Sample records for zone air samples

  1. Solubility testing of actinides on breathing-zone and area air samples

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Metzger, Robert Lawrence

    The solubility of inhaled radionuclides in the human lung is an important characteristic of the compounds needed to perform internal dosimetry assessments for exposed workers. A solubility testing method for uranium and several common actinides has been developed with sufficient sensitivity to allow profiles to be determined from routine breathing zone and area air samples in the workplace. Air samples are covered with a clean filter to form a filter-sample-filter sandwich which is immersed in an extracellular lung serum simulant solution. The sample is moved to a fresh beaker of the lung fluid simulant each day for one week, and then weekly until the end of the 28 day test period. The soak solutions are wet ashed with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to destroy the organic components of the lung simulant solution prior to extraction of the nuclides of interest directly into an extractive scintillator for subsequent counting on a Photon-Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALSsp°ler ) spectrometer. Solvent extraction methods utilizing the extractive scintillators have been developed for the isotopes of uranium, plutonium, and curium. The procedures normally produce an isotopic recovery greater than 95% and have been used to develop solubility profiles from air samples with 40 pCi or less of Usb3Osb8. This makes it possible to characterize solubility profiles in every section of operating facilities where airborne nuclides are found using common breathing zone air samples. The new method was evaluated by analyzing uranium compounds from two uranium mills whose product had been previously analyzed by in vitro solubility testing in the laboratory and in vivo solubility testing in rodents. The new technique compared well with the in vivo rodent solubility profiles. The method was then used to evaluate the solubility profiles in all process sections of an operating in situ uranium plant using breathing zone and area air samples collected during routine

  2. Breathing zone air sampler

    DOEpatents

    Tobin, John

    1989-01-01

    A sampling apparatus is provided which comprises a sampler for sampling air in the breathing zone of a wearer of the apparatus and a support for the sampler preferably in the form of a pair of eyeglasses. The sampler comprises a sampling assembly supported on the frame of the eyeglasses and including a pair of sample transport tubes which are suspended, in use, centrally of the frame so as to be disposed on opposite sides of the nose of the wearer and which each include an inlet therein that, in use, is disposed adjacent to a respective nostril of the nose of the wearer. A filter holder connected to sample transport tubes supports a removable filter for filtering out particulate material in the air sampled by the apparatus. The sample apparatus is connected to a pump for drawing air into the apparatus through the tube inlets so that the air passes through the filter.

  3. Evaluation of air quality zone classification methods based on ambient air concentration exposure.

    PubMed

    Freeman, Brian; McBean, Ed; Gharabaghi, Bahram; Thé, Jesse

    2017-05-01

    Air quality zones are used by regulatory authorities to implement ambient air standards in order to protect human health. Air quality measurements at discrete air monitoring stations are critical tools to determine whether an air quality zone complies with local air quality standards or is noncompliant. This study presents a novel approach for evaluation of air quality zone classification methods by breaking the concentration distribution of a pollutant measured at an air monitoring station into compliance and exceedance probability density functions (PDFs) and then using Monte Carlo analysis with the Central Limit Theorem to estimate long-term exposure. The purpose of this paper is to compare the risk associated with selecting one ambient air classification approach over another by testing the possible exposure an individual living within a zone may face. The chronic daily intake (CDI) is utilized to compare different pollutant exposures over the classification duration of 3 years between two classification methods. Historical data collected from air monitoring stations in Kuwait are used to build representative models of 1-hr NO 2 and 8-hr O 3 within a zone that meets the compliance requirements of each method. The first method, the "3 Strike" method, is a conservative approach based on a winner-take-all approach common with most compliance classification methods, while the second, the 99% Rule method, allows for more robust analyses and incorporates long-term trends. A Monte Carlo analysis is used to model the CDI for each pollutant and each method with the zone at a single station and with multiple stations. The model assumes that the zone is already in compliance with air quality standards over the 3 years under the different classification methodologies. The model shows that while the CDI of the two methods differs by 2.7% over the exposure period for the single station case, the large number of samples taken over the duration period impacts the sensitivity

  4. Estimating the change of porosity in the saturated zone during air sparging.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Yih-jin; Kuo, Yu-chia; Chen, Tsu-chi; Chou, Feng-chih

    2006-01-01

    Air sparging is a remedial method for groundwater. The remedial region is similar to the air flow region in the saturated zone. If soil particles are transported during air sparging, the porosity distributions in the saturated zone change, which may alter the flow path of the air. To understand better the particle movement, this study performed a sandbox test to estimate the soil porosity change during air sparging. A clear fracture was formed and the phenomenon of particle movement was observed when the air injection was started. The moved sand filled the porous around the fracture and the reparked sand filled the fracture, reducing the porosity around the fracture. The results obtained from the photographs of the sandbox, the current measurements and the direct sand sample measurements were close to each other and are credible. Therefore, air injection during air sparging causes sand particle movement of sand, altering the characteristic of the sand matrix and the air distribution.

  5. Mapping air quality zones for coastal urban centers.

    PubMed

    Freeman, Brian; Gharabaghi, Bahram; Thé, Jesse; Munshed, Mohammad; Faisal, Shah; Abdullah, Meshal; Al Aseed, Athari

    2017-05-01

    This study presents a new method that incorporates modern air dispersion models allowing local terrain and land-sea breeze effects to be considered along with political and natural boundaries for more accurate mapping of air quality zones (AQZs) for coastal urban centers. This method uses local coastal wind patterns and key urban air pollution sources in each zone to more accurately calculate air pollutant concentration statistics. The new approach distributes virtual air pollution sources within each small grid cell of an area of interest and analyzes a puff dispersion model for a full year's worth of 1-hr prognostic weather data. The difference of wind patterns in coastal and inland areas creates significantly different skewness (S) and kurtosis (K) statistics for the annually averaged pollutant concentrations at ground level receptor points for each grid cell. Plotting the S-K data highlights grouping of sources predominantly impacted by coastal winds versus inland winds. The application of the new method is demonstrated through a case study for the nation of Kuwait by developing new AQZs to support local air management programs. The zone boundaries established by the S-K method were validated by comparing MM5 and WRF prognostic meteorological weather data used in the air dispersion modeling, a support vector machine classifier was trained to compare results with the graphical classification method, and final zones were compared with data collected from Earth observation satellites to confirm locations of high-exposure-risk areas. The resulting AQZs are more accurate and support efficient management strategies for air quality compliance targets effected by local coastal microclimates. A novel method to determine air quality zones in coastal urban areas is introduced using skewness (S) and kurtosis (K) statistics calculated from grid concentrations results of air dispersion models. The method identifies land-sea breeze effects that can be used to manage local air

  6. 76 FR 18395 - Safety Zone; Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Air Show, Oso Bay, Corpus Christi, TX

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-04

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Air Show, Oso Bay, Corpus Christi, TX AGENCY: Coast... zone on the navigable waters of Oso Bay in Corpus Christi, Texas in support of the 2011 Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Air Show. This temporary safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of...

  7. Microbiota of the ground air layers in natural and industrial zones of the Kola Arctic.

    PubMed

    Korneykova, Maria V; Evdokimova, Galina A

    2018-02-23

    The fungi and bacteria number, as well as the species composition of the fungi in the ground air layer in the European Arctic region of Russia, primarily in the tundra (the Rybachy Peninsula), in the subzone of the northern taiga (the Pasvik State Nature Reserve) and in the industrial areas (the Copper-Nickel Plant "Pechenganickel," the Kandalaksha Aluminum Plant) have been studied. One hundred and ninety-two atmosphere air samples of various ecosystems have been analyzed. The sample collection took place in the summer-autumn period (June, July, September, in 2012-2015) with the aspirator, precipitating microorganisms on the surface of media. The number of microorganisms per 1 m 3 of air was calculated. The portion of the airborne fungi in the ground air layer both in the tundra and in the taiga was higher in comparison with the bacteria, and amounted to 60-77% of the total number colony forming units (CFU). The least number of microorganisms in the investigated period was registered in the Barents Sea coastal atmospheric air, only 11-15 microbial CFU per 1 m 3 . The airborne fungi diversity in the taiga zone was richer than in the tundra. The fungi of the g. Penicillium predominated in both zones air. Bacteria gram-positive (the division Fermicutes) predominated within the bacterial biota. The species Penicillium decumbens, P. raistrickii prevailed in the air of the background tundra zone regions. The representatives of the genus Torula and Sterilia mycelia, P. raistrickii predominated in the taiga zone. Close by the Copper-Nickel Plant (about 3 km), the air bacterial contamination (100-600 CFU per 1 m 3 ) was revealed, with prevailing bacteria gram-negative (the division Gracilicutes). The species Cladosporium oxysporum predominated in the air to the greatest possible extent of the contaminated region due to the emissions of the Kandalaksha Aluminum Plant. The species Gongronella butleri were uppermost due to the emissions of the Copper-Nickel Plant

  8. Atmospheric Methane Mixing Ratios--The NOAA/CMDL Global Cooperative Air Sampling Network\\, 1983-1993

    DOE Data Explorer

    Dlugokencky, E. J. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado (USA); Lang, P. M. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado (USA); Masarie, K. A. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado (USA); Steele, L. P. [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia

    1994-01-01

    This data base presents atmospheric methane (CH4) mixing ratios from flask air samples collected over the period 1983-1993 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory's (NOAA/CMDL's) global cooperative air sampling network. Air samples were collected approximately once per week at 44 fixed sites (37 of which were still active at the end of 1993). Samples were also collected at 5 degree latitude intervals along shipboard cruise tracks in the Pacific Ocean between North America and New Zealand (or Australia) and at 3 degree latitude intervals along cruise tracks in the South China Sea between Singapore and Hong Kong. The shipboard measurements were made approximately every 3 weeks per latitude zone by each of two ships in the Pacific Ocean and approximately once every week per latitude zone in the South China Sea. All samples were analyzed for CH4 at the NOAA/CMDL laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, and each aliquot was referenced to the NOAA/CMDL methane standard scale. In addition to providing the complete set of atmospheric CH4 measurements from flask air samples collected at the NOAA/CMDL network sites, this data base also includes files which list monthly mean mixing ratios derived from the individual flask air measurements. These monthly summary data are available for 35 of the fixed sites and 21 of the shipboard sampling sites.

  9. 78 FR 17094 - Safety Zone; 2013 Naval Air Station Key West Air Spectacular, Boca Chica Channel; Boca Chica, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-20

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; 2013 Naval Air Station Key West Air Spectacular, Boca Chica Channel; Boca Chica, FL... Air Station Key West Air Spectacular. The safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of life on navigable waters during the air show and air show practices. Persons and vessels are prohibited...

  10. Alternative Methods for Assessing Contaminant Transport from the Vadose Zone to Indoor Air

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baylor, K. J.; Lee, A.; Reddy, P.; Plate, M.

    2010-12-01

    Vapor intrusion, which is the transport of contaminant vapors from groundwater and the vadose zone to indoor air, has emerged as a significant human health risk near hazardous waste sites. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) can volatilize from groundwater and from residual sources in the vadose zone and enter homes and commercial buildings through cracks in the slab, plumbing conduits, or other preferential pathways. Assessment of the vapor intrusion pathway typically requires collection of groundwater, soil gas, and indoor air samples, a process which can be expensive and time-consuming. We evaluated three alternative vapor intrusion assessment methods, including 1) use of radon as a surrogate for vapor intrusion, 2) use of pressure differential measurements between indoor/outdoor and indoor/subslab to assess the potential for vapor intrusion, and 3) use of passive, longer-duration sorbent methods to measure indoor air VOC concentrations. The primary test site, located approximately 30 miles south of San Francisco, was selected due to the presence of TCE (10 - 300 ug/L) in shallow groundwater (5 to 10 feet bgs). At this test site, we found that radon was not a suitable surrogate to asses vapor intrusion and that pressure differential measurements are challenging to implement and equipment-intensive. More significantly, we found that the passive, longer-duration sorbent methods are easy to deploy and compared well quantitatively with standard indoor air sampling methods. The sorbent technique is less than half the cost of typical indoor air methods, and also provides a longer duration sample, typically 3 to 14 days rather than 8 to 24 hours for standard methods. The passive sorbent methods can be a reliable, cost-effective, and easy way to sample for TCE, PCE and other VOCs as part of a vapor intrusion investigation.

  11. 76 FR 57644 - Air Installations Compatible Use Zones

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-16

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary 32 CFR Part 256 [DoD Instruction 4165.57] Air... removes the DoD's rule concerning air installations compatible use zones. The underlying DoD Instruction...; navigation (air); noise control. PART 256--[REMOVED] 0 Accordingly, by the authority of 5 U.S.C. 301, 32 CFR...

  12. Heavy metals found in the breathing zone, toenails and lung function of welders working in an air-conditioned welding workplace.

    PubMed

    Hariri, Azian; Mohamad Noor, Noraishah; Paiman, Nuur Azreen; Ahmad Zaidi, Ahmad Mujahid; Zainal Bakri, Siti Farhana

    2017-09-22

    Welding operations are rarely conducted in an air-conditioned room. However, a company would set its welding operations in an air-conditioned room to maintain the humidity level needed to reduce hydrogen cracks in the specimen being welded. This study intended to assess the exposure to metal elements in the welders' breathing zone and toenail samples. Heavy metal concentration was analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The lung function test was also conducted and analysed using statistical approaches. Chromium and manganese concentrations in the breathing zone exceeded the permissible exposure limit stipulated by Malaysian regulations. A similar trend was obtained in the concentration of heavy metals in the breathing zone air sampling and in the welders' toenails. Although there was no statistically significant decrease in the lung function of welders, it is suggested that exposure control through engineering and administrative approaches should be considered for workplace safety and health improvement.

  13. 76 FR 34867 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-15

    ... Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... Blue Angels Air Show safety zone on Lake Washington, Seattle, WA from 9 a.m. on August 4, 2011 to 4 p.m... Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance safety zone in 33 CFR 165.1319 daily from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m...

  14. 75 FR 17106 - Safety Zone; Red Bull Air Race, Detroit River, Detroit, MI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-05

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Red Bull Air Race, Detroit River, Detroit, MI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Detroit River during the Red Bull Air Race. This temporary safety zone is necessary to protect spectators and vessels from the hazards associated with air races. DATES: Comments and related material must be...

  15. Occurrence and quantitative microbial risk assessment of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in soil and air samples.

    PubMed

    Balderrama-Carmona, Ana Paola; Gortáres-Moroyoqui, Pablo; Álvarez-Valencia, Luis Humberto; Castro-Espinoza, Luciano; Mondaca-Fernández, Iram; Balderas-Cortés, José de Jesús; Chaidez-Quiroz, Cristóbal; Meza-Montenegro, María Mercedes

    2014-09-01

    Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route and may cause gastrointestinal parasitic zoonoses. These zoonoses are common in rural zones due to the parasites being harbored in fecally contaminated soil. This study assessed the risk of illness (giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis) from inhaling and/or ingesting soil and/or airborne dust in Potam, Mexico. To assess the risk of infection, Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) was employed, with the following steps: (1) hazard identification, (2) hazard exposure, (3) dose-response, and (4) risk characterization. Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were observed in 52% and 57%, respectively, of total soil samples (n=21), and in 60% and 80%, respectively, of air samples (n=12). The calculated annual risks were higher than 9.9 × 10(-1) for both parasites in both types of sample. Soil and air inhalation and/or ingestion are important vehicles for these parasites. To our knowledge, the results obtained in the present study represent the first QMRAs for cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis due to soil and air inhalation/ingestion in Mexico. In addition, this is the first evidence of the microbial air quality around these parasites in rural zones. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  16. 76 FR 26607 - Safety Zone; Air Power Over Hampton Roads, Back River, Hampton, VA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-09

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Air Power Over Hampton Roads, Back River, Hampton, VA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... the safety of life on navigable waters during the Air Power Over Hampton Roads Air Show. This action.... This safety zone is in the interest of public safety during the Hampton Roads Air Show and will be...

  17. 77 FR 49349 - Safety Zone; Chicago Air and Water Show, Lake Michigan, Chicago, IL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-16

    ... Zone; Chicago Air and Water Show, Lake Michigan, Chicago, IL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Water Show safety zone on Lake Michigan near Lincoln Park. This action is necessary to accurately reflect the enforcement dates and times for this safety zone due to changes made in this year's air show...

  18. New insight into the distribution pattern, levels, and risk diagnosis of FRs in indoor and outdoor air at low- and high-altitude zones of Pakistan: Implications for sources and exposure.

    PubMed

    Khan, Muhammad Usman; Besis, Athanasios; Li, Jun; Zhang, Gan; Malik, Riffat Naseem

    2017-10-01

    Data regarding flame retardants (FRs) in indoor and outdoor air and their exposure to population are scarce and especially unknown in the case of Pakistan. The current study was designed to probe FR concentrations and distribution pattern in indoor and outdoor air at different altitudinal zones (DAZs) of Pakistan with special emphasis on their risk to the exposed population. In this study, passive air samplers for the purpose of FR deposition were deployed in indoor and outdoor air at the industrial, rural, and background/colder zones/sites. All the indoor and outdoor air samples collected from DAZs were analyzed for the target FRs (9.30-472.30 pg/m 3 ), showing a decreasing trend as follows: ∑NBFRs > ∑PBDEs > ∑DP. However, significant correlations among FRs in the indoor and outdoor air at DAZs signified a similar source of FR origin that is used in different consumer goods. Furthermore, air mass trajectories revealed that movement of air over industrial area sources influenced concentrations of FRs at rural sites. The FR concentrations, estimated daily intake (EDI) and the hazard quotient (HQ), were recorded to be higher in toddlers than those in adults. In addition, indoor air samples showed higher FR levels, EDI and HQ, than outdoor air samples. An elevated FR concentrations and their prevalent exposure risks were recorded in the industrial zones followed by rural and background zones. The HQ for BDE-47 and BDE-99 in the indoor and outdoor air samples at different industrial and rural sites were recorded to be >1 in toddlers and adults, this further warrants a health risk in the population. However, FR investigation in indoor and outdoor air samples will provide a baseline data in Pakistan to take further steps by the government and agencies for its implementations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. 33 CFR 165.768 - Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Security Zone; MacDill Air Force....768 Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL. (a) Location. The following area is a security zone which exists concurrent with an Army Corps of Engineers restricted area in § 334.635 of this...

  20. 33 CFR 165.768 - Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Security Zone; MacDill Air Force....768 Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL. (a) Location. The following area is a security zone which exists concurrent with an Army Corps of Engineers restricted area in § 334.635 of this...

  1. 33 CFR 165.768 - Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Security Zone; MacDill Air Force....768 Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL. (a) Location. The following area is a security zone which exists concurrent with an Army Corps of Engineers restricted area in § 334.635 of this...

  2. 33 CFR 165.768 - Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Security Zone; MacDill Air Force....768 Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL. (a) Location. The following area is a security zone which exists concurrent with an Army Corps of Engineers restricted area in § 334.635 of this...

  3. 33 CFR 165.768 - Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Security Zone; MacDill Air Force....768 Security Zone; MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa Bay, FL. (a) Location. The following area is a... title. All waters within Tampa Bay, Florida in the vicinity of MacDill Air Force Base, including...

  4. 75 FR 56467 - Safety Zone; Ocean City Beachfront Air Show, Ocean City, NJ

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-16

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Ocean City Beachfront Air Show, Ocean City, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, NJ. The temporary safety zone will restrict vessel traffic from a portion of the Atlantic Ocean during the Ocean City Beachfront Air Show, which is an aerial demonstration to be...

  5. 78 FR 39594 - Safety Zone; Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-02

    ... Zone; Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of enforcement of regulation. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard will enforce the annual Seafair Blue Angels Air Show.... This safety zone is being enforced for the Patriots Jet Team, which will be flying in place of the Blue...

  6. Centrifugal study of zone of influence during air-sparging.

    PubMed

    Hu, Liming; Meegoda, Jay N; Du, Jianting; Gao, Shengyan; Wu, Xiaofeng

    2011-09-01

    Air sparging (AS) is one of the groundwater remediation techniques for remediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saturated soil. However, in spite of the success of air sparging as a remediation technique for the cleanup of contaminated soils, to date, the fundamental mechanisms or the physics of air flow through porous media is not well understood. In this study, centrifugal modeling tests were performed to investigate air flow rates and the evolution of the zone of influence during the air sparging under various g-levels. The test results show that with the increase in sparging pressure the mass flow rate of the air sparging volume increases. The air mass flow rate increases linearly with the effective sparging pressure ratio, which is the difference between sparging pressure and hydrostatic pressure normalized with respect to the effective overburden pressure at the sparging point. Also the slope of mass flow rate with effective sparging pressure ratio increases with higher g-levels. This variation of the slope of mass flow rate of air sparging volume versus effective sparging pressure ratio, M, is linear with g-level confirming that the air flow through soil for a given effective sparging pressure ratio only depends on the g-level. The test results also show that with increasing sparging pressure, the zone of influence (ZOI), which consists of the width at the tip of the cone or lateral intrusion and the cone angle, will lead to an increase in both lateral intrusion and the cone angle. With a further increase in air injection pressure, the cone angle reaches a constant value while the lateral intrusion becomes the main contributor to the enlargement of the ZOI. However, beyond a certain value of effective sparging pressure ratio, there is no further enlargement of the ZOI.

  7. 78 FR 20852 - Safety Zones; Marine Week Air Ground Demonstration, Lake Washington; Seattle, WA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-08

    ...-AA00 Safety Zones; Marine Week Air Ground Demonstration, Lake Washington; Seattle, WA AGENCY: Coast... safety zones around vessels and persons involved in the Marine Week Seattle Special Marine Air Ground...: Docket Management Facility (M-30), U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room...

  8. 75 FR 18778 - Safety Zone; Ocean City Air Show 2010, Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, MD

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-13

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Ocean City Air Show 2010, Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, MD AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... zone on the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Ocean City, Maryland to support the Ocean City Air Show..., 5, and 6, 2010 Ocean City, Maryland will host an air show event on the Atlantic Ocean between Talbot...

  9. Removing volatile contaminants from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Baehr, A.L.; Hoag, G.E.; Marley, M.C.

    1989-01-01

    Organic liquids inadvertently spilled and then distributed in the unsaturated zone can pose a long-term threat to ground water. Many of these substances have significant volatility, and thereby establish a premise for contaminant removal from the unsaturated zone by inducing advective air-phase transport with wells screened in the unsaturated zone. In order to focus attention on the rates of mass transfer from liquid to vapour phases, sand columns were partially saturated with gasoline and vented under steady air-flow conditions. The ability of an equilibrium-based transport model to predict the hydrocarbon vapor flux from the columns implies an efficient rate of local phase transfer for reasonably high air-phase velocities. Thus the success of venting remediations will depend primarily on the ability to induce an air-flow field in a heterogeneous unsaturated zone that will intersect the distributed contaminant. To analyze this aspect of the technique, a mathematical model was developed to predict radially symmetric air flow induced by venting from a single well. This model allows for in-situ determinations of air-phase permeability, which is the fundamental design parameter, and for the analysis of the limitations of a single well design. A successful application of the technique at a site once contaminated by gasoline supports the optimism derived from the experimental and modeliing phases of this study, and illustrates the well construction and field methods used to document the volatile contaminant recovery. ?? 1989.

  10. A method to assess the situation of air combat based on the missile attack zone

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Zhenqing; Liang, Xiao Long; Zhang, Jiaqiang; Liu, Liu

    2018-04-01

    Aiming at the question that we rarely consider the impact of target's attack zone in traditional situation assessment so that the assessment result is not comprehensive enough, a method that takes target's attack zone into account is presented. This paper has obtained the attack zone and the non-escape zone as the basis for quantitative analysis using the rapid simulation method and the air-to-air missile mathematical model. The situation of air combat is assessed by the ratio of the advantage function values of both sides, and the advantage function is constructed based on some influential factors such as height, speed, distance and angle. The simulation results have shown the effectiveness of this method.

  11. Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione in breathing zone and area air during large-scale commercial coffee roasting, blending and grinding processes.

    PubMed

    McCoy, Michael J; Hoppe Parr, Kimberly A; Anderson, Kim E; Cornish, Jim; Haapala, Matti; Greivell, John

    2017-01-01

    Recently described scientific literature has identified the airborne presence of 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) and 2,3-pentanedione at concentrations approaching or potentially exceeding the current American Conference of Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) at commercial coffee roasting and production facilities. Newly established National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limits for diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione are even more conservative. Chronic exposure to these alpha-diketones at elevated airborne concentrations has been associated with lung damage, specifically bronchiolitis obliterans, most notably in industrial food processing facilities. Workers at a large commercial coffee roaster were monitored for both eight-hour and task-based, short-term, 15-min sample durations for airborne concentrations of these alpha-diketones during specific work processes, including the coffee bean roasting, blending and grinding processes, during two separate 8-h work periods. Additionally, the authors performed real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the workers' breathing zone as well as the area workplace air for the presence of organic compounds to determine the sources, as well as quantitate and identify various organic compounds proximal to the roasting and grinding processes. Real-time FTIR measurements provided both the identification and quantitation of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, as well as other organic compounds generated during coffee bean roasting and grinding operations. Airborne concentrations of diacetyl in the workers' breathing zone, as eight-hour time-weighted averages were less than the ACGIH TLVs for diacetyl, while concentrations of 2,3-pentanedione were below the limit of detection in all samples. Short-term breathing zone samples revealed airborne concentrations for diacetyl that exceeded the ACGIH short-term exposure limit of 0.02 parts per million (ppm) in

  12. Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Weeks, Edwin P.

    1978-01-01

    The vertical permeability to air of layered materials in the unsaturated zone may be determined from air pressure data obtained at depth during a period when air pressure is changing at land surface. Such data may be obtained by monitoring barometric pressure with a microbarograph or surveying altimeter and simultaneously measuring down-hole pneumatic head differences in specially constructed piezometers. These data, coupled with air-filled porosity data from other sources, may be compared with the results of electric-analog or numerical solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation to make a trial-and-error determination of the air permeability for each layer. The permeabilities to air may in turn be converted to equivalent hydraulic conductivity values if the materials are well drained, are permeable enough that the Klinkenberg effect is small, and are structurally unaffected by wetting. The method offers potential advantages over present methods to evaluate sites for artificial recharge by spreading; to evaluate ground-water pollution hazards from feedlots, sanitary landfills , and land irrigated with sewage effluent; and to evaluate sites for temporary storage of gas in the unsaturated zone. (Woodard-USGS)

  13. 75 FR 32664 - Safety Zone; Milwaukee Air and Water Show, Lake Michigan, Milwaukee, WI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-09

    .... ACTION: Temporary final rule. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a safety zone on Lake Michigan... of Lake Michigan due to a large-scale air show and a fireworks display. This temporary safety zone is... air show and fireworks display. DATES: This regulation is effective from 12:01 a.m. on June 10, 2010...

  14. 76 FR 29647 - Safety Zone; Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show; Bogue Sound, Morehead City, NC

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-23

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show; Bogue Sound, Morehead City, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard... for the ``Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show,'' an aerial demonstration to be held over the waters of Bogue... notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) entitled Safety Zone; Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show; Bogue Sound...

  15. 40 CFR 61.34 - Air sampling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Air sampling. 61.34 Section 61.34... sampling. (a) Stationary sources subject to § 61.32(b) shall locate air sampling sites in accordance with a... concentrations calculated within 30 days after filters are collected. Records of concentrations at all sampling...

  16. Air sampling with solid phase microextraction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martos, Perry Anthony

    There is an increasing need for simple yet accurate air sampling methods. The acceptance of new air sampling methods requires compatibility with conventional chromatographic equipment, and the new methods have to be environmentally friendly, simple to use, yet with equal, or better, detection limits, accuracy and precision than standard methods. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) satisfies the conditions for new air sampling methods. Analyte detection limits, accuracy and precision of analysis with SPME are typically better than with any conventional air sampling methods. Yet, air sampling with SPME requires no pumps, solvents, is re-usable, extremely simple to use, is completely compatible with current chromatographic equipment, and requires a small capital investment. The first SPME fiber coating used in this study was poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a hydrophobic liquid film, to sample a large range of airborne hydrocarbons such as benzene and octane. Quantification without an external calibration procedure is possible with this coating. Well understood are the physical and chemical properties of this coating, which are quite similar to those of the siloxane stationary phase used in capillary columns. The log of analyte distribution coefficients for PDMS are linearly related to chromatographic retention indices and to the inverse of temperature. Therefore, the actual chromatogram from the analysis of the PDMS air sampler will yield the calibration parameters which are used to quantify unknown airborne analyte concentrations (ppb v to ppm v range). The second fiber coating used in this study was PDMS/divinyl benzene (PDMS/DVB) onto which o-(2,3,4,5,6- pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) was adsorbed for the on-fiber derivatization of gaseous formaldehyde (ppb v range), with and without external calibration. The oxime formed from the reaction can be detected with conventional gas chromatographic detectors. Typical grab sampling times were as small as 5 seconds

  17. Inertial impaction air sampling device

    DOEpatents

    Dewhurst, Katharine H.

    1990-01-01

    An inertial impactor to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air which may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

  18. 33 CFR 165.1319 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA. 165.1319 Section 165.1319 Navigation and Navigable... Thirteenth Coast Guard District § 165.1319 Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance...

  19. 33 CFR 165.1319 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA. 165.1319 Section 165.1319 Navigation and Navigable... Thirteenth Coast Guard District § 165.1319 Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance...

  20. 33 CFR 165.1319 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA. 165.1319 Section 165.1319 Navigation and Navigable... Thirteenth Coast Guard District § 165.1319 Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance...

  1. 33 CFR 165.1319 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA. 165.1319 Section 165.1319 Navigation and Navigable... Thirteenth Coast Guard District § 165.1319 Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance...

  2. Inertial impaction air sampling device

    DOEpatents

    Dewhurst, K.H.

    1990-05-22

    An inertial impactor is designed which is to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air. The device may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3 figs.

  3. Inertial impaction air sampling device

    DOEpatents

    Dewhurst, K.H.

    1987-12-10

    An inertial impactor to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air which may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3 figs.

  4. Air Sampling Filter

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1980-01-01

    General Metal Works' Accu-Vol is a high-volume air sampling system used by many government agencies to monitor air quality for pollution control purposes. Procedure prevents possible test-invalidating contamination from materials other than particulate pollutants, caused by manual handling or penetration of windblown matter during transit, a cassette was developed in which the filter is sealed within a metal frame and protected in transit by a snap-on aluminum cover, thus handled only under clean conditions in the laboratory.

  5. [Photometric determination of butyl "aeroflot" flotation agent (sodium dibutyl dithiophosphate) in the air of work zone and skin washings].

    PubMed

    Dorogova, V B; Kucheriavykh, E I; Sokolova, T V

    1989-01-01

    Photometric procedure of butyl "aeroflot" identification in the work zone air and in wash-out from workers' integument was developed, The procedure was based on the formation of yellow- and orange-dyed copper dibutyl dithiophosphate under butyl "aeroflot" interaction with copper sulphate with the subsequent photometry of dyed solutions for the wavelength of 420 nm in the 10-mm cell. Buffer solution with pH-9.2 was used as an absorbing solution for the workplace air sampling and integument wash-out.

  6. Diagnosing AIRS Sampling with CloudSat Cloud Classes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fetzer, Eric; Yue, Qing; Guillaume, Alexandre; Kahn, Brian

    2011-01-01

    AIRS yield and sampling vary with cloud state. Careful utilization of collocated multiple satellite sensors is necessary. Profile differences between AIRS and ECMWF model analyses indicate that AIRS has high sampling and excellent accuracy for certain meteorological conditions. Cloud-dependent sampling biases may have large impact on AIRS L2 and L3 data in climate research. MBL clouds / lower tropospheric stability relationship is one example. AIRS and CloudSat reveal a reasonable climatology in the MBL cloud regime despite limited sampling in stratocumulus. Thermodynamic parameters such as EIS derived from AIRS data map these cloud conditions successfully. We are working on characterizing AIRS scenes with mixed cloud types.

  7. Air sampling workshop: October 24-25, 1978

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1979-06-01

    A two-day workshop was held in October 1978 on air sampling strategies for the occupational environment. Strategies comprise the elements of implementing an air sampling program including deciding on the extent of sampling, selecting appropriate types of measurement, placing sampling instruments properly, and interpreting sample results correctly. All of these elements are vital in the reliable assessment of occupational exposures yet their coverage in the industrial hygiene literature is meager. Although keyed to a few introductory topics, the agenda was sufficiently informal to accommodate extemporaneous discussion on any subject related to sampling strategies. Questions raised during the workshop mirror themore » status of air sampling strategy as much as the factual information that was presented. It may be concluded from the discussion and questions that air sampling strategy is an elementary state and urgently needs concerted attention from the industrial hygiene profession.« less

  8. 40 CFR 61.34 - Air sampling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Air sampling. 61.34 Section 61.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Beryllium § 61.34 Air...

  9. 40 CFR 61.34 - Air sampling.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Air sampling. 61.34 Section 61.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Beryllium § 61.34 Air...

  10. 77 FR 40798 - Safety Zone; Nautical City Festival Air Show, Rogers City MI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-11

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Nautical City Festival Air Show, Rogers City MI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION...; Nautical City Festival Air Show, Rogers City MI; in the Federal Register (77 FR 29932). We received no... Nautical City Festival will be celebrating Calcite's 100th Anniversary. As part of that celebration, an air...

  11. 76 FR 11334 - Safety Zone; Soil Sampling; Chicago River, Chicago, IL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-02

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Soil Sampling; Chicago River, Chicago, IL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary... North Branch of the Chicago River due to soil sampling in this area. This temporary safety zone is... soil sampling efforts. DATES: This rule is effective from 7 a.m. on March 1, 2011, until 5 p.m. on...

  12. 76 FR 18672 - Safety Zone; Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show; Bogue Sound, Morehead City, NC

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-05

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show; Bogue Sound, Morehead City, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard... Safety Zone for the ``Big Rock Blue Marlin Air Show'', an aerial demonstration to be held over the waters... Register. Basis and Purpose On June 11, 2011 from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m., the Big Rock Blue Marlin Tournament...

  13. 33 CFR 165.1319 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair... Thirteenth Coast Guard District § 165.1319 Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance... Federal Register. (b) Location. The following is a safety zone: All waters of Lake Washington encompassed...

  14. 77 FR 44470 - Safety Zone; Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-30

    ... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... the safety hazards associated with the Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance which include low... Coast Guard is establishing this rule because the current regulation associated with the Seafair Blue...

  15. 77 FR 50019 - Safety Zone; Cocoa Beach Air Show, Atlantic Ocean, Cocoa Beach, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-20

    ... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Cocoa Beach Air Show, Atlantic Ocean, Cocoa Beach, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of the Atlantic Ocean located east of Cocoa Beach, Florida during the Cocoa Beach Air Show. The Cocoa Beach Air Show will include aircraft engaging in aerobatic maneuvers. The event is scheduled to...

  16. 76 FR 75453 - Restricted Areas and Danger Zones at Eglin Air Force Base, FL

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-02

    ... and Danger Zones at Eglin Air Force Base, FL AGENCY: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of... within the Eglin Air Force Base (AFB) facilities and along the Eglin AFB facility shoreline in Florida... have the permission of the Commander, 96 Air Base Wing, Eglin AFB or his/her authorized representative...

  17. 75 FR 23589 - Safety Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-04

    ... Zone Regulations, Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance, Seattle, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... Washington, WA for the annual Seafair Blue Angels Air Show from 10 a.m. on August 5, 2010 to 6 p.m. on August... Washington for the annual Seafair Blue Angels Air Show Performance. The Coast Guard will enforce the safety...

  18. Adaptive Sampling for Urban Air Quality through Participatory Sensing

    PubMed Central

    Zeng, Yuanyuan; Xiang, Kai

    2017-01-01

    Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. The popularization and powerful functions of smartphone applications enable people to participate in urban sensing to better know about the air problems surrounding them. Data sampling is one of the most important problems that affect the sensing performance. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Sampling Scheme for Urban Air Quality (AS-air) through participatory sensing. Firstly, we propose to find the pattern rules of air quality according to the historical data contributed by participants based on Apriori algorithm. Based on it, we predict the on-line air quality and use it to accelerate the learning process to choose and adapt the sampling parameter based on Q-learning. The evaluation results show that AS-air provides an energy-efficient sampling strategy, which is adaptive toward the varied outside air environment with good sampling efficiency. PMID:29099766

  19. 76 FR 31235 - Safety Zone; Ocean City Air Show, Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, MD

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-31

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Ocean City Air Show, Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, MD AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... in the vicinity of Ocean City, MD to support the Ocean City Air Show. This action is necessary to provide for the safety of life on navigable waters during the Ocean City Air Show. This action is intended...

  20. 75 FR 35296 - Safety Zones; 2010 Muskegon Summer Celebration Air Show, Muskegon Lake, Muskegon, MI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-22

    ...-AA00 Safety Zones; 2010 Muskegon Summer Celebration Air Show, Muskegon Lake, Muskegon, MI AGENCY: Coast... portions of Muskegon Lake due to the 2010 Muskegon Summer Celebration Air Show. These temporary safety... 2010 Muskegon Summer Celebration Air Show. The Captain of the Port, Sector Lake Michigan, has...

  1. Gas sampling method for determining pollutant concentrations in the flame zone of two swirl-can combustor modules

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Duerr, R. A.

    1975-01-01

    A gas sampling probe and traversing mechanism were developed to obtain detailed measurements of gaseous pollutant concentrations in the primary and mixing regions of combustors in order to better understand how pollutants are formed. The gas sampling probe was actuated by a three-degree-of-freedom traversing mechanism and the samples obtained were analyzed by an on-line gas analysis system. The pollutants in the flame zone of two different swirl-can combustor modules were measured at an inlet-air temperature of 590 K, pressure of 6 atmospheres, and reference velocities of 23 and 30 meters per second at a fuel-air ratio of 0.02. Typical results show large spatial gradients in the gaseous pollutant concentration close to the swirl-can module. Average concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decrease rapidly in the downstream wake regions of each module. By careful and detailed probing, the effect of various module design features on pollutant formation can be assessed. The techniques presently developed seem adequate to obtain the desired information.

  2. Correlation analysis of air pollutant index levels and dengue cases across five different zones in Selangor, Malaysia.

    PubMed

    Thiruchelvam, Loshini; Dass, Sarat C; Zaki, Rafdzah; Yahya, Abqariyah; Asirvadam, Vijanth S

    2018-05-07

    This study investigated the potential relationship between dengue cases and air quality - as measured by the Air Pollution Index (API) for five zones in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Dengue case patterns can be learned using prediction models based on feedback (lagged terms). However, the question whether air quality affects dengue cases is still not thoroughly investigated based on such feedback models. This work developed dengue prediction models using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and ARIMA with an exogeneous variable (ARIMAX) time series methodologies with API as the exogeneous variable. The Box Jenkins approach based on maximum likelihood was used for analysis as it gives effective model estimates and prediction. Three stages of model comparison were carried out for each zone: first with ARIMA models without API, then ARIMAX models with API data from the API station for that zone and finally, ARIMAX models with API data from the zone and spatially neighbouring zones. Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) gives goodness-of-fit versus parsimony comparisons between all elicited models. Our study found that ARIMA models, with the lowest BIC value, outperformed the rest in all five zones. The BIC values for the zone of Kuala Selangor were -800.66, -796.22, and -790.5229, respectively, for ARIMA only, ARIMAX with single API component and ARIMAX with API components from its zone and spatially neighbouring zones. Therefore, we concluded that API levels, either temporally for each zone or spatio- temporally based on neighbouring zones, do not have a significant effect on dengue cases.

  3. 77 FR 29932 - Safety Zone; Nautical City Festival Air Show, Rogers City, MI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-21

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; Nautical City Festival Air Show, Rogers City, MI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... City Festival will be celebrating Calcite's 100th Anniversary. As part of that celebration, an air show will be launched to the east of the Rogers City marina. The Captain of the Port Sault Sainte Marie has...

  4. 78 FR 31840 - Safety Zone; USO Patriotic Festival Air Show, Atlantic Ocean; Virginia Beach, VA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-28

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; USO Patriotic Festival Air Show, Atlantic Ocean; Virginia Beach, VA AGENCY: Coast... provide for the safety of life on navigable waters during the USO Patriotic Festival Air Show. This action... Patriotic Festival Air Show, Atlantic Ocean; Virginia Beach, VA. (a) Regulated Area. The following area is a...

  5. 75 FR 50952 - Safety Zone; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 [Docket No. USCG-2010-0705] RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard proposes two temporary safety zones while the U.S...

  6. 77 FR 56549 - Safety Zone; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-13

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 [Docket Number USCG-2012-0739] RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final rule. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone while the U.S. Navy...

  7. Use of a numerical simulation approach to improve the estimation of air-water exchange fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coastal zone.

    PubMed

    Lai, I-Chien; Lee, Chon-Lin; Ko, Fung-Chi; Lin, Ju-Chieh; Huang, Hu-Ching; Shiu, Ruei-Feng

    2017-07-15

    The air-water exchange is important for determining the transport, fate, and chemical loading of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere and in aquatic systems. Investigations of PAH air-water exchange are mostly based on observational data obtained using complicated field sampling processes. This study proposes a new approach to improve the estimation of long-term PAH air-water exchange fluxes by using a multivariate regression model to simulate hourly gaseous PAH concentrations. Model performance analysis and the benefits from this approach indicate its effectiveness at improving the flux estimations and at decreasing the field sampling difficulty. The proposed GIS mapping approach is useful for box model establishment and is tested for visualization of the spatiotemporal variations of air-water exchange fluxes in a coastal zone. The air-water exchange fluxes illustrated by contour maps suggest that the atmospheric PAHs might have greater impacts on offshore sites than on the coastal area in this study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Passive air sampling theory for semivolatile organic compounds.

    PubMed

    Bartkow, Michael E; Booij, Kees; Kennedy, Karen E; Müller, Jochen F; Hawker, Darryl W

    2005-07-01

    The mathematical modelling underlying passive air sampling theory can be based on mass transfer coefficients or rate constants. Generally, these models have not been inter-related. Starting with basic models, the exchange of chemicals between the gaseous phase and the sampler is developed using mass transfer coefficients and rate constants. Importantly, the inter-relationships between the approaches are demonstrated by relating uptake rate constants and loss rate constants to mass transfer coefficients when either sampler-side or air-side resistance is dominating chemical exchange. The influence of sampler area and sampler volume on chemical exchange is discussed in general terms and as they relate to frequently used parameters such as sampling rates and time to equilibrium. Where air-side or sampler-side resistance dominates, an increase in the surface area of the sampler will increase sampling rates. Sampling rates are not related to the sampler/air partition coefficient (K(SV)) when air-side resistance dominates and increase with K(SV) when sampler-side resistance dominates.

  9. Use of a land-use-based emissions inventory in delineating clean-air zones

    Treesearch

    Victor S. Fahrer; Howard A. Peters

    1977-01-01

    Use of a land-use-based emissions inventory from which air-pollution estimates can be projected was studied. First the methodology used to establish a land-use-based emission inventory is described. Then this inventory is used as input in a simple model that delineates clean air and buffer zones. The model is applied to the town of Burlington, Massachusetts....

  10. 78 FR 32556 - Safety Zone; 2013 Ocean City Air Show, Atlantic Ocean; Ocean City, MD

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-31

    ...-AA00 Safety Zone; 2013 Ocean City Air Show, Atlantic Ocean; Ocean City, MD AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... navigable waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Ocean City, MD to support the Ocean City Air Show... June 9, 2013, Ocean City, MD will host an air show event between Talbot Street and 33rd Street over the...

  11. Double-layer Tedlar bags: a means to limit humidity evolution of air samples and to dry humid air samples.

    PubMed

    Cariou, Stephane; Guillot, Jean-Michel

    2006-01-01

    Tedlar bags, which are widely used to collect air samples, especially VOCs and odorous atmospheres, can allow humidity to diffuse when relative humidity levels differ between the inside and outside. Starting with dry air inside the bag and humid air outside, we monitored equilibrium times under several conditions showing the evolution and influence of collected volumes and exposed surfaces. A double-film Tedlar bag was made, to limit the impact of external humidity on a sample at low humidity level. With the addition of a drying agent between both films, the evolution of humidity of a sample can be stopped for several hours. When a VOC mixture was monitored in a humid atmosphere, humidity was decreased but no significant evolution of VOC concentrations was observed.

  12. 75 FR 57857 - Safety Zone; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard 33 CFR Part 165 [Docket No. USCG-2010-0705] RIN 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION...; Blue Angels at Kaneohe Bay Air Show, Oahu, HI in the Federal Register (75 FR 159). We received no...

  13. Comparison of modeled traffic exposure zones using on-road air pollution measurements

    EPA Science Inventory

    Modeled traffic data were used to develop traffic exposure zones (TEZs) such as traffic delay, high volume, and transit routes in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina (USA). On-road air pollution measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxid...

  14. Estimation of bias with the single-zone assumption in measurement of residential air exchange using the perfluorocarbon tracer gas method.

    PubMed

    Van Ryswyk, K; Wallace, L; Fugler, D; MacNeill, M; Héroux, M È; Gibson, M D; Guernsey, J R; Kindzierski, W; Wheeler, A J

    2015-12-01

    Residential air exchange rates (AERs) are vital in understanding the temporal and spatial drivers of indoor air quality (IAQ). Several methods to quantify AERs have been used in IAQ research, often with the assumption that the home is a single, well-mixed air zone. Since 2005, Health Canada has conducted IAQ studies across Canada in which AERs were measured using the perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) gas method. Emitters and detectors of a single PFT gas were placed on the main floor to estimate a single-zone AER (AER(1z)). In three of these studies, a second set of emitters and detectors were deployed in the basement or second floor in approximately 10% of homes for a two-zone AER estimate (AER(2z)). In total, 287 daily pairs of AER(2z) and AER(1z) estimates were made from 35 homes across three cities. In 87% of the cases, AER(2z) was higher than AER(1z). Overall, the AER(1z) estimates underestimated AER(2z) by approximately 16% (IQR: 5-32%). This underestimate occurred in all cities and seasons and varied in magnitude seasonally, between homes, and daily, indicating that when measuring residential air exchange using a single PFT gas, the assumption of a single well-mixed air zone very likely results in an under prediction of the AER. The results of this study suggest that the long-standing assumption that a home represents a single well-mixed air zone may result in a substantial negative bias in air exchange estimates. Indoor air quality professionals should take this finding into consideration when developing study designs or making decisions related to the recommendation and installation of residential ventilation systems. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Indoor Air published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Health Canada.

  15. Air-sea interaction regimes in the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean and Antarctic marginal ice zone revealed by icebreaker measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yu, Lisan; Jin, Xiangze; Schulz, Eric W.; Josey, Simon A.

    2017-08-01

    This study analyzed shipboard air-sea measurements acquired by the icebreaker Aurora Australis during its off-winter operation in December 2010 to May 2012. Mean conditions over 7 months (October-April) were compiled from a total of 22 ship tracks. The icebreaker traversed the water between Hobart, Tasmania, and the Antarctic continent, providing valuable in situ insight into two dynamically important, yet poorly sampled, regimes: the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean and the Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Indian Ocean sector. The transition from the open water to the ice-covered surface creates sharp changes in albedo, surface roughness, and air temperature, leading to consequential effects on air-sea variables and fluxes. Major effort was made to estimate the air-sea fluxes in the MIZ using the bulk flux algorithms that are tuned specifically for the sea-ice effects, while computing the fluxes over the sub-Antarctic section using the COARE3.0 algorithm. The study evidenced strong sea-ice modulations on winds, with the southerly airflow showing deceleration (convergence) in the MIZ and acceleration (divergence) when moving away from the MIZ. Marked seasonal variations in heat exchanges between the atmosphere and the ice margin were noted. The monotonic increase in turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes after summer turned the MIZ quickly into a heat loss regime, while at the same time the sub-Antarctic surface water continued to receive heat from the atmosphere. The drastic increase in turbulent heat loss in the MIZ contrasted sharply to the nonsignificant and seasonally invariant turbulent heat loss over the sub-Antarctic open water.Plain Language SummaryThe icebreaker Aurora Australis is a research and supply vessel that is regularly chartered by the Australian Antarctic Division during the southern summer to operate in waters between Hobart, Tasmania, and Antarctica. The vessel serves as the main lifeline to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-16/pdf/2012-9061.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-16/pdf/2012-9061.pdf"><span>77 FR 22523 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; 2012 Ocean City <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show; Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, MD</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-16</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; 2012 Ocean City <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show; Atlantic Ocean, Ocean City, MD AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... the navigable waters of the Atlantic Ocean in Ocean City, MD. This action is necessary to provide for the safety of life on navigable waters during the 2012 Ocean City <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show. This action is intended to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4328459','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4328459"><span>Innovations in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to detect plant pathogens</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>West, JS; Kimber, RBE</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Many innovations in the development and use of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices have occurred in plant pathology since the first description of the Hirst spore trap. These include improvements in capture efficiency at relatively high <span class="hlt">air</span>-volume collection rates, methods to enhance the ease of <span class="hlt">sample</span> processing with downstream diagnostic methods and even full automation of <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, diagnosis and wireless reporting of results. Other innovations have been to mount <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers on mobile platforms such as UAVs and ground vehicles to allow <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at different altitudes and locations in a short space of time to identify potential sources and population structure. Geographical Information Systems and the application to a network of samplers can allow a greater prediction of airborne inoculum and dispersal dynamics. This field of technology is now developing quickly as novel diagnostic methods allow increasingly rapid and accurate quantifications of airborne species and genetic traits. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and interpretation of results, particularly action-thresholds, is improved by understanding components of <span class="hlt">air</span> dispersal and dilution processes and can add greater precision in the application of crop protection products as part of integrated pest and disease management decisions. The applications of <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers are likely to increase, with much greater adoption by growers or industry support workers to aid in crop protection decisions. The same devices are likely to improve information available for detection of allergens causing hay fever and asthma or provide valuable metadata for regional plant disease dynamics. PMID:25745191</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864356','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864356"><span>Primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> proportioner</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Cleary, Edward N. G.</p> <p>1982-10-12</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">air</span> proportioner is provided for a liquid hydrocarbon fueled gas turbine of the type which is convertible to oil gas fuel and to coal gas fuel. The turbine includes a shell for enclosing the turbine, an <span class="hlt">air</span> duct for venting <span class="hlt">air</span> in said shell to a gasifier, and a fuel injector for injecting gasified fuel into the turbine. The <span class="hlt">air</span> proportioner comprises a second <span class="hlt">air</span> duct for venting <span class="hlt">air</span> from the <span class="hlt">air</span> duct for mixing with fuel from the gasifier. The <span class="hlt">air</span> can be directly injected into the gas combustion basket along with the fuel from the injector or premixed with fuel from the gasifier prior to injection by the fuel injector.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797953','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797953"><span>Removal ratio of gaseous toluene and xylene transported from <span class="hlt">air</span> to root <span class="hlt">zone</span> via the stem by indoor plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, K J; Kim, H J; Khalekuzzaman, M; Yoo, E H; Jung, H H; Jang, H S</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>This work was designed to investigate the removal efficiency as well as the ratios of toluene and xylene transported from <span class="hlt">air</span> to root <span class="hlt">zone</span> via the stem and by direct diffusion from the <span class="hlt">air</span> into the medium. Indoor plants (Schefflera actinophylla and Ficus benghalensis) were placed in a sealed test chamber. Shoot or root <span class="hlt">zone</span> were sealed with a Teflon bag, and gaseous toluene and xylene were exposed. Removal efficiency of toluene and total xylene (m, p, o) was 13.3 and 7.0 μg·m(-3)·m(-2) leaf area over a 24-h period in S. actinophylla, and was 13.0 and 7.3 μg·m(-3)·m(-2) leaf area in F. benghalensis. Gaseous toluene and xylene in a chamber were absorbed through leaf and transported via the stem, and finally reached to root <span class="hlt">zone</span>, and also transported by direct diffusion from the <span class="hlt">air</span> into the medium. Toluene and xylene transported via the stem was decreased with time after exposure. Xylene transported via the stem was higher than that by direct diffusion from the <span class="hlt">air</span> into the medium over a 24-h period. The ratios of toluene transported via the stem versus direct diffusion from the <span class="hlt">air</span> into the medium were 46.3 and 53.7% in S. actinophylla, and 46.9 and 53.1% in F. benghalensis, for an average of 47 and 53% for both species. The ratios of m,p-xylene transported over 3 to 9 h via the stem versus direct diffusion from the <span class="hlt">air</span> into the medium was 58.5 and 41.5% in S. actinophylla, and 60.7 and 39.3% in F. benghalensis, for an average of 60 and 40% for both species, whereas the ratios of o-xylene transported via the stem versus direct diffusion from the <span class="hlt">air</span> into the medium were 61 and 39%. Both S. actinophylla and F. benghalensis removed toluene and xylene from the <span class="hlt">air</span>. The ratios of toluene and xylene transported from <span class="hlt">air</span> to root <span class="hlt">zone</span> via the stem were 47 and 60 %, respectively. This result suggests that root <span class="hlt">zone</span> is a significant contributor to gaseous toluene and xylene removal, and transported via the stem plays an important role in this process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AtmEn..66..145A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AtmEn..66..145A"><span>Presence of organophosphorus pesticide oxygen analogs in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Armstrong, Jenna L.; Fenske, Richard A.; Yost, Michael G.; Galvin, Kit; Tchong-French, Maria; Yu, Jianbo</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>A number of recent toxicity studies have highlighted the increased potency of oxygen analogs (oxons) of several organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. These findings were a major concern after environmental oxons were identified in environmental <span class="hlt">samples</span> from <span class="hlt">air</span> and surfaces following agricultural spray applications in California and Washington State. This paper reports on the validity of oxygen analog measurements in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for the OP pesticide, chlorpyrifos. Controlled environmental and laboratory experiments were used to examine artificial formation of chlorpyrifos-oxon using OSHA Versatile <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> (OVS) tubes as recommended by NIOSH method 5600. Additionally, we compared expected chlorpyrifos-oxon attributable to artificial transformation to observed chlorpyrifos-oxon in field <span class="hlt">samples</span> from a 2008 Washington State Department of Health <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring study using non-parametric statistical methods. The amount of artificially transformed oxon was then modeled to determine the amount of oxon present in the environment. Toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for chlorpyrifos-oxon were used to calculate chlorpyrifos-equivalent <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations. The results demonstrate that the NIOSH-recommended <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrix (OVS tubes with XAD-2 resin) was found to artificially transform up to 30% of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos-oxon, with higher percentages at lower concentrations (<30 ng m-3) typical of ambient or residential levels. Overall, the 2008 study data had significantly greater oxon than expected by artificial transformation, but the exact amount of environmental oxon in <span class="hlt">air</span> remains difficult to quantify with the current <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method. Failure to conduct laboratory analysis for chlorpyrifos-oxon may result in underestimation of total pesticide concentration when using XAD-2 resin matrices for occupational or residential <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Alternative methods that can accurately measure both OP pesticides and their oxygen analogs should be used for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, and a toxicity</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/radiation/analysis-epa-and-doe-wipp-air-sampling-data','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/analysis-epa-and-doe-wipp-air-sampling-data"><span>Analysis of EPA and DOE WIPP <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>During the April 2014 EPA visit to WIPP, EPA co-located four ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers with existing Department of Energy (DOE) ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers to independently corroborate DOE's reported <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15554542"><span>[Microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring in operating theatre: active and passive <span class="hlt">samplings</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pasquarella, C; Masia, M D; Nnanga, Nga; Sansebastiano, G E; Savino, A; Signorelli, C; Veronesi, L</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination was evaluated in 11 operating theatres using active and passive <span class="hlt">samplings</span>. SAS (Surface <span class="hlt">Air</span> System) <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> was used to evaluate cfu/m3 and settle plates were used to measure the index of microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination (IMA). <span class="hlt">Samplings</span> were performed at the same time on three different days, at three different times (before, during and after the surgical activity). Two points were monitored (patient area and perimeter of the operating theatre). Moreover, the cfu/m3 were evaluated at the <span class="hlt">air</span> inlet of the conditioner system. 74.7% of <span class="hlt">samplings</span> performed at the <span class="hlt">air</span> inlet and 66.7% of the <span class="hlt">samplings</span> performed at the patient area before the beginning of the surgical activity (at rest) exceeded the 35 cfu/m3 used as threshold value. 100% of IMA values exceeded the threshold value of 5. Using both active and passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, the microbial contamination was shown to increase significantly during activity. The cfu values were higher at the patient area than at the perimeter of the operating theatre. Mean values of the cfu/m3 during activity at the patient area ranged from a minimum of 61+/-41 cfu/m3 to a maximum of 242+/-136 cfu/m3; IMA values ranged from a minimum of 19+/-10 to a maximum of 129+/-60. 15.2% of <span class="hlt">samplings</span> performed at the patient area using SAS and 75.8% of <span class="hlt">samplings</span> performed using settle plates exceeded the threshold values of 180 cfu/m3 and 25 respectively, with a significant difference of the percentages. The highest values were found in the operating theatre with inadequate structural and managerial conditions. These findings confirm that the microbiological quality of <span class="hlt">air</span> may be considered a mirror of the hygienic conditions of the operating theatre. Settle plates proved to be more sensitive in detecting the increase of microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination related to conditions that could compromise the quality of the <span class="hlt">air</span> in operating theatres.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26715467','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26715467"><span>A simple novel device for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> by electrokinetic capture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gordon, Julian; Gandhi, Prasanthi; Shekhawat, Gajendra; Frazier, Angel; Hampton-Marcell, Jarrad; Gilbert, Jack A</p> <p>2015-12-27</p> <p>A variety of different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices are currently available to acquire <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for the study of the microbiome of the <span class="hlt">air</span>. All have a degree of technical complexity that limits deployment. Here, we evaluate the use of a novel device, which has no technical complexity and is easily deployable. An <span class="hlt">air</span>-cleaning device powered by electrokinetic propulsion has been adapted to provide a universal method for collecting <span class="hlt">samples</span> of the aerobiome. Plasma-induced charge in aerosol particles causes propulsion to and capture on a counter-electrode. The flow of ions creates net bulk airflow, with no moving parts. A device and electrode assembly have been re-designed from <span class="hlt">air</span>-cleaning technology to provide an average <span class="hlt">air</span> flow of 120 lpm. This compares favorably with current <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices based on physical <span class="hlt">air</span> pumping. Capture efficiency was determined by comparison with a 0.4 μm polycarbonate reference filter, using fluorescent latex particles in a controlled environment chamber. Performance was compared with the same reference filter method in field studies in three different environments. For 23 common fungal species by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), there was 100 % sensitivity and apparent specificity of 87 %, with the reference filter taken as "gold standard." Further, bacterial analysis of 16S RNA by amplicon sequencing showed equivalent community structure captured by the electrokinetic device and the reference filter. Unlike other current <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods, capture of particles is determined by charge and so is not controlled by particle mass. We analyzed particle sizes captured from <span class="hlt">air</span>, without regard to specific analyte by atomic force microscopy: particles at least as low as 100 nM could be captured from ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. This work introduces a very simple plug-and-play device that can <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> at a high-volume flow rate with no moving parts and collect particles down to the sub-micron range. The performance of the device is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AtmEn.167..553M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AtmEn.167..553M"><span>Uncertainties in monitoring of SVOCs in <span class="hlt">air</span> caused by within-sampler degradation during active and passive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Melymuk, Lisa; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Prokeš, Roman; Kukučka, Petr; Přibylová, Petra; Vojta, Šimon; Kohoutek, Jiří; Lammel, Gerhard; Klánová, Jana</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Degradation of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) occurs naturally in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> due to reactions with reactive trace gases (e.g., ozone, NOx). During <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> there is also the possibility for degradation of SVOCs within the <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler, leading to underestimates of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations. We investigated the possibility of this <span class="hlt">sampling</span> artifact in commonly used active and passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers for seven classes of SVOCs, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) typically covered by <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring programs, as well as SVOCs of emerging concern. Two active <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers were used, one equipped with an ozone denuder and one without, to compare relative differences in mass of collected compounds. Two sets of passive samplers were also deployed to determine the influence of degradation during longer deployment times in passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. In active <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers, comparison of the two <span class="hlt">sampling</span> configurations suggested degradation of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with concentrations up to 2× higher in the denuder-equipped sampler, while halogenated POPs did not have clear evidence of degradation. In contrast, more polar, reactive compounds (e.g., organophosphate esters and current use pesticides) had evidence of losses in the sampler with denuder. This may be caused by the denuder itself, suggesting <span class="hlt">sampling</span> bias for these compounds can be created when typical <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> apparatuses are adapted to limit degradation. Passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers recorded up to 4× higher concentrations when deployed for shorter consecutive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> periods, suggesting that within-sampler degradation may also be relevant in passive <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring programs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol1-sec90-205.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title30-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title30-vol1-sec90-205.pdf"><span>30 CFR 90.205 - Approved <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices; operation; <span class="hlt">air</span> flowrate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Approved <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices; operation; <span class="hlt">air</span>... LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY HEALTH STANDARDS-COAL MINERS WHO HAVE EVIDENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Procedures § 90.205 Approved <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices; operation; <span class="hlt">air</span> flowrate...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4674977','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4674977"><span>Estimation of bias with the single-<span class="hlt">zone</span> assumption in measurement of residential <span class="hlt">air</span> exchange using the perfluorocarbon tracer gas method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Van Ryswyk, K; Wallace, L; Fugler, D; MacNeill, M; Héroux, M È; Gibson, M D; Guernsey, J R; Kindzierski, W; Wheeler, A J</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Residential <span class="hlt">air</span> exchange rates (AERs) are vital in understanding the temporal and spatial drivers of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality (IAQ). Several methods to quantify AERs have been used in IAQ research, often with the assumption that the home is a single, well-mixed <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Since 2005, Health Canada has conducted IAQ studies across Canada in which AERs were measured using the perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) gas method. Emitters and detectors of a single PFT gas were placed on the main floor to estimate a single-<span class="hlt">zone</span> AER (AER1z). In three of these studies, a second set of emitters and detectors were deployed in the basement or second floor in approximately 10% of homes for a two-<span class="hlt">zone</span> AER estimate (AER2z). In total, 287 daily pairs of AER2z and AER1z estimates were made from 35 homes across three cities. In 87% of the cases, AER2z was higher than AER1z. Overall, the AER1z estimates underestimated AER2z by approximately 16% (IQR: 5–32%). This underestimate occurred in all cities and seasons and varied in magnitude seasonally, between homes, and daily, indicating that when measuring residential <span class="hlt">air</span> exchange using a single PFT gas, the assumption of a single well-mixed <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">zone</span> very likely results in an under prediction of the AER. PMID:25399878</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GRC-1974-C-01423.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GRC-1974-C-01423.html"><span>Convair F-106B Delta Dart with <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Equipment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1974-04-21</p> <p>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center’s Convair F-106B Delta Dart equipped with <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> equipment in the mid-1970s. NASA Lewis created and managed the Global <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Program (GASP) in 1972 in partnership with several airline companies. NASA researchers used the airliners’ Boeing 747 aircraft to gather <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> to determine the amount of pollution present in the stratosphere. Private companies developed the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> equipment for the GASP program, and Lewis created a particle collector. The collector was flight tested on NASA Lewis’ F-106B in the summer of 1973. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> equipment was automatically operated once the proper altitude was achieved. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> instruments collected dust particles in the <span class="hlt">air</span> so their chemical composition could be analyzed. The equipment analyzed one second’s worth of data at a time. The researchers also monitored carbon monoxide, monozide, ozone, and water vapor. The 747 flights began in December 1974 and soon included four airlines flying routes all over the globe. The F-106B augmented the airline data with <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of its own, seen here. It gathered <span class="hlt">samples</span> throughout this period from locations such as New Mexico, Texas, Michigan, and Ohio. In July 1977 the F-106B flew eight GASP flights in nine days over Alaska to supplement the earlier data gathered by the airlines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=257422&fed_org_id=1253&subject=homeland%20security%20research&view=desc&sortby=pubdateyear&showcriteria=1&count=25&searchall='sample%20collection'%20or%20'sampling%20methods'%20or%20sampling','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=257422&fed_org_id=1253&subject=homeland%20security%20research&view=desc&sortby=pubdateyear&showcriteria=1&count=25&searchall='sample%20collection'%20or%20'sampling%20methods'%20or%20sampling"><span>Systematic Evaluation of Aggressive <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> for Bacillus ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Report The primary objectives of this project were to evaluate the Aggressive <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> (AAS) method compared to currently used surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and to determine if AAS is a viable option for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> Bacillus anthracis spores.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/351175-air-pollution-problem-mexico-city-metropolitan-zone-photochemical-pollution','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/351175-air-pollution-problem-mexico-city-metropolitan-zone-photochemical-pollution"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> pollution problem in the Mexico City metropolitan <span class="hlt">zone</span>: Photochemical pollution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Alvarez, H.B.; Alvarez, P.S.; Echeverria, R.S.</p> <p>1997-12-31</p> <p>Mexico City Metropolitan <span class="hlt">Zone</span> (MCMZ) represents an example of a megacity where the <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution problem has reached an important evolution in a very short time, causing a risk in the health of a population of more than 20 million inhabitants. The atmospheric pollution problem in the MCMZ, began several decades ago, but it increased drastically in the middle of the 80`s. It is important to recognize that in the 60`s, 70`s and the first half of the 80`s the main pollutants were sulfur dioxide and total suspended particles. However since the second half of the 80`s until now, ozonemore » is the most important <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant besides of the suspended particles (PM{sub 10}) and other toxic pollutants (1--8). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the ozone atmospheric pollution problem in the MCMZ, as well as to analyze the results of several implemented <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution control strategies.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-25/pdf/2013-15164.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-25/pdf/2013-15164.pdf"><span>78 FR 37966 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; National Cherry Festival <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show and Fireworks Display, West Grand Traverse Bay...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-06-25</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; National Cherry Festival <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show and Fireworks Display, West Grand Traverse Bay... the hazards associated with fireworks displays and aircraft involved in the National Cherry Festival... Festival fireworks display and <span class="hlt">air</span> show. At the close of the comment period, no comments were received in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AtmEn.122..373F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AtmEn.122..373F"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> quality improvements following implementation of Lisbon's Low Emission <span class="hlt">Zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ferreira, F.; Gomes, P.; Tente, H.; Carvalho, A. C.; Pereira, P.; Monjardino, J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> pollution levels within Lisbon city limits have been exceeding the limit values established in European Union and national legislation since 2001, with the most problematic cases related to the levels of fine particles (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), mainly originated by road traffic. With the objective of answering this public health issue, an <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Action Plan was developed in 2006 and the respective Enforcement Plan was published in 2009. From the overall strategy, one of the major measures presented in this strategy was the creation of a Low Emission <span class="hlt">Zone</span> (LEZ) in Lisbon, which has been operating since July 2011. Implemented at different stages it has progressively expanded its area, including more vehicle types and adopting more stringent requirements in terms of minimum emission standards (currently LEZ phase 2 with EURO 2 in the city center - <span class="hlt">zone</span> 1 and EURO 1 in the rest of the LEZ area - <span class="hlt">zone</span> 2). At the same time the road axis comprised of Marquês de Pombal square and Avenida da Liberdade was subjected to profound changes in its traffic circulation model, reducing road traffic volumes. The analysis of the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality data before and after the LEZ phase 2 has shown positive evolution when comparing the period between 2011 (before measures) and 2013 (after measures). In 2013, there was a reduction in PM10 annual average concentration of 23% and NO2 annual average concentrations of 12%, compared with the year 2011. Although PM10 reductions were more significant inside the LEZ area, the same was not valid for NO2, suggesting that the implementation of these measures was not as effective in reducing NO2 levels as shown by results in other cities like Berlin and London. The results from road traffic characterization indicate a relevant effect on fleet renewal with an overall decrease in the relative weight of pre-EURO 2 vehicles in 2012/2013, compared with data from 2011. An important increase in the share of EURO 4 and EURO 5 vehicles was also</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1258641-simple-novel-device-air-sampling-electrokinetic-capture','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1258641-simple-novel-device-air-sampling-electrokinetic-capture"><span>A simple novel device for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> by electrokinetic capture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Gordon, Julian; Gandhi, Prasanthi; Shekhawat, Gajendra; ...</p> <p>2015-12-27</p> <p>A variety of different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices are currently available to acquire <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for the study of the microbiome of the <span class="hlt">air</span>. All have a degree of technical complexity that limits deployment. Here, we evaluate the use of a novel device, which has no technical complexity and is easily deployable. An <span class="hlt">air</span>-cleaning device powered by electrokinetic propulsion has been adapted to provide a universal method for collecting <span class="hlt">samples</span> of the aerobiome. Plasma-induced charge in aerosol particles causes propulsion to and capture on a counter-electrode. The flow of ions creates net bulk airflow, with no moving parts. A device and electrodemore » assembly have been re-designed from <span class="hlt">air</span>-cleaning technology to provide an average <span class="hlt">air</span> flow of 120 lpm. This compares favorably with current <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices based on physical <span class="hlt">air</span> pumping. Capture efficiency was determined by comparison with a 0.4 μm polycarbonate reference filter, using fluorescent latex particles in a controlled environment chamber. Performance was compared with the same reference filter method in field studies in three different environments. For 23 common fungal species by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), there was 100 % sensitivity and apparent specificity of 87%, with the reference filter taken as “gold standard.” Further, bacterial analysis of 16S RNA by amplicon sequencing showed equivalent community structure captured by the electrokinetic device and the reference filter. Unlike other current <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods, capture of particles is determined by charge and so is not controlled by particle mass. We analyzed particle sizes captured from <span class="hlt">air</span>, without regard to specific analyte by atomic force microscopy: particles at least as low as 100 nM could be captured from ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. This work introduces a very simple plug-and-play device that can <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> at a high-volume flow rate with no moving parts and collect particles down to the sub-micron range. In conclusion, the performance of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1258641','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1258641"><span>A simple novel device for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> by electrokinetic capture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gordon, Julian; Gandhi, Prasanthi; Shekhawat, Gajendra</p> <p></p> <p>A variety of different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices are currently available to acquire <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for the study of the microbiome of the <span class="hlt">air</span>. All have a degree of technical complexity that limits deployment. Here, we evaluate the use of a novel device, which has no technical complexity and is easily deployable. An <span class="hlt">air</span>-cleaning device powered by electrokinetic propulsion has been adapted to provide a universal method for collecting <span class="hlt">samples</span> of the aerobiome. Plasma-induced charge in aerosol particles causes propulsion to and capture on a counter-electrode. The flow of ions creates net bulk airflow, with no moving parts. A device and electrodemore » assembly have been re-designed from <span class="hlt">air</span>-cleaning technology to provide an average <span class="hlt">air</span> flow of 120 lpm. This compares favorably with current <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices based on physical <span class="hlt">air</span> pumping. Capture efficiency was determined by comparison with a 0.4 μm polycarbonate reference filter, using fluorescent latex particles in a controlled environment chamber. Performance was compared with the same reference filter method in field studies in three different environments. For 23 common fungal species by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), there was 100 % sensitivity and apparent specificity of 87%, with the reference filter taken as “gold standard.” Further, bacterial analysis of 16S RNA by amplicon sequencing showed equivalent community structure captured by the electrokinetic device and the reference filter. Unlike other current <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods, capture of particles is determined by charge and so is not controlled by particle mass. We analyzed particle sizes captured from <span class="hlt">air</span>, without regard to specific analyte by atomic force microscopy: particles at least as low as 100 nM could be captured from ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. This work introduces a very simple plug-and-play device that can <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> at a high-volume flow rate with no moving parts and collect particles down to the sub-micron range. In conclusion, the performance of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Th%26Ae..23..221T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Th%26Ae..23..221T"><span>Evaporative cooling of <span class="hlt">air</span> in an adiabatic channel with partially wetted <span class="hlt">zones</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Terekhov, V. I.; Gorbachev, M. V.; Khafaji, H. Q.</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>The paper deals with the numerical study of heat and mass transfer in the process of direct evaporation <span class="hlt">air</span> cooling in the laminar flow of forced convection in a channel between two parallel insulated plates with alternating wet and dry <span class="hlt">zones</span> along the length. The system of Navier-Stokes equations and equations of energy and steam diffusion are being solved in two-dimensional approximation. At the channel inlet, all thermal gas-dynamic parameters are constant over the cross section, and the channel walls are adiabatic. The studies were carried out with varying number of dry <span class="hlt">zones</span> ( n = 0-16), their relative length ( s/l = 0-1) and Reynolds number Re = 50-1000 in the flow of dry <span class="hlt">air</span> (φ0 = 0) with a constant temperature at the inlet (T 0 = 30 °C). The main attention is paid to optimization analysis of evaporation cell characteristics. It is shown that an increase in the number of alternating steps leads to an increase in the parameters of thermal and humid efficiency. With an increase in Re number and a decrease in the extent of wet areas, the efficiency parameter reduces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842474','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842474"><span>Can car <span class="hlt">air</span> filters be useful as a <span class="hlt">sampling</span> medium for <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution monitoring purposes?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Katsoyiannis, Athanasios; Birgul, Askin; Ratola, Nuno; Cincinelli, Alessandra; Sweetman, Andy J; Jones, Kevin C</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>Urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality and real human exposure to chemical environmental stressors is an issue of high scientific and political interest. In an effort to find innovative and inexpensive means for <span class="hlt">air</span> quality monitoring, the ability of car engine <span class="hlt">air</span> filters (CAFs) to act as efficient samplers collecting street level <span class="hlt">air</span>, to which people are exposed to, was tested. In particular, in the case of taxis, <span class="hlt">air</span> filters are replaced after regular distances, the itineraries are almost exclusively urban, cruising mode is similar and, thus, knowledge of the <span class="hlt">air</span> flow can provide with an integrated city <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span>. The present pilot study focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most important category of organic pollutants associated with traffic emissions. Concentrations of ΣPAHs in CAFs ranged between 650 and 2900 μg CAF(-1), with benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[123-cd]pyrene being the most abundant PAHs. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) ranged between 110 and 250 μg CAF(-1), accounting regularly for 5-15% of the total carcinogenic PAHs. The CAF PAH loads were used to derive road-level atmospheric PAH concentrations from a standard formula relating to the CAF <span class="hlt">air</span> flow. Important parameters/assumptions for these estimates are the cruising speed and the exposure duration of each CAF. Based on information obtained from the garage experts, an average '<span class="hlt">sampled</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> volume' of 48,750 m(3) per CAF was estimated, with uncertainty in this calculation estimated to be about a factor of 4 between the two extreme scenarios. Based on this <span class="hlt">air</span> volume, ΣPAHs ranged between 13 and 56 ng m(-3) and BaP between 2.1 and 5.0 ng m(-3), suggesting that in-traffic BaP concentrations can be many times higher than the limit values set by the UK (0.25 ng m(-3)) and the European Union (1.0 ng m(-3)), or from active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> stations normally cited on building roof tops or far from city centres. Notwithstanding the limitations of this approach, the very low cost, the continuous</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-05-01/pdf/2013-09993.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-05-01/pdf/2013-09993.pdf"><span>78 FR 25407 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zones</span>; National Cherry Festival <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show and Fireworks Display; West Grand Traverse Bay...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zones</span>; National Cherry Festival <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show and Fireworks Display; West Grand Traverse Bay... National Cherry Festival in Traverse City, MI will host an <span class="hlt">air</span> show over the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay. At the conclusion of the National Cherry Festival on July 6, 2013, fireworks will be launched in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036232','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036232"><span>Freeze core <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to validate time-lapse resistivity monitoring of the hyporheic <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Toran, Laura; Hughes, Brian; Nyquist, Jonathan; Ryan, Robert</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A freeze core sampler was used to characterize hyporheic <span class="hlt">zone</span> storage during a stream tracer test. The pore water from the frozen core showed tracer lingered in the hyporheic <span class="hlt">zone</span> after the tracer had returned to background concentration in collocated well <span class="hlt">samples</span>. These results confirmed evidence of lingering subsurface tracer seen in time-lapse electrical resistivity tomographs. The pore water exhibited brine exclusion (ion concentrations in ice lower than source water) in a sediment matrix, despite the fast freezing time. Although freeze core <span class="hlt">sampling</span> provided qualitative evidence of lingering tracer, it proved difficult to quantify tracer concentration because the amount of brine exclusion during freezing could not be accurately determined. Nonetheless, the additional evidence for lingering tracer supports using time-lapse resistivity to detect regions of low fluid mobility within the hyporheic <span class="hlt">zone</span> that can act as chemically reactive <span class="hlt">zones</span> of importance in stream health. © 2012, The Author(s). GroundWater © 2012, National Ground Water Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555963','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555963"><span>PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB in the ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> of a tropical Andean city: passive and active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> measurements near industrial and vehicular pollution sources.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cortés, J; González, C M; Morales, L; Abalos, M; Abad, E; Aristizábal, B H</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Concentration gradients were observed in gas and particulate phases of PCDD/F originating from industrial and vehicular sources in the densely populated tropical Andean city of Manizales, using passive and active <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers. Preliminary results suggest greater concentrations of dl-PCB in the mostly gaseous fraction (using quarterly passive samplers) and greater concentrations of PCDD/F in the mostly particle fraction (using daily active samplers). Dioxin-like PCB predominance was associated with the semi-volatility property, which depends on ambient temperature. Slight variations of ambient temperature in Manizales during the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> period (15°C-27°C) may have triggered higher concentrations in all passive <span class="hlt">samples</span>. This was the first passive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> monitoring of PCDD/F conducted in an urban area of Colombia. Passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> revealed that PCDD/F in combination with dioxin-like PCB ranged from 16 WHO-TEQ2005/m(3) near industrial sources to 7 WHO-TEQ2005/m(3) in an intermediate <span class="hlt">zone</span>-a reduction of 56% over 2.8 km. Active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of particulate phase PCDD/F and dl-PCB were analyzed in PM10 <span class="hlt">samples</span>. PCDD/F combined with dl-PCB ranged from 46 WHO-TEQ2005/m(3) near vehicular sources to 8 WHO-TEQ2005/m(3) in the same intermediate <span class="hlt">zone</span>, a reduction of 83% over 2.6 km. Toxic equivalent quantities in both PCDD/F and dl-PCB decreased toward an intermediate <span class="hlt">zone</span> of the city. Variations in congener profiles were consistent with variations expected from nearby sources, such as a secondary metallurgy plant, areas of concentrated vehicular emissions and a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). These variations in congener profile measurements of dioxins and dl-PCBs in passive and active <span class="hlt">samples</span> can be partly explained by congener variations expected from the various sources. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236340-air-sample-conditioner-helps-waste-treatment-plant-meet-emissions-standards','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236340-air-sample-conditioner-helps-waste-treatment-plant-meet-emissions-standards"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sample</span> Conditioner Helps the Waste Treatment Plant Meet Emissions Standards</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Glissmeyer, John A.; Flaherty, Julia E.; Pekour, Mikhail S.</p> <p>2014-12-02</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">air</span> in three of the Hanford Site Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) melter off-gas discharge stacks will be hot and humid after passing through the train of emission abatement equipment. The off-gas temperature and humidity levels will be incompatible with the airborne emissions monitoring equipment required for this type of stack. To facilitate <span class="hlt">sampling</span> from these facilities, an <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> conditioner system will be installed to introduce cool, dry <span class="hlt">air</span> into the <span class="hlt">sample</span> stream to reduce the temperature and dew point. This will avoid thermal damage to the instrumentation and problematic condensation. The complete <span class="hlt">sample</span> transport system mustmore » also deliver at least 50% of the particles in the <span class="hlt">sample</span> airstream to the <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection and on-line analysis equipment. The primary components of the <span class="hlt">sample</span> conditioning system were tested in a laboratory setting. The <span class="hlt">sample</span> conditioner itself is based on a commercially-available porous tube filter design. It consists of a porous sintered metal tube inside a coaxial metal jacket. The hot gas <span class="hlt">sample</span> stream passes axially through the porous tube, and the dry, cool <span class="hlt">air</span> is injected into the jacket and through the porous wall of the inner tube, creating an effective <span class="hlt">sample</span> diluter. The dilution and <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> mix along the entire length of the porous tube, thereby simultaneously reducing the dew point and temperature of the mixed <span class="hlt">sample</span> stream. Furthermore, because the dilution <span class="hlt">air</span> enters through the porous tube wall, the <span class="hlt">sample</span> stream does not come in contact with the porous wall and particle deposition is reduced in this part of the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system. Tests were performed with an environmental chamber to supply <span class="hlt">air</span> with the temperature and humidity needed to simulate the off-gas conditions. <span class="hlt">Air</span> from the chamber was passed through the conditioning system to test its ability to reduce the temperature and dew point of the <span class="hlt">sample</span> stream. To measure particle deposition, oil droplets in the range of 9 to 11</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928749','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928749"><span>Viewing-<span class="hlt">zone</span> enlargement method for <span class="hlt">sampled</span> hologram that uses high-order diffraction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mishina, Tomoyuki; Okui, Makoto; Okano, Fumio</p> <p>2002-03-10</p> <p>We demonstrate a method of enlarging the viewing <span class="hlt">zone</span> for holography that has holograms with a pixel structure. First, aliasing generated by the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of a hologram by pixel is described. Next the high-order diffracted beams reproduced from the hologram that contains aliasing are explained. Finally, we show that the viewing <span class="hlt">zone</span> can be enlarged by combining these high-order reconstructed beams from the hologram with aliasing.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000RScI...71.3065L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000RScI...71.3065L"><span>A new device for dynamic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of radon in <span class="hlt">air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lozano, J. C.; Escobar, V. Gómez; Tomé, F. Vera</p> <p>2000-08-01</p> <p>A new system is proposed for the active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of radon in <span class="hlt">air</span>, based on the well-known property of activated charcoal to retain radon. Two identical carbon-activated cartridges arranged in series remove the radon from the <span class="hlt">air</span> being <span class="hlt">sampled</span>. The <span class="hlt">air</span> passes first through a desiccant cell and then the carbon cartridges for short <span class="hlt">sampling</span> times using a low-flow pump. The alpha activity for each cartridge is determined by a liquid scintillation counting system. The cartridge is placed in a holder into a vial that also contains the appropriate amount of scintillation cocktail, in a way that avoids direct contact between cocktail and charcoal. Once dynamic equilibrium between the phases has been reached, the vials can be counted. Optimum <span class="hlt">sampling</span> conditions concerning flow rates and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> times are determined. Using those conditions, the method was applied to environmental <span class="hlt">samples</span>, straightforwardly providing good results for very different levels of activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803746','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803746"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> bubbles and hemolysis of blood <span class="hlt">samples</span> during transport by pneumatic tube systems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mullins, Garrett R; Bruns, David E</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Transport of blood <span class="hlt">samples</span> through pneumatic tube systems (PTSs) generates <span class="hlt">air</span> bubbles in transported blood <span class="hlt">samples</span> and, with increasing duration of transport, the appearance of hemolysis. We investigated the role of <span class="hlt">air</span>-bubble formation in PTS-induced hemolysis. <span class="hlt">Air</span> was introduced into blood <span class="hlt">samples</span> for 0, 1, 3 or 5min to form <span class="hlt">air</span> bubbles. Hemolysis in the blood was assessed by (H)-index, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and potassium in plasma. In an effort to prevent PTS-induced hemolysis, blood <span class="hlt">sample</span> tubes were completely filled, to prevent <span class="hlt">air</span> bubble formation, and compared with partially filled <span class="hlt">samples</span> after PTS transport. We also compared hemolysis in anticoagulated vs clotted blood subjected to PTS transport. As with transport through PTSs, the duration of <span class="hlt">air</span> bubble formation in blood by a gentle stream of <span class="hlt">air</span> predicted the extent of hemolysis as measured by H-index (p<0.01), LD (p<0.01), and potassium (p<0.02) in plasma. Removing <span class="hlt">air</span> space in a blood <span class="hlt">sample</span> prevented bubble formation and fully protected the blood from PTS-induced hemolysis (p<0.02 vs conventionally filled collection tube). Clotted blood developed less foaming during PTS transport and was partially protected from hemolysis vs anticoagulated blood as indicated by lower LD (p<0.03) in serum than in plasma after PTS <span class="hlt">sample</span> transport. Prevention of <span class="hlt">air</span> bubble formation in blood <span class="hlt">samples</span> during PTS transport protects <span class="hlt">samples</span> from hemolysis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=319410&subject=homeland%20security%20research&view=desc&sortby=pubdateyear&showcriteria=1&count=25&searchall='sample%20collection'%20or%20'sampling%20methods'%20or%20sampling&','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=319410&subject=homeland%20security%20research&view=desc&sortby=pubdateyear&showcriteria=1&count=25&searchall='sample%20collection'%20or%20'sampling%20methods'%20or%20sampling&"><span>Comparison of stationary and personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with an ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in the environment and essential for normal growth and development, yet excessive exposure can lead to impairments in neurological function. This study modeled ambient Mn concentrations as an alternative to stationary and personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to assess exposure for children enrolled in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study in Marietta, OH. Ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> Mn concentration values were modeled using US Environmental Protection Agency’s <span class="hlt">Air</span> Dispersion Model AERMOD based on emissions from the ferromanganese refinery located in Marietta. Modeled Mn concentrations were compared with Mn concentrations from a nearby stationary <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor. The Index of Agreement for modeled versus monitored data was 0.34 (48 h levels) and 0.79 (monthly levels). Fractional bias was 0.026 for 48 h levels and −0.019 for monthly levels. The ratio of modeled ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> Mn to measured ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> Mn at the annual time scale was 0.94. Modeled values were also time matched to personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for 19 children. The modeled values explained a greater degree of variability in personal exposures compared with time-weighted distance from the emission source. Based on these results modeled Mn concentrations provided a suitable approach for assessing airborne Mn exposure in this cohort. The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of <span class="hlt">air</span>-dispersion modeling as an approach to exposure assessment for ambient manganese.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E.944G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E.944G"><span>A Pilot Study to Understand the Variation in Indoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality in Different Economic <span class="hlt">Zones</span> of Delhi University</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Garg, Abhinav; Ghosh, Chirashree</p> <p></p> <p>Today, one of the most grave environmental health problems being faced by the urban population is the poor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality one breathes in. To testify the above statement, the recent survey report, World health statistics (WHO, 2012) reflects the fact that childhood mortality ratio from acute respiratory infection is one of the top leading causes of death in developing countries like India. Urban areas have a complex social stratification which ultimately results in forming different urban economic <span class="hlt">zones</span>. This research attempts to understand the Indoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality (IAQ) by taking into consideration different lifestyle of occupants inhabiting these economic <span class="hlt">zones</span>. The Study tries to evaluate the outdoor and indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality by understanding the variation of selected pollutants (SPM, SOx, NOx) for the duration of four months - from October, 2012-January, 2013. For this, three economic <span class="hlt">zones</span> (EZ) of Delhi University’s North Campus, were selected - Urban Slum (EZ I), Clerical (EZ II) and Faculty residence (EZ III). The statistical study indicates that Urban Slum (EZ I) was the most polluted site reporting maximum concentration of outdoor pollutants, whereas no significant difference in pollution load was observed in EZ II and EZ III. Further, the indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality was evaluated by quantifying the indoor and outdoor pollution concentration ratios that shows EZ III have most inferior indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, followed by EZ I and EZ II. Moreover, it was also observed that ratio (phenomenon of infiltration) was dominant at the EZ II but was low for the EZ I and EZ III. With the evidence of high Indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, the risk of pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections also increases, calling for an urgent requisite for making reforms to improve IAQ. Key words: Urban Area, Slum, IAQ, SOx, NOx, SPM</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60268&keyword=quality+AND+life+AND+work&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60268&keyword=quality+AND+life+AND+work&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>APPLICATION OF SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE DEVICES TO INDOOR <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLING</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are a relatively new passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> technique for nonpolar organic compounds that have been extensively used for surface water <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. A small body of literature indicates that SPMDs are also useful for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Because SPMDs ha...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/781500','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/781500"><span>Tank 241-AX-104 upper vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> cone penetrometer demonstration <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analysis plan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>FIELD, J.G.</p> <p>1999-02-02</p> <p>This <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analysis plan (SAP) is the primary document describing field and laboratory activities and requirements for the tank 241-AX-104 upper vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> cone penetrometer (CP) demonstration. It is written in accordance with Hanford Tank Initiative Tank 241-AX-104 Upper Vadose <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Demonstration Data Quality Objective (Banning 1999). This technology demonstration, to be conducted at tank 241-AX-104, is being performed by the Hanford Tanks Initiative (HTI) Project as a part of Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Retrieval Program (EM-30) and the Office of Science and Technology (EM-50) Tanks Focus Area. <span class="hlt">Sample</span> results obtained as part of this demonstration will providemore » additional information for subsequent revisions to the Retrieval Performance Evaluation (RPE) report (Jacobs 1998). The RPE Report is the result of an evaluation of a single tank farm (AX Tank Farm) used as the basis for demonstrating a methodology for developing the data and analyses necessary to support making tank waste retrieval decisions within the context of tank farm closure requirements. The RPE includes a study of vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> contaminant transport mechanisms, including analysis of projected tank leak characteristics, hydrogeologic characteristics of tank farm soils, and the observed distribution of contaminants in the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> in the tank farms. With limited characterization information available, large uncertainties exist as to the nature and extent of contaminants that may exist in the upper vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> in the AX Tank Farm. Traditionally, data has been collected from soils in the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> through the installation of boreholes and wells. Soil <span class="hlt">samples</span> are collected as the bore hole is advanced and <span class="hlt">samples</span> are screened on site and/or sent to a laboratory for analysis. Some in-situ geophysical methods of contaminant analysis can be used to evaluate radionuclide levels in the soils adjacent to an existing borehole. However, geophysical methods require compensation for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017RScI...88a4101B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017RScI...88a4101B"><span>Interferometrically stable, enclosed, spinning <span class="hlt">sample</span> cell for spectroscopic experiments on <span class="hlt">air</span>-sensitive <span class="hlt">samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baranov, Dmitry; Hill, Robert J.; Ryu, Jisu; Park, Samuel D.; Huerta-Viga, Adriana; Carollo, Alexa R.; Jonas, David M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In experiments with high photon flux, it is necessary to rapidly remove the <span class="hlt">sample</span> from the beam and to delay re-excitation until the <span class="hlt">sample</span> has returned to equilibrium. Rapid and complete <span class="hlt">sample</span> exchange has been a challenge for <span class="hlt">air</span>-sensitive <span class="hlt">samples</span> and for vibration-sensitive experiments. Here, a compact spinning <span class="hlt">sample</span> cell for <span class="hlt">air</span> and moisture sensitive liquid and thin film <span class="hlt">samples</span> is described. The principal parts of the cell are a copper gasket sealed enclosure, a 2.5 in. hard disk drive motor, and a reusable, chemically inert glass sandwich cell. The enclosure provides an oxygen and water free environment at the 1 ppm level, as demonstrated by multi-day tests with sodium benzophenone ketyl radical. Inside the enclosure, the glass sandwich cell spins at ≈70 Hz to generate tangential speeds of 7-12 m/s that enable complete <span class="hlt">sample</span> exchange at 100 kHz repetition rates. The spinning cell is acoustically silent and compatible with a ±1 nm rms displacement stability interferometer. In order to enable the use of the spinning cell, we discuss centrifugation and how to prevent it, introduce the cycle-averaged resampling rate to characterize repetitive excitation, and develop a figure of merit for a long-lived photoproduct buildup.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28147656','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28147656"><span>Interferometrically stable, enclosed, spinning <span class="hlt">sample</span> cell for spectroscopic experiments on <span class="hlt">air</span>-sensitive <span class="hlt">samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baranov, Dmitry; Hill, Robert J; Ryu, Jisu; Park, Samuel D; Huerta-Viga, Adriana; Carollo, Alexa R; Jonas, David M</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In experiments with high photon flux, it is necessary to rapidly remove the <span class="hlt">sample</span> from the beam and to delay re-excitation until the <span class="hlt">sample</span> has returned to equilibrium. Rapid and complete <span class="hlt">sample</span> exchange has been a challenge for <span class="hlt">air</span>-sensitive <span class="hlt">samples</span> and for vibration-sensitive experiments. Here, a compact spinning <span class="hlt">sample</span> cell for <span class="hlt">air</span> and moisture sensitive liquid and thin film <span class="hlt">samples</span> is described. The principal parts of the cell are a copper gasket sealed enclosure, a 2.5 in. hard disk drive motor, and a reusable, chemically inert glass sandwich cell. The enclosure provides an oxygen and water free environment at the 1 ppm level, as demonstrated by multi-day tests with sodium benzophenone ketyl radical. Inside the enclosure, the glass sandwich cell spins at ≈70 Hz to generate tangential speeds of 7-12 m/s that enable complete <span class="hlt">sample</span> exchange at 100 kHz repetition rates. The spinning cell is acoustically silent and compatible with a ±1 nm rms displacement stability interferometer. In order to enable the use of the spinning cell, we discuss centrifugation and how to prevent it, introduce the cycle-averaged resampling rate to characterize repetitive excitation, and develop a figure of merit for a long-lived photoproduct buildup.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/762958-results-from-geothermal-logging-air-core-water-chemistry-sampling-air-injection-testing-tracer-testing-northern-ghost-dance-fault-yucca-mountain-nevada-november-august','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/762958-results-from-geothermal-logging-air-core-water-chemistry-sampling-air-injection-testing-tracer-testing-northern-ghost-dance-fault-yucca-mountain-nevada-november-august"><span>Results from Geothermal Logging, <span class="hlt">Air</span> and Core-Water Chemistry <span class="hlt">Sampling</span>, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Injection Testing and Tracer Testing in the Northern Ghost Dance Fault, YUCCA Mountain, Nevada, November 1996 to August 1998</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lecain, G.D.; Anna, L.O.; Fahy, M.F.</p> <p>1998-08-01</p> <p>Geothermal logging, <span class="hlt">air</span> and core-water chemistry <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, <span class="hlt">air</span>-injection testing, and tracer testing were done in the northern Ghost Dance Fault at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, from November 1996 to August 1998. The study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. The fault-testing drill room and test boreholes were located in the crystal-poor, middle nonlithophysal <span class="hlt">zone</span> of the Topopah Spring Tuff, a tuff deposit of Miocene age. The drill room is located off the Yucca Mountain underground Exploratory Studies Facility at about 230 meters below ground surface. Borehole geothermal logging identified a temperature decreasemore » of 0.1 degree Celsius near the Ghost Dance Fault. The temperature decrease could indicate movement of cooler <span class="hlt">air</span> or water, or both, down the fault, or it may be due to drilling-induced evaporative or adiabatic cooling. In-situ pneumatic pressure monitoring indicated that barometric pressure changes were transmitted from the ground surface to depth through the Ghost Dance Fault. Values of carbon dioxide and delta carbon-13 from gas <span class="hlt">samples</span> indicated that <span class="hlt">air</span> from the underground drill room had penetrated the tuff, supporting the concept of a well-developed fracture system. Uncorrected carbon-14-age estimates from gas <span class="hlt">samples</span> ranged from 2,400 to 4,500 years. Tritium levels in borehole core water indicated that the fault may have been a conduit for the transport of water from the ground surface to depth during the last 100 years.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017RScI...88k5006S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017RScI...88k5006S"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> unit for breath analyzers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Szabra, Dariusz; Prokopiuk, Artur; Mikołajczyk, Janusz; Ligor, Tomasz; Buszewski, Bogusław; Bielecki, Zbigniew</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The paper presents a portable breath <span class="hlt">sampling</span> unit (BSU) for human breath analyzers. The developed unit can be used to probe <span class="hlt">air</span> from the upper airway and alveolar for clinical and science studies. The BSU is able to operate as a patient interface device for most types of breath analyzers. Its main task is to separate and to collect the selected phases of the exhaled <span class="hlt">air</span>. To monitor the so-called I, II, or III phase and to identify the airflow from the upper and lower parts of the human respiratory system, the unit performs measurements of the exhaled CO2 (ECO2) in the concentration range of 0%-20% (0-150 mm Hg). It can work in both on-line and off-line modes according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society standards. A Tedlar bag with a volume of 5 dm3 is mounted as a BSU <span class="hlt">sample</span> container. This volume allows us to collect ca. 1-25 selected breath phases. At the user panel, each step of the unit operation is visualized by LED indicators. This helps us to regulate the natural breathing cycle of the patient. There is also an operator's panel to ensure monitoring and configuration setup of the unit parameters. The operation of the breath <span class="hlt">sampling</span> unit was preliminarily verified using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) laboratory setup. At this setup, volatile organic compounds were extracted by solid phase microextraction. The tests were performed by the comparison of GC/MS signals from both exhaled nitric oxide and isoprene analyses for three breath phases. The functionality of the unit was proven because there was an observed increase in the signal level in the case of the III phase (approximately 40%). The described work made it possible to construct a prototype of a very efficient breath <span class="hlt">sampling</span> unit dedicated to breath <span class="hlt">sample</span> analyzers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCHyd.210...15M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCHyd.210...15M"><span>Monitoring well utility in a heterogeneous DNAPL source <span class="hlt">zone</span> area: Insights from proximal multilevel sampler wells and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> capture-<span class="hlt">zone</span> modelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McMillan, Lindsay A.; Rivett, Michael O.; Wealthall, Gary P.; Zeeb, Peter; Dumble, Peter</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Groundwater-quality assessment at contaminated sites often involves the use of short-screen (1.5 to 3 m) monitoring wells. However, even over these intervals considerable variation may occur in contaminant concentrations in groundwater adjacent to the well screen. This is especially true in heterogeneous dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source <span class="hlt">zones</span>, where cm-scale contamination variability may call into question the effectiveness of monitoring wells to deliver representative data. The utility of monitoring wells in such settings is evaluated by reference to high-resolution multilevel sampler (MLS) wells located proximally to short-screen wells, together with <span class="hlt">sampling</span> capture-<span class="hlt">zone</span> modelling to explore controls upon well <span class="hlt">sample</span> provenance and sensitivity to monitoring protocols. Field data are analysed from the highly instrumented SABRE research site that contained an old trichloroethene source <span class="hlt">zone</span> within a shallow alluvial aquifer at a UK industrial facility. With increased purging, monitoring-well <span class="hlt">samples</span> tend to a flow-weighted average concentration but may exhibit sensitivity to the implemented protocol and degree of purging. Formation heterogeneity adjacent to the well-screen particularly, alongside pump-intake position and water level, influence this sensitivity. Purging of low volumes is vulnerable to poor reproducibility arising from concentration variability predicted over the initial 1 to 2 screen volumes purged. Marked heterogeneity may also result in limited long-term <span class="hlt">sample</span> concentration stabilization. Development of bespoke monitoring protocols, that consider screen volumes purged, alongside water-quality indicator parameter stabilization, is recommended to validate and reduce uncertainty when interpreting monitoring-well data within source <span class="hlt">zone</span> areas. Generalised recommendations on monitoring well based protocols are also developed. A key monitoring well utility is their proportionately greater <span class="hlt">sample</span> draw from permeable horizons constituting a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475775','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475775"><span>Monitoring well utility in a heterogeneous DNAPL source <span class="hlt">zone</span> area: Insights from proximal multilevel sampler wells and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> capture-<span class="hlt">zone</span> modelling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McMillan, Lindsay A; Rivett, Michael O; Wealthall, Gary P; Zeeb, Peter; Dumble, Peter</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Groundwater-quality assessment at contaminated sites often involves the use of short-screen (1.5 to 3 m) monitoring wells. However, even over these intervals considerable variation may occur in contaminant concentrations in groundwater adjacent to the well screen. This is especially true in heterogeneous dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source <span class="hlt">zones</span>, where cm-scale contamination variability may call into question the effectiveness of monitoring wells to deliver representative data. The utility of monitoring wells in such settings is evaluated by reference to high-resolution multilevel sampler (MLS) wells located proximally to short-screen wells, together with <span class="hlt">sampling</span> capture-<span class="hlt">zone</span> modelling to explore controls upon well <span class="hlt">sample</span> provenance and sensitivity to monitoring protocols. Field data are analysed from the highly instrumented SABRE research site that contained an old trichloroethene source <span class="hlt">zone</span> within a shallow alluvial aquifer at a UK industrial facility. With increased purging, monitoring-well <span class="hlt">samples</span> tend to a flow-weighted average concentration but may exhibit sensitivity to the implemented protocol and degree of purging. Formation heterogeneity adjacent to the well-screen particularly, alongside pump-intake position and water level, influence this sensitivity. Purging of low volumes is vulnerable to poor reproducibility arising from concentration variability predicted over the initial 1 to 2 screen volumes purged. Marked heterogeneity may also result in limited long-term <span class="hlt">sample</span> concentration stabilization. Development of bespoke monitoring protocols, that consider screen volumes purged, alongside water-quality indicator parameter stabilization, is recommended to validate and reduce uncertainty when interpreting monitoring-well data within source <span class="hlt">zone</span> areas. Generalised recommendations on monitoring well based protocols are also developed. A key monitoring well utility is their proportionately greater <span class="hlt">sample</span> draw from permeable horizons constituting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26596499','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26596499"><span>Exploiting the locality of periodic subsystem density-functional theory: efficient <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of the Brillouin <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Genova, Alessandro; Pavanello, Michele</p> <p>2015-12-16</p> <p>In order to approximately satisfy the Bloch theorem, simulations of complex materials involving periodic systems are made n(k) times more complex by the need to <span class="hlt">sample</span> the first Brillouin <span class="hlt">zone</span> at n(k) points. By combining ideas from Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (DFT) and orbital-free DFT, for which no <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is needed due to the absence of waves, subsystem DFT offers an interesting middle ground capable of sizable theoretical speedups against Kohn-Sham DFT. By splitting the supersystem into interacting subsystems, and mapping their quantum problem onto separate auxiliary Kohn-Sham systems, subsystem DFT allows an optimal topical <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of the Brillouin <span class="hlt">zone</span>. We elucidate this concept with two proof of principle simulations: a water bilayer on Pt[1 1 1]; and a complex system relevant to catalysis-a thiophene molecule physisorbed on a molybdenum sulfide monolayer deposited on top of an α-alumina support. For the latter system, a speedup of 300% is achieved against the subsystem DTF reference by using an optimized Brillouin <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (600% against KS-DFT).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814769','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/814769"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> and smear <span class="hlt">sample</span> calculational tool for Fluor Hanford Radiological control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>BAUMANN, B.L.</p> <p>2003-07-11</p> <p>A spreadsheet calculation tool was developed to automate the calculations performed for determining the concentration of airborne radioactivity and smear counting as outlined in HNF-13536, Section 5.2.7, ''Analyzing <span class="hlt">Air</span> and Smear <span class="hlt">Samples</span>''. This document reports on the design and testing of the calculation tool. Radiological Control Technicians (RCTs) will save time and reduce hand written and calculation errors by using an electronic form for documenting and calculating work place <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Current expectations are RCTs will perform an <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> and collect the filter or perform a smear for surface contamination. RCTs will then survey the filter for gross alphamore » and beta/gamma radioactivity and with the gross counts utilize either hand calculation method or a calculator to determine activity on the filter. The electronic form will allow the RCT with a few key strokes to document the individual's name, payroll, gross counts, instrument identifiers; produce an error free record. This productivity gain is realized by the enhanced ability to perform mathematical calculations electronically (reducing errors) and at the same time, documenting the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106481','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106481"><span>Sorbent-based <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span> Part 1: Sorbent-based <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring options.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Woolfenden, Elizabeth</p> <p>2010-04-16</p> <p>Sorbent tubes/traps are widely used in combination with gas chromatographic (GC) analytical methods to monitor the vapour-phase fraction of organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Target compounds range in volatility from acetylene and freons to phthalates and PCBs and include apolar, polar and reactive species. Airborne vapour concentrations will vary depending on the nature of the location, nearby pollution sources, weather conditions, etc. Levels can range from low percent concentrations in stack and vent emissions to low part per trillion (ppt) levels in ultra-clean outdoor locations. Hundreds, even thousands of different compounds may be present in any given atmosphere. GC is commonly used in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) detection especially for environmental monitoring or for screening uncharacterised workplace atmospheres. Given the complexity and variability of organic vapours in <span class="hlt">air</span>, no one <span class="hlt">sampling</span> approach suits every monitoring scenario. A variety of different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategies and sorbent media have been developed to address specific applications. Key sorbent-based examples include: active (pumped) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> onto tubes packed with one or more sorbents held at ambient temperature; diffusive (passive) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> onto sorbent tubes/cartridges; on-line <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span>/gas streams into cooled sorbent traps; and transfer of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from containers (canisters, Tedlar) bags, etc.) into cooled sorbent focusing traps. Whichever <span class="hlt">sampling</span> approach is selected, subsequent analysis almost always involves either solvent extraction or thermal desorption (TD) prior to GC(/MS) analysis. The overall performance of the <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring method will depend heavily on appropriate selection of key <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analytical parameters. This comprehensive review of <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring using sorbent tubes/traps is divided into 2 parts. (1) Sorbent-based <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> option. (2) Sorbent selection and other aspects of optimizing sorbent-based <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring methods. The paper presents</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol2-sec165-151.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol2-sec165-151.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.151 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zones</span>; Fireworks Displays, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Shows and Swim Events in the Captain of the Port Long...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>....22″ W (NAD 83). 7.33Clam Shell Foundation Fireworks • Location: Waters of Three Mile Harbor, East..., <span class="hlt">Air</span> Shows and Swim Events in the Captain of the Port Long Island Sound <span class="hlt">Zone</span>. 165.151 Section 165.151... Swim Events in the Captain of the Port Long Island Sound <span class="hlt">Zone</span>. (a) Regulations. (1) The general...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697146','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697146"><span>Detection of the urban release of a bacillus anthracis simulant by <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Garza, Alexander G; Van Cuyk, Sheila M; Brown, Michael J; Omberg, Kristin M</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In 2005 and 2009, the Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA) staged deliberate releases of a commercially available organic pesticide containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to evaluate PFPA's biothreat response protocols. In concert with, but independent of, these releases, the Department of Homeland Security sponsored experiments to evaluate the efficacy of commonly employed <span class="hlt">air</span> and surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span> techniques for detection of an aerosolized biological agent. High-volume <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers were placed in the expected downwind plume, and <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected before, during, and after the releases. Environmental surface and personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected in the vicinity of the high-volume <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers hours after the plume had dispersed. The results indicate it is feasible to detect the release of a biological agent in an urban area both during and after the release of a biological agent using high-volume <span class="hlt">air</span> and environmental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> techniques.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0641/report.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0641/report.pdf"><span>Results of soil, ground-water, surface-water, and streambed-sediment <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plane 85, Columbus, Ohio, 1996</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Parnell, J.M.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Restoration Division, prepared the Surface- and Ground- Water Monitoring Work Plan for <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 85 (AFP 85 or Plant), Columbus, Ohio, under the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Installation Restoration Program to characterize any ground-water, surface-water, and soil contamination that may exist at AFP 85. The USGS began the study in November 1996. The Plant was divided into nine <span class="hlt">sampling</span> areas, which included some previously investi gated study sites. The investigation activities included the collection and presentation of data taken during drilling and water-quality <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Data collection focused on the saturated and unsatur ated <span class="hlt">zones</span> and surface water. Twenty-three soil borings were completed. Ten monitoring wells (six existing wells and four newly constructed monitoring wells) were selected for water-quality sam pling. Surface-water and streambed-sediment <span class="hlt">sampling</span> locations were chosen to monitor flow onto and off of the Plant. Seven sites were <span class="hlt">sampled</span> for both surface-water and streambed-sediment quality. This report presents data on the selected inorganic and organic constituents in soil, ground water, surface water, and streambed sediments at AFP 85. The methods of data collection and anal ysis also are included. Knowledge of the geologic and hydrologic setting could aid Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate, Restoration Division, and its governing regulatory agencies in future remediation studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss021e024700.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss021e024700.html"><span>Commander De Winne poses for a photo during <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2009-11-11</p> <p>ISS021-E-024700 (11 Nov. 2009) --- European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, Expedition 21 commander, uses the Microbial <span class="hlt">Air</span> Sampler kit (floating freely near De Winne) to obtain microbiology (bacterial & fungal) <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=106080','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=106080"><span>Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> with a Nested PCR Assay</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stärk, Katharina D. C.; Nicolet, Jacques; Frey, Joachim</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>This article describes the first successful detection of airborne Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under experimental and field conditions with a new nested PCR assay. <span class="hlt">Air</span> was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> with polyethersulfone membranes (pore size, 0.2 μm) mounted in filter holders. Filters were processed by dissolution and direct extraction of DNA for PCR analysis. For the PCR, two nested pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed by using an M. hyopneumoniae-specific DNA sequence of a repeated gene segment. A nested PCR assay was developed and used to analyze <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in eight pig houses where respiratory problems had been common. <span class="hlt">Air</span> was also <span class="hlt">sampled</span> from a mycoplasma-free herd. The nested PCR was highly specific and 104 times as sensitive as a one-step PCR. Under field conditions, the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system was able to detect airborne M. hyopneumoniae on 80% of farms where acute respiratory disease was present. No airborne M. hyopneumoniae was detected on infected farms without acute cases. The chance of successful detection was increased if <span class="hlt">air</span> was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> at several locations within a room and at a lower <span class="hlt">air</span> humidity. PMID:9464391</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=202081','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=202081"><span>Monitoring airborne fungal spores in an experimental indoor environment to evaluate <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and the effects of human activity on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Buttner, M P; Stetzenbach, L D</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Aerobiological monitoring was conducted in an experimental room to aid in the development of standardized <span class="hlt">sampling</span> protocols for airborne microorganisms in the indoor environment. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the relative efficiencies of selected <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods for the retrieval of airborne fungal spores and to determine the effect of human activity on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Dry aerosols containing known concentrations of Penicillium chrysogenum spores were generated, and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken by using Andersen six-stage, Surface <span class="hlt">Air</span> System, Burkard, and depositional samplers. The Andersen and Burkard samplers retrieved the highest numbers of spores compared with the measurement standard, an aerodynamic particle sizer located inside the room. Data from paired samplers demonstrated that the Andersen sampler had the highest levels of sensitivity and repeatability. With a carpet as the source of P. chrysogenum spores, the effects of human activity (walking or vacuuming near the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site) on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> were also examined. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken under undisturbed conditions and after human activity in the room. Human activity resulted in retrieval of significantly higher concentrations of airborne spores. Surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of the carpet revealed moderate to heavy contamination despite relatively low airborne counts. Therefore, in certain situations, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> without concomitant surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span> may not adequately reflect the level of microbial contamination in indoor environments. PMID:8439150</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...837...47V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...837...47V"><span>Seismic Measurement of the Locations of the Base of Convection <span class="hlt">Zone</span> and Helium Ionization <span class="hlt">Zone</span> for Stars in the Kepler Seismic LEGACY <span class="hlt">Sample</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Verma, Kuldeep; Raodeo, Keyuri; Antia, H. M.; Mazumdar, Anwesh; Basu, Sarbani; Lund, Mikkel N.; Silva Aguirre, Víctor</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Acoustic glitches are regions inside a star where the sound speed or its derivatives change abruptly. These leave a small characteristic oscillatory signature in the stellar oscillation frequencies. With the precision achieved by Kepler seismic data, it is now possible to extract these small amplitude oscillatory signatures, and infer the locations of the glitches. We perform glitch analysis for all the 66 stars in the Kepler seismic LEGACY <span class="hlt">sample</span> to derive the locations of the base of the envelope convection <span class="hlt">zone</span> (CZ) and the helium ionization <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The signature from helium ionization <span class="hlt">zone</span> is found to be robust for all stars in the <span class="hlt">sample</span>, whereas the CZ signature is found to be weak and problematic, particularly for relatively massive stars with large errorbars on the oscillation frequencies. We demonstrate that the helium glitch signature can be used to constrain the properties of the helium ionization layers and the helium abundance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204881','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204881"><span>A novel personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> device for collecting volatile organic compounds: a comparison to charcoal tubes and diffusive badges.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rossner, Alan; Farant, Jean-Pierre</p> <p>2004-02-01</p> <p>Evacuated canisters have been used for many years to collect ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for gases and vapors. Recently, significant interest has arisen in using evacuated canisters for personal breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> as an alternative to sorbent <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. A novel flow control device was designed and built at McGill University. The flow control device was designed to provide a very low flow rate, <0.5 mL/min, to allow a <span class="hlt">sample</span> to be collected over an extended period of time. Previous experiments run at McGill have shown agreement between the mathematical and empirical models to predict flow rate. The flow control device combined with an evacuated canister (capillary flow control-canister) was used in a series of experiments to evaluate its performance against charcoal tubes and diffusive badges. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> of six volatile organic compounds were simultaneously collected in a chamber using the capillary flow control-canister, charcoal tubes, and diffusive badges. Five different concentrations of the six volatile organic compounds were evaluated. The results from the three <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices were compared to each other and to concentration values obtained using an online gas chromatograph (GC). Eighty-four <span class="hlt">samples</span> of each method were collected for each of the six chemicals. Results indicate that the capillary flow control-canister device compares quite favorably to the online GC and to the charcoal tubes, p > 0.05 for most of the tests. The capillary flow control-canister was found to be more accurate for the compounds evaluated, easier to use, and easier to analyze than charcoal tubes and passive dosimeter badges.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1241486','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1241486"><span>Contemporary-use pesticides in personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> during pregnancy and blood <span class="hlt">samples</span> at delivery among urban minority mothers and newborns.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Whyatt, Robin M; Barr, Dana B; Camann, David E; Kinney, Patrick L; Barr, John R; Andrews, Howard F; Hoepner, Lori A; Garfinkel, Robin; Hazi, Yair; Reyes, Andria; Ramirez, Judyth; Cosme, Yesenia; Perera, Frederica P</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>We have measured 29 pesticides in plasma <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected at birth between 1998 and 2001 from 230 mother and newborn pairs enrolled in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health prospective cohort study. Our prior research has shown widespread pesticide use during pregnancy among this urban minority cohort from New York City. We also measured eight pesticides in 48-hr personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from the mothers during pregnancy. The following seven pesticides were detected in 48-83% of plasma <span class="hlt">samples</span> (range, 1-270 pg/g): the organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the carbamates bendiocarb and 2-isopropoxyphenol (metabolite of propoxur), and the fungicides dicloran, phthalimide (metabolite of folpet and captan), and tetrahydrophthalimide (metabolite of captan and captafol). Maternal and cord plasma levels were similar and, except for phthalimide, were highly correlated (p < 0.001). Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur were detected in 100% of personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> (range, 0.7-6,010 ng/m(3)). Diazinon and propoxur levels were significantly higher in the personal <span class="hlt">air</span> of women reporting use of an exterminator, can sprays, and/or pest bombs during pregnancy compared with women reporting no pesticide use or use of lower toxicity methods only. A significant correlation was seen between personal <span class="hlt">air</span> level of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur and levels of these insecticides or their metabolites in plasma <span class="hlt">samples</span> (maternal and/or cord, p < 0.05). The fungicide ortho-phenylphenol was also detected in 100% of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> but was not measured in plasma. The remaining 22 pesticides were detected in 0-45% of <span class="hlt">air</span> or plasma <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, propoxur, and bendiocarb levels in <span class="hlt">air</span> and/or plasma decreased significantly between 1998 and 2001. Findings indicate that pesticide exposures are frequent but decreasing and that the pesticides are readily transferred to the developing fetus during pregnancy. PMID:12727605</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28980153','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28980153"><span>A method to determine the protection <span class="hlt">zone</span> of chemical industrial park considering <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, health risk and environmental risk: a case study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shi, Jingang; Zhang, Mingbo; Li, Dong; Liu, Jia</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In China, chemical enterprises are required to cluster into a large number of chemical industrial parks (CIPs), which increase risks and threats to the environment and human being's health due to aggregation of the complicated chemical process and huge unit scale. Setting a scientific and reasonable protection <span class="hlt">zone</span> around CIP is a very efficient way to protect surrounding people's health. A method was designed to determine the comprehensive protection <span class="hlt">zone</span> of CIP, taking into account multiple factors: <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, health risk and environmental risk. By establishing a comprehensive and multi-levels index system, the protection <span class="hlt">zone</span> and the corresponding environmental risk management countermeasures can be proposed hierarchically, which are very important to the development and environmental risk management of CIP. A CIP located in coastal area of Shandong Province was studied, and it is turned out that the method to determine the protection <span class="hlt">zone</span> of chemical industrial park considering <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, health risk and environmental risk has great advantages compared with other methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25058930','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25058930"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> quality in developing world disaster and conflict <span class="hlt">zones</span>--the case of post-earthquake Haiti.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Davis, Mary E; Rappaport, Ann</p> <p>2014-10-15</p> <p>Data on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality are remarkably limited in the poorest of the world's countries. This is especially true for post-conflict and disaster <span class="hlt">zones</span>, where international relief efforts focus largely on more salient public health challenges such as water and sanitation, infectious diseases, and housing. Using post-earthquake Haiti as the example case, this commentary explores <span class="hlt">air</span> quality challenges in the developing world, highlighting concerns related to infrastructure damage from post-conflict and disaster settings. We contend that there is a growing and presently unmet need for further research and attention from the global health community to address these issues. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28926789','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28926789"><span>Profiling quinones in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from the Athabasca region (Canada).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wnorowski, Andrzej; Charland, Jean-Pierre</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This paper presents new findings on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation products-quinones that were collected in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in the proximity of oil sands exploration. Quinones were characterized for their diurnal concentration variability, phase partitioning, and molecular size distribution. Gas-phase (GP) and particle-phase (PM) ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected separately in the summer; a lower quinone content was observed in the PM <span class="hlt">samples</span> from continuous 24-h <span class="hlt">sampling</span> than from combined 12-h <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (day and night). The daytime/nocturnal <span class="hlt">samples</span> demonstrated that nighttime conditions led to lower concentrations and some quinones not being detected. The highest quinone levels were associated with wind directions originating from oil sands exploration sites. The statistical correlation with primary pollutants directly emitted from oil sands industrial activities indicated that the bulk of the detected quinones did not originate directly from primary emission sources and that quinone formation paralleled a reduction in primary source NO x levels. This suggests a secondary chemical transformation of primary pollutants as the origin of the determined quinones. Measurements of 19 quinones included five that have not previously been reported in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> or in Standard Reference Material 1649a/1649b and seven that have not been previously measured in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> in the underivatized form. This is the first paper to report on quinone characterization in secondary organic aerosols originating from oil sands activities, to distinguish chrysenequinone and anthraquinone positional isomers in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>, and to report the requirement of daylight conditions for benzo[a]pyrenequinone and naphthacenequinone to be present in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA618253','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA618253"><span>China’s <span class="hlt">Air</span> Defense Identification <span class="hlt">Zone</span>: Concept, Issues at Stake and Regional Impact</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-12-23</p> <p>early Chinese legal culture ” Karen Turner “War, Punishment, and The Law of Nature in Early Chinese Concepts of The State”, Harvard Journal of Asiatic...lack of strategic direction, moral relativism , a failure to gauge the significance of what is at stake, and distraction with events in other regions of...WORKING PAPER 1 posted 23 December 2013 CHINA’S <span class="hlt">AIR</span> DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION <span class="hlt">ZONE</span>: CONCEPT , ISSUES AT STAKE AND REGIONAL IMPACT</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28640202','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28640202"><span>Evaluation of Legionella <span class="hlt">Air</span> Contamination in Healthcare Facilities by Different <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Methods: An Italian Multicenter Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Montagna, Maria Teresa; De Giglio, Osvalda; Cristina, Maria Luisa; Napoli, Christian; Pacifico, Claudia; Agodi, Antonella; Baldovin, Tatjana; Casini, Beatrice; Coniglio, Maria Anna; D'Errico, Marcello Mario; Delia, Santi Antonino; Deriu, Maria Grazia; Guida, Marco; Laganà, Pasqualina; Liguori, Giorgio; Moro, Matteo; Mura, Ida; Pennino, Francesca; Privitera, Gaetano; Romano Spica, Vincenzo; Sembeni, Silvia; Spagnolo, Anna Maria; Tardivo, Stefano; Torre, Ida; Valeriani, Federica; Albertini, Roberto; Pasquarella, Cesira</p> <p>2017-06-22</p> <p>Healthcare facilities (HF) represent an at-risk environment for legionellosis transmission occurring after inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In general, the control of water is preferred to that of <span class="hlt">air</span> because, to date, there are no standardized <span class="hlt">sampling</span> protocols. Legionella <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination was investigated in the bathrooms of 11 HF by active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (Surface <span class="hlt">Air</span> System and Coriolis ® μ) and passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using settling plates. During the 8-hour <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, hot tap water was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> three times. All <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were evaluated using culture-based methods, whereas liquid <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected using the Coriolis ® μ were also analyzed by real-time PCR. Legionella presence in the <span class="hlt">air</span> and water was then compared by sequence-based typing (SBT) methods. <span class="hlt">Air</span> contamination was found in four HF (36.4%) by at least one of the culturable methods. The culturable investigation by Coriolis ® μ did not yield Legionella in any enrolled HF. However, molecular investigation using Coriolis ® μ resulted in eight HF testing positive for Legionella in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Comparison of Legionella <span class="hlt">air</span> and water contamination indicated that Legionella water concentration could be predictive of its presence in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Furthermore, a molecular study of 12 L. pneumophila strains confirmed a match between the Legionella strains from <span class="hlt">air</span> and water <span class="hlt">samples</span> by SBT for three out of four HF that tested positive for Legionella by at least one of the culturable methods. Overall, our study shows that Legionella <span class="hlt">air</span> detection cannot replace water <span class="hlt">sampling</span> because the absence of microorganisms from the <span class="hlt">air</span> does not necessarily represent their absence from water; nevertheless, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> may provide useful information for risk assessment. The liquid impingement technique appears to have the greatest capacity for collecting airborne Legionella if combined with molecular investigations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5551108','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5551108"><span>Evaluation of Legionella <span class="hlt">Air</span> Contamination in Healthcare Facilities by Different <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Methods: An Italian Multicenter Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Montagna, Maria Teresa; De Giglio, Osvalda; Cristina, Maria Luisa; Napoli, Christian; Pacifico, Claudia; Agodi, Antonella; Baldovin, Tatjana; Casini, Beatrice; Coniglio, Maria Anna; D’Errico, Marcello Mario; Delia, Santi Antonino; Deriu, Maria Grazia; Guida, Marco; Laganà, Pasqualina; Liguori, Giorgio; Moro, Matteo; Mura, Ida; Pennino, Francesca; Privitera, Gaetano; Romano Spica, Vincenzo; Sembeni, Silvia; Spagnolo, Anna Maria; Tardivo, Stefano; Torre, Ida; Valeriani, Federica; Albertini, Roberto; Pasquarella, Cesira</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Healthcare facilities (HF) represent an at-risk environment for legionellosis transmission occurring after inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In general, the control of water is preferred to that of <span class="hlt">air</span> because, to date, there are no standardized <span class="hlt">sampling</span> protocols. Legionella <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination was investigated in the bathrooms of 11 HF by active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (Surface <span class="hlt">Air</span> System and Coriolis®μ) and passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using settling plates. During the 8-hour <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, hot tap water was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> three times. All <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were evaluated using culture-based methods, whereas liquid <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected using the Coriolis®μ were also analyzed by real-time PCR. Legionella presence in the <span class="hlt">air</span> and water was then compared by sequence-based typing (SBT) methods. <span class="hlt">Air</span> contamination was found in four HF (36.4%) by at least one of the culturable methods. The culturable investigation by Coriolis®μ did not yield Legionella in any enrolled HF. However, molecular investigation using Coriolis®μ resulted in eight HF testing positive for Legionella in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Comparison of Legionella <span class="hlt">air</span> and water contamination indicated that Legionella water concentration could be predictive of its presence in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Furthermore, a molecular study of 12 L. pneumophila strains confirmed a match between the Legionella strains from <span class="hlt">air</span> and water <span class="hlt">samples</span> by SBT for three out of four HF that tested positive for Legionella by at least one of the culturable methods. Overall, our study shows that Legionella <span class="hlt">air</span> detection cannot replace water <span class="hlt">sampling</span> because the absence of microorganisms from the <span class="hlt">air</span> does not necessarily represent their absence from water; nevertheless, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> may provide useful information for risk assessment. The liquid impingement technique appears to have the greatest capacity for collecting airborne Legionella if combined with molecular investigations. PMID:28640202</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA143319','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA143319"><span>Composition Alteration of Stratospheric <span class="hlt">Air</span> Due to <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> through a Flow Tube.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1984-02-03</p> <p>C. C. , Forsberg, C. A. , and Pieri , H. V. (19)83) Stratospheric N 20 CF2 Cl and CFCI3 composition studies utilizing in situ cryogenic whole <span class="hlt">air</span>...Gas-Surface Interactions in Cryogenic Whole <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span>, AFGL-TR-81-0162, AD A108255. 19. Gallagher, C. C., Forsberg, C. A., and Pieri , R. V. (1983...Gallagher, C. C., Forsberg, C. A., Pieri , R. V., and Faucher, G. A. (1983a) Oxides of Nitrogen Content of Whole <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Obtained at Altitudes From 12</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-march-7-2013-march-13-2016','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-march-7-2013-march-13-2016"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - March 7, 2013 - March 13, 2016</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22975183','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22975183"><span>Novel <span class="hlt">sample</span> preparation technique with needle-type micro-extraction device for volatile organic compounds in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ueta, Ikuo; Mizuguchi, Ayako; Fujimura, Koji; Kawakubo, Susumu; Saito, Yoshihiro</p> <p>2012-10-09</p> <p>A novel needle-type <span class="hlt">sample</span> preparation device was developed for the effective preconcentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> before gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. To develop a device for extracting a wide range of VOCs typically found in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span>, several types of particulate sorbents were tested as the extraction medium in the needle-type extraction device. To determine the content of these VOCs, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected for 30min with the packed sorbent(s) in the extraction needle, and the extracted VOCs were thermally desorbed in a GC injection port by the direct insertion of the needle. A double-bed sorbent consisting of a needle packed with divinylbenzene and activated carbon particles exhibited excellent extraction and desorption performance and adequate extraction capacity for all the investigated VOCs. The results also clearly demonstrated that the proposed <span class="hlt">sample</span> preparation method is a more rapid, simpler extraction/desorption technique than traditional <span class="hlt">sample</span> preparation methods. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855489"><span>Analysis of particle and vapour phase PAHs from the personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> of bus garage workers exposed to diesel exhaust.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kuusimaki, Leea; Peltonen, Kimmo; Mutanen, Pertti; Savela, Kirsti</p> <p>2003-07-01</p> <p>The levels of particle and vapour phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from the diesel exhaust compounds in bus garage work were measured in winter and in summer. Five personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected from the breathing <span class="hlt">zones</span> of 22 garage workers every other day of consecutive weeks. Control <span class="hlt">samples</span> (n = 22) were collected from office workers in Helsinki. Fifteen PAHs in the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were analysed by HPLC using a fluorescence detector. Statistically significant differences were observed between total PAH levels of the exposed workers (2241 and 1245 ng/m(3)) and the control group (254 and 275 ng/m(3)) in both winter (P < 0.001) and summer (P < 0.001). Phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and fluoranthene were the major compounds in the particle phase, and naphthalene, phenanthrene and fluorene in the vapour phase. About 98% of PAHs measured were related to the vapour phase compounds, whereas the high molecular weight PAH compounds were detected only in the particle phase. The PAH levels in the garages were twice as high (P < 0.001) in winter as in summer. Even though the exposure levels were low in the bus garages, the low level does not allow conclusions to be drawn about the possible adverse health effects due to exposure to diesel exhaust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408199','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408199"><span><span class="hlt">Sampling</span> for <span class="hlt">Air</span> Chemical Emissions from the Life Sciences Laboratory II</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ballinger, Marcel Y.; Lindberg, Michael J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Sampling</span> for <span class="hlt">air</span> chemical emissions from the Life Science Laboratory II (LSL-II) ventilation stack was performed in an effort to determine potential exposure of maintenance staff to laboratory exhaust on the building roof. The concern about worker exposure was raised in December 2015 and several activities were performed to assist in estimating exposure concentrations. Data quality objectives were developed to determine the need for and scope and parameters of a <span class="hlt">sampling</span> campaign to measure chemical emissions from research and development activities to the outside <span class="hlt">air</span>. The activities provided data on temporal variation of <span class="hlt">air</span> chemical concentrations and a basis formore » evaluating calculated emissions. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> for <span class="hlt">air</span> chemical emissions was performed in the LSL-II ventilation stack over the 6-week period from July 26 to September 1, 2016. A total of 12 <span class="hlt">sampling</span> events were carried out using 16 <span class="hlt">sample</span> media. Resulting analysis provided concentration data on 49 analytes. All results were below occupational exposure limits and most results were below detection limits. When compared to calculated emissions, only 5 of the 49 chemicals had measured concentrations greater than predicted. This <span class="hlt">sampling</span> effort will inform other study components to develop a more complete picture of a worker’s potential exposure from LSL-II rooftop activities. Mixing studies were conducted to inform spatial variation in concentrations at other rooftop locations and can be used in conjunction with these results to provide temporal variations in concentrations for estimating the potential exposure to workers working in and around the LSL-II stack.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27.6416N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27.6416N"><span>Evaluation of Urban <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality By Passive <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Technique</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nunes, T. V.; Miranda, A. I.; Duarte, S.; Lima, M. J.</p> <p></p> <p>Aveiro is a flat small city in the centre of Portugal, close to the Atlantic coast. In the last two decades an intensive development of demographic, traffic and industry growth in the region was observed which was reflected on the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality degrada- tion. In order to evaluate the urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in Aveiro, a field-monitoring network by passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with high space resolution was implemented. Twenty-four field places were distributed in a area of 3x3 Km2 and ozone and NO2 concentrations were measured. The site distribution density was higher in the centre, 250x250 m2 than in periphery where a 500x500 m2 grid was used. The selection of field places took into consideration the choice criteria recommendation by United Kingdom environmental authorities, and three tubes and a blank tube for each pollutant were used at each site. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system was mounted at 3m from the ground usually profiting the street lampposts. Concerning NO2 acrylic tubes were used with 85 mm of length and an in- ternal diameter of 12mm, where in one of the extremities three steel grids impregnated with a solution of TEA were placed and fixed with a polyethylene end cup (Heal et al., 1999); PFA Teflon tube with 53 mm of length and 9 mm of internal diameter and three impregnated glass filters impregnated with DPE solution fixed by a teflon end cup was used for ozone <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (Monn and Hargartner, 1990). The passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method for ozone and nitrogen dioxide was compared with continuous measurements, but the amount of measurements wasnSt enough for an accurate calibration and validation of the method. Although this constraint the field observations (June to August 2001) for these two pollutants assign interesting information about the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in the urban area. A krigger method of interpolation (Surfer- Golden Software-2000) was applied to field data to obtain isolines distribution of NO2 and ozone concentration for the studied area. Even the used passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method has many</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9944','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9944"><span>Violations of temporary flight restrictions and <span class="hlt">air</span> defense identification <span class="hlt">zones</span> : an analysis of airspace violations and pilot report data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2005-09-30</p> <p>This document provides the results from a study into the apparent factors and causes of violations of restricted airspace, particularly temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) and <span class="hlt">air</span> defense identification <span class="hlt">zones</span> (ADIZs). By illuminating the reasons for...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/co0854.photos.316903p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/co0854.photos.316903p/"><span>17. VIEW OF <span class="hlt">AIR</span> LOCK ENTRY DOOR. BANKS OF <span class="hlt">AIR</span> ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>17. VIEW OF <span class="hlt">AIR</span> LOCK ENTRY DOOR. BANKS OF <span class="hlt">AIR</span> FILTERS ARE VISIBLE TO THE SIDES OF THE DOORS. THE BUILDING WAS DIVIDED INTO <span class="hlt">ZONES</span> BY AIRLOCK DOORS AND <span class="hlt">AIR</span> FILTERS. <span class="hlt">AIR</span> PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS WERE MAINTAINED IN THE <span class="hlt">ZONES</span>, SUCH THAT AIRFLOW WAS PROGRESSIVELY TOWARD AREAS WITH THE HIGHEST POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION. (9/24/91) - Rocky Flats Plant, Plutonium Manufacturing Facility, North-central section of Plant, just south of Building 776/777, Golden, Jefferson County, CO</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27011675','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27011675"><span>Impact of grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in enhancing blood safety: Experience at a tertiary care hospital in North India.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Solanki, Archana; Singh, Abhay; Chaudhary, Rajendra</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used for screening blood donors for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) can sometimes fail to detect blood donors who are recently infected or possessing the low strength of pathogen. Estimation of a grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> in ELISA testing and repeat testing of grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> can further help in reducing the risks of TTI in countries where nucleic acid amplification testing for TTIs is not feasible. Grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> with optical density (OD) lying between cut-off OD and 10% below the cut-off OD (cut-off OD × 0.9) were identified during routine ELISA testing. On performing repeat ELISA testing on grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in duplicate, the <span class="hlt">samples</span> showing both OD value below grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> were marked nonreactive, and <span class="hlt">samples</span> showing one or both OD value in the grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> were marked indeterminate. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> on repeat testing showing one or both OD above cut-off value were marked positive. About 119 <span class="hlt">samples</span> (77 for hepatitis B virus [HBV], 23 for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and 19 for hepatitis C virus [HCV]) were found to be in grey <span class="hlt">zone</span>. On repeat testing of these <span class="hlt">samples</span> in duplicate, 70 (58.8%) <span class="hlt">samples</span> (45 for HBV, 12 for HIV, and 13 for HCV) were found to be reactive. Six (5%) <span class="hlt">samples</span> (four for HBV, one for HIV, and one for HCV) were found to be indeterminate. Seventy donors initially screened negative, were found out to be potentially infectious on repeat grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> testing. Thus, estimation of grey <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> with repeat testing can further enhance the safety of blood transfusion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235286','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235286"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> change rates and interzonal flows in residences, and the need for multi-<span class="hlt">zone</span> models for exposure and health analyses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Du, Liuliu; Batterman, Stuart; Godwin, Christopher; Chin, Jo-Yu; Parker, Edith; Breen, Michael; Brakefield, Wilma; Robins, Thomas; Lewis, Toby</p> <p>2012-12-12</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> change rates (ACRs) and interzonal flows are key determinants of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality (IAQ) and building energy use. This paper characterizes ACRs and interzonal flows in 126 houses, and evaluates effects of these parameters on IAQ. ACRs measured using weeklong tracer measurements in several seasons averaged 0.73 ± 0.76 h(-1) (median = 0.57 h(-1), n = 263) in the general living area, and much higher, 1.66 ± 1.50 h(-1) (median = 1.23 h(-1), n = 253) in bedrooms. Living area ACRs were highest in winter and lowest in spring; bedroom ACRs were highest in summer and lowest in spring. Bedrooms received an average of 55 ± 18% of <span class="hlt">air</span> from elsewhere in the house; the living area received only 26 ± 20% from the bedroom. Interzonal flows did not depend on season, indoor smoking or the presence of <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioners. A two-<span class="hlt">zone</span> IAQ model calibrated for the field study showed large differences in pollutant levels between the living area and bedroom, and the key parameters affecting IAQ were emission rates, emission source locations, <span class="hlt">air</span> filter use, ACRs, interzonal flows, outdoor concentrations, and PM penetration factors. The single-<span class="hlt">zone</span> models that are commonly used for residences have substantial limitations and may inadequately represent pollutant concentrations and exposures in bedrooms and potentially other environments other where people spend a substantial fraction of time.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3546781','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3546781"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Change Rates and Interzonal Flows in Residences, and the Need for Multi-<span class="hlt">Zone</span> Models for Exposure and Health Analyses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Du, Liuliu; Batterman, Stuart; Godwin, Christopher; Chin, Jo-Yu; Parker, Edith; Breen, Michael; Brakefield, Wilma; Robins, Thomas; Lewis, Toby</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> change rates (ACRs) and interzonal flows are key determinants of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> quality (IAQ) and building energy use. This paper characterizes ACRs and interzonal flows in 126 houses, and evaluates effects of these parameters on IAQ. ACRs measured using weeklong tracer measurements in several seasons averaged 0.73 ± 0.76 h−1 (median = 0.57 h−1, n = 263) in the general living area, and much higher, 1.66 ± 1.50 h−1 (median = 1.23 h−1, n = 253) in bedrooms. Living area ACRs were highest in winter and lowest in spring; bedroom ACRs were highest in summer and lowest in spring. Bedrooms received an average of 55 ± 18% of <span class="hlt">air</span> from elsewhere in the house; the living area received only 26 ± 20% from the bedroom. Interzonal flows did not depend on season, indoor smoking or the presence of <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioners. A two-<span class="hlt">zone</span> IAQ model calibrated for the field study showed large differences in pollutant levels between the living area and bedroom, and the key parameters affecting IAQ were emission rates, emission source locations, <span class="hlt">air</span> filter use, ACRs, interzonal flows, outdoor concentrations, and PM penetration factors. The single-<span class="hlt">zone</span> models that are commonly used for residences have substantial limitations and may inadequately represent pollutant concentrations and exposures in bedrooms and potentially other environments other where people spend a substantial fraction of time. PMID:23235286</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873086','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873086"><span>High-throughput liquid-absorption <span class="hlt">air-sampling</span> apparatus and methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Zaromb, Solomon</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A portable high-throughput liquid-absorption <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler [PHTLAAS] has an asymmetric <span class="hlt">air</span> inlet through which <span class="hlt">air</span> is drawn upward by a small and light-weight centrifugal fan driven by a direct current motor that can be powered by a battery. The <span class="hlt">air</span> inlet is so configured as to impart both rotational and downward components of motion to the <span class="hlt">sampled</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> near said inlet. The PHTLAAS comprises a glass tube of relatively small size through which <span class="hlt">air</span> passes at a high rate in a swirling, highly turbulent motion, which facilitates rapid transfer of vapors and particulates to a liquid film covering the inner walls of the tube. The pressure drop through the glass tube is <10 cm of water, usually <5 cm of water. The sampler's collection efficiency is usually >20% for vapors or airborne particulates in the 2-3.mu. range and >50% for particles larger than 4.mu.. In conjunction with various analyzers, the PHTLAAS can serve to monitor a variety of hazardous or illicit airborne substances, such as lead-containing particulates, tritiated water vapor, biological aerosols, or traces of concealed drugs or explosives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JCrGr.345...27K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JCrGr.345...27K"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume on metastable <span class="hlt">zone</span> width and induction time</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kubota, Noriaki</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The metastable <span class="hlt">zone</span> width (MSZW) and the induction time, measured for a large <span class="hlt">sample</span> (say>0.1 L) are reproducible and deterministic, while, for a small <span class="hlt">sample</span> (say<1 mL), these values are irreproducible and stochastic. Such behaviors of MSZW and induction time were theoretically discussed both with stochastic and deterministic models. Equations for the distribution of stochastic MSZW and induction time were derived. The average values of stochastic MSZW and induction time both decreased with an increase in <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume, while, the deterministic MSZW and induction time remained unchanged. Such different behaviors with variation in <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume were explained in terms of detection sensitivity of crystallization events. The average values of MSZW and induction time in the stochastic model were compared with the deterministic MSZW and induction time, respectively. Literature data reported for paracetamol aqueous solution were explained theoretically with the presented models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-30-2015-december-6-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-30-2015-december-6-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - November 30, 2015 – December 6, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-26-2015-november-1-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-26-2015-november-1-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - October 26, 2015 – November 1, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-february-15-2016-february-21-2016','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-february-15-2016-february-21-2016"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - February 15, 2016 – February 21, 2016</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-12-2015-october-18-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-12-2015-october-18-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - October 12, 2015 – October 18, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-23-2015-november-29-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-23-2015-november-29-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - November 23, 2015 – November 29, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-5-2015-october-11-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-5-2015-october-11-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - October 5, 2015 – October 11, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-february-1-2016-february-7-2016','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-february-1-2016-february-7-2016"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - February 1, 2016 – February 7, 2016</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-september-28-2015-october-4-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-september-28-2015-october-4-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - September 28, 2015 – October 4, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-16-2015-november-22-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-16-2015-november-22-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - November 16, 2015 – November 22, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-9-2015-november-15-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-9-2015-november-15-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - November 9, 2015 – November 15, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-19-2015-october-25-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-october-19-2015-october-25-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - October 19, 2015 – October 25, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-2-2015-november-8-2015','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/mo/carter-carburetor-weekly-air-monitoring-sampling-report-november-2-2015-november-8-2015"><span>Carter Carburetor Weekly <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring & <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report - November 2, 2015 – November 8, 2015</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carter Carburetor Daily Weather Conditions, Dairly Work Activities, Daily <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring and Samplying Results, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results –Station 2 Linc 126, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Results- Sation 3 Linc 123, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitoring/Samplying Results-Stati</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/foia/air-sampling-logbook-region-4-yellow-bluff-air-study-wilcox-county-alabama-sesd-project','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/foia/air-sampling-logbook-region-4-yellow-bluff-air-study-wilcox-county-alabama-sesd-project"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Logbook of Region 4 Yellow Bluff <span class="hlt">Air</span> Study Wilcox County, Alabama SESD Project Identification Number:11-0068</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Contains the <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Logbook between 1-24-2011 thru 1-28-2011 from the Region 4 Yellow Bluff <span class="hlt">Air</span> Study Wilcox County, Alabama SESD Project Identification Number:11-0068 November 2010-December 2010</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12014902','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12014902"><span>Mobile <span class="hlt">zoned</span>/exponential LAF screen: a new concept in ultra-clean <span class="hlt">air</span> technology for additional operating room ventilation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Friberg, B; Lindgren, M; Karlsson, C; Bergström, A; Friberg, S</p> <p>2002-04-01</p> <p>A mobile screen (0.5 x 0.4 m) producing ultra-clean exponential LAF (<span class="hlt">air</span>-flow central <span class="hlt">zone</span> 0.6 m/s and peripheral <span class="hlt">zone</span> 0.4 m/s) was investigated as an addition to conventional turbulent/mixing operating room ventilation. The evaluation was performed during strictly standardized sham operations reflecting conditions during major surgery. The study consisted of a pilot experiment designed to give high counts of sedimenting aerobic colony forming units (cfu). In a second main study, recording dust particles, <span class="hlt">air</span>-borne and sedimenting aerobic cfu, the screen was associated with optimal operating room clothing. In the pilot experiment the use of the screen resulted in a substantial reduction of sedimenting bacteria from 3835-4940 to 0-390 cfu/m(2)/h. In the main study, the use of the additional LAF reduced the surface contamination from 416-329 to 7-78 cfu/m(2)/h up to 1.6 m from the screen (P=0.001-0.0001). Measured in the wound area the screen reduced the <span class="hlt">air</span> counts of bacteria from 9-14 to 0.2-0.4 cfu/m(3) (P=0.008-0.0001) and a marked reduction of <span class="hlt">air</span>-borne dust particles was recorded (P=0.007-0.009). In conclusion, the additional mobile LAF screen reduced the counts of aerobic <span class="hlt">air</span>-borne and sedimenting bacteria-carrying particles as well as dust particles to the levels gained with complete ultra-clean LAF room ventilation. Thus, the screen might prove a valuable addition to operating room ventilation as well as in other areas where asepsis is essential. Copyright 2002 The Hospital Infection Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425251','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425251"><span>Chemical reactivities of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in three Southern California communities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantza; Di Stefano, Emma; Schmitz, Debra A.; Guarieiro, Aline Lefol Nani; Salinas, Erika M.; Nasser, Elina; Froines, John R.; Cho, Arthur K.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The potential adverse health effects of PM2.5 and vapor <span class="hlt">samples</span> from three communities that neighbor railyards, Commerce (CM), Long Beach (LB), and San Bernardino (SB), were assessed by determination of chemical reactivities attributed to the induction of oxidative stress by <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants. The assays used were dithiothreitol (DTT) and dihydrobenzoic acid (DHBA) based procedures for prooxidant content and a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) assay for electrophiles. Prooxidants and electrophiles have been proposed as the reactive chemical species responsible for the induction of oxidative stress by <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution mixtures. The PM2.5 <span class="hlt">samples</span> from CM and LB sites showed seasonal differences in reactivities with higher levels in the winter whereas the SB <span class="hlt">sample</span> differences were reversed. The reactivities in the vapor <span class="hlt">samples</span> were all very similar, except for the summer SB <span class="hlt">samples</span>, which contained higher levels of both prooxidants and electrophiles. The results suggest the observed reactivities reflect general geographical differences rather than direct effects of the railyards. Distributional differences in reactivities were also observed with PM2.5 fractions containing most of the prooxidants (74–81%) and the vapor phase most of the electrophiles (82–96%). The high levels of the vapor phase electrophiles and their potential for adverse biological effects point out the importance of the vapor phase in assessing the potential health effects of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. PMID:25947123</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70129605','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70129605"><span>Measurements of HFC-134a and HCFC-22 in groundwater and unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>: implications for HFCs and HCFCs as dating tracers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Haase, Karl B.; Busenberg, Eurybiades; Plummer, Niel; Casile, Gerolamo; Sanford, Ward E.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A new analytical method using gas chromatography with an atomic emission detector (GC–AED) was developed for measurement of ambient concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in soil, <span class="hlt">air</span>, and groundwater, with the goal of determining their utility as groundwater age tracers. The analytical detection limits of HCFC-22 (difluorochloromethane, CHClF2) and HFC-134a (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, C2H2F4) in 1 L groundwater <span class="hlt">samples</span> are 4.3 × 10− 1 and 2.1 × 10− 1 pmol kg− 1, respectively, corresponding to equilibrium gas-phase mixing ratios of approximately 5–6 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). Under optimal conditions, post-1960 (HCFC-22) and post-1995 (HFC-134a) recharge could be identified using these tracers in stable, unmixed groundwater <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a were measured in 50 groundwater <span class="hlt">samples</span> from 27 locations in northern and western parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina (USA), and 3 unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> profiles were collected in northern Virginia. Mixing ratios of both HCFC-22 and HFC-134a decrease with depth in unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> gas profiles with an accompanying increase in CO2 and loss of O2. Apparently, ambient concentrations of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a are readily consumed by methanotrophic bacteria under aerobic conditions in the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The results of this study indicate that soils are a sink for these two greenhouse gases. These observations contradict the previously reported results from microcosm experiments that found that degradation was limited above-ambient HFC-134a. The groundwater HFC and HCFC concentrations were compared with concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Nearly all <span class="hlt">samples</span> had measured HCFC-22 or HFC-134a that were below concentrations predicted by the CFCs and SF6, with many <span class="hlt">samples</span> showing a complete loss of HCFC-22 and HFC-134a. This study indicates that HCFC-22 and HFC-134</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14695010','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14695010"><span>Curve fitting <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filter decay curves to estimate transuranic content.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hayes, Robert B; Chiou, Hung Cheng</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>By testing industry standard techniques for radon progeny evaluation on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters, a new technique is developed to evaluate transuranic activity on <span class="hlt">air</span> filters by curve fitting the decay curves. The industry method modified here is simply the use of filter activity measurements at different times to estimate the <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations of radon progeny. The primary modification was to not look for specific radon progeny values but rather transuranic activity. By using a method that will provide reasonably conservative estimates of the transuranic activity present on a filter, some credit for the decay curve shape can then be taken. By carrying out rigorous statistical analysis of the curve fits to over 65 <span class="hlt">samples</span> having no transuranic activity taken over a 10-mo period, an optimization of the fitting function and quality tests for this purpose was attained.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840038496&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840038496&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination"><span><span class="hlt">Air-sampling</span> inlet contamination by aircraft emissions on the NASA CV-990 aircraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Condon, E. P.; Vedder, J. F.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>Results of an experimental investigation of the contamination of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> inlets by aircraft emissions from the NASA CV-990 research aircraft are presented. This four-engine jet aircraft is a NASA facility used for many different atmospheric and meteorological experiments, as well as for developing spacecraft instrumentation for remote measurements. Our investigations were performed to provide information on which to base the selection of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> locations for a series of multi-instrument missions for measuring tropospheric trace gases. The major source of contamination is the exhaust from the jet engines, which generate many of the same gases that are of interest in atmospheric chemistry, as well as other gases that may interfere with <span class="hlt">sampling</span> measurements. The engine exhaust contains these gases in mixing ratios many orders of magnitude greater than those that occur in the clean atmosphere which the missions seek to quantify. Pressurized <span class="hlt">samples</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> were collected simultaneously from a scoop located forward of the engines to represent clean <span class="hlt">air</span> and from other multiport scoops at various aft positions on the aircraft. The <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were analyzed in the laboratory by gas chromatography for carbon monoxide, an abundant combustion by-product. Data are presented for various scoop locations under various flight conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15359191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15359191"><span>A new technique for preliminary estimates of TRU activity on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters and radiological smears.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hayes, Robert</p> <p>2004-10-01</p> <p>In most nuclear facilities, fixed <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers and sometimes portable <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers are used where some probability of a release exists but is not expected, and so the added expense and effort of using a continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor is not deemed justified. When a release is suspected, naturally occurring radioactive material buildup on the filter typically prevents any quantitative measurements within the first day or so. Likewise, outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> measurements suffer from the same limitations (such as those taken during the Los Alamos fires) and so any rapid quantifiable measurements of fixed <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler/portable <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler filters which are technically defendable (even though conservative) are of use. The technique presented here is only intended for use in routine health physics survey applications and does not presently appear to be appropriate for sub pico Curie activity determinations. This study evaluates the utility of using a portable continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor as an alpha spectrometer to make transuranic activity determinations of <span class="hlt">samples</span> using both the built in algorithm for <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring and a simple region of interest analysis. All <span class="hlt">samples</span> evaluated were from <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters taken using a portable <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> were taken over many months to quantify effects from natural variation in radon progeny activity distributions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740062564&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740062564&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination"><span>Evaluation of membrane filter field monitors for microbiological <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fields, N. D.; Oxborrow, G. S.; Puleo, J. R.; Herring, C. M.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>Due to area constraints encountered in assembly and testing areas of spacecraft, the membrane filter field monitor (MF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-accepted Reyniers slit <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler were compared for recovery of airborne microbial contamination. The intramural <span class="hlt">air</span> in a microbiological laboratory area and a clean room environment used for the assembly and testing of the Apollo spacecraft was studied. A significantly higher number of microorganisms was recovered by the Reyniers sampler. A high degree of consistency between the two <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods was shown by a regression analysis, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93. The MF samplers detected 79% of the concentration measured by the Reyniers slit samplers. The types of microorganisms identified from both <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods were similar.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21793731','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21793731"><span>The NYC native <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pilot project: using HVAC filter data for urban biological incident characterization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ackelsberg, Joel; Leykam, Frederic M; Hazi, Yair; Madsen, Larry C; West, Todd H; Faltesek, Anthony; Henderson, Gavin D; Henderson, Christopher L; Leighton, Terrance</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>Native <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (NAS) is distinguished from dedicated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (DAS) devices (eg, BioWatch) that are deployed to detect aerosol disseminations of biological threat agents. NAS uses filter <span class="hlt">samples</span> from heating, ventilation, and <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial properties for environmental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> after DAS detection of biological threat agent incidents. It represents an untapped, scientifically sound, efficient, widely distributed, and comparably inexpensive resource for postevent environmental <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Calculations predict that postevent NAS would be more efficient than environmental surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span> by orders of magnitude. HVAC filter <span class="hlt">samples</span> could be collected from pre-identified surrounding NAS facilities to corroborate the DAS alarm and delineate the path taken by the bioaerosol plume. The New York City (NYC) Native <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Pilot Project explored whether native <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> would be acceptable to private sector stakeholders and could be implemented successfully in NYC. Building trade associations facilitated outreach to and discussions with property owners and managers, who expedited contact with building managers of candidate NAS properties that they managed or owned. Nominal NAS building requirements were determined; procedures to identify and evaluate candidate NAS facilities were developed; data collection tools and other resources were designed and used to expedite candidate NAS building selection and evaluation in Manhattan; and exemplar environmental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> playbooks for emergency responders were completed. In this <span class="hlt">sample</span>, modern buildings with single or few corporate tenants were the best NAS candidate facilities. The Pilot Project successfully demonstrated that in one urban setting a native <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategy could be implemented with effective public-private collaboration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28633115','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28633115"><span>Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> and their associated health risk among paddy farmers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamsan, Hazwanee; Ho, Yu Bin; Zaidon, Siti Zulfa; Hashim, Zailina; Saari, Nazamid; Karami, Ali</p> <p>2017-12-15</p> <p>Tanjung Karang, Selangor, is widely known for its paddy cultivation activity and hosts the third largest paddy field in Malaysia. Pesticides contamination in agriculture fields has become an unavoidable problem, as pesticides are used to increase paddy productivity and reduce plant disease. Human exposure to agrichemicals is common and could results in both acute and chronic health effects, such as acute and chronic neurotoxicity. This study aims to determine the concentrations of commonly used pesticides (azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, difenoconazole, fipronil, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor, propiconazole, pymetrozine, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, and trifloxystrobin) in personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> and their associated health risks among paddy farmers. Eighty-three farmers from Tangjung Karang, Selangor were involved in this study. A solid sorbent tube was attached to the farmer's breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a clip, and an <span class="hlt">air</span> pump was fastened to the belt to collect personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Pesticides collected in the XAD-2 resin were extracted with acetone, centrifuged, concentrated via nitrogen blowdown and reconstituted with 1mL of 3:1 ultrapure water/HPLC-grade methanol solution. The extract was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The target compounds were detected with a maximum concentration reaching up to 462.5ngm -3 (fipronil). The hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 and the hazard index (HI) value was 3.86×10 -3 , indicating that the risk of pesticides related diseases was not significant. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for pymetrozine was at an acceptable level (LCR<10 -6 ) with 4.10×10 -8 . The results reported in this study can be beneficial in terms of risk management within the agricultural community. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28858343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28858343"><span>Comparison of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and dust collection methods for fungal exposure assessment using quantitative PCR.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cox, Jennie; Indugula, Reshmi; Vesper, Stephen; Zhu, Zheng; Jandarov, Roman; Reponen, Tiina</p> <p>2017-10-18</p> <p>Evaluating fungal contamination indoors is complicated because of the many different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods utilized. In this study, fungal contamination was evaluated using five <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and four matrices for results. The five <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods were a 48 hour indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> collected with a Button™ inhalable aerosol sampler and four types of dust <span class="hlt">samples</span>: a vacuumed floor dust <span class="hlt">sample</span>, newly settled dust collected for four weeks onto two types of electrostatic dust cloths (EDCs) in trays, and a wipe <span class="hlt">sample</span> of dust from above floor surfaces. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained in the bedrooms of asthmatic children (n = 14). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the dust and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for the 36 fungal species that make up the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI). The results from the <span class="hlt">samples</span> were compared by four matrices: total concentration of fungal cells, concentration of fungal species associated with indoor environments, concentration of fungal species associated with outdoor environments, and ERMI values (or ERMI-like values for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>). The ERMI values for the dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> and the ERMI-like values for the 48 hour <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were not significantly different. The total cell concentrations of the 36 species obtained with the four dust collection methods correlated significantly (r = 0.64-0.79, p < 0.05), with the exception of the vacuumed floor dust and newly settled dust. In addition, fungal cell concentrations of indoor associated species correlated well between all four dust <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods (r = 0.68-0.86, p < 0.01). No correlation was found between the fungal concentrations in the <span class="hlt">air</span> and dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> primarily because of differences in concentrations of Cladosporium cladosporioides Type 1 and Epicoccum nigrum. A representative type of dust <span class="hlt">sample</span> and a 48 hour <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> might both provide useful information about fungal exposures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995AtmEn..29.2595K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995AtmEn..29.2595K"><span>Applicability of canisters for <span class="hlt">sample</span> storage in the determination of hazardous <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kelly, Thomas J.; Holdren, Michael W.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper evaluates the applicability of canisters for storage of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> containing volatile organic compounds listed among the 189 hazardous <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants (HAPs) in the 1990 U.S. Clean <span class="hlt">Air</span> Act Amendments. Nearly 100 HAPs have sufficient vapor pressure to be considered volatile compounds. Of those volatile organic HAPs, 52 have been tested previously for stability during storage in canisters. The published HAP stability studies are reviewed, illustrating that for most of the 52 HAPs tested, canisters are an effective <span class="hlt">sample</span> storage approach. However, the published stability studies used a variety of canister types and test procedures, and generally considered only a few compounds in a very small set of canisters. A comparison of chemical and physical properties of the HAPs has also been conducted, to evaluate the applicability of canister <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for other HAPs, for which canister stability testing has never been conducted. Of 45 volatile HAPs never tested in canisters, this comparison identifies nine for which canisters should be effective, and 17 for which canisters are not likely to be effective. For the other 19 HAPs, no clear decision can be reached on the likely applicability of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> storage in canisters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17171267','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17171267"><span>Volatile organic compounds: <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and their worldwide profile in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumar, Anuj; Víden, Ivan</p> <p>2007-08-01</p> <p>The atmosphere is a particularly difficult analytical system because of the very low levels of substances to be analysed, sharp variations in pollutant levels with time and location, differences in wind, temperature and humidity. This makes the selection of an efficient <span class="hlt">sampling</span> technique for <span class="hlt">air</span> analysis a key step to reliable results. Generally, methods for volatile organic compounds <span class="hlt">sampling</span> include collection of the whole <span class="hlt">air</span> or preconcentration of <span class="hlt">samples</span> on adsorbents. All the methods vary from each other according to the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> technique, type of sorbent, method of extraction and identification technique. In this review paper we discuss various important aspects for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of volatile organic compounds by the widely used and advanced <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods. Characteristics of various adsorbents used for VOCs <span class="hlt">sampling</span> are also described. Furthermore, this paper makes an effort to comprehensively review the concentration levels of volatile organic compounds along with the methodology used for analysis, in major cities of the world.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374257','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374257"><span>Unexpected biodiversity of ciliates in marine <span class="hlt">samples</span> from below the photic <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grattepanche, Jean-David; Santoferrara, Luciana F; McManus, George B; Katz, Laura A</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Marine microbial eukaryotes play critical roles in planktonic food webs and have been described as most diverse in the photic <span class="hlt">zone</span> where productivity is high. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to analyse the spatial distribution of planktonic ciliate diversity from shallow waters (<30 m depth) to beyond the continental shelf (>800 m depth) along a 163 km transect off the coast of New England, USA. We focus on ciliates in the subclasses Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia (class Spirotrichea), as these taxa are major components of marine food webs. We did not observe the decrease of diversity below the photic <span class="hlt">zone</span> expected based on productivity and previous analyses. Instead, we saw an increase of diversity with depth. We also observed that the ciliate communities assessed by HTS cluster by depth layer and degree of water column stratification, suggesting that community assembly is driven by environmental factors. Across our <span class="hlt">samples</span>, abundant OTUs tend to match previously characterized morphospecies while rare OTUs are more often undescribed, consistent with the idea that species in the rare biosphere remain to be characterized by microscopy. Finally, <span class="hlt">samples</span> taken below the photic <span class="hlt">zone</span> also reveal the prevalence of two uncharacterized (i.e. lacking sequenced morphospecies) clades - clusters X1 and X2 - that are enriched within the nano-sized fraction (2-10 μm) and are defined by deletions within the region of the SSU-rDNA analysed here. Together, these data reinforce that we still have much to learn about microbial diversity in marine ecosystems, especially in deep-waters that may be a reservoir for rare species and uncharacterized taxa. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16563580','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16563580"><span>Polyurethane foam (PUF) disks passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers: wind effect on <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tuduri, Ludovic; Harner, Tom; Hung, Hayley</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>Different passive sampler housings were evaluated for their wind dampening ability and how this might translate to variability in sampler uptake rates. Polyurethane foam (PUF) disk samplers were used as the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> medium and were exposed to a PCB-contaminated atmosphere in a wind tunnel. The effect of outside wind speed on PUF disk <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates was evaluated by exposing polyurethane foam (PUF) disks to a PCB-contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> stream in a wind tunnel over <span class="hlt">air</span> velocities in the range 0 to 1.75 m s-1. PUF disk <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates increased gradually over the range 0-0.9 m s-1 at approximately 4.5-14.6 m3 d-1 and then increased sharply to approximately 42 m3 d-1 at approximately 1.75 m s-1 (sum of PCBs). The results indicate that for most field deployments the conventional 'flying saucer' housing adequately dampens the wind effect and will yield approximately time-weighted <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeoRL..3818304M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeoRL..3818304M"><span>Permeability of gypsum <span class="hlt">samples</span> dehydrated in <span class="hlt">air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Milsch, Harald; Priegnitz, Mike; Blöcher, Guido</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>We report on changes in rock permeability induced by devolatilization reactions using gypsum as a reference analog material. Cylindrical <span class="hlt">samples</span> of natural alabaster were dehydrated in <span class="hlt">air</span> (dry) for up to 800 h at ambient pressure and temperatures between 378 and 423 K. Subsequently, the reaction kinetics, so induced changes in porosity, and the concurrent evolution of <span class="hlt">sample</span> permeability were constrained. Weighing the heated <span class="hlt">samples</span> in predefined time intervals yielded the reaction progress where the stoichiometric mass balance indicated an ultimate and complete dehydration to anhydrite regardless of temperature. Porosity showed to continuously increase with reaction progress from approximately 2% to 30%, whilst the initial bulk volume remained unchanged. Within these limits permeability significantly increased with porosity by almost three orders of magnitude from approximately 7 × 10-19 m2 to 3 × 10-16 m2. We show that - when mechanical and hydraulic feedbacks can be excluded - permeability, reaction progress, and porosity are related unequivocally.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6004442-personal-exposure-volatile-organic-compounds-direct-measurements-breathing-zone-air-drinking-water-food-exhaled-breath','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6004442-personal-exposure-volatile-organic-compounds-direct-measurements-breathing-zone-air-drinking-water-food-exhaled-breath"><span>Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds. I. Direct measurements in breathing-<span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>, drinking water, food, and exhaled breath</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wallace, L.A.; Pellizzari, E.; Hartwell, T.</p> <p></p> <p>A pilot study to test methods of estimating personal exposures to toxic substances and corresponding body burdens was carried out between July and December 1980. Individual exposures to about a dozen volatile organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span> and drinking water were measured for volunteers in New Jersey and North Carolina. Breath <span class="hlt">samples</span> were also collected from all subjects. About 230 personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>, 170 drinking water <span class="hlt">samples</span>, 66 breath <span class="hlt">samples</span>, and 4 food <span class="hlt">samples</span> (16 composites) were analyzed for the target chemicals. Ten compounds were present in <span class="hlt">air</span> and eight were transmitted mainly through that medium. Chloroform and bromodichloromethane were predominantlymore » transmitted through water and beverages. Food appeared to be a miner route of exposure, except possibly for trichloroethylene in margarine. Seven compounds were present in more than half of the breath <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Diurnal and seasonal variations were noted in <span class="hlt">air</span> and water concentrations of some compounds. Some, but not all, of the potentially occupationally exposed individuals had significantly higher workplace exposures to several chemicals. Distributions of <span class="hlt">air</span> exposures were closer to log normal than normal for most chemicals. Several chemicals were highly correlated with each other in personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>, indicating possible common sources of exposures. Compounds detected included benzene, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogens and vinyl chloride.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22940275','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22940275"><span>Integrated assessment on groundwater nitrate by unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> probing and aquifer <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with environmental tracers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yuan, Lijuan; Pang, Zhonghe; Huang, Tianming</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>By employing chemical and isotopic tracers ((15)N and (18)O in NO(3)(-)), we investigated the main processes controlling nitrate distribution in the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> and aquifer. Soil water was extracted from two soil cores drilled in a typical agricultural cropping area of the North China Plain (NCP), where groundwater was also <span class="hlt">sampled</span>. The results indicate that evaporation and denitrification are the two major causes of the distribution of nitrate in soil water extracts in the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Evaporation from unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> is evidenced by a positive correlation between chloride and nitrate, and denitrification by a strong linear relationship between [Formula: see text] and ln(NO(3)(-)/Cl). The latter is estimated to account for up to 50% of the nitrate loss from soil drainage. In the saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span>, nitrate is reduced at varying extents (100 mg/L and 10 mg/L at two sites, respectively), largely by dilution of the aquifer water. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0086/ofr19980086.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0086/ofr19980086.pdf"><span>Identification of water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span> by the use of geophysical logs and borehole television surveys, collected February to September 1997, at the Former Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Conger, Randall W.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Between February 1997 and September 1997, 10 monitor wells were drilled near the site of the former Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pa., to monitor water levels and <span class="hlt">sample</span> ground-water contaminants in the shallow, intermediate, and deep water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span>. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> will determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known or suspected contaminant sources. Four wells were drilled north of the property adjacent to Area A, three wells along strike located on Lewis Drive, and three wells directly down dip on Ivyland Road. Well depths range from 69 feet to 300 feet below land surface.Borehole-geophysical logging and television surveys were used to identify water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span> so that appropriate intervals could be screened in each monitor well. Geophysical logs were obtained at the 10 monitor wells. Borehole television surveys were obtained at the four monitor wells adjacent to Area A.Caliper and borehole television surveys were used to locate fractures, inflections on fluidtemperature and fluid-resistivity logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures, and heatpulse- flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, borehole television surveys, and driller's logs, all wells were screened such that water-level fluctuations could be monitored and water <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from discrete water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span> in each borehole.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6414E..0YR','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6414E..0YR"><span>Design architecture for multi-<span class="hlt">zone</span> HVAC control systems from existing single-<span class="hlt">zone</span> systems using wireless sensor networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Redfern, Andrew; Koplow, Michael; Wright, Paul</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Most residential heating, ventilating, and <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioning (HVAC) systems utilize a single <span class="hlt">zone</span> for conditioning <span class="hlt">air</span> throughout the entire house. While inexpensive, these systems lead to wide temperature distributions and inefficient cooling due to the difference in thermal loads in different rooms. The end result is additional cost to the end user because the house is over conditioned. To reduce the total amount of energy used in a home and to increase occupant comfort there is a need for a better control system using multiple temperature <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Typical multi-<span class="hlt">zone</span> systems are costly and require extensive infrastructure to function. Recent advances in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have enabled a low cost drop-in wireless vent register control system. The register control system is controlled by a master controller unit, which collects sensor data from a distributed wireless sensor network. Each sensor node <span class="hlt">samples</span> local settings (occupancy, light, humidity and temperature) and reports the data back to the master control unit. The master control unit compiles the incoming data and then actuates the vent resisters to control the airflow throughout the house. The control system also utilizes a smart thermostat with a movable set point to enable the user to define their given comfort levels. The new system can reduce the run time of the HVAC system and thus decreasing the amount of energy used and increasing the comfort of the home occupations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462638','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462638"><span>Changes in <span class="hlt">air</span> flow patterns using surfactants and thickeners during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging: bench-scale experiments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Juyoung; Kim, Heonki; Annable, Michael D</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> injected into an aquifer during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging normally flows upward according to the pressure gradients and buoyancy, and the direction of <span class="hlt">air</span> flow depends on the natural hydrogeologic setting. In this study, a new method for controlling <span class="hlt">air</span> flow paths in the saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging processes is presented. Two hydrodynamic parameters, viscosity and surface tension of the aqueous phase in the aquifer, were altered using appropriate water-soluble reagents distributed before initiating <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging. Increased viscosity retarded the travel velocity of the <span class="hlt">air</span> front during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging by modifying the viscosity ratio. Using a one-dimensional column packed with water-saturated sand, the velocity of <span class="hlt">air</span> intrusion into the saturated region under a constant pressure gradient was inversely proportional to the viscosity of the aqueous solution. The <span class="hlt">air</span> flow direction, and thus the <span class="hlt">air</span> flux distribution was measured using gaseous flux meters placed at the sand surface during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging experiments using both two-, and three-dimensional physical models. <span class="hlt">Air</span> flow was found to be influenced by the presence of an aqueous patch of high viscosity or suppressed surface tension in the aquifer. <span class="hlt">Air</span> flow was selective through the low-surface tension (46.5 dyn/cm) region, whereas an aqueous patch of high viscosity (2.77 cP) was as an effective <span class="hlt">air</span> flow barrier. Formation of a low-surface tension region in the target contaminated <span class="hlt">zone</span> in the aquifer, before the <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging process is inaugurated, may induce <span class="hlt">air</span> flow through the target <span class="hlt">zone</span> maximizing the contaminant removal efficiency of the injected <span class="hlt">air</span>. In contrast, a region with high viscosity in the <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging influence <span class="hlt">zone</span> may minimize <span class="hlt">air</span> flow through the region prohibiting the region from de-saturating. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA617029','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA617029"><span>Radar Remote Sensing of Ice and Sea State and <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction in the Marginal Ice <span class="hlt">Zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-09-30</p> <p>1 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Radar Remote Sensing of Ice and Sea State and <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea...Interaction in the Marginal Ice <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Hans C. Graber RSMAS – Department of Ocean Sciences Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing...scattering and attenuation process of ocean waves interacting with ice . A nautical X-band radar on a vessel dedicated to science would be used to follow the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=189924&Lab=NERL&keyword=Cotton&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=189924&Lab=NERL&keyword=Cotton&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>An Autosampler and Field <span class="hlt">Sample</span> Carrier for Maximizing Throughput Using an Open-<span class="hlt">Air</span>, Surface <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Ion Source for MS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>A recently developed, commercially available, open-<span class="hlt">air</span>, surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span> ion source for mass spectrometers provides individual analyses in several seconds. To realize its full throughput potential, an autosampler and field <span class="hlt">sample</span> carrier were designed and built. The autosampler ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.1300 - Blying Sound area, Gulf of Alaska, Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>..., Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. 334.1300 Section 334.1300... gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. A rhomboidal area... <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force, Anchorage, Alaska, or such agencies as he may designate. (Sec. 7, 40 Stat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.1300 - Blying Sound area, Gulf of Alaska, Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>..., Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. 334.1300 Section 334.1300... gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. A rhomboidal area... <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force, Anchorage, Alaska, or such agencies as he may designate. (Sec. 7, 40 Stat...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.1300 - Blying Sound area, Gulf of Alaska, Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>..., Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. 334.1300 Section 334.1300... gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. A rhomboidal area... <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force, Anchorage, Alaska, or such agencies as he may designate. (Sec. 7, 40 Stat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.1300 - Blying Sound area, Gulf of Alaska, Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>..., Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. 334.1300 Section 334.1300... gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. A rhomboidal area... <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force, Anchorage, Alaska, or such agencies as he may designate. (Sec. 7, 40 Stat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-1300.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.1300 - Blying Sound area, Gulf of Alaska, Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>..., Alaska; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. 334.1300 Section 334.1300... gunnery practice area, Alaskan <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. A rhomboidal area... <span class="hlt">Air</span> Command, U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force, Anchorage, Alaska, or such agencies as he may designate. (Sec. 7, 40 Stat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7256629-determination-methyl-bromide-air-samples-headspace-gas-chromatography','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7256629-determination-methyl-bromide-air-samples-headspace-gas-chromatography"><span>Determination of methyl bromide in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by headspace gas chromatography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Woodrow, J.E.; McChesney, M.M.; Seiber, J.N.</p> <p>1988-03-01</p> <p>Methyl bromide is extensively used in agriculture (4 x 10/sup 6/ kg for 1985 in California alone as a fumigant to control nematodes, weeds, and fungi in soil and insect pests in harvested grains and nuts. Given its low boiling point (3.8/sup 0/C) and high vapor pressure (approx. 1400 Torr at 20/sup 0/C), methyl bromide will readily diffuse if not rigorously contained. Methods for determining methyl bromide and other halocarbons in <span class="hlt">air</span> vary widely. A common practice is to trap the material from <span class="hlt">air</span> on an adsorbent, such as polymeric resins, followed by thermal desorption either directly into the analyticalmore » instrumentation or after intermediary cryofocusing. While in some cases analytical detection limits were reasonable (parts per million range), many of the published methods were labor intensive and required special handling techniques that precluded high <span class="hlt">sample</span> throughput. They describe here a method for the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analysis of airborne methyl bromide that was designed to handle large numbers of <span class="hlt">samples</span> through automating some critical steps of the analysis. The result was a method that allowed around-the-clock operation with a minimum of operator attention. Furthermore, the method was not specific to methyl bromide and could be used to determine other halocarbons in <span class="hlt">air</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/953377-comparison-mold-concentrations-quantified-msqpcr-indoor-outdoor-air-sampled-simultaneously','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/953377-comparison-mold-concentrations-quantified-msqpcr-indoor-outdoor-air-sampled-simultaneously"><span>Comparison of mold concentrations quantified by MSQPCR in indoor and outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampled</span> simultaneously</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Meklin, Teija; Reponen, Tina; McKinstry, Craig A.</p> <p></p> <p>Mold specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) was used to measure the concentrations of 36 mold species in dust and in indoor and in outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> that were taken simultaneously in 17 homes in Cincinnati with no-known water damage. The total spore concentrations in the indoor (I) and outdoor (O) <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were statistically significantly different and the concentrations in the three <span class="hlt">sample</span> types of many of the individual species were significantly different (p < 0.05 based on the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test). The I/O ratios of the averages or geometric means of the individual species were generally less than 1;more » but these I/O ratios were quite variable ranging from 0.03 for A. sydowii to 1.2 for Acremonium strictum. There were no significant correlations for the 36 specific mold concentrations between the dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> and the indoor or outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> (based on the Spearman’s Rho test). The indoor and outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations of 32 of the species were not correlated. Only Aspergillus penicillioides, C. cladosporioides types 1 and 2 and C. herbarum had sufficient data to estimate a correlation at rho > 0.5 with signicance (p < 0.05) In six of these homes, a previous dust <span class="hlt">sample</span> had been collected and analyzed 2 years earlier. The ERMI© values for the dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> taken in the same home two years apart were not significantly different (p=0.22) based on Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008IJBm...52..385Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008IJBm...52..385Y"><span>Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated and <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings in humid subtropical climate <span class="hlt">zone</span> in China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Wei; Zhang, Guoqiang</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>A thermal comfort field study has been carried out in five cities in the humid subtropical climate <span class="hlt">zone</span> in China. The survey was performed in naturally ventilated and <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings during the summer season in 2006. There were 229 occupants from 111 buildings who participated in this study and 229 questionnaire responses were collected. Thermal acceptability assessment reveals that the indoor environment in naturally ventilated buildings could not meet the 80% acceptability criteria prescribed by ASHRAE Standard 55, and people tended to feel more comfortable in <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings with the <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned occupants voting with higher acceptability (89%) than the naturally ventilated occupants (58%). The neutral temperatures in naturally ventilated and <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings were 28.3°C and 27.7°C, respectively. The range of accepted temperature in naturally ventilated buildings (25.0˜31.6°C) was wider than that in <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings (25.1˜30.3°C), which suggests that occupants in naturally ventilated buildings seemed to be more tolerant of higher temperatures. Preferred temperatures were 27.9°C and 27.3°C in naturally ventilated and <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings, respectively, both of which were 0.4°C cooler than neutral temperatures. This result suggests that people of hot climates may use words like “slightly cool” to describe their preferred thermal state. The relationship between draught sensation and indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> velocity at different temperature ranges indicates that indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> velocity had a significant influence over the occupants’ comfort sensation, and <span class="hlt">air</span> velocities required by occupants increased with the increasing of operative temperatures. Thus, an effective way of natural ventilation which can create the preferred higher <span class="hlt">air</span> movement is called for. Finally, the indoor set-point temperature of 26°C or even higher in <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buildings was confirmed as making people comfortable, which supports the regulation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JNuM..404..174M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JNuM..404..174M"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> exposure and <span class="hlt">sample</span> storage time influence on hydrogen release from tungsten</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moshkunov, K. A.; Schmid, K.; Mayer, M.; Kurnaev, V. A.; Gasparyan, Yu. M.</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>In investigations of hydrogen retention in first wall components the influence of the conditions of the implanted target storage prior to analysis and the storage time is often neglected. Therefore we have performed a dedicated set of experiments. The release of hydrogen from <span class="hlt">samples</span> exposed to ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> after irradiation was compared to <span class="hlt">samples</span> kept in vacuum. For <span class="hlt">air</span> exposed <span class="hlt">samples</span> significant amounts of HDO and D 2O are detected during TDS. Additional experiments have shown that heavy water is formed by recombination of releasing D and H atoms with O on the W surface. This water formation can alter hydrogen retention results significantly, in particular - for low retention cases. In addition to the influence of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> exposure also the influence of storage time in vacuum was investigated. After implantation at 300 K the <span class="hlt">samples</span> were stored in vacuum for up to 1 week during which the retained amount decreased significantly. The subsequently measured TDS spectra showed that D was lost from both the high and low energy peaks during storage at ambient temperature of ˜300 K. An attempt to simulate this release from both peaks during room temperature storage by TMAP 7 calculations showed that this effect cannot be explained by conventional diffusion/trapping models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1000651-vadose-zone-microbiology','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1000651-vadose-zone-microbiology"><span>Vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> microbiology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kieft, Thomas L.; Brockman, Fred J.</p> <p>2001-01-17</p> <p>The vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> is defined as the portion of the terrestrial subsurface that extends from the land surface downward to the water table. As such, it comprises the surface soil (the rooting <span class="hlt">zone</span>), the underlying subsoil, and the capillary fringe that directly overlies the water table. The unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> between the rooting <span class="hlt">zone</span> and the capillary fringe is termed the "intermediate <span class="hlt">zone</span>" (Chapelle, 1993). The vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> has also been defined as the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span>, since the sediment pores and/or rock fractures are generally not completely water filled, but instead contain both water and <span class="hlt">air</span>. The latter characteristic results inmore » the term "<span class="hlt">zone</span> of aeration" to describe the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The terms "vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>," "unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span>", and "<span class="hlt">zone</span> of aeration" are nearly synonymous, except that the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> may contain regions of perched water that are actually saturated. The term "subsoil" has also been used for studies of shallow areas of the subsurface immediately below the rooting <span class="hlt">zone</span>. This review focuses almost exclusively on the unsaturated region beneath the soil layer since there is already an extensive body of literature on surface soil microbial communities and process, e.g., Paul and Clark (1989), Metting (1993), Richter and Markowitz, (1995), and Sylvia et al. (1998); whereas the deeper strata of the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> have only recently come under scrutiny for their microbiological properties.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=air+AND+filter&id=EJ543575','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=air+AND+filter&id=EJ543575"><span><span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and Analyzing <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution: An Apparatus Suitable for Use in Schools.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rockwell, Dean M.; Hansen, Tony</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Describes two variations of an <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler and analyzer that are inexpensive to construct, easy to operate, and designed to be used in an educational program. Variations use vacuum cleaners and aquarium pumps, and white facial tissues serve as filters. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution obtained by this method may be used from early grade school to advanced…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=106695&keyword=ammonium+AND+sulfate+AND+concentration&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=106695&keyword=ammonium+AND+sulfate+AND+concentration&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>EVALUATION OF THE FILTER PACK FOR LONG-DURATION <span class="hlt">SAMPLING</span> OF AMBIENT <span class="hlt">AIR</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>A 14-week filter pack (FP) sampler evaluation field study was conducted at a site near Bondville, IL to investigate the impact of weekly <span class="hlt">sampling</span> duration. Simultaneous <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected using collocated filter packs (FP) from two independent <span class="hlt">air</span> quality monitoring networks...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129237','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129237"><span>Occupational exposure to acrylamide in closed system production plants: <span class="hlt">air</span> levels and biomonitoring.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moorman, William J; Reutman, Susan S; Shaw, Peter B; Blade, Leo Michael; Marlow, David; Vesper, Hubert; Clark, John C; Schrader, Steven M</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers of acrylamide exposure, including hemoglobin adducts and urinary metabolites in acrylamide production workers. Biomarkers are integrated measures of the internal dose, and it is total acrylamide dose from all routes and sources that may present health risks. Workers from three companies were studied. Workers potentially exposed to acrylamide monomer wore personal breathing-<span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> and surface-wipe <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected and analyzed for acrylamide. General-area <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected in chemical processing units and control rooms. Hemoglobin adducts were isolated from ethylenediamine teraacetic acid (EDTA)-whole blood, and adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide, at the N-terminal valines of hemoglobin, were cleaved from the protein chain by use of a modified Edman reaction. Full work-shift, personal breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span>, and general-area <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected and analyzed for particulate and acrylamide monomer vapor. The highest general-area concentration of acrylamide vapor was 350 μg/cm(3) in monomer production. Personal breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> and general-area concentrations of acrylamide vapor were found to be highest in monomer production operations, and lower levels were in the polymer production operations. Adduct levels varied widely among workers, with the highest in workers in the monomer and polymer production areas. The acrylamide adduct range was 15-1884 pmol/g; glycidamide adducts ranged from 17.8 to 1376 p/mol/g. The highest acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels were found among monomer production process operators. The primary urinary metabolite N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl) cysteine (NACEC) ranged from the limit of detection to 15.4 μg/ml. Correlation of workplace exposure and sentinel health effects is needed to determine and control safe levels of exposure for regulatory standards.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhPl...18g3503D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhPl...18g3503D"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> plasma effect on dental disinfection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Duarte, S.; Kuo, S. P.; Murata, R. M.; Chen, C. Y.; Saxena, D.; Huang, K. J.; Popovic, S.</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>A nonthermal low temperature <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma jet is characterized and applied to study the plasma effects on oral pathogens and biofilms. Experiments were performed on <span class="hlt">samples</span> of six defined microorganisms' cultures, including those of gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and on a cultivating biofilm <span class="hlt">sample</span> of Streptococcus mutans UA159. The results show that the plasma jet creates a <span class="hlt">zone</span> of microbial growth inhibition in each treated <span class="hlt">sample</span>; the <span class="hlt">zone</span> increases with the plasma treatment time and expands beyond the entire region directly exposed to the plasma jet. With 30s plasma treatment twice daily during 5 days of biofilm cultivation, its formation was inhibited. The viability of S. mutans cells in the treated biofilms dropped to below the measurable level and the killed bacterial cells concentrated to local regions as manifested by the fluorescence microscopy via the environmental scanning electron microscope. The emission spectroscopy of the jet indicates that its plasma effluent carries an abundance of reactive atomic oxygen, providing catalyst for the observed plasma effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19245005','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19245005"><span>Passive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of organochlorine pesticides in Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wong, Fiona; Alegria, Henry A; Bidleman, Terry F; Alvarado, Víctor; Angeles, Felipe; Galarza, Alfredo Avila; Bandala, Erick R; Hinojosa, Idolina de la Cerda; Estrada, Ignacio Galindo; Reyes, Guillermo Galindo; Gold-Bouchot, Gerardo; Zamora, Jose Vinicio Macías; Murguía-González, Joaquín; Espinoza, Elias Ramirez</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>The spatial and temporal variation of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in <span class="hlt">air</span> across Mexico was investigated by deploying passive samplers at eleven stations across the country during 2005-2006. Integrated <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken over three-month periods and quantified for DDT compounds, endosulfans, toxaphenes, components of technical chlordane, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and dieldrin. Enantiomers of chiral chlordanes and o,p'-DDT were determined on chiral stationary phase columns as an indicator of source and age. Results are discussed in combination with pumped <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> taken at four other stations in southern Mexico during 2002-2004. DDT and its metabolites, endosulfan and toxaphene were the most abundant OCs detected in all <span class="hlt">sampling</span> sites. Atmospheric concentrations of SigmaDDT (p,p'-DDT + o,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + o,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD + o,p'-DDD) ranged from 15 to 2360 pg m(-3) with the highest concentrations found in southern Mexico and the lowest found in northern and central Mexico. A fresher DDT residue was observed at sites with greater DDT use and in the southern part of the country, as shown from the higher FDDTe = p,p'-DDT/(p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE) and nearly racemic o,p'-DDT. This agrees with the former heavy use of DDT in the endemic malarious area of the country. A local hotspot of endosulfan was identified at an agricultural area in Mazatlan, Sinaloa, with a annual mean concentration of SigmaENDO (endosulfans I + II + endosulfan sulfate) = 26,800 pg m(-3). At this site, higher concentrations of SigmaENDO were recorded during the winter (November to February) and spring (February to May) periods. From back trajectory analysis, this coincides with a shift in the <span class="hlt">air</span> mass coming from the Pacific Ocean (May to November) to the inland agricultural area (November to May). The elevated SigmaENDO observed is likely due to the local agricultural usage. HCHs, chlordanes, transnonachlors, and dieldrin were more evenly distributed across the country likely due to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060010413&hterms=biodegradation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dbiodegradation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060010413&hterms=biodegradation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dbiodegradation"><span>Microbial <span class="hlt">Air</span> and Surface Monitoring Results from International Space Station <span class="hlt">Samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ott, C. Mark; Bruce, Rebekah J.; Castro, Victoria A.; Novikova, Natalia D.; Pierson, D. L.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Over the course of long-duration spaceflight, spacecraft develop a microbial ecology that directly interacts with the crew of the vehicle. While most microorganisms are harmless or beneficial to the inhabitants of the vehicle, the presence of medically significant organisms appearing in this semi-closed environment could adversely affect crew health and performance. The risk of exposure of the crew to medically significant organisms during a mission is estimated using information gathered during nominal and contingency environmental monitoring. Analysis of the <span class="hlt">air</span> and surface microbiota in the habitable compartments of the International Space Station (ISS) over the last four years indicate a high presence of Staphylococcus species reflecting the human inhabitants of the vehicle. Generally, <span class="hlt">air</span> and surface microbial concentrations are below system design specifications, suggesting a lower risk of contact infection or biodegradation. An evaluation of <span class="hlt">sample</span> frequency indicates a decrease in the identification of new species, suggesting a lower potential for unknown microorganisms to be identified. However, the opportunistic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, has been identified in 3 of the last 5 <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> and 5 of the last 9 surface <span class="hlt">samples</span>. In addition, 47% of the coagulase negative Staphylococcus species that were isolated from the crew, ISS, and its hardware were found to be methicillin resistance. In combination, these observations suggest the potential of methicillin resistant infectious agents over time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7B4169B743-F87F-4ACA-9501-87D88C5ED559%7D','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://edg.epa.gov/metadata/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7B4169B743-F87F-4ACA-9501-87D88C5ED559%7D"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Data for BP Spill/Deepwater Horizon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill) began on 20 April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. Following the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, a sea-floor oil gusher flowed for 87 days, until it was capped on 15 July 2010.In response to the BP oil spill, EPA <span class="hlt">sampled</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>, water, sediment, and waste generated by the cleanup operations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890005190','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890005190"><span>Trace gas measurements from whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected over the Antarctic continent</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Heidt, L. E.; Vedder, J. F.; Pollock, Walter H.; Henry, Bruce E.; Lueb, Richard A.</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected aboard the NASA DC-8 and ER-2 aircraft as part of the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) were analyzed in a field laboratory set up at Punta Arenas, Chile, in August and September, 1987. Mixing ratios obtained from gas chromatographic analyses of these <span class="hlt">samples</span> are presented for N2O, CFCl3, CFCl2, C2F3Cl3, CH3CCl3, CH4, and CO. Variations in the mixing ratios of these gases along the individual flight paths of the aircraft are used as tracers to indicate the history of <span class="hlt">air</span> masses over and near the Antarctic continent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001369&hterms=twins&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dtwins','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=GL-2002-001369&hterms=twins&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dtwins"><span>Twin Convergence <span class="hlt">Zones</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>NASA's QuikSCAT satellite has confirmed a 30-year old largely unproven theory that there are two areas near the equator where the winds converge year after year and drive ocean circulation south of the equator. By analyzing winds, QuikSCAT has found a year-round southern and northern Intertropical Convergence <span class="hlt">Zone</span>. This find is important to climate modelers and weather forecasters because it provides more detail on how the oceans and atmosphere interact near the equator. The Intertropical Convergence <span class="hlt">Zone</span> (ITCZ) is the region that circles the Earth near the equator, where the trade winds of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. North of the equator, strong sun and warm water of the equator heats the <span class="hlt">air</span> in the ITCZ, drawing <span class="hlt">air</span> in from north and south and causing the <span class="hlt">air</span> to rise. As the <span class="hlt">air</span> rises it cools, releasing the accumulated moisture in an almost perpetual series of thunderstorms. Satellite data, however, has confirmed that there is an ITCZ north of the equator and a parallel ITCZ south of the equator. Variation in the location of the ITCZ is important to people around the world because it affects the north-south atmospheric circulation, which redistributes energy. It drastically affects rainfall in many equatorial nations, resulting in the wet and dry seasons of the tropics rather than the cold and warm seasons of higher latitudes. Longer term changes in the ITCZ can result in severe droughts or flooding in nearby areas. 'The double ITCZ is usually only identified in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans on a limited and seasonal basis,' said Timothy Liu, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., and lead researcher on the project. In the eastern Pacific Ocean, the southern ITCZ is usually seen springtime. In the western Atlantic Ocean, the southern ITCZ was recently clearly identified only in the summertime. However, QuikSCAT's wind data has seen the southern ITCZ in all seasons across the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=63746&keyword=System+AND+recommendation&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=63746&keyword=System+AND+recommendation&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>A STRINGENT COMPARISON OF <span class="hlt">SAMPLING</span> AND ANALYSIS METHODS FOR VOCS IN AMBIENT <span class="hlt">AIR</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>A carefully designed study was conducted during the summer of 1998 to simultaneously collect <span class="hlt">samples</span> of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> by canisters and compare the analysis results to direct sorbent preconcentration results taken at the time of <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection. A total of 32 1-h <span class="hlt">sample</span> sets we...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813443','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813443"><span>Inter-laboratory comparison study on measuring semi-volatile organic chemicals in standards and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Su, Yushan; Hung, Hayley</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>Measurements of semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) were compared among 21 laboratories from 7 countries through the analysis of standards, a blind <span class="hlt">sample</span>, an <span class="hlt">air</span> extract, and an atmospheric dust <span class="hlt">sample</span>. Measurement accuracy strongly depended on analytes, laboratories, and types of standards and <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Intra-laboratory precision was generally good with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of triplicate injections <10% and with median differences of duplicate <span class="hlt">samples</span> between 2.1 and 22%. Inter-laboratory variability, measured by RSDs of all measurements, was in the range of 2.8-58% in analyzing standards, and 6.9-190% in analyzing blind <span class="hlt">sample</span> and <span class="hlt">air</span> extract. Inter-laboratory precision was poorer when <span class="hlt">samples</span> were subject to cleanup processes, or when SVOCs were quantified at low concentrations. In general, inter-laboratory differences up to a factor of 2 can be expected to analyze atmospheric SVOCs. When comparing <span class="hlt">air</span> measurements from different laboratories, caution should be exercised if the data variability is less than the inter-laboratory differences. 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121853','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121853"><span>Enhancing resolution of free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis via a simple sheath-flow <span class="hlt">sample</span> injection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Ying; Kong, Fan-Zhi; Liu, Ji; Li, Jun-Min; Liu, Xiao-Ping; Li, Guo-Qing; Wang, Ju-Fang; Xiao, Hua; Fan, Liu-Yin; Cao, Cheng-Xi; Li, Shan</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>In this work, a simple and novel sheath-flow <span class="hlt">sample</span> injection method (SFSIM) is introduced to reduce the band broadening of free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis separation in newly developed self-balance free-flow electrophoresis instrument. A needle injector was placed in the center of the separation inlet, into which the BGE and <span class="hlt">sample</span> solution were pumped simultaneously. BGE formed sheath flow outside the <span class="hlt">sample</span> stream, resulting in less band broadening related to hydrodynamics and electrodynamics. Hemoglobin and C-phycocyanin were successfully separated by the proposed method in contrast to the poor separation of free-flow electrophoresis with the traditional injection method without sheath flow. About 3.75 times resolution enhancement could be achieved by sheath-flow <span class="hlt">sample</span> injection method. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27634608','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27634608"><span>Army <span class="hlt">Air</span> Ambulance Blood Product Program in the Combat <span class="hlt">Zone</span> and Challenges to Best Practices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Powell-Dunford, Nicole; Quesada, Jose F; Gross, Kirby R; Shackelford, Stacy A</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Identify challenges and best practices in the development of an austere <span class="hlt">air</span> ambulance transfusion program. A search of PubMed using combinations of the key terms 'prehospital,' 'blood product,' 'red blood cells,' 'damage control resuscitation,' 'transfusion,' '<span class="hlt">air</span> ambulance,' 'medical evacuation,' and 'medevac' yielded 196 articles for further analysis, with 14 articles suitable for addressing the background of prehospital transfusion within a helicopter. Retrospective analysis of unclassified briefs, after action reports, and procedures was also undertaken along with interview of subject matter experts. The initial series of 15 transfusions were discussed telephonically among flight crew, trauma surgeons, and lab specialists. Review of Joint Theater System data was readily available for 84 U.S. Army <span class="hlt">air</span> ambulance transfusions between May-December 2012, with December marking the redeployment of the 25(th) Combat Aviation Brigade. Standardized implementation enabled safe blood product administration for 84 causalities from May-December 2012 without blood product shortage, expiration, or transfusion reaction. Challenges included developing transfusion competency, achieving high quality blood support, countering the potential for anti-U.S. sentiment, and diversity in coalition transfusion practices. Blood product administration aboard the <span class="hlt">air</span> ambulance is logistically complex, requiring blood bank integration. Repetitive training enabled emergency medical technicians (EMTs) with basic medical training to safely perform transfusion in accordance with clinical operating guidelines. In the austere environment, logistic factors are significant challenges and political sensitivities are important considerations. Best practices may facilitate new en route transfusion programs. Powell-Dunford N, Quesada JF, Gross KR, Shackelford SA. Army <span class="hlt">air</span> ambulance blood product program in the combat <span class="hlt">zone</span> and challenges to best practices. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(8):728-734.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol2-sec256-7.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol2-sec256-7.pdf"><span>32 CFR 256.7 - Accident potential <span class="hlt">zone</span> guidelines.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Accident potential <span class="hlt">zone</span> guidelines. 256.7 Section 256.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS <span class="hlt">AIR</span> INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE USE <span class="hlt">ZONES</span> § 256.7 Accident potential <span class="hlt">zone</span> guidelines...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title32-vol2-sec256-7.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title32-vol2-sec256-7.pdf"><span>32 CFR 256.7 - Accident potential <span class="hlt">zone</span> guidelines.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Accident potential <span class="hlt">zone</span> guidelines. 256.7 Section 256.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS <span class="hlt">AIR</span> INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE USE <span class="hlt">ZONES</span> § 256.7 Accident potential <span class="hlt">zone</span> guidelines...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417558','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417558"><span>2018 Annual Terrestrial <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Plan for Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico on Kirtland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Griffith, Stacy R.</p> <p></p> <p>The 2018 Annual Terrestrial <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Plan for Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico on Kirtland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base has been prepared in accordance with the “Letter of Agreement Between Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Sandia Field Office (DOE/NNSA/SFO) and 377th <span class="hlt">Air</span> Base Wing (ABW), Kirtland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base (KAFB) for Terrestrial Sampling” (signed January 2017), Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM). The Letter of Agreement requires submittal of an annual terrestrial <span class="hlt">sampling</span> plan.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343366','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1343366"><span>2017 Annual Terrestrial <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Plan for Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico on Kirtland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Griffith, Stacy R.</p> <p></p> <p>The 2017 Annual Terrestrial <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Plan for Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico on Kirtland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base has been prepared in accordance with the “Letter of Agreement Between Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Sandia Field Office (DOE/NNSA/SFO) and 377th <span class="hlt">Air</span> Base Wing (ABW), Kirtland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base (KAFB) for Terrestrial Sampling” (signed January 2017), Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM). The Letter of Agreement requires submittal of an annual terrestrial <span class="hlt">sampling</span> plan.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303975','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303975"><span>Early Detection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus from Infected Cattle Using A Dry Filter <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> System.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pacheco, J M; Brito, B; Hartwig, E; Smoliga, G R; Perez, A; Arzt, J; Rodriguez, L L</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious livestock disease of high economic impact. Early detection of FMD virus (FMDV) is fundamental for rapid outbreak control. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> collection has been demonstrated as a useful technique for detection of FMDV RNA in infected animals, related to the aerogenous nature of the virus. In the current study, <span class="hlt">air</span> from rooms housing individual (n = 17) or two groups (n = 4) of cattle experimentally infected with FDMV A24 Cruzeiro of different virulence levels was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> to assess the feasibility of applying <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> as a non-invasive, screening tool to identify sources of FMDV infection. Detection of FMDV RNA in <span class="hlt">air</span> was compared with first detection of clinical signs and FMDV RNA levels in serum and oral fluid. FMDV RNA was detected in room <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> 1-3 days prior (seven animals) or on the same day (four animals) as the appearance of clinical signs in 11 of 12 individually housed cattle. Only in one case clinical signs preceded detection in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by one day. Overall, viral RNA in oral fluid or serum preceded detection in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by 1-2 days. Six individually housed animals inoculated with attenuated strains did not show clinical signs, but virus was detected in <span class="hlt">air</span> in one of these cases 3 days prior to first detection in oral fluid. In groups of four cattle housed together, <span class="hlt">air</span> detection always preceded appearance of clinical signs by 1-2 days and coincided more often with viral shedding in oral fluid than virus in blood. These data confirm that <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is an effective non-invasive screening method for detecting FMDV infection in confined to enclosed spaces (e.g. auction barns, milking parlours). This technology could be a useful tool as part of a surveillance strategy during FMD prevention, control or eradication efforts. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5056715','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5056715"><span>Characterization of Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Hyporheic <span class="hlt">Zone</span> of River Ecosystems Reflects the Pump-<span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Technique Used</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dole-Olivier, Marie-José; Galassi, Diana M. P.; Hogan, John-Paul; Wood, Paul J.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The hyporheic <span class="hlt">zone</span> of river ecosystems provides a habitat for a diverse macroinvertebrate community that makes a vital contribution to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. However, effective methods for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> this community have proved difficult to establish, due to the inaccessibility of subsurface sediments. The aim of this study was to compare the two most common semi-quantitative macroinvertebrate pump-<span class="hlt">sampling</span> techniques: Bou-Rouch and vacuum-pump <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. We used both techniques to collect replicate <span class="hlt">samples</span> in three contrasting temperate-<span class="hlt">zone</span> streams, in each of two biogeographical regions (Atlantic region, central England, UK; Continental region, southeast France). Results were typically consistent across streams in both regions: Bou-Rouch <span class="hlt">samples</span> provided significantly higher estimates of taxa richness, macroinvertebrate abundance, and the abundance of all UK and eight of 10 French common taxa. Seven and nine taxa which were rare in Bou-Rouch <span class="hlt">samples</span> were absent from vacuum-pump <span class="hlt">samples</span> in the UK and France, respectively; no taxon was repeatedly <span class="hlt">sampled</span> exclusively by the vacuum pump. Rarefaction curves (rescaled to the number of incidences) and non-parametric richness estimators indicated no significant difference in richness between techniques, highlighting the capture of more individuals as crucial to Bou-Rouch <span class="hlt">sampling</span> performance. Compared to assemblages in replicate vacuum-pump <span class="hlt">samples</span>, multivariate analyses indicated greater distinction among Bou-Rouch assemblages from different streams, as well as significantly greater consistency in assemblage composition among replicate Bou-Rouch <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in one stream. We recommend Bou-Rouch <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for most study types, including rapid biomonitoring surveys and studies requiring acquisition of comprehensive taxon lists that include rare taxa. Despite collecting fewer macroinvertebrates, vacuum-pump <span class="hlt">sampling</span> remains an important option for inexpensive and rapid <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection. PMID:27723819</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900036593&hterms=Water+turbine&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DWater%2Bturbine','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900036593&hterms=Water+turbine&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DWater%2Bturbine"><span>Primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> dynamics in a gas turbine combustor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sullivan, J. P.; Barron, D.; Seal, M.; Morgan, D.; Murthy, S. N. B.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Fluid mechanical investigations simulating the flow in the primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> of a gas turbine combustor are presented using three generic test rigs: (1) rotating pipe yielding a swirling jet of <span class="hlt">air</span>; (2) primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> model with a single swirler and various primary jet configurations, operated with <span class="hlt">air</span>; and (3) two rectangular models of a (stretched-out) annular combustor with five swirlers in the backwall and with various primary jet configurations, one operated with <span class="hlt">air</span> and the other with water. Concentration measurements are obtained using laser sheet imaging techniques and velocity measurements using a laser Doppler velocimeter. The results show recirculation <span class="hlt">zones</span>, intense mixing, instabilities of the interacting jets and the presence of large random vortical motions. The flowfields are shown to exhibit bimodal behavior, have asymmetries despite symmetrical geometry and inlet conditions and display strong jet/swirler and swirler/swirler interactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/949165-bioassay-vs-air-sampling-practical-guidance-experience-hanford','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/949165-bioassay-vs-air-sampling-practical-guidance-experience-hanford"><span>Bioassay vs. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span>: Practical Guidance and Experience at Hanford</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Carbaugh, Eugene H.; Carlson, Eric W.; Hill, Robin L.</p> <p>2004-02-08</p> <p>The Hanford Site has implemented a policy to guide in determining whether <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> data or special fecal bioassay data are more appropriate for determining doses of record for low-level plutonium exposures. The basis for the policy and four years of experience in comparing DAC-hours exposure with bioassay-based dosimetry is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DPS....4911509I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DPS....4911509I"><span>Jupiter's belts and <span class="hlt">zones</span>: Contradictory evidence for upwelling and downwelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Juno Science Team</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Early authors (Hess and Panofsky 1951, Ingersoll and Cuzzi 1969, Barcilon and Gierasch 1970) noted that the zonal winds are cyclonic in the belts and anticyclonic in the <span class="hlt">zones</span>. From the thermal wind equation they concluded that the <span class="hlt">air</span> below the clouds is colder at the belts and warmer at the <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Hot <span class="hlt">air</span> rising and cold <span class="hlt">air</span> sinking led to the notion of downwelling in the belts and upwelling in the <span class="hlt">zones</span>, which agreed with observations of clear <span class="hlt">air</span> and low ammonia vapor in the belts and cloudy <span class="hlt">air</span> and high ammonia vapor in the <span class="hlt">zones</span> (Gierasch et al. 1986). However, lightning in the belts seemed to contradict that idea, based on the assumption that lightning and convection require upwelling of moist <span class="hlt">air</span> from below (Little et al. 1999, Ingersoll et al. 2000). Convergence of the eddy momentum flux on the poleward sides of the <span class="hlt">zones</span> (Salyk et al. 2006) supports the inference based on lightning by implying convergence of the meridional flow in the <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Here we argue that lightning in the belts does not require upwelling. Instead, there is a threshold for moist convection that is triggered when the thickness of the weather layer drops below a critical value (Li and Ingersoll 2006, Thomson and McIntyre 2016). We also argue that the convergence of the eddy momentum flux does not require equatorward flow. Instead, the meridional flow is controlled by the sign of the potential vorticity (PV) gradient, which is southward on the equatorward sides of the <span class="hlt">zones</span> (Ingersoll et al. 2017), implying divergence of the meridional flow in the <span class="hlt">zones</span>. This is a new idea and is based on the observation that the predicted flat parts of the PV staircase (Dritschel and McIntyre 2008), might actually be sloping inward, since the curvature of the zonal velocity profile U_yy exceeds beta at the centers of the westward jets (Ingersoll and Cuzzi 1969, Ingersoll et al. 1981, Limaye et al. 1986, Li et al. 2004, Read et al. 2006). These arguments agree with observations of upwelling in the <span class="hlt">zones</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979196','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979196"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> results in relation to extent of fungal colonization of building materials in some water-damaged buildings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miller, J D; Haisley, P D; Reinhardt, J H</p> <p>2000-09-01</p> <p>We studied the extent and nature of fungal colonization of building materials in 58 naturally ventilated apartments that had suffered various kinds of water damage in relation to <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> done before the physical inspections. The results of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from each apartment were compared by rank order of species with pooled data from outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span>. Approximately 90% of the apartments that had significant amounts of fungi in wall cavities were identified by <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. There was no difference in the average fungal colony forming unit values per m3 between the 15 apartments with the most fungal contamination and the 15 with the least. In contrast, the prevalence of <span class="hlt">samples</span> with fungal species significantly different than the pooled outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> between the more contaminated versus the less contaminated apartments was approximately 10-fold. We provide information on methods to document fungal contamination in buildings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22853006','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22853006"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> procedures to evaluate microbial contamination: a comparison between active and passive methods in operating theatres.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Napoli, Christian; Marcotrigiano, Vincenzo; Montagna, Maria Teresa</p> <p>2012-08-02</p> <p>Since <span class="hlt">air</span> can play a central role as a reservoir for microorganisms, in controlled environments such as operating theatres regular microbial monitoring is useful to measure <span class="hlt">air</span> quality and identify critical situations. The aim of this study is to assess microbial contamination levels in operating theatres using both an active and a passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method and then to assess if there is a correlation between the results of the two different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods. The study was performed in 32 turbulent <span class="hlt">air</span> flow operating theatres of a University Hospital in Southern Italy. Active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> was carried out using the Surface <span class="hlt">Air</span> System and passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with settle plates, in accordance with ISO 14698. The Total Viable Count (TVC) was evaluated at rest (in the morning before the beginning of surgical activity) and in operational (during surgery). The mean TVC at rest was 12.4 CFU/m3 and 722.5 CFU/m2/h for active and passive <span class="hlt">samplings</span> respectively. The mean in operational TVC was 93.8 CFU/m3 (SD = 52.69; range = 22-256) and 10496.5 CFU/m2/h (SD = 7460.5; range = 1415.5-25479.7) for active and passive <span class="hlt">samplings</span> respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed that the two methods correlate in a comparable way with the quality of <span class="hlt">air</span>. It is possible to conclude that both methods can be used for general monitoring of <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination, such as routine surveillance programs. However, the choice must be made between one or the other to obtain specific information.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982ftwm.rept......','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982ftwm.rept......"><span>AICUZ (<span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zone</span>) report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1982-09-01</p> <p>The development and use of lands near U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force base is of continuing concern to <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force officials. It is recognized that the public must be protected from noise and other hazards of <span class="hlt">air</span> base operations. At the same time it is recognized that lands near <span class="hlt">air</span> bases often are highly attractive areas for development. Aircraft operations are likely to continue from Mather AFB for the indefinite future. Operations will include the T-37, T-43, B-52, KC-135 or replacement aircraft. The types of aircraft, flight tracks, frequency, and other characteristics will be continuously evaluated by Mather AFB to determine the effects on the AICUZ and the community. The AICUZ study was prepared to promote orderly and compatible land use around Mather AFB. Land use guidelines and noise measurement techniques are based on recent technology. Data from this study should be considered for incorporation into existing land use plans and ordinances of surrounding communities, and used as a basis for decisions on future land development requests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=257585','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=257585"><span>Salmonella recovery following <span class="hlt">air</span> chilling for matched neck-skin and whole carcass <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methodologies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The prevalence and serogroups of Salmonella recovered following <span class="hlt">air</span> chilling were determined for both enriched neck skin and matching enriched whole carcass <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Commercially processed and eviscerated carcasses were <span class="hlt">air</span> chilled to 4C before removing the neck skin (8.3 g) and stomaching in 83 mL...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106482','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106482"><span>Sorbent-based <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Part 2. Sorbent selection and other aspects of optimizing <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring methods.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Woolfenden, Elizabeth</p> <p>2010-04-16</p> <p>Sorbent tubes/traps are widely used in combination with gas chromatographic (GC) analytical methods to monitor the vapour-phase fraction of organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Applications range from atmospheric research and ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring (indoor and outdoor) to occupational hygiene (personal exposure assessment) and measuring chemical emission levels. Part 1 of this paper reviewed the main sorbent-based <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategies including active (pumped) tube monitoring, diffusive (passive) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> onto sorbent tubes/cartridges plus sorbent trapping/focusing of whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> that are either collected in containers (such as canisters or bags) or monitored online. Options for subsequent extraction and transfer to GC(MS) analysis were also summarised and the trend to thermal desorption (TD)-based methods and away from solvent extraction was explained. As a result of this trend, demand for TD-compatible sorbents (alternatives to traditional charcoal) is growing. Part 2 of this paper therefore continues with a summary of TD-compatible sorbents, their respective advantages and limitations and considerations for sorbent selection. Other analytical considerations for optimizing sorbent-based <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring methods are also discussed together with recent technical developments and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> accessories which have extended the application range of sorbent trapping technology generally. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22046906-air-plasma-effect-dental-disinfection','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22046906-air-plasma-effect-dental-disinfection"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> plasma effect on dental disinfection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Duarte, S.; Murata, R. M.; Saxena, D.</p> <p>2011-07-15</p> <p>A nonthermal low temperature <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma jet is characterized and applied to study the plasma effects on oral pathogens and biofilms. Experiments were performed on <span class="hlt">samples</span> of six defined microorganisms' cultures, including those of gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and on a cultivating biofilm <span class="hlt">sample</span> of Streptococcus mutans UA159. The results show that the plasma jet creates a <span class="hlt">zone</span> of microbial growth inhibition in each treated <span class="hlt">sample</span>; the <span class="hlt">zone</span> increases with the plasma treatment time and expands beyond the entire region directly exposed to the plasma jet. With 30s plasma treatment twice daily during 5 days of biofilm cultivation, its formationmore » was inhibited. The viability of S. mutans cells in the treated biofilms dropped to below the measurable level and the killed bacterial cells concentrated to local regions as manifested by the fluorescence microscopy via the environmental scanning electron microscope. The emission spectroscopy of the jet indicates that its plasma effluent carries an abundance of reactive atomic oxygen, providing catalyst for the observed plasma effect.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23951164','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23951164"><span>Airborne detection and quantification of swine influenza a virus in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected inside, outside and downwind from swine barns.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Corzo, Cesar A; Culhane, Marie; Dee, Scott; Morrison, Robert B; Torremorell, Montserrat</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Airborne transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine is speculated to be an important route of virus dissemination, but data are scarce. This study attempted to detect and quantify airborne IAV by virus isolation and RRT-PCR in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected under field conditions. This was accomplished by collecting <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from four acutely infected pig farms and locating <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers inside the barns, at the external exhaust fans and downwind from the farms at distances up to 2.1 km. IAV was detected in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in 3 out of 4 farms included in the study. Isolation of IAV was possible from <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected inside the barn at two of the farms and in one farm from the exhausted <span class="hlt">air</span>. Between 13% and 100% of <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected inside the barns tested RRT-PCR positive with an average viral load of 3.20E+05 IAV RNA copies/m³ of <span class="hlt">air</span>. Percentage of exhaust positive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> also ranged between 13% and 100% with an average viral load of 1.79E+04 RNA copies/m³ of <span class="hlt">air</span>. Influenza virus RNA was detected in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected between 1.5 and 2.1 Km away from the farms with viral levels significantly lower at 4.65E+03 RNA copies/m³. H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes were detected in the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> and the hemagglutinin gene sequences identified in the swine <span class="hlt">samples</span> matched those in aerosols providing evidence that the viruses detected in the aerosols originated from the pigs in the farms under study. Overall our results indicate that pigs can be a source of IAV infectious aerosols and that these aerosols can be exhausted from pig barns and be transported downwind. The results from this study provide evidence of the risk of aerosol transmission in pigs under field conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3738518','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3738518"><span>Airborne Detection and Quantification of Swine Influenza A Virus in <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Collected Inside, Outside and Downwind from Swine Barns</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Corzo, Cesar A.; Culhane, Marie; Dee, Scott; Morrison, Robert B.; Torremorell, Montserrat</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Airborne transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine is speculated to be an important route of virus dissemination, but data are scarce. This study attempted to detect and quantify airborne IAV by virus isolation and RRT-PCR in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected under field conditions. This was accomplished by collecting <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from four acutely infected pig farms and locating <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers inside the barns, at the external exhaust fans and downwind from the farms at distances up to 2.1 km. IAV was detected in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in 3 out of 4 farms included in the study. Isolation of IAV was possible from <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected inside the barn at two of the farms and in one farm from the exhausted <span class="hlt">air</span>. Between 13% and 100% of <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected inside the barns tested RRT-PCR positive with an average viral load of 3.20E+05 IAV RNA copies/m3 of <span class="hlt">air</span>. Percentage of exhaust positive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> also ranged between 13% and 100% with an average viral load of 1.79E+04 RNA copies/m3 of <span class="hlt">air</span>. Influenza virus RNA was detected in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected between 1.5 and 2.1 Km away from the farms with viral levels significantly lower at 4.65E+03 RNA copies/m3. H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes were detected in the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> and the hemagglutinin gene sequences identified in the swine <span class="hlt">samples</span> matched those in aerosols providing evidence that the viruses detected in the aerosols originated from the pigs in the farms under study. Overall our results indicate that pigs can be a source of IAV infectious aerosols and that these aerosols can be exhausted from pig barns and be transported downwind. The results from this study provide evidence of the risk of aerosol transmission in pigs under field conditions. PMID:23951164</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377742','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377742"><span>[Perception of health risks due to <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution among adolescents in Mexico City].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Catalán-Vázquez, Minerva; Riojas-Rodríguez, Horacio; Jarillo-Soto, Edgar C; Delgadillo-Gutiérrez, Héctor Javier</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Analyze the relations established between <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and health-disease-death in a <span class="hlt">sample</span> of students in Mexico City. Survey of 1274 students from 14 secondary schools in five areas in Mexico City was conducted between March and April of 2003. We used a multi-stage <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, based in a basic geostatistical areas (AGEB). A total of 84.4% believed that Mexico City has a high, or very high <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution; that valuation decreases as it approaches the most immediate place in which the students live. The health risks range from effects on respiratory health, 66.9%, to other effects on daily life, 2.2%. The predictors that <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution is perceived as serious/very serious are: 1) that they associate it with the possibility of causing death (OR= 1.35, 95% CI=1.02-1.77), and 2) that they attend schools located in the La Merced <span class="hlt">zone</span>, (OR= 2.23, 95% CI= 1.56-3.21). Determinants of perception, such as gender, <span class="hlt">zone</span> where the school is located and the differences in <span class="hlt">air</span> quality perceived in the city/area/schools, suggest that focalizing components must be involved in environmental policies, in order to make environmental programs more effective at the local level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA614363','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA614363"><span>Environmental Assessment: Improvements to Silver Flag Training Area at Tyndall <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>moderate in magnitude on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, noise, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zone</span> program soils , wetlands, surface water, floodplains, vegetation, fish...magnitude, on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, noise, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zone</span> program, soils , wetlands, smf ace water, floodplains, vegetation, fish and wildlife...range from negligible to moderate in magnitude on <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, noise, <span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zone</span> program, soils , wetlands, surface water</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3444341','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3444341"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> procedures to evaluate microbial contamination: a comparison between active and passive methods in operating theatres</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background Since <span class="hlt">air</span> can play a central role as a reservoir for microorganisms, in controlled environments such as operating theatres regular microbial monitoring is useful to measure <span class="hlt">air</span> quality and identify critical situations. The aim of this study is to assess microbial contamination levels in operating theatres using both an active and a passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method and then to assess if there is a correlation between the results of the two different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods. Methods The study was performed in 32 turbulent <span class="hlt">air</span> flow operating theatres of a University Hospital in Southern Italy. Active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> was carried out using the Surface <span class="hlt">Air</span> System and passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with settle plates, in accordance with ISO 14698. The Total Viable Count (TVC) was evaluated at rest (in the morning before the beginning of surgical activity) and in operational (during surgery). Results The mean TVC at rest was 12.4 CFU/m3 and 722.5 CFU/m2/h for active and passive <span class="hlt">samplings</span> respectively. The mean in operational TVC was 93.8 CFU/m3 (SD = 52.69; range = 22-256) and 10496.5 CFU/m2/h (SD = 7460.5; range = 1415.5-25479.7) for active and passive <span class="hlt">samplings</span> respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed that the two methods correlate in a comparable way with the quality of <span class="hlt">air</span>. Conclusion It is possible to conclude that both methods can be used for general monitoring of <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination, such as routine surveillance programs. However, the choice must be made between one or the other to obtain specific information. PMID:22853006</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=326755','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=326755"><span>Breakthrough of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin from 600 mg XAD-4 <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> tubes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Accurately measuring <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations of agricultural fumigants is important for the regulation of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. Understanding the conditions under which sorbent tubes can effectively retain such fumigants during <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is critical in mitigating chemical breakthrough from the tubes and facilitati...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20449222','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20449222"><span>Development of a miniaturized diffusive sampler for true breathing-<span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and thermal desorption gas chromatographic analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lindahl, Roger; Levin, Jan-Olof; Sundgren, Margit</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>Exposure measurements should be performed as close as possible to the nose and mouth for a more correct assessment of exposure. User-friendly <span class="hlt">sampling</span> equipment, with a minimum of handling before, during and after measurement, should not affect ordinary work. In diffusive (passive) <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, no extra equipment as <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pumps is needed, making the measurements more acceptable to the user. The diffusive samplers are normally attached on a shoulder, on a breast-pocket or on the lapel. There are, however, difficulties if true breathing-<span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is to be performed, since available diffusive samplers normally cannot be arranged close to the nose/mouth. The purpose of this work was to study the performance of a miniaturized tube type diffusive sampler attached to a headset for true breathing-<span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. The basis for this miniaturization was the Perkin Elmer ATD tube. Both the size of the tube and the amount of adsorbent was decreased for the miniaturized sampler. A special tube holder to be used with a headset was designed for the mini tube. The mini tube is thermally desorbed inside a standard PE tube. The new sampler was evaluated for the determination of styrene, both in laboratory experiments and in field measurements. As reference method, diffusive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with standard Perkin Elmer tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis was used. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rate was determined to 0.356 mL min(-1) (CV 9.6%) and was not significantly affected by concentration, <span class="hlt">sampling</span> time or relative humidity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570212','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570212"><span>Mercury in precipitation at an urbanized coastal <span class="hlt">zone</span> of the Baltic Sea (Poland).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saniewska, Dominika; Bełdowska, Magdalena; Bełdowski, Jacek; Falkowska, Lucyna</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Wet deposition is an important source of metals to the sea. The temporal variability of Hg concentrations in precipitation, and the impact of <span class="hlt">air</span> masses of different origins over the Polish coastal <span class="hlt">zone</span> were assessed. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> of precipitation were collected (August 2008-May 2009) at an urbanized coastal station in Poland. Hg analyses were conducted using CVAFS. These were the first measurements of Hg concentration in precipitation obtained in the Polish coastal <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Since Poland was identified as the biggest emitter of Hg to the Baltic, these data are very important. In the heating and non-heating season, Hg concentrations in precipitation were similar. Hg wet deposition flux dominated in summer, when the production of biomass in the aquatic system was able to actively adsorb Hg. Input of metal to the sea was attributed to regional and distant sources. Maritime <span class="hlt">air</span> masses, through transformation of Hg(0), were an essential vector of mercury in precipitation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884966','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884966"><span>Is there a role for anterior <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> as part of saturation trans-rectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cole, Eric; Margel, David; Greenspan, Michael; Shayegan, Bobby; Matsumoto, Edward; Fischer, Marc A; Patlas, Michael; Daya, Dean; Pinthus, Jehonathan H</p> <p>2014-05-03</p> <p>The prostatic anterior <span class="hlt">zone</span> (AZ) is not targeted routinely by TRUS guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Pbx). MRI is an accurate diagnostic tool for AZ tumors, but is often unavailable due to cost or system restrictions. We examined the diagnostic yield of office based AZ TRUS-Pbx. 127 men at risk for AZ tumors were studied: Patients with elevated PSA and previous extended negative TRUS-Pbx (group 1, n = 78) and actively surveyed low risk prostate cancer patients (group 2, n = 49). None of the participants had a previous AZ biopsy. Biopsy template included suspicious ultrasonic areas, 16 peripheral <span class="hlt">zone</span> (PZ), 4 transitional <span class="hlt">zone</span> (TZ) and 6 AZ cores. All biopsies were performed by a single urologist under local peri-prostatic anaesthetic, using the B-K Medical US System, an end-firing probe 4-12 MHZ and 18 ga/25 cm needle. All <span class="hlt">samples</span> were reviewed by a single specialized uro-pathologist. Multivariate analysis was used to detect predictors for AZ tumors accounting for age, PSA, PSA density, prostate volume, BMI, and number of previous biopsies. Median PSA was 10.4 (group 1) and 7.3 (group 2). Age (63.9, 64.5), number of previous biopsies (1.5) and cores (17.8, 21.3) and prostate volume (56.4 cc, 51 cc) were similar for both groups. The overall diagnostic yield was 34.6% (group 1) and 85.7% (group 2). AZ cancers were detected in 21.8% (group 1) and 34.7% (group 2) but were rarely the only <span class="hlt">zone</span> involved (1.3% and 4.1% respectively). Gleason ≥ 7 AZ cancers were often accompanied by equal grade PZ tumors. In multivariate analysis only prostate volume predicted for AZ tumors. Patients detected with AZ tumors had significantly smaller prostates (36.9 cc vs. 61.1 cc p < 0.001). Suspicious AZ ultrasonic findings were uncommon (6.3%). TRUS-Pbx AZ <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rarely improves the diagnostic yield of extended PZ <span class="hlt">sampling</span> in patients with elevated PSA and previous negative biopsies. In low risk prostate cancer patients who are followed by active surveillance, AZ <span class="hlt">sampling</span> changes risk</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790014483','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790014483"><span>Ozone measurement system for NASA global <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tiefermann, M. W.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The ozone measurement system used in the NASA Global <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Program is described. The system uses a commercially available ozone concentration monitor that was modified and repackaged so as to operate unattended in an aircraft environment. The modifications required for aircraft use are described along with the calibration techniques, the measurement of ozone loss in the <span class="hlt">sample</span> lines, and the operating procedures that were developed for use in the program. Based on calibrations with JPL's 5-meter ultraviolet photometer, all previously published GASP ozone data are biased high by 9 percent. A system error analysis showed that the total system measurement random error is from 3 to 8 percent of reading (depending on the pump diaphragm material) or 3 ppbv, whichever are greater.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED091635.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED091635.pdf"><span>Variables Related to Pre-Service Cannabis Use in a <span class="hlt">Sample</span> of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Enlistees.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mullins, Cecil J.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>This report is an attempt to add to the existing information about cannabis use, its correlates, and its effects. The <span class="hlt">sample</span> population consisted of self-admitted abusers of various drugs, identified shortly after entering the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force. The subjects (N=4688) were located through the Drug Control Office at Lackland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base. Variables…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27682902','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27682902"><span>Modeling and Qualification of a Modified Emission Unit for Radioactive <span class="hlt">Air</span> Emissions Stack <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Compliance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barnett, J Matthew; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Recknagle, Kurtis P; Glissmeyer, John A</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>A planned laboratory space and exhaust system modification to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Material Science and Technology Building indicated that a new evaluation of the mixing at the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system location would be required for compliance to ANSI/HPS N13.1-2011. The modified exhaust system would add a third fan, thereby increasing the overall exhaust rate out the stack, thus voiding the previous mixing study. Prior to modifying the radioactive <span class="hlt">air</span> emissions exhaust system, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics computer model was used to evaluate the mixing at the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system location. Modeling of the original three-fan system indicated that not all mixing criteria could be met. A second modeling effort was conducted with the addition of an <span class="hlt">air</span> blender downstream of the confluence of the three fans, which then showed satisfactory mixing results. The final installation included an <span class="hlt">air</span> blender, and the exhaust system underwent full-scale tests to verify velocity, cyclonic flow, gas, and particulate uniformity. The modeling results and those of the full-scale tests show agreement between each of the evaluated criteria. The use of a computational fluid dynamics code was an effective aid in the design process and allowed the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system to remain in its original location while still meeting the requirements for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at a well mixed location.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.A53B1167B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.A53B1167B"><span>Firn-<span class="hlt">air</span> Properties and Influences at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Battle, M. O.; Severinghaus, J. P.; Montzka, S. A.; Sofen, E. D.; Tans, P. P.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>In December 2005, we collected <span class="hlt">samples</span> of firn <span class="hlt">air</span> from a pair of dedicated boreholes drilled at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS-D), immediately adjacent to the WAIS-D deep ice coring effort currently underway at 79° 28'S, 112° 7'W at an elevation of ~1800m. The site is characterized by moderate temperatures (annual mean of -31°C) and moderate accumulation (24 cm/yr ice-equivalent). These <span class="hlt">samples</span> were analyzed for a wide variety of atmospheric species by laboratories at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, NOAA-ESRL, University of Colorado/INSTAAR, UC Irvine and Penn. State University. In this presentation, we focus on general properties of the firn <span class="hlt">air</span> at this site and the influences on its composition, as inferred from concentration data for CO2, CH4, and a range of halogenated species, as well as the stable isotope ratios of N2 and several noble gases. Preliminary analyses indicate the presence of a shallow convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> (a few meters or less), a diffusive region extending down to roughly 65m and a lock-in <span class="hlt">zone</span> from 65m to the firn-ice transition at 76.5m. There is also evidence of a thermally-driven seasonal cycle in composition in the upper 25m of the firn. Modeling studies indicate that the accumulation rate at this site is low enough that the downward advection of <span class="hlt">air</span> accompanying firn compression has a very small influence on the firn <span class="hlt">air</span> profile. <span class="hlt">Air</span> at the bottom of the diffusive column has a CO2-based age of 10-15 years (depending on the definition of "mean age"), while the <span class="hlt">air</span> at the firn-ice transition is ~38 years old. Concentrations of halogenated species in the <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected imply atmospheric histories that are generally consistent with those derived from direct atmospheric measurements and from firn <span class="hlt">air</span> collected at other sites. Additional properties of the <span class="hlt">air</span>, and their controlling processes will also be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1015G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1015G"><span>Evaluation of the swell effect on the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea gas transfer in the coastal <span class="hlt">zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gutiérrez-Loza, Lucía; Ocampo-Torres, Francisco J.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span>-sea gas transfer processes are one of the most important factors regarding global climate and long-term global climate changes. Despite its importance, there is still a huge uncertainty on how to better parametrize these processes in order to include them on the global climate models. This uncertainty exposes the need to increase our knowledge on gas transfer controlling mechanisms. In the coastal regions, breaking waves become a key factor to take into account when estimating gas fluxes, however, there is still a lack of information and the influence of the ocean surface waves on the <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea interaction and gas flux behavior must be validated. In this study, as part of the "Sea Surface Roughness as <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea Interaction Control" project, we evaluate the effect of the ocean surface waves on the gas exchange in the coastal <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Direct estimates of the flux of CO2 (FCO2) and water vapor (FH2O) through eddy covariance, were carried out from May 2014 to April 2015 in a coastal station located at the Northwest of Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, México. For the same period, ocean surface waves are recorded using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (Workhorse Sentinel, Teledyne RD Instruments) with a <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rate of 2 Hz and located at 10 m depth about 350 m away from the tower. We found the study area to be a weak sink of CO2 under moderate wind and wave conditions with a mean flux of -1.32 μmol/m2s. The correlation between the wind speed and FCO2 was found to be weak, suggesting that other physical processes besides wind may be important factors for the gas exchange modulation at coastal waters. The results of the quantile regression analysis computed between FCO2 and (1) wind speed, (2) significant wave height, (3) wave steepness and (4) water temperature, show that the significant wave height is the most correlated parameter with FCO2; Nevertheless, the behavior of their relation varies along the probability distribution of FCO2, with the linear regression</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4572920','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4572920"><span>Molecular differences in transition <span class="hlt">zone</span> and peripheral <span class="hlt">zone</span> prostate tumors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sinnott, Jennifer A.; Rider, Jennifer R.; Carlsson, Jessica; Gerke, Travis; Tyekucheva, Svitlana; Penney, Kathryn L.; Sesso, Howard D.; Loda, Massimo; Fall, Katja; Stampfer, Meir J.; Mucci, Lorelei A.; Pawitan, Yudi; Andersson, Sven-Olof; Andrén, Ove</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Prostate tumors arise primarily in the peripheral <span class="hlt">zone</span> (PZ) of the prostate, but 20–30% arise in the transition <span class="hlt">zone</span> (TZ). <span class="hlt">Zone</span> of origin may have prognostic value or reflect distinct molecular subtypes; however, it can be difficult to determine in practice. Using whole-genome gene expression, we built a signature of <span class="hlt">zone</span> using normal tissue from five individuals and found that it successfully classified nine tumors of known <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Hypothesizing that this signature captures tumor <span class="hlt">zone</span> of origin, we assessed its relationship with clinical factors among 369 tumors of unknown <span class="hlt">zone</span> from radical prostatectomies (RPs) and found that tumors that molecularly resembled TZ tumors showed lower mortality (P = 0.09) that was explained by lower Gleason scores (P = 0.009). We further applied the signature to an earlier study of 88 RP and 333 transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) tumor <span class="hlt">samples</span>, also of unknown <span class="hlt">zone</span>, with gene expression on ~6000 genes. We had observed previously substantial expression differences between RP and TURP specimens, and hypothesized that this might be because RPs capture primarily PZ tumors, whereas TURPs capture more TZ tumors. Our signature distinguished these two groups, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 87% (P < 0.0001). Our findings that zonal differences in normal tissue persist in tumor tissue and that these differences are associated with Gleason score and <span class="hlt">sample</span> type suggest that subtypes potentially resulting from different etiologic pathways might arise in these <span class="hlt">zones</span>. <span class="hlt">Zone</span> of origin may be important to consider in prostate tumor biomarker research. PMID:25870172</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918562G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918562G"><span>Development and deployment of a passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system in groundwater to characterize the critical <span class="hlt">zone</span> through isotope tracing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gal, Frédérick; Négrel, Philippe; Chagué, Bryan</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The Critical <span class="hlt">Zone</span> (CZ) is the evolving boundary layer where rock, soil, water, <span class="hlt">air</span>, and living organisms interact, <span class="hlt">zone</span> controlling the transfer and storage of water and chemical elements. For investigating the CZ, we have developed an integrative <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system to concentrate the chemical elements in groundwater (CRITEX project). Aims are to measure concentrations and isotopic ratios in groundwater through integrative <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. In the frame of the groundwater analysis, particularly those located in the critical <span class="hlt">zone</span> (0-100 m depth), this system makes it possible to create a water flow in a support of passive samplers using Diffusive Gradient in Thin type (DGT) and thus to pre-concentrate the chemical species on a chelating resin by diffusion through a membrane and over a given period in order to facilitate subsequent laboratory measurements. Because DGTs are generally used in surface waters with a high flow rate, the current objective is to create a sufficient flow of water in the sampler to optimize the trapping of elements. Different options and geometries have been modelled by simulation of the flow (agitation of water supplied by a motor and a propeller, pumping ...). The economic model of the device is based on an assembly of commercially available equipment, the novation is based on the support, fully designed in house (patent pending). The device aims to recreate sufficient water flow to avoid the creation of a too large Diffusion Boundary Layer (DBL) on the DGT surface and then to mimic the uptake conditions that prevail in surface waters. The simulations made it possible to optimize the position of the DGT and the velocity of the fluid in order to obtain the maximum flow at its surface and avoid the creation of the DBL. Conditions equivalent to those of a circulation of weakly agitated surface water are thus recreated. The first tests were carried out at lab, in a column simulating a piezometer, including pump, DGT holder and flow meter. Initial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AMT....10.2163M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AMT....10.2163M"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-HR: a high-resolution column <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to enhance the vertical description of CH4 and CO2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Membrive, Olivier; Crevoisier, Cyril; Sweeney, Colm; Danis, François; Hertzog, Albert; Engel, Andreas; Bönisch, Harald; Picon, Laurence</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>An original and innovative <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system called <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core was presented by NOAA in 2010 Karion et al.(2010). It consists of a long ( > 100 m) and narrow ( < 1 cm) stainless steel tube that can retain a profile of atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span>. The captured <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> has then to be analyzed with a gas analyzer for trace mole fraction. In this study, we introduce a new <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core aiming to improve resolution along the vertical with the objectives to (i) better capture the vertical distribution of CO2 and CH4, (ii) provide a tool to compare <span class="hlt">Air</span>Cores and validate the estimated vertical resolution achieved by <span class="hlt">Air</span>Cores. This (high-resolution) <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-HR consists of a 300 m tube, combining 200 m of 0.125 in. (3.175 mm) tube and a 100 m of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) tube. This new configuration allows us to achieve a vertical resolution of 300 m up to 15 km and better than 500 m up to 22 km (if analysis of the retained <span class="hlt">sample</span> is performed within 3 h). The <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-HR was flown for the first time during the annual StratoScience campaign from CNES in August 2014 from Timmins (Ontario, Canada). High-resolution vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4 up to 25 km were successfully retrieved. These profiles revealed well-defined transport structures in the troposphere (also seen in CAMS-ECMWF high-resolution forecasts of CO2 and CH4 profiles) and captured the decrease of CO2 and CH4 in the stratosphere. The multi-instrument gondola also carried two other low-resolution <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-GUF that allowed us to perform direct comparisons and study the underlying processing method used to convert the <span class="hlt">sample</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> to greenhouse gases vertical profiles. In particular, degrading the <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-HR derived profiles to the low resolution of <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-GUF yields an excellent match between both sets of CH4 profiles and shows a good consistency in terms of vertical structures. This fully validates the theoretical vertical resolution achievable by <span class="hlt">Air</span>Cores. Concerning CO2 although a good agreement is found in terms of vertical structure</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=308311&keyword=Control+AND+Science+AND+Engineering&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=308311&keyword=Control+AND+Science+AND+Engineering&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Passive Samplers for Investigations of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality: Method Description, Implementation, and Comparison to Alternative <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This Paper covers the basics of passive sampler design, compares passive samplers to conventional methods of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, and discusses considerations when implementing a passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> program. The Paper also discusses field <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and <span class="hlt">sample</span> analysis considerations to ensu...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=160564&keyword=tics&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=160564&keyword=tics&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION REPORT CEREX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES UV HOUND POINT <span class="hlt">SAMPLE</span> <span class="hlt">AIR</span> MONITOR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The USEPA's National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) Technology Testing and Evaluation Program (TTEP) is carrying out performance tests on homeland security technologies. Under TTEP, Battelle evaluated the performance of the Cerex UV Hound point <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor in de...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=338111&keyword=stephen&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=338111&keyword=stephen&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Comparison of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and dust collection methods for fungal exposure assessment using quantitative PCR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Evaluating fungal contamination indoors is complicated because of the many different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods utilized. In this study, fungal contamination was evaluated using five <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and four matrices for results. The five <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods were a 48 hour indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A51S..02F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A51S..02F"><span>Scheduling whole-<span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> above the Trade Wind Inversion from SUAS using real-time sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Freer, J. E.; Greatwood, C.; Thomas, R.; Richardson, T.; Brownlow, R.; Lowry, D.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Nisbet, E. G.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Small Unmanned <span class="hlt">Air</span> Systems (SUAS) are increasingly being used in science applications for a range of applications. Here we explore their use to schedule the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> masses up to 2.5km above ground using computer controlled bespoked Octocopter platforms. Whole-<span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is targeted above, within and below the Trade Wind Inversion (TWI). On-board sensors profiled the TWI characteristics in real time on ascent and, hence, guided the altitudes at which <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken on descent. The science driver for this research is investigation of the Southern Methane Anomaly and, more broadly, the hemispheric-scale transport of long-lived atmospheric tracers in the remote troposphere. Here we focus on the practical application of SUAS for this purpose. Highlighting the need for mission planning, computer control, onboard sensors and logistics in deploying such technologies for out of line-of-sight applications. We show how such a platform can be deployed successfully, resulting in some 60 <span class="hlt">sampling</span> flights within a 10 day period. Challenges remain regarding the deployment of such platforms routinely and cost-effectively, particularly regarding training and support. We present some initial results from the methane <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and its implication for exploring and understanding the Southern Methane Anomaly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA085134','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA085134"><span>Decision Aids for Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> ASW</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1980-03-15</p> <p>Algorithm for <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Optimization Investigation) NADC Developing Sonobuoy Pattern for <span class="hlt">Air</span> ASW Search DAISY (Decision Aiding Information System) Wharton...sion making behavior. 0 Artificial intelligence sequential pattern recognition algorithm for reconstructing the decision maker’s utility functions. 0...display presenting the uncertainty area of the target. 3.1.5 Algorithm for <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Optimization Investigation (AZOI) -- Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Development Center 0 A</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA561785','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA561785"><span>Entrainment <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Characteristics and Entrainment Rates in Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers from DYCOMS-II</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>water and ozone across the EIL. The scalar variables from this flight (not shown) suggest significant horizontal variation in the free- troposphere ...near the cloud top where mixing occurs between dry free- troposphere <span class="hlt">air</span> and moist turbulent <span class="hlt">air</span>. Although the concept of the entrainment <span class="hlt">zone</span> is...mixing occurs between dry free- troposphere <span class="hlt">air</span> and moist turbulent <span class="hlt">air</span>. Although the concept of the entrainment <span class="hlt">zone</span> is clear, defining the top and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=66485&keyword=gas+AND+pump&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=66485&keyword=gas+AND+pump&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>DEVELOPMENT OF A SUB-SLAB <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLING</span> PROTOCOL TO SUPPORT ASSESSMENT OF VAPOR INTRUSION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The primary purpose of this research effort is to develop a methodology for sub-slab <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to support the EPA guidance and vapor intrusion investigations after vapor intrusion has been established at a site. Methodologies for sub-slab <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> are currently lacking in ref...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28738865','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28738865"><span>Avian influenza H9N2 virus isolated from <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in LPMs in Jiangxi, China.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zeng, Xiaoxu; Liu, Mingbin; Zhang, Heng; Wu, Jingwen; Zhao, Xiang; Chen, Wenbing; Yang, Lei; He, Fenglan; Fan, Guoyin; Wang, Dayan; Chen, Haiying; Shu, Yuelong</p> <p>2017-07-24</p> <p>Recently, avian influenza virus has caused repeated worldwide outbreaks in humans. Live Poultry Markets (LPMs) play an important role in the circulation and reassortment of novel Avian Influenza Virus (AIVs). Aerosol transmission is one of the most important pathways for influenza virus to spread among poultry, from poultry to mammals, and among mammals. In this study, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected from LPMs in Nanchang city between April 2014 and March 2015 to investigate possible aerosol transmission of AIVs. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were detected for Flu A by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RRT-PCR). If <span class="hlt">samples</span> were positive for Flu A, they were inoculated into 9- to 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free embryonated eggs. If the result was positive, the whole genome of the virus was sequenced by MiSeq. Phylogenetic trees of all 8 segments were constructed using MEGA 6.05 software. To investigate the possible aerosol transmission of AIVs, 807 <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected from LPMs in Nanchang city between April 2014 and March 2015. Based on RRT-PCR results, 275 <span class="hlt">samples</span> (34.1%) were Flu A positive, and one virus was successfully isolated with embryonated eggs. The virus shared high nucleotide homology with H9N2 AIVs from South China. Our study provides further evidence that the <span class="hlt">air</span> in LPMs can be contaminated by influenza viruses and their nucleic acids, and this should be considered when choosing and evaluating disinfection strategies in LPMs, such as regular <span class="hlt">air</span> disinfection. Aerosolized viruses such as the H9N2 virus detected in this study can increase the risk of human infection when people are exposed in LPMs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=319410&keyword=online+AND+review&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=319410&keyword=online+AND+review&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Comparison of stationary and personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with an <span class="hlt">air</span> dispersion model for children’s ambient exposure to manganese</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in the environment and essential for normal growth and development, yet excessive exposure can lead to impairments in neurological function. This study modeled ambient Mn concentrations as an alternative to stationary and personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to asse...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16010130','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16010130"><span>Use of alpha spectroscopy for conducting rapid surveys of transuranic activity on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters and smears.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hayes, Robert B; Peña, Adan M; Goff, Thomas E</p> <p>2005-08-01</p> <p>This paper demonstrates the utility of a portable alpha Continuous <span class="hlt">Air</span> Monitor (CAM) as a bench top scalar counter for multiple <span class="hlt">sample</span> types. These include using the CAM to count fixed <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters and radiological smears. In counting radiological smears, the CAM is used very much like a gas flow proportional counter (GFPC), albeit with a lower efficiency. Due to the typically low background in this configuration, the minimum detectable activity for a 5-min count should be in the range of about 10 dpm which is acceptably below the 20 dpm limit for transuranic isotopes. When counting fixed <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters, the CAM algorithm along with other measurable characteristics can be used to identify and quantify the presence of transuranic isotopes in the <span class="hlt">samples</span>. When the radiological control technician wants to take some credit from naturally occurring radioactive material contributions due to radon progeny producing higher energy peaks (as in the case with a fixed <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filter), then more elaborate techniques are required. The techniques presented here will generate a decision level of about 43 dpm for such applications. The calibration for this application should alternatively be done using the default values of channels 92-126 for region of interest 1. This can be done within 10 to 15 min resulting in a method to rapidly evaluate <span class="hlt">air</span> filters for transuranic activity. When compared to the 1-h count technique described by , the technique presented in the present work demonstrates a technique whereby more than two thirds of <span class="hlt">samples</span> can be rapidly shown (within 10 to 15 min) to be within regulatory compliant limits. In both cases, however, spectral quality checks are required to insure <span class="hlt">sample</span> self attenuation is not a significant bias in the activity estimates. This will allow the same level of confidence when using these techniques for activity quantification as is presently available for <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring activity quantification using CAMs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013114','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013114"><span>Spectral fingerprinting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-volume ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by constant energy synchronous luminescence spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kerkhoff, M.J.; Lee, T.M.; Allen, E.R.; Lundgren, D.A.; Winefordner, J.D.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>A high-volume sampler fitted with a glass-fiber filter and backed by polyurethane foam (PUF) was employed to collect airborne particulate and gas-phase polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> were collected from four sources representing a range of environmental conditions: gasoline engine exhaust, diesel engine exhaust, <span class="hlt">air</span> near a heavily traveled interstate site, and <span class="hlt">air</span> from a moderately polluted urban site. Spectral fingerprints of the unseparated particulate and gas-phase <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained by constant energy synchronous luminescence spectroscopy (CESLS). Five major PAHs in the gas-phase extracts were characterized and estimated. The compatibility of a high-volume <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method using polyurethane foam coupled with CESLS detection is explored for use as a screening technique for PAHs in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. ?? 1985 American Chemical Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.T51A4564J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.T51A4564J"><span>Elastic Properties of Subduction <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Materials in the Large Shallow Slip Environment for the Tohoku 2011 Earthquake: Laboratory data from JFAST Core <span class="hlt">Samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jeppson, T.; Tobin, H. J.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw=9.0) produced large displacements of ~50 meters near the Japan Trench. In order to understand earthquake propagation and slip stabilization in this environment, quantitative values of the real elastic properties of fault <span class="hlt">zones</span> and their surrounding wall rock material is crucial. Because elastic and mechanical properties of faults and wallrocks are controlling factors in fault strength, earthquake generation and propagation, and slip stabilization, an understanding of these properties and their depth dependence is essential to understanding and accurately modeling earthquake rupture. In particular, quantitatively measured S-wave speeds, needed for estimation of elastic properties, are scarce in the literature. We report laboratory ultrasonic velocity measurements performed at elevated pressures, as well as the calculated dynamic elastic moduli, for <span class="hlt">samples</span> of the rock surrounding the Tohoku earthquake principal fault <span class="hlt">zone</span> recovered by drilling during IODP Expedition 343, Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST). We performed measurements on five <span class="hlt">samples</span> of gray mudstone from the hanging wall and one <span class="hlt">sample</span> of underthrust brown mudstone from the footwall. We find P- and S-wave velocities of 2.0 to 2.4 km/s and 0.7 to 1.0 km/s, respectively, at 5 MPa effective pressure. At the same effective pressure, the hanging wall <span class="hlt">samples</span> have shear moduli ranging from 1.4 to 2.2 GPa and the footwall <span class="hlt">sample</span> has a shear modulus of 1.0 GPa. While these values are perhaps not surprising for shallow, clay-rich subduction <span class="hlt">zone</span> sediments, they are substantially lower than the 30 GPa commonly assumed for rigidity in earthquake rupture and propagation models [e.g., Ide et al., 1993; Liu and Rice, 2005; Loveless and Meade, 2011]. In order to better understand the elastic properties of shallow subduction <span class="hlt">zone</span> sediments, our measurements from the Japan Trench are compared to similar shallow drill core <span class="hlt">samples</span> from the Nankai Trough, Costa Rica</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SPIE.3536..138R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SPIE.3536..138R"><span>High-resolution real-time optical studies of radiological <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filtration processes in an environmental continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodgers, John C.; Wasiolek, Piotr T.; Schery, Stephen D.; Alcantara, Raul E.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>The need for a continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor capable of quick and accurate measurements of airborne radioactivity in close proximity to the work environment during waste management, site restoration, and D&D operations led to the Los Alamos National Laboratory development of an environmental continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor (ECAM). Monitoring the hostile work environment of waste recovery, for example, presents unique challenges for detector design for detectors previously used for the clean room conditions of the typical plutonium laboratory. The environmental and atmospheric conditions (dust, high wind, etc.) influence aerosol particle penetration into the ECAM <span class="hlt">sampling</span> head as well as the build-up of deposits on the ECAM filter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JPhCS.151a2058K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JPhCS.151a2058K"><span>Size selective isocyanate aerosols personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using porous plastic foams</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khanh Huynh, Cong; Duc, Trinh Vu</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>As part of a European project (SMT4-CT96-2137), various European institutions specialized in occupational hygiene (BGIA, HSL, IOM, INRS, IST, Ambiente e Lavoro) have established a program of scientific collaboration to develop one or more prototypes of European personal samplers for the collection of simultaneous three dust fractions: inhalable, thoracic and respirable. These samplers based on existing <span class="hlt">sampling</span> heads (IOM, GSP and cassettes) use Polyurethane Plastic Foam (PUF) according to their porosity to support <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and separator size of the particles. In this study, the authors present an original application of size selective personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using chemical impregnated PUF to perform isocyanate aerosols capturing and derivatizing in industrial spray-painting shops.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/973323','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/973323"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Gaps, Size Effect, and Corner-Turning in Ambient LX-17</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Souers, P C; Hernandez, A; Cabacungan, C</p> <p>2008-02-05</p> <p>Various ambient measurements are presented for LX-17. The size (diameter) effect has been measured with copper and Lucite confinement, where the failure radii are 4.0 and 6.5 mm, respectively. The <span class="hlt">air</span> well corner-turn has been measured with an LX-07 booster, and the dead-<span class="hlt">zone</span> results are comparable to the previous TATB-boosted work. Four double cylinders have been fired, and dead <span class="hlt">zones</span> appear in all cases. The steel-backed <span class="hlt">samples</span> are faster than the Lucite-backed <span class="hlt">samples</span> by 0.6 {micro}s. Bare LX-07 and LX-17 of 12.7 mm-radius were fired with <span class="hlt">air</span> gaps. Long acceptor regions were used to truly determine if detonation occurred ormore » not. The LX-07 crossed at 10 mm with a slight time delay. Steady state LX-17 crossed at 3.5 mm gap but failed to cross at 4.0 mm. LX-17 with a 12.7 mm run after the booster crossed a 1.5 mm gap but failed to cross 2.5 mm. Timing delays were measured where the detonation crossed the gaps. The Tarantula model is introduced as embedded in 0 reactive flow JWL++ and Linked Cheetah V4, mostly at 4 <span class="hlt">zones</span>/mm. Tarantula has four pressure regions: off, initiation, failure and detonation. The physical basis of the input parameters is considered.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621839','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621839"><span>Optimization of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> parameters for collection and preconcentration of alveolar <span class="hlt">air</span> by needle traps.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Filipiak, Wojciech; Filipiak, Anna; Ager, Clemens; Wiesenhofer, Helmut; Amann, Anton</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>The approach for breath-VOCs' collection and preconcentration by applying needle traps was developed and optimized. The alveolar <span class="hlt">air</span> was collected from only a few exhalations under visual control of expired CO(2) into a large gas-tight glass syringe and then warmed up to 45 °C for a short time to avoid condensation. Subsequently, a specially constructed <span class="hlt">sampling</span> device equipped with Bronkhorst® electronic flow controllers was used for automated adsorption. This <span class="hlt">sampling</span> device allows time-saving collection of expired/inspired <span class="hlt">air</span> in parallel onto three different needle traps as well as improvement of sensitivity and reproducibility of NT-GC-MS analysis by collection of relatively large (up to 150 ml) volume of exhaled breath. It was shown that the collection of alveolar <span class="hlt">air</span> derived from only a few exhalations into a large syringe followed by automated adsorption on needle traps yields better results than manual sorption by up/down cycles with a 1 ml syringe, mostly due to avoided condensation and electronically controlled stable <span class="hlt">sample</span> flow rate. The optimal profile and composition of needle traps consists of 2 cm Carbopack X and 1 cm Carboxen 1000, allowing highly efficient VOCs' enrichment, while injection by a fast expansive flow technique requires no modifications in instrumentation and fully automated GC-MS analysis can be performed with a commercially available autosampler. This optimized analytical procedure considerably facilitates the collection and enrichment of alveolar <span class="hlt">air</span>, and is therefore suitable for application at the bedside of critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Due to its simplicity it can replace the time-consuming <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of sufficient breath volume by numerous up/down cycles with a 1 ml syringe.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10983405','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10983405"><span>Exposures to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate during polyurethane spray painting in the U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carlton, G N; England, E C</p> <p>2000-09-01</p> <p>1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) exposures were measured during polyurethane enamel spray painting at four <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force bases. Breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected for HDI monomer and polyisocyanates (oligomers) using three <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods: NIOSH Method 5521, the Iso-Chek sampler, and the total aerosol mass method (TAMM). Exposures to HDI monomer are low when compared to current occupational exposure limits; the highest 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) exposure found was 3.5 micrograms/m3, below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) of 34 micrograms/m3. HDI oligomer levels were higher; mean task exposures indicated by either the Iso-Chek sampler or TAMM are above the Oregon ceiling limit of 1 mg/m3. Eight-hour TWA exposures, however, were much lower, with only one exceeding the Oregon standard of 0.5 mg/m3. Poor worker practices commonly observed during this study included: standing in downwind positions so paint overspray passed through breathing <span class="hlt">zones</span>; spraying toward other painters; and using excessive paint spray gun <span class="hlt">air</span> cap pressures. Workers should stand in upwind orientation relative to the aircraft being painted, causing overspray to move away from the painter's breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span>; adjust their position to prevent spraying other painters or limit paint application to one worker at a time; and use <span class="hlt">air</span> cap pressure gauges prior to spraying to limit spray gun <span class="hlt">air</span> cap pressures and reduce paint overspray generation rates. These improved techniques will result in reduced worker exposures to isocyanates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28242168','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28242168"><span>Monte Carlo simulation of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods for the measurement of radon decay products.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sima, Octavian; Luca, Aurelian; Sahagia, Maria</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>A stochastic model of the processes involved in the measurement of the activity of the 222 Rn decay products was developed. The distributions of the relevant factors, including <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and radionuclide collection, are propagated using Monte Carlo simulation to the final distribution of the measurement results. The uncertainties of the 222 Rn decay products concentrations in the <span class="hlt">air</span> are realistically evaluated. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740014684','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740014684"><span>Use of Whatman-41 filters in <span class="hlt">air</span> quality <span class="hlt">sampling</span> networks (with applications to elemental analysis)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Neustadter, H. E.; Sidik, S. M.; King, R. B.; Fordyce, J. S.; Burr, J. C.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>The operation of a 16-site parallel high volume <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> network with glass fiber filters on one unit and Whatman-41 filters on the other is reported. The network data and data from several other experiments indicate that (1) Sampler-to-sampler and filter-to-filter variabilities are small; (2) hygroscopic affinity of Whatman-41 filters need not introduce errors; and (3) suspended particulate <span class="hlt">samples</span> from glass fiber filters averaged slightly, but not statistically significantly, higher than from Whatman-41-filters. The results obtained demonstrate the practicability of Whatman-41 filters for <span class="hlt">air</span> quality monitoring and elemental analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17045306','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17045306"><span>Microbial community of cyanobacteria mats in the intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span> of oil-polluted coast of Saudi Arabia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Al-Thukair, A A; Abed, R M M; Mohamed, L</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>Cyanobacterial mats are found at various locations along the coast of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Those mats were affected by severe oil pollution following 1991 oil spill. In this study, <span class="hlt">samples</span> from Abu Ali Island were collected at three selected <span class="hlt">sampling</span> sites across the intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span> (Lower, Middle, and Upper) in order to understand the effect of extreme environmental conditions of high salinity, temperature and desiccation on distribution of cyanobacteria along the oil polluted intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Our investigation of composition of cyanobacteria and diatoms was carried out using light microscopy, and Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. Light microscopy identification revealed dominant cyanobacteria to be affiliated with genera Phormidium, Microcoleus, and Schizothrix, and to a lesser extent with Oscillatoria, Halothece, and various diatom species. The analysis of DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA fragments showed that the diversity of cyanobacteria decreases as we proceed from the lower to the upper intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Accordingly, the tidal regime, salinity, elevated ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature, and desiccation periods have a great influence on the distribution of cyanobacterial community in the oil polluted intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span> of Abu Ali Island.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1002953','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1002953"><span>Residues of 2, 4-D in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from Saskatchewan: 1966-1975.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grover, R; Kerr, L A; Wallace, K; Yoshida, K; Maybank, J</p> <p>1976-01-01</p> <p>Residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from several <span class="hlt">sampling</span> sites in central and southern Saskatchewan during the spraying seasons in the 1966-68 and 1970-75 periods were determined by gas-liquid chromatographic techniques. Initially, individual esters of 2,4-D were characterized by retention times and confirmed further by co-injection and dual column procedures. Since 1973, however, only total 2,4-D acid levels in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> have been determined after esterification to the methyl ester and confirmed by gc/ms techniques whenever possible. Up to 50% of the daily <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected during the spraying season at any of the locations and during any given year contained 2,4-D, with butyl esters being found most frequently. The daily 24-hr mean atmospheric concentrations of 2,4-D ranged from 0.01 to 1.22 mug/m3, 0.01 to 13.50 mug/m3, and 0.05 to 0.59 mug/m3 for the iso-propyl, mixed butyl and iso-octyl esters, respectively. Even when the <span class="hlt">samples</span> were analysed for the total 2,4-D content, i.e. from 1973 onwards, the maximum level of the total acid reached only 23.14 mug/m3. In any given year and at any of the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> sites, about 30% of the <span class="hlt">samples</span> contained less than 0.01 mug/m3 of 2,4-D. In another 40% of the <span class="hlt">samples</span>, the levels of 2,4-D ranged from 0.01 to 0.099 mug/m3. Only about 30% of the <span class="hlt">samples</span> contained 2,4-D concentrations higher than 0.1 mug/m3, with only 10% or less exceeding 1 mug/m3. None of the <span class="hlt">samples</span>, obtained with the high volume particulate sampler, showed any detectable levels of 2,4-D, indicating little or no transport of 2,4-D adsorbed on dust particles or as crystals of amine salts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18961327','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18961327"><span>Application of the <span class="hlt">zone</span>-melting technique to metal chelate systems-VI A new apparatus for <span class="hlt">zone</span>-melting chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maeda, S; Kobayashi, H; Ueno, K</p> <p>1973-07-01</p> <p>An improved apparatus has been constructed for <span class="hlt">zone</span>-melting chromatography. An essential feature of the apparatus is that the length of the molten <span class="hlt">zone</span> can be kept constant during a <span class="hlt">zone</span>-melting operation, by employing heating and cooling compartments which are separated from each other by double partition plates. Each compartment is heated or cooled with jets of hot or cold <span class="hlt">air</span>. The apparatus is suitable for organic materials melting in the range between 40 degrees and 180 degrees . The distribution of metal ion along the column after <span class="hlt">zone</span> melting of copper acetylacetonate in 2-methoxynaphthalene was a smooth curve. The plot of the position of maximum concentration, x(max), against the number of <span class="hlt">zone</span> passes, n, gave a relationship in accordance with theoretical prediction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5873458','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5873458"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> to assess potential generation of aerosolized viable bacteria during flow cytometric analysis of unfixed bacterial suspensions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Carson, Christine F; Inglis, Timothy JJ</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This study investigated aerosolized viable bacteria in a university research laboratory during operation of an acoustic-assisted flow cytometer for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by <span class="hlt">sampling</span> room <span class="hlt">air</span> before, during and after flow cytometer use. The aim was to assess the risk associated with use of an acoustic-assisted flow cytometer analyzing unfixed bacterial suspensions. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> in a nearby clinical laboratory was conducted during the same period to provide context for the existing background of microorganisms that would be detected in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. The three species of bacteria undergoing analysis by flow cytometer in the research laboratory were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Burkholderia thailandensis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. None of these was detected from multiple 1000 L <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> acquired in the research laboratory environment. The main cultured bacteria in both locations were skin commensal and environmental bacteria, presumed to have been disturbed or dispersed in laboratory <span class="hlt">air</span> by personnel movements during routine laboratory activities. The concentrations of bacteria detected in research laboratory <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were reduced after interventional cleaning measures were introduced and were lower than those in the diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratory. We conclude that our flow cytometric analyses of unfixed suspensions of K. pneumoniae, B. thailandensis and S. pneumoniae do not pose a risk to cytometer operators or other personnel in the laboratory but caution against extrapolation of our results to other bacteria and/or different flow cytometric experimental procedures. PMID:29608197</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AtmEn.120..427J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AtmEn.120..427J"><span>Day and night variation in chemical composition and toxicological responses of size segregated urban <span class="hlt">air</span> PM <span class="hlt">samples</span> in a high <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution situation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jalava, P. I.; Wang, Q.; Kuuspalo, K.; Ruusunen, J.; Hao, L.; Fang, D.; Väisänen, O.; Ruuskanen, A.; Sippula, O.; Happo, M. S.; Uski, O.; Kasurinen, S.; Torvela, T.; Koponen, H.; Lehtinen, K. E. J.; Komppula, M.; Gu, C.; Jokiniemi, J.; Hirvonen, M.-R.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Urban <span class="hlt">air</span> particulate pollution is a known cause for adverse human health effects worldwide. China has encountered <span class="hlt">air</span> quality problems in recent years due to rapid industrialization. Toxicological effects induced by particulate <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution vary with particle sizes and season. However, it is not known how distinctively different photochemical activity and different emission sources during the day and the night affect the chemical composition of the PM size ranges and subsequently how it is reflected to the toxicological properties of the PM exposures. The particulate matter (PM) <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected in four different size ranges (PM10-2.5; PM2.5-1; PM1-0.2 and PM0.2) with a high volume cascade impactor. The PM <span class="hlt">samples</span> were extracted with methanol, dried and thereafter used in the chemical and toxicological analyses. RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to the particulate <span class="hlt">samples</span> in four different doses for 24 h. Cytotoxicity, inflammatory parameters, cell cycle and genotoxicity were measured after exposure of the cells to particulate <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Particles were characterized for their chemical composition, including ions, element and PAH compounds, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to take images of the PM <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Chemical composition and the induced toxicological responses of the size segregated PM <span class="hlt">samples</span> showed considerable size dependent differences as well as day to night variation. The PM10-2.5 and the PM0.2 <span class="hlt">samples</span> had the highest inflammatory potency among the size ranges. Instead, almost all the PM <span class="hlt">samples</span> were equally cytotoxic and only minor differences were seen in genotoxicity and cell cycle effects. Overall, the PM0.2 <span class="hlt">samples</span> had the highest toxic potential among the different size ranges in many parameters. PAH compounds in the <span class="hlt">samples</span> and were generally more abundant during the night than the day, indicating possible photo-oxidation of the PAH compounds due to solar radiation. This was reflected to different toxicity in the PM</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26674739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26674739"><span>Methods for flexible <span class="hlt">sample</span>-size design in clinical trials: Likelihood, weighted, dual test, and promising <span class="hlt">zone</span> approaches.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shih, Weichung Joe; Li, Gang; Wang, Yining</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sample</span> size plays a crucial role in clinical trials. Flexible <span class="hlt">sample</span>-size designs, as part of the more general category of adaptive designs that utilize interim data, have been a popular topic in recent years. In this paper, we give a comparative review of four related methods for such a design. The likelihood method uses the likelihood ratio test with an adjusted critical value. The weighted method adjusts the test statistic with given weights rather than the critical value. The dual test method requires both the likelihood ratio statistic and the weighted statistic to be greater than the unadjusted critical value. The promising <span class="hlt">zone</span> approach uses the likelihood ratio statistic with the unadjusted value and other constraints. All four methods preserve the type-I error rate. In this paper we explore their properties and compare their relationships and merits. We show that the <span class="hlt">sample</span> size rules for the dual test are in conflict with the rules of the promising <span class="hlt">zone</span> approach. We delineate what is necessary to specify in the study protocol to ensure the validity of the statistical procedure and what can be kept implicit in the protocol so that more flexibility can be attained for confirmatory phase III trials in meeting regulatory requirements. We also prove that under mild conditions, the likelihood ratio test still preserves the type-I error rate when the actual <span class="hlt">sample</span> size is larger than the re-calculated one. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10175023','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10175023"><span>QA/QC requirements for physical properties <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Innis, B.E.</p> <p>1993-07-21</p> <p>This report presents results of an assessment of the available information concerning US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) requirements and guidance applicable to <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, handling, and analyzing physical parameter <span class="hlt">samples</span> at Comprehensive Environmental Restoration, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) investigation sites. Geotechnical testing laboratories measure the following physical properties of soil and sediment <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected during CERCLA remedial investigations (RI) at the Hanford Site: moisture content, grain size by sieve, grain size by hydrometer, specific gravity, bulk density/porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture retention, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and permeability of rocks by flowing <span class="hlt">air</span>. Geotechnical testing laboratories alsomore » measure the following chemical parameters of soil and sediment <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected during Hanford Site CERCLA RI: calcium carbonate and saturated column leach testing. Physical parameter data are used for (1) characterization of vadose and saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> geology and hydrogeology, (2) selection of monitoring well screen sizes, (3) to support modeling and analysis of the vadose and saturated <span class="hlt">zones</span>, and (4) for engineering design. The objectives of this report are to determine the QA/QC levels accepted in the EPA Region 10 for the <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, handling, and analysis of soil <span class="hlt">samples</span> for physical parameters during CERCLA RI.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.184...88M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeCoA.184...88M"><span>Carbon dioxide, ground <span class="hlt">air</span> and carbon cycling in Gibraltar karst</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mattey, D. P.; Atkinson, T. C.; Barker, J. A.; Fisher, R.; Latin, J.-P.; Durrell, R.; Ainsworth, M.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>We put forward a general conceptual model of CO2 behaviour in the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> of karst aquifers, based on physical principles of <span class="hlt">air</span> flow through porous media and caves, combined with a geochemical interpretation of cave monitoring data. This 'Gibraltar model' links fluxes of water, <span class="hlt">air</span> and carbon through the soil with the porosity of the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>, the circulation of ground <span class="hlt">air</span> and the ventilation of caves. Gibraltar hosts many natural caves whose locations span the full length and vertical range of the Rock. We report results of an 8-year monitoring study of carbon in soil organic matter and bedrock carbonate, dissolved inorganic carbon in vadose waters, and gaseous CO2 in soil, cave and ground <span class="hlt">air</span>. Results show that the regime of cave <span class="hlt">air</span> CO2 results from the interaction of cave ventilation with a reservoir of CO2-enriched ground <span class="hlt">air</span> held within the smaller voids of the bedrock. The pCO2 of ground <span class="hlt">air</span>, and of vadose waters that have been in close contact with it, are determined by multiple factors that include recharge patterns, vegetation productivity and root respiration, and conversion of organic matter to CO2 within the soil, the epikarst and the whole vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Mathematical modelling and field observations show that ground <span class="hlt">air</span> is subject to a density-driven circulation that reverses seasonally, as the difference between surface and underground temperatures reverses in sign. The Gibraltar model suggests that cave <span class="hlt">air</span> pCO2 is not directly related to CO2 generated in the soil or the epikarstic <span class="hlt">zone</span>, as is often assumed. Ground <span class="hlt">air</span> CO2 formed by the decay of organic matter (OM) washed down into the deeper unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> is an important additional source of pCO2. In Gibraltar the addition of OM-derived CO2 is the dominant control on the pCO2 of ground <span class="hlt">air</span> and the Ca-hardness of waters within the deep vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The seasonal regime of CO2 in cave <span class="hlt">air</span> depends on the position of a cave in relation to the density-driven ground <span class="hlt">air</span> circulation pattern which</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED065316.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED065316.pdf"><span>Marine Technician's Handbook, Instructions for Taking <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Samples</span> on Board Ship: Carbon Dioxide Project.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Keeling, Charles D.</p> <p></p> <p>This booklet is one of a series intended to provide explicit instructions for the collection of oceanographic data and <span class="hlt">samples</span> at sea. The methods and procedures described have been used by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and found reliable and up-to-date. Instructions are given for taking <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> on board ship to determine the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A41F2353B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A41F2353B"><span>Active <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core <span class="hlt">Sampling</span>: Constraining Point Sources of Methane and Other Gases with Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bent, J. D.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.; Newberger, T.; Higgs, J. A.; Wolter, S.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Accurate estimates of point source gas emissions are essential for reconciling top-down and bottom-up greenhouse gas measurements, but <span class="hlt">sampling</span> such sources is challenging. Remote sensing methods are limited by resolution and cloud cover; aircraft methods are limited by <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic control clearances, and the need to properly determine boundary layer height. A new <span class="hlt">sampling</span> approach leverages the ability of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to measure all the way to the surface near the source of emissions, improving <span class="hlt">sample</span> resolution, and reducing the need to characterize a wide downstream swath, or measure to the full height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The "Active-<span class="hlt">Air</span>Core" sampler, currently under development, will fly on a fixed wing UAS in Class G airspace, spiraling from the surface to 1200 ft AGL around point sources such as leaking oil wells to measure methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The sampler collects a 100-meter long <span class="hlt">sample</span> "core" of <span class="hlt">air</span> in an 1/8" passivated stainless steel tube. This "core" is run on a high-precision instrument shortly after the UAS is recovered. <span class="hlt">Sample</span> values are mapped to a specific geographic location by cross-referencing GPS and flow/pressure metadata, and fluxes are quantified by applying Gauss's theorem to the data, mapped onto the spatial "cylinder" circumscribed by the UAS. The <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core-Active builds off the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> ability and analytical approach of the related <span class="hlt">Air</span>Core sampler, which profiles the atmosphere passively using a balloon launch platform, but will add an active pumping capability needed for near-surface horizontal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> applications. Here, we show design elements, laboratory and field test results for methane, describe the overall goals of the mission, and discuss how the platform can be adapted, with minimal effort, to measure other gas species.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JEMat.tmp.2658J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JEMat.tmp.2658J"><span>Thermal Stability of <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Melting p-Type (Bi, Sb)2Te3 Ingots and Comparison with the Corresponding Powder Metallurgy <span class="hlt">Samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Chengpeng; Fan, Xi'an; Hu, Jie; Feng, Bo; Xiang, Qiusheng; Li, Guangqiang; Li, Yawei; He, Zhu</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>During the past few decades, Bi2Te3-based alloys have been investigated extensively because of their promising application in the area of low temperature waste heat thermoelectric power generation. However, their thermal stability must be evaluated to explore the appropriate service temperature. In this work, the thermal stability of <span class="hlt">zone</span> melting p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3-based ingots was investigated under different annealing treatment conditions. The effect of service temperature on the thermoelectric properties and hardness of the <span class="hlt">samples</span> was also discussed in detail. The results showed that the grain size, density, dimension size and mass remained nearly unchanged when the service temperature was below 523 K, which suggested that the geometry size of <span class="hlt">zone</span> melting p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3-based materials was stable below 523 K. The power factor and Vickers hardness of the ingots also changed little and maintained good thermal stability. Unfortunately, the thermal conductivity increased with increasing annealing temperature, which resulted in an obvious decrease of the zT value. In addition, the thermal stabilities of the <span class="hlt">zone</span> melting p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3-based materials and the corresponding powder metallurgy <span class="hlt">samples</span> were also compared. All evidence implied that the thermal stabilities of the <span class="hlt">zone</span>-melted (ZMed) p-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3 ingots in terms of crystal structure, geometry size, power factor (PF) and hardness were better than those of the corresponding powder metallurgy <span class="hlt">samples</span>. However, their thermal stabilities in terms of zT values were similar under different annealing temperatures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18355832','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18355832"><span><span class="hlt">Sampling</span>, storage, and analysis of C2-C7 non-methane hydrocarbons from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Network glass flasks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pollmann, Jan; Helmig, Detlev; Hueber, Jacques; Plass-Dülmer, Christian; Tans, Pieter</p> <p>2008-04-25</p> <p>An analytical technique was developed to analyze light non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), including ethane, propane, iso-butane, n-butane, iso-pentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, isoprene, benzene and toluene from whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in 2.5l-glass flasks used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division (NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO, USA) Cooperative <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Network. This method relies on utilizing the remaining <span class="hlt">air</span> in these flasks (which is at below-ambient pressure at this stage) after the completion of all routine greenhouse gas measurements from these <span class="hlt">samples</span>. NMHC in <span class="hlt">sample</span> aliquots extracted from the flasks were preconcentrated with a custom-made, cryogen-free inlet system and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID). C2-C7 NMHC, depending on their ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> mixing ratios, could be measured with accuracy and repeatability errors of generally < or =10-20%. Larger deviations were found for ethene and propene. Hexane was systematically overestimated due to a chromatographic co-elution problem. Saturated NMHC showed less than 5% changes in their mixing ratios in glass flask <span class="hlt">samples</span> that were stored for up to 1 year. In the same experiment ethene and propene increased at approximately 30% yr(-1). A series of blank experiments showed negligible contamination from the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> process and from storage (<10 pptv yr(-1)) of <span class="hlt">samples</span> in these glass flasks. Results from flask NMHC analyses were compared to in-situ NMHC measurements at the Global Atmospheric Watch station in Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. This 9-months side-by-side comparison showed good agreement between both methods. More than 94% of all data comparisons for C2-C5 alkanes, isoprene, benzene and toluene fell within the combined accuracy and precision objectives of the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) for NMHC measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AtmEn..42.6869A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AtmEn..42.6869A"><span>Irreversible sorption of trace concentrations of perfluorocarboxylic acids to fiber filters used for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arp, Hans Peter H.; Goss, Kai-Uwe</p> <p></p> <p>Due to the apparent environmental omnipresence of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFAs), an increasing number of researchers are investigating their ambient particle- and gas-phase concentrations. Typically this is done using a high-volume <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler equipped with Quartz Fiber Filters (QFFs) or Glass Fiber Filters (GFFs) to <span class="hlt">sample</span> the particle-bound PFAs and downstream sorbents to <span class="hlt">sample</span> the gas-phase PFAs. This study reports that at trace, ambient concentrations gas-phase PFAs sorb to QFFs and GFFs irreversibly and hardly pass through these filters to the downstream sorbents. As a consequence, it is not possible to distinguish between particle- and gas-phase concentrations, or to distinguish concentrations on different particle size fractions, unless precautions are taken. Failure to take such precautions could have already caused reported data to be misinterpreted. Here it is also reported that deactivating QFFs and GFFs with a silylating agent renders them suitable for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> PFAs. Based on the presented study, a series of recommendations for <span class="hlt">air-sampling</span> PFAs are provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27792474','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27792474"><span>Comparison of coarse coal dust <span class="hlt">sampling</span> techniques in a laboratory-simulated longwall section.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Patts, Justin R; Barone, Teresa L</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Airborne coal dust generated during mining can deposit and accumulate on mine surfaces, presenting a dust explosion hazard. When assessing dust hazard mitigation strategies for airborne dust reduction, <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is done in high-velocity ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span>, which is used to purge the mining face and gallery tunnel. In this environment, the sampler inlet velocity should be matched to the <span class="hlt">air</span> stream velocity (isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampling</span>) to prevent oversampling of coarse dust at low sampler-to-<span class="hlt">air</span> velocity ratios. Low velocity ratios are often encountered when using low flow rate, personal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pumps commonly used in underground mines. In this study, with a goal of employing mine-ready equipment, a personal sampler was adapted for area <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of coarse coal dust in high-velocity ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span>. This was done by adapting an isokinetic nozzle to the inlet of an Institute of Occupational Medicine (Edinburgh, Scotland) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> cassette (IOM). Collected dust masses were compared for the modified IOM isokinetic sampler (IOM-MOD), the IOM without the isokinetic nozzle, and a conventional dust <span class="hlt">sampling</span> cassette without the cyclone on the inlet. All samplers were operated at a flow rate typical of personal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pumps: 2 L/min. To ensure differences between collected masses that could be attributed to sampler design and were not influenced by artifacts from dust concentration gradients, relatively uniform and repeatable dust concentrations were demonstrated in the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> <span class="hlt">zone</span> of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health experimental mine gallery. Consistent with isokinetic theory, greater differences between isokinetic and non-isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampled</span> masses were found for larger dust volume-size distributions and higher ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span> velocities. Since isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is conventionally used to determine total dust concentration, and isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> made a difference in collected masses, the results suggest when <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for coarse coal dust the IOM-MOD may</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26491105','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26491105"><span>Comparison of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Impaction and Electrostatic Dust Collector <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Methods to Assess Airborne Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Normand, Anne-Cécile; Ranque, Stéphane; Cassagne, Carole; Gaudart, Jean; Sallah, Kankoé; Charpin, Denis-André; Piarroux, Renaud</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Many ailments can be linked to exposure to indoor airborne fungus. However, obtaining a precise measurement of airborne fungal levels is complicated partly due to indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> fluctuations and non-standardized techniques. Electrostatic dust collector (EDC) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices have been used to measure a wide range of airborne analytes, including endotoxins, allergens, β-glucans, and microbial DNA in various indoor environments. In contrast, viable mold contamination has only been assessed in highly contaminated environments such as farms and archive buildings. This study aimed to assess the use of EDCs, compared with repeated <span class="hlt">air</span>-impactor measurements, to assess airborne viable fungal flora in moderately contaminated indoor environments. Indoor airborne fungal flora was cultured from EDCs and daily <span class="hlt">air</span>-impaction <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in an office building and a daycare center. The quantitative fungal measurements obtained using a single EDC significantly correlated with the cumulative measurement of nine daily <span class="hlt">air</span> impactions. Both methods enabled the assessment of fungal exposure, although a few differences were observed between the detected fungal species and the relative quantity of each species. EDCs were also used over a 32-month period to monitor indoor airborne fungal flora in a hospital office building, which enabled us to assess the impact of outdoor events (e.g. ground excavations) on the fungal flora levels on the indoor environment. In conclusion, EDC-based measurements provided a relatively accurate profile of the viable airborne flora present during a <span class="hlt">sampling</span> period. In particular, EDCs provided a more representative assessment of fungal levels compared with single <span class="hlt">air</span>-impactor <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. The EDC technique is also simpler than performing repetitive <span class="hlt">air</span>-impaction measures over the course of several consecutive days. EDC is a versatile tool for collecting airborne <span class="hlt">samples</span> and was efficient for measuring mold levels in indoor environments. © The Author 2015</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389357','SCIGOV-DOEDE'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389357"><span>Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the Main Geophysical Observatory <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Network (1983 - 1993)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/dataexplorer">DOE Data Explorer</a></p> <p>Brounshtein, A. M. [Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia; Shaskov, A. A. [Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia; Paramonova, N. N. [Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia; Privalov, V. I. [Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia; Starodubtsev, Y. A. [Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected from five sites in the Main Geophysical Observatory <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> network to monitor the atmospheric CO2 from 1983 - 1993. Airwas collected generally four times per month in pairs of 1.5-L stainless steel electropolished flasks with one greaseless stainless steel stopcock. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> was performed by opening the stopcock of the flasks, which have been evacuated at the central laboratory at the Main Geophysical Observatory (MGO). The <span class="hlt">air</span> was not dried during <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection. Attempts were made to obtain <span class="hlt">samples</span> when the wind speed was >5 m/s and the wind direction corresponded to the predetermined "clean <span class="hlt">air</span>" sector. The period of record at Bering Island is too short to identify any long-term trends in atmospheric CO2 concentrations; however, the yearly mean atmospheric CO2 concentration at Bering Island rose from approximately 346 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1986 to 362.6 ppmv in 1993. Measurements from this station are considered indicative of maritime <span class="hlt">air</span> masses. The period of record at Kotelny Island is too short to identify any long-term trends in atmospheric CO2 concentrations; however, the yearly mean atmospheric CO2 concentration at Kotelny Island rose from 356.08 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1988 to 358.8 ppmv in 1993. Because Kotelny Island is the northernmost Russian <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site, measurements from this site serve as a useful comparison to other northern sites (e.g., Alert, Northwest Territories). In late 1989, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> began at the Russian site of Kyzylcha, located in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Unfortunately, the desert site at Kyzylcha has been out of operation since mid-1991 due to financial difficulties in Russia. The annual mean value of 359.02 parts per million by volume (ppmv) for 1990, the lone full year of operation, is higher than measurements from other monitoring programs at this latitude [e.g., Niwot Ridge (354.7 ppmv in 1990) and Tae-ahn Peninsula]. Station "C," an open ocean site, in the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26233735','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26233735"><span>Formaldehyde exposure in gross anatomy laboratory of Suranaree University of Technology: a comparison of area and personal <span class="hlt">sampling</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saowakon, Naruwan; Ngernsoungnern, Piyada; Watcharavitoon, Pornpun; Ngernsoungnern, Apichart; Kosanlavit, Rachain</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Cadavers are usually preserved by embalming solution which is composed of formaldehyde (FA), phenol, and glycerol. Therefore, medical students and instructors have a higher risk of exposure to FA inhalation from cadavers during dissection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the FA exposure in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> and breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> of medical students and instructors during dissection classes in order to investigate the relationship between them. The indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> and personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> were collected three times during anatomy dissection classes (in January, August, and October of 2014) with sorbent tubes, which were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The <span class="hlt">air</span> cleaner machines were determined by weight measurement. Pulmonary function tests and irritation effects were also investigated. The mean of FA concentrations ranged from 0.117 to 0.415 ppm in the indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> and from 0.126 to 1.176 ppm in the breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> of students and instructors. All the personal exposure data obtained exceeded the threshold limit of NIOSH and WHO agencies. The <span class="hlt">air</span> cleaner machines were not significant difference. The pulmonary function of instructors showed a decrease during attention of classes and statistically significant decreasing in the instructors more than those of the students. Clinical symptoms that were observed in nose and eyes were irritations with general fatigue. We suggested that the modified exhaust ventilation and a locally ventilated dissection work table were considered for reducing FA levels in the gross anatomy dissection room.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=337378&Lab=NERL&keyword=cost+AND+benefit+AND+public&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=337378&Lab=NERL&keyword=cost+AND+benefit+AND+public&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Comparison of Passive and Active <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> (PAAS) Methods for PCBs – A Pilot Study in New York City Schools</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>PCBs were used extensively in school building materials (caulk and lighting fixture ballasts) during the approximate period of 1950-1978. Most of the schools built nationwide during this period have not had indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> conducted for PCBs. Passive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> holds promi...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740062566&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740062566&hterms=air+contamination&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dair%2Bcontamination"><span>Mathematical estimation of the level of microbial contamination on spacecraft surfaces by volumetric <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Oxborrow, G. S.; Roark, A. L.; Fields, N. D.; Puleo, J. R.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>Microbiological <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods presently used for enumeration of microorganisms on spacecraft surfaces require contact with easily damaged components. Estimation of viable particles on surfaces using <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods in conjunction with a mathematical model would be desirable. Parameters necessary for the mathematical model are the effect of angled surfaces on viable particle collection and the number of viable cells per viable particle. Deposition of viable particles on angled surfaces closely followed a cosine function, and the number of viable cells per viable particle was consistent with a Poisson distribution. Other parameters considered by the mathematical model included deposition rate and fractional removal per unit time. A close nonlinear correlation between volumetric <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and airborne fallout on surfaces was established with all fallout data points falling within the 95% confidence limits as determined by the mathematical model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15298207','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15298207"><span>Potential contamination of shipboard <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by diffusive emissions of PCBs and other organic pollutants: implications and solutions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lohmann, Rainer; Jaward, Foday M; Durham, Louise; Barber, Jonathan L; Ockenden, Wendy; Jones, Kevin C; Bruhn, Regina; Lakaschus, Soenke; Dachs, Jordi; Booij, Kees</p> <p>2004-07-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken onboard the RRS Bransfield on an Atlantic cruise from the United Kingdom to Halley, Antarctica, from October to December 1998, with the aim of establishing PCB oceanic background <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations and assessing their latitudinal distribution. Great care was taken to minimize pre- and post-collection contamination of the <span class="hlt">samples</span>, which was validated through stringent QA/QC procedures. However, there is evidence that onboard contamination of the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> occurred,following insidious, diffusive emissions on the ship. Other data (for PCBs and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs)) and examples of shipboard contamination are presented. The implications of these findings for past and future studies of global POPs distribution are discussed. Recommendations are made to help critically appraise and minimize the problems of insidious/diffusive shipboard contamination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=323230&keyword=sensors&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=323230&keyword=sensors&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Development of a wireless <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution sensor package for aerial-<span class="hlt">sampling</span> of emissions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>A new sensor system for mobile and aerial emission <span class="hlt">sampling</span> was developed for open area pollutant sources, such as prescribed forest burns. The sensor system, termed “Kolibri”, consists of multiple low-cost <span class="hlt">air</span> quality sensors measuring CO2, CO, samplers for particulate matter wi...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17723526','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17723526"><span>Evaluation of solid sorbents for the determination of fenhexamid, metalaxyl-M, pyrimethanil, malathion and myclobutanil residues in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>: application to monitoring malathion and fenhexamid dissipation in greenhouse <span class="hlt">air</span> using C-18 or Supelpak-2 for <span class="hlt">sampling</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsiropoulos, Nikolaos G; Bakeas, Evangelos B; Raptis, Vasilios; Batistatou, Stavroula S</p> <p>2006-07-28</p> <p>A methodology is described for greenhouse <span class="hlt">air</span> analysis by <span class="hlt">sampling</span> fenhexamid, pyrimethanil, malathion, metalaxyl-M and myclobutanil in solid sorbents. Pesticides were determined by gas chromatography with NP Detector. The trapping efficiency of XAD-2, XAD-4, Supelpak-2, Florisil and C-18 at different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> conditions (rate, time and <span class="hlt">air</span> humidity) and pesticides concentration levels has been evaluated. No breakthrough was observed in the range of concentration studied (0.10-75 microg of each pesticide). In almost all the cases good stability results were obtained. Personal pumps have been used with selected sorbents (Supelpak-2 and C-18) in order to <span class="hlt">sample</span> malathion and fenhexamid in <span class="hlt">air</span> of experimental greenhouse after their application in a tomato crop. The dissipation process of the analytes in various time periods after application has been studied. Malathion concentrations varied between 20.1 microg m(-3) just after application and 1.06 microg m(-3) 3 days later. Fenhexamid concentrations, determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, fall rapidly; after 12 h post-application being below 0.50 microg m(-3).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1394442','SCIGOV-DOEDE'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1394442"><span>Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Mixing Ratios from the NOAA CMDL Carbon Cycle Cooperative Global <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Network (2009)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/dataexplorer">DOE Data Explorer</a></p> <p>Conway, Thomas [NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, CO (USA); Tans, Pieter [NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, CO (USA)</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA/CMDL) has measured CO2 in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected weekly at a global network of sites since the late 1960s. Atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios reported in these files were measured by a nondispersive infrared absorption technique in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in glass flasks. All CMDL flask <span class="hlt">samples</span> are measured relative to standards traceable to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) CO2 mole fraction scale. These measurements constitute the most geographically extensive, carefully calibrated, internally consistent atmospheric CO2 data set available and are essential for studies aimed at better understanding the global carbon cycle budget.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998591','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998591"><span>Concentration and characteristics of depleted uranium in water, <span class="hlt">air</span> and biological <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in Serbia and Montenegro.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jia, Guogang; Belli, Maria; Sansone, Umberto; Rosamilia, Silvia; Gaudino, Stefania</p> <p>2005-09-01</p> <p>During the Balkan conflicts, in 1995 and 1999, depleted uranium (DU) rounds were employed and were left in the battlefield. Health concern is related to the risk arising from contamination of the environment with DU penetrators and dust. In order to evaluate the impact of DU on the environment and population in Serbia and Montenegro, radiological surveys of DU in water, <span class="hlt">air</span> and biological <span class="hlt">samples</span> were carried out over the period 27 October-5 November 2001. The uranium isotopic concentrations in biological <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in Serbia and Montenegro, mainly lichens and barks, were found to be in the range of 0.67-704 Bqkg(-1) for (238)U, 0.48-93.9 Bqkg(-1) for (234)U and 0.02-12.2 Bqkg(-1) for (235)U, showing uranium levels to be higher than in the <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected at the control sites. Moreover, (236)U was detectable in some of the <span class="hlt">samples</span>. The isotopic ratios of (234)U/(238)U showed DU to be detectable in many biological <span class="hlt">samples</span> at all examined sites, especially in Montenegro, indicating widespread ground-surface DU contamination, albeit at very low level. The uranium isotopic concentrations in <span class="hlt">air</span> obtained from the <span class="hlt">air</span> filter <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in Serbia and Montenegro were found to be in the range of 1.99-42.1 microBqm(-3) for (238)U, 0.96-38.0 microBqm(-3) for (234)U, and 0.05-1.83 microBqm(-3) for (235)U, being in the typical range of natural uranium values. Thus said, most of the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> are DU positive, this fact agreeing well with the widespread DU contamination detected in the biological <span class="hlt">samples</span>. The uranium concentrations in water <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in Serbia and Montenegro were found to be in the range of 0.40-21.9 mBql(-1) for (238)U, 0.27-28.1 mBql(-1) for (234)U, and 0.01-0.88 mBql(-1) for (235)U, these values being much lower than those in mineral water found in central Italy and below the WHO guideline for drinking water. From a radiotoxicological point of view, at this moment there is no significant radiological risk related to these investigated</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/797556','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/797556"><span>Data Quality Objectives for Regulatory Requirements for Hazardous and Radioactive <span class="hlt">Air</span> Emissions <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>MULKEY, C.H.</p> <p>1999-07-06</p> <p>This document describes the results of the data quality objective (DQO) process undertaken to define data needs for state and federal requirements associated with toxic, hazardous, and/or radiological <span class="hlt">air</span> emissions under the jurisdiction of the River Protection Project (RPP). Hereafter, this document is referred to as the <span class="hlt">Air</span> DQO. The primary drivers for characterization under this DQO are the regulatory requirements pursuant to Washington State regulations, that may require <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analysis. The federal regulations concerning <span class="hlt">air</span> emissions are incorporated into the Washington State regulations. Data needs exist for nonradioactive and radioactive waste constituents and characteristics as identified through themore » DQO process described in this document. The purpose is to identify current data needs for complying with regulatory drivers for the measurement of <span class="hlt">air</span> emissions from RPP facilities in support of <span class="hlt">air</span> permitting. These drivers include best management practices; similar analyses may have more than one regulatory driver. This document should not be used for determining overall compliance with regulations because the regulations are in constant change, and this document may not reflect the latest regulatory requirements. Regulatory requirements are also expected to change as various permits are issued. Data needs require <span class="hlt">samples</span> for both radionuclides and nonradionuclide analytes of <span class="hlt">air</span> emissions from tanks and stored waste containers. The collection of data is to support environmental permitting and compliance, not for health and safety issues. This document does not address health or safety regulations or requirements (those of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration or the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) or continuous emission monitoring systems. This DQO is applicable to all equipment, facilities, and operations under the jurisdiction of RPP that emit or have the potential to emit regulated <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1811494M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1811494M"><span>Exposure of children to <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution in the industrial <span class="hlt">zone</span> of Metropolitan Area of Mexico City</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta; Quintanilla-Vega, Betsabé; De Vizcaya-Ruiz, Andrea; Alvarado-Cruz, Isabel</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">air</span> quality monitoring in three schools located in the most important industrial <span class="hlt">zone</span> at the Northeast of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (MAMC) was conducted in order to determine the exposure of children to toxics contained in PM10. Particles were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), organic and elemental carbon by ICP-AES, GC-MS and TOT (Sunset lab) respectively. Average concentration of PM10 was 108.4±11.6 μg/m3. Most abundant metals were Fe, Zn and Pb with concentrations ranged by 1.1-5.4 μg/m3, 0.3-2 μg/m3, and 0.18-0.63 μg/m3 respectively; the sum of the seventeen PAHs varied from 1.4 to 3.3 ng/m3 where most abundant PAH were indene[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene. The sum of the seven carcinogenic PAH contributed in average with the 48% of the total mixture. Carcinogenic potential of PAH were obtained using toxic equivalent factors determined by Nisbet and La Goy which varied from 0.3 to 0.6 ng/ m3 of benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BAPeq), this value is lower than the standard proposed for the European Community of 1 ng/ m3, but higher than the standard from the United Kingdom of 0.25 ng/ m3. Principal component analysis for source apportionment showed that vehicular and industrial emissions are the main sources of PM in the <span class="hlt">zone</span>. In general, the concentrations of particles as well as concentration of metals and PAHs are lower than concentrations measured six year before, showing that the established measures have improved the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. Nevertheless these PM10 concentrations exceeded frequently the Mexican Standard and children are especially susceptible due to the higher risk to develop diseases if the exposure occurs at early age.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704954','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704954"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging and vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> aeration for remediation of iron and manganese-impacted groundwater at a closed municipal landfill.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pleasant, Saraya; O'Donnell, Amanda; Powell, Jon; Jain, Pradeep; Townsend, Timothy</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>High concentrations of iron (Fe(II)) and manganese (Mn(II)) reductively dissolved from soil minerals have been detected in groundwater monitoring wells near many municipal solid waste landfills. <span class="hlt">Air</span> sparging and vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> aeration (VZA) were evaluated as remedial approaches at a closed, unlined municipal solid waste landfill in Florida, USA. The goal of aeration was to oxidize Fe and Mn to their respective immobile forms. VZA and shallow <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging using a partially submerged well screen were employed with limited success (Phase 1); decreases in dissolved iron were observed in three of nine monitoring wells during shallow <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging and in two of 17 wells at VZA locations. During Phase 2, where deeper <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging was employed, dissolved iron levels decreased in a significantly greater number of monitoring wells surrounding injection points, however no radial pattern was observed. Additionally, in wells affected positively by <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging (mean total iron (FeTOT) <4.2mg/L, after commencement of <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging), rising manganese concentrations were observed, indicating that the redox potential of the groundwater moved from an iron-reducing to a manganese-reducing environment. The mean FeTOT concentration observed in affected monitoring wells throughout the study was 1.40 mg/L compared to a background of 15.38 mg/L, while the mean Mn concentration was 0.60 mg/L compared to a background level of 0.27 mg/L. Reference wells located beyond the influence of <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging areas showed little variation in FeTOT and Mn, indicating the observed effects were the result of <span class="hlt">air</span> injection activities at study locations and not a natural phenomenon. <span class="hlt">Air</span> sparging was found effective in intercepting plumes of dissolved Fe surrounding municipal landfills, but the effect on dissolved Mn was contrary to the desired outcome of decreased Mn groundwater concentrations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080008474','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080008474"><span>3D <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality and the Clean <span class="hlt">Air</span> Interstate Rule: Lagrangian <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> of CMAQ Model Results to Aid Regional Accountability Metrics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fairlie, T. D.; Szykman, Jim; Pierce, Robert B.; Gilliland, A. B.; Engel-Cox, Jill; Weber, Stephanie; Kittaka, Chieko; Al-Saadi, Jassim A.; Scheffe, Rich; Dimmick, Fred; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20080008474'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20080008474_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20080008474_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20080008474_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20080008474_hide"></p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The Clean <span class="hlt">Air</span> Interstate Rule (CAIR) is expected to reduce transport of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants (e.g. fine sulfate particles) in nonattainment areas in the Eastern United States. CAIR highlights the need for an integrated <span class="hlt">air</span> quality observational and modeling system to understand sulfate as it moves in multiple dimensions, both spatially and temporally. Here, we demonstrate how results from an <span class="hlt">air</span> quality model can be combined with a 3d monitoring network to provide decision makers with a tool to help quantify the impact of CAIR reductions in SO2 emissions on regional transport contributions to sulfate concentrations at surface monitors in the Baltimore, MD area, and help improve decision making for strategic implementation plans (SIPs). We <span class="hlt">sample</span> results from the Community Multiscale <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality (CMAQ) model using ensemble back trajectories computed with the NASA Langley Research Center trajectory model to provide Lagrangian time series and vertical profile information, that can be compared with NASA satellite (MODIS), EPA surface, and lidar measurements. Results are used to assess the regional transport contribution to surface SO4 measurements in the Baltimore MSA, and to characterize the dominant source regions for low, medium, and high SO4 episodes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/717/pdf/ds717.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/717/pdf/ds717.pdf"><span>Data from a thick unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> in Joshua Tree, San Bernardino County, California, 2007--09</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Burgess, Matthew; Izbicki, John; Teague, Nicholas; O'Leary, David R.; Clark, Dennis; Land, Michael</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Data were collected on the physical properties of unsaturated alluvial deposits, the chemical composition of leachate extracted from unsaturated alluvial deposits, the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater and unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> water, and the chemical composition of unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> gas at four monitoring sites in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert in the town of Joshua Tree, San Bernardino County, California. The presence of denitrifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria from unsaturated alluvial deposits was evaluated for two of these monitoring sites that underlie unsewered residential development. Four unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> monitoring sites were installed in the Joshua Tree area—two in an unsewered residential development and two adjacent to a proposed artificial-recharge site in an undeveloped area. The two boreholes in residential development areas were installed by using the ODEX <span class="hlt">air</span>-hammer method. One borehole was drilled through the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> to a depth of 541 ft (feet) below land surface; a well screened across the water table was installed. Groundwater was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> from this well. The second borehole was drilled to a depth of 81 ft below land surface. Drilling procedures, lithologic and geophysical data, construction details, and instrumentation placed in these boreholes are described. Core material was analyzed for water content, bulk density, matric potential, particle size, and water retention. The leachate from over 500 subsamples of cores and cuttings was analyzed for soluble anions, including fluoride, sulfate, bromide, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate. Groundwater was analyzed for major ions, inorganic compounds, select trace elements, and isotopic composition. Unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> water from suction-cup lysimeters was analyzed for major ions, inorganic compounds, select trace elements, and isotopic composition. Unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> gas <span class="hlt">samples</span> were analyzed for argon, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, ethane</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23931240','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23931240"><span>Whole <span class="hlt">air</span> canister <span class="hlt">sampling</span> coupled with preconcentration GC/MS analysis of part-per-trillion levels of trimethylsilanol in semiconductor cleanroom <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Herrington, Jason S</p> <p>2013-08-20</p> <p>The costly damage airborne trimethylsilanol (TMS) exacts on optics in the semiconductor industry has resulted in the demand for accurate and reliable methods for measuring TMS at trace levels (i.e., parts per trillion, volume per volume of <span class="hlt">air</span> [ppt(v)] [~ng/m(3)]). In this study I developed a whole <span class="hlt">air</span> canister-based approach for field <span class="hlt">sampling</span> trimethylsilanol in <span class="hlt">air</span>, as well as a preconcentration gas chromatography/mass spectrometry laboratory method for analysis. The results demonstrate clean canister blanks (0.06 ppt(v) [0.24 ng/m(3)], which is below the detection limit), excellent linearity (a calibration relative response factor relative standard deviation [RSD] of 9.8%) over a wide dynamic mass range (1-100 ppt(v)), recovery/accuracy of 93%, a low selected ion monitoring method detection limit of 0.12 ppt(v) (0.48 ng/m(3)), replicate precision of 6.8% RSD, and stability (84% recovery) out to four days of storage at room temperature. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> collected at two silicon wafer fabrication facilities ranged from 10.0 to 9120 ppt(v) TMS and appear to be associated with the use of hexamethyldisilazane priming agent. This method will enable semiconductor cleanroom managers to monitor and control for trace levels of trimethylsilanol.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED41A0846M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMED41A0846M"><span>Environmental Assessment of the City of El Cerrito, CA: Creek, Trash and <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moore, A.; Ilan, A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The City of El Cerrito, CA is located within Western Contra Costa County and adjacent to the San Francisco Bay. Local land-uses that affect its overall public and environmental health include major freeways, railways, and commercial and industrial <span class="hlt">zones</span>. In an effort to assess the overall health of the local environment, students at Korematsu Middle School conducted a comprehensive analysis that included street litter auditing, water monitoring of Cerritos Creek and <span class="hlt">air</span> quality measurements made along local streets. In 2014 the City of El Cerrito adopted a long-term trash plan that included strategies for reducing trash loads of local stormwater sewer systems. This plan called for load reduction of 70% by July 1, 2017 and 100% by July 1, 2022. To evaluate the effectiveness of the trash plan, our team quantified and scored trash concentration levels at two locations—one in a residential neighborhood and the other in a commercial <span class="hlt">zone</span>. We also monitored water quality at nearby Cerritos Creek to investigate the impacts that each area's trash concentrations had on water quality. We also monitored particulate matter (PM) concentration levels in <span class="hlt">air</span> within these locations to determine whether or not differences exist between residential and commercial areas. Preliminary analysis of litter data suggests that the Long Term Trash Plan has thus far been effective in reducing concentrations of street litter along San Pablo Avenue, which is located within a major commercial <span class="hlt">zone</span>, but has been inadequate in reducing trash in nearby parks. Water quality results indicate that Cerritos Creek contains waters that are quite healthy with respect to Ammonia and Nitrate concentration levels (i.e., very low values for every <span class="hlt">sample</span> collected). However, elevated concentration levels of Phosphates were detected in every <span class="hlt">sample</span> collected. <span class="hlt">Air</span> quality data surprisingly revealed that extremely high PM concentration levels occur in <span class="hlt">air</span> surrounding a residential park in El Cerrito.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863422','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863422"><span>Fluid-bed <span class="hlt">air</span>-supply system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Atabay, Keramettin</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">air</span>-supply system for a fluidized-bed furnace includes two <span class="hlt">air</span> conduits for the same combustion <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The conduits feed separate sets of holes in a distributor plate through which fluidizing <span class="hlt">air</span> flows to reach the bed. During normal operation, only one conduit and set of holes is used, but the second conduit and set of holes is employed during start-up.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2837796','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2837796"><span>Free-Flow <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Electrophoresis of Peptides and Proteins in PDMS Microchip for Narrow pI Range <span class="hlt">Sample</span> Prefractionation Coupled with Mass Spectrometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Song, Yong-Ak; Chan, Michael; Celio, Chris; Tannenbaum, Steven R.; Wishnok, John S.; Han, Jongyoon</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, we are evaluating the strategy of sorting peptides / proteins based on the charge to mass without resorting to ampholytes and / or isoelectric focusing, using a single- and two-step free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis. We developed a simple fabrication method to create a salt bridge for free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis in PDMS chips by surface printing a hydrophobic layer on a glass substrate. Since the surface-printed hydrophobic layer prevents plasma bonding between the PDMS chip and the substrate, an electrical junction gap can be created for free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis. With this device, we demonstrated a separation of positive and negative peptides and proteins at a given pH in standard buffer systems, and validated the sorting result with LC/MS. Furthermore, we coupled two sorting steps via off-chip titration, and isolated peptides within specific pI ranges from <span class="hlt">sample</span> mixtures, where the pI range was simply set by the pH values of the buffer solutions. This free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis sorting device, with its simplicity of fabrication, and a sorting resolution of 0.5 pH unit, can potentially be a high-throughput <span class="hlt">sample</span> fractionation tool for targeted proteomics using LC/MS. PMID:20163146</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150007690','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150007690"><span>Estimating <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Biases and Measurement Uncertainties of <span class="hlt">AIRS</span>-AMSU-A Temperature and Water Vapor Observations Using MERRA Reanalysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hearty, Thomas J.; Savtchenko, Andrey K.; Tian, Baijun; Fetzer, Eric; Yung, Yuk L.; Theobald, Michael; Vollmer, Bruce; Fishbein, Evan; Won, Young-In</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We use MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research Applications) temperature and water vapor data to estimate the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases of climatologies derived from the <span class="hlt">AIRS</span>/AMSU-A (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A) suite of instruments. We separate the total <span class="hlt">sampling</span> bias into temporal and instrumental components. The temporal component is caused by the <span class="hlt">AIRS</span>/AMSU-A orbit and swath that are not able to <span class="hlt">sample</span> all of time and space. The instrumental component is caused by scenes that prevent successful retrievals. The temporal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases are generally smaller than the instrumental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases except in regions with large diurnal variations, such as the boundary layer, where the temporal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases of temperature can be +/- 2 K and water vapor can be 10% wet. The instrumental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases are the main contributor to the total <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases and are mainly caused by clouds. They are up to 2 K cold and greater than 30% dry over mid-latitude storm tracks and tropical deep convective cloudy regions and up to 20% wet over stratus regions. However, other factors such as surface emissivity and temperature can also influence the instrumental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> bias over deserts where the biases can be up to 1 K cold and 10% wet. Some instrumental <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases can vary seasonally and/or diurnally. We also estimate the combined measurement uncertainties of temperature and water vapor from <span class="hlt">AIRS</span>/AMSU-A and MERRA by comparing similarly <span class="hlt">sampled</span> climatologies from both data sets. The measurement differences are often larger than the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> biases and have longitudinal variations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76446&keyword=standard+AND+operating+AND+procedures&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76446&keyword=standard+AND+operating+AND+procedures&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>CTEPP STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTION OF FIXED SITE INDOOR AND OUTDOOR <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLES</span> FOR PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (SOP-2.12)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This SOP describes the procedures to set up, calibrate, initiate and terminate <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for persistent organic pollutants. This method is used to <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>, indoors and outdoors, at homes and at day care centers over a 48-hr period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297395','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297395"><span>Determination of ammonium in river water and sewage <span class="hlt">samples</span> by capillary <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis with direct UV detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fukushi, Keiichi; Ito, Hideyuki; Kimura, Kenichi; Yokota, Kuriko; Saito, Keiitsu; Chayama, Kenji; Takeda, Sahori; Wakida, Shin-ichi</p> <p>2006-02-17</p> <p>We developed capillary <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis (CZE) with direct UV detection for determination of ammonium in environmental water <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Ammonium in the <span class="hlt">samples</span> was partly converted into ammonia in the alkaline background electrolyte (BGE) during migration and was detected by molecular absorption of ammonia at 190 nm in approximately 7 min. The limit of detection (LOD) for ammonium was 0.24 mg/l (as nitrogen) at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. The respective values of the relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area, peak height, and migration time for ammonium were 2.1, 1.8, and 0.46%. Major alkali and alkaline earth metal ions coexisting in the <span class="hlt">samples</span> did not interfere with ammonium determination by the proposed method. The proposed method determined ammonium in surface water and sewage <span class="hlt">samples</span>. The results were compared to those obtained using ion chromatography (IC).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-590.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-590.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.590 - Atlantic Ocean off Cape Canaveral, Fla.; <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force missile testing area, Patrick <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>..., Fla.; <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force missile testing area, Patrick <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Fla. 334.590 Section 334.590 Navigation... RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.590 Atlantic Ocean off Cape Canaveral, Fla.; <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force missile testing area, Patrick <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Fla. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. An area in the Atlantic Ocean immediately offshore from...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA492279','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA492279"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Sparging Design Paradigm</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2002-08-12</p> <p>treatment <span class="hlt">zone</span> increases with increasing separation. It is important to ensure a good annular <span class="hlt">air</span> flow seal between the top of the screened interval and... seals are critical to successful <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging operation. In their absence, the injected <span class="hlt">air</span> will flow up along the well bore and the well will be...glass beads and model homogenous and heterogeneous subsurface hydrogeologic settings were simulated . The goal of the study was to observe how the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100039383','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100039383"><span>Soyuz 22 Return <span class="hlt">Samples</span>: Assessment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Aboard the International Space Station</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jams, John T.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Three mini-grab <span class="hlt">sample</span> containers (m-GSCs) were returned aboard Soyuz 22 because of concerns that new <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants were present in the <span class="hlt">air</span> and these were getting into the water recovery system. The Total Organic Carbon Analyzer had been giving increasing readings of total organic carbon (TOC) in the potable water, and it was postulated that an increased load into the system was responsible. The toxicological assessment of 3 m-GSCs from the ISS is shown in Table 1. The recoveries of the 3 standards (as listed above) from the GSCs averaged 103, 95 and 76%, respectively. Recovery from formaldehyde control badges were 90 and 91%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2014-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.345 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. (a) An <span class="hlt">air</span> lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous <span class="hlt">zone</span> on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each <span class="hlt">air</span> lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2012-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.345 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. (a) An <span class="hlt">air</span> lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous <span class="hlt">zone</span> on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each <span class="hlt">air</span> lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2013-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.345 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. (a) An <span class="hlt">air</span> lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous <span class="hlt">zone</span> on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each <span class="hlt">air</span> lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2011-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.345 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. (a) An <span class="hlt">air</span> lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous <span class="hlt">zone</span> on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each <span class="hlt">air</span> lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title46-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title46-vol5-sec154-345.pdf"><span>46 CFR 154.345 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 <span class="hlt">Air</span> locks. (a) An <span class="hlt">air</span> lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous <span class="hlt">zone</span> on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each <span class="hlt">air</span> lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505821','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505821"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in and around a steel industry with direct reduction iron route.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jena, Pradip K; Behera, Dillip K; Mishra, C S K; Mohanty, Saswat K</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>The coal based Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) route for secondary steel production is now a preferred choice in India. Steel making is invariably associated with emission of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants into the environment. <span class="hlt">Air</span> quality monitoring was carried out in Winter, Summer and Rainy seasons of 2008 in eight monitoring stations in the work <span class="hlt">zone</span> and five stations in the residential <span class="hlt">zone</span> of an Integrated Steel Industry located in Orissa state, India. Four <span class="hlt">air</span> quality parameters i.e. SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NO2 were monitored. Mean SPM and RSPM values were found to be significantly high (p < 0.01) at stations nearer to source in both work <span class="hlt">zone</span> and residential <span class="hlt">zone</span> .The highest average SPM and RSPM values in the work <span class="hlt">zone</span> recorded were 4869 microg/m3 and 1420 microg/m3 and in the residential <span class="hlt">zone</span> 294 microg/m3 and 198 microg/m3 respectively. No significant difference in the SO2 and NO2 levels was observed between the work and residential <span class="hlt">zones</span>. In general, the values of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants were highest in Winter followed by Summer and Rainy season. SPM and RSPM values exceeded the National <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Standards (NAAQS) in both the residential and work <span class="hlt">zones</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21619278','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21619278"><span>An analytical method for trifluoroacetic Acid in water and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> using headspace gas chromatographic determination of the methyl ester.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zehavi, D; Seiber, J N</p> <p>1996-10-01</p> <p>An analytical method has been developed for the determination of trace levels of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), an atmospheric breakdown product of several of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) replacements for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, in water and <span class="hlt">air</span>. TFA is derivatized to the volatile methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) and determined by automated headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) with electron-capture detection or manual HSGC using GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method is based on the reaction of an aqueous <span class="hlt">sample</span> containing TFA with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in concentrated sulfuric acid in a sealed headspace vial under conditions favoring distribution of MTFA to the vapor phase. Water <span class="hlt">samples</span> are prepared by evaporative concentration, during which TFA is retained as the anion, followed by extraction with diethyl ether of the acidified <span class="hlt">sample</span> and then back-extraction of TFA (as the anion) in aqueous bicarbonate solution. The extraction step is required for <span class="hlt">samples</span> with a relatively high background of other salts and organic materials. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> are collected in sodium bicarbonate-glycerin-coated glass denuder tubes and prepared by rinsing the denuder contents with water to form an aqueous <span class="hlt">sample</span> for derivatization and analysis. Recoveries of TFA from spiked water, with and without evaporative concentration, and from spiked <span class="hlt">air</span> were quantitative, with estimated detection limits of 10 ng/mL (unconcentrated) and 25 pg/mL (concentrated 250 mL:1 mL) for water and 1 ng/m(3) (72 h at 5 L/min) for <span class="hlt">air</span>. Several environmental <span class="hlt">air</span>, fogwater, rainwater, and surface water <span class="hlt">samples</span> were successfully analyzed; many showed the presence of TFA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4195794','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4195794"><span>Glyphosate–rich <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> induce IL–33, TSLP and generate IL–13 dependent airway inflammation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kumar, Sudhir; Khodoun, Marat; Kettleson, Eric M.; McKnight, Christopher; Reponen, Tiina; Grinshpun, Sergey A.; Adhikari, Atin</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Several low weight molecules have often been implicated in the induction of occupational asthma. Glyphosate, a small molecule herbicide, is widely used in the world. There is a controversy regarding a role of glyphosate in developing asthma and rhinitis among farmers, the mechanism of which is unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of glyphosate induced pulmonary pathology by utilizing murine models and real environmental <span class="hlt">samples</span>. C57BL/6, TLR4−/−, and IL-13−/− mice inhaled extracts of glyphosate-rich <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected on farms during spraying of herbicides or inhaled different doses of glyphosate and ovalbumin. The cellular response, humoral response, and lung function of exposed mice were evaluated. Exposure to glyphosate-rich <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> as well as glyphosate alone to the lungs increased: eosinophil and neutrophil counts, mast cell degranulation, and production of IL-33, TSLP, IL-13, and IL-5. In contrast, in vivo systemic IL-4 production was not increased. Co-administration of ovalbumin with glyphosate did not substantially change the inflammatory immune response. However, IL-13-deficiency resulted in diminished inflammatory response but did not have a significant effect on airway resistance upon methacholine challenge after 7 or 21 days of glyphosate exposure. Glyphosate-rich farm <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> as well as glyphosate alone were found to induce pulmonary IL-13-dependent inflammation and promote Th2 type cytokines, but not IL-4 for glyphosate alone. This study, for the first time, provides evidence for the mechanism of glyphosate-induced occupational lung disease. PMID:25172162</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3528722','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3528722"><span>Can Particulate <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Predict Microbial Load in Operating Theatres for Arthroplasty?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cristina, Maria Luisa; Spagnolo, Anna Maria; Sartini, Marina; Panatto, Donatella; Gasparini, Roberto; Orlando, Paolo; Ottria, Gianluca; Perdelli, Fernanda</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Several studies have proposed that the microbiological quality of the <span class="hlt">air</span> in operating theatres be indirectly evaluated by means of particle counting, a technique derived from industrial clean-room technology standards, using airborne particle concentration as an index of microbial contamination. However, the relationship between particle counting and microbiological <span class="hlt">sampling</span> has rarely been evaluated and demonstrated in operating theatres. The aim of the present study was to determine whether particle counting could predict microbiological contamination of the <span class="hlt">air</span> in an operating theatre during 95 surgical arthroplasty procedures. This investigation was carried out over a period of three months in 2010 in an orthopedic operating theatre devoted exclusively to prosthetic surgery. During each procedure, the bacterial contamination of the <span class="hlt">air</span> was determined by means of active <span class="hlt">sampling</span>; at the same time, airborne particulate contamination was assessed throughout the entire procedure. On considering the total number of surgical operations, the mean value of the total bacterial load in the center of the operating theatre proved to be 35 CFU/m3; the mean particle count was 4,194,569 no./m3 for particles of diameter ≥0.5 µm and 13,519 no./m3 for particles of diameter ≥5 µm. No significant differences emerged between the median values of the airborne microbial load recorded during the two types of procedure monitored. Particulates with a diameter of ≥0.5 µm were detected in statistically higher concentrations (p<0.001) during knee-replacement procedures. By contrast, particulates with a diameter of ≥5 µm displayed a statistically higher concentration during hip-replacement procedures (p<0.05). The results did not reveal any statistically significant correlation between microbial loads and particle counts for either of the particle diameters considered (≥0.5 µm and ≥5 µm). Consequently, microbiological monitoring remains the most suitable method of</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285189','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285189"><span>Can particulate <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> predict microbial load in operating theatres for arthroplasty?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cristina, Maria Luisa; Spagnolo, Anna Maria; Sartini, Marina; Panatto, Donatella; Gasparini, Roberto; Orlando, Paolo; Ottria, Gianluca; Perdelli, Fernanda</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Several studies have proposed that the microbiological quality of the <span class="hlt">air</span> in operating theatres be indirectly evaluated by means of particle counting, a technique derived from industrial clean-room technology standards, using airborne particle concentration as an index of microbial contamination. However, the relationship between particle counting and microbiological <span class="hlt">sampling</span> has rarely been evaluated and demonstrated in operating theatres. The aim of the present study was to determine whether particle counting could predict microbiological contamination of the <span class="hlt">air</span> in an operating theatre during 95 surgical arthroplasty procedures. This investigation was carried out over a period of three months in 2010 in an orthopedic operating theatre devoted exclusively to prosthetic surgery. During each procedure, the bacterial contamination of the <span class="hlt">air</span> was determined by means of active <span class="hlt">sampling</span>; at the same time, airborne particulate contamination was assessed throughout the entire procedure. On considering the total number of surgical operations, the mean value of the total bacterial load in the center of the operating theatre proved to be 35 CFU/m(3); the mean particle count was 4,194,569 no./m(3) for particles of diameter ≥0.5 µm and 13,519 no./m(3) for particles of diameter ≥5 µm. No significant differences emerged between the median values of the airborne microbial load recorded during the two types of procedure monitored. Particulates with a diameter of ≥0.5 µm were detected in statistically higher concentrations (p<0.001) during knee-replacement procedures. By contrast, particulates with a diameter of ≥5 µm displayed a statistically higher concentration during hip-replacement procedures (p<0.05). The results did not reveal any statistically significant correlation between microbial loads and particle counts for either of the particle diameters considered (≥0.5 µm and ≥5 µm). Consequently, microbiological monitoring remains the most suitable method of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/20913','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/20913"><span>Time-<span class="hlt">zone</span> effects on the long distance <span class="hlt">air</span> traveler.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>1969-09-01</p> <p>Findings are presented on the consequences of rapidly crossing numerous time <span class="hlt">zones</span>, such as occurs in present-day jet aircraft travel. Conclusions reached by FAA researchers and scientists of other laboratories are included, together with recommendat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/950642','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/950642"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Gaps, Size Effect, and Corner-Turning in Ambient LX-17</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Souers, P C; Hernandez, A; Cabacungen, C</p> <p>2007-05-30</p> <p>Various ambient measurements are presented for LX-17. The size (diameter) effect has been measured with copper and Lucite confinement, where the failure radii are 4.0 and 6.5 mm, respectively. The <span class="hlt">air</span> well corner-turn has been measured with an LX-07 booster, and the dead-<span class="hlt">zone</span> results are comparable to the previous TATB-boosted work. Four double cylinders have been fired, and dead <span class="hlt">zones</span> appear in all cases. The steel-backed <span class="hlt">samples</span> are faster than the Lucite-backed <span class="hlt">samples</span> by 0.6 {micro}s. Bare LX-07 and LX-17 of 12.7 mm-radius were fired with <span class="hlt">air</span> gaps. Long acceptor regions were used to truly determine if detonation occurred ormore » not. The LX-07 crossed at 10 mm with a slight time delay. Steady state LX-17 crossed at 3.5 mm gap but failed to cross at 4.0 mm. LX-17 with a 12.7 mm run after the booster crossed a 1.5 mm gap but failed to cross 2.5 mm. Timing delays were measured where the detonation crossed the gaps. The Tarantula model is introduced as embedded in the Linked Cheetah V4.0 reactive flow code at 4 <span class="hlt">zones</span>/mm. Tarantula has four pressure regions: off, initiation, failure and detonation. A report card of 25 tests run with the same settings on LX-17 is shown, possibly the most extensive simultaneous calibration yet tried with an explosive. The physical basis of some of the input parameters is considered.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016OptLE..82...14B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016OptLE..82...14B"><span>Automatic detection and classification of damage <span class="hlt">zone(s</span>) for incorporating in digital image correlation technique</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bhattacharjee, Sudipta; Deb, Debasis</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Digital image correlation (DIC) is a technique developed for monitoring surface deformation/displacement of an object under loading conditions. This method is further refined to make it capable of handling discontinuities on the surface of the <span class="hlt">sample</span>. A damage <span class="hlt">zone</span> is referred to a surface area fractured and opened in due course of loading. In this study, an algorithm is presented to automatically detect multiple damage <span class="hlt">zones</span> in deformed image. The algorithm identifies the pixels located inside these <span class="hlt">zones</span> and eliminate them from FEM-DIC processes. The proposed algorithm is successfully implemented on several damaged <span class="hlt">samples</span> to estimate displacement fields of an object under loading conditions. This study shows that displacement fields represent the damage conditions reasonably well as compared to regular FEM-DIC technique without considering the damage <span class="hlt">zones</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHE24A1423M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHE24A1423M"><span>Aircraft Surveys of the Beaufort Sea Seasonal Ice <span class="hlt">Zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morison, J.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The Seasonal Ice <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Reconnaissance Surveys (SIZRS) is a program of repeated ocean, ice, and atmospheric measurements across the Beaufort-Chukchi sea seasonal sea ice <span class="hlt">zone</span> (SIZ) utilizing US Coast Guard Arctic Domain Awareness (ADA) flights of opportunity. The SIZ is the region between maximum winter sea ice extent and minimum summer sea ice extent. As such, it contains the full range of positions of the marginal ice <span class="hlt">zone</span> (MIZ) where sea ice interacts with open water. The increasing size and changing <span class="hlt">air</span>-ice-ocean properties of the SIZ are central to recent reductions in Arctic sea ice extent. The changes in the interplay among the atmosphere, ice, and ocean require a systematic SIZ observational effort of coordinated atmosphere, ice, and ocean observations covering up to interannual time-scales, Therefore, every year beginning in late Spring and continuing to early Fall, SIZRS makes monthly flights across the Beaufort Sea SIZ aboard Coast Guard C-130H aircraft from USCG <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station Kodiak dropping Aircraft eXpendable CTDs (AXCTD) and Aircraft eXpendable Current Profilers (AXCP) for profiles of ocean temperature, salinity and shear, dropsondes for atmospheric temperature, humidity, and velocity profiles, and buoys for atmosphere and upper ocean time series. Enroute measurements include IR imaging, radiometer and lidar measurements of the sea surface and cloud tops. SIZRS also cooperates with the International Arctic Buoy Program for buoy deployments and with the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory atmospheric chemistry <span class="hlt">sampling</span> program on board the aircraft. Since 2012, SIZRS has found that even as SIZ extent, ice character, and atmospheric forcing varies year-to-year, the pattern of ocean freshening and radiative warming south of the ice edge is consistent. The experimental approach, observations and extensions to other projects will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2345305','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2345305"><span>Role of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> in investigation of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease associated with exposure to aerosols from an evaporative condenser.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Breiman, R F; Cozen, W; Fields, B S; Mastro, T D; Carr, S J; Spika, J S; Mascola, L</p> <p>1990-06-01</p> <p>Epidemiologic studies have suggested that legionnaires' disease can be transmitted to susceptible hosts by contaminated aerosolized water from cooling towers and evaporative condensers; however, epidemic strains of Legionella have not been isolated by <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at such sites during epidemiologic investigations. An outbreak of legionnaires' disease occurred at a retirement hotel; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from an evaporative condenser and from potable water. A case-control study showed that the only significant exposure risk was in area A. L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated during <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> near the evaporative condenser exhaust site, the <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning intake vent, and an <span class="hlt">air</span> vent in area A, but not in shower stalls. Monoclonal antibody subtype patterns of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients matched those from the evaporative condenser but not from shower water. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and monoclonal antibody subtyping results support epidemiologic evidence that the evaporative condenser was the source of this outbreak.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26224945','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26224945"><span>Determination of <span class="hlt">air</span>-loop volume and radon partition coefficient for measuring radon in water <span class="hlt">sample</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Kil Yong; Burnett, William C</p> <p></p> <p>A simple method for the direct determination of the <span class="hlt">air</span>-loop volume in a RAD7 system as well as the radon partition coefficient was developed allowing for an accurate measurement of the radon activity in any type of water. The <span class="hlt">air</span>-loop volume may be measured directly using an external radon source and an empty bottle with a precisely measured volume. The partition coefficient and activity of radon in the water <span class="hlt">sample</span> may then be determined via the RAD7 using the determined <span class="hlt">air</span>-loop volume. Activity ratios instead of absolute activities were used to measure the <span class="hlt">air</span>-loop volume and the radon partition coefficient. In order to verify this approach, we measured the radon partition coefficient in deionized water in the temperature range of 10-30 °C and compared the values to those calculated from the well-known Weigel equation. The results were within 5 % variance throughout the temperature range. We also applied the approach for measurement of the radon partition coefficient in synthetic saline water (0-75 ppt salinity) as well as tap water. The radon activity of the tap water <span class="hlt">sample</span> was determined by this method as well as the standard RAD-H 2 O and BigBottle RAD-H 2 O. The results have shown good agreement between this method and the standard methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24464541','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24464541"><span>GIS-based assessment of cancer risk due to benzene in Tehran ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Atabi, Farideh; Mirzahosseini, Seyed Alireza Hajiseyed</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>The present study aimed to assess the risk of cancer due to benzene in the ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> of gas stations and traffic <span class="hlt">zones</span> in the north of Tehran. The cancer risk was estimated using the population distribution data for benzene levels and the unit risk for benzene proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Sixteen <span class="hlt">sampling</span> locations were monitored, once every week, during 5 April 2010 to 25 March 2011. The results showed that the mean annual benzene concentration was 14.51±3.17 parts per billion (ppb) for traffic <span class="hlt">zones</span> and 29.01±1.32 ppb for outside gas stations. The risk calculated was 1026×10(-6) for gas station 27 and 955×10(-6) for gas station 139. According to our results, the annual benzene level in Tehran ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> is 2 to 20 times higher than the respective value specified in International Standard (1.56 ppb). Moreover, the results showed a notable increase of cancer risks, ranging from 10% to 56%, for the vicinity population close to the gas stations in comparison to the vicinity population in the traffic <span class="hlt">zones</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18807948','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18807948"><span>[Attempt to reduce the formaldehyde concentration by blowing cooled fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> down in to the breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> of medical students from an admission port on the ceiling during gross anatomy class].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Takayanagi, Masaaki; Sakai, Makoto; Ishikawa, Youichi; Murakami, Kunio; Kimura, Akihiko; Kakuta, Sachiko; Sato, Fumi</p> <p>2008-09-01</p> <p>Cadavers in gross anatomy laboratories at most medical schools are conventionally embalmed in formaldehyde solution, which is carcinogenic to humans. Medical students and instructors are thus exposed to formaldehyde vapors emitted from cadavers during dissection. To reduce high formaldehyde concentrations in the breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> above cadavers being examined by anatomy medical students provisionally, dissection beds were located under existing admission ports on the ceiling to supply cooled fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> from the admission port blowing downward on to the cadaver. In all cases, compared to normal condition, the downward flow of cooled fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> from an admission port reduced formaldehyde concentrations by 0.09-0.98 ppm and reduced to 12.6-65.4% in the <span class="hlt">air</span> above a cadaver in the breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> of students. The formaldehyde concentrations above cadavers under admission ports were not more than the formaldehyde concentrations between beds representing the indoor formaldehyde concentrations. Although the application of an existing admission port on the ceiling in this study did not remove formaldehyde, the downflow of cooled fresh <span class="hlt">air</span> using this system reduced the formaldehyde concentration in the <span class="hlt">air</span> above cadavers being attended by anatomy students during dissections. These results suggest the need for reducing formaldehyde levels in gross anatomy laboratories using fundamental countermeasures in order to satisfy the guidelines of 0.08 ppm established by the World Health Organization and the Japan Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5556312','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5556312"><span>Comparison of coarse coal dust <span class="hlt">sampling</span> techniques in a laboratory-simulated longwall section</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Patts, Justin R.; Barone, Teresa L.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Airborne coal dust generated during mining can deposit and accumulate on mine surfaces, presenting a dust explosion hazard. When assessing dust hazard mitigation strategies for airborne dust reduction, <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is done in high-velocity ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span>, which is used to purge the mining face and gallery tunnel. In this environment, the sampler inlet velocity should be matched to the <span class="hlt">air</span> stream velocity (isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampling</span>) to prevent oversampling of coarse dust at low sampler-to-<span class="hlt">air</span> velocity ratios. Low velocity ratios are often encountered when using low flow rate, personal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pumps commonly used in underground mines. In this study, with a goal of employing mine-ready equipment, a personal sampler was adapted for area <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of coarse coal dust in high-velocity ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span>. This was done by adapting an isokinetic nozzle to the inlet of an Institute of Occupational Medicine (Edinburgh, Scotland) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> cassette (IOM). Collected dust masses were compared for the modified IOM isokinetic sampler (IOM-MOD), the IOM without the isokinetic nozzle, and a conventional dust <span class="hlt">sampling</span> cassette without the cyclone on the inlet. All samplers were operated at a flow rate typical of personal <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pumps: 2 L/min. To ensure differences between collected masses that could be attributed to sampler design and were not influenced by artifacts from dust concentration gradients, relatively uniform and repeatable dust concentrations were demonstrated in the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> <span class="hlt">zone</span> of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health experimental mine gallery. Consistent with isokinetic theory, greater differences between isokinetic and non-isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampled</span> masses were found for larger dust volume-size distributions and higher ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span> velocities. Since isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is conventionally used to determine total dust concentration, and isokinetic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> made a difference in collected masses, the results suggest when <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for coarse coal dust the IOM-MOD may</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110008818','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110008818"><span>Soyuz 23 Return <span class="hlt">Samples</span>: Assessment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Aboard the International Space Station</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>James, John T.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Six mini-grab <span class="hlt">sample</span> containers (m-GSCs) were returned aboard Soyuz 23 because of concerns that new <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants had been present in the <span class="hlt">air</span> and these were getting into the water recovery system. The Total Organic Carbon Analyzer had been giving increasing readings of total organic carbon (TOC) in the potable water, and it was postulated that an increased load into the system was responsible. The TOC began to decline in late October, 2010. The toxicological assessment of 6 m-GSCs from the ISS is shown in Table 1. The recoveries of 13C-acetone, fluorobenzene, and chlorobenzene from the GSCs averaged 73, 82, and 59%, respectively. We are working to understand the sub-optimal recovery of chlorobenzene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.A33B3180L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.A33B3180L"><span>A new analysis system for whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>: description and results from 2013 SENEX</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lerner, B. M.; Gilman, J.; Dumas, M.; Hughes, D.; Jaksich, A.; Hatch, C. D.; Graus, M.; Warneke, C.; Apel, E. C.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Holloway, J. S.; De Gouw, J. A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Accurate measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere is critical for the understanding of emissions and physical and chemical processes that can impact both <span class="hlt">air</span> quality and climate. Airborne VOC measurements have proven especially challenging due to the requirement of both high sensitivity (pptv) and short <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection times (≤15 s) to maximize spatial resolution and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> frequency for targeted plume analysis. The use of stainless steel canisters to collect whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> (WAS) for post-flight analysis has been pioneered by the groups of D. Blake and E. Atlas [Blake et al., 1992; Atlas et al., 1993]. For the 2013 Southeast Nexus Study (SENEX), the NOAA ESRL CSD laboratory undertook WAS measurements for the first time. This required the construction of three new, highly-automated, and field-portable instruments designed to <span class="hlt">sample</span>, analyze, and clean the canisters for re-use. Analysis was performed with a new custom-built gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer system. The instrument pre-concentrates analyte cryostatically into two parallel traps by means of a Stirling engine, a novel technique which obviates the need for liquid nitrogen to reach trapping temperatures of -175C. Here we present an evaluation of the retrieval of target VOC species from WAS canisters. We discuss the effects of humidity and <span class="hlt">sample</span> age on the analyte, particularly upon C8+ alkane and aromatic species and biogenic species. Finally, we present results from several research flights during SENEX that targeted emissions from oil/natural gas production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1106 - San Diego Bay, California-safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false San Diego Bay, California-safety... Diego Bay, California—safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The waters of San Diego Bay enclosed by the following boundaries are a safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>: From a point located on the boundary of Coast Guard <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station San Diego...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1106 - San Diego Bay, California-safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false San Diego Bay, California-safety... Diego Bay, California—safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The waters of San Diego Bay enclosed by the following boundaries are a safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>: From a point located on the boundary of Coast Guard <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station San Diego...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1106 - San Diego Bay, California-safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false San Diego Bay, California-safety... Diego Bay, California—safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The waters of San Diego Bay enclosed by the following boundaries are a safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>: From a point located on the boundary of Coast Guard <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station San Diego...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1106 - San Diego Bay, California-safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false San Diego Bay, California-safety... Diego Bay, California—safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The waters of San Diego Bay enclosed by the following boundaries are a safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>: From a point located on the boundary of Coast Guard <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station San Diego...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol2-sec165-1106.pdf"><span>33 CFR 165.1106 - San Diego Bay, California-safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false San Diego Bay, California-safety... Diego Bay, California—safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The waters of San Diego Bay enclosed by the following boundaries are a safety <span class="hlt">zone</span>: From a point located on the boundary of Coast Guard <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station San Diego...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10650188','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10650188"><span>Effect of groundwater flow on remediation of dissolved-phase VOC contamination using <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reddy, K R; Adams, J A</p> <p>2000-02-25</p> <p>This paper presents two-dimensional laboratory experiments performed to study how groundwater flow may affect the injected <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">zone</span> of influence and remedial performance, and how injected <span class="hlt">air</span> may alter subsurface groundwater flow and contaminant migration during in situ <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging. Tests were performed by subjecting uniform sand profiles contaminated with dissolved-phase benzene to a hydraulic gradient and two different <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rates. The results of the tests were compared to a test subjected to a similar <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rate but a static groundwater condition. The test results revealed that the size and shape of the <span class="hlt">zone</span> of influence were negligibly affected by groundwater flow, and as a result, similar rates of contaminant removal were realized within the <span class="hlt">zone</span> of influence with and without groundwater flow. The <span class="hlt">air</span> flow, however, reduced the hydraulic conductivity within the <span class="hlt">zone</span> of influence, reducing groundwater flow and subsequent downgradient contaminant migration. The use of a higher <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rate further reduced the hydraulic conductivity and decreased groundwater flow and contaminant migration. Overall, this study demonstrated that <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging may be effectively implemented to intercept and treat a migrating contaminant plume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5745252-solid-sorbent-air-sampling-analytical-procedure-methyl-dimethyl-ethyl-diethylamine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5745252-solid-sorbent-air-sampling-analytical-procedure-methyl-dimethyl-ethyl-diethylamine"><span>Solid sorbent <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analytical procedure for methyl-, dimethyl-, ethyl-, and diethylamine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Elskamp, C.J.; Schultz, G.R.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analytical procedure for methyl-, dimethyl-, ethyl-, and diethylamine was developed in order to avoid problems typically encountered in the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analysis of low molecular weight aliphatic amines. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> are collected with adsorbent tubes containing Amberlite XAD-7 resin coated with the derivatizing reagent, NBD chloride (7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole). Analysis is performed by high performance liquid chromatography with the use of a fluorescence and/or UV/visible detector. All four amines can be monitored simultaneously, and neither collection nor storage is affected by humidity. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> are stable at room temperature for at least two weeks. The methodology has been tested for eachmore » of the four amines at <span class="hlt">sample</span> loadings equivalent to <span class="hlt">air</span> concentration ranges of 0.5 to 30 ppm for a <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume of 10 liters. The method shows promise for determining other airborne primary and secondary low molecular weight aliphatic amines.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873056','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873056"><span>Scrubbing of contaminants from contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> streams with aerogel materials with optional photocatalytic destruction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Attia, Yosry A.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Disclosed is a method for separating a vaporous or gaseous contaminant from an <span class="hlt">air</span> stream contaminated therewith. This method includes the steps of: (a) passing said contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> into a contact <span class="hlt">zone</span> in which is disposed an aerogel material capable of selecting adsorbing said contaminant from <span class="hlt">air</span> and therein contacting said contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> with an aerogel material; and (b) withdrawing from said <span class="hlt">zone</span>, <span class="hlt">air</span> depleted of said contaminant. For present purposes, "contaminant" means a material not naturally occurring in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> and/or a material naturally occurring in <span class="hlt">air</span> but present at a concentration above that found in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. Thus, the present invention scrubs (or treats) <span class="hlt">air</span> for the purpose of returning it to its ambient composition. Also disclosed herein is a process for the photocatalytic destruction of contaminants from an <span class="hlt">air</span> stream wherein the contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> stream is passed into a control cell or contact <span class="hlt">zone</span> in which is disposed a photocatalytic aerogel and exposing said aerogel to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for photocatalytically destroying the adsorbed contaminant, and withdrawing from said cell an exhaust <span class="hlt">air</span> stream depleted in said contaminant.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA607549','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA607549"><span>Final Environmental Assessment Addressing Tree Management at Dobbins <span class="hlt">Air</span> Reserve Base, Georgia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>metamorphic rocks . The Piedmont also contains an abundance of mineral resources such as stone, granite, and soapstone. A major geologic feature of this...rich igneous and metamorphic rocks . Natural Resources Conservation Service soil surveys indicate that soils on and around Dobbins ARB are...Plant-6 AFRC <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Reserve Command AICUZ <span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zone</span> APZ Accident Potential <span class="hlt">Zone</span> AQCR <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Control Region ARB</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.B51A0385P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.B51A0385P"><span>Probing dissolved organic matter in the critical <span class="hlt">zone</span>: a comparison between in situ <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and aqueous soil extracts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Perdrial, J. N.; Perdrial, N.; Harpold, A. A.; Peterson, A. M.; Vasquez, A.; Chorover, J.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) of soil solution constitutes an integral activity in critical <span class="hlt">zone</span> science as important insights to nutrient and carbon cycling and mineral weathering processes can be gained. Soil solution can be obtained by a variety of approaches such as by in situ zero-tension and tension samplers or by performing soil extracts in the lab. It is generally preferred to obtain soil solution in situ with the least amount of disturbance. However, in water limited environments, such as in southwestern US, in situ <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is only possible during few hydrologic events and soil extracts are often employed. In order to evaluate the performance of different <span class="hlt">sampling</span> approaches for OM analysis, results from aqueous soil extracts were compared with in situ <span class="hlt">samples</span> obtained from suction cups and passive capillary wick samplers (PCAP's). Soil from an OA-horizon of mixed conifer forest Jemez River Basin Critical <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Observatory (JRB-CZO) in NM was <span class="hlt">sampled</span> twice and in situ <span class="hlt">samples</span> from co-located suction cups and PCAPs were collected 7 times during the 2011 snowmelt period. Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations (DOC and DN) as well as OM quality (FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC) were analyzed. The aqueous soil extracts (solid:solution = 1:5 mass basis) showed highest DOC and lowest DN concentrations whereas <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in-situ had lower DOC and higher DN concentrations. PARAFAC analysis using a four component model showed a dominance of fluorescence in region I and II (protein-like fluorescence) for <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in situ indicating the presence of more bio-molecules (proteins). In contrast, the dominant PARAFAC component of the soil extract was found in region 3 (fulvic acid-like fluorescence). FTIR analysis showed high intensity band at 1600 cm-1 in the case of the aqueous soil extract that correspond to asymmetric stretching of carboxyl groups. These preliminary results indicate that aqueous soil extracts likely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29107878','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29107878"><span>Breakthrough during <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with polyurethane foam: What do PUF 2/PUF 1 ratios mean?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bidleman, Terry F; Tysklind, Mats</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Frontal chromatography theory is applied to describe movement of gaseous semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) through a column of polyurethane foam (PUF). Collected mass fractions (F C ) are predicted for <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume/breakthrough volume ratios (τ = V S /V B ) up to 6.0 and PUF bed theoretical plate numbers (N) from 2 to 16. The predictions assume constant <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations and temperatures. Extension of the calculations is done to relate the collection efficiency of a 2-PUF train (F C1+2 ) to the PUF 2/PUF 1 ratio. F C1+2 exceeds 0.9 for PUF 2/PUF 1 ≤ 0.5 and lengths of PUF commonly used in <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers. As the PUF 2/PUF 1 ratio approaches unity, confidence in these predictions is limited by the analytical ability to distinguish residues on the two PUFs. Field data should not be arbitrarily discarded because some analytes broke through to the backup PUF trap. The fractional collection efficiencies can be used to estimate <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations from quantities retained on the PUF trap when <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is not quantitative. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoRL..4311893B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GeoRL..4311893B"><span>Methane mole fraction and δ13C above and below the trade wind inversion at Ascension Island in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampled</span> by aerial robotics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brownlow, R.; Lowry, D.; Thomas, R. M.; Fisher, R. E.; France, J. L.; Cain, M.; Richardson, T. S.; Greatwood, C.; Freer, J.; Pyle, J. A.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Nisbet, E. G.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Ascension Island is a remote South Atlantic equatorial site, ideal for monitoring tropical background CH4. In September 2014 and July 2015, octocopters were used to collect <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in Tedlar bags from different heights above and below the well-defined Trade Wind Inversion (TWI), <span class="hlt">sampling</span> a maximum altitude of 2700 m above mean sea level. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> captured both remote <span class="hlt">air</span> in the marine boundary layer below the TWI and also <span class="hlt">air</span> masses above the TWI that had been lofted by convective systems in the African tropics. <span class="hlt">Air</span> above the TWI was characterized by higher CH4, but no distinct shift in δ13C was observed compared to the <span class="hlt">air</span> below. Back trajectories indicate that lofted CH4 emissions from Southern Hemisphere Africa have bulk δ13CCH4 signatures similar to background, suggesting mixed emissions from wetlands, agriculture, and biomass burning. The campaigns illustrate the usefulness of unmanned aerial system <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and Ascension's value for atmospheric measurement in an understudied region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28927165','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28927165"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> and Surface <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Method for Assessing Exposures to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>LeBouf, Ryan F; Virji, Mohammed Abbas; Ranpara, Anand; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>This method was designed for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> select quaternary ammonium (quat) compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span> or on surfaces followed by analysis using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Target quats were benzethonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium bromide, benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride. For <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters are recommended for 15-min to 24-hour <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. For surface <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, Pro-wipe® 880 (PW) media was chosen. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> were extracted in 60:40 acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid for 1 hour on an orbital shaker. Method detection limits range from 0.3 to 2 ng/ml depending on media and analyte. Matrix effects of media are minimized through the use of multiple reaction monitoring versus selected ion recording. Upper confidence limits on accuracy meet the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 25% criterion for PTFE and PW media for all analytes. Using PTFE and PW analyzed with multiple reaction monitoring, the method quantifies levels among the different quats compounds with high precision (<10% relative standard deviation) and low bias (<11%). The method is sensitive enough with very low method detection limits to capture quats on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> filters with only a 15-min <span class="hlt">sample</span> duration with a maximum assessed storage time of 103 days before <span class="hlt">sample</span> extraction. This method will support future exposure assessment and quantitative epidemiologic studies to explore exposure-response relationships and establish levels of quats exposures associated with adverse health effects. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ArMiS..62..611P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ArMiS..62..611P"><span>Empirical Models of <span class="hlt">Zones</span> Protecting Against Coal Dust Explosion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prostański, Dariusz</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The paper presents predicted use of research' results to specify relations between volume of dust deposition and changes of its concentration in <span class="hlt">air</span>. These were used to shape <span class="hlt">zones</span> protecting against coal dust explosion. Methodology of research was presented, including methods of measurement of dust concentration as well as deposition. Measurements were taken in the Brzeszcze Mine within framework of MEZAP, co-financed by The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) and performed by the Institute of Mining Technology KOMAG, the Central Mining Institute (GIG) and the Coal Company PLC. The project enables performing of research related to measurements of volume of dust deposition as well as its concentration in <span class="hlt">air</span> in protective <span class="hlt">zones</span> in a number of mine workings in the Brzeszcze Mine. Developed model may be supportive tool in form of system located directly in protective <span class="hlt">zones</span> or as operator tool warning about increasing hazard of coal dust explosion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292477','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292477"><span>Experimental study of wood downdraft gasification for an improved producer gas quality through an innovative two-stage <span class="hlt">air</span> and premixed <span class="hlt">air</span>/gas supply approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jaojaruek, Kitipong; Jarungthammachote, Sompop; Gratuito, Maria Kathrina B; Wongsuwan, Hataitep; Homhual, Suwan</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>This study conducted experiments on three different downdraft gasification approaches: single stage, conventional two-stage, and an innovative two-stage <span class="hlt">air</span> and premixed <span class="hlt">air</span>/gas supply approach. The innovative two-stage approach has two nozzle locations, one for <span class="hlt">air</span> supply at combustion <span class="hlt">zone</span> and the other located at the pyrolysis <span class="hlt">zone</span> for supplying the premixed gas (<span class="hlt">air</span> and producer gas). The producer gas is partially bypassed to mix with <span class="hlt">air</span> and supplied to burn at the pyrolysis <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The result shows that producer gas quality generated by the innovative two-stage approach improved as compared to conventional two-stage. The higher heating value (HHV) increased from 5.4 to 6.5 MJ/Nm(3). Tar content in producer gas reduced to less than 45 mg/Nm(3). With this approach, gas can be fed directly to an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the gasification thermal efficiency also improved by approximately 14%. The approach gave double benefits on gas qualities and energy savings. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870001912','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870001912"><span>Component testing of a ground based gas turbine steam cooled rich-burn primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> combustor for emissions control of nitrogeneous fuels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schultz, D. F.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>This effort summarizes the work performed on a steam cooled, rich-burn primary <span class="hlt">zone</span>, variable geometry combustor designed for combustion of nitrogeneous fuels such as heavy oils or synthetic crude oils. The steam cooling was employed to determine its feasibility and assess its usefulness as part of a ground based gas turbine bottoming cycle. Variable combustor geometry was employed to demonstrate its ability to control primary and secondary <span class="hlt">zone</span> equivalence ratios and overall pressure drop. Both concepts proved to be highly successful in achieving their desired objectives. The steam cooling reduced peak liner temperatures to less than 800 K. This low temperature offers the potential of both long life and reduced use of strategic materials for liner fabrication. These degrees of variable geometry were successfully employed to control <span class="hlt">air</span> flow distribution within the combustor. A variable blade angle axial flow <span class="hlt">air</span> swirler was used to control primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> flow, while the secondary and tertiary <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> flows were controlled by rotating bands which regulated <span class="hlt">air</span> flow to the secondary <span class="hlt">zone</span> quench holes and the dilutions holes respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT........37E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT........37E"><span>Experimental investigation of aerodynamics, combustion, and emissions characteristics within the primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> of a gas turbine combustor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Elkady, Ahmed M.</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>The present work investigates pollutant emissions production, mainly nitric oxides and carbon monoxide, within the primary <span class="hlt">zone</span> of a highly swirling combustion and methods with which to reduce their formation. A baseline study was executed at different equivalence ratios and different inlet <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures. The study was then extended to investigate the effects of utilizing transverse <span class="hlt">air</span> jets on pollutant emission characteristics at different jet locations, jet mass ratio, and overall equivalence ratio as well as to investigate the jets' overall interactions with the recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span>. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was employed to measure emissions concentrations generated during combustion of Jet-A fuel in a swirl-cup assembly. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was employed to investigate the mean flow aerodynamics within the combustor. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to capture the instantaneous aerodynamic behavior of the non-reacting primary <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Results illustrate that NOx production is a function of both the recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span> and the flame length. At low overall equivalence ratios, the recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span> is found to be the main producer of NOx. At near stoichiometric conditions, the post recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span> appears to be responsible for the majority of NOx produced. Results reveal the possibility of injecting <span class="hlt">air</span> into the recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span> without altering flame stability to improve emission characteristics. Depending on the jet location and strength, nitric oxides as well as carbon monoxide can be reduced simultaneously. Placing the primary <span class="hlt">air</span> jet just downstream of the fuel rich recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span> can lead to a significant reduction in both nitric oxides and carbon monoxide. In the case of fuel lean recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span>, reduction of nitric oxides can occur by placing the jets below the location of maximum radius of the recirculation <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/ar/crossett-hydrogen-sulfide-air-sampling-report','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/ar/crossett-hydrogen-sulfide-air-sampling-report"><span>Crossett Hydrogen Sulfide <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This report summarizes the results of the EPA’s hydrogen sulfide <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring conducted along Georgia Pacific’s wastewater treatment system and in surrounding Crossett, AR, neighborhoods in 2017.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1108732','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1108732"><span>Cast Stone Oxidation Front Evaluation: Preliminary Results For <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Exposed To Moist <span class="hlt">Air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Langton, C. A.; Almond, P. M.</p> <p></p> <p>The rate of oxidation is important to the long-term performance of reducing salt waste forms because the solubility of some contaminants, e.g., technetium, is a function of oxidation state. TcO{sub 4}{sup -} in the salt solution is reduced to Tc(IV) and has been shown to react with ingredients in the waste form to precipitate low solubility sulfide and/or oxide phases. Upon exposure to oxygen, the compounds containing Tc(IV) oxidize to the pertechnetate ion, Tc(VII)O{sub 4}{sup -}, which is very soluble. Consequently the rate of technetium oxidation front advancement into a monolith and the technetium leaching profile as a function ofmore » depth from an exposed surface are important to waste form performance and ground water concentration predictions. An approach for measuring contaminant oxidation rate (effective contaminant specific oxidation rate) based on leaching of select contaminants of concern is described in this report. In addition, the relationship between reduction capacity and contaminant oxidation is addressed. Chromate (Cr(VI) was used as a non-radioactive surrogate for pertechnetate, Tc(VII), in Cast Stone <span class="hlt">samples</span> prepared with 5 M Simulant. Cast Stone spiked with pertechnetate was also prepared and tested. Depth discrete subsamples spiked with Cr were cut from Cast Stone exposed to Savannah River Site (SRS) outdoor ambient temperature fluctuations and moist <span class="hlt">air</span>. Depth discrete subsamples spiked with Tc-99 were cut from Cast Stone exposed to laboratory ambient temperature fluctuations and moist <span class="hlt">air</span>. Similar conditions are expected to be encountered in the Cast Stone curing container. The leachability of Cr and Tc-99 and the reduction capacities, measured by the Angus-Glasser method, were determined for each subsample as a function of depth from the exposed surface. The results obtained to date were focused on continued method development and are preliminary and apply to the <span class="hlt">sample</span> composition and curing / exposure conditions described in this</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650732','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650732"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span>, hand wipe, and surface wipe <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for Bisphenol A (BPA) among workers in industries that manufacture and use BPA in the United States.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hines, Cynthia J; Jackson, Matthew V; Christianson, Annette L; Clark, John C; Arnold, James E; Pretty, Jack R; Deddens, James A</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>For decades, bisphenol A (BPA) has been used in making polycarbonate, epoxy, and phenolic resins and certain investment casting waxes, yet published exposure data are lacking for U.S. manufacturing workers. In 2013-2014, BPA <span class="hlt">air</span> and hand exposures were quantified for 78 workers at six U.S. companies making BPA or BPA-based products. Exposure measures included an inhalable-fraction personal <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> on each of two consecutive work days (n = 146), pre- and end-shift hand wipe <span class="hlt">samples</span> on the second day (n = 74 each), and surface wipe <span class="hlt">samples</span> (n = 88). Potential determinants of BPA <span class="hlt">air</span> and end-shift hand exposures (after natural log transformation) were assessed in univariate and multiple regression mixed models. The geometric mean (GM) BPA <span class="hlt">air</span> concentration was 4.0 µg/m 3 (maximum 920 µg/m 3 ). The end-shift GM BPA hand level (26 µg/<span class="hlt">sample</span>) was 10-times higher than the pre-shift level (2.6 µg/<span class="hlt">sample</span>). BPA <span class="hlt">air</span> and hand exposures differed significantly by industry and job. BPA <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations and end-shift hand levels were highest in the BPA-filled wax manufacturing/reclaim industry (GM <span class="hlt">Air</span> = 48 µg/m 3 , GM Hand-End = 130 µg/<span class="hlt">sample</span>) and in the job of working with molten BPA-filled wax (GM <span class="hlt">Air</span> = 43 µg/m 3 , GM Hand-End = 180 µg/<span class="hlt">sample</span>), and lowest in the phenolic resins industry (GM <span class="hlt">Air</span> = 0.85 µg/m 3 , GM Hand-End = 0.43 µg/<span class="hlt">sample</span>) and in the job of flaking phenolic resins (GM <span class="hlt">AIR</span> = 0.62 µg/m 3 , GM Hand-End = 0.38 µg/<span class="hlt">sample</span>). Determinants of increased BPA <span class="hlt">air</span> concentration were industry, handling BPA containers, spilling BPA, and spending ≥50% of the shift in production areas; increasing age was associated with lower <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations. BPA hand exposure determinants were influenced by high values for two workers; for all other workers, tasks involving contact with BPA-containing materials and spending ≥50% of the shift in production areas were associated with increased BPA hand levels. Surface wipe BPA levels were significantly lower in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738362','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738362"><span>Characterization and validation of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analytical methods for mycotoxins in workplace <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jargot, Danièle; Melin, Sandrine</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Mycotoxins are produced by certain plant or foodstuff moulds under growing, transport or storage conditions. They are toxic for humans and animals, some are carcinogenic. Methods to monitor occupational exposure to seven of the most frequently occurring airborne mycotoxins have been characterized and validated. Experimental aerosols have been generated from naturally contaminated particles for sampler evaluation. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected on foam pads, using the CIP 10 personal aerosol sampler with its inhalable health-related aerosol fraction selector. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> were subsequently solvent extracted from the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> media, cleaned using immunoaffinity (IA) columns and analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Ochratoxin A (OTA) or fumonisin and aflatoxin derivatives were detected and quantified. The quantification limits were 0.015 ng m(-3) OTA, 1 ng m(-3) fumonisins or 0.5 pg m(-3) aflatoxins, with a minimum dust concentration level of 1 mg m(-3) and a 4800 L <span class="hlt">air</span> volume <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. The methods were successfully applied to field measurements, which confirmed that workers could be exposed when handling contaminated materials. It was observed that airborne particles may be more contaminated than the bulk material itself. The validated methods have measuring ranges fully adapted to the concentrations found in the workplace. Their performance meets the general requirements laid down for chemical agent measurement procedures, with an expanded uncertainty less than 50% for most mycotoxins. The analytical uncertainty, comprised between 14 and 24%, was quite satisfactory given the low mycotoxin amounts, when compared to the food benchmarks. The methods are now user-friendly enough to be adopted for personal workplace <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. They will later allow for mycotoxin occupational risk assessment, as only very few quantitative data have been available till now.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934885','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934885"><span>Ultimate detectability of volatile organic compounds: how much further can we reduce their ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> volumes for analysis?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Yong-Hyun; Kim, Ki-Hyun</p> <p>2012-10-02</p> <p>To understand the ultimately lowest detection range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in <span class="hlt">air</span>, application of a high sensitivity analytical system was investigated by coupling thermal desorption (TD) technique with gas chromatography (GC) and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The performance of the TD-GC/TOF MS system was evaluated using liquid standards of 19 target VOCs prepared in the range of 35 pg to 2.79 ng per μL. Studies were carried out using both total ion chromatogram (TIC) and extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) mode. EIC mode was used for calibration to reduce background and to improve signal-to-noise. The detectability of 19 target VOCs, if assessed in terms of method detection limit (MDL, per US EPA definition) and limit of detection (LOD), averaged 5.90 pg and 0.122 pg, respectively, with the mean coefficient of correlation (R(2)) of 0.9975. The minimum quantifiable mass of target analytes, when determined using real <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by the TD-GC/TOF MS, is highly comparable to the detection limits determined experimentally by standard. In fact, volumes for the actual detection of the major aromatic VOCs like benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were as low as 1.0 mL in the 0.11-2.25 ppb range. It was thus possible to demonstrate that most target compounds including those in low abundance could be reliably quantified at concentrations down to 0.1 ppb at <span class="hlt">sample</span> volumes of less than 10 mL. The unique sensitivity of this advanced analytical system can ultimately lead to a shift in field <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategy with smaller <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> volumes facilitating faster, simpler <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> (e.g., use of gas syringes rather than the relative complexity of pumps or bags/canisters), with greatly reduced risk of analyte breakthrough and minimal interference, e.g., from atmospheric humidity. The improved detection limits offered by this system can also enhance accuracy and measurement precision.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874695','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874695"><span>Ram-<span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection device for a chemical warfare agent sensor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Megerle, Clifford A.; Adkins, Douglas R.; Frye-Mason, Gregory C.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>In a surface acoustic wave sensor mounted within a body, the sensor having a surface acoustic wave array detector and a micro-fabricated <span class="hlt">sample</span> preconcentrator exposed on a surface of the body, an apparatus for collecting <span class="hlt">air</span> for the sensor, comprising a housing operatively arranged to mount atop the body, the housing including a multi-stage channel having an inlet and an outlet, the channel having a first stage having a first height and width proximate the inlet, a second stage having a second lower height and width proximate the micro-fabricated <span class="hlt">sample</span> preconcentrator, a third stage having a still lower third height and width proximate the surface acoustic wave array detector, and a fourth stage having a fourth height and width proximate the outlet, where the fourth height and width are substantially the same as the first height and width.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011252','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011252"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality in the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) Based on <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Returned by STS-104 at the Conclusion of 7A</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>James, John T.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The toxicological assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> returned at the end of the STS-l04 (7 A) flight to the ISS is reported. ISS <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken in June and July 2001 from the Service Module, FGB, and U.S. Laboratory using grab <span class="hlt">sample</span> canisters (GSCs) and/or formaldehyde badges. Preflight and end-of-mission <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained from Atlantis using GSCs. Solid sorbent <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler (SSAS) <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained from the ISS in April, June, and July. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and all quality control measures were met.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800859','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800859"><span>Potential of trees leaf/ bark to control atmospheric metals in a gas and petrochemical <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Safari, Mojgan; Ramavandi, Bahman; Sanati, Ali Mohammad; Sorial, George A; Hashemi, Seyedenayat; Tahmasebi, Saeid</p> <p>2018-05-22</p> <p>Leaf and bark of trees are tools for assessing the effects of the heavy metals pollution and monitoring the environmental <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Ni, Pb, V, and Co metals in four tree/shrub species (Conocarpus erectus, Nerium oleander, Bougainvillea spectabilis willd, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in the heavily industrial <span class="hlt">zone</span> of Asaloyeh, Iran. Two industrial <span class="hlt">zones</span> (sites 1 and 2), two urban areas (sites 3 and 4), and two rural areas (sites 5 and 6) in the Asaloyeh industrial <span class="hlt">zone</span> and an uncontaminated area as a control were selected. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> from leaf and bark of trees was carried out in spring 2016. The metals content in the washed and unwashed leaf and bark was investigated. The results showed that four studied metals in N. oleander, C. erectus, and B. spectabilis willd in all case sites were significantly higher than that of in the control site (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of metals was found in sites 3, 4, and 6; this was due to dispersion of the pollutants from industrial environments by dominant winds. The highest comprehensive bio-concentration index (CBCI) was found in leaf (0.37) and bark (0.12) of N. oleander. The maximum metal accumulation index (MAI) in the <span class="hlt">samples</span> was found in leaf of N. oleander (1.58) and in bark of H. rosa-sinensis (1.95). The maximum bio-concentration factor (BCF) was seen for cobalt metal in the N. oleander leaf (0.89). The nickel concentration in washed-leaf <span class="hlt">samples</span> of C. erectus was measured to be 49.64% of unwashed one. In general, the N. oleander and C. erectus species were found to have the highest absorption rate from the atmosphere and soil than other studied species, and are very suitable tools for managing <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution in highly industrialized areas. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830015398','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830015398"><span>Simulating sunflower canopy temperatures to infer root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> soil water potential</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Choudhury, B. J.; Idso, S. B.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>A soil-plant-atmosphere model for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), together with clear sky weather data for several days, is used to study the relationship between canopy temperature and root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> soil water potential. Considering the empirical dependence of stomatal resistance on insolation, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature and leaf water potential, a continuity equation for water flux in the soil-plant-atmosphere system is solved for the leaf water potential. The transpirational flux is calculated using Monteith's combination equation, while the canopy temperature is calculated from the energy balance equation. The simulation shows that, at high soil water potentials, canopy temperature is determined primarily by <span class="hlt">air</span> and dew point temperatures. These results agree with an empirically derived linear regression equation relating canopy-<span class="hlt">air</span> temperature differential to <span class="hlt">air</span> vapor pressure deficit. The model predictions of leaf water potential are also in agreement with observations, indicating that measurements of canopy temperature together with a knowledge of <span class="hlt">air</span> and dew point temperatures can provide a reliable estimate of the root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> soil water potential.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-21/pdf/2012-3870.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-21/pdf/2012-3870.pdf"><span>77 FR 9879 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Lake Pontchartrain, New Orleans, LA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-02-21</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Lake Pontchartrain, New Orleans, LA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of... of the South shores of Lake Pontchartrain adjacent to the East bank of the Lakefront Airport runways... Blue Angels <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show, to take place over the waters of Lake Pontchartrain. The Blue Angels <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show is...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=113983&keyword=process+AND+improvement&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=113983&keyword=process+AND+improvement&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>24-HOUR DIFFUSIVE <span class="hlt">SAMPLING</span> OF TOXIC VOCS IN <span class="hlt">AIR</span> ONTO CARBOPACK X SOLID ADSORBENT FOLLOWED BY THERMAL DESORPTION/GC/MS ANALYSIS - LABORATORY STUDIES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Diffusive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of a mixture of 42 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in humidified, purified <span class="hlt">air</span> onto the solid adsorbent Carbopack X was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The evaluation included variations in <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature, relative humidity, and ozon...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1426655-alpha-air-sample-counting-efficiency-versus-dust-loading-evaluation-large-data-set','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1426655-alpha-air-sample-counting-efficiency-versus-dust-loading-evaluation-large-data-set"><span>Alpha <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sample</span> Counting Efficiency Versus Dust Loading: Evaluation of a Large Data Set</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hogue, M. G.; Gause-Lott, S. M.; Owensby, B. N.</p> <p></p> <p>Dust loading on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters is known to cause a loss of efficiency for direct counting of alpha activity on the filters, but the amount of dust loading and the correction factor needed to account for attenuated alpha particles is difficult to assess. In this paper, correction factors are developed by statistical analysis of a large database of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> results for a uranium and plutonium processing facility at the Savannah River Site. As is typically the case, dust-loading data is not directly available, but <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume is found to be a reasonable proxy measure; the amount of dustmore » loading is inferred by a combination of the derived correction factors and a Monte Carlo model. The technique compares the distribution of activity ratios [beta/(beta + alpha)] by volume and applies a range of correction factors on the raw alpha count rate. The best-fit results with this method are compared with MCNP modeling of activity uniformly deposited in the dust and analytical laboratory results of digested filters. Finally, a linear fit is proposed to evenly-deposited alpha activity collected on filters with dust loading over a range of about 2 mg cm -2 to 1,000 mg cm -2.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1426655-alpha-air-sample-counting-efficiency-versus-dust-loading-evaluation-large-data-set','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1426655-alpha-air-sample-counting-efficiency-versus-dust-loading-evaluation-large-data-set"><span>Alpha <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sample</span> Counting Efficiency Versus Dust Loading: Evaluation of a Large Data Set</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Hogue, M. G.; Gause-Lott, S. M.; Owensby, B. N.; ...</p> <p>2018-03-03</p> <p>Dust loading on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> filters is known to cause a loss of efficiency for direct counting of alpha activity on the filters, but the amount of dust loading and the correction factor needed to account for attenuated alpha particles is difficult to assess. In this paper, correction factors are developed by statistical analysis of a large database of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> results for a uranium and plutonium processing facility at the Savannah River Site. As is typically the case, dust-loading data is not directly available, but <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume is found to be a reasonable proxy measure; the amount of dustmore » loading is inferred by a combination of the derived correction factors and a Monte Carlo model. The technique compares the distribution of activity ratios [beta/(beta + alpha)] by volume and applies a range of correction factors on the raw alpha count rate. The best-fit results with this method are compared with MCNP modeling of activity uniformly deposited in the dust and analytical laboratory results of digested filters. Finally, a linear fit is proposed to evenly-deposited alpha activity collected on filters with dust loading over a range of about 2 mg cm -2 to 1,000 mg cm -2.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=43581&Lab=NERL&keyword=attitudes&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=43581&Lab=NERL&keyword=attitudes&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">SAMPLE</span> DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDOOR <span class="hlt">AIR</span> EXPOSURE SURVEYS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Recent studies have shown that the traditional practice of monitoring outdoor (ambient) <span class="hlt">air</span> quality leads to little information regarding the exposures of people in indoor surroundings. Consequently, EPA has begun a series of studies to determine the <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposures peopl...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1349/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1349/"><span>Design and Operation of a Borehole Straddle Packer for Ground-Water <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and Hydraulic Testing of Discrete Intervals at U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 6, Marietta, Georgia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Holloway, Owen G.; Waddell, Jonathan P.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>A borehole straddle packer was developed and tested by the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize the vertical distribution of contaminants, head, and hydraulic properties in open-borehole wells as part of an ongoing investigation of ground-water contamination at U.S. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 6 (AFP6) in Marietta, Georgia. To better understand contaminant fate and transport in a crystalline bedrock setting and to support remedial activities at AFP6, numerous wells have been constructed that include long open-hole intervals in the crystalline bedrock. These wells can include several discontinuities that produce water, which may contain contaminants. Because of the complexity of ground-water flow and contaminant movement in the crystalline bedrock, it is important to characterize the hydraulic and water-quality characteristics of discrete intervals in these wells. The straddle packer facilitates ground-water <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and hydraulic testing of discrete intervals, and delivery of fluids including tracer suites and remedial agents into these discontinuities. The straddle packer consists of two inflatable packers, a dual-pump system, a pressure-sensing system, and an aqueous injection system. Tests were conducted to assess the accuracy of the pressure-sensing systems, and water <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected for analysis of volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentrations. Pressure-transducer readings matched computed water-column height, with a coefficient of determination of greater than 0.99. The straddle packer incorporates both an <span class="hlt">air</span>-driven piston pump and a variable-frequency, electronic, submersible pump. Only slight differences were observed between VOC concentrations in <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected using the two different types of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> pumps during two <span class="hlt">sampling</span> events in July and August 2005. A test conducted to assess the effect of stagnation on VOC concentrations in water trapped in the system's pump-tubing reel showed that concentrations were not affected. A comparison was conducted</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatSR...516491C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatSR...516491C"><span>The lung cancer breath signature: a comparative analysis of exhaled breath and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampled</span> from inside the lungs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Capuano, Rosamaria; Santonico, Marco; Pennazza, Giorgio; Ghezzi, Silvia; Martinelli, Eugenio; Roscioni, Claudio; Lucantoni, Gabriele; Galluccio, Giovanni; Paolesse, Roberto; di Natale, Corrado; D'Amico, Arnaldo</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Results collected in more than 20 years of studies suggest a relationship between the volatile organic compounds exhaled in breath and lung cancer. However, the origin of these compounds is still not completely elucidated. In spite of the simplistic vision that cancerous tissues in lungs directly emit the volatile metabolites into the airways, some papers point out that metabolites are collected by the blood and then exchanged at the <span class="hlt">air</span>-blood interface in the lung. To shed light on this subject we performed an experiment collecting both the breath and the <span class="hlt">air</span> inside both the lungs with a modified bronchoscopic probe. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> were measured with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and an electronic nose. We found that the diagnostic capability of the electronic nose does not depend on the presence of cancer in the <span class="hlt">sampled</span> lung, reaching in both cases an above 90% correct classification rate between cancer and non-cancer <span class="hlt">samples</span>. On the other hand, multivariate analysis of GC-MS achieved a correct classification rate between the two lungs of only 76%. GC-MS analysis of breath and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampled</span> from the lungs demonstrates a substantial preservation of the VOCs pattern from inside the lung to the exhaled breath.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3245801','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3245801"><span>Comparison of Lichen, Conifer Needles, Passive <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Devices, and Snowpack as Passive <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Media to Measure Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Remote Atmospheres</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>SCHRLAU, JILL E.; GEISER, LINDA; HAGEMAN, KIMBERLY J.; LANDERS, DIXON H.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>A wide range of semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs), including pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were measured in lichen, conifer needles, snowpack and XAD-based passive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices (PASDs) collected from 19 different U.S. national parks in order to compare the magnitude and mechanism of SOC accumulation in the different passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> media. Lichen accumulated the highest SOC concentrations, in part because of its long (and unknown) exposure period, while PASDs accumulated the lowest concentrations. However, only the PASD SOC concentrations can be used to calculate an average atmospheric gas-phase SOC concentration because the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates are known and the media is uniform. Only the lichen and snowpack SOC accumulation profiles were statistically significantly correlated (r = 0.552, p-value <0.0001) because they both accumulate SOCs present in the atmospheric particle-phase. This suggests that needles and PASDs represent a different composition of the atmosphere than lichen and snowpack and that the interpretation of atmospheric SOC composition is dependent on the type of passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> media used. All four passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> media preferentially accumulated SOCs with relatively low <span class="hlt">air</span>-water partition coefficients, while snowpack accumulated SOCs with higher log KOA values compared to the other media. Lichen accumulated more SOCs with log KOA > 10 relative to needles and showed a greater accumulation of particle-phase PAHs. PMID:22087860</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344914','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344914"><span>Theme and variations: amphibious <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing intertidal fishes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Martin, K L</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Over 70 species of intertidal fishes from 12 families breathe <span class="hlt">air</span> while emerging from water. Amphibious intertidal fishes generally have no specialized <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing organ but rely on vascularized mucosae and cutaneous surfaces in <span class="hlt">air</span> to exchange both oxygen and carbon dioxide. They differ from <span class="hlt">air</span>-breathing freshwater fishes in morphology, physiology, ecology and behaviour. <span class="hlt">Air</span> breathing and terrestrial activity are present to varying degrees in intertidal fish species, correlated with the tidal height of their habitat. The gradient of amphibious lifestyle includes passive remainers that stay in the intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span> as tides ebb, active emergers that deliberately leave water in response to poor aquatic conditions and highly mobile amphibious skipper fishes that may spend more time out of water than in it. Normal terrestrial activity is usually aerobic and metabolic rates in <span class="hlt">air</span> and water are similar. Anaerobic metabolism may be employed during forced exercise or when exposed to aquatic hypoxia. Adaptations for amphibious life include reductions in gill surface area, increased reliance on the skin for respiration and ion exchange, high affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen and adjustments to ventilation and metabolism while in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Intertidal fishes remain close to water and do not travel far terrestrially, and are unlikely to migrate or colonize new habitats at present, although in the past this may have happened. Many fish species spawn in the intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span>, including some that do not breathe <span class="hlt">air</span>, as eggs and embryos that develop in the intertidal <span class="hlt">zone</span> benefit from tidal <span class="hlt">air</span> emergence. With <span class="hlt">air</span> breathing, amphibious intertidal fishes survive in a variable habitat with minimal adjustments to existing structures. Closely related species in different microhabitats provide unique opportunities for comparative studies. © 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5606674','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5606674"><span>Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Potential of <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Samples</span> from Occupational Settings with Exposure to Organic Dust</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Viegas, Susana; Caetano, Liliana Aranha; Korkalainen, Merja; Faria, Tiago; Pacífico, Cátia; Carolino, Elisabete; Quintal Gomes, Anita; Viegas, Carla</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Organic dust and related microbial exposures are the main inducers of several respiratory symptoms. Occupational exposure to organic dust is very common and has been reported in diverse settings. In vitro tests using relevant cell cultures can be very useful for characterizing the toxicity of complex mixtures present in the <span class="hlt">air</span> of occupational environments such as organic dust. In this study, the cell viability and the inflammatory response, as measured by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), were determined in human macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytic cells. These cells were exposed to <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from five occupational settings known to possess high levels of contamination of organic dust: poultry and swine feed industries, waste sorting, poultry production and slaughterhouses. Additionally, fungi and particle contamination of those settings was studied to better characterize the organic dust composition. All <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from the assessed workplaces caused both cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects. The highest responses were observed in the feed industry, particularly in swine feed production. This study emphasizes the importance of measuring the organic dust/mixture effects in occupational settings and suggests that differences in the organic dust content may result in differences in health effects for exposed workers. PMID:29051440</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872797','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/872797"><span>Personal continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Morgan, Ronald G.; Salazar, Samuel A.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A personal continuous <span class="hlt">air</span> monitor capable of giving immediate warning of the presence of radioactivity has a filter/detector head to be worn in the breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> of a user, containing a filter mounted adjacent to radiation detectors, and a preamplifier. The filter/detector head is connected to a belt pack to be worn at the waist or on the back of a user. The belt pack contains a signal processor, batteries, a multichannel analyzer, a logic circuit, and an alarm. An <span class="hlt">air</span> pump also is provided in the belt pack for pulling <span class="hlt">air</span> through the filter/detector head by way of an <span class="hlt">air</span> tube.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188024','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70188024"><span>Steady state fractionation of heavy noble gas isotopes in a deep unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Seltzer, Alan M.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Andraski, Brian J.; Stonestrom, David A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>To explore steady state fractionation processes in the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> (UZ), we measured argon, krypton, and xenon isotope ratios throughout a ∼110 m deep UZ at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in Nevada, USA. Prior work has suggested that gravitational settling should create a nearly linear increase in heavy-to-light isotope ratios toward the bottom of stagnant <span class="hlt">air</span> columns in porous media. Our high-precision measurements revealed a binary mixture between (1) expected steady state isotopic compositions and (2) unfractionated atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span>. We hypothesize that the presence of an unsealed pipe connecting the surface to the water table allowed for direct inflow of surface <span class="hlt">air</span> in response to extensive UZ gas <span class="hlt">sampling</span> prior to our first (2015) measurements. Observed isotopic resettling in deep UZ <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected a year later, after sealing the pipe, supports this interpretation. Data and modeling each suggest that the strong influence of gravitational settling and weaker influences of thermal diffusion and fluxes of CO2 and water vapor accurately describe steady state isotopic fractionation of argon, krypton, and xenon within the UZ. The data confirm that heavy noble gas isotopes are sensitive indicators of UZ depth. Based on this finding, we outline a potential inverse approach to quantify past water table depths from noble gas isotope measurements in paleogroundwater, after accounting for fractionation during dissolution of UZ <span class="hlt">air</span> and bubbles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/us-epa-base-study-standard-operating-procedure-sampling-and-characterization','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/us-epa-base-study-standard-operating-procedure-sampling-and-characterization"><span>US EPA Base Study Standard Operating Procedure for <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and Characterization of Viable and Non-Viable Bioaerosols in Indoor <span class="hlt">Air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The objective of the procedure is to collect a representative <span class="hlt">sample</span> concentration of total airborne fungal spores (viable and non-viable) that may be present in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> and in the outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> supplied to the space tested.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GGG....16.2364B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GGG....16.2364B"><span>Mantle helium along the Newport-Inglewood fault <span class="hlt">zone</span>, Los Angeles basin, California: A leaking paleo-subduction <span class="hlt">zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Boles, J. R.; Garven, G.; Camacho, H.; Lupton, J. E.</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Mantle helium is a significant component of the helium gas from deep oil wells along the Newport-Inglewood fault <span class="hlt">zone</span> (NIFZ) in the Los Angeles (LA) basin. Helium isotope ratios are as high as 5.3 Ra (Ra = 3He/4He ratio of <span class="hlt">air</span>) indicating 66% mantle contribution (assuming R/Ra = 8 for mantle), and most values are higher than 1.0 Ra. Other <span class="hlt">samples</span> from basin margin faults and from within the basin have much lower values (R/Ra < 1.0). The 3He enrichment inversely correlates with CO2, a potential magmatic carrier gas. The δ13C of the CO2 in the 3He rich <span class="hlt">samples</span> is between 0 and -10‰, suggesting a mantle influence. The strong mantle helium signal along the NIFZ is surprising considering that the fault is currently in a transpressional rather than extensional stress regime, lacks either recent magma emplacement or high geothermal gradients, and is modeled as truncated by a proposed major, potentially seismically active, décollement beneath the LA basin. Our results demonstrate that the NIFZ is a deep-seated fault directly or indirectly connected with the mantle. Based on a 1-D model, we calculate a maximum Darcy flow rate q ˜ 2.2 cm/yr and a fault permeability k ˜ 6 × 10-17 m2 (60 microdarcys), but the flow rates are too low to create a geothermal anomaly. The mantle leakage may be a result of the NIFZ being a former Mesozoic subduction <span class="hlt">zone</span> in spite of being located 70 km west of the current plate boundary at the San Andreas fault.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Ocgy...57..817I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Ocgy...57..817I"><span>Biogeographic <span class="hlt">Zoning</span> of Russia's Far Eastern Seas and Adjacent Waters Based on Nekton Trawling <span class="hlt">Samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivanov, O. A.; Sukhanov, V. V.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The article presents the results of biogeographic <span class="hlt">zoning</span> of the epi- and mesopelagic region based on nekton areas using a new modification of the Shorygin method. It is shown that the position and boundaries of biogeographic areas are related to real relatively stable elements of the biotope (water masses, currents, frontal <span class="hlt">zones</span>, eddies, and rings). A pronounced latitudinal pattern of the areas of natural <span class="hlt">zones</span> is not always seen. <span class="hlt">Zoning</span> becomes less detailed from the top layer of the epipelagic to mesopelagic region, and the zonalities of mesopelagic and epipelagic areas are not similar. We propose a new <span class="hlt">zoning</span> approach to solve dynamic biogeography problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PhDT.......137K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PhDT.......137K"><span>Aerosol <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> with Low Wind Sensitivity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kalatoor, Suresh</p> <p></p> <p>Occupational exposure to airborne particles is generally evaluated by wearing a personal sampler that collects aerosol particles from the worker's breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> during the work cycle. The overall <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency of most currently available samplers is sensitive to wind velocity and direction. In addition, most samplers have internal losses due to gravitational settling, electrostatic interactions, and internal turbulence. A new <span class="hlt">sampling</span> technique has been developed, theoretically and experimentally evaluated, and compared to existing techniques. The overall <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency of the protoype sampler was compared to that of a commonly used sampler, 25 mm closed-face cassette. Uranine was used as the challange aerosol with particle physical diameters 13.5, 20 and 30 mum. The wind velocity ranged from 100 to 300 cm s^ {-1}. It was found to have less internal losses and less dependence on wind velocity and direction. It also yielded better uniformity in the distribution of large particles on the filter surface, an advantage for several types of analysis. A new general equation for sharp-edged inlets was developed that predicts the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency of sharp-edged (or thin-walled) inlets in most occupational environments that are weakly disturbed with <span class="hlt">air</span> motions that cannot be strictly classified as calm-<span class="hlt">air</span> or fast -moving <span class="hlt">air</span>. Computational analysis was carried out using the new general equation and was applied to situations when the wind velocity vector is not steady, but fluctuates around predominant average values of its magnitude and orientation. Two <span class="hlt">sampling</span> environments, horizontal aerosol flow (ambient atmosphere) and vertical aerosol flow (industrial stacks) have been considered. It was found, that even for small fluctuations in wind direction the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency may be significantly less than that obtained for the mean wind direction. Time variations in wind magnitude at a fixed wind direction were found to affect the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency to a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11414520','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11414520"><span>Development of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analytical methods for concerted determination of commonly used chloroacetanilide, chlorotriazine, and 2,4-D herbicides in hand-wash, dermal-patch, and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tucker, S P; Reynolds, J M; Wickman, D C; Hines, C J; Perkins, J B</p> <p>2001-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and analytical methods were developed for commonly used chloroacetanilide, chlorotriazine, and 2,4-D herbicides in hand washes, on dermal patches, and in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Eight herbicides selected for study were alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), metolachlor, simazine, and two esters of 2,4-D, the 2-butoxyethyl ester (2,4-D, BE) and the 2-ethylhexyl ester (2,4-D, EH). The hand-wash method consisted of shaking the worker's hand in 150 mL of isopropanol in a polyethylene bag for 30 seconds. The dermal-patch method entailed attaching a 10-cm x 10-cm x 0.6-cm polyurethane foam (PUF) patch to the worker for exposure; recovery of the herbicides was achieved by extraction with 40 mL of isopropanol. The <span class="hlt">air</span> method involved <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with an OVS-2 tube (which contained an 11-mm quartz fiber filter and two beds of XAD-2 resin) and recovery with 2 mL of 10:90 methanol:methyl t-butyl ether. Analysis of each of the three <span class="hlt">sample</span> types was performed by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. Diazomethane in solution was employed to convert 2,4-D as the free acid to the methyl ester in each of the three methods for ease of gas chromatography. Silicic acid was added to <span class="hlt">sample</span> solutions to quench excess diazomethane. Limits of detection for all eight herbicides were matrix-dependent and, generally, less than 1 microgram per <span class="hlt">sample</span> for each matrix. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and analytical methods met NIOSH evaluation criteria for all herbicides in hand-wash <span class="hlt">samples</span>, for seven herbicides in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> (all herbicides except cyanazine), and for six herbicides in dermal-patch <span class="hlt">samples</span> (all herbicides except cyanazine and 2,4-D). Speciation of 2,4-D esters and simultaneous determination of 2,4-D acid were possible without losses of the esters or of other herbicides (acetanilides and triazines) being determined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389353','SCIGOV-DOEDE'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389353"><span>Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the Atmospheric Environment Service <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Network (1975 and 1994)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/dataexplorer">DOE Data Explorer</a></p> <p>Trivett, N. B.A. [Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; Hudec, V. C. [Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; Wong, C. S. [Marine Carbon Research Centre, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>From the mid-1970s through the mid-1990s, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected for the purposes of monitoring atmospheric CO2 from four sites in the AES <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> network. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected approximately once per week, between 12:00 and 16:00 local time, in a pair of evacuated 2-L thick-wall borosilicate glass flasks. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> were collected under preferred conditions of wind speed and direction (i.e., upwind of the main station and when winds are strong and steady). The flasks were evacuated to pressures of ~1 × 10-4 mbar or 0.01 Pa prior to being sent to the stations. The airwas not dried during <span class="hlt">sample</span> collection. The flask data from Alert show an increase in the annual atmospheric CO2 concentration from 341.35 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1981 to 357.21 ppmv in 1991. For Cape St. James, Trivett and Higuchi (1989) reported that the mean annual rate of increase, obtained from the slope of a least-squares regression line through the annual averages, was 1.43 ppmv per year. In August 1992, the weather station at Cape St. James was automated; as a result, the flask <span class="hlt">sampling</span> program was discontinued at this site. Estevan Point, on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, was chosen as a replacement station. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> at Estevan Point started in 1992; thus, the monthly and annual CO2record from Estevan Point is too short to show any long-term trends. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site at Sable Island, off the coast of Nova Scotia, was established in 1975. The flask data from Sable Island show an increase in the annual atmospheric CO2 concentration from 334.49 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in 1977 (the first full year of data) to 356.02 ppmv in 1990. For Sable Island, Trivett and Higuchi (1989) reported that the mean annual rate of increase, obtained from the slope of a least-squares regression line through the annual averages, was 1.48 ppmv per year.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMOS51B1988M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMOS51B1988M"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Depth on <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Sea CO2 Flux Estimates in River-Stratified Arctic Coastal Waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Miller, L. A.; Papakyriakou, T. N.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>In summer-time Arctic coastal waters that are strongly influenced by river run-off, extreme stratification severely limits wind mixing, making it difficult to effectively <span class="hlt">sample</span> the surface 'mixed layer', which can be as shallow as 1 m, from a ship. During two expeditions in southwestern Hudson Bay, off the Nelson, Hayes, and Churchill River estuaries, we confirmed that <span class="hlt">sampling</span> depth has a strong impact on estimates of 'surface' pCO2 and calculated <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea CO2 fluxes. We determined pCO2 in <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from 5 m, using a typical underway system on the ship's seawater supply; from the 'surface' rosette bottle, which was generally between 1 and 3 m; and using a niskin bottle deployed at 1 m and just below the surface from a small boat away from the ship. Our <span class="hlt">samples</span> confirmed that the error in pCO2 derived from typical ship-board versus small-boat <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at a single station could be nearly 90 μatm, leading to errors in the calculated <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea CO2 flux of more than 0.1 mmol/(m2s). Attempting to extrapolate such fluxes over the 6,000,000 km2 area of the Arctic shelves would generate an error approaching a gigamol CO2/s. Averaging the station data over a cruise still resulted in an error of nearly 50% in the total flux estimate. Our results have implications not only for the design and execution of expedition-based <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, but also for placement of in-situ sensors. Particularly in polar waters, sensors are usually deployed on moorings, well below the surface, to avoid damage and destruction from drifting ice. However, to obtain accurate information on <span class="hlt">air</span>-sea fluxes in these areas, it is necessary to deploy sensors on ice-capable buoys that can position the sensors in true 'surface' waters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138124','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138124"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods to evaluate microbial contamination in operating theatres: results of a comparative study in an orthopaedics department.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Napoli, C; Tafuri, S; Montenegro, L; Cassano, M; Notarnicola, A; Lattarulo, S; Montagna, M T; Moretti, B</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>To evaluate the level of microbial contamination of <span class="hlt">air</span> in operating theatres using active [i.e. surface <span class="hlt">air</span> system (SAS)] and passive [i.e. index of microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination (IMA) and nitrocellulose membranes positioned near the wound] <span class="hlt">sampling</span> systems. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> was performed between January 2010 and January 2011 in the operating theatre of the orthopaedics department in a university hospital in Southern Italy. During surgery, the mean bacterial loads recorded were 2232.9 colony-forming units (cfu)/m(2)/h with the IMA method, 123.2 cfu/m(3) with the SAS method and 2768.2 cfu/m(2)/h with the nitrocellulose membranes. Correlation was found between the results of the three methods. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 12 of 60 operations (20%) with the membranes, five (8.3%) operations with the SAS method, and three operations (5%) with the IMA method. Use of nitrocellulose membranes placed near a wound is a valid method for measuring the microbial contamination of <span class="hlt">air</span>. This method was more sensitive than the IMA method and was not subject to any calibration bias, unlike active <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring systems. Copyright © 2011 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E3SWC..2200041E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E3SWC..2200041E"><span>CO2 concentration and occupancy density in the critical <span class="hlt">zones</span> served by the VAV system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Etoua Evina, Ghislaine; Kajl, Stanislaw; Lamarche, Louis; Beltran-Galindo, Javier</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>This article presents the results obtained from monitoring a VAV system with highly diversified <span class="hlt">zone</span> occupancy density are presented in the article. The investigated VAV system meets the load for 72 <span class="hlt">zones</span> (68 perimeters and 4 interiors) consisting of classrooms, offices, conference rooms, etc. with highly diversified occupancy densities from 1.875 to 2.5 m2/person for the classrooms and from 10 to 15 m2/person for the offices. The monitoring shows that the CO2 concentration can exceed the set point in the critical rooms. Simulation results are also presented in the article to show that it is often impossible to adjust the operation of such VAV systems because the adjusted System Outdoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Fractions, % OA, can reach 100% even where the <span class="hlt">zone</span> CO2 concentration is not respected. The presented monitoring and simulation results were obtained in the winter, with the VAV system operating at partial load and with the minimum outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> flowrate required by the economizer system. As shown in the article, to respect the <span class="hlt">zone</span> set point CO2 concentration in such period, the VAV system must operate mostly at a %OA equal to 100% instead of its minimum value. To circumvent this, the supply <span class="hlt">zone</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> flow rate may have to be designed taking into account the CO2 concentration resulting from the critical <span class="hlt">zones</span> occupancy density.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010114458','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010114458"><span>Whole <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> During NASA's March-April 1999 Pacific Exploratory Expedition (PEM-Tropics B)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Blake, Donald R.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>University of California, Irvine (UCI) collected more than 4500 <span class="hlt">samples</span> whole <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected over the remote Pacific Ocean during NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) in March and early April 1999. Approximately 140 <span class="hlt">samples</span> during a typical 8-hour DC-8 flight, and 120 canisters for each 8-hour flight aboard the P-3B. These <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained roughly every 3-7 min during horizontal flight legs and 1-3 min during vertical legs. The filled canisters were analyzed in the laboratory at UCI within ten days of collection. The mixing ratios of 58 trace gases comprising hydrocarbons, halocarbons, alkyl nitrates and DMS were reported (and archived) for each <span class="hlt">sample</span>. Two identical analytical systems sharing the same standards were operated simultaneously around the clock to improve canister turn-around time and to keep our measurement precision optimal. This report presents a summary of the results for <span class="hlt">sample</span> collected.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-1360.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-1360.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.1360 - Pacific Ocean at Barber's Point, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>..., Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. 334.1360 Section 334.1360 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF....1360 Pacific Ocean at Barber's Point, Island of Oahu, Hawaii; danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The... shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station, Barber's Point, Hawaii, 96862, and such...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA622469','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA622469"><span>Range Environmental Assessment Overland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Operations, Eglin <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Florida</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-11-12</p> <p>Level AICUZ <span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zones</span> ALANG Alabama <span class="hlt">Air</span> National Guard ALARNG Alabama Army National Guard ASC Aeronautical Systems Center...7th Special Forces Group (Airborne) (7 SFG): x 2 − Alabama <span class="hlt">Air</span> National Guard ( ALANG ): x 2 − Other Units: x 2 − 53rd Wing (53 WG): x 1.5...N&P 3 6 CH47 CH-47D 2 4 C23 HS748 1 2 U28A JPATS 2 4 CASA212 HS748 1 2 ALANG UH60 UH60A 4 8 Total for R-2915A 7575 14293 R-2915B AFSOC A10 A</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7610M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7610M"><span>Circumventing shallow <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination in Mid Ocean Ridge Basalts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy; Parai, Rita; Tucker, Jonathan; Middleton, Jennifer; Langmuir, Charles</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Noble gases in mantle-derived basalts provide a rich portrait of mantle degassing and surface-interior volatile exchange. However, the ubiquity of shallow-level <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination frequently obscures the mantle noble gas signal. In a majority of <span class="hlt">samples</span>, shallow <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination dominates the noble gas budget. As a result, reconstructing the variability in heavy noble gas mantle source compositions and inferring the history of deep recycling of atmospheric noble gases is difficult. For example, in the gas-rich popping rock 2ΠD43, 129Xe/130Xe ratios reach 7.7±0.23 in individual step-crushes, but the bulk composition of the <span class="hlt">sample</span> is close to <span class="hlt">air</span> (129Xe/130Xe of 6.7). Here, we present results from experiments designed to elucidate the source of shallow <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination in MORBs. Step-crushes were carried out to measure He, Ne, Ar and Xe isotopic compositions on two aliquots of a depleted popping glass that was dredged from between the Kane and Atlantis Fracture <span class="hlt">Zones</span> of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in May 2012. One aliquot was sealed in ultrapure N2 after dredge retrieval, while the other aliquot was left exposed to <span class="hlt">air</span> for 3.5 years. The bulk 20Ne/22Ne and 129Xe/130Xe ratios measured in the aliquot bottled in ultrapure N2 are 12.3 and 7.6, respectively, and are nearly identical to the estimated mantle source values. On the other hand, step crushes in the aliquot left exposed to <span class="hlt">air</span> for several years show Ne isotopic compositions that are shifted towards <span class="hlt">air</span>, with a bulk 20Ne/22Ne of 11.5; the bulk 129Xe/130Xe, however, was close to 7.6. These results indicate that lighter noble gases exchange more efficiently between the bubbles trapped in basalt glass and <span class="hlt">air</span>, suggesting a diffusive or kinetic mechanism for the incorporation of the shallow <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination. Importantly, in Ne-Ar or Ar-Xe space, step-crushes from the bottled aliquot display a trend that can be easily fit with a simple two-component hyperbolic mixing between mantle and atmosphere noble gases. Step</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900000549&hterms=venturi+effect+gas+pump&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dventuri%2Beffect%2Bgas%2Bpump','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900000549&hterms=venturi+effect+gas+pump&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dventuri%2Beffect%2Bgas%2Bpump"><span>Venturi <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Jet Vacuum Ejector For <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> <span class="hlt">Air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hill, Gerald F.; Sachse, Glen W.; Burney, L. Garland; Wade, Larry O.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>Venturi <span class="hlt">air</span>-jet vacuum ejector pump light in weight, requires no electrical power, does not contribute heat to aircraft, and provides high pumping speeds at moderate suctions. High-pressure motive gas required for this type of pump bled from compressor of aircraft engine with negligible effect on performance of engine. Used as source of vacuum for differential-absorption CO-measurement (DACOM), modified to achieve in situ measurements of CO at frequency response of 10 Hz. Provides improvement in spatial resolution and potentially leads to capability to measure turbulent flux of CO by use of eddy-correlation technique.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15279352','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15279352"><span>Microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in mass transport buses and work-related illness among bus drivers of Bangkok Mass Transit Authority.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luksamijarulkul, Pipat; Sundhiyodhin, Viboonsri; Luksamijarulkul, Soavalug; Kaewboonchoo, Orawan</p> <p>2004-06-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">air</span> quality in mass transport buses, especially <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses may affect bus drivers who work full time. Bus numbers 16, 63, 67 and 166 of the Seventh Bus <span class="hlt">Zone</span> of Bangkok Mass Transit Authority were randomly selected to investigate for microbial <span class="hlt">air</span> quality. Nine <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses and 2-4 open-<span class="hlt">air</span> buses for each number of the bus (36 <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses and 12 open-<span class="hlt">air</span> buses) were included. Five points of in-bus <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in each studied bus were collected by using the Millipore A ir Tester Totally, 180 and 60 <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses and open-<span class="hlt">air</span> buses were cultured for bacterial and fungal counts. The bus drivers who drove the studied buses were interviewed towards histories of work-related illness while working. The results revealed that the mean +/- SD of bacterial counts in the studied open-<span class="hlt">air</span> buses ranged from 358.50 +/- 146.66 CFU/m3 to 506 +/- 137.62 CFU/m3; bus number 16 had the highest level. As well as the mean +/- SD of fungal counts which ranged from 93.33 +/- 44.83 CFU/m3 to 302 +/- 294.65 CFU/m3; bus number 166 had the highest level. Whereas, the mean +/- SD of bacterial counts in the studied <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses ranged from 115.24 +/- 136.01 CFU/m3 to 244.69 +/- 234.85 CFU/m3; bus numbers 16 and 67 had the highest level. As well as the mean +/- SD of fungal counts which rangedfrom 18.84 +/- 39.42 CFU/m3 to 96.13 +/- 234.76 CFU/m3; bus number 166 had the highest level. When 180 and 60 studied <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were analyzed in detail, it was found that 33.33% of the <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from open-<span class="hlt">air</span> buses and 6.11% of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses had a high level of bacterial counts (> 500 CFU/m3) while 6.67% of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from open-<span class="hlt">air</span> buses and 2.78% of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned buses had a high level of fungal counts (> 500 CFU/m3). Data from the history of work-related illnesses among the studied bus drivers showed that 91.67% of open-<span class="hlt">air</span> bus drivers and 57.28% of <span class="hlt">air</span>-conditioned bus drivers had</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A41A2248P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A41A2248P"><span>An Improved Extraction and Analysis Technique for Determination of Carbon Monoxide Stable Isotopes and Mixing Ratios from Ice Core and Atmospheric <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Place, P., Jr.; Petrenko, V. V.; Vimont, I.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Carbon Monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric trace gas that affects the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and contributes indirectly to anthropogenic radiative forcing. Carbon monoxide stable isotopes can also serve as a tracer for variations in biomass burning, particularly in the preindustrial atmosphere. A good understanding of the past variations in CO mole fractions and isotopic composition can help improve the skill of chemical transport models and constrain biomass burning changes. Ice cores may preserve a record of past atmospheric CO for analysis and interpretation. To this end, a new extraction system has been developed for analysis of stable isotopes (δ13CO and δC18O) of atmospheric carbon monoxide from ice core and atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>. This system has been designed to measure relatively small <span class="hlt">sample</span> sizes (80 cc STP of <span class="hlt">air</span>) to accommodate the limited availability of ice core <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Trapped <span class="hlt">air</span> is extracted from ice core <span class="hlt">samples</span> via melting in a glass vacuum chamber. This <span class="hlt">air</span> is expanded into a glass expansion loop and then compressed into the <span class="hlt">sample</span> loop of a Reducing Gas Detector (Peak Laboratories, Peak Performer 1 RCP) for the CO mole fraction measurement. The remaining <span class="hlt">sample</span> gas will be expelled from the melt vessel into a larger expansion loop via headspace compression for isotopic analysis. The headspace compression will be accomplished by introduction of clean degassed water into the bottom of the melt vessel. Isotopic analysis of the <span class="hlt">sample</span> gas is done utilizing the Schütze Reagent to convert the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO2) which is then measured using continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Elementar Americas, IsoPrime 100). A series of cryogenic traps are used to purify the <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>, capture the converted <span class="hlt">sample</span> CO2, and cryofocus the <span class="hlt">sample</span> CO2 prior to injection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.B53A0535H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.B53A0535H"><span>Analysis of the NASA <span class="hlt">Air</span>MOSS Root <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Soil Water and Soil Temperature from Three North American Ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hagimoto, Y.; Cuenca, R. H.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Root <span class="hlt">zone</span> soil water and temperature are controlling factors for soil organic matter accumulation and decomposition which contribute significantly to the CO2 flux of different ecosystems. An in-situ soil observation protocol developed at Oregon State University has been deployed to observe soil water and temperature dynamics in seven ecological research sites in North America as part of the NASA <span class="hlt">Air</span>MOSS project. Three instrumented profiles defining a transect of less than 200 m are installed at each site. All three profiles collect data for in-situ water and temperature dynamics employing seven soil water and temperature sensors installed at seven depth levels and one infrared surface temperature sensor monitoring the top of the profile. In addition, two soil heat flux plates and associated thermocouples are installed at one of three profiles at each site. At each profile, a small 80 cm deep access hole is typically made, and all below ground sensors are installed into undisturbed soil on the side of the hole. The hole is carefully refilled and compacted so that root <span class="hlt">zone</span> soil water and temperature dynamics can be observed with minimum site disturbance. This study focuses on the data collected from three sites: a) Tonzi Ranch, CA; b) Metolius, OR and c) BERMS Old Jack Pine Site, Saskatchewan, Canada. The study describes the significantly different seasonal root <span class="hlt">zone</span> water and temperature dynamics under the various physical and biological conditions at each site. In addition, this study compares the soil heat flux values estimated by the standard installation using the heat flux plates and thermocouples installed near the surface with those estimated by resolving the soil heat storage based on the soil water and temperature data collected over the total soil profile.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580904','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580904"><span>Fractography evolution in accelerated aging of UHMWPE after gamma irradiation in <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Medel, F; Gómez-Barrena, E; García-Alvarez, F; Ríos, R; Gracia-Villa, L; Puértolas, J A</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>We studied the fracture surface evolution of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) specimens, manufactured from GUR 1050 compression moulded sheets, after gamma sterilisation in <span class="hlt">air</span> followed by different aging times after thermal treatment at 120 degrees C. Degradation profiles were obtained by FTIR and DSC measurements after 0, 7, 14, 24 and 36h aging. We observed by SEM the morphology patterns at these aging times, in surface fractographies after uniaxial tensile test of standardised <span class="hlt">samples</span>. The results pointed out clear differences between short and long aging times. At shorter times, 7h, the behaviour was similar to non-degraded UHMWPE, exhibiting ductile behaviour. At longer times, 24-36h, this thermal protocol provided a highly degraded <span class="hlt">zone</span> in the subsurface, similar to the white band found after gamma irradiation in <span class="hlt">air</span> followed by natural aging, although closer to the surface, at 150-200mum. The microstructure of this oxidation <span class="hlt">zone</span>, similarly found in gamma irradiated <span class="hlt">samples</span> shelf-aged for 6-7 years, although with different distribution of microvoids, was formed by fibrils, associated with embrittlement of the oxidised UHMWPE. In addition, the evolution of the oxidation index, the enthalpy content, the mechanical parameters, and the depth of the oxidation front deduced from the fractographies versus aging time showed that a changing behaviour in the degradation rate appeared at intermediate aging times.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576042','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576042"><span>Determination of trichloroanisole and trichlorophenol in wineries' ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> by passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and thermal desorption-gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Camino-Sánchez, F J; Bermúdez-Peinado, R; Zafra-Gómez, A; Ruíz-García, J; Vílchez-Quero, J L</p> <p>2015-02-06</p> <p>The present paper describes the calibration of selected passive samplers used in the quantitation of trichlorophenol and trichloroanisole in wineries' ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>, by calculating the corresponding <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates. The method is based on passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> with sorbent tubes and involves thermal desorption-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis. Three commercially available sorbents were tested using <span class="hlt">sampling</span> cartridges with a radial design instead of axial ones. The best results were found for Tenax TA™. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> rates (R-values) for the selected sorbents were determined. Passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> was also used for accurately determining the amount of compounds present in the <span class="hlt">air</span>. Adequate correlation coefficients between the mass of the target analytes and exposure time were obtained. The proposed validated method is a useful tool for the early detection of trichloroanisole and its precursor trichlorophenol in wineries' ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> while avoiding contamination of wine or winery facilities. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AtmEn..38.4761B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AtmEn..38.4761B"><span>Exposure risk to carcinogenic PAHs in indoor-<span class="hlt">air</span> during biomass combustion whilst cooking in rural India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bhargava, Anuj; Khanna, R. N.; Bhargava, S. K.; Kumar, Sushil</p> <p></p> <p>In India, a vast majority of rural household burns unprocessed biomass, as an energy source, to cook food. The biomass is burnt indoors in conventionally homemade clay-stoves, called 'Chulha', which results in the generation of a variety of airborne products along with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an uncontrolled manner. We report here the concentrations and profile of carcinogenic PAHs, co-<span class="hlt">sampled</span> with respirable suspended particulate matter, in rural indoors during burning of biomass vis-à-vis liquified petroleum gas as the energy source. There is a limited data on the subject in the literature. The seasonal variation has also been studied. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> was done in breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> and in surrounding areas concurrent with cooking on chulha. PAHs were extracted in methylene chloride and analyzed over HPLC after column clean up on silica gel. Our study revealed that the concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs were fairly high in breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> and in surrounding areas while cooking over chulha in rural India. PAHs concentrations increased substantially during biomass combustion. Concentrations were high during CDC combustion and low during LPG combustion or the non-cooking period. This trend was conserved in both the seasons. Concentrations of total PAHs were greater in winter as compared to summer and greatest in the breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Di-benz( a,h)anthracene, benzo( k)-fluoranthene and chrysene contributed maximum. Benzo( a)pyrene contributed moderately. Maximum concentrations of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> benzo( a)pyrene (>1.5 μg/m 3) were found in breathing <span class="hlt">zone</span> in winter. The daily exposure to high concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> environment while cooking food could be impacting for chronic pulmonary illnesses in rural Indian women.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128815&keyword=geology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128815&keyword=geology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBON VAPORS IN THE UNSATURATED <span class="hlt">ZONE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The time-averaged concentration of hydrocarbon and oxygen vapors were measured in the unsaturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> above the residually contaminated capillary fringe at the U.S. Coast Guard <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station in Traverse City, Michigan. Total hydrocarbon and oxygen vapor concentrations were observe...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22800813','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22800813"><span>Direct measurements of <span class="hlt">sample</span> heating by a laser-induced <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma in pre-ablation spark dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Register, Janna; Scaffidi, Jonathan; Angel, S Michael</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>Direct measurements of temperature changes were made using small thermocouples (TC), placed near a laser-induced <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma. Temperature changes up to ~500 °C were observed. From the measured temperature changes, estimates were made of the amount of heat absorbed per unit area. This allowed calculations to be made of the surface temperature, as a function of time, of a <span class="hlt">sample</span> heated by the <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma that is generated during orthogonal pre-ablation spark dual-pulse (DP) LIBS measurements. In separate experiments, single-pulse (SP) LIBS emission and <span class="hlt">sample</span> ablation rate measurements were performed on nickel at <span class="hlt">sample</span> temperatures ranging from room temperature to the maximum surface temperature that was calculated using the TC measurement results (500 °C). A small, but real <span class="hlt">sample</span> temperature-dependent increase in both SP LIBS emission and the rate of <span class="hlt">sample</span> ablation was found for nickel <span class="hlt">samples</span> heated up to 500 °C. Comparison of DP LIBS emission enhancement values for bulk nickel <span class="hlt">samples</span> at room temperature versus the enhanced SP LIBS emission and <span class="hlt">sample</span> ablation rates observed as a function of increasing <span class="hlt">sample</span> temperature suggests that <span class="hlt">sample</span> heating by the laser-induced <span class="hlt">air</span> plasma plays only a minor role in DP LIBS emission enhancement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24328542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24328542"><span>A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for measurement of organophosphorus pesticides and their oxygen analogs in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Armstrong, Jenna L; Dills, Russell L; Yu, Jianbo; Yost, Michael G; Fenske, Richard A</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for determination of levels of the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides chlorpyrifos (CPF), azinphos methyl (AZM), and their oxygen analogs chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-O) and azinphos methyl-oxon (AZM-O) on common active <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrices. XAD-2 resin and polyurethane foam (PUF) matrices were extracted with acetonitrile containing stable-isotope labeled internal standards (ISTD). Analysis was accomplished in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode, and analytes in unknown <span class="hlt">samples</span> were identified by retention time (±0.1 min) and qualifier ratio (±30% absolute) as compared to the mean of calibrants. For all compounds, calibration linearity correlation coefficients were ≥0.996. Limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.15-1.1 ng/<span class="hlt">sample</span> for CPF, CPF-O, AZM, and AZM-O on active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrices. Spiked fortification recoveries were 78-113% from XAD-2 active <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> tubes and 71-108% from PUF active <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> tubes. Storage stability tests also yielded recoveries ranging from 74-94% after time periods ranging from 2-10 months. The results demonstrate that LC-MS/MS is a sensitive method for determining these compounds from two different matrices at the low concentrations that can result from spray drift and long range transport in non-target areas following agricultural applications. In an inter-laboratory comparison, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for LC-MS/MS was 100 times lower than a typical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/59548-petrology-geochemistry-samples-from-bed-contact-zones-tunnel-bed-u12g-tunnel-nevada-test-site','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/59548-petrology-geochemistry-samples-from-bed-contact-zones-tunnel-bed-u12g-tunnel-nevada-test-site"><span>Petrology and geochemistry of <span class="hlt">samples</span> from bed-contact <span class="hlt">zones</span> in Tunnel Bed 5, U12g-Tunnel, Nevada Test Site</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Connolly, J.R.; Keil, K.; Mansker, W.L.</p> <p>1984-10-01</p> <p>This report summarizes the detailed geologic characterization of <span class="hlt">samples</span> of bed-contact <span class="hlt">zones</span> and surrounding nonwelded bedded tuffs, both within Tunnel Bed 5, that are exposed in the G-Tunnel complex beneath Rainier Mesa on the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Original planning studies treated the bed-contact <span class="hlt">zones</span> in Tunnel Bed 5 as simple planar surfaces of relatively high permeability. Detailed characterization, however, indicates that these <span class="hlt">zones</span> have a finite thickness, are depositional in origin, vary considerably over short vertical and horizontal distances, and are internally complex. Fluid flow in a sequence of nonwelded zeolitized ash-flow or bedded tuffs and thin intervening reworkedmore » <span class="hlt">zones</span> appears to be a porous-medium phenomenon, regardless of the presence of layering. There are no consistent differences in either bulk composition or detailed mineralogy between bedded tuffs and bed-contact <span class="hlt">zones</span> in Tunnel Bed 5. Although the original bulk composition of Tunnel Bed 5 was probably peralkaline, extensive zeolitization has resulted in a present peraluminous bulk composition of both bedded tuffs and bed-contact <span class="hlt">zones</span>. The major zeolite present, clinoptilolite, is intermediate (Ca:K:Na = 26:35:39) and effectively uniform in composition. This composition is similar to that of clinoptilolite from the tuffaceous beds of Calico Hills above the static water level in hole USW G-1, but somewhat different from that reported for zeolites from below the static water level in USW G-2. Tunnel Bed 5 also contains abundant hydrous manganese oxides. The similarity in composition of the clinoptilolites from Tunnel Bed 5 and those above the static water level at Yucca Mountain indicates that many of the results of nuclide-migration experiments in Tunnel Bed 5 would be transferrable to zeolitized nonwelded tuffs above the static water level at Yucca Mountain.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=62026&Lab=NERL&keyword=interest+AND+simple&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=62026&Lab=NERL&keyword=interest+AND+simple&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>NEW APPLICATION OF PASSIVE <span class="hlt">SAMPLING</span> DEVICES FOR ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES IN INDOOR <span class="hlt">AIR</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has long maintained an interest in potential applications of passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices (PSDs) for estimating the concentrations of various pollutants in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Typically PSDs were designed for the workplace monitoring of vola...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9662171','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9662171"><span>Counterbalancing hydrodynamic <span class="hlt">sample</span> distortion effects increases resolution of free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weber, G; Bauer, J</p> <p>1998-06-01</p> <p>On fractionation of highly heterogeneous protein mixtures, optimal resolution was achieved by forcing proteins to migrate through a preestablished pH gradient, until they entered a medium with a pH similar but not equal to their pIs. For this purpose, up to seven different media were pumped through the electrophoresis chamber so that they were flowing adjacently to each other, forming a pH gradient declining stepwise from the cathode to the anode. This gradient had a sufficiently strong band-focusing effect to counterbalance <span class="hlt">sample</span> distortion effects of the flowing medium as proteins approached their isoelectric medium closer than 0.5 pH units. Continuous free-flow <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis (FFZE) with high throughput capability was applicable if proteins did not precipitate or aggregate in these media. If components of heterogeneous protein mixtures had already started to precipitate or aggregate, in a medium with a pH exceeding their pI by more than 0.5 pH units, the application of interval modus and media forming flat pH gradients appeared advantageous.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..2801015J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..2801015J"><span>Determination of biomass burning tracers in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by GC/MS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Janoszka, Katarzyna</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Levoglucosan (LG) as a main cellulose burning product at 300°C is a biomass burning tracer. LG characterize by relatively high molar mass and it is sorbed by particulate matter. In the study of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution monitoring LG is mainly analyzed in particulate matter, PM1 and PM2,5. The tracer create relatively high O-H…O bond and weaker C-H…O bond. Due to the hydrogen bond, LG dissolves very well in water. Analytical procedure of LG determination include: extraction, derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. In water <span class="hlt">samples</span> levoglucosan is determined by liquid chromatography. The paper presents a methodology for particulate matter <span class="hlt">samples</span> determination their analysis by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector. Determination of LG content in particulate matter was performed according to an analytical method based on simultaneous pyridine extraction and derivatization using N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane mixture (BSTFA: TMCS, 99: 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4242F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.4242F"><span>Vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> studies at an industrial contaminated site: the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> monitoring system and cross-hole geophysics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fernandez de Vera, Natalia; Beaujean, Jean; Jamin, Pierre; Nguyen, Frédéric; Dahan, Ofer; Vanclooster, Marnik; Brouyère, Serge</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>In order to improve risk characterization and remediation measures for soil and groundwater contamination, there is a need to improve in situ vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> characterization. However, most available technologies have been developed in the context of agricultural soils. Such methodologies are not applicable at industrial sites, where soils and contamination differ in origin and composition. In addition, most technologies are applicable only in the first meters of soils, leaving deeper vadose <span class="hlt">zones</span> with lack of information, in particular on field scale heterogeneity. In order to overcome such difficulties, a vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> experiment has been setup at a former industrial site in Belgium. Industrial activities carried out on site left a legacy of soil and groundwater contamination in BTEX, PAH, cyanide and heavy metals. The experiment comprises the combination of two techniques: the Vadose <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Monitoring System (VMS) and cross-hole geophysics. The VMS allows continuous measurements of water content and temperature at different depths of the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>. In addition, it provides the possibility of pore water <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at different depths. The system is formed by a flexible sleeve containing monitoring units along its depth which is installed in a slanted borehole. The flexible sleeve contains three types of monitoring units in the vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>: Time Domain Transmissometry (TDT), which allows water content measurements; Vadose <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Ports (VSP), used for collecting water <span class="hlt">samples</span> coming from the matrix; the Fracture Samplers (FS), which are used for retrieving water <span class="hlt">samples</span> from the fractures. Cross-hole geophysics techniques consist in the injection of an electrical current using electrodes installed in vertical boreholes. From measured potential differences, detailed spatial patterns about electrical properties of the subsurface can be inferred. Such spatial patterns are related with subsurface heterogeneities, water content and solute concentrations. Two VMS were</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA104375','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA104375"><span>Stratospheric Trace Gas Composition Studies Utilizing in situ Cryogenic, Whole-<span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Methods.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1981-03-10</p> <p>C A FORSBERG, R V PIERI UNCLASSIFIED AFGL-TR-81-0071 NLEEEE..EEEEEEllllllu *Inaggol/numln ElhElhEEEEEEEI lllllllhhl , O \\ Stratospheric Trace Gas...GRANT NUJMBERr4; Charles A. Forsberg Robert V. Pieri , Capt., USAF Gerard A. Faucher B PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS IS. PROGRAM ELEMENT...launch site. 1 (Received for publication 10 March 1981) 1. Gallagher, C.(C., and Pieri , R. V. (1976) Cryogenic, Whole-<span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampl</span>1r and Program for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCHyd.210...42C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCHyd.210...42C"><span>Effect of increased groundwater viscosity on the remedial performance of surfactant-enhanced <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Choi, Jae-Kyeong; Kim, Heonki; Kwon, Hobin; Annable, Michael D.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The effect of groundwater viscosity control on the performance of surfactant-enhanced <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging (SEAS) was investigated using 1- and 2-dimensional (1-D and 2-D) bench-scale physical models. The viscosity of groundwater was controlled by a thickener, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), while an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), was used to control the surface tension of groundwater. When resident DI water was displaced with a SCMC solution (500 mg/L), a SDBS solution (200 mg/L), and a solution with both SCMC (500 mg/L) and SDBS (200 mg/L), the <span class="hlt">air</span> saturation for sand-packed columns achieved by <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging increased by 9.5%, 128%, and 154%, respectively, (compared to that of the DI water-saturated column). When the resident water contained SCMC, the minimum <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure necessary for <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging processes increased, which is considered to be responsible for the increased <span class="hlt">air</span> saturation. The extent of the sparging influence <span class="hlt">zone</span> achieved during the <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging process using the 2-D model was also affected by viscosity control. Larger sparging influence <span class="hlt">zones</span> (de-saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> due to <span class="hlt">air</span> injection) were observed for the <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging processes using the 2-D model initially saturated with high-viscosity solutions, than those without a thickener in the aqueous solution. The enhanced <span class="hlt">air</span> saturations using SCMC for the 1-D <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging experiment improved the degradative performance of gaseous oxidation agent (ozone) during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging, as measured by the disappearance of fluorescence (fluorescein sodium salt). Based on the experimental evidence generated in this study, the addition of a thickener in the aqueous solution prior to <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging increased the degree of <span class="hlt">air</span> saturation and the sparging influence <span class="hlt">zone</span>, and enhanced the remedial potential of SEAS for contaminated aquifers.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29502850','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29502850"><span>Effect of increased groundwater viscosity on the remedial performance of surfactant-enhanced <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choi, Jae-Kyeong; Kim, Heonki; Kwon, Hobin; Annable, Michael D</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The effect of groundwater viscosity control on the performance of surfactant-enhanced <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging (SEAS) was investigated using 1- and 2-dimensional (1-D and 2-D) bench-scale physical models. The viscosity of groundwater was controlled by a thickener, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), while an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), was used to control the surface tension of groundwater. When resident DI water was displaced with a SCMC solution (500 mg/L), a SDBS solution (200 mg/L), and a solution with both SCMC (500 mg/L) and SDBS (200 mg/L), the <span class="hlt">air</span> saturation for sand-packed columns achieved by <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging increased by 9.5%, 128%, and 154%, respectively, (compared to that of the DI water-saturated column). When the resident water contained SCMC, the minimum <span class="hlt">air</span> pressure necessary for <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging processes increased, which is considered to be responsible for the increased <span class="hlt">air</span> saturation. The extent of the sparging influence <span class="hlt">zone</span> achieved during the <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging process using the 2-D model was also affected by viscosity control. Larger sparging influence <span class="hlt">zones</span> (de-saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> due to <span class="hlt">air</span> injection) were observed for the <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging processes using the 2-D model initially saturated with high-viscosity solutions, than those without a thickener in the aqueous solution. The enhanced <span class="hlt">air</span> saturations using SCMC for the 1-D <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging experiment improved the degradative performance of gaseous oxidation agent (ozone) during <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging, as measured by the disappearance of fluorescence (fluorescein sodium salt). Based on the experimental evidence generated in this study, the addition of a thickener in the aqueous solution prior to <span class="hlt">air</span> sparging increased the degree of <span class="hlt">air</span> saturation and the sparging influence <span class="hlt">zone</span>, and enhanced the remedial potential of SEAS for contaminated aquifers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863380','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863380"><span>Isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Sehmel, George A.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>An isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler includes a filter, a holder for the filter, an <span class="hlt">air</span> pump for drawing <span class="hlt">air</span> through the filter at a fixed, predetermined rate, an inlet assembly for the sampler having an inlet opening therein of a size such that isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is obtained at a particular wind speed, a closure for the inlet opening and means for simultaneously opening the closure and turning on the <span class="hlt">air</span> pump when the wind speed is such that isokinetic <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> is obtained. A system incorporating a plurality of such samplers provided with <span class="hlt">air</span> pumps set to draw <span class="hlt">air</span> through the filter at the same fixed, predetermined rate and having different inlet opening sizes for use at different wind speeds is included within the ambit of the present invention as is a method of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> to measure airborne concentrations of particulate pollutants as a function of wind speed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116663','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116663"><span>Analytical method validation for the determination of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mawn, Michael P; Kurtz, Kristine; Stahl, Deborah; Chalfant, Richard L; Koban, Mary E; Dawson, Barbara J</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A new low global warming refrigerant, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro propene, or HFO-1234yf, has been successfully evaluated for automotive <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning, and is also being evaluated for stationary refrigeration and <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning systems. Due to the advantageous environmental properties of HFO-1234yf versus HFC-134a, coupled with its similar physical properties and system performance, HFO-1234yf is also being evaluated to replace HFC-134a in refrigeration applications where neat HFC-134a is currently used. This study reports on the development and validation of a <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analytical method for the determination of HFO-1234yf in <span class="hlt">air</span>. Different collection media were screened for desorption and simulated <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency with three-section (350/350/350 mg) Anasorb CSC showing the best results. Therefore, <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected using two 3-section Anasorb CSC sorbent tubes in series at 0.02 L/min for up to 8 hr for <span class="hlt">sample</span> volumes of up to 9.6 L. The sorbent tubes were extracted in methylene chloride, and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The method was validated from 0.1× to 20× the target level of 0.5 ppm (2.3 mg/m(3)) for a 9.6 L <span class="hlt">air</span> volume. Desorption efficiencies for HFO-1234yf were 88 to 109% for all replicates over the validation range with a mean overall recovery of 93%. Simulated <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiencies ranged from 87 to 104% with a mean of 94%. No migration or breakthrough to the back tube was observed under the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> conditions evaluated. HFO-1234yf <span class="hlt">samples</span> showed acceptable storage stability on Anasorb CSC sorbent up to a period of 30 days when stored under ambient, refrigerated, or frozen temperature conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293018','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293018"><span>Nocturnal and daytime stomatal conductance respond to root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature in 'Shiraz' grapevines.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rogiers, Suzy Y; Clarke, Simon J</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Daytime root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature may be a significant factor regulating water flux through plants. Water flux can also occur during the night but nocturnal stomatal response to environmental drivers such as root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature remains largely unknown. Here nocturnal and daytime leaf gas exchange was quantified in 'Shiraz' grapevines (Vitis vinifera) exposed to three root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperatures from budburst to fruit-set, for a total of 8 weeks in spring. Despite lower stomatal density, night-time stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were greater for plants grown in warm root-<span class="hlt">zones</span>. Elevated root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature resulted in higher daytime stomatal conductance, transpiration and net assimilation rates across a range of leaf-to-<span class="hlt">air</span> vapour pressure deficits, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures and light levels. Intrinsic water-use efficiency was, however, lowest in those plants with warm root-<span class="hlt">zones</span>. CO(2) response curves of foliar gas exchange indicated that the maximum rate of electron transport and the maximum rate of Rubisco activity did not differ between the root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> treatments, and therefore it was likely that the lower photosynthesis in cool root-<span class="hlt">zones</span> was predominantly the result of a stomatal limitation. One week after discontinuation of the temperature treatments, gas exchange was similar between the plants, indicating a reversible physiological response to soil temperature. In this anisohydric grapevine variety both night-time and daytime stomatal conductance were responsive to root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature. Because nocturnal transpiration has implications for overall plant water status, predictive climate change models using stomatal conductance will need to factor in this root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> variable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888397','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888397"><span>On the construction, comparison, and variability of airsheds for interpreting semivolatile organic compounds in passively <span class="hlt">sampled</span> <span class="hlt">air</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Westgate, John N; Wania, Frank</p> <p>2011-10-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> mass origin as determined by back trajectories often aids in explaining some of the short-term variability in the atmospheric concentrations of semivolatile organic contaminants. Airsheds, constructed by amalgamating large numbers of back trajectories, capture average <span class="hlt">air</span> mass origins over longer time periods and thus have found use in interpreting <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations obtained by passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers. To explore some of their key characteristics, airsheds for 54 locations on Earth were constructed and compared for roundness, seasonality, and interannual variability. To avoid the so-called "pole problem" and to simplify the calculation of roundness, a "geodesic grid" was used to bin the back-trajectory end points. Departures from roundness were seen to occur at all latitudes and to correlate significantly with local slope but no strong relationship between latitude and roundness was revealed. Seasonality and interannual variability vary widely enough to imply that static models of transport are not sufficient to describe the proximity of an area to potential sources of contaminants. For interpreting an <span class="hlt">air</span> measurement an airshed should be generated specifically for the deployment time of the sampler, especially when investigating long-term trends. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> taken in a single season may not represent the average annual atmosphere, and <span class="hlt">samples</span> taken in linear, as opposed to round, airsheds may not represent the average atmosphere in the area. Simple methods are proposed to ascertain the significance of an airshed or individual cell. It is recommended that when establishing potential contaminant source regions only end points with departure heights of less than ∼700 m be considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H23O..05H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H23O..05H"><span>Evaluation of Long-term Performance of Enhanced Anaerobic Source <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Bioremediation using mass flux</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haluska, A.; Cho, J.; Hatzinger, P.; Annable, M. D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Chlorinated ethene DNAPL source <span class="hlt">zones</span> in groundwater act as potential long term sources of contamination as they dissolve yielding concentrations well above MCLs, posing an on-going public health risk. Enhanced bioremediation has been applied to treat many source <span class="hlt">zones</span> with significant promise, but long-term sustainability of this technology has not been thoroughly assessed. This study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of enhanced anaerobic source <span class="hlt">zone</span> bioremediation at chloroethene contaminated sites to determine if the treatment prevented contaminant rebound and removed NAPL from the source <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Long-term performance was evaluated based on achieving MCL-based contaminant mass fluxes in parent compound concentrations during different monitoring periods. Groundwater concertation versus time data was compiled for 6-sites and post-remedial contaminant mass flux data was then measured using passive flux meters at wells both within and down-gradient of the source <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Post-remedial mass flux data was then combined with pre-remedial water quality data to estimate pre-remedial mass flux. This information was used to characterize a DNAPL dissolution source strength function, such as the Power Law Model and the Equilibrium Stream tube model. The six-sites characterized for this study were (1) Former Charleston <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Charleston, SC; (2) Dover <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Dover, DE; (3) Treasure Island Naval Station, San Francisco, CA; (4) Former Raritan Arsenal, Edison, NJ; (5) Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station, Jacksonville, FL; and, (6) Former Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station, Alameda, CA. Contaminant mass fluxes decreased for all the sites by the end of the post-treatment monitoring period and rebound was limited within the source <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Post remedial source strength function estimates suggest that decreases in contaminant mass flux will continue to occur at these sites, but a mass flux based on MCL levels may never be exceeded. Thus, site clean-up goals should be evaluated as order</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29935816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29935816"><span>Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning filters of different usage - method development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Śmiełowska, M; Zabiegała, B</p> <p>2018-06-19</p> <p>This study presents the results of studies aimed at the development of an analytical procedure for separation, identification, and determination of PBDEs compounds in dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from automotive cabin <span class="hlt">air</span> filters and <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from filters installed as part of the <span class="hlt">air</span> purification system in academic facilities. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (UA-dSPE) was found to perform better in terms of extract purification than the conventional SPE technique. GC-EIMS was used for final determination of analytes. The concentrations of PBDEs in car filters ranged from < LOD to 688 ng/g while from < LOD to 247 ng/g in dust from <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning filters. BDE-47 and BDE-100 were reported the dominating congeners. The estimated exposure to PBDEs via ingestion of dust from car filters varied from 0.00022 to 0.012 ng/day in toddlers and from 0.000036 to 0.0029 ng/day in adults; dust from <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning filters: from 0.017 to 0.25 ng/day in toddlers and from 0.0029 to 0.042 ng/day. In addition, an attempt was made at extracting PBDEs from a dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique as a promising alternative to conventional SPE separations. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15487792','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15487792"><span>Passive <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using semipermeable membrane devices at different wind-speeds in situ calibrated by performance reference compounds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Söderström, Hanna S; Bergqvist, Per-Anders</p> <p>2004-09-15</p> <p>Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are passive samplers used to measure the vapor phase of organic pollutants in <span class="hlt">air</span>. This study tested whether extremely high wind-speeds during a 21-day <span class="hlt">sampling</span> increased the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and whether the release of performance reference compounds (PRCs) was related to the uptakes at different wind-speeds. Five samplers were deployed in an indoor, unheated, and dark wind tunnel with different wind-speeds at each site (6-50 m s(-1)). In addition, one sampler was deployed outside the wind tunnel and one outside the building. To test whether a sampler, designed to reduce the wind-speeds, decreased the uptake and release rates, each sampler in the wind tunnel included two SPMDs positioned inside a protective device and one unprotected SPMD outside the device. The highest amounts of PAHs and PCBs were found in the SPMDs exposed to the assumed highest wind-speeds. Thus, the SPMD <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates increased with increasing wind-speeds, indicating that the uptake was largely controlled by the boundary layer at the membrane-<span class="hlt">air</span> interface. The coefficient of variance (introduced by the 21-day <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and the chemical analysis) for the <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations of three PAHs and three PCBs, calculated using the PRC data, was 28-46%. Thus, the PRCs had a high ability to predict site effects of wind and assess the actual <span class="hlt">sampling</span> situation. Comparison between protected and unprotected SPMDs showed that the sampler design reduced the wind-speed inside the devices and thereby the uptake and release rates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870235','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870235"><span>Vapor port and groundwater <span class="hlt">sampling</span> well</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Hubbell, Joel M.; Wylie, Allan H.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>A method and apparatus has been developed for combining groundwater monitoring wells with unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> vapor <span class="hlt">sampling</span> ports. The apparatus allows concurrent monitoring of both the unsaturated and the saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> from the same well at contaminated areas. The innovative well design allows for concurrent <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of groundwater and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the vadose (unsaturated) <span class="hlt">zone</span> from a single well, saving considerable time and money. The <span class="hlt">sample</span> tubes are banded to the outer well casing during installation of the well casing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JGRD..108.8407E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JGRD..108.8407E"><span>BIBLE A whole-<span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> as a window on Asian biogeochemistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Elliott, Scott; Blake, Donald R.; Blake, Nicola J.; Dubey, Manvendra K.; Rowland, F. Sherwood; Sive, Barkley C.; Smith, Felisa A.</p> <p>2003-02-01</p> <p>Asian trace gas and aerosol emissions into carbon, nitrogen, and other elemental cycles will figure prominently in near term Earth system evolution. Atmospheric hydrocarbon measurements resolve numerous chemical species and can be used to investigate sourcing for key geocarriers. A recent aircraft study of biomass burning and lightning (BIBLE A) explored the East Asian atmosphere and was unique in centering on the Indonesian archipelago. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> of volatile organics taken over/between the islands of Japan, Saipan, Java, and Borneo are here examined as a guide to whole-<span class="hlt">air</span>-based studies of future Asian biogeochemistry. The midlatitude onshore/offshore pulse and tropical convection strongly influence concentration distributions. As species of increasing molecular weight are considered, rural, combustion, and industrial source regimes emerge. Methane-rich inputs such as waste treatment and rice cultivation are evidenced in the geostrophic outflow. The Indonesian atmosphere is rich in biomass burning markers and also those of vehicular activity. Complexity of <span class="hlt">air</span> chemistry in the archipelago is a direct reflection of diverse topography, land use, and local economies in a rapidly developing nation. Conspicuous in its absence is the fingerprint for liquefied petroleum gas leakage, but it can be expected to appear as demand for clean fossil fuels rises along with per capita incomes. Combustion tracers indicate high nitrogen mobilization rates, linking regional terrestrial geocycles with open marine ecosystems. Sea to <span class="hlt">air</span> fluxes are superimposed on continental and marine backgrounds for the methyl halides. However, ocean hot spots are not coordinated and suggest an intricate subsurface kinetics. Levels of long-lived anthropogenic halocarbons attest to the success of international environmental treaties while reactive chlorine containing species track industrial <span class="hlt">air</span> masses. The dozens of hydrocarbons resolvable by gas chromatographic methods will enable monitoring of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA634734','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA634734"><span>Environmental Assessment: Installation Development at Lackland <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Texas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>37 TRW 37th Training Wing MCF/day thousand cubic feet per day AAM Annual Arithmetic Mean mgd million gallons per day AAQS ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> quality...Industrial Hygiene Association NAAQS National Ambient <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Standards AICUZ <span class="hlt">Air</span> Installation Compatible Use <span class="hlt">Zone</span> NEPA National Environmental...AFB....................................... 3-33 Table 3-8 Federal Ambient <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Standards</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860055927&hterms=enrichment&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Denrichment','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19860055927&hterms=enrichment&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Denrichment"><span>Multistage open-tube trap for enrichment of part-per-trillion trace components of low-pressure (below 27-kPa) <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ohara, D.; Vo, T.; Vedder, J. F.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>A multistage open-tube trap for cryogenic collection of trace components in low-pressure <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> is described. The open-tube design allows higher volumetric flow rates than densely packed glass-bead traps commonly reported and is suitable for <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> at pressures below 27 kPa with liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. Gas blends containing 200 to 2500 parts per trillion by volume each of ethane and ethene were <span class="hlt">sampled</span> and hydrocarbons were enriched with 100 + or - 4 percent trap efficiency. The multistage design is more efficient than equal-length open-tube traps under the conditions of the measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17157353','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17157353"><span>Calibration of polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers for quantitative measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): factors influencing <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hazrati, Sadegh; Harrad, Stuart</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>PUF disk passive <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers are increasingly employed for monitoring of POPs in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>. In order to utilize them as quantitative <span class="hlt">sampling</span> devices, a calibration experiment was conducted. Time integrated indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were obtained from a low volume <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler operated over a 50 d period alongside the PUF disk samplers in the same office microenvironment. Passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates for the fully-sheltered sampler design employed in our research were determined for the 51 PCB and 7 PBDE congeners detected in all calibration <span class="hlt">samples</span>. These values varied from 0.57 to 1.55 m3 d(-1) for individual PCBs and from 1.1 to 1.9 m3 d(-1) for PBDEs. These values are appreciably lower than those reported elsewhere for different PUF disk sampler designs (e.g. partially sheltered) employed under different conditions (e.g. in outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span>), and derived using different calibration experiment configurations. This suggests that <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates derived for a specific sampler configuration deployed under specific environmental conditions, should not be extrapolated to different sampler configurations. Furthermore, our observation of variable congener-specific <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates (consistent with other studies), implies that more research is required in order to understand fully the factors that influence <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rates. Analysis of wipe <span class="hlt">samples</span> taken from the inside of the sampler housing, revealed evidence that the housing surface scavenges particle bound PBDEs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006E%26PSL.244..672K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006E%26PSL.244..672K"><span>Convective mixing of <span class="hlt">air</span> in firn at four polar sites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kawamura, Kenji; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Ishidoya, Shigeyuki; Sugawara, Satoshi; Hashida, Gen; Motoyama, Hideaki; Fujii, Yoshiyuki; Aoki, Shuji; Nakazawa, Takakiyo</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Air</span> withdrawn from the firn at four polar sites (Dome Fuji, H72 and YM85, Antarctica and North GRIP, Greenland) was measured for δ15N of N 2 and δ18O of O 2 to test for the presence of convective <span class="hlt">air</span> mixing in the top part of the firn, known as the "convective <span class="hlt">zone</span>". Understanding the convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> and its possible relationship to surface conditions is important for constructing accurate ice-core greenhouse gas chronologies and their phasing with respect to climate change. The thickness of the convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> was inferred from a regression line with barometric slope of the data in the deep firn. It is less than a few meters at H72 and NGRIP, whereas a substantial convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> is found at Dome Fuji (8.6 ± 2.6 m) and YM85 (14.0 ± 1.8 m). By matching the outputs of a diffusion model to the data, effective eddy diffusivities required to mix the firn <span class="hlt">air</span> are found. At the surface of Dome Fuji and YM85, these are found to be several times greater than the molecular diffusivity in free <span class="hlt">air</span>. The crossover from dominance of convection to molecular diffusion takes place at 7 ± 2, 11 ± 2 and 0.5 ± 0.5 m at Dome Fuji, YM85 and NGRIP, respectively. These depths can be used as an alternative definition of the convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> thickness. The firn permeability at Dome Fuji is expected to be high because of intense firn metamorphism due to the low accumulation rate and large seasonal <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature variation at the site. The firn layers in the top several meters are exposed to strong temperature gradients for several decades, leading to large firn grains and depth hoar that enhance permeability. The thick convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> at YM85 is unexpected because the temperature, accumulation rate and near-surface density are comparable to NGRIP. The strong katabatic wind at YM85 is probably responsible for creating the deep convection. The largest convective <span class="hlt">zone</span> found in this study is still only half of the current inconsistency implied from the deep ice core gas isotopes and firn</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5953420','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5953420"><span>A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for measurement of organophosphorus pesticides and their oxygen analogs in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>ARMSTRONG, JENNA L.; DILLS, RUSSELL L.; YU, JIANBO; YOST, MICHAEL G.; FENSKE, RICHARD A.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>A rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for determination of levels of the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides chlorpyrifos (CPF), azinphos methyl (AZM), and their oxygen analogs chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-O) and azinphos methyl-oxon (AZM-O) on common active <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrices. XAD-2 resin and polyurethane foam (PUF) matrices were extracted with acetonitrile containing stable-isotope labeled internal standards (ISTD). Analysis was accomplished in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode, and analytes in unknown <span class="hlt">samples</span> were identified by retention time (±0.1 min) and qualifier ratio (±30% absolute) as compared to the mean of calibrants. For all compounds, calibration linearity correlation coefficients were ≥0.996. Limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.15–1.1 ng/<span class="hlt">sample</span> for CPF, CPF-O, AZM, and AZM-O on active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> matrices. Spiked fortification recoveries were 78–113% from XAD-2 active <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> tubes and 71–108% from PUF active <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> tubes. Storage stability tests also yielded recoveries ranging from 74–94% after time periods ranging from 2–10 months. The results demonstrate that LC-MS/MS is a sensitive method for determining these compounds from two different matrices at the low concentrations that can result from spray drift and long range transport in non-target areas following agricultural applications. In an inter-laboratory comparison, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for LC-MS/MS was 100 times lower than a typical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. PMID:24328542</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/170465','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/170465"><span>Vapor port and groundwater <span class="hlt">sampling</span> well</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Hubbell, J.M.; Wylie, A.H.</p> <p>1996-01-09</p> <p>A method and apparatus have been developed for combining groundwater monitoring wells with unsaturated-<span class="hlt">zone</span> vapor <span class="hlt">sampling</span> ports. The apparatus allows concurrent monitoring of both the unsaturated and the saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span> from the same well at contaminated areas. The innovative well design allows for concurrent <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of groundwater and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the vadose (unsaturated) <span class="hlt">zone</span> from a single well, saving considerable time and money. The <span class="hlt">sample</span> tubes are banded to the outer well casing during installation of the well casing. 10 figs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19438468','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19438468"><span>Comparative study between cold <span class="hlt">air</span> analgesia and supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve block for the management of pain during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses of the frontotemporal <span class="hlt">zone</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Serra-Guillen, C; Hueso, L; Nagore, E; Vila, M; Llombart, B; Requena Caballero, C; Botella-Estrada, R; Sanmartin, O; Alfaro-Rubio, A; Guillen, C</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinoma. The main drawback of PDT is pain during application. To compare the efficacy of supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve block with cold <span class="hlt">air</span> analgesia to control the pain experienced during PDT. A controlled open clinical trial was conducted in 34 patients having multiple actinic keratoses in the frontal region treated with PDT. On one side of the frontal region the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves were blocked, while on the other side cold <span class="hlt">air</span> was used as the method of analgesia. Pain was recorded on a visual analogue scale after treatment. Thirty-one of 34 patients reported less pain in the <span class="hlt">zone</span> treated with nerve block. This difference was statistically significant. Nerve block is superior to cold <span class="hlt">air</span> and is an easy, safe, effective means of controlling the pain associated with PDT.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2014-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.670 - Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing practice range, Tyndall <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Fla. 334..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER <span class="hlt">ZONE</span> AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.670 Gulf of Mexico south and west of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.670 - Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing practice range, Tyndall <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Fla. 334..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER <span class="hlt">ZONE</span> AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.670 Gulf of Mexico south and west of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2012-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.670 - Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing practice range, Tyndall <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Fla. 334..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER <span class="hlt">ZONE</span> AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.670 Gulf of Mexico south and west of...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2013-title33-vol3-sec334-670.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.670 - Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Gulf of Mexico south and west of Apalachicola, San Blas, and St. Joseph bays; <span class="hlt">air-to-air</span> firing practice range, Tyndall <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base, Fla. 334..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DANGER <span class="hlt">ZONE</span> AND RESTRICTED AREA REGULATIONS § 334.670 Gulf of Mexico south and west of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1080447','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1080447"><span>Solid oxide fuel cell systems with hot <span class="hlt">zones</span> having improved reactant distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Poshusta, Joseph C.; Booten, Charles W.; Martin, Jerry L.</p> <p>2012-11-06</p> <p>A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system having a hot <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a center cathode <span class="hlt">air</span> feed tube for improved reactant distribution, a CPOX reactor attached at the anode feed end of the hot <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a tail gas combustor at the opposing end for more uniform heat distribution, and a counter-flow heat exchanger for efficient heat retention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1111470','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1111470"><span>Solid oxide fuel cell systems with hot <span class="hlt">zones</span> having improved reactant distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Poshusta, Joseph C; Booten, Charles W; Martin, Jerry L</p> <p>2013-12-24</p> <p>A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system having a hot <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a center cathode <span class="hlt">air</span> feed tube for improved reactant distribution, a CPOX reactor attached at the anode feed end of the hot <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a tail gas combustor at the opposing end for more uniform heat distribution, and a counter-flow heat exchanger for efficient heat retention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253334','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1253334"><span>Solid oxide fuel cell systems with hot <span class="hlt">zones</span> having improved reactant distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Poshusta, Joseph C.; Booten, Charles W.; Martin, Jerry L.</p> <p>2016-05-17</p> <p>A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system having a hot <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a center cathode <span class="hlt">air</span> feed tube for improved reactant distribution, a CPOX reactor attached at the anode feed end of the hot <span class="hlt">zone</span> with a tail gas combustor at the opposing end for more uniform heat distribution, and a counter-flow heat exchanger for efficient heat retention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4361962','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4361962"><span>Detection of Legionella spp. by a nested-PCR assay in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> of a wastewater treatment plant and downwind distances in Isfahan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mirzaee, Seyyed Abbas; Nikaeen, Mahnaz; Hajizadeh, Yaghob; Nabavi, BiBi Fatemeh; Hassanzadeh, Akbar</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background: Wastewater contains a variety of pathogens and bio -aerosols generated during the wastewater treatment process, which could be a potential health risk for exposed individuals. This study was carried out to detect Legionella spp. in the bio -aerosols generated from different processes of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Isfahan, Iran, and the downwind distances. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected and analyzed for the presence of Legionella spp. by a nested- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A liquid impingement biosampler was used to capture bio -aerosols. The weather conditions were also recorded. Results: Legionella were detected in 6% of the <span class="hlt">samples</span>, including <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> above the aeration tank (1/9), belt filter press (1/9), and 250 m downwind (1/9). Conclusion: The result of this study revealed the presence of Legionella spp. in <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> of a WWTP and downwind distance, which consequently represent a potential health risk to the exposed individuals. PMID:25802817</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.669a2041L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.669a2041L"><span>Mechanism of influence water vapor on combustion characteristics of propane-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larionov, V. M.; Mitrofanov, G. A.; Sachovskii, A. V.; Kozar, N. K.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The article discusses the results of an experimental study of the effect of water vapor at the flame temperature. Propane-butane mixture with <span class="hlt">air</span> is burning on a modified Bunsen burner. Steam temperature was varied from 180 to 260 degrees. Combustion parameters changed by steam temperature and its proportion in the mixture with the fuel. The fuel-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture is burned in the excess <span class="hlt">air</span> ratio of 0.1. It has been established that the injection of steam changes the characteristics of combustion fuel-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixture and increase the combustion temperature. The concentration of CO in the combustion products is substantially reduced. Raising the temperature in the combustion <span class="hlt">zone</span> is associated with increased enthalpy of the fuel by the added steam enthalpy. Reducing the concentration of CO is caused by decrease in the average temperature in the combustion <span class="hlt">zone</span> by applying steam. Concentration of active hydrogen radicals and oxygen increases in the combustion <span class="hlt">zone</span>. That has a positive effect on the process of combustion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380704','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380704"><span>Mobile <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Studies (MAQS)-an international project.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Groneberg, David A; Scutaru, Cristian; Lauks, Mathias; Takemura, Masaya; Fischer, Tanja C; Kölzow, Silvana; van Mark, Anke; Uibel, Stefanie; Wagner, Ulrich; Vitzthum, Karin; Beck, Fabian; Mache, Stefanie; Kreiter, Carolin; Kusma, Bianca; Friedebold, Annika; Zell, Hanna; Gerber, Alexander; Bock, Johanna; Al-Mutawakl, Khaled; Donat, Johannes; Geier, Maria Victoria; Pilzner, Carolin; Welker, Pia; Joachim, Ricarda; Bias, Harald; Götting, Michael; Sakr, Mohannad; Addicks, Johann P; Börger, Julia-Annik; Jensen, Anna-Maria; Grajewski, Sonja; Shami, Awfa; Neye, Niko; Kröger, Stefan; Hoffmann, Sarah; Kloss, Lisa; Mayer, Sebastian; Puk, Clemens; Henkel, Ulrich; Rospino, Robert; Schilling, Ute; Krieger, Evelyn; Westphal, Gesa; Meyer-Falcke, Andreas; Hupperts, Hagen; de Roux, Andrés; Tropp, Salome; Weiland, Marco; Mühlbach, Janette; Steinberg, Johannes; Szerwinski, Anne; Falahkohan, Sepiede; Sudik, Claudia; Bircks, Anna; Noga, Oliver; Dickgreber, Nicolas; Dinh, Q Thai; Golpon, Heiko; Kloft, Beatrix; Groneberg, Rafael Neill B; Witt, Christian; Wicker, Sabine; Zhang, Li; Springer, Jochen; Kütting, Birgitta; Mingomataj, Ervin C; Fischer, Axel; Schöffel, Norman; Unger, Volker; Quarcoo, David</p> <p>2010-04-09</p> <p>Due to an increasing awareness of the potential hazardousness of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants, new laws, rules and guidelines have recently been implemented globally. In this respect, numerous studies have addressed traffic-related exposure to particulate matter using stationary technology so far. By contrast, only few studies used the advanced technology of mobile exposure analysis. The Mobile <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Study (MAQS) addresses the issue of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant exposure by combining advanced high-granularity spatial-temporal analysis with vehicle-mounted, person-mounted and roadside sensors. The MAQS-platform will be used by international collaborators in order 1) to assess <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant exposure in relation to road structure, 2) to assess <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant exposure in relation to traffic density, 3) to assess <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant exposure in relation to weather conditions, 4) to compare exposure within vehicles between front and back seat (children) positions, and 5) to evaluate "traffic <span class="hlt">zone</span>"-exposure in relation to non-"traffic <span class="hlt">zone</span>"-exposure.Primarily, the MAQS-platform will focus on particulate matter. With the establishment of advanced mobile analysis tools, it is planed to extend the analysis to other pollutants including NO2, SO2, nanoparticles and ozone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28340080','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28340080"><span>Measuring PM2.5, Ultrafine Particles, Nicotine <span class="hlt">Air</span> and Wipe <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Following the Use of Electronic Cigarettes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Melstrom, Paul; Koszowski, Bartosz; Thanner, Meridith Hill; Hoh, Eunha; King, Brian; Bunnell, Rebecca; McAfee, Tim</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Few studies have examined the extent of inhalation or dermal contact among bystanders following short-term, secondhand e-cigarette exposure. Measure PM2.5 (particles < 2.5 microns), UF (ultrafine particles < 100 nm), and nicotine in <span class="hlt">air</span> and deposited on surfaces and clothing pre-/during/post- a short-term (2-hour) e-cigarette exposure. E-cigarettes were used ad libitum by three experienced users for 2 hours during two separate sessions (disposable e-cigarettes, then tank-style e-cigarettes, or "tanks") in a 1858 ft3 room. We recorded: uncorrected PM2.5 (using SidePak); UF (using P-Trak); <span class="hlt">air</span> nicotine concentrations (using <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers; SKC XAD-4 canisters); ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> exchange rate (using an <span class="hlt">air</span> capture hood). Wipe <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken by wiping 100 cm2 room surfaces pre- and post- both sessions, and clean cloth wipes were worn during the exposure and collected at the end. Uncorrected PM2.5 and UF were higher (p < .0001) during sessions than before or after. Median PM2.5 during exposure was higher using tanks (0.515 mg/m3) than disposables (0.035 mg/m3) (p < .0001). Median UF during exposure was higher using disposables (31 200 particles/cm3) than tanks (25 200 particles/cm3)(p < .0001). Median <span class="hlt">air</span> nicotine levels were higher (p < .05) during both sessions (disposables = 0.697 ng/L, tanks = 1.833 ng/L) than before (disposables = 0.004 ng/L, tanks = 0.010 ng/L) or after (disposables = 0.115 ng/L, tanks = 0.147 ng/L). Median accumulation rates of nicotine on surface <span class="hlt">samples</span> were 2.1 ng/100 cm2/h using disposables and 4.0 ng/100 cm2/h using tanks; for cloth <span class="hlt">samples</span>, it was 44.4 ng/100 cm2/h using disposables and 69.6 ng/100 cm2/h using tanks (p < .01). Mean room ventilation rate was ~5 <span class="hlt">air</span> changes per hour during both sessions. Short-term e-cigarette use can produce: elevated PM2.5; elevated UF; nicotine in the <span class="hlt">air</span>; and accumulation of nicotine on surfaces and clothing. Short-term indoor e-cigarette use produced accumulation of nicotine on surfaces and clothing, which</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1019691','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1019691"><span>The Coercive Efficacy of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Exclusion <span class="hlt">Zones</span>: Myth or Reality</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>use force and such threats lacked credibility. The lack of intervention by the international community in other Arab nations may have reinforced such...those of the author. They do not reflect the official position of the US Government, Department of Defense, the United States <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force, or <span class="hlt">Air</span>...security. We do not seek the destruction of Iraq, its culture, or its people. Rather, we seek an Iraq that uses its great resources not to destroy, not to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22324147','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22324147"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution stress on some commonly grown tree species in industrial <span class="hlt">zone</span> of Durgapur, West Bengal, India.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nayek, S; Satpati, S; Gupta, S; Saha, R N; Datta, J K</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The present study deals with the biochemical responses of some selected tree species with respect to increased <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution in Durgapur industrial city in India. Areas in vicinity to industries possess very high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (571 microg/m3), SOx (132 microg/m3) and NOx (97 microg/m3) which shows significant correlations (p < 0.05) with the biochemical constituents of stressed plants. Plants growing in industrial <span class="hlt">zone</span> exhibit a considerable decline in total chlorophyll (34.97-59.81%), soluble sugars (23.85-33.16%) and protein content (21.59-47.13%) and increase in ascorbic acid (81.87-238.53%) and proline content (123.47-284.91%). Of the studied tree species, Shorea robusta (9.78 +/- 0.095), Alstonia scholaris (8.76 +/- 0.084), Peltophorum pterocarpum (8.99 +/- 0.13) and Albizia lebbeck (7.71 +/- 0.012) were found to be more tolerant with higher <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution Toblerance Index (APTI) and Tectona grandis (6.13 +/- 0.276), Lagerstroemia speciosa (7.075 +/- 0.18) and Delonix regia (6.87 +/- 0.079) were sensitive with lower APTI values. Therefore, plant species with higher APTI value, being more resistant, can be used as pollutant absorbent to reduce the pollution level and are suitable for plantations in industrial areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T21D2866N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.T21D2866N"><span>Microstructural Evolution during Mid-Crustal Shear <span class="hlt">Zone</span> Thickening and Thinning, Mount Irene Detachment <span class="hlt">Zone</span>, Fiordland, New Zealand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Negrini, M.; Smith, S. A. F.; Scott, J.; Rooney, J. S.; Demurtas, M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Recent work has shown that ductile shear <span class="hlt">zones</span> experience cyclic variations in stress and strain rate due to, for example, elastic loading from earthquake slip on brittle faults or the presence of rigid particles and asperities within the shear <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Such non-steady state flow conditions can promote microstructural changes including a decrease in grain sizes followed by a switch in the main deformation mechanisms. Understanding the microstructural changes that occur during non steady-state deformation is therefore critical in evaluating shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> rheology. The Mount Irene shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> formed during Cretaceous extension in the middle crust and was active at temperatures of 600°C and pressures of 6 kbar. The shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> localized in a basal calcite marble layer typically 3-5 m thick containing hundreds of thin (mm-cm) calc-silicate bands that are now parallel to the shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> boundaries. The lower boundary of the shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> preserves meter-scale undulations that cause the shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> to be squeezed in to regions that are <1.5 m thick. The calc-silicate bands act as "flow markers" and allow individual shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> layers to be traced continuously through thick and thin regions, implying that the mylonites experienced cyclic variations in stress and strain rate. Calc-mylonite <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from the same layer close to the base of the shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> reveal that layer thinning was accompanied by progressive microstructural changes including intense twinning, stretching and flattening of large calcite porphyroclasts as well as the development of interconnected networks of recrystallized calcite aggregates. EBSD analysis shows that the recrystallized aggregates contain polygonal calcite grains with microstructures (e.g. grain quadruple junctions) similar to those reported for neighbor-switching processes associated with grain boundary sliding and superplasticity. Ongoing and future work will utilize <span class="hlt">samples</span> from across the full thickness of the shear <span class="hlt">zone</span> to determine key</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21318005','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21318005"><span>Estimation of uncertainty in tracer gas measurement of <span class="hlt">air</span> change rates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Iizuka, Atsushi; Okuizumi, Yumiko; Yanagisawa, Yukio</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Simple and economical measurement of <span class="hlt">air</span> change rates can be achieved with a passive-type tracer gas doser and sampler. However, this is made more complex by the fact many buildings are not a single fully mixed <span class="hlt">zone</span>. This means many measurements are required to obtain information on ventilation conditions. In this study, we evaluated the uncertainty of tracer gas measurement of <span class="hlt">air</span> change rate in n completely mixed <span class="hlt">zones</span>. A single measurement with one tracer gas could be used to simply estimate the <span class="hlt">air</span> change rate when n = 2. Accurate <span class="hlt">air</span> change rates could not be obtained for n ≥ 2 due to a lack of information. However, the proposed method can be used to estimate an <span class="hlt">air</span> change rate with an accuracy of <33%. Using this method, overestimation of <span class="hlt">air</span> change rate can be avoided. The proposed estimation method will be useful in practical ventilation measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol32-sec1400-4.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol32/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol32-sec1400-4.pdf"><span>40 CFR 1400.4 - Vulnerable <span class="hlt">zone</span> indicator system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Vulnerable <span class="hlt">zone</span> indicator system. 1400.4 Section 1400.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ACCIDENTAL RELEASE PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS; RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS UNDER THE CLEAN <span class="hlt">AIR</span> ACT SECTION 112(r)(7...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3579449','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3579449"><span>Nocturnal and daytime stomatal conductance respond to root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature in ‘Shiraz’ grapevines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rogiers, Suzy Y.; Clarke, Simon J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background and Aims Daytime root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature may be a significant factor regulating water flux through plants. Water flux can also occur during the night but nocturnal stomatal response to environmental drivers such as root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature remains largely unknown. Methods Here nocturnal and daytime leaf gas exchange was quantified in ‘Shiraz’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera) exposed to three root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperatures from budburst to fruit-set, for a total of 8 weeks in spring. Key Results Despite lower stomatal density, night-time stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were greater for plants grown in warm root-<span class="hlt">zones</span>. Elevated root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature resulted in higher daytime stomatal conductance, transpiration and net assimilation rates across a range of leaf-to-<span class="hlt">air</span> vapour pressure deficits, <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures and light levels. Intrinsic water-use efficiency was, however, lowest in those plants with warm root-<span class="hlt">zones</span>. CO2 response curves of foliar gas exchange indicated that the maximum rate of electron transport and the maximum rate of Rubisco activity did not differ between the root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> treatments, and therefore it was likely that the lower photosynthesis in cool root-<span class="hlt">zones</span> was predominantly the result of a stomatal limitation. One week after discontinuation of the temperature treatments, gas exchange was similar between the plants, indicating a reversible physiological response to soil temperature. Conclusions In this anisohydric grapevine variety both night-time and daytime stomatal conductance were responsive to root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> temperature. Because nocturnal transpiration has implications for overall plant water status, predictive climate change models using stomatal conductance will need to factor in this root-<span class="hlt">zone</span> variable. PMID:23293018</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=92894','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=92894"><span>Methods for Integrated <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and DNA Analysis for Detection of Airborne Fungal Spores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Williams, Roger H.; Ward, Elaine; McCartney, H. Alastair</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Integrated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and PCR-based methods for detecting airborne fungal spores, using Penicillium roqueforti as a model fungus, are described. P. roqueforti spores were collected directly into Eppendorf tubes using a miniature cyclone-type <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler. They were then suspended in 0.1% Nonidet P-40, and counted using microscopy. Serial dilutions of the spores were made. Three methods were used to produce DNA for PCR tests: adding untreated spores to PCRs, disrupting spores (fracturing of spore walls to release the contents) using Ballotini beads, and disrupting spores followed by DNA purification. Three P. roqueforti-specific assays were tested: single-step PCR, nested PCR, and PCR followed by Southern blotting and probing. Disrupting the spores was found to be essential for achieving maximum sensitivity of the assay. Adding untreated spores to the PCR did allow the detection of P. roqueforti, but this was never achieved when fewer than 1,000 spores were added to the PCR. By disrupting the spores, with or without subsequent DNA purification, it was possible to detect DNA from a single spore. When known quantities of P. roqueforti spores were added to <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> consisting of high concentrations of unidentified fungal spores, pollen, and dust, detection sensitivity was reduced. P. roqueforti DNA could not be detected using untreated or disrupted spore suspensions added to the PCRs. However, using purified DNA, it was possible to detect 10 P. roqueforti spores in a background of 4,500 other spores. For all DNA extraction methods, nested PCR was more sensitive than single-step PCR or PCR followed by Southern blotting. PMID:11375150</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880027096&hterms=electrophoresis&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Delectrophoresis','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880027096&hterms=electrophoresis&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Delectrophoresis"><span>Theoretical and experimental separation dynamics in capillary <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Thormann, Wolfgang; Michaud, Jon-Pierre; Mosher, Richard A.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The mathematical model of Bier et al. (1983) is used in a computer aided analysis of the conditions in capillary <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis (ZE) under which <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">zones</span> migrate noninteractively with the carrier electrolyte. The monitoring of <span class="hlt">sample</span> <span class="hlt">zones</span> with a capillary analyzer that features both on-line conductivity and UV detection at the end of the separation trough is discussed. Data from a ZE analysis of a 5-component mixture are presented, and it is noted that all five components can be monitored via their conductivity change if enough <span class="hlt">sample</span> is present. It is suggested from the results that the concentration ratio of background buffer to <span class="hlt">sample</span> should be a minimum of 100:1 to effectively apply the plate concept to ZE.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215966','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215966"><span>Relative efficiencies of two <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and three culture conditions for the assessment of airborne culturable fungi in a poultry farmhouse in France.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nieguitsila, Adélaïde; Arné, Pascal; Durand, Benoît; Deville, Manjula; Benoît-Valiergue, Hélène; Chermette, René; Cottenot-Latouche, Sophie; Guillot, Jacques</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>Fungal elements represent a significant part of the biological contaminants that could be detected in the <span class="hlt">air</span> of animal facilities. The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficiencies of two <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods and three culture conditions for the quantification of airborne culturable fungi in a poultry farmhouse in France. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected every week throughout a 15-week period. Two devices were simultaneously used-a rotative cup <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler (CIP 10-M, Arelco, France) and an <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler based on filtration (<span class="hlt">Air</span>Port MD8, Sartorius, Germany). Culture of airborne viable fungi was performed on malt extract agar (ME) and dichloran glycerol-18 (DG18) at 25 or 37°C. CIP 10-M and <span class="hlt">Air</span>Port MD8 were shown to display comparable performances but significant differences were observed between culture conditions for Aspergillus spp. (p<0.01), Scopulariopsis spp. (p=0.02) and unidentified molds (p<0.01). Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76472&keyword=Identity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76472&keyword=Identity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>CTEPP STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR EXTRACTING AND PREPARING <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLES</span> FOR ANALYSIS OF POLAR PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (SOP-5.13)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The method for extracting and preparing indoor and outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for analysis of polar persistent organic pollutants is summarized in this SOP. It covers the preparation of <span class="hlt">samples</span> that are to be analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=167446&keyword=asthma+AND+childhood&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=167446&keyword=asthma+AND+childhood&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>COMPARISON OF MOLD CONCENTRATIONS IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLED</span> SIMULTANEOUSLY AND THEN QUANTIFIED BY MSQPCR</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Mold specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) was used to measure the concentrations of the 36 mold species in indoor and outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> that were taken simultaneously for 48 hours in and around 17 homes in Cincinnati, Ohio. The total spore concentrations of 353 per m<sup>3</sup>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA336192','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA336192"><span>Experimental Investigation of Combustion Stabilization in Supersonic Flow Using Free Recirculation <span class="hlt">Zones</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1997-08-01</p> <p>NUMBERS Experimental Investigation of Combustion Stabilization in Supersonic Flow Using Free F6170896W0291 Recirculation <span class="hlt">Zones</span> 6. AUTHOR(S) Dr...stabilization in supersonic flow using free recirculation <span class="hlt">zones</span> Special contract (SPC-96-4043) with <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Office of Scientific Research (AFMC), USA, EOARD...of three quarterly reports and presents experimental results on self-ignition and combustion stabilization in supersonic flow using free</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16925921','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16925921"><span>Development of size-selective <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of Bacillus anthracis surrogate spores from simulated building <span class="hlt">air</span> intake mixtures for analysis via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gibb-Snyder, Emily; Gullett, Brian; Ryan, Shawn; Oudejans, Lukas; Touati, Abderrahmane</p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>Size-selective <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of Bacillus anthracis surrogate spores from realistic, common aerosol mixtures was developed for analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A two-stage impactor was found to be the preferential <span class="hlt">sampling</span> technique for LIBS analysis because it was able to concentrate the spores in the mixtures while decreasing the collection of potentially interfering aerosols. Three common spore/aerosol scenarios were evaluated, diesel truck exhaust (to simulate a truck running outside of a building <span class="hlt">air</span> intake), urban outdoor aerosol (to simulate common building <span class="hlt">air</span>), and finally a protein aerosol (to simulate either an agent mixture (ricin/anthrax) or a contaminated anthrax <span class="hlt">sample</span>). Two statistical methods, linear correlation and principal component analysis, were assessed for differentiation of surrogate spore spectra from other common aerosols. Criteria for determining percentages of false positives and false negatives via correlation analysis were evaluated. A single laser shot analysis of approximately 4 percent of the spores in a mixture of 0.75 m(3) urban outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> doped with approximately 1.1 x 10(5) spores resulted in a 0.04 proportion of false negatives. For that same <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume of urban <span class="hlt">air</span> without spores, the proportion of false positives was 0.08.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446275','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446275"><span>[Determination of polioksin B in the <span class="hlt">air</span> environment and in washouts from skin of operators by HPLC].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Volkova, V N; Mukhina, L P; Chistova, Zh A; Fedorova, S G</p> <p></p> <p>Polyoxin B being an effective inhibitor of synthesis of chitin of the cell wall of many phytopathogenic fungi, is recommended as a fungicide for control of phytopathogenic organisms that cause damage to crop. For the determination of the exposure of employees working with pesticides there was developed the method of the measurement of concentrations of polyoxin B in <span class="hlt">air</span> of working area, atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> of populated areas and washouts from the operators ’ integuments, based on high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (detection wavelength of270 nm), including <span class="hlt">sampling</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> environment in the sorption tube ORBO-44, filled with sorbent XAD-2, extraction of the sorbent with polyoxin by a mixture of carbinol-water (in a ratio of 95:5,on volume), washout from the surface of the skin with ethyl alcohol by way of washing, concentrating, quantitative chromatographic analysis. Lower limits of the quantification ofpolyoxin B in the <span class="hlt">air</span> ofworking area - 0.2 mg/m at the aspiration of 2 dm of <span class="hlt">air</span>, atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> - 0.016 mg/m at the aspiration of 25 dm of <span class="hlt">air</span>, in washouts from the operators’ integuments - 0.4 pg/wash, the linear range of the defined concentrations accounted for of 0.2 - 2.4 pg/cm, the total error of measurement of the concentrations of polyoxin B in <span class="hlt">air</span> is 17%; in washouts from the operators’ integuments - 16%. The developed method was approbated for the determination of polyoxin in <span class="hlt">samples</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> of working <span class="hlt">zone</span>, atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> within the sanitary gap, washouts from the operators ’ integuments and <span class="hlt">air</span> drift <span class="hlt">samples</span> taken under processing of roses in the hothouse and in the monitoring of the phytosanitary condition of the plants every other day after treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-10-14/pdf/2010-25804.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-10-14/pdf/2010-25804.pdf"><span>75 FR 63086 - Great Mississippi Balloon Race and Fireworks Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Lower Mississippi River, Mile Marker...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-14</p> <p>... flying hot <span class="hlt">air</span> balloons transiting across the Lower Mississippi River. Entry into this <span class="hlt">zone</span> is prohibited... mariners from the safety hazards associated with a fireworks display and low flying hot <span class="hlt">air</span> balloons... mariners from the safety hazards associated with a fireworks display and low flying hot <span class="hlt">air</span> balloons...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406492','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406492"><span>Cryogenic separation of an oxygen-argon mixture in natural <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for the determination of isotope and molecular ratios.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Keedakkadan, Habeeb Rahman; Abe, Osamu</p> <p>2015-04-30</p> <p>The separation and purification of oxygen-argon mixtures are critical in the high-precision analysis of Δ(17) O and δ(O2 /Ar) for geochemical applications. At present, chromatographic methods are used for the separation and purification of oxygen-argon mixtures or pure oxygen, but these methods require the use of high-purity helium as a carrier gas. Considerable interest has been expressed in the development of a helium-free cryogenic separation of oxygen-argon mixtures in natural <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>. The precise and simplified cryogenic separation of oxygen-argon mixtures from natural <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> presented here was made possible using a single 5A (30/60 mesh) molecular sieve column. The method involves the trapping of eluted gases using molecular sieves at liquid nitrogen temperature, which is associated with isotopic fractionation. We tested the proposed method for the determination of isotopic fractionations during the gas exchange between water and atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> at equilibrium. The dependency of fractionation was studied at different water temperatures and for different methods of equilibration (bubbling and stirring). Isotopic and molecular fractionations during gas desorption from molecular sieves were studied for different amounts and types of molecular sieves. Repeated measurements of atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> yielded a reproducibility (±SD) of 0.021 ‰, 0.044 ‰, 15 per meg and 1.9 ‰ for δ(17) O, δ(18) O, Δ(17) O and δ(O2 /Ar) values, respectively. We applied the method to determine equilibrium isotope fractionation during gas exchange between <span class="hlt">air</span> and water. Consistent δ(18) O and Δ(17) O results were obtained with the latest two studies, whereas there was a significant difference in δ(18) O values between seawater and deionized water. We have revised a helium-free, cryogenic separation of oxygen-argon mixtures in natural <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> for isotopic and molecular ratio analysis. The use of a single 13X (1/8" pellet) molecular sieve yielded the smallest isotopic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5917259','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5917259"><span>A Comparison Study of <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> and Analyzing Volatile Organic Compounds in <span class="hlt">Air</span> in Kuwait by Using Tedlar Bags/Canisters and GC-MS with a Cryogenic Trap</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tang, Hongmao; Beg, Khaliq R.; Al-Otaiba, Yousef</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Kuwait experiences desert climatic weather. Due to the extreme hot and dry conditions in this country, some analytical phenomena have been discovered. Therefore, a systematic study of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analyzing volatile organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span> by using GC-MS with a cryogenic trap is reported in this paper. This study included comparisons of using different <span class="hlt">sample</span> containers such as Tedlar bags and SUMMA canisters, and different cryogenic freezing-out <span class="hlt">air</span> volumes in the trap. Calibration curves for different compounds and improvement of replicated analysis results were also reported here. The study found that using different <span class="hlt">sample</span> containers produced different results. Analysis of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in Tedlar bags obtained several volatile organic compounds with large concentrations compared to using SUMMA canisters. Therefore, to choose a <span class="hlt">sample</span> container properly is a key element for successfully completing a project. Because GC-MS with a cryogenic trap often generates replicated results with poor agreement, an internal standard added to gas standards and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by using a gas syringe was tested. The study results proved that it helped to improve the replicated results. PMID:16699723</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699723"><span>A comparison study of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analyzing volatile organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span> in Kuwait by using Tedlar bags/canisters and GC-MS with a cryogenic trap.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Hongmao; Beg, Khaliq R; Al-Otaiba, Yousef</p> <p>2006-05-12</p> <p>Kuwait experiences desert climatic weather. Due to the extreme hot and dry conditions in this country, some analytical phenomena have been discovered. Therefore, a systematic study of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> and analyzing volatile organic compounds in <span class="hlt">air</span> by using GC-MS with a cryogenic trap is reported in this paper. This study included comparisons of using different <span class="hlt">sample</span> containers such as Tedlar bags and SUMMA canisters, and different cryogenic freezing-out <span class="hlt">air</span> volumes in the trap. Calibration curves for different compounds and improvement of replicated analysis results were also reported here. The study found that using different <span class="hlt">sample</span> containers produced different results. Analysis of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in Tedlar bags obtained several volatile organic compounds with large concentrations compared to using SUMMA canisters. Therefore, to choose a <span class="hlt">sample</span> container properly is a key element for successfully completing a project. Because GC-MS with a cryogenic trap often generates replicated results with poor agreement, an internal standard added to gas standards and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> by using a gas syringe was tested. The study results proved that it helped to improve the replicated results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920011304','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920011304"><span>Venturi <span class="hlt">air</span>-jet vacuum ejectors for high-volume atmospheric <span class="hlt">sampling</span> on aircraft platforms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hill, Gerald F.; Sachse, Glen W.; Young, Douglas C.; Wade, Larry O.; Burney, Lewis G.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Documentation of the installation and use of venturi <span class="hlt">air</span>-jet vacuum ejectors for high-volume atmospheric <span class="hlt">sampling</span> on aircraft platforms is presented. Information on the types of venturis that are useful for meeting the pumping requirements of atmospheric-<span class="hlt">sampling</span> experiments is also presented. A description of the configuration and installation of the venturi system vacuum line is included with details on the modifications that were made to adapt a venturi to the NASA Electra aircraft at GSFC, Wallops Flight Facility. Flight test results are given for several venturis with emphasis on applications to the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurement (DACOM) system at LaRC. This is a source document for atmospheric scientists interested in using the venturi systems installed on the NASA Electra or adapting the technology to other aircraft.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.6946E..09L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SPIE.6946E..09L"><span>Performance analysis of a multispectral framing camera for detecting mines in the littoral <span class="hlt">zone</span> and beach <span class="hlt">zone</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Louchard, Eric; Farm, Brian; Acker, Andrew</p> <p>2008-04-01</p> <p>BAE Systems Sensor Systems Identification & Surveillance (IS) has developed, under contract with the Office of Naval Research, a multispectral airborne sensor system and processing algorithms capable of detecting mine-like objects in the surf <span class="hlt">zone</span> and land mines in the beach <span class="hlt">zone</span>. BAE Systems has used this system in a blind test at a test range established by the Naval Surface Warfare Center - Panama City Division (NSWC-PCD) at Eglin <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Base. The airborne and ground subsystems used in this test are described, with graphical illustrations of the detection algorithms. We report on the performance of the system configured to operate with a human operator analyzing data on a ground station. A subsurface (underwater bottom proud mine in the surf <span class="hlt">zone</span> and moored mine in shallow water) mine detection capability is demonstrated in the surf <span class="hlt">zone</span>. Surface float detection and proud land mine detection capability is also demonstrated. Our analysis shows that this BAE Systems-developed multispectral airborne sensor provides a robust technical foundation for a viable system for mine counter-measures, and would be a valuable asset for use prior to an amphibious assault.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10994985','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10994985"><span><span class="hlt">Sampling</span> of trace volatile metal(loid) compounds in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> using polymer bags: a convenient method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haas, K; Feldmann, J</p> <p>2000-09-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of volatile metal(loid) compounds (VOMs) such as hydrides, methylated, and permethylated species of arsenic, antimony, and tin is described using Tedlar bags. Advantages as well as limitations and constraints are discussed and compared to other widely used <span class="hlt">sampling</span> techniques within this area, namely, stainless steel canisters, cryotrapping, and solid adsorbent cartridges. To prove the suitability of Tedlar bags for the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of volatile metal(loid) compounds, series of stability tests have been run using both laboratory synthetic and real <span class="hlt">samples</span> analyzed periodically after increasing periods of storage. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> have been stored in the dark at 20 degrees C and at 50 degrees C. Various volatile arsenic species (AsH3, MeAsH2, Me2AsH, Me3As), tin species (SnH4, MeSnH3, Me2SnH2, Me3SnH, Me4Sn, BuSnH3), and antimony species (SbH3, MeSbH2, Me2SbH, Me3Sb) have been generated using hydride generation methodology and mixed with moisturized <span class="hlt">air</span>. Three static gaseous atmospheres with concentrations of 0.3-18 ng/L for the various compounds have been generated in Tedlar bags, and the stability of the VOMs has been monitored over a period of 5 weeks. Sewage sludge digester gas <span class="hlt">samples</span> have been stored only at 20 degrees C for a period of 48 h. Cryotrapping GC/ICPMS has been used for the determination of the VOMs with a relative standard deviation of 5% for 100 pg. After 8 h, the recovery rate of all the compounds in the <span class="hlt">air</span> atmospheres was better than 95% at 20 and 50 degrees C, whereas the recovery after 24 h was found to be between 81 and 99% for all VOMs at 20 and 50 degrees C except for Me3Sb and Me3As. These species show a loss between 48 and 73% at both temperatures. After 5 weeks at 20 degrees C, a loss of only 25-50% for arsine and stibine and the above-mentioned tin compounds was determined. Only Me3Sb, Me3Bi, and Me2Te were present in the digester gas <span class="hlt">sample</span>. After 24 h, losses of 44, 10, and 12%, respectively, could be determined. Given these</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.V41D1489T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFM.V41D1489T"><span>Geochemistry of NE Atlantic non-rifting <span class="hlt">zones</span>, Iceland and Jan Mayen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tronnes, R. G.; Waight, T.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>The fertile components of the NE Atlantic mantle are <span class="hlt">sampled</span> preferentially by alkaline basalts in the volcanic flank <span class="hlt">zones</span> of Iceland and in the Jan Mayen and Vesteris seamount areas. Our data from primitive flank <span class="hlt">zone</span> lavas from Iceland and Jan Mayen demonstrate a HIMU-affinity with enrichment of HFSE, U/Pb, Th/U and Nb/Th. In PM-normalized spider diagrams the least enriched <span class="hlt">samples</span> have weakly positive Sr-anomalies, whereas the most enriched <span class="hlt">samples</span> have negative Sr-anomalies. The entire <span class="hlt">sample</span> suite shows negative Sr-Nd-isotope correlation, whereas the <span class="hlt">samples</span> of each volcanic system or flank <span class="hlt">zone</span> generally lack such a correlation. Our data confirm the anomalously high 87/86Sr of the Orafajokull volcanic system in the eastern flank <span class="hlt">zone</span>. The results are consistent with existing data for other primitive flank <span class="hlt">zone</span> basalts from Iceland and Jan Mayen. Common geochemical features linking alkaline flank <span class="hlt">zone</span> basalts and high-degree tholeiitic melts include high 87/86Sr (and probably 176/177Hf) for a given 143/144Nd, negative delta-207Pb (except for Orafajokull) and positive delta-Nb. Alkaline flank <span class="hlt">zone</span> basalts have generally higher 87/86Sr, 206/204Pb and 18/16O and lower 143/144Nd, 187/188Os and 3/4He than rift <span class="hlt">zone</span> tholeiites. The different 18/16O ratios in flank and rift <span class="hlt">zone</span> basalts are consistent with seafloor hydrothermal alteration of the upper and lower parts of recycled oceanic lithosphere, respectively. Olivine-melt fractionation may contribute to the difference. Indications of lower 187/188Os in alkaline basalts compared to nearby rift <span class="hlt">zone</span> tholeiites could be caused by subduction <span class="hlt">zone</span> loss of Re from the upper part of recycled slabs. The partial melting and volcanic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> of the fertile mantle components under Iceland and the NE Atlantic is governed by the crustal structure and geometry of the Icelandic volcanic <span class="hlt">zones</span> and the lateral deflection of the upwelling heterogeneous mantle source originating under central Iceland. Based on the pattern of V</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/radiation/epas-response-february-2014-release-radioactive-material-waste-isolation-pilot-plant-wipp','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/epas-response-february-2014-release-radioactive-material-waste-isolation-pilot-plant-wipp"><span>EPA's Response to the February 2014 Release of Radioactive Material from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP): EPA's WIPP <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Data from April 2014</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>In April 2014, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) environmental monitoring and assessment team members reviewed DOE's <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> plan, visited DOE's <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers and placed <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers onsite near existing DOE samplers to corroborate results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389346','SCIGOV-DOEDE'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389346"><span>Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Network (1985 - 2007)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/dataexplorer">DOE Data Explorer</a></p> <p>Keeling, R. F. [Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California, La Jolla, California (USA); Piper, S. C. [Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California, La Jolla, California (USA); Bollenbacher, A. F. [Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California, La Jolla, California (USA); Walker , J. S. [Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California, La Jolla, California (USA)</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>At Alert weekly <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> are collected in 5-L evacuated glass flasks exposed in triplicate. Flasks are returned to the SIO for CO2 determinations, which are made using an Applied Physics Corporation nondispersive infrared gas analyzer. In May 1983, the CO2-in-N2 calibration gases were replaced with CO2-in-<span class="hlt">air</span> calibration gases, which are currently used (Keeling et al. 2002). Data are in terms of the Scripps "03A" calibration scale. On the basis of flask <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected at Alert and analyzed by SIO, the annual average of the fitted monthly concentrations CO2 rose from 348.48 ppmv in 1986 to 384.84 ppmv in 2007. This represents an average annual growth rate of 1.73 ppmv per year at Alert.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4622230','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4622230"><span>Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Link Burkholderia pseudomallei from <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> to Mediastinal Melioidosis, Australia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Price, Erin P.; Mayo, Mark; Kaestli, Mirjam; Theobald, Vanessa; Harrington, Ian; Harrington, Glenda; Sarovich, Derek S.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The frequency with which melioidosis results from inhalation rather than percutaneous inoculation or ingestion is unknown. We recovered Burkholderia pseudomallei from <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> at the residence of a patient with presumptive inhalational melioidosis and used whole-genome sequencing to link the environmental bacteria to B. pseudomallei recovered from the patient. PMID:26488732</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28705586','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28705586"><span>Capillary <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis determination of aniline and pyridine in sewage <span class="hlt">samples</span> using transient isotachophoresis with a system-induced terminator.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hattori, Takanari; Okamura, Hideo; Asaoka, Satoshi; Fukushi, Keiichi</p> <p>2017-08-18</p> <p>Transient isotachophoresis (tITP) with a system-induced terminator (SIT) was developed for capillary <span class="hlt">zone</span> electrophoresis (CZE) determination of aniline (An + ) and pyridine (Py + ) in sewage <span class="hlt">samples</span>. After <span class="hlt">sample</span> injection, a water vial was set at the <span class="hlt">sample</span>-inlet side. Then voltage was applied to generate a system-induced terminator (H + ). Experiments and simulations revealed a concentration effect by tITP with an SIT: background electrolyte (BGE) - 100mM acetic acid (AcOH) and 50mM NaOH (pH 4.6); detection wavelength - 200nm for An + and 254nm for Py + ; vacuum injection period - 15s (190nL); SIT generation - 10kV applied for 80s with the <span class="hlt">sample</span> inlet side anode; separation voltage - 20kV with the <span class="hlt">sample</span> inlet side anode. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) of An + and Py + respectively reached 10 and 42μg/L, with good repeatability (peak area RSDs≤6.9%) and calibration graph linearity (R 2 =0.9997). The proposed method was applied for determination of An + and Py + in sewage <span class="hlt">samples</span>. Recoveries of An + (0.50mg/L) and Py + (2.0mg/L) in spiked sewage <span class="hlt">samples</span> were 94-104%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756139','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756139"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods for measuring exposure to volatile inorganic acids in workplace <span class="hlt">air</span>. Part 1: <span class="hlt">sampling</span> hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO₃) from a test gas atmosphere.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Howe, Alan; Musgrove, Darren; Breuer, Dietmar; Gusbeth, Krista; Moritz, Andreas; Demange, Martine; Oury, Véronique; Rousset, Davy; Dorotte, Michel</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Historically, workplace exposure to the volatile inorganic acids hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO(3)) has been determined mostly by collection on silica gel sorbent tubes and analysis of the corresponding anions by ion chromatography (IC). However, HCl and HNO(3) can be present in workplace <span class="hlt">air</span> in the form of mist as well as vapor, so it is important to <span class="hlt">sample</span> the inhalable fraction of airborne particles. As sorbent tubes exhibit a low <span class="hlt">sampling</span> efficiency for inhalable particles, a more suitable method was required. This is the first of two articles on "Evaluation of <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Methods for Measuring Exposure to Volatile Inorganic Acids in Workplace <span class="hlt">Air</span>" and describes collaborative <span class="hlt">sampling</span> exercises carried out to evaluate an alternative method for <span class="hlt">sampling</span> HCl and HNO(3) using sodium carbonate-impregnated filters. The second article describes <span class="hlt">sampling</span> capacity and breakthrough tests. The method was found to perform well and a quartz fiber filter impregnated with 500 μL of 1 M Na(2)CO(3) (10% (m/v) Na(2)CO(3)) was found to have sufficient <span class="hlt">sampling</span> capacity for use in workplace <span class="hlt">air</span> measurement. A pre-filter is required to remove particulate chlorides and nitrates that when present would otherwise result in a positive interference. A GSP sampler fitted with a plastic cone, a closed face cassette, or a plastic IOM sampler were all found to be suitable for mounting the pre-filter and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> filter(s), but care has to be taken with the IOM sampler to ensure that the sampler is tightly closed to avoid leaks. HCl and HNO(3) can react with co-<span class="hlt">sampled</span> particulate matter on the pre-filter, e.g., zinc oxide, leading to low results, and stronger acids can react with particulate chlorides and nitrates removed by the pre-filter to liberate HCl and HNO(3), which are subsequently collected on the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> filter, leading to high results. However, although there is this potential for both positive and negative interferences in the measurement, these are unavoidable</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3408124','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3408124"><span>Does the Exposure of Urine <span class="hlt">Samples</span> to <span class="hlt">Air</span> Affect Diagnostic Tests for Urine Acidification?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yi, Joo-Hark; Shin, Hyun-Jong; Kim, Sun-Moon; Han, Sang-Woong; Oh, Man-Seok</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Summary Background and objectives For accurate measurement of pH, urine collection under oil to limit the escape of CO2 on <span class="hlt">air</span> exposure is recommended. This study aims to test the hypothesis that urine collection under oil is not necessary in acidic urine in which bicarbonate and CO2 are minor buffers, because loss of CO2 would have little effect on its pH. Design, setting, participants, & measurements One hundred consecutive random urine <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected under oil and analyzed for pH, pCO2, and HCO3− immediately and after 5 minutes of vigorous shaking in uncovered flasks to allow CO2 escape. Results The pH values in 97 unshaken <span class="hlt">samples</span> ranged from 5.03 to 6.83. With shaking, urine pCO2 decreased by 76%, whereas urine HCO3− decreased by 60%. Meanwhile, urine baseline median pH (interquartile range) of 5.84 (5.44–6.25) increased to 5.93 (5.50–6.54) after shaking (ΔpH=0.12 [0.07–0.29], P<0.001). ΔpH with pH≤6.0 was significantly lower than the ΔpH with pH>6.0 (0.08 [0.05–0.12] versus 0.36 [0.23–0.51], P<0.001). Overall, the lower the baseline pH, the smaller the ΔpH. Conclusions The calculation of buffer reactions in a hypothetical acidic urine predicted a negligible effect on urine pH on loss of CO2 by <span class="hlt">air</span> exposure, which was empirically proven by the experimental study. Therefore, exposure of urine to <span class="hlt">air</span> does not substantially alter the results of diagnostic tests for urine acidification, and urine collection under oil is not necessary. PMID:22700881</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860005888','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860005888"><span>Collection and analysis of NASA clean room <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sheldon, L. S.; Keever, J.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The environment of the HALOE assembly clean room at NASA Langley Research Center is analyzed to determine the background levels of airborne organic compounds. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> is accomplished by pumping the clean room <span class="hlt">air</span> through absorbing cartridges. For volatile organics, cartridges are thermally desorbed and then analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, compounds are identified by searching the EPA/NIH data base using an interactive operator INCOS computer search algorithm. For semivolatile organics, cartridges are solvent entracted and concentrated extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection, compound identification is made by matching gas chromatogram retention times with known standards. The detection limits for the semivolatile organics are; 0.89 ng cu m for dioctylphlhalate (DOP) and 1.6 ng cu m for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). The detection limit for volatile organics ranges from 1 to 50 parts per trillion. Only trace quantities of organics are detected, the DOP levels do not exceed 2.5 ng cu m and the PCB levels do not exceed 454 ng cu m.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.6750J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.6750J"><span>Evaluation of short-term tracer fluctuations in groundwater and soil <span class="hlt">air</span> in a two year study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jenner, Florian; Mayer, Simon; Aeschbach, Werner; Weissbach, Therese</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The application of gas tracers like noble gases (NGs), SF6 or CFCs in groundwater studies such as paleo temperature determination requires a detailed understanding of the dynamics of reactive and inert gases in the soil <span class="hlt">air</span> with which the infiltrating water equilibrates. Due to microbial gas consumption and production, NG partial pressures in soil <span class="hlt">air</span> can deviate from atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span>, an effect that could bias noble gas temperatures estimates if not taken into account. So far, such an impact on NG contents in groundwater has not been directly demonstrated. We provide the first long-term study of the above mentioned gas tracers and physical parameters in both the saturated and unsaturated soil <span class="hlt">zone</span>, <span class="hlt">sampled</span> continuously for more than two years near Mannheim (Germany). NG partial pressures in soil <span class="hlt">air</span> correlate with soil moisture and the sum value of O2+CO2, with a maximal significant enhancement of 3-6% with respect to atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span> during summer time. Observed seasonal fluctuations result in a mass dependent fractionation of NGs in soil <span class="hlt">air</span>. Concentrations of SF6 and CFCs in soil <span class="hlt">air</span> are determined by corresponding fluctuations in local atmospheric <span class="hlt">air</span>, caused by industrial emissions. Arising concentration peaks are damped with increasing soil depth. Shallow groundwater shows short-term NG fluctuations which are smoothed within a few meters below the water table. A correlation between NG contents of soil <span class="hlt">air</span> and of groundwater is observable during strong recharge events. However, there is no evidence for a permanent influence of seasonal variations of soil <span class="hlt">air</span> composition on shallow groundwater. Fluctuating NG contents in shallow groundwater are rather determined by variations of soil temperature and water table level. Our data gives evidence for a further temperature driven equilibration of groundwater with entrapped <span class="hlt">air</span> bubbles within the topmost saturated <span class="hlt">zone</span>, which permanently occurs even some years after recharge. Local subsurface temperature fluctuations</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76471&keyword=Identity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=76471&keyword=Identity&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>CTEPP STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR EXTRACTING AND PREPARING <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLES</span> FOR ANALYSIS OF NEUTRAL PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (SOP-5.12)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The method is for extracting an indoor and outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> consisting of a quartz fiber filter and an XAD-2 cartridge for analysis of neutral persistent organic pollutants. It covers the extraction and concentration of <span class="hlt">samples</span> that are to be analyzed by gas chromatography/mass...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGeo..117...75Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGeo..117...75Y"><span>Estimates of effective elastic thickness at subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, An; Fu, Yongtao</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The effective elastic thickness (Te) is an important parameter that characterizes the long-term strength of the lithosphere. Estimates of Te at subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span> have important tectonic and geodynamic implications, providing constraints for the strength of the oceanic lithosphere at a short-term scale. We estimated Te values in several subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span> worldwide by using models including both surface and subsurface loads from the analysis of free-<span class="hlt">air</span> gravity anomaly and bathymetric data, together with a moving window admittance technique (MWAT). Tests with synthetic gravity and bathymetry data show that this method is a reliable way to recover Te of oceanic lithosphere. Our results show that there is a noticeable reduction in the effective elastic thickness of the subducting plate from the outer rise to the trench axis for most studied subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span>, suggesting plate weakening at the trench-outer rise of the subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span>. These subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span> have Te range of 6-60 km, corresponding to a wide range of isotherms from 200 to 800 °C. Different trenches show distinct patterns. The Caribbean, Kuril-Japan, Mariana and Tonga subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span> show predominantly high Te. By contrast, the Middle America and Java subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span> have a much lower Te. The Peru-Chile, Aleutian and Philippine subduction <span class="hlt">zones</span> show considerable scatter. The large variation of the isotherm for different trenches does not show clear relationship with plate weakening at the outer rise.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-08-20/pdf/2012-20355.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-08-20/pdf/2012-20355.pdf"><span>77 FR 50065 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Jacksonville Sea and Sky Spectacular, Atlantic Ocean; Jacksonville Beach, FL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-08-20</p> <p>... 1625-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Jacksonville Sea and Sky Spectacular, Atlantic Ocean; Jacksonville Beach, FL... during the Jacksonville Sea and Sky Spectacular <span class="hlt">air</span> show. The event is scheduled to take place from....T07-0660 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Jacksonville Sea and Sky Spectacular, Atlantic Ocean, Jacksonville Beach, FL. (a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980000174','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19980000174"><span>Conflict Detection and Resolution for Future <span class="hlt">Air</span> Transportation Management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Krozel, Jimmy; Peters, Mark E.; Hunter, George</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>With a Free Flight policy, the emphasis for <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic control is shifting from active control to passive <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic management with a policy of intervention by exception. Aircraft will be allowed to fly user preferred routes, as long as safety Alert <span class="hlt">Zones</span> are not violated. If there is a potential conflict, two (or more) aircraft must be able to arrive at a solution for conflict resolution without controller intervention. Thus, decision aid tools are needed in Free Flight to detect and resolve conflicts, and several problems must be solved to develop such tools. In this report, we analyze and solve problems of proximity management, conflict detection, and conflict resolution under a Free Flight policy. For proximity management, we establish a system based on Delaunay Triangulations of aircraft at constant flight levels. Such a system provides a means for analyzing the neighbor relationships between aircraft and the nearby free space around <span class="hlt">air</span> traffic which can be utilized later in conflict resolution. For conflict detection, we perform both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional analyses based on the penetration of the Protected Airspace <span class="hlt">Zone</span>. Both deterministic and non-deterministic analyses are performed. We investigate several types of conflict warnings including tactical warnings prior to penetrating the Protected Airspace <span class="hlt">Zone</span>, methods based on the reachability overlap of both aircraft, and conflict probability maps to establish strategic Alert <span class="hlt">Zones</span> around aircraft.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569522','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569522"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods for toxicological testing of indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> particulate matter.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tirkkonen, Jenni; Täubel, Martin; Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta; Leppänen, Hanna; Lindsley, William G; Chen, Bean T; Hyvärinen, Anne; Huttunen, Kati</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>There is a need for toxicity tests capable of recognizing indoor environments with compromised <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, especially in the context of moisture damage. One of the key issues is <span class="hlt">sampling</span>, which should both provide meaningful material for analyses and fulfill requirements imposed by practitioners using toxicity tests for health risk assessment. We aimed to evaluate different existing methods of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> indoor particulate matter (PM) to develop a suitable <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategy for a toxicological assay. During three <span class="hlt">sampling</span> campaigns in moisture-damaged and non-damaged school buildings, we evaluated one passive and three active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods: the Settled Dust Box (SDB), the Button Aerosol Sampler, the Harvard Impactor and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Bioaerosol Cyclone Sampler. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to particle suspensions and cell metabolic activity (CMA), production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) were determined after 24 h of exposure. The repeatability of the toxicological analyses was very good for all tested sampler types. Variability within the schools was found to be high especially between different classrooms in the moisture-damaged school. Passively collected settled dust and PM collected actively with the NIOSH Sampler (Stage 1) caused a clear response in exposed cells. The results suggested the higher relative immunotoxicological activity of dust from the moisture-damaged school. The NIOSH Sampler is a promising candidate for the collection of size-fractionated PM to be used in toxicity testing. The applicability of such <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategy in grading moisture damage severity in buildings needs to be developed further in a larger cohort of buildings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JCHyd..96..169P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JCHyd..96..169P"><span>DNAPL distribution in the source <span class="hlt">zone</span>: Effect of soil structure and uncertainty reduction with increased <span class="hlt">sampling</span> density</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pantazidou, Marina; Liu, Ke</p> <p>2008-02-01</p> <p>This paper focuses on parameters describing the distribution of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants and investigates the variability of these parameters that results from soil heterogeneity. In addition, it quantifies the uncertainty reduction that can be achieved with increased density of soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Numerical simulations of DNAPL releases were performed using stochastic realizations of hydraulic conductivity fields generated with the same geostatistical parameters and conditioning data at two <span class="hlt">sampling</span> densities, thus generating two simulation ensembles of low and high density (three-fold increase) of soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. The results showed that DNAPL plumes in aquifers identical in a statistical sense exhibit qualitatively different patterns, ranging from compact to finger-like. The corresponding quantitative differences were expressed by defining several alternative measures that describe the DNAPL plume and computing these measures for each simulation of the two ensembles. The uncertainty in the plume features under study was affected to different degrees by the variability of the soil, with coefficients of variation ranging from about 20% to 90%, for the low-density <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Meanwhile, the increased soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span> frequency resulted in reductions of uncertainty varying from 7% to 69%, for low- and high-uncertainty variables, respectively. In view of the varying uncertainty in the characteristics of a DNAPL plume, remedial designs that require estimates of the less uncertain features of the plume may be preferred over others that need a more detailed characterization of the source <span class="hlt">zone</span> architecture.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-19/pdf/2013-22760.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-19/pdf/2013-22760.pdf"><span>78 FR 57482 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; America's Cup Aerobatic Box, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, CA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-09-19</p> <p>...-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; America's Cup Aerobatic Box, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, CA AGENCY: Coast Guard... America's Cup <span class="hlt">air</span> shows. These safety <span class="hlt">zones</span> are established to provide a clear area on the water for... announced by America's Cup Race Management. ADDRESSES: Documents mentioned in this preamble are part of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..126a2028M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..126a2028M"><span>Relative <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature analysis external building on Gowa Campus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mustamin, Tayeb; Rahim, Ramli; Baharuddin; Jamala, Nurul; Kusno, Asniawaty</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This study aims to data analyze the relative temperature and humidity of the <span class="hlt">air</span> outside the building. Data retrieval taken from weather monitoring device (monitoring) Vaisala, RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), Which is part of the AWS (Automatic Weather Stations) Then Processing data processed and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel program in the form of graph / picture fluctuation Which shows the average value, standard deviation, maximum value, and minimum value. Results of data processing then grouped in the form: Daily, and monthly, based on time intervals every 30 minutes. The results showed Outside <span class="hlt">air</span> temperatures in March, April, May and September 2016 Which entered in the thermal comfort <span class="hlt">zone</span> according to SNI standard (Indonesian National Standard) only at 06.00-10.00. In late March to early April Thermal comfort <span class="hlt">zone</span> also occurs at 15.30-18.00. The highest maximum <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature occurred in September 2016 at 11.01-11.30 And the lowest minimum value in September 2016, time 6:00 to 6:30. The result of the next analysis shows the level of data conformity with thermal comfort <span class="hlt">zone</span> based on SNI (Indonesian National Standard) every month.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-430.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title33-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title33-vol3-sec334-430.pdf"><span>33 CFR 334.430 - Neuse River and tributaries at Marine Corps <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station Cherry Point, North Carolina; restricted...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... Marine Corps <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station Cherry Point, North Carolina; restricted area and danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. 334.430 Section... <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station Cherry Point, North Carolina; restricted area and danger <span class="hlt">zone</span>. (a) The restricted area... Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, extending from the mouth of Hancock Creek to a point approximately...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/us-epa-base-study-standard-operating-procedure-sampling-volatile-organic','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/us-epa-base-study-standard-operating-procedure-sampling-volatile-organic"><span>US EPA Base Study Standard Operating Procedure for <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Using Evacuated Canisters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The objective of this procedure is to collect a representative <span class="hlt">sample</span> of <span class="hlt">air</span> containing volatile organic compound (VOC) contaminants present in an indoor environment using an evacuated canister, and to subsequently analyze the concentration of VOCs, as selected by EPA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED11D0171C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMED11D0171C"><span>Measurements of CO2 Mole Fractionand δ13C in Archived <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Samples</span> from Cape Meares, Oregon (USA) 1977 - 1998</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Clark, O.; Rice, A. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant, anthropogenically forced greenhouse gas (GHG) in the global atmosphere. Emissions of CO2 account for approximately 75% of the world's total GHG emissions. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are higher now than they've been at any other time in the past 800,000 years. Currently, the global mean concentration exceeds 400 ppm. Today, global networks regularly monitor CO2 concentrations and isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O). However, past data is sparse. Over 200 ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from Cape Meares, Oregon (45.5°N, 124.0°W), a coastal site in Western United States, were obtained by researchers at Oregon Institute of Science and Technology (OGI, now Oregon Health & Science University), between the years of 1977 and 1998 as part of a global monitoring program of six different sites in the polar, middle, and tropical latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. <span class="hlt">Air</span> liquefaction was used to compress approximately 1000L of <span class="hlt">air</span> (STP) to 30bar, into 33L electropolished (SUMMA) stainless steel canisters. Select archived <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from the original network are maintained at Portland State University (PSU) Department of Physics. These archived <span class="hlt">samples</span> are a valuable look at changing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and δ13C, which can contribute to a better understanding of changes in sources during this time. CO2 concentrations and δ13C of CO2 were measured at PSU, with a Picarro Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer, model G1101-i analytical system. This study presents the analytical methods used, calibration techniques, precision, and reproducibility. Measurements of select <span class="hlt">samples</span> from the archive show rising CO2 concentrations and falling δ13C over the 1977 to 1998 period, compatible with previous observations and rising anthropogenic sources of CO2. The resulting data set was statistically analyzed in MATLAB. Results of preliminary seasonal and secular trends from the archive <span class="hlt">samples</span> are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1126286','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1126286"><span>Ventilation System Effectiveness and Tested Indoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rudd, Armin; Bergey, Daniel</p> <p></p> <p>Ventilation system effectiveness testing was conducted at two unoccupied, single-family, detached lab homes at the University of Texas - Tyler. Five ventilation system tests were conducted with various whole-building ventilation systems. Multizone fan pressurization testing characterized building and <span class="hlt">zone</span> enclosure leakage. PFT testing showed multizone <span class="hlt">air</span> change rates and interzonal airflow. Cumulative particle counts for six particle sizes, and formaldehyde and other Top 20 VOC concentrations were measured in multiple <span class="hlt">zones</span>. The testing showed that single-point exhaust ventilation was inferior as a whole-house ventilation strategy. It was inferior because the source of outside <span class="hlt">air</span> was not direct from outside, themore » ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span> was not distributed, and no provision existed for <span class="hlt">air</span> filtration. Indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> recirculation by a central <span class="hlt">air</span> distribution system can help improve the exhaust ventilation system by way of <span class="hlt">air</span> mixing and filtration. In contrast, the supply and balanced ventilation systems showed that there is a significant benefit to drawing outside <span class="hlt">air</span> from a known outside location, and filtering and distributing that <span class="hlt">air</span>. Compared to the Exhaust systems, the CFIS and ERV systems showed better ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span> distribution and lower concentrations of particulates, formaldehyde and other VOCs. System improvement percentages were estimated based on four System Factor Categories: Balance, Distribution, Outside <span class="hlt">Air</span> Source, and Recirculation Filtration. Recommended System Factors could be applied to reduce ventilation fan airflow rates relative to ASHRAE Standard 62.2 to save energy and reduce moisture control risk in humid climates. HVAC energy savings were predicted to be 8-10%, or $50-$75/year.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21162091-effect-air-staging-anthracite-combustion-nox-formation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21162091-effect-air-staging-anthracite-combustion-nox-formation"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">air</span>-staging on anthracite combustion and NOx formation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Weidong Fan; Zhengchun Lin; Youyi Li</p> <p></p> <p>Experiments were carried out in a multipath <span class="hlt">air</span> inlet one-dimensional furnace to assess NOx emission characteristics of the staged combustion of anthracite coal. These experiments allowed us to study the impact of pulverized coal fineness and burnout <span class="hlt">air</span> position on emission under both deep and shallow <span class="hlt">air</span>-staged combustion conditions. We also studied the impact of char-nitrogen release on both the burning-out process of the pulverized coal and the corresponding carbon content in fly ash. We found that <span class="hlt">air</span>-staged combustion affects a pronounced reduction in NOx emissions from the combustion of anthracite coal. The more the <span class="hlt">air</span> is staged, the moremore » NOx emission is reduced. In shallow <span class="hlt">air</span>-staged combustion (f{sub M} = 0.85), the fineness of the pulverized coal strongly influences emissions, and finer coals result in lower emissions. Meanwhile, the burnout <span class="hlt">air</span> position has only a weak effect. In the deep <span class="hlt">air</span>-staged combustion (f{sub M} = 0.6), the effect of coal fineness is smaller, and the burnout <span class="hlt">air</span> position has a stronger effect. When the primary combustion <span class="hlt">air</span> is stable, NOx emissions increase with increasing burnout <span class="hlt">air</span>. This proves that, in the burnout <span class="hlt">zone</span>, coal char is responsible for the discharge of fuel-nitrogen that is oxidized to NOx. The measurement of secondary <span class="hlt">air</span> staging in a burnout <span class="hlt">zone</span> can help inhibit the oxidization of NO caused by nitrogen release. <span class="hlt">Air</span>-staged combustion has little effect on the burnout of anthracite coal, which proves to be suitable for <span class="hlt">air</span>-staged combustion. 31 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1220297','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1220297"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Leakage and <span class="hlt">Air</span> Transfer Between Garage and Living Space</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rudd, Armin</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>This research project focused on evaluation of <span class="hlt">air</span> transfer between the garage and living space in a single-family detached home constructed by a production homebuilder in compliance with the 2009 International Residential Code and the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. The project gathered important information about the performance of whole-building ventilation systems and garage ventilation systems as they relate to minimizing flow of contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> from garage to living space. A series of 25 multi-point fan pressurization tests and additional <span class="hlt">zone</span> pressure diagnostic testing characterized the garage and house <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage, the garage-to-house <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage, and garage and house pressuremore » relationships to each other and to outdoors using automated fan pressurization and pressure monitoring techniques. While the relative characteristics of this house may not represent the entire population of new construction configurations and <span class="hlt">air</span> tightness levels (house and garage) throughout the country, the technical approach was conservative and should reasonably extend the usefulness of the results to a large spectrum of house configurations from this set of parametric tests in this one house. Based on the results of this testing, the two-step garage-to-house <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage test protocol described above is recommended where whole-house exhaust ventilation is employed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25724190','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25724190"><span>Does long-distance <span class="hlt">air</span> travel associated with the Sevens World Series increase players' risk of injury?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fuller, Colin W; Taylor, Aileen E; Raftery, Martin</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>To assess whether players who cross ≥6 time <span class="hlt">zones</span> and/or undertake ≥10 h <span class="hlt">air</span> travel prior to competition experience a higher risk of injury during the Sevens World Series than players not required to undertake this level of travel. Five-year, prospective, cohort study. All players from nine core teams competing in the Sevens World Series from 2008/2009 to 2013/2014. A total of 436 match injuries and 3363 player-match-hours of exposure were recorded in the study, which corresponds to an overall incidence of 129.6 injuries/1000 player-match-hours, irrespective of the nature of pretournament travel. The incidence of injury for those players crossing ≥6 time <span class="hlt">zones</span> and undertaking ≥10 h <span class="hlt">air</span> travel prior to competition (99.3 injuries/1000 player-match-hours) was significantly lower than that of players undertaking ≥10 h <span class="hlt">air</span> travel but crossing ≤2 time <span class="hlt">zones</span> prior to competition (148.8 injuries/1000 player-match-hours; p=0.003) and of those undertaking ≤3 h <span class="hlt">air</span> travel and crossing ≤2 time <span class="hlt">zones</span> prior to competition (146.4 injuries/1000 player-match-hours; p=0.004). There was no significant difference in the incidence of injury for players crossing ≤2 time <span class="hlt">zones</span> in the week prior to competition, irrespective of whether the length of <span class="hlt">air</span> travel was ≤3 h or ≥10 h (p=0.904). Precompetition <span class="hlt">air</span> travel had no significant effect (p=0.879) on the performance of teams in terms of their final Tournament ranking positions. There was no evidence to suggest that players were exposed to a greater risk of injury following extensive <span class="hlt">air</span> travel and crossing multiple time <span class="hlt">zones</span> prior to Tournaments in the Sevens World Series. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4391972','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4391972"><span>Exploring prenatal outdoor <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, birth outcomes and neonatal health care utilization in a nationally representative <span class="hlt">sample</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Trasande, Leonardo; Wong, Kendrew; Roy, Angkana; Savitz, David A.; Thurston, George</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The impact of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution on fetal growth remains controversial, in part, because studies have been limited to sub-regions of the United States with limited variability. No study has examined <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution impacts on neonatal health care utilization. We performed descriptive, univariate and multivariable analyses on administrative hospital record data from 222,359 births in the 2000, 2003 and 2006 Kids Inpatient Database linked to <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution data drawn from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Aerometric Information Retrieval System. In this study, <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposure during the birth month was estimated based on birth hospital address. Although <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutants were not individually associated with mean birth weight, a three-pollutant model controlling for hospital characteristics, demographics, and birth month identified 9.3% and 7.2% increases in odds of low birth weight and very low birth weight for each µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (both P<0.0001). PM2.5 and NO2 were associated with −3.0% odds/p.p.m. and +2.5% odds/p.p.b. of preterm birth, respectively (both P<0.0001). A four-pollutant multivariable model indicated a 0.05 days/p.p.m. NO2 decrease in length of the birth hospitalization (P=0.0061) and a 0.13 days increase/p.p.m. CO (P=0.0416). A $1166 increase in per child costs was estimated for the birth hospitalization per p.p.m. CO (P=0.0002) and $964 per unit increase in O3 (P=0.0448). A reduction from the 75th to the 25th percentile in the highest CO quartile for births predicts annual savings of $134.7 million in direct health care costs. In a national, predominantly urban, <span class="hlt">sample</span>, <span class="hlt">air</span> pollutant exposures during the month of birth are associated with increased low birth weight and neonatal health care utilization. Further study of this database, with enhanced control for confounding, improved exposure assessment, examination of exposures across multiple time windows in pregnancy, and in the entire national <span class="hlt">sample</span>, is supported by these initial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-08-20/pdf/2012-20348.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-08-20/pdf/2012-20348.pdf"><span>77 FR 50062 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Embry-Riddle Wings and Waves, Atlantic Ocean; Daytona Beach, FL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-08-20</p> <p>... 1625-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Embry-Riddle Wings and Waves, Atlantic Ocean; Daytona Beach, FL AGENCY: Coast...-Riddle Wings and Waves <span class="hlt">air</span> show. The event is scheduled to take place from Thursday, October 11, 2012...: Sec. 165.T07-0653 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Embry Riddle Wings and Waves, Atlantic Ocean, Daytona Beach, FL. (a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011047','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011047"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality in the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) Based on <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Returned by STS-102 at the Conclusion of 5A.1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>James, John T.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The toxicological assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> returned at the end of the STS-102 (5A.1) flight to the ISS is reported. ISS <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken in late February 2001 from the Service Module, FGB, and U.S. Laboratory using grab <span class="hlt">sample</span> canisters (GSCs) and/or formaldehyde badges . A "first-entry" <span class="hlt">sample</span> of the multipurpose logistics module (MPLM) atmosphere was taken with a GSC, and preflight and end-of-mission <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained from Discovery using GSCs. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and all quality control measures were met for the data presented herein. The two general criteria used to assess <span class="hlt">air</span> quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 contribution). Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols were also assessed in each <span class="hlt">sample</span>. Formaldehyde is quantified separately.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293299','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293299"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span>-soil exchange of PCBs: levels and temporal variations at two sites in Turkey.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yolsal, Didem; Salihoglu, Güray; Tasdemir, Yücel</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Seasonal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the <span class="hlt">air</span>-soil intersection was determined for two regions: one with urban characteristics where traffic is dense (BUTAL) and the other representing the coastal <span class="hlt">zone</span> (Mudanya). Fifty-one <span class="hlt">air</span> and soil <span class="hlt">samples</span> were simultaneously collected. Total PCB (Σ82 PCB) levels in the soil <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected during a 1-year period ranged between 105 and 7,060 pg/g dry matter (dm) (BUTAL) and 110 and 2,320 pg/g dm (Mudanya). Total PCB levels in the gaseous phase were measured to be between 100 and 910 pg/m(3) (BUTAL) and 75 and 1,025 pg/m(3) (Mudanya). Variations in the concentrations were observed depending on the season. Though the PCB concentrations measured in the atmospheres of both regions in the summer months were high, they were found to be lower in winter. However, while soil PCB levels were measured to be high at BUTAL during summer months, they were found to be high during winter months in Mudanya. The direction and amount of the PCB movement were determined by calculating the gaseous phase change fluxes at <span class="hlt">air</span>-soil intersection. While a general PCB movement from soil to <span class="hlt">air</span> was found for BUTAL, the PCB movement from <span class="hlt">air</span> to soil was calculated for the Mudanya region in most of the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> events. During the warmer seasons PCB movement towards the atmosphere was observed due to evaporation from the soil. With decreases in the temperature, both decreases in the number of PCB congeners occurring in the <span class="hlt">air</span> and a change in the direction of some congeners were observed, possibly caused by deposition from the atmosphere to the soil. 3-CB and 4-CB congeners were found to be dominant in the atmosphere, and 4-, 5-, and 6-CBs were found to dominate in the surface soils.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343739"><span>A system for high-quality CO2 isotope analyses of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected by the CARIBIC Airbus A340-600.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Assonov, S; Taylor, P; Brenninkmeijer, C A M</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>In 2007, JRC-IRMM began a series of atmospheric CO2 isotope measurements, with the focus on understanding instrumental effects, corrections as well as metrological aspects. The calibration approach at JRC-IRMM is based on use of a plain CO2 <span class="hlt">sample</span> (working reference CO2) as a calibration carrier and CO2-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures (in high-pressure cylinders) to determine the method-related correction under actual analytical conditions (another calibration carrier, in the same form as the <span class="hlt">samples</span>). Although this approach differs from that in other laboratories, it does give a direct link to the primary reference NBS-19-CO2. It also helps to investigate the magnitude and nature for each of the instrumental corrections and allows for the quantification of the uncertainty introduced. Critical tests were focused on the instrumental corrections. It was confirmed that the use of non-symmetrical capillary crimping (an approach used here to deal with small <span class="hlt">samples</span>) systematically modifies delta13C(CO2) and delta18O(CO2), with a clear dependence on the amount of extracted CO2. However, the calibration of CO2-<span class="hlt">air</span> mixtures required the use of the symmetrical dual-inlet mode. As a proof of our approach, we found that delta13C(CO2) on extracts from mixtures agreed (within 0.010 per thousand) with values obtained from the 'mother' CO2 used for the mixtures. It was further found that very low levels of hydrocarbons in the pumping systems and the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) instrument itself were critical. The m/z 46 values (consequently the calculated delta18O(CO2) values) are affected by several other effects with traces of <span class="hlt">air</span> co-trapped with frozen CO2 being the most critical. A careful cryo-distillation of the extracted CO2 is recommended. After extensive testing, optimisation, and routine automated use, the system was found to give precise data on <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> that can be traced with confidence to the primary standards. The typical total combined uncertainty in delta13C(CO2) and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27346442','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27346442"><span>New insight into the levels, distribution and health risk diagnosis of indoor and outdoor dust-bound FRs in colder, rural and industrial <span class="hlt">zones</span> of Pakistan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khan, Muhammad Usman; Li, Jun; Zhang, Gan; Malik, Riffat Naseem</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>This is the first robust study designed to probe selected flame retardants (FRs) in the indoor and outdoor dust of industrial, rural and background <span class="hlt">zones</span> of Pakistan with special emphasis upon their occurrence, distribution and associated health risk. For this purpose, we analyzed FRs such as polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), dechlorane plus (DP), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in the total of 82 dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> (indoor and outdoor) collected three from each <span class="hlt">zone</span>: industrial, rural and background. We found higher concentrations of FRs (PBDEs, DP, NBFRs and OPFRs) in industrial <span class="hlt">zones</span> as compared to the rural and background <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Our results reveal that the concentrations of studied FRs are relatively higher in the indoor dust <span class="hlt">samples</span> being compared with the outdoor dust and they are ranked as: ∑OPFRs > ∑NBFRs > ∑PBDEs > ∑DP. A significant correlation in the FRs levels between the indoor and outdoor dust suggest the potential intermixing of these compounds between them. The principal component analysis/multiple linear regression predicts the percent contribution of FRs from different consumer products in the indoor and outdoor dust of industrial, rural and background <span class="hlt">zones</span> to trace their source origin. The FRs detected in the background <span class="hlt">zones</span> reveal the dust-bound FRs suspended in the <span class="hlt">air</span> might be shifted from different warmer <span class="hlt">zones</span> or consumers products available/used in the same <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Hazard quotient (HQ) for FRs via indoor and outdoor dust intake at mean and high dust scenarios to the exposed populations (adults and toddlers) are found free of risk (HQ < 1) in the target <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Furthermore, our nascent results will provide a baseline record of FRs (PBDEs, DP, NBFRs and OPFRs) concentrations in the indoor and outdoor dust of Pakistan. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212588','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212588"><span>Evaluation of sequential extraction procedures for soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds in workplace <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ashley, Kevin; Applegate, Gregory T; Marcy, A Dale; Drake, Pamela L; Pierce, Paul A; Carabin, Nathalie; Demange, Martine</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>Because toxicities may differ for Cr(VI) compounds of varying solubility, some countries and organizations have promulgated different occupational exposure limits (OELs) for soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds, and analytical methods are needed to determine these species in workplace <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span>. To address this need, international standard methods ASTM D6832 and ISO 16740 have been published that describe sequential extraction techniques for soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) in <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from occupational settings. However, no published performance data were previously available for these Cr(VI) sequential extraction procedures. In this work, the sequential extraction methods outlined in the relevant international standards were investigated. The procedures tested involved the use of either deionized water or an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide buffer solution to target soluble Cr(VI) species. This was followed by extraction in a sodium carbonate/sodium hydroxide buffer solution to dissolve insoluble Cr(VI) compounds. Three-step sequential extraction with (1) water, (2) sulfate buffer and (3) carbonate buffer was also investigated. Sequential extractions were carried out on spiked <span class="hlt">samples</span> of soluble, sparingly soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) compounds, and analyses were then generally carried out by using the diphenylcarbazide method. Similar experiments were performed on paint pigment <span class="hlt">samples</span> and on airborne particulate filter <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected from stainless steel welding. Potential interferences from soluble and insoluble Cr(III) compounds, as well as from Fe(II), were investigated. Interferences from Cr(III) species were generally absent, while the presence of Fe(II) resulted in low Cr(VI) recoveries. Two-step sequential extraction of spiked <span class="hlt">samples</span> with (first) either water or sulfate buffer, and then carbonate buffer, yielded quantitative recoveries of soluble Cr(VI) and insoluble Cr(VI), respectively. Three-step sequential</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4697953','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4697953"><span>Dosing antiretroviral medication when crossing time <span class="hlt">zones</span>: a review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lewis, Joseph M.; Volny-Anne, Alain; Waitt, Catriona; Boffito, Marta; Khoo, Saye</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>International tourism continues to increase worldwide, and people living with HIV and their clinicians are increasingly confronted with the problem of how to dose antiretroviral therapy during transmeridian <span class="hlt">air</span> travel across time <span class="hlt">zones</span>. No guidance on this topic currently exists. This review is a response to requests from patient groups for clear, practical and evidence-based guidance for travelling on antiretroviral therapy; we present currently available data on the pharmacokinetic forgiveness and toxicity of various antiretroviral regimens, and synthesize this data to provide guidelines on how to safely dose antiretrovirals when travelling across time <span class="hlt">zones</span>. PMID:26684823</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RMRE...46.1113K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RMRE...46.1113K"><span>Characterizing Excavation Damaged <span class="hlt">Zone</span> and Stability of Pressurized Lined Rock Caverns for Underground Compressed <span class="hlt">Air</span> Energy Storage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Hyung-Mok; Rutqvist, Jonny; Jeong, Ju-Hwan; Choi, Byung-Hee; Ryu, Dong-Woo; Song, Won-Kyong</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>In this paper, we investigate the influence of the excavation damaged <span class="hlt">zone</span> (EDZ) on the geomechanical performance of compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns. We conducted a detailed characterization of the EDZ in rock caverns that have been excavated for a Korean pilot test program on CAES in (concrete) lined rock caverns at shallow depth. The EDZ was characterized by measurements of P- and S-wave velocities and permeability across the EDZ and into undisturbed host rock. Moreover, we constructed an in situ concrete lining model and conducted permeability measurements in boreholes penetrating the concrete, through the EDZ and into the undisturbed host rock. Using the site-specific conditions and the results of the EDZ characterization, we carried out a model simulation to investigate the influence of the EDZ on the CAES performance, in particular related to geomechanical responses and stability. We used a modeling approach including coupled thermodynamic multiphase flow and geomechanics, which was proven to be useful in previous generic CAES studies. Our modeling results showed that the potential for inducing tensile fractures and <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage through the concrete lining could be substantially reduced if the EDZ around the cavern could be minimized. Moreover, the results showed that the most favorable design for reducing the potential for tensile failure in the lining would be a relatively compliant concrete lining with a tight inner seal, and a relatively stiff (uncompliant) host rock with a minimized EDZ. Because EDZ compliance depends on its compressibility (or modulus) and thickness, care should be taken during drill and blast operations to minimize the damage to the cavern walls.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1207/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1207/"><span>Interpretation of Borehole Geophysical Logs at Area C, Former Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Warfare Center, Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 2007</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sloto, Ronald A.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Navy at Area C of the former Naval <span class="hlt">Air</span> Warfare Center in Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pa., in support of hydrogeological investigations conducted by the Navy to address ground-water contamination in the Stockton Formation. Borehole geophysical logs were collected, heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were made, and borehole television surveys were run in seven boreholes ranging from 31 to 75 feet deep. Caliper logs and borehole television surveys were used to identify fractures and the location of possible water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to identify fractures that were water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span>. Natural-gamma and single-point-resistance logs were used to correlate lithology across the area. Elevated concentrations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were measured in water <span class="hlt">samples</span> from wells with water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span> in the interval of the aquifer where monitor well HN-23A is screened. Water <span class="hlt">samples</span> from wells with water-bearing <span class="hlt">zones</span> above or below this interval had substantially lower concentrations of PCE. Wells screened in this interval yielded less than 0.5 gallon per minute, indicating that the interval has low permeability; this may account for the small areal extent and slow migration of PCE.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011251','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011251"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality in the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) Based on <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Returned by STS-105 at the Conclusion of 7A.1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>James, John T.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The toxicological assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> returned at the end of the STS-105 (7 A.1) flight to the ISS is reported. ISS <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken in August 2001 from the Service Module, FGB, and U.S. Laboratory using grab <span class="hlt">sample</span> canisters (GSCs) and/or formaldehyde badges. Preflight and end-of-mission <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained from Discovery using GSCs. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and surrogate standard recoveries were 64-115%. Pressure tracking indicated no leaks in the canisters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18044501','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18044501"><span>Relative congener scaling of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to estimate building fire contributions in <span class="hlt">air</span>, surface wipes, and dust <span class="hlt">samples</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pleil, Joachim D; Lorber, Matthew N</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>The United States Environmental Protection Agency collected ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> in lower Manhattan for about 9 months following the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks. Measurements were made of a host of airborne contaminants including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, asbestos, lead, and other contaminants of concern. The present study focuses on the broad class of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) with specific emphasis on the 17 CDD/CDF congeners that exhibit mammalian toxicity. This work is a statistical study comparing the internal patterns of CDD/CDFs using data from an unambiguous fire event (WTC) and other data sets to help identify their sources. A subset of 29 <span class="hlt">samples</span> all taken between September 16 and October 31, 2001 were treated as a basis set known to be heavily impacted by the WTC building fire source. A second basis set was created using data from Los Angeles and Oakland, CA as published by the California <span class="hlt">Air</span> Resources Board (CARB) and treated as the archetypical background pattern for CDD/CDFs. The CARB data had a congener profile appearing similar to background <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from different locations in America and around the world and in different matrices, such as background soils. Such disparate data would normally be interpreted with a qualitative pattern recognition based on congener bar graphs or other forms of factor or cluster analysis that group similar <span class="hlt">samples</span> together graphically. The procedure developed here employs aspects of those statistical methods to develop a single continuous output variable per <span class="hlt">sample</span>. Specifically, a form of variance structure-based cluster analysis is used to group congeners within <span class="hlt">samples</span> to reduce collinearity in the basis sets, new variables are created based on these groups, and multivariate regression is applied to the reduced variable set to determine a predictive equation. This equation predicts a value for an output variable</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol2-sec256-10.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title32-vol2-sec256-10.pdf"><span>32 CFR 256.10 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> installations compatible use <span class="hlt">zone</span> noise descriptors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... available in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics)—IO, Washington... NEF, for meters of policy, noise planning and decisionmaking, areas quieter than Ldn 65 shall be considered approximately equivalent to the previously used CNR <span class="hlt">Zone</span> 1 and to areas quieter than NEF 30. The...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title32-vol2-sec256-10.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title32-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title32-vol2-sec256-10.pdf"><span>32 CFR 256.10 - <span class="hlt">Air</span> installations compatible use <span class="hlt">zone</span> noise descriptors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... available in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics)—IO, Washington... NEF, for meters of policy, noise planning and decisionmaking, areas quieter than Ldn 65 shall be considered approximately equivalent to the previously used CNR <span class="hlt">Zone</span> 1 and to areas quieter than NEF 30. The...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5414160-determination-sub-part-per-million-levels-formaldehyde-air-using-active-passive-sampling-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated-glass-fiber-filters-high-performance-liquid-chromatography','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5414160-determination-sub-part-per-million-levels-formaldehyde-air-using-active-passive-sampling-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated-glass-fiber-filters-high-performance-liquid-chromatography"><span>Determination of sub-part-per-million levels of formaldehyde in <span class="hlt">air</span> using active or passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span> on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated glass fiber filters and high-performance liquid chromatography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Levin, J.O.; Andersson, K.; Lindahl, R.</p> <p>1985-05-01</p> <p>Formaldehyde is <span class="hlt">sampled</span> from <span class="hlt">air</span> with the use of a standard miniature glass fiber filter impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and phosphoric acid. The formaldehyde hydrazone is desorbed from the filter with acetonitrile and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection at 365 nm. Recovery of gas-phase-generated formaldehyde as hydrazone from a 13-mm impregnated filter is 80-100% in the range 0.3-30 ..mu..g of formaldehyde. This corresponds to 0.1-10 mg/m/sup 3/ in a 3-L <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span>. When the filter <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system is used in the active mode, <span class="hlt">air</span> can be <span class="hlt">sampled</span> at a rate of up to 1 L/min, affording an overallmore » sensitivity of about 1 ..mu..g/m/sup 3/ based on a 60-L <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span>. Results are given from measurements of formaldehyde in indoor <span class="hlt">air</span>. The DNP-coated filters were also evaluated for passive <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. In this case 37-mm standard glass fibers were used and the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> rate was 55-65 mL/min in two types of dosimeters. The diffusion samplers are especially useful for personal exposure monitoring in the work environment. 24 references, 2 figures, 4 tables.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-03-07/pdf/2012-5547.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-03-07/pdf/2012-5547.pdf"><span>77 FR 13522 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span>; Baltimore <span class="hlt">Air</span> Show, Patapsco River, Baltimore, MD</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-03-07</p> <p>... Register. Background and Purpose The U.S. Navy History & Heritage Command, Office of Commemorations, is... public event will consist of military and civilian aircraft performing low-flying, high-speed precision... Harbor. In addition to the <span class="hlt">air</span> show dates, military and civilian aircraft performing in the <span class="hlt">air</span> show will...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942452','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942452"><span>Urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality assessment using monitoring data of fractionized aerosol <span class="hlt">samples</span>, chemometrics and meteorological conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yotova, Galina I; Tsitouridou, Roxani; Tsakovski, Stefan L; Simeonov, Vasil D</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The present article deals with assessment of urban <span class="hlt">air</span> by using monitoring data for 10 different aerosol fractions (0.015-16 μm) collected at a typical urban site in City of Thessaloniki, Greece. The data set was subject to multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) and, additionally, to HYSPLIT back trajectory modeling in order to assess in a better way the impact of the weather conditions on the pollution sources identified. A specific element of the study is the effort to clarify the role of outliers in the data set. The reason for the appearance of outliers is strongly related to the atmospheric condition on the particular <span class="hlt">sampling</span> days leading to enhanced concentration of pollutants (secondary emissions, sea sprays, road and soil dust, combustion processes) especially for ultra fine and coarse particles. It is also shown that three major sources affect the urban <span class="hlt">air</span> quality of the location studied-sea sprays, mineral dust and anthropogenic influences (agricultural activity, combustion processes, and industrial sources). The level of impact is related to certain extent to the aerosol fraction size. The assessment of the meteorological conditions leads to defining of four downwind patterns affecting the <span class="hlt">air</span> quality (Pelagic, Western and Central Europe, Eastern and Northeastern Europe and Africa and Southern Europe). Thus, the present study offers a complete urban <span class="hlt">air</span> assessment taking into account the weather conditions, pollution sources and aerosol fractioning.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri96-4091/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri96-4091/"><span>Hydrogeology at <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 4 and vicinity and water quality of the Paluxy Aquifer, Fort Worth, Texas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kuniansky, Eve L.; Jones, Sonya A.; Brock, Robert D.; Williams, M.D.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p> terrace alluvial aquifer appears to flow outward, away from <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 4; (2) a ground-water mound, possibly caused by downward leakage from the terrace alluvial aquifer, is present in the Paluxy "upper sand" beneath the "window;" and (3) lateral ground-water flow in regionally extensive parts of the Paluxy aquifer is from west to east-southeast. Trichloroethylene concentrations at <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 4 have ranged from about 10,000 to about 100,000 micrograms per liter in the terrace alluvial aquifer, from 8,000 to 11,000 micrograms per liter in the Paluxy "upper sand," and from 2 to 50 micrograms per liter in the upper and middle <span class="hlt">zones</span> of the Paluxy aquifer. Chromium concentrations at <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 4 have ranged from 0 to 629 micrograms per liter in the terrace alluvial aquifer. The seven municipal wells mostly west and south of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 4 are not along a flowpath for leakage of contaminants from the plant because ground-water flow in the Paluxy aquifer is toward the east-southeast. Furthermore, trichloroethylene was not detected in any of these wells in 1993 when all were <span class="hlt">sampled</span> for water quality. The results of water-quality <span class="hlt">sampling</span> at 10 domestic wells northwest of the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Force Plant 4 during April 1993 and April 1995 indicated that neither trichloroethylene nor chromium had migrated off-site to these wells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/673782-superfund-record-decision-epa-region-el-toro-marine-corps-air-station-operable-unit-site-voc-source-area-vadose-zone-el-toro-ca-september','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/673782-superfund-record-decision-epa-region-el-toro-marine-corps-air-station-operable-unit-site-voc-source-area-vadose-zone-el-toro-ca-september"><span>Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9): El Toro Marine Corps <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station, Operable Unit 2A (Site 24-VOC source area vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span>), El Toro, CA, September 29, 1997</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p></p> <p>This Interim Record of Decision (ROD) presents the selected remedial action for vadose <span class="hlt">zone</span> soil at Site 24 at Marine Corps <span class="hlt">Air</span> Station (MCAS) El Toro, located in El Toro, California. The selected remedy for remediation of soil at Site 24 is soil vapor extraction (SVE), the US EPA presumptive remedy for VOC-contaminated soil. The process uses a vacuum to pull VOC-contaminated vapors from the soil through SVE wells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-12-18/pdf/2012-30400.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-12-18/pdf/2012-30400.pdf"><span>77 FR 74784 - Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span> for Recovery Operations for East Jefferson Street Train Derailment, Mantua Creek...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-12-18</p> <p>... 1625-AA00 Safety <span class="hlt">Zone</span> for Recovery Operations for East Jefferson Street Train Derailment, Mantua Creek... establishing a safety <span class="hlt">zone</span> one mile north and one mile south of the East Jefferson Street Railroad Bridge... materials into Mantua Creek and the surrounding <span class="hlt">air</span>. This regulation is necessary to provide for the safety...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmEn.176...21V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmEn.176...21V"><span>Evaluation of active <span class="hlt">sampling</span> strategies for the determination of 1,3-butadiene in <span class="hlt">air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vallecillos, Laura; Maceira, Alba; Marcé, Rosa Maria; Borrull, Francesc</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Two analytical methods for determining levels of 1,3-butadiene in urban and industrial atmospheres were evaluated in this study. Both methods are extensively used for determining the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and involve collecting <span class="hlt">samples</span> by active adsorptive enrichment on solid sorbents. The first method uses activated charcoal as the sorbent and involves liquid desorption with carbon disulfide. The second involves the use of a multi-sorbent bed with two graphitised carbons and a carbon molecular sieve as the sorbent, with thermal desorption. Special attention was paid to the optimization of the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> procedure through the study of <span class="hlt">sample</span> volume, the stability of 1,3-butadiene once inside the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> tube and the humidity effect. In the end, the thermal desorption method showed better repeatability and limits of detection and quantification for 1,3-butadiene than the liquid desorption method, which makes the thermal desorption method more suitable for analysing <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> from both industrial and urban atmospheres. However, <span class="hlt">sampling</span> must be performed with a pre-tube filled with a drying agent to prevent the loss of the adsorption capacity of the solid adsorbent caused by water vapour. The thermal desorption method has successfully been applied to determine of 1,3-butadiene inside a 1,3-butadiene production plant and at three locations in the vicinity of the same plant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11808551','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11808551"><span>Ecotoxicological studies of environmental <span class="hlt">samples</span> from Buenos <span class="hlt">Aires</span> area using a standardized amphibian embryo toxicity test (AMPHITOX).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Herkovits, Jorge; Perez-Coll, Cristina; Herkovits, Francisco D</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The toxicity of 34 environmental <span class="hlt">samples</span> from potentially polluted and reference stations were evaluated by means of the AMPHITOX test from acute to chronic exposure according to the toxicity found in each <span class="hlt">sample</span>. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained from surface and ground water, leaches, industrial effluents and soils. The data, expressed in acute, short-term chronic and chronic Toxicity Units (TUa, TUstc and TUc) resulted in a maximal value of 1000 TUc, found in a leach, while the lower toxicity value was 1.4 TUa corresponding to two surface water <span class="hlt">samples</span>. In five <span class="hlt">samples</span> (four providing from reference places) no toxicity was detected. The results point out the possibility of evaluating the toxicity of a wide diversity of <span class="hlt">samples</span> by means of AMPHITOX as a customized toxicity test. The fact that almost all <span class="hlt">samples</span> with suspected toxicity in rivers and streams from the Metropolitan area of Buenos <span class="hlt">Aires</span> city resulted toxic, indicates the need of enhanced stewardship of chemical substances for environmental and human health protection purposes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=California+AND+pollution&id=ED072926','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=California+AND+pollution&id=ED072926"><span>Improved <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Method Reduces Isokinetic <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Errors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Karels, Gale G.</p> <p></p> <p>The particulate <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system currently in use by the Bay Area <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution Control District, San Francisco, California is described in this presentation for the 12th Conference on Methods in <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution and Industrial Hygiene Studies, University of Southern California, April, 1971. The method represents a practical, inexpensive tool that can…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030005098','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030005098"><span>Solar <span class="hlt">Air</span> Sampler</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Nation's first solar-cell-powered <span class="hlt">air</span> monitoring station was installed at Liberty State Park, New Jersey. Jointly sponsored by state agencies and the Department of Energy, system includes display which describes its operation to park visitors. Unit <span class="hlt">samples</span> <span class="hlt">air</span> every sixth day for a period of 24 hours. <span class="hlt">Air</span> is forced through a glass filter, then is removed each week for examination by the New Jersey Bureau of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Pollution. During the day, solar cells provide total power for the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> equipment. Excess energy is stored in a bank of lead-acid batteries for use when needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.A11A0026V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUFM.A11A0026V"><span>Evaluation of Impacts of Landuse Changes on <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality in Hyderabad Metropolis Using Remote Sensing and GIS - A Case Study from Indian Sub-Continent</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vuppala, P.; S. S, A.; Mareddy, A.</p> <p>2004-12-01</p> <p>Around the world cities in developing countries are rapidly growing as more and more people become urban dwellers resulting in increased level of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution caused by changes in transportation, energy production and industrial activities. <span class="hlt">Air</span> quality is an issue of critical importance in view of the accumulating evidence showing the adverse effects of pollution on human health, agricultural crops, manmade environments and ecosystems. An integrated study for identification of appropriate sites for representative evaluation of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution, novel means of monitoring <span class="hlt">air</span> quality, identifying the predominant sources of pollution, effective assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> quality and evaluation of different management strategies essential for the development of a healthy and livable region is carried out for Hyderabad metropolis in India using Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) based assessment tools. Correlation studies between the concentration level of pollutants in urban <span class="hlt">air</span> and urban land use are also dealt with. Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) is divided into eleven planning <span class="hlt">zones</span> out of which the present study area i.e. <span class="hlt">Zone</span> I & IIA comprises of industrial, highly commercial and densely populated areas, apart from medium and sparse residential areas making it environmentally sensitive. <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> locations were identified based on the land use/ land cover of the region and <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected from areas having varying land use patterns using a high volume <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler. The <span class="hlt">samples</span> were then analyzed for the presence of Sulphur oxides(SO--x), Oxides of Nitrogen(NO--x), Total Suspended Particulate Matter(TSPM) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter(RSPM) using standard protocols and maps showing spatial distribution of SOx, NO--x, TSPM & RSPM were prepared using curve fitting technique of Arc/Info & ArcView GIS software. <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Index (AQI), indicating the overall quality of <span class="hlt">air</span> and extent of pollution is also calculated, based on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1158425','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1158425"><span><span class="hlt">Air</span> Leakage and <span class="hlt">Air</span> Transfer Between Garage and Living Space</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rudd, A.</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>This research project focused on evaluation of <span class="hlt">air</span> transfer between the garage and living space in a single-family detached home constructed by a production homebuilder in compliance with the 2009 International Residential Code and the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. The project gathered important information about the performance of whole-building ventilation systems and garage ventilation systems as they relate to minimizing flow of contaminated <span class="hlt">air</span> from garage to living space. A series of 25 multi-point fan pressurization tests and additional <span class="hlt">zone</span> pressure diagnostic testing characterized the garage and house <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage, the garage-to-house <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage, and garage and house pressuremore » relationships to each other and to outdoors using automated fan pressurization and pressure monitoring techniques. While the relative characteristics of this house may not represent the entire population of new construction configurations and <span class="hlt">air</span> tightness levels (house and garage) throughout the country, the technical approach was conservative and should reasonably extend the usefulness of the results to a large spectrum of house configurations from this set of parametric tests in this one house. Based on the results of this testing, the two-step garage-to-house <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage test protocol described above is recommended where whole-house exhaust ventilation is employed. For houses employing whole-house supply ventilation (positive pressure) or balanced ventilation (same pressure effect as the Baseline condition), adherence to the EPA Indoor <span class="hlt">air</span>PLUS house-to-garage <span class="hlt">air</span> sealing requirements should be sufficient to expect little to no garage-to-house <span class="hlt">air</span> transfer.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.129.1133H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.129.1133H"><span>Estimation of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> error uncertainties in observed surface <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature change in China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hua, Wei; Shen, Samuel S. P.; Weithmann, Alexander; Wang, Huijun</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>This study examines the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> error uncertainties in the monthly surface <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature (SAT) change in China over recent decades, focusing on the uncertainties of gridded data, national averages, and linear trends. Results indicate that large <span class="hlt">sampling</span> error variances appear at the station-sparse area of northern and western China with the maximum value exceeding 2.0 K2 while small <span class="hlt">sampling</span> error variances are found at the station-dense area of southern and eastern China with most grid values being less than 0.05 K2. In general, the negative temperature existed in each month prior to the 1980s, and a warming in temperature began thereafter, which accelerated in the early and mid-1990s. The increasing trend in the SAT series was observed for each month of the year with the largest temperature increase and highest uncertainty of 0.51 ± 0.29 K (10 year)-1 occurring in February and the weakest trend and smallest uncertainty of 0.13 ± 0.07 K (10 year)-1 in August. The <span class="hlt">sampling</span> error uncertainties in the national average annual mean SAT series are not sufficiently large to alter the conclusion of the persistent warming in China. In addition, the <span class="hlt">sampling</span> error uncertainties in the SAT series show a clear variation compared with other uncertainty estimation methods, which is a plausible reason for the inconsistent variations between our estimate and other studies during this period.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70159475','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70159475"><span>Hydraulically controlled discrete <span class="hlt">sampling</span> from open boreholes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Harte, Philip T.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Groundwater <span class="hlt">sampling</span> from open boreholes in fractured-rock aquifers is particularly challenging because of mixing and dilution of fluid within the borehole from multiple fractures. This note presents an alternative to traditional <span class="hlt">sampling</span> in open boreholes with packer assemblies. The alternative system called ZONFLO (zonal flow) is based on hydraulic control of borehole flow conditions. Fluid from discrete fractures <span class="hlt">zones</span> are hydraulically isolated allowing for the collection of representative <span class="hlt">samples</span>. In rough-faced open boreholes and formations with less competent rock, hydraulic containment may offer an attractive alternative to physical containment with packers. Preliminary test results indicate a discrete <span class="hlt">zone</span> can be effectively hydraulically isolated from other <span class="hlt">zones</span> within a borehole for the purpose of groundwater <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using this new method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1757028','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1757028"><span>Do socioeconomic characteristics modify the short term association between <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and mortality? Evidence from a zonal time series in Hamilton, Canada</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jerrett, M; Burnett, R; Brook, J; Kanaroglou, P; Giovis, C; Finkelstein, N; Hutchison, B</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Study objective: To assess the short term association between <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution and mortality in different <span class="hlt">zones</span> of an industrial city. An intra-urban study design is used to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic characteristics modify the acute health effects of ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposure. Design: The City of Hamilton, Canada, was divided into five <span class="hlt">zones</span> based on proximity to fixed site <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution monitors. Within each <span class="hlt">zone</span>, daily counts of non-trauma mortality and <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution estimates were combined. Generalised linear models (GLMs) were used to test mortality associations with sulphur dioxide (SO2) and with particulate <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution measured by the coefficient of haze (CoH). Main results: Increased mortality was associated with <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposure in a citywide model and in intra-urban <span class="hlt">zones</span> with lower socioeconomic characteristics. Low educational attainment and high manufacturing employment in the <span class="hlt">zones</span> significantly and positively modified the acute mortality effects of <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution exposure. Discussion: Three possible explanations are proposed for the observed effect modification by education and manufacturing: (1) those in manufacturing receive higher workplace exposures that combine with ambient exposures to produce larger health effects; (2) persons with lower education are less mobile and experience less exposure measurement error, which reduces bias toward the null; or (3) manufacturing and education proxy for many social variables representing material deprivation, and poor material conditions increase susceptibility to health risks from <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution. PMID:14684724</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768714','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29768714"><span>Detection of an Avian Lineage Influenza A(H7N2) Virus in <span class="hlt">Air</span> and Surface <span class="hlt">Samples</span> at a New York City Feline Quarantine Facility.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blachere, Francoise M; Lindsley, William G; Weber, Angela M; Beezhold, Donald H; Thewlis, Robert E; Mead, Kenneth R; Noti, John D</p> <p>2018-05-16</p> <p>In December 2016, an outbreak of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N2) occurred in cats at a New York City animal shelter and quickly spread to other shelters in New York and Pennsylvania. The A(H7N2) virus also spread to an attending veterinarian. In response, 500 cats were transferred from these shelters to a temporary quarantine facility for continued monitoring and treatment. The objectives of this study was to assess the occupational risk of A(H7N2) exposure among emergency response workers at the feline quarantine facility. Aerosol and surface <span class="hlt">samples</span> were collected from inside and outside the isolation <span class="hlt">zones</span> of the quarantine facility. <span class="hlt">Samples</span> were screened for A(H7N2) by quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed in embryonated chicken eggs for infectious virus. H7N2 virus was detected by RT-PCR in 28 of 29 aerosol <span class="hlt">samples</span> collected in the high-risk isolation (hot) <span class="hlt">zone</span> with 70.9% on particles with aerodynamic diameters >4 μm, 27.7% in 1-4 μm, and 1.4% in <1 μm. Seventeen of 22 surface <span class="hlt">samples</span> from the high-risk isolation <span class="hlt">zone</span> were also H7N2-positive with an average M1 copy number of 1.3 x 10 3 . Passage of aerosol and surface <span class="hlt">samples</span> in eggs confirmed that infectious virus was present throughout the high-risk <span class="hlt">zones</span> in the quarantine facility. By measuring particle size, distribution, and infectivity, our study suggests that the A(H7N2) virus had the potential to spread by airborne transmission and/or direct contact with viral-laden fomites. These results warranted continued A(H7N2) surveillance and transmission-based precautions during the treatment and care of infected cats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA222663','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA222663"><span>Laboratory Development of a Passive <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Device for Hydrazines in Ambient <span class="hlt">Air</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1990-05-30</p> <p>of dilution <span class="hlt">air</span> . Conditioned house- compressed <span class="hlt">air</span> is used as the diluent. The conditioning procedure consists of passing the house <span class="hlt">air</span> through a...Device N4 for Hydrazines in Ambient <span class="hlt">Air</span> P. A. TAFFE,* K. P. CROSSMAN,* S. L. ROSE-PEHRSSON, AND J. R. WYATT 0 Chemistry Dynamics and Diagnostic Branch...Ambient <span class="hlt">Air</span> 6. AUTHOR(S) Taffe,* P. A., Crossman,* K. P., Wyatt, J. R., and Rose-Pehrsson, S. L. 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADORESS(ES) 8</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1007923','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1007923"><span>Respiratory cancer and <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution from iron foundries in a Scottish town: an epidemiological and environmental study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Smith, G H; Williams, F L; Lloyd, O L</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A geographical association between respiratory cancer and <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution from steel foundries has been shown previously in Scotland and elsewhere. In the present study the iron-founding town of Kirkintilloch was found to have standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for respiratory cancer in 1959-63, 1964-8, and 1969-73 that were unexceptional in comparison with Scotland. Nevertheless, when SMRs were calculated for respiratory cancer for the period 1966-76 in five <span class="hlt">zones</span> of the town arranged, a priori, according to probable exposure to fumes from two iron foundries, and in the individual enumeration districts of the 1971 census, higher SMRs were found in the residential areas most exposed to pollution from the foundries. The gradient of the <span class="hlt">zones</span>' SMRs--high close to the foundries to low at some distance from them--persisted despite standardisation of the SMRs for social class. A survey of the concentrations of several metals in soil cores <span class="hlt">sampled</span> at 51 sites throughout the town showed a pattern of pollution that probably illustrated the effects of prevailing winds and topography on the pollution plumes from the foundries. The value of <span class="hlt">sampling</span> soil cores in investigations where historical sources of metallic <span class="hlt">air</span> pollution are of epidemiological interest was emphasised by the detection of high concentrations of Ni in an area where a nickel refinery had been located many decades previously. PMID:3689714</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1220943','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1220943"><span>Ventilation System Effectiveness and Tested Indoor <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality Impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rudd, Armin; Bergey, Daniel</p> <p></p> <p>In this project, Building America research team Building Science Corporation tested the effectiveness of ventilation systems at two unoccupied, single-family, detached lab homes at the University of Texas - Tyler. Five ventilation system tests were conducted with various whole-building ventilation systems. Multizone fan pressurization testing characterized building and <span class="hlt">zone</span> enclosure leakage. PFT testing showed multizone <span class="hlt">air</span> change rates and interzonal airflow. Cumulative particle counts for six particle sizes, and formaldehyde and other Top 20 VOC concentrations were measured in multiple <span class="hlt">zones</span>. The testing showed that single-point exhaust ventilation was inferior as a whole-house ventilation strategy. This was because the sourcemore » of outside <span class="hlt">air</span> was not direct from outside, the ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span> was not distributed, and no provision existed for <span class="hlt">air</span> filtration. Indoor <span class="hlt">air</span> recirculation by a central <span class="hlt">air</span> distribution system can help improve the exhaust ventilation system by way of <span class="hlt">air</span> mixing and filtration. In contrast, the supply and balanced ventilation systems showed that there is a significant benefit to drawing outside <span class="hlt">air</span> from a known outside location, and filtering and distributing that <span class="hlt">air</span>. Compared to the exhaust systems, the CFIS and ERV systems showed better ventilation <span class="hlt">air</span> distribution and lower concentrations of particulates, formaldehyde and other VOCs. System improvement percentages were estimated based on four system factor categories: balance, distribution, outside <span class="hlt">air</span> source, and recirculation filtration. Recommended system factors could be applied to reduce ventilation fan airflow rates relative to ASHRAE Standard 62.2 to save energy and reduce moisture control risk in humid climates. HVAC energy savings were predicted to be 8-10%, or $50-$75/year.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JThSc..19..276S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JThSc..19..276S"><span>The influence of fuel-<span class="hlt">air</span> swirl intensity on flame structures of syngas swirl-stabilized diffusion flame</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shao, Weiwei; Xiong, Yan; Mu, Kejin; Zhang, Zhedian; Wang, Yue; Xiao, Yunhan</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>Flame structures of a syngas swirl-stabilized diffusion flame in a model combustor were measured using the OH-PLIF method under different fuel and <span class="hlt">air</span> swirl intensity. The flame operated under atmospheric pressure with <span class="hlt">air</span> and a typical low heating-value syngas with a composition of 28.5% CO, 22.5% H2 and 49% N2 at a thermal power of 34 kW. Results indicate that increasing the <span class="hlt">air</span> swirl intensity with the same fuel, swirl intensity flame structures showed little difference except a small reduction of flame length; but also, with the same <span class="hlt">air</span> swirl intensity, fuel swirl intensity showed great influence on flame shape, length and reaction <span class="hlt">zone</span> distribution. Therefore, compared with <span class="hlt">air</span> swirl intensity, fuel swirl intensity appeared a key effect on the flame structure for the model combustor. Instantaneous OH-PLIF images showed that three distinct typical structures with an obvious difference of reaction <span class="hlt">zone</span> distribution were found at low swirl intensity, while a much compacter flame structure with a single, stable and uniform reaction <span class="hlt">zone</span> distribution was found at large fuel-<span class="hlt">air</span> swirl intensity. It means that larger swirl intensity leads to efficient, stable combustion of the syngas diffusion flame.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1159780','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1159780"><span>Challenges of Achieving 2012 IECC <span class="hlt">Air</span> Sealing Requirements in Multifamily Dwellings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Klocke, S.; Faakye, O.; Puttagunta, S.</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>​While previous versions of the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) have included provisions to improve the <span class="hlt">air</span> tightness of dwellings, for the first time, the 2012 IECC mandates compliance verification through blower door testing. Simply completing the <span class="hlt">Air</span> Barrier and Insulation Installation checklist through visual inspection is no longer sufficient by itself. In addition, the 2012 IECC mandates a significantly stricter <span class="hlt">air</span> sealing requirement. In Climate <span class="hlt">Zones</span> 3 through 8, <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage may not exceed 3 ACH50, which is a significant reduction from the 2009 IECC requirement of 7 ACH50. This requirement is for all residential buildings, which includes low-risemore » multifamily dwellings. While this <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage rate requirement is an important component to achieving an efficient building thermal envelope, currently, the code language doesn't explicitly address differences between single family and multifamily applications. In addition, the 2012 IECC does not provide an option to <span class="hlt">sample</span> dwellings for larger multifamily buildings, so compliance would have to be verified on every unit. With compliance with the 2012 IECC <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage requirements on the horizon, several of CARB's multifamily builder partners are evaluating how best to comply with this requirement. Builders are not sure whether it is more practical or beneficial to simply pay for guarded testing or to revise their <span class="hlt">air</span> sealing strategies to improve compartmentalization to comply with code requirements based on unguarded blower door testing. This report summarizes CARB's research that was conducted to assess the feasibility of meeting the 2012 IECC <span class="hlt">air</span> leakage requirements in 3 multifamily buildings.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=316346','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=316346"><span>Early detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus from infected cattle using a dry filter <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious livestock disease of high economic impact. Early detection of FMD virus (FMDV) is fundamental for rapid outbreak control. <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> collection has been demonstrated as a useful technique for detection of FMDV RNA in infected animals, related to ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=23083&Lab=NERL&keyword=descriptive+AND+survey+AND+design&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=23083&Lab=NERL&keyword=descriptive+AND+survey+AND+design&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR EXTRACTION OF <span class="hlt">AIR</span> <span class="hlt">SAMPLES</span> FOR GC/MS ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES (BCO-L-11.0)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for extracting and preparing an <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sample</span> consisting of a polyurethane foam (PUF) plug and Teflon-coated glass fiber filter (Pallflex T60A20) for analysis of pesticides. This procedure covers <span class="hlt">sample</span> preparation for <span class="hlt">samples</span> t...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........77W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........77W"><span>The Energy Implications of <span class="hlt">Air</span>-Side Fouling in Constant <span class="hlt">Air</span> Volume HVAC Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilson, Eric J. H.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>This thesis examines the effect of <span class="hlt">air</span>-side fouling on the energy consumption of constant <span class="hlt">air</span> volume (CAV) heating, ventilating, and <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning (HVAC) systems in residential and small commercial buildings. There is a particular focus on evaluating the potential energy savings that may result from the remediation of such fouling from coils, filters, and other <span class="hlt">air</span> system components. A computer model was constructed to simulate the behavior of a building and its duct system under various levels of fouling. The model was verified through laboratory and field testing and then used to run parametric simulations to examine the range of energy impacts for various climates and duct system characteristics. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the impact of parameters like duct insulation, duct leakage, duct location, and duct design on savings potential. Duct system pressures, temperatures, and energy consumption for two houses were monitored for one month. The houses' duct systems, which were both in conditioned space, were given a full cleaning, and were then monitored for another month. The flow rates at the houses improved by 10% and 6%. The improvements were primarily due to installing a new filter, as both houses had only light coil fouling. The results indicate that there was negligible change in heating energy efficiency due to the system cleaning. The parametric simulation results are in agreement with the field experiment: for systems in all eight climates, with flowrates degraded by 20% or less, if ducts are located within the thermal <span class="hlt">zone</span>, HVAC source energy savings from cleaning are negligible or even slightly negative. However, if ducts are outside the thermal <span class="hlt">zone</span>, savings are in the 1 to 5% range. For systems with flowrates degraded by 40%, if ducts are within the thermal <span class="hlt">zone</span>, savings from cleaning occurs only for <span class="hlt">air</span> conditioning energy, up to 8% in climates like Miami, FL. If ducts are outside the thermal <span class="hlt">zone</span>, savings occurs with both</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263618','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263618"><span>Concentrations of particulates in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>, gaseous elementary mercury (GEM), and particulate-bound mercury (Hg(p)) at a traffic <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site: a study of dry deposition in daytime and nighttime.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fang, Guor-Cheng; Lin, Yen-Heng; Chang, Chia-Ying; Zheng, Yu-Cheng</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>In this investigation, the concentrations of particles in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and particulate-bound mercury (Hg(p)) in total suspended particulates (TSP) as well as dry deposition at a (Traffic) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site at Hung-kuang were studied during the day and night in 2012. The results reveal that the mean concentrations of TSP in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>, GEM, and Hg(p) were 69.72 μg/m(3), 3.17, and 0.024 ng/m(3), respectively, at the Hung-kuang (Traffic) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site during daytime <span class="hlt">sampling</span> periods. The results also reveal that the mean rates of dry deposition of particles from ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> and Hg(p) were 145.20 μg/m(2) min and 0.022 ng/m(2) min, respectively, at the Hung-kuang (Traffic) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site during the daytime <span class="hlt">sampling</span> period. The mean concentrations of TSP in ambient <span class="hlt">air</span>, GEM, and Hg(p) were 60.56 μg/m(3), 2.74, and 0.018 ng/m(3), respectively, at the Hung-kuang (Traffic) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site during the nighttime <span class="hlt">sampling</span> period. The mean rates of dry deposition of particles and Hg(p) from ambient <span class="hlt">air</span> were 132.58 μg/m(2) min and 0.016 ng/m(2) min, respectively, at the Hung-kuang (Traffic) <span class="hlt">sampling</span> site during the nighttime <span class="hlt">sampling</span> period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011058','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011058"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">Air</span> Quality in the Shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) Based on <span class="hlt">Samples</span> Returned by STS-100 at the Conclusion of 6A</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>James, John T.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The toxicological assessment of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> returned at the end of the STS-100 (6A) flight to the ISS is reported. ISS <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">samples</span> were taken in March and April 2001 from the Service Module, FGB, and U.S. Laboratory using grab <span class="hlt">sample</span> canisters (GSCs) and/or formaldehyde badges. An unplanned "first-entry" <span class="hlt">sample</span> of the MPLM2 (multipurpose logistics module) atmosphere was taken with a GSC, and preflight and end-of-mission <span class="hlt">samples</span> were obtained from Endeavour using GSCs. Analytical methods have not changed from earlier reports, and all quality control measures were met for the data presented herein. The two general criteria used to assess <span class="hlt">air</span> quality are the total-non-methane-volatile organic hydrocarbons (NMVOCs) and the total T-value (minus the CO2 and formaldehyde contribution). Because of the Freon 218 (octafluoropropane, OFP) leak, its contribution to the NMVOC is indicated in brackets. When comparing the NMVOC values with the 25 mg/cubic m guideline, the OFP contributions should be subtracted. Control of atmospheric alcohols is important to the water recovery system engineers, hence total alcohols were also assessed in each <span class="hlt">sample</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25825865','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25825865"><span>Infrequent <span class="hlt">air</span> contamination with Acinetobacter baumannii of <span class="hlt">air</span> surrounding known colonized or infected patients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rock, Clare; Harris, Anthony D; Johnson, J Kristie; Bischoff, Werner E; Thom, Kerri A</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Using a validated <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> method we found Acinetobacter baumannii in the <span class="hlt">air</span> surrounding only 1 of 12 patients known to be colonized or infected with A. baumannii. Patients' closed-circuit ventilator status, frequent <span class="hlt">air</span> exchanges in patient rooms, and short <span class="hlt">sampling</span> time may have contributed to this low burden.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21707386','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21707386"><span>Habitable <span class="hlt">zone</span> limits for dry planets.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abe, Yutaka; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako; Sleep, Norman H; Zahnle, Kevin J</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>Most discussion of habitable planets has focused on Earth-like planets with globally abundant liquid water. For an "aqua planet" like Earth, the surface freezes if far from its sun, and the water vapor greenhouse effect runs away if too close. Here we show that "land planets" (desert worlds with limited surface water) have wider habitable <span class="hlt">zones</span> than aqua planets. For planets at the inner edge of the habitable <span class="hlt">zone</span>, a land planet has two advantages over an aqua planet: (i) the tropics can emit longwave radiation at rates above the traditional runaway limit because the <span class="hlt">air</span> is unsaturated and (ii) the dry <span class="hlt">air</span> creates a dry stratosphere that limits hydrogen escape. At the outer limits of the habitable <span class="hlt">zone</span>, the land planet better resists global freezing because there is less water for clouds, snow, and ice. Here we describe a series of numerical experiments using a simple three-dimensional global climate model for Earth-sized planets. Other things (CO(2), rotation rate, surface pressure) unchanged, we found that liquid water remains stable at the poles of a low-obliquity land planet until net insolation exceeds 415 W/m(2) (170% that of modern Earth), compared to 330 W/m(2) (135%) for the aqua planet. At the outer limits, we found that a low-obliquity land planet freezes at 77%, while the aqua planet freezes at 90%. High-obliquity land and aqua planets freeze at 58% and 72%, respectively, with the poles offering the last refuge. We show that it is possible that, as the Sun brightens, an aqua planet like Earth can lose most of its hydrogen and become a land planet without first passing through a sterilizing runaway greenhouse. It is possible that Venus was a habitable land planet as recently as 1 billion years ago.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1913007F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1913007F"><span>Using crowdsourced data from citizen weather stations to analyse <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature in 'local climate <span class="hlt">zones</span>' in Berlin, Germany</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fenner, Daniel; Meier, Fred; Bechtel, Benjamin; Otto, Marco; Scherer, Dieter</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Provision of observational data with high spatial coverage over extended time periods still remains as one of the biggest challenges in urban climate research. Classical meteorological networks are seldomly designed to monitor atmospheric conditions in a broad variety of urban environments, though the heterogeneity of urban structures leads to distinct thermal characteristics on local scales, i.e., hundreds of metres to several kilometres. One approach to overcome the aforementioned challenges of observation networks is to use data from weather stations that are maintained by citizens. The private company 'netatmo' (www.netatmo.com) produces and distributes such citizen weather stations (CWS) around the world. The stations automatically send their data to the netatmo server, and the user decides if data are publicly shared. Shared data can freely be retrieved via an application programming interface. We collected <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature (T) data for the year 2015 for the city of Berlin, Germany, and surroundings with more than 1500 'netatmo' CWS in the study area. The entire data set was thoroughly quality checked, and filter techniques, involving data from a reference network, were developed to address different types of errors associated with CWS data. Additionally, the accuracy of 'netatmo' CWS was checked in a climate chamber and in a long-term field experiment. Since the terms 'urban' and 'rural' are ambiguous in urban climate studies, Stewart and Oke (2012) developed the 'local climate <span class="hlt">zone</span>' (LCZ) concept to enhance understanding and interpretation of <span class="hlt">air</span> temperature differences in urban regions. LCZ classification for the study region was conducted using the 'WUDAPT' approach by Bechtel et al. (2015). The quality-checked CWS data were used to analyse T characteristics of LCZ classes in Berlin and surroundings. Specifically, we analysed how LCZ classes are represented by CWS in 2015, how T varies within each LCZ class ('intra-LCZ variability'), and if significant</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA418880','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA418880"><span>Radiological <span class="hlt">Air</span> <span class="hlt">Sampling</span>. Protocol Development for the Canadian Forces</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2003-03-01</p> <p>samplers trap these airborne radon daughters . Because radon is ubiquitous, all <span class="hlt">air</span> samplers will catch these radioactive radon daughters in the...environment is complicated because all <span class="hlt">air</span> sampler filters are radioactive because of the radon daughters . ’Actually, D will often depend on the isotope that...simply as "radon". 2 DRDC Ottawa TM 2003-149 -28 - 22 R_ 211p0 214pb 3.8 d 3.0 m 27 m 214Bi 210TI Radon Daughters 20 m ŕ.3 m (Uranium Decay Chain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/918207','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/918207"><span>Biomimetic <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for detection of low concentrations of molecules and bioagents : LDRD 52744 final report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hughes, Robert Clark</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>Present methods of <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for low concentrations of chemicals like explosives and bioagents involve noisy and power hungry collectors with mechanical parts for moving large volumes of <span class="hlt">air</span>. However there are biological systems that are capable of detecting very low concentrations of molecules with no mechanical moving parts. An example is the silkworm moth antenna which is a highly branched structure where each of 100 branches contains about 200 sensory 'hairs' which have dimensions of 2 microns wide by 100 microns long. The hairs contain about 3000 pores which is where the gas phase molecules enter the aqueous (lymph)more » phase for detection. Simulations of diffusion of molecules indicate that this 'forest' of hairs is 'designed' to maximize the extraction of the vapor phase molecules. Since typical molecules lose about 4 decades in diffusion constant upon entering the liquid phase, it is important to allow <span class="hlt">air</span> diffusion to bring the molecule as close to the 'sensor' as possible. The moth acts on concentrations as low as 1000 molecules per cubic cm. (one part in 1e16). A 3-D collection system of these dimensions could be fabricated by micromachining techniques available at Sandia. This LDRD addresses the issues involved with extracting molecules from <span class="hlt">air</span> onto micromachined structures and then delivering those molecules to microsensors for detection.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16187584','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16187584"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">sample</span> recovery of malodorous livestock gases from <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> bags, solid-phase microextraction fibers, Tenax TA sorbent tubes, and <span class="hlt">sampling</span> canisters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koziel, Jacek A; Spinhirne, Jarett P; Lloyd, Jenny D; Parker, David B; Wright, Donald W; Kuhrt, Fred W</p> <p>2005-08-01</p> <p>Odorous gases associated with livestock operations are complex mixtures of hundreds if not thousands of compounds. Research is needed to know how best to <span class="hlt">sample</span> and analyze these compounds. The main objective of this research was to compare recoveries of a standard gas mixture of 11 odorous compounds from the Carboxen/PDMS 75-microm solid-phase microextraction fibers, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF; Tedlar), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP; Teflon), foil, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET; Melinex) <span class="hlt">air</span> <span class="hlt">sampling</span> bags, sorbent 2,b-diphenylene-oxide polymer resin (Tenax TA) tubes, and standard 6-L Stabilizer <span class="hlt">sampling</span> canisters after <span class="hlt">sample</span> storage for 0.5, 24, and 120 (for sorbent tubes only) hrs at room temperature. The standard gas mixture consisted of 7 volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acetic to hexanoic, and 4 semivolatile organic compounds including p-cresol, indole, 4-ethylphenol, and 2'-aminoacetophenone with concentrations ranging from 5.1 ppb for indole to 1270 ppb for acetic acid. On average, SPME had the highest mean recovery for all 11 gases of 106.2%, and 98.3% for 0.5- and 24-hr <span class="hlt">sample</span> storage time, respectively. This was followed by the Tenax TA sorbent tubes (94.8% and 88.3%) for 24 and 120 hr, respectively; PET bags (71.7% and 47.2%), FEP bags (75.4% and 39.4%), commercial Tedlar bags (67.6% and 22.7%), in-house-made Tedlar bags (47.3% and 37.4%), foil bags (16.4% and 4.3%), and canisters (4.2% and 0.5%), for 0.5 and 24 hr, respectively. VFAs had higher recoveries than semivolatile organic compounds for all of the bags and canisters. New FEP bags and new foil bags had the lowest and the highest amounts of chemical impurities, respectively. New commercial Tedlar bags had measurable concentrations of N,N-dimethyl acetamide and phenol. Foil bags had measurable concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and hexanoic acids.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030065956&hterms=Zea+Mays&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DZea%2BMays%2BL.','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030065956&hterms=Zea+Mays&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DZea%2BMays%2BL."><span>Soil <span class="hlt">Sampling</span> Techniques For Alabama Grain Fields</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Thompson, A. N.; Shaw, J. N.; Mask, P. L.; Touchton, J. T.; Rickman, D.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Characterizing the spatial variability of nutrients facilitates precision soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span>. Questions exist regarding the best technique for directed soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span> based on a priori knowledge of soil and crop patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate <span class="hlt">zone</span> delineation techniques for Alabama grain fields to determine which method best minimized the soil test variability. Site one (25.8 ha) and site three (20.0 ha) were located in the Tennessee Valley region, and site two (24.2 ha) was located in the Coastal Plain region of Alabama. Tennessee Valley soils ranged from well drained Rhodic and Typic Paleudults to somewhat poorly drained Aquic Paleudults and Fluventic Dystrudepts. Coastal Plain s o i l s ranged from coarse-loamy Rhodic Kandiudults to loamy Arenic Kandiudults. Soils were <span class="hlt">sampled</span> by grid soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span> methods (grid sizes of 0.40 ha and 1 ha) consisting of: 1) twenty composited cores collected randomly throughout each grid (grid-cell <span class="hlt">sampling</span>) and, 2) six composited cores collected randomly from a -3x3 m area at the center of each grid (grid-point <span class="hlt">sampling</span>). <span class="hlt">Zones</span> were established from 1) an Order 1 Soil Survey, 2) corn (Zea mays L.) yield maps, and 3) airborne remote sensing images. All soil properties were moderately to strongly spatially dependent as per semivariogram analyses. Differences in grid-point and grid-cell soil test values suggested grid-point <span class="hlt">sampling</span> does not accurately represent grid values. <span class="hlt">Zones</span> created by soil survey, yield data, and remote sensing images displayed lower coefficient of variations (8CV) for soil test values than overall field values, suggesting these techniques group soil test variability. However, few differences were observed between the three <span class="hlt">zone</span> delineation techniques. Results suggest directed <span class="hlt">sampling</span> using <span class="hlt">zone</span> delineation techniques outlined in this paper would result in more efficient soil <span class="hlt">sampling</span> for these Alabama grain fields.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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