[Our profession--as much an art as a science--Tidsskriftet 1881 - 1906].

PubMed

Schiøtz, Aina

2006-01-05

The Norwegian journal entitled The Journal of Practical Medicine: (Tidsskrift for praktisk Medicin) was established in 1881. From the eighth volume and onwards, publishing responsibility was taken over by the Norwegian Medical Association. In 1890, the name of the journal was changed to the Journal of The Norwegian Medical Association (Tidsskrift For Den norske laegeforening):, which this year celebrates its 125th anniversary. Why did a new medical journal emerge in the 1880s and why did it survive? How was the journal influenced by its time and how did it itself influence time, profession and field? Investigating the 25 first years of the history of the journal might give us some answers to these questions. The journal was more or less established as a protest against the strong theorisation of medicine and the dominant role of the natural sciences. The aim of the "founding fathers" was, through practical examples, to strengthen the art and practice of medicine. Practical experience is, the editors proclaimed, an essential source of medical knowledge and understanding. Under the auspices of the Medical Association, a new editorial line was established. From now on hygiene and social medicine were highlighted as key issues within medicine. In this the journal reflected dominant traits within society in general. Around 1900 there was an increasing demand for the competence of the professions in solving general problems. Steadily more areas were politicised and theorised. The journal reflected these traits and played an important role in the process of professionalisation and education in citizenship--in raising doctors' attention and responsibility towards societal issues.

Identity of Innovative Multifunctional Material Manufacturing Business in Latvia / Inovatīvu Daudzfunkcionālo Materiālu Ražotāju Identitāte Latvijā

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geipele, I.; Staube, T.; Ciemleja, G.; Zeltins, N.; Ekmanis, Yu.

2015-08-01

The publication comprises the results from the practical scientific investigation to define the profile and distinctions of the Latvian innovative multifunctional material manufacturing industry. The research is carried out by a holistic approach, including expert interviews, qualitative analysis of the official register data, practical survey, and financial data analysis. The paper seeks to give the detailed data on a technological profile of the mentioned representative companies, if there is a synergy or tough competition in the Latvian market. The current research is topical, because it is unique and does not have analogues in Latvia, and the research is timely due to correspondence with recently stated Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation in Latvia. The main findings are associated with recognition of the factors that make impact on commercialisation of the finished goods, obtained financial results and planned directions of development of the respondent companies. Publikācija sniedz veiktā zinātniski praktiskā pētījuma rezultātus, kura ietvaros tika noteikts Latvijas inovatīvu daudzfunkcionālo materiālu ražotāju darbības profils un identitāte. Pētījumā tika izmantota kompleksās analīzes metode, kas ietvēra ekspertu intervijas, uzņēmumu oficiāli reģistrēto datu kvalitatīvo analīzi, zinātniski praktisko aptauju, kā arī pētāmo uzņēmumu finanšu darbības rezultātu analīzi. Zinātniskais darbs sniedz izsmeļošu informāciju par mērķa uzņēmumu tehnoloģisko profilu un pēta, vai Latvijas mērķa ražošanas nozarē ir sinerģijas vai sīvās konkurences pazīmes. Šim zinātniskajam pētījumam ir noteikta aktualitāte saskaņā ar tā unikalitāti Latvijas valsts mērogā un atbilstība Viedās specializācijas stratēģijai. Pētījuma galvenie secinājumi ir saistīti ar uzņēmumu produkcijas komercializācijas ietekmējošo faktoru apzināšanu, sasniegtajiem finansiālajiem rezultātiem un pl