know, blood rushing to your head versus blood rushing to your feet, and if you do that [laughing] in a very provocative way, you run the risk of what pilots refer to as graying out or blacking out and losing consciousness momentarily. So you never want those types of incapacitating events to happen in flight. And that's what we try to prevent. Another big thing that we learn about is hypoxia, right, so lack of oxygen. And so if you're cabin, for whatever reason, depressurizes and you are, you know, at the equivalent of tens of hundreds of feet, you know, above sea level, that's going to feel a lot different than a cabin that's pressurized to a more normal environment. So our regular aircraft that all of us fly commercially, like a Southwest aircraft, for example, is pressurized to 8,000 feet and most of us can tolerate that, but if you have a depressurization and all of a sudden you're at the equivalent of 30,000 feet, obviously, your time of useful consciousness, or the amount of time it's going to take before you pass out because you -- there's not enough oxygen up there at that altitude is, you know, goes down to seconds. [00:08:13] Host: Wow. [00:08:14] Natacha Chough: So those are the types of things that we have to learn about, and then, you know, we train along with crew to understand what our particular symptoms are in that situation, because it can be a little bit different for different people. Some people get a little bit loopy. Some people have spotty vision, some people get shaky, it really depends. [00:08:31] Host: Oh yeah, there's -- is that -- is it hypobaric chamber? [00:08:36] Natacha Chough: Hypobaric. Yep. [00:08:37] Host: Hypobaric, where they actually -- they'll do that, right? [00:08:39] Natacha Chough: Exactly. [00:08:40] Host: You go in there, they'll bring down the pressure, and they'll just like watch you and then write down some stuff. I actually had a friend that did that. She works in the MBL, and hers was actually -- she said she -- nothing happened to her. And I was like, oh, that's cool, and she's like, no. [00:08:55] Natacha Chough: That's actually bad. [00:08:56] Host: Yeah! Exactly! And it's because, right, you need to think about your symptoms. [00:09:00] Natacha Chough: Right. And if you don't have any symptoms, you could pass out like that, and we never want that to happen when you're at the controls of an aircraft or, you know, if you're on an EVA and that happens for whatever reason. [00:09:12] Host: Okay. So, do you understand -- when you're a flight surgeon, you understand the -- what happens for your -- the crew members that you're taking care of? [00:09:21] Natacha Chough: Right. And another thing that they do in training is a CO2 exposure class. So carbon dioxide is different on station than it is on earth, right? The levels are different. Because here on earth, if a room gets stuffy, we can just open the window, you can't really do that on station. So, crew are exposed to about 8 minutes of carbon dioxide. It's basically they're breathing into a bag and they're rebreathing their -- their own expired air during these 8 minutes. And they write down their symptoms for that, as well. And that's really important because if levels tend to creep up on station, they have an idea, from this exposure class, you know, what their symptoms are and whether it's potentially attributable to the CO2 levels on station. [00:10:06] Host: Wow. There's a lot of tests for [laughter] being a flight surgeon where they just put you through the ringer! Alright, well, we're going to deprive you of like pressure and see what happens. Alright, keep breathing your own CO2, see what happens. What other kind of tests are like that? [00:10:19] Natacha Chough: Well, I've definitely done the hypobaric -- hypobaric chamber, you know, hypoxia demonstration more times than I can count now. So I think I've lost enough brain cells at this point, but, you know, a lot of it too is -- is written tests and stuff as you're going through like medical specialty training, so. [00:10:34] Host: Okay. Because I know like they -- they do egress training for -- I've seen the ones for Orion, I think, where they actually jump in and I don't know if there's some health considerations there for where a flight surgeon would be for that test. [00:10:46] Natacha Chough: There are. So, you know, Orion is supposed to splash down in the water, and after you've been in space for a long time, that rocking motion in the spacecraft can be really provocative when you're already motion sick, and so, you know, there's certain parameters as to how much rocking we would like versus -- versus not, and, you know, what all that is going to look like. So, people way smarter than me are working on that. [00:11:10] Host: [Laughing] So, when you're -- when you're assigned a crew member, what -- at what point do you start working with them, and at what point do you kind of say, you're done, and you kind of can go onto the next crew member or something? [00:11:22] Natacha Chough: So we usually get assigned to them about a year in advance or so. [00:11:26] Host: Okay. Of their launch? [00:11:28] Natacha Chough: Of their launch. Yeah. It can be as soon as like -- as early as 18 months pre-launch. And so it definitely ramps up like exponentially the closer you get to launch. Like I mentioned, if, you know, if you're in Star City is the physician and you're supporting them through some of the Russian medical training that they do there, when they're here doing training in the MBL, the MBL during their suited run, we also support their vacuum chamber runs in Building 7, which is where they test their AVA suit and make sure that it functions at vacuum. And then there's, on the medical side, there's actually a lot of medical training that they crew get, because there's no requirement right now that there's a physician on station, but each expedition is assigned to CMOs, or chief medical officers, and those are US OS crew members who have a little bit of additional medical training, and so that can include, you know, putting in stitches or temporary dental fillings if needed, those types of things. [00:12:32] And so we've got -- we work with really talented nurses who help train our crew on how to draw their own blood, how to start IVs, all that type of thing. [00:12:40] Host: Oh, okay. And a lot of them are doing studies like that, just normally, right? [00:12:44] Natacha Chough: Some of it is research-based. [00:12:45] Host: Some research-based stuff, I guess besides the medical side, but, okay. So then you -- if they -- if there's no physician on the station, the backup is to have a physician on the ground, right? That's the -- that's the normal way of doing things, and flight surgeons sit in mission control. So is that part -- like, how often are you doing that? [00:13:05] Natacha Chough: So, when you're assigned to a mission, you're on counsel a few times out of the week and -- and that's only because you rotate with other crew surgeons who are working that same expedition. [00:13:16] Host: Oh, okay. So, you're -- it's not just you, it's like a team. [00:13:18] Natacha Chough: It's like a team of 4. Right? So like each Soyuz launch, on the NASA side at least, has one prime crew surgeon and one deputy crew surgeon who's their backup, essentially. And then it's usually two Soyuz crews at a time, and so that's what makes up the -- the four docs that kind of rotate sitting in console. [00:13:35] Host: There you go. So what are you looking at when you're on console? [00:13:38] Natacha Chough: So on console, on a regular day, we mostly focus on the -- the station, what we call the bio environmentals. I like to call it the vital signs on station. Right, so like, what's the CO2 level today? Like what's the pressure, you know, in the modules that the crew is working in, what's the O2 level? What's the temperature? What's the humidity? And then we look at their timeline everyday, so as you probably know, the schedule for each crew member is planned out to like 5 minute increments. [00:14:06] Host: Oh yeah. [00:14:07] Natacha Chough: So, there's always reviews of plans for, you know, the current day, one day out, three days out, seven days out, and so we're just verifying to make sure that, you know, everyone's got two hours of exercise blocked off that, you know, on most days, unless there's an extenuating circumstance, everyone's eating lunch together, because that's really good for, you know, crew psychology, and then making sure that there's nothing, you know, that's unnecessarily interrupting sort of their wind-down period at the end of the day before they go to sleep. It's kind of like if you got called about something for work at like 9 o'clock at night. You know what I mean? So, we try and like really minimize that kind of thing, and then, overall, we also have to approve any overages to their kind of weekly duty hours to make sure that they're not, you know, at risk of bringing out for like working too long of a week, and so if -- if that ever happens, we have weekly meetings with the flight director to make sure that that time is made up the following week, if they get a day off or some time off, subsequently. [00:15:06] Host: So you must be really close with the astronauts then, because you're the one that actually protects them from working. [00:15:10] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so, I mean, yeah, the role of the flight doc these days, you know, back in World War I when flight docs were started, I feel like there was a little bit of animosity, right? [Laughing] Like between flight docs and -- and military fliers, because, you know, the best that you could ever do is come out even from an employment with your flight doc. You know, the worst that you could come out is that they would ground you for some medical reason, but these days it's a lot more -- we're definitely their advocate, right, and want to make sure that we create an environment that is conducive of them, you know, flying happily and safely and healthily. [00:15:46] Host: Yeah. I mean, what -- what is -- what does a flight surgeon do to make sure that they are in a state of mind where they can perform hundreds of experiments and -- and do all the tasks that are assigned to them on a daily basis? [00:15:58] Natacha Chough: So that's actually something that our behavioral health and performance group focuses on, and we work in consultation with them, but, essentially, we've got crew psychologists and crew psychiatrists that are assigned to each crew member, and then, you know, before their mission, they meet with them on a regular basis, and then during the mission, they have what they call PPCs, or private psychological conferences every couple of weeks, and those docs also will be in touch with the crew member's family. Especially after events like Harvey, right? Something totally unplanned and that can be a huge stressor for -- for folks on orbit and their family members on the ground. [00:16:40] Host: Oh, yeah. [00:16:40] Natacha Chough: Yeah. So, they're very good about, you know, before astronauts are even selected, like screening for people who are psychologically, you know, very stable. Once they're selected, making sure that they have all the resources that they have pre-mission, during mission, they talk about, you know, if there's bad news, how do you want it to be delivered? Who do you want to deliver the news? How do you want them to deliver it? So, that group is really, I think, paramount to crew well-being, and then keeping the family members in the loop as well with regular communication. [00:17:14] Host: So that's -- that's just not flight surgeon job then, is it? [00:17:17] Natacha Chough: No, it's more -- yeah, it's BHP. [00:17:19] Host: BHP. Yeah, exactly. What -- what qualifies an astronaut as being able to go to space, medically, healthy? [00:17:26] Natacha Chough: So, what we look for is overall medical fitness for the pressures of spaceflight, and that begins, like I mentioned, with, you know, selection criteria during the application process. So once they're selected, if they have an illness or an injury, we get them treatment and the specialty care that they need, and then we have an air medical board that actually reviews their case files on a regular basis to recertify them for flight if they happen to be grounded for whatever reason. It's actually similar to how the military and the FAA medically certify their pilots. And as a taxpayer, for those of you listening out there, so these processes are also in existence to help keep the general public safe. So, in general, the FAA has a role to keep the risk of a pilot having an incapacitating medical event to less than 1 percent. [00:18:15] Host: Alright. [00:18:17] Natacha Chough: So, we kind of follow very similar standards. But in order for crew to stay healthy, essentially, they have to train, right? So, like I mentioned, we work with really talented physical trainers, psychiatrists, psychologists, pharmacists, nurses, to make sure that our crew are not only physically and mentally ready for long-duration spaceflight, but they're also capable to administer medical care to each other if necessary. [00:18:45] Host: Okay, are you overseeing their -- their workouts and stuff like that? Or is that a totally different thing? [00:18:50] Natacha Chough: So that's the job of our ACERS, so those are astronaut strength, conditioning, and rehab specialists, it's their personal trainers, essentially. So when crew go to orbit, they are actually given what we call an exercise prescription. And they've got different goals that they can work towards and -- and modify if needed in space, and all of that, essentially, is part of our -- it's actually I think one of our most successful countermeasures, right, is maintaining your bone and muscle mass. So we know that maintaining your muscle mass with resistive exercises and getting some sort of impact exercise, like on the treadmill, is really helpful in preventing bone loss and muscle weakness post-flight. [00:19:30] Host: Yeah, definitely. What about -- you said there was a pharmaceutical component to there, are they making sure that they get doses of certain medicines to stay healthy? Like, I don't know if they do calcium supplements or something like that? [00:19:41] Natacha Chough: So, we actually, yeah, we have a great pharmacy here at JSC, and pharmacy helps pack any, you know, regular prescription meds that people fly with, and in addition, you know, they can let us know, there's been some research, there hasn't been enough, but, you know, certain meds just don't do well in space for reasons that we still don't completely understand. So, some -- some medications, if they're in liquid form, will bubble or foam too much to be of any use in space. It's harder to draw them up in a syringe, because you don't have that air -- same air, fluid separation that you do with gravity. So we can't fly those meds, because it's -- it wouldn't be useful. [00:20:19] Host: Right, but they're probably meds that you would need, right? So is there a workaround? [00:20:24] Natacha Chough: So there are alternative meds that we can fly instead, in the meantime, and then we also have medical kits on station with Tylenol and ibuprofen and things like that, if people happen to -- to need those during their mission. [00:20:34] Host: So those -- that's kind of the essential, like, if you're going to fly, this is probably what you're going to need, you know, like the -- stuff like that, just in case some small thing were to come up, oh, I got a slight headache, boom, good to go. [00:20:45] Natacha Chough: Exactly. [00:20:45] Host: Okay, cool. What else besides Tylenol, I guess, that they would -- that they would need? [00:20:49] Natacha Chough: There's antibiotics onboard. If there's, you know, any sort of infection, but it's also, you know, kind of like what you have in your kitchen -- kitchen cabinet. Or, sorry, in your bathroom cabinet [laughing], so Pepto, you know, those types of things. [00:21:03] Host: Okay, cool! [00:21:04] Natacha Chough: But the quarantine process is actually pretty interesting. So I haven't been through that yet myself. I'm the prime doc for Jeanette, so I'll be in quarantine with her, but essentially we go from Star City, Russia, you know, where they train with the Russians, and the entire crew then flies down to Baikonur, Kazakhstan together. And then the prime crew and their prime docs will be in quarantine in Kazakhstan for about two weeks leading up to launch, and so everyday, you know, we take temperatures and do a quick physical exam and there's a Russian epidemiologist down there who's really strict about, you know, who he lets in to visit the crew and stuff, so no kids under 12, that type of thing. And anyone who does want to visit the crew has to, you know, have, you know, written evidence of like 3 days of like no fevers, and... [00:21:54] Host: Wow! [00:21:55] Natacha Chough: Yeah [laughing]. [00:21:56] Host: Alright, pretty -- I mean, it is strict for that reason. Right? They don't want to bring anything up there. So what's the -- have you been in the quarantine environment? [00:22:03] Natacha Chough: No, this will be -- I've visited it, but I haven't stayed there. [00:22:06] Host: Oh. So for Gen X launch, that will be the first time you're going to -- you're going to do it. Okay. [00:22:11] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so I've toured it. There's like a gym, you know, there's a place where they eat meals together and they have folks who are in quarantine with them, like cooks who stay there and cook for them, as well. [00:22:22] Host: Who have also gotten the check? [00:22:24] Natacha Chough: Exactly. Yep. [00:22:25] Host: So it's like a little place for them to live for how long? [00:22:29] Natacha Chough: About two weeks. [00:22:30] Host: Two weeks? Oh, wow. Okay, that's longer than I thought. Yeah, because, you know, you don't want anything to develop, how about that? [00:22:36] Natacha Chough: Right. And then, you know, obviously, flu vaccinations, depending on what time of year you're launching are important for everyone, going down range, to have as well. [00:22:44] Host: Absolutely. Alright, so then they're quarantined and then they go up to the International Space Station. You said they have very limited training when it comes to -- that, you know, they can do small things, but what sorts of things do you prepare for and prepare your crew members for for an emergency? [00:22:59] Natacha Chough: So, actually, they go through what we call megacode training, and so this would be like worst-case scenario, right, like if someone needs CPR. So, we work, again, with our -- our nurse trainers, typically they're nurses with ER backgrounds, and then the flight surgeon, as well, is watching the crew kind of go through this training after they've had a few sessions of hands-on, you know, training with us prior. So, and this is done in the -- the ISS mockup actually. And so we have an AAD [phonetic] on station, if needed. And so they run through, you know, a very modified, but basic algorithm that they would go through in that situation. [00:23:34] Host: Alright. So, okay, and -- and -- in this situation, are you on console helping them out? [00:23:40] Natacha Chough: Yes. So we would, you know, we always have a crew surgeon on console during normal working hours, and then we're on call the rest of the time when we're assigned to that mission. So, if we're not sitting in console on a regular shift, we would get called in for that. [00:23:56] Host: Alright. So no vacations then. You got to stick around in case someone gets pulled in, but that's good, right? Because then, you know, the crew members flying know that, alright, in case of an emergency, I know my -- my flight surgeon's going to be there. So whenever you're designing, you know, procedures, I guess, to do, do you, you know, practice knowing about microgravity? Like, okay, the AAD is going to have to -- we're going to have to do it this way because, you know, you can't just lay someone down, maybe strap them down or something like that? [00:24:24] Natacha Chough: Right. So we actually have a crew medical restraint system on station. And so, the crew know, you know, to put an incapacitated crew member there so that, you know, they don't float away. It's a lot different than it would be on earth. And so, yes, all our procedures are written to -- to account for the microgravity environment. [00:24:40] Host: Okay. Cool. Is there any -- any concerns from the flight surgeon area? Some unique things that flight surgeons in -- at NASA have to deal with that maybe other flight surgeons in the military don't have to worry about because of the microgravity environment? [00:24:55] Natacha Chough: So the biggest thing I'd say, like you mentioned, is, you know, medications, especially like liquids that don't separate from air, and so we're still trying to figure out, you know, how to -- how to work around that [inaudible] is that we do want to fly, but currently can't. [00:25:08] Host: Okay. So it's really just the limitations that... [00:25:10] Natacha Chough: Yeah, and so, you know, they're -- they're industry filters and stuff that -- that neonatal ICUs and that type of thing have worked with and could potentially be helpful. [00:25:20] Host: Cool. So, flight surgeons, I'm trying to think about like your -- your total duties, and they seem -- they seem pretty widespread, right? Like, so you're working with the crew before they launch, when they launch, in mission control, you even talked about some travel, right? You were flying out to Germany, have you been to Kazakhstan or Russia too? [00:25:39] Natacha Chough: Yeah. So, I'm one of the contractor docs, and so part of my job is to be in Star City, Russia where the crew train on Soyuz systems. And so I'm there two to three months out of the year. And that's actually really fun, I kind of like that, it's a very, like, family environment and the crew get together at night and we have family dinners and things like that. [00:26:01] Host: Oh, wow! So it's nice and tightknit. Like, family dinners where? Where they're staying? [00:26:05] Natacha Chough: Yeah, where they're staying. [00:26:06] Host: Okay. [00:26:07] Natacha Chough: Yep. And then -- so I've been to Russia for that and then, yes, I've been to Kazakhstan for a landing as -- as the air doc again on the NASA aircraft. [00:26:16] Host: Cool. NASA aircraft. So that -- was that the G3? [00:26:21] Natacha Chough: It was the G3, now it's G5. [00:26:23] Host: G5. Okay, so then that's the one they take from -- from where to where? [00:26:28] Natacha Chough: From Kazakhstan to Houston, and that's the direct return, what we call direct return within 24 hours of Soyuz landing. [00:26:33] Host: Oh, okay. So you're just watching the recently-landed astronauts and kind of taking care of them? Very cool. Did you take some of the helicopters out to the landing site and all that? [00:26:43] Natacha Chough: I have not actually . So I was on a Russian helicopter for Kate Rubins' launch, I was her deputy crew surgeon. And so for launch, the prime crew doc is, you know, near the launch site with the guest and family members, and then the backup doc, or the deputy doc, which was myself, is in a Russian surgeon rescue helicopter in the event that there's any sort of like launch abort scenario. We would be the ones to fly out to wherever the capsule would have aborted to. [00:27:13] Host: Oh, okay! First responders, boom, you're going. Alright. But you actually did -- you said you flew in the helicopter for Kate Rubins' landing? [00:27:20] Natacha Chough: So you -- they have the blades spinning, but you're staying on the tarmac until you get verification that they've reached orbit. [00:27:28] Host: Okay. [Laughing] Very cool. So what do you have to -- what do you have to study? What do you have to do to be a flight surgeon? Like what's your background? [00:27:35] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so my background is emergency medicine. And then to work at a NASA as a flight surgeon, you need to do an additional residency, and that's medical [inaudible] for specialty training [laughter]. And that residency has to be in aerospace medicine, not flight surgery, that's not a thing. So the expectation, essentially, is that you're a competent physician in whatever your chosen specialty is. [00:28:01] Host: Okay. [00:28:01] Natacha Chough: Before you pursue aerospace medicine because it's such a small and specialized field. I get a lot of questions actually from med students asking what they should specialize in if they want to become a NASA flight surgeon, and I always say, just choose what you love. Because if you love it, you're going to do it better, and that's what people are going to notice, and that's when doors are going to open to you. Because we've had neurologists, urologists, OB/GYNs, become flight surgeons and work here. So it's all about what you enjoy doing. [00:28:26] Host: Yeah, because they're really good, and you said yours was emergency medicine? [00:28:29] Natacha Chough: Yep. [00:28:29] Host: So what was -- what was that -- what were you doing before -- before NASA then in emergency medicine? [00:28:34] Natacha Chough: I actually went straight from emergency medicine residency to the UTMB Aerospace Medicine training program. [00:28:40] Host: Oh, okay. [00:28:41] Natacha Chough: So, yeah, I was just working, you know, 60 to 80 hours a week... [00:28:44] Host: Wow! Alright. [00:28:45] Natacha Chough: ....in the hospital before -- before doing the aerospace program. [00:28:49] Host: Alright. So then what was the aerospace program, how did that -- how do you translate emergency medicine into an aerospace environment? Like, what was different? [00:28:57] Natacha Chough: How did I transition it? I guess the emergency part applies to aerospace medicine in the event of, you know, like a mishap. So -- or planning for a mishap, but not necessarily hoping that that's what happens, right? So it's all about preparing for the worst and hoping for the best. So, emergency medicine, background-wise, can help you figure out what equipment you might need to pack or what equipment you can leave behind. What type of personnel and staffing and other resources you might need at different stages of like a rescue scenario. [00:29:31] Host: Yeah, because I guess you would have to operate assuming that you might have to do something maybe on a site, you know, so you're going to have to bring everything with you or something like that. [00:29:39] Natacha Chough: And you always have to think one step ahead, right? So like let's say I do this first step and it works, but then something else, you know, changes with the patient after that. Then what do I do? And so you have to kind of work out these mental algorithms instead, every possible scenario. [00:29:55] Host: And then from there, you kind of came into the world of NASA, I guess, through... [00:30:01] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so the UTMB Aerospace Medicine program is actually joint with NASA, and so we do some of our rotations here when we are in training, and so one of the ones is working -- is rotating through the flight medicine clinic. And so you're doing some of the astronaut physicals at that time. And then you've got other projects, operationally, that are given to you by different preceptors and mentors. One of my favorite ones was actually doing a one-month rotation with the BHP psychologists and psychiatrists. Just because it's not my specialty, and so I still find it like super interesting though to -- to work with them and see, you know, the types of issues that they deal with, and then interface with the -- the operational flight docs. [00:30:45] Host: Alright, very cool! And now -- now you're here at NASA, now you're a flight surgeon, what's -- it seems like, you know, like I said before, your duties are widespread and you're all over the place, but what's like a -- what's like a day-to-day sort of in the life of a flight surgeon? [00:31:01] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so, it's funny, people are always asking, like, what's a typical day for you? And I'm like, well, I -- I wouldn't say we have typical days, I would say we have typical weeks, but everyday can be a little bit different. So, we are in an engineering community, right? So we're the minority and a lot of times we're looked to as medical consultants, and with station being as complex of a program as it is, there are a lot of meetings with all these different disciplines to make sure that we're doing the right thing and maintaining the health and safety of the crew at the top. So, a lot of times, you know, I'll have a day that's nothing but meetings [laughing], with, you know, potentially questions for me about making, you know, just verifying that like what we're doing isn't medically contraindicated or unsafe in any way. You know, another day I might have my crew member doing a suited run in the MBL and so I'll be there observing that. You know, and another day I might have a couple of meetings in the morning and then in the afternoon my crew member will have some training, medical training, that I'll be attending and just making sure if they have any questions that I'm there. [00:32:05] Host: Okay. Yeah, it seems like your role is more -- is more operational, right? So if something's happening, like, boom, you're there. So, the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory, that's a good one, right? That one's where the astronauts actually get suited up and practice doing a spacewalk in the pool. [00:32:19] Natacha Chough: Exactly. [00:32:19] Host: Right? So what's -- what's your role? Do you go behind the scenes and kind of check them out beforehand and afterwards? Or is it more you're just kind of standing by watching? [00:32:26] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so everyone who goes in the pool gets a dive physical beforehand. [00:32:29] Host: Dive physical, okay. [00:32:30] Natacha Chough: And then during the run, which is typically about 6 hours, I'll be on the loop just listening and making sure, you know, if there's any medical concerns, they can always request a private loop with the MBL medical director. But as their assigned flight surgeon, it's always good for us to be there, as well, just so we're aware of any issues. [00:32:48] Host: Yeah. Privacy is pretty important when it comes to this stuff, right? [00:32:51] Natacha Chough: Absolutely. [00:32:51] Host: Absolutely, yeah. So that -- your job is kind of -- is kind of like that, right? Whatever you do, you have to make sure that you are protecting the privacy of the astronaut's medical information. So, how does that work I guess in an environment where everyone's talking to each other? Especially in mission control. [00:33:10] Natacha Chough: Yeah. I guess it's not too different from the hospital environment. I think, you know, there are people who interface with us, for example, a biomedical engineer who have essentially [inaudible] of like, you know, a HIPAA, understanding of the HIPAA laws and medical privacy laws and privacy act. [00:33:27] Host: Oh, because they're hearing some of this information too? [00:33:29] Natacha Chough: Right. And, you know, the -- the ones who are involved in these types of conversations are involved because it's a need-to-know basis. And so that's essentially how we operate. [00:33:37] Host: Okay, cool. And you guys have private medical conferences with the astronauts too, right? Like every once in a while, you're checking in. So that's -- is it more of just that? It's just checking in, seeing how everything's going? [00:33:49] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so it's once a week, and it's for about 15 minutes, and it's a video conference direct to station with a crew member on a private loop, and, you know, it's all documented in -- in the chart, the medical chart, from that encounter, will go into the electronic medical record, and so we can always look back and see if there's something that we've been tracking over time, you know, how it's been progressing, but it is mostly a check-in, but, you know, every once in awhile, something will pop up. We know that there are slight immune system changes in space, so, people can get rashes or, you know, just feel stuffier, have allergy-type symptoms. And so a lot of times that's what we deal with. [00:34:31] Host: Okay. So it's -- how much of it is, you know, I guess you're recording, just checking in, and then, you know, sometimes you're going to have to deal with stuff like that, right? So how do you deal with it when you're down here in mission control, but your patient is up in space. [00:34:46] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so that's the art of telemedicine, right, is you can't see and touch and feel your patient yourself. And so we rely on their preflight medical training that we talked about. So they're taught to use, you know, how to use a stethoscope, how to take a blood pressure, how to measure heart rate, that type of thing, and then we have the magic of camera technology up there, so, you know, they can actually look in their crewmates ear and take a picture of what that eardrum looks like and send it down to us. Or they can just take a picture of a rash that's developed and send that down to us, and then, you know, during the private medical conference, we can ask all the other questions, we want to know, how long has it been there, and, you know, is it getting better or worse and what makes it better or worse, those types of things. [00:35:29] Host: Are the things that are normal for spaceflight, like, are there particular, you know, microgravity rashes or something like that that's just typical for being in a space environment or something like that? [00:35:41] Natacha Chough: Rashes can develop, yeah, so that's probably not uncommon, and it's because airflow on station is different than on earth, right? Like particles have weight to them here and there's constant airflow that moves things to different areas. So air doesn't -- heavier molecules don't dissipate or, you know, sink the same way on station. If you're staying motionless, the air particles around you are just going to heat up and you kind of have this like cloak of warmth, right? Or... [00:36:13] Host: Woah! [00:36:14] Natacha Chough: Another example would be if you unpacked something and it had, you know, particles of dust, the dust isn't going to like fall to the ground. [00:36:24] Host: Oh, it's going right up. Yeah. [00:36:25] Natacha Chough: So eye complaints can be a common thing that we hear about after something like that. So we've got protective equipment up there. If -- if we think something's going to be particularly hazardous for them to open or unpack, we recommend that they wear goggles and that type of thing. [00:36:39] Host: Wow! I would not have thought the -- like a heat shield, I guess, that's -- like happening because of the [inaudible]. That's interesting. [00:36:46] Natacha Chough: It's actually documented in Lost Moon, Jim Lovell's book about Apollo 13, when they had to turn a lot of the power systems off, it was really cold in there, but they found if they didn't move around as much, their body heat actually heated the air particles around them. [00:37:02] Host: Woah! [Laughter] That is wild to think about! So that's what I was talking about when I was asking, like, what are some of the microgravity things that are just different? That's perfect! That's exactly what I was -- I would have never thought, like, so -- so if you just stay still, you stay warm, because you're kind of moving, it's just a different air environment. How about that? So I guess are you the one in charge, though, if they are unpacking something, for example? Like, you say, hey, you definitely have to wear goggles for this or something like that? [00:37:31] Natacha Chough: It actually depends on who owns the hardware. But there's a lot of other system interfaces that I'm not privy to that I think come into play, and the biomedical engineer helps us out with that, as well. So they kind of -- biomedical engineers essentially are what -- we call them the nuts and bolts, they work with the nuts and bolts of medical hardware, right? So if the ultrasound machine breaks, they troubleshoot that. If the human breaks for whatever reason, like that's our job, we're the blood and guts. [00:37:58] Host: [Laughing] The blood and guts. [00:37:59] Natacha Chough: Yeah, but the rashes, going back to the rashes, so the -- the reason sometimes rashes develop is, so, back to our example of unpacking something that's new, maybe it's off gassing some sort of particles and those particles, if they're not circulating in the air the same way that they do on earth, can sort of linger in one space, maybe near your skin or something, and that sort of exposure with I guess not as efficient airflow as you would have on earth may make the skin react a little bit. But there's also, like I mentioned, some immune changes that happen and some rashes and allergy-type symptoms can be related to that, as well. [00:38:36] Host: Oh, because your immune system isn't operating as -- as much so you react, I guess, a little bit more? [00:38:42] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so we -- that's something we don't totally understand yet. And even on earth, the immune -- immunology is one of the least understood medical specialties out there. Things are always changing. [00:38:53] Host: See, I don't understand why I get a flu shot sometimes, and then a month later I get the flu! [Laughter] I don't understand. I should be completely protected! And I know there's, like, you know, changes in strands or something. So, anyway, but, yeah, no, a lot of different things to -- to think about, I guess, from -- from your end, especially just -- that's a totally different world. Are you -- are you measuring some of these things over -- over time? And then understanding trends? Like, are there certain trends that you've seen just from studying astronauts in space for so long? [00:39:26] Natacha Chough: So we've got a group of epidemiologists, and then folks on the research side who are studying particular, you know, body systems, for example, like you're in chemistry or whatnot, those are the ones who are typically measuring those types of trends. [00:39:40] Host: Okay. [00:39:40] Natacha Chough: Yeah. And so anything that goes into our electronic medical record, we can have the epidemiologists look at and they can, you know, identify trends and they can control for changes in like the CAT scan machine that was used from this mission to this mission, and control for age or gender or whatnot, and so it's a lot of number crunching and, you know, doing statistics and making sure that any trends or changes that we're seeing are statistically significant. [00:40:05] Host: Okay, yeah. Because I know, like, you know, just understanding, like just basic, when you go to space, this is something that happens sort of things. Right? So your immune system gets a little bit weaker, your -- your muscles and bones start to, you know, get a little bit weaker and disappear so you have to build it back up and do this exercise all the time. Just medical things that you have to think about, you know, the human body, how it reacts to space. And these are things, these are lessons that we can take to missions beyond low-earth orbit too, right, to -- to station, our past station to, you know, the moon, deep space, Mars, all of that stuff. So how is the role of a flight surgeon going to change as we -- as the communication starts to get a little bit, you know, longer. Because when we go out to Mars, you're talking about when earth and Mars are at their farthest point away from each other, that's like a 40-something minute round trip for communication. [00:41:01] Natacha Chough: Yeah. Yeah, so, and the question is, right, like, do you then have a requirement to have a doctor onboard? And not only that, but what if the doctor is the one who is sick and becomes the patient, then what? Right? Because when you fly in an aircraft, you've got a pilot and a co-pilot, but if you've only got one doctor, I don't know, like, is it enough for someone else to, you know, be trained as a mid-level provider, like a physician assistant or a nurse practitioner or is it enough to have just in time, like on-orbit, you know, refresher training videos for a non-physician to be able to do a medical procedure? Do we need, you know, minimally-invasive surgery type capabilities on these spacecrafts? And those are all questions that, like I said, people way smarter than me are -- are looking into and challenges that we still need to address. [00:41:51] Host: Wow. Yeah, because there's -- there's a lot of different considerations. We just did a podcast pretty recently with Orion, and they were talking about just, like, for example, oxygen or something, right, like oxygen is super important to have on the spacecraft, but you can only put so many oxygen generators on the spacecraft before it becomes a little bit, okay, let's -- let's calm down. You know, because you have backups, but you can't just make -- keep making backups until you're perfectly fine. So the same with the physician's, right? You can't just have, like, an army of doctors going to space because, you know, it's just you need those other things, right, you can have a doctor, but then you need -- if you're doing Mars exploration, maybe a geologist, maybe an engineer, maybe a pilot, you know, you need all of the above, nice like diverse group of -- of astronauts who can do -- do it all in the -- in one mission. [00:42:40] Natacha Chough: Yeah, and I think also the -- the crew psychology is going to change a little bit. [00:42:45] Host: Oh yeah. [00:42:46] Natacha Chough: And so, you know, people have talked about, what's the ideal crew make up? Should they all be all one gender, should they have an even number versus an odd number? Because if you have an even number and you have a disagreement and you vote on something, what do you do if you have a tie? But if you have an odd number of crew members and there's one person who's the tiebreaker, are they then sort of, you know, like labeled as... [00:43:08] Host: Yeah. [00:43:09] Natacha Chough: You know? [00:43:09] Host: She's inside [inaudible] that guy or something. [00:43:11] Natacha Chough: And then there's questions about what kind of -- what degree of assertiveness or leadership do you want your commander versus someone who fosters more equality in community in a multi month, like, transit phase from earth to Mars, where there's not a lot going on, so do you really want somebody who's like super dominant on you all the time about something... [00:43:31] Host: Yeah. [00:43:31] Natacha Chough: ...when there's not a lot of operational things happening. [00:43:35] Host: Yeah. [00:43:35] Natacha Chough: Yeah, so a lot of -- a lot of factors there are going to be in play, but I think crew psychology and wellness is going to be huge. [00:43:43] Host: Oh yeah. I would assume that whatever crew they choose to do these deep space missions, they're going to be, you know, be able to do it all in a sense. They'll be super qualified people that have multiple disciplines, and when with the most recent astronaut class, that's reflected there too. You've got doctors with flight time, you've got Navy Seals slash doctor, you have, to know, an engineer in four different disciplines, so, you know, you got all of these people that can -- that can do it all. It's pretty cool. [Laughing] I guess from a flight surgeon perspective, you'd probably go more towards the -- the redundancy in doctor ability, like a doctor and then someone trained mid-level with the doctor, physician? [00:44:26] Natacha Chough: Potentially. Yeah, I mean, I guess I haven't really thought about it too much. I was just kind of like throwing out ideas, but [laughter], I mean, it's always good, you know, to have backups and potentially backups to your backup, so. [00:44:38] Host: So how about whenever, I mean, you know, we're going -- we're going out, way out into space, but I'm going to pull back for just a second. Like, your first -- your first time going out over to overseas, to support like a crew thing. I'm only asking -- I'm asking this selfishly because I'm about to go over to Kazakhstan myself. So what was -- what was that like, that experience of -- of, you know, working with the crew before a launch or after a landing or your first time? [00:45:05] Natacha Chough: So it actually felt very natural to me, and I think part of the reason is because I was a Peace Corp volunteer like before I went to medical school, and I was -- I lived in that region of the world. So I was doing service in Turkmenistan, and so to be in Kazakhstan was almost like coming home. So I felt very comfortable and part of that experience really turned me onto the International Space Station program because of the international cooperation part of it. So going over there was actually really fun for me, I really enjoyed it. And as to like the actual pre-launch experience, so as the deputy crew surgeon, for my first mission, your job is to take care of the family and launch guests that are invited. And so, you know, some folks aren't frequent international travelers, and Kazakhstan is fairly remote, so, you know, if you've got medical conditions, you know, I was trying to remind people to bring all their prescription meds that they're going to need, because we don't always necessarily have what they're going to need. We do carry a small medical pack with us with some like sleep meds and, you know, allergy meds, that type of thing, in case it's needed. [00:46:13] And then really it's just getting to know them, getting to make sure that your prime surgeon who's locked in quarantine has everything they need. If not, you know, we can arrange to -- to have extra supplies brought into them, you know, medically, if -- if they need something. And then the day of launch, depending on what time you launch, this may happen earlier or later, but I got up super early with our, you always have a nurse with you when you're going out into the field, and so we had the search and rescue forces pick us up in a van, and we went to the remote airport where their helicopter was staged to stay on the helicopter and wait for launch, and then once we got word that the crew had reached orbit, then the helicopter blade stops spinning and then we just go back to the hotel. So I -- on an ideal day, on launch, you're actually not doing too much, because things are working as they should. [00:47:08] Host: Right. Because your job is to be there, like, the helicopter blade spinning is the perfect analogy to, you know, if something goes wrong, you're getting in the helicopter. Right? That is your job. Otherwise, the blade stops spinning. So, that's exactly, cool. Wow, alright, a lot of -- a lot of cool stuff to do as a flight surgeon. Is there anything I missed about flight surgery, because a lot of this is very foreign to me because I, you know, medical stuff goes like right over my head [laughing], but I try -- I try to do my best to kind of summarize everything into something that's, you know, that we can tell out to the world and that makes a lot of sense and kind of encapsulates the story of astronaut health. [00:47:50] Natacha Chough: Oh, so there was one thing I was going to say. So, and this is kind of like a misconception that I think is important to clear up for folks out there who are interested in becoming a flight surgeon or who are in medical school. [00:48:00] Host: Yeah. [00:48:01] Natacha Chough: So, some flight surgeons have gone on to become astronauts, and subsequently flown in space, but they're in the minority. So being a flight surgeon is not a shortcut to becoming an astronaut, I'm sorry if I'm crushing any dreams out there, but we get to do a lot of what an astronaut does, except fly in space. So we're with them for a lot of the training they do, and, you know, while space is, no doubt, the best part of being an astronaut, it's a pretty small percentage of their career, so, like, I don't feel too bad about my job, I actually love my job, and it's -- there's another doc in our group who refers to it as being like, taking care of Lewis and Clark. And so I think that's totally appropriate and it's super rewarding. We are one of the first faces they see, you know, on landing. So if you see the -- the PAO shots of the crew getting pulled out of the Soyuz, we're like the, you know, the other person in the blue flight suit in the corner [laughing], making sure they're okay along with our -- we've got great Russian field medical nurses that help us out with taking vitals and all of that, so. [00:48:58] Host: That's right. You're there for every step of the way, except on the International Space Station. [00:49:02] Natacha Chough: That is okay. [00:49:03] Host: Yeah, that's -- oh, really, you wouldn't want to -- you wouldn't want to fly? [00:49:07] Natacha Chough: Oh, no, I just mean, you know, this job is so rewarding for me as is that I'm happy as a clam. [00:49:13] Host: Hey, yeah, you can't complain, because you're doing -- you're doing some really, really cool stuff. That's really awesome. Yeah, well if you -- if you do, you know, want to be a flight surgeon slash astronaut, there -- is it -- is it Kell Lindgren [phonetic]? [00:49:26] Natacha Chough: Kjell. [00:49:26] Host: Kjell Lindgren, yeah, Kjell Lindgren was a flight surgeon turned astronaut, right? [00:49:31] Natacha Chough: And Mike Beret, Tom Marshburn, and then Serena Aunon-Chancellor [phonetic] next year. [00:49:36] Host: What? Oh, all of them? [00:49:37] Natacha Chough: They were all previously flight surgeons. [00:49:39] Host: Ahhh, so you say it's low, but there's quite a few [laughter], there's quite a few! And, you know, definitely a medical doctor, I think, would be up there for someone who's essential on a deep space mission. I definitely think, you know, for missions beyond, they're going to be -- they're going to be up there. Because the human body is like -- it's one of the things we're focusing on when we're doing studies on the International Space Station, right? Like, studies on the human body, but then it's going to be a huge factor for missions beyond, because there's different things you have to worry about. [00:50:09] Natacha Chough: And we're the most annoying variable, I would say, right? Like, to -- to an engineer's who's focused on, you know, the spacecraft and things being like within binary ranges, we have the most variables within our physiologic system to -- to have the potential to drive folks crazy. So sometimes we'll get questions, you know, like, well, what's, you know, how low can this temperature be, or whatever, like, well, it depends. It depends on, you know, [laughing] all these different factors. And so I know that's -- that's hard to hear sometimes. So, you know, we have to -- to bound the question appropriately and then, you know, start from a place that's, you know, medically, ethically, you know, safe for the crew, and then that's your starting point to -- to work from there. [00:50:51] Host: Yeah. Yeah, and it's just -- it's got to be so cool just working with an astronaut throughout the whole thing. Have you ever done the 0 gravity flight? [00:50:58] Natacha Chough: Yes! Yep, that's part of our training as well. [00:51:00] Host: Alright! So that's -- so that's pretty close to space, right? [00:51:03] Natacha Chough: Yeah. [00:51:03] Host: You kind of feel the microgravity. [00:51:06] Natacha Chough: It's for 30 -- about 30 seconds at a time. Yeah, it's pretty much exactly how I imagined it like in my dreams as a kid. It was actually super fun, and it's -- it felt like Christmas [laughing]. That's like the best way I can describe it. [00:51:18] Host: Wow. Did you -- were you there as a flight surgeon like with an astronaut, or were you there for something else? [00:51:24] Natacha Chough: I was there as like an aerospace medicine resident in training. It was sort of just like an exposure flight for me. [00:51:31] Host: Yeah [laughing]. [00:51:31] Natacha Chough: It was super fun! [00:51:33] Host: Alright. Something definitely cool to get exposed to, right? That's like a once-in-a-lifetime kind of thing. That's pretty cool. [00:51:40] Natacha Chough: I'll take that over the, you know, losing brain cells in the hypoxia chamber [laughter]. [00:51:43] Host: Yeah! Unfortunately, that's something you've done multiple times. Multiple 0 gravity flights would be pretty cool. Alright. Alright, well, Natacha, thanks so much for coming on the show. I think this was a nice -- nice overview of what a flight surgeon does and how it helps in, you know, every step of the way for Lewis and Clark, I love that analogy, that's perfect. So, thanks for coming on the show and talking about what a flight surgeon does. [00:52:03] Natacha Chough: Thanks for having me! [00:52:04] Host: Very cool. [00:52:05] [ Music ] [00:52:14] [ Music & Radio Transmissions ] Host: Hey! Thanks for sticking around. So today we talked with Dr. Natacha Chough about her role as a flight surgeon and what that has to do with astronaut health. If you want to know what's going on in the role of human research and how that applies to spaceflight, NASA,gov/hrp is a great resource for all of that. Everything human research and how that applies to spaceflight. If you go to NASA.gov/iss, you can figure out all the stuff going on on the International Space Station, and a lot of that has to do with some of the human research we're doing, as we talked about it in this episode. Otherwise, on social media, you can follow us Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, follow the International Space Station accounts, they're verified and, you know, we got a lot of followers, so you can find us pretty easily. But just use the hashtag, AskNASA, on any one of those platforms, if you want to ask a question about the show, and actually that's where I found the recommendation for this show, is actually on Twitter. [00:53:19] So, I'm paying attention to all of that, just make sure to mention it's for Houston, we have a podcast, and then -- and then we'll go from there! So, the credits for today go to John [inaudible] and Alex [inaudible]. Thanks again to Dr. Natacha Chough for coming on the show this week. This podcast was recorded on November 15th. We'll be back next week!

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