77 FR 25080 - Safety Zones; TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River, Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

...-AA00 Safety Zones; TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River, Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... trestles and construction cranes involved in the construction of the TriMet Bridge on the Willamette River... project. These safety zones replace the prior safety zones established for the TriMet Bridge construction...

77 FR 15009 - Safety Zones; Sellwood Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-14

...-AA00 Safety Zones; Sellwood Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... zones to remain in effect throughout the duration of the construction and renewal of the Sellwood Bridge... safe distance from the construction area while transiting in the vicinity of the Sellwood Bridge...

77 FR 20719 - Safety Zone; Matlacha Bridge Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Matlacha Bridge Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of Matlacha Pass in the vicinity of the Matlacha Bridge in Matlacha, Florida. The safety zone will be enforced during construction of the Matlacha Bridge from Monday, March 12, 2012 through Tuesday...

77 FR 12994 - Safety Zone for Margate Bridge, Intracoastal Waterway; Margate, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

...-AA00 Safety Zone for Margate Bridge, Intracoastal Waterway; Margate, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... Intracoastal Waterway near Margate, NJ. This safety zone is necessary to ensure safety while the Margate Bridge... this rule. It is impracticable to publish an NPRM because the Margate Bridge Company gave short notice...

77 FR 1870 - Safety Zone; Matlacha Bridge Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-12

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Matlacha Bridge Construction, Matlacha Pass, Matlacha, FL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of Matlacha Pass in the vicinity of the Matlacha Bridge in Matlacha, Florida. The safety zone will be enforced during construction of the Matlacha Bridge from Thursday, December 15, 2011 until Sunday...

76 FR 32313 - Safety Zone; Chelsea St. Bridge Demolition, Chelsea River, Chelsea, MA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-06

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Chelsea St. Bridge Demolition, Chelsea River, Chelsea, MA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... Sector Boston Captain of the Port (COTP) Zone for the demolition of the Chelsea St. Bridge. This safety... Chelsea St. Bridge during the operations surrounding the bridge's demolition and removal. Discussion of...

33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Bridge, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable waters of San... pilings of the Coronado Bay Bridge. These security zones will not restrict the main navigational channel...

33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Bridge, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable waters of San... pilings of the Coronado Bay Bridge. These security zones will not restrict the main navigational channel...

76 FR 78157 - Safety Zone; Eisenhower Expressway Bridge Rehabilitation Project; Chicago River South Branch...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-16

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Eisenhower Expressway Bridge Rehabilitation Project; Chicago River South Branch... the Eisenhower Expressway Bridge. This temporary safety zone is necessary to protect the surrounding... Bridge. Entry into this zone is prohibited unless specifically authorized by the Captain of the Port...

78 FR 37969 - Safety Zone; South Park Bridge Construction, Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-25

...-AA00 Safety Zone; South Park Bridge Construction, Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, WA AGENCY: Coast... zone in the lower Duwamish Waterway around the South Park Bridge in Seattle, Washington for the re-construction of the bridge. The safety zone is necessary to ensure the safety of the maritime public and...

76 FR 53054 - Safety Zone; TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-25

...-AA00 Safety Zone; TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... the TriMet Bridge on the Willamette River, in Portland, OR. This action is necessary to ensure the... Zone: TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR in the Federal Register (76 FR 86). We...

76 FR 14829 - Safety Zone; 2011 Hylebos Bridge Restoration, Hylebos Waterway, Tacoma, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-18

...-AA00 Safety Zone; 2011 Hylebos Bridge Restoration, Hylebos Waterway, Tacoma, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard... temporary safety zone extending 50 yards to the north and south of the Hylebos Bridge, Tacoma, WA in both directions along the entire length of the Hylebos Bridge to ensure the safety of the boating public during...

76 FR 25278 - Safety Zone; TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-04

...-AA00 Safety Zone; TriMet Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... safety zone during the construction of the TriMet Bridge on the Willamette River, in Portland, OR. This..., will be starting construction of the new Portland-Milwaukie Light Rail Bridge on July 1, 2011 (with in...

75 FR 61354 - Safety Zone; Interstate 5 Bridge Repairs, Columbia River, Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Interstate 5 Bridge Repairs, Columbia River, Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of the Columbia River due to repairs being made to the Interstate 5 Bridge. The safety zone is... would be contrary to public interest since the repairs to the Interstate 5 Bridge would be completed by...

75 FR 22228 - Regulated Navigation Area; Lake Champlain Bridge Construction Zone, NY and VT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-28

...-AA11 Regulated Navigation Area; Lake Champlain Bridge Construction Zone, NY and VT AGENCY: Coast Guard... establishing a regulated navigation area around the construction zone of the Lake Champlain Bridge between... on all vessels transiting the navigable waters of Lake Champlain in the vicinity of the bridge...

33 CFR 165.1187 - Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. 165.1187 Section 165.1187... Limited Access Areas Eleventh Coast Guard District § 165.1187 Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. (a) Location. All waters extending...

33 CFR 165.1187 - Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. 165.1187 Section 165.1187... Limited Access Areas Eleventh Coast Guard District § 165.1187 Security Zones; Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco Bay, California. (a) Location. All waters extending...

77 FR 70891 - Safety Zone; Bay Bridge Construction, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-28

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bay Bridge Construction, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, CA AGENCY: Coast Guard... the navigable waters of the San Francisco Bay near Yerba Buena Island, CA in support of the Bay Bridge... construction of the Bay Bridge, the safety zone is necessary to provide for the safety of mariners transiting...

77 FR 44544 - Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-In, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-30

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-In, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... withdrawing its proposed rule concerning the Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in and bridge construction of... ``Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Chesapeake...

76 FR 38011 - Safety Zone; Hylebos Bridge Restoration, Hylebos Waterway, Tacoma, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Hylebos Bridge Restoration, Hylebos Waterway, Tacoma, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... extending 50 yards to the north and south of the Hylebos Bridge, Tacoma, WA in both directions along the entire length of the Hylebos Bridge to ensure the safety of the boating public during the Hylebos Bridge...

77 FR 73541 - Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-11

...-AA00 Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float- in and bridge construction of span placement. This action is intended to... rulemaking (NPRM) proposing a safety zone in the Gilmerton Bridge Area (77 FR 43557) on September 5-9, 2012...

75 FR 3372 - Safety Zone: Congress Street Bridge, Pequonnock River, Bridgeport, CT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-21

...-AA00 Safety Zone: Congress Street Bridge, Pequonnock River, Bridgeport, CT AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters surrounding the Congress Street Bridge over the Pequonnock River in Bridgeport, Connecticut. This... and equipment that are being utilized for partial demolition of the Congress Street Bridge. Entry into...

77 FR 38723 - Safety Zones; Sellwood Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

...-AA00 Safety Zones; Sellwood Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... effect throughout the duration of the construction and renewal of the Sellwood Bridge located on the... the construction area while transiting in the vicinity of the Sellwood Bridge project; however, the...

78 FR 61937 - Safety Zone; Port of Galveston, Pelican Island Bridge Repair

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-07

... Zone; Port of Galveston, Pelican Island Bridge Repair AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final... safety during the Pelican Island Bridge Repair Project. This action is necessary to protect public... barge will be placed under the Pelican Island Bridge; therefore immediate action is needed to protect...

77 FR 14970 - Safety Zones; Sellwood Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-14

...-AA00 Safety Zones; Sellwood Bridge Project, Willamette River; Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... effect throughout the duration of the construction and renewal of the Sellwood Bridge on the Willamette... construction area while transiting in the vicinity of the Sellwood Bridge project; however, the establishment...

78 FR 4331 - Safety Zone; Sellwood Bridge Move; Willamette River, Portland, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-22

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Sellwood Bridge Move; Willamette River, Portland, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... the Sellwood Bridge, located on the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, while it is being relocated 66 feet downriver as part of the new Sellwood Bridge construction project. This action is necessary...

77 FR 75016 - Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-19

...-AA00 Safety Zone: Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... final rule establishing a safety zone around the Gilmerton Bridge center span barge. Inadvertently, this... Gilmerton Bridge center span barge (77 FR 73541). Inadvertently, this rule included an error in the...

77 FR 66541 - Safety Zone; Alliance Road Bridge Demolition; Black Warrior River, Locust Fork; Birmingham, AL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Alliance Road Bridge Demolition; Black Warrior River, Locust Fork; Birmingham... of the Alliance Road Bridge (Co. Rd. 61). Entry into, transiting or anchoring in this zone is.... [[Page 66542

77 FR 21436 - Safety Zone, East River, Brooklyn Bridge Scaffolding Repair, Brooklyn, NY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-10

...-AA00 Safety Zone, East River, Brooklyn Bridge Scaffolding Repair, Brooklyn, NY AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... navigable waters of the East River, in the vicinity of the Brooklyn Bridge. This action is necessary to... and remove the damaged scaffolding under the eastern span of the bridge. This rule is intended to...

77 FR 62442 - Safety Zone; Oregon City Bridge Grand Opening Fireworks Display; Willamette River, Oregon City, OR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-15

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Oregon City Bridge Grand Opening Fireworks Display; Willamette River, Oregon City, OR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final rule. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a safety zone on the Willamette River between the Oregon City Bridge and the Interstate 205 Bridge...

76 FR 52266 - Safety Zone; Coast Guard Exercise, Detroit River, Ambassador Bridge to the Western Tip of Belle Isle

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-22

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Coast Guard Exercise, Detroit River, Ambassador Bridge to the Western Tip of Belle... Bridge to the western tip of Belle Isle. This safety zone is intended to restrict vessels from portions.... on August 23, 2011. The safety zone will begin at Ambassador Bridge to the western tip of Belle Isle...

77 FR 63732 - Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-17

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN AGENCY: Coast Guard... from a portion of the Indiana Harbor Canal due to the Demolition Project on the Cline Avenue Bridge... vessels from the hazards associated with the demolition project on the Cline Avenue bridge, which are...

77 FR 72957 - Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-07

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN AGENCY: Coast Guard... from a portion of the Indiana Harbor Canal due to the demolition Project on the Cline Avenue Bridge... associated with the demolition project on the Cline Avenue bridge, which are discussed further below. Under 5...

33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Bridge, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable waters of San Diego Bay, from the surface to the sea floor, within 25 yards of all piers, abutments, fenders and...

33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Bridge, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable waters of San Diego Bay, from the surface to the sea floor, within 25 yards of all piers, abutments, fenders and...

33 CFR 165.1110 - Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Bridge, San Diego, CA. 165.1110 Section 165.1110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT... § 165.1110 Security Zone: Coronado Bay Bridge, San Diego, CA. (a) Location. All navigable waters of San Diego Bay, from the surface to the sea floor, within 25 yards of all piers, abutments, fenders and...

77 FR 70684 - Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-27

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN AGENCY: Coast Guard... from a portion of the Indiana Harbor Canal due to the demolition Project on the Cline Avenue Bridge... bridge, which are discussed further below. Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good...

78 FR 2616 - Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-14

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN AGENCY: Coast Guard... from a portion of the Indiana Harbor Canal due to the demolition Project on the Cline Avenue Bridge... Bridge, which are discussed further below. Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good...

77 FR 65818 - Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Bridge Demolition Project; Indiana Harbor Canal, East Chicago, IN AGENCY: Coast Guard... from a portion of the Indiana Harbor Canal due to the Demolition Project on the Cline Avenue Bridge... demolition project on the Cline Avenue Bridge, which are discussed further below. Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3...

77 FR 43557 - Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-25

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... during the Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float- in and bridge construction of span placement. This action... Construction, INC will facilitate removal of the existing bascule spans from the Gilmerton Bridge, transport of...

77 FR 35900 - Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float-in, Elizabeth River; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and... navigable waters during the Gilmerton Bridge Center Span Float- in and bridge construction of span placement... the existing bascule spans from the Gilmerton Bridge, transport the new center span from the Eastern...

78 FR 53668 - Regulated Navigation Area; Maine Kennebec Bridge Construction Zone, Kennebec River, Richmond, ME

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-30

...-AA11 Regulated Navigation Area; Maine Kennebec Bridge Construction Zone, Kennebec River, Richmond, ME... surrounding the Maine Kennebec Bridge between Richmond, ME, and Dresden, ME. This RNA allows the Coast Guard to enforce speed and wake restrictions and prohibit all vessel traffic through the RNA during bridge...

76 FR 53827 - Safety Zone; Big Sioux River From the Military Road Bridge North Sioux City to the Confluence of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-30

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Big Sioux River From the Military Road Bridge North Sioux City to the Confluence of... rule extends the existing temporary safety zone on the Big Sioux River from the Military Road Bridge in... period. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is extending the effective period for the temporary safety zone...

78 FR 7670 - Safety Zone; Indian Street Bridge Construction, St. Lucie Canal, Palm City, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-04

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Indian Street Bridge Construction, St. Lucie Canal, Palm City, FL AGENCY: Coast... zone on the St. Lucie Canal, Palm City, Florida to provide for the safety of life and vessels on a... on a narrow waterway. The temporary safety zone encompasses all waters of the St. Lucie Canal in the...

A Bridge Too Far: Suppressing Frost Using an Out-of-Plane Dry Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spohn, Corey; Ahmadi, Farzad; Nath, Saurabh; Boreyko, Jonathan

2017-11-01

It has recently been shown that ice can suppress the formation of any nearby condensation or frost on a substrate. However, these in-plane dry zones require the hygroscopic ice features to be placed on the same surface they are helping to keep dry, which makes it impossible to achieve complete anti-frosting. Here, we create an out-of-plane dry zone by holding two aluminum surfaces parallel to each other, where a uniform sheet of frost was grown on one surface to keep the other surface completely dry. The critical separation required to keep the test surface dry was found to be a function of the ambient supersaturation. We also show that inter-droplet ice bridging, now known to be a primary mechanism for in-plane frost growth, can be similarly extended to an out-of-plane configuration. We freeze a droplet on a hydrophobic surface and suspend a water droplet above it, such that an ice bridge grows toward the water droplet. More generally, these findings show that the recently discovered phenomena of dry zones and ice bridging can be extended to out-of-plane scenarios, which could lead to a better understanding of the behavior of mixed-phase systems. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1604272) and by the 3M Company (Non-Tenured Faculty Award).

Experimental study on spatio-temporal behavior of a single particle forming a particle accumulation structure (PAS) in half-zone liquid bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oba, Takeru; Ueno, Ichiro; Kaneko, Toshihiro

2017-11-01

We focus on particle behavior due to thermocapillary-driven convection in a half-zone liquid bridge of high-Prandtl number fluid. It has been known that the suspended particles exhibit a unique solid-like structure known as 'particle accumulation structure (PAS)' in a rotating frame of reference with traveling-type hydrothermal wave. It is said that PAS is caused by interaction between particles and the free surface of a half-zone liquid bridge. Such structures arise even under small Stokes number conditions. When observing PAS two-dimensionally, it looks like a closed single string, but the actual movement of particles is different. Therefore we employ three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry to the half-zone liquid bridge of 2.5 mm in radius and 1.7 mm in height, and detect the particle behaviors close to the free surface. We explain the spatio-temporal correlation between the solid-like global structure of PAS and the local particle motions, and make comparisons with proposed physical models of PAS formation.

SSI-bridge : soil bridge interaction during long-duration earthquake motions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

The seismic response of a complete soil-bridge system during shallow, crustal and subduction zone earthquakes is the topic of this report. Specifically, the effects of earthquake duration on the seismic performance of soil-bridge systems are examined...

Recommendations to Strengthen Civil Society and Balance Michigan's State Budget, 2nd Edition. An Analysis of Fiscal-Year 2003-04 Appropriations and Recommendations for 2004-05. Revision of the March 2003 Study. A Mackinac Center Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaFaive, Michael D.

2004-01-01

As the debate rages in Lansing over the size and scope of the 2004-2005 Fiscal Year state budget, the Mackinac Center for Public Policy is republishing and updating budget cutting ideas from its March 2003 study, "Recommendations to Strengthen Civil Society and Balance Michigan's Budget." The 2003 study made over 200 recommendations…

STONE RETAINING WALL IN CEMETERY CENTER, WITH BIVOUAC OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

STONE RETAINING WALL IN CEMETERY CENTER, WITH BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD PLAQUE IN CENTER FOREGROUND. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Fort Mackinac Post Cemetery, Mackinac State Park, Mackinac Island, Mackinac County, MI

Structural strength deterioration of coastal bridge piers considering non-uniform corrosion in marine environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Anxin; Yuan, Wenting; Li, Haitao; Li, Hui

2018-04-01

In the aggressive marine environment over a long-term service period, coastal bridges inevitably sustain corrosion-induced damage due to high sea salt and humidity. This paper investigates the strength reduction of coastal bridges, especially focusing on the effects of non-uniform corrosion along the height of bridge piers. First, the corrosion initiation time and the degradation of reinforcement and concrete are analyzed for bridge piers in marine environments. To investigate the various damage modes of the concrete cover, a discretization method with fiber cells is used for calculating time-dependent interaction diagrams of cross-sections of the bridge piers at the atmospheric zone and the splash and tidal zone under a combination of axial force and bending moment. Second, the shear strength of these aging structures is analyzed. Numerical simulation indicates that the strength of a concrete pier experiences dramatic reduction from corrosion initiation to the spalling of the concrete cover. Strength loss in the splash and tidal zone is more significant than in the atmospheric zone when structures' service time is assumed to be the same.

Durability assessment of prefabricated bridge elements and systems : [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-01

Many states have instituted Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems : (PBES) and Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) projects to decrease : onsite construction time, work zone and user costs, and increase safety : factors; however, the quality an...

Fatigue Crack Growth and Crack Bridging in SCS-6/Ti-24-11

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghosn, Louis J.; Kantzos, Pete; Telesman, Jack

1995-01-01

Interfacial damage induced by relative fiber/matrix sliding was found to occur in the bridged zone of unidirectional SCS-6/Ti-24Al-11Nb intermetallic matrix composite specimens subjected to fatigue crack growth conditions. The degree of interfacial damage was not uniform along the bridged crack wake. Higher damage zones were observed near the machined notch in comparison to the crack tip. The interfacial friction shear strength tau(sub f) measured in the crack wake using pushout testing revealed lower values than the as-received interface. Interfacial wear also reduced the strength of the bridging fibers. The reduction in fiber strength is thought to be a function of the magnitude of relative fiber/matrix displacements ind the degree of interfacial damage. Furthermore, two different fiber bridging models were used to predict the influence of bridging on the fatigue crack driving force. The shear lag model required a variable tau(sub f) in the crack wake (reflecting the degradation of the interface) before its predictions agreed with trends exhibited by the experimental data. The fiber pressure model did an excellent job in predicting both the FCG data and the DeltaCOD in the bridged zone even though it does not require a knowledge of tau(sub f).

Myofilament dysfunction contributes to impaired myocardial contraction in the infarct border zone

PubMed Central

Shimkunas, Rafael; Makwana, Om; Spaulding, Kimberly; Bazargan, Mona; Khazalpour, Michael; Takaba, Kiyoaki; Soleimani, Mehrdad; Myagmar, Bat-Erdene; Lovett, David H.; Simpson, Paul C.; Ratcliffe, Mark B.

2014-01-01

After myocardial infarction, a poorly contracting nonischemic border zone forms adjacent to the infarct. The cause of border zone dysfunction is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the myofilament mechanisms involved in postinfarction border zone dysfunction. Two weeks after anteroapical infarction of sheep hearts, we studied in vitro isometric and isotonic contractions of demembranated myocardium from the infarct border zone and a zone remote from the infarct. Maximal force development (Fmax) of the border zone myocardium was reduced by 31 ± 2% versus the remote zone myocardium (n = 6/group, P < 0.0001). Decreased border zone Fmax was not due to a reduced content of contractile material, as assessed histologically, and from myosin content. Furthermore, decreased border zone Fmax did not involve altered cross-bridge kinetics, as assessed by muscle shortening velocity and force development kinetics. Decreased border zone Fmax was associated with decreased cross-bridge formation, as assessed from muscle stiffness in the absence of ATP where cross-bridge formation should be maximized (rigor stiffness was reduced 34 ± 6%, n = 5, P = 0.011 vs. the remote zone). Furthermore, the border zone myocardium had significantly reduced phosphorylation of myosin essential light chain (ELC; 41 ± 10%, n = 4, P < 0.05). However, for animals treated with doxycycline, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, rigor stiffness and ELC phosphorylation were not reduced in the border zone myocardium, suggesting that doxycycline had a protective effect. In conclusion, myofilament dysfunction contributes to postinfarction border zone dysfunction, myofilament dysfunction involves impaired cross-bridge formation and decreased ELC phosphorylation, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition may be beneficial for limiting postinfarct border zone dysfunction. PMID:25128171

Experiment on a feedback control of nonlinear thermocapillary convection in a half-zone liquid bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kudo, M.; Ueno, I.; Shiomi, J.; Amberg, G.; Kawamura, H.

Under microgravity condition, themocapillarity dominates in material processing. In a half-zone method, two co-axial cylindrical rods hold a liquid bridge by the surface tension. By adding a temperature difference Δ T between the rods, thermocapillary flow is induced in the bridge. The convection changes from two-dimensional steady flow to three-dimensional oscillatory one at a critical Δ T in the case of medium to high Prandtl number (Pr) fluid. In our latest study (Shiomi et al., JFM, 2003), complete damping of the temperature oscillation was not achieved at highly nonlinear regions by a simple cancellation scheme. The excitation of unexpected other azimuthal wave numbers prevented the suppression of the oscillation. The present study aimed to develop a new control scheme with taking into account of spatio-temporal azimuthal temperature distribution. The target geometry was a liquid bridge of 5 mm in diameter and of a unit aspect ratio, Γ g(g= H/R=1, where H and R are the height and the radius of the bridge, respectively). At this aspect ratio, a dominant azimuthal mode was wave number of 2 when the control was absent. Silicone oil of 5 cSt (Pr = 68 at 25C) was employed as a test fluid. The flow field was visualized by suspending polystyrene sphere particles (D =17μ m). The present experiments were performed with 4 sensors located at different azimuthal positions for the evaluation of the azimuthal surface temperature distribution as well as with 2 heaters to suppress its non-uniform distribution. All sensors and heaters were located at the mid-height of the bridge. The present algorithm involved two main features; the first one was the time-dependent estimation of the azimuthal surface temperature distribution at the height of the sensors and heaters. Evaluation of the azimuthal temperature distribution enabled us to cancel the temperature oscillation by local heating effectively. The second one was the time-dependent evaluation of a frequency of the

Service life assessment of timber highway bridges in USA climate zones

Treesearch

James P. Wacker; Brian K. Brashaw; Thomas G. Williamson; P. David Jones; Matthew S. Smith; Travis K. Hosteng; David L. Strahl; Lola E. Coombe; V.J. Gopu

2014-01-01

As engineers begin to estimate life-cycle costs and sustainable design approaches for timber bridges, there is a need for more reliable data about their durability and expected service life. This paper summarizes a comprehensive effort to assess the current condition of more than one hundred timber highway bridge superstructures throughout the United States. This...

Performance Assessment of Bridges Using GPS: The Juarez Bridge in Culiacan, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vazquez, G. E.; Gaxiola-Camacho, J. R.; Trejo, M.; Echagaray, J.; Guzman, G. M.

2015-12-01

Performance assessment of bridges has become very important during recent years. Bridges around the world are aging, leading to the incorporation of efficient, reliable, and economic evaluation procedures. These techniques must assess properly the performance of bridges under several loading conditions in a real manner, representing the physics of the problem. Among several approaches, Global Positioning System (GPS) can be intelligently used for the performance evaluation of bridges. We focused on GPS, since it naturally produces position estimates as compared to seismic instruments that record either velocity or acceleration, and thus require an integration. There are several reasons that make the Juarez Bridge a case of study for evaluation: it is approximately 45 years old, it is a reinforced concrete structure, it connects two significant zones of the city, and its spans is closely to 200 meters long. In addition, thousands of vehicles and pedestrians use the Juarez Bridge every day, which make feasible the GPS performance assessment. Hence, in order to produce optimal position estimates, GPS data were collected during two consecutive hours at three different periods of the day for a whole week (Monday through Sunday), to represent three critical limit states of the bridge (mid-span and end-spans). GPS data were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK software, considering 1-second sampling rate, 15-degree cutoff angle, ionosphere-free double-differenced (DD) carrier phase method, and precise final orbits disseminated by IGS (International GNSS Service). The displacements obtained from the above discussed procedure are compared with allowable values documented in bridge construction manuals. Reliability theory was used to evaluate the probability of failure of the bridge for the three periods of the day. In addition, a conclusion was made about the most risky day of the week for the use of the Juarez Bridge. It is expected that the results from the proposed research

On the Onset of Thermocapillary Convection in a Liquid bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shukla, Kedar

Thermo capillary convection refers to motion driven by the application of a temperature gradient along the interface. The temperature gradient may be large enough to cause oscillations in the basic state of the fluid. The vast majority of the liquid bridge investigations performed aboard on the sounding rockets or the space shuttles [1, 2] focused on the float zone processes because the process has been regarded as a candidate for the space based manufacturing of semiconductor materials. Although the buoyancy effect is avoided in the floating zone techniques during space operation, it experiences surface tension driven convection initiated by the temperature gradient along the free surface of the zone [3]. The appearance of the oscillatory thermo capillary convection couples with the solidification processes leads to the striations and results into the degradation of the crystals [4, 5]. The half zone consists of the liquid bridge held between two solid, planar end walls across which a temperature gradient is applied. Thus the basic state of thermo capillary convection consists of a single toroidal roll with the surface motion directed downwards from the hot upper disc to the cold lower one. Bennacer et al [6] studied how different axial profiles of the heat flux affect the flow patterns and transition from ax symmetric steady to ax symmetric oscillatory flow. The three dimensional instability of liquid bridges located between isothermal differentially heated disks were studied by several authors [7-14]. The interface deformation caused by the gravity jitters depends on the volume of the liquid bridge and cause changes in the physical properties of the liquid, which ultimately influence the basic state of the fluid [15-16]. The paper discusses Marangoni convection in a liquid bridge subject to g-jitters in a micro gravity environment. The parametric excitement of the liquid bridge with surface tension variation along with the free surface is considered. We will

Turbidity changes during culvert to bridge upgrades at Carmen Creek, Idaho

Treesearch

Randy B. Foltz; Breann Westfall; Ben Kopyscianski

2012-01-01

Carmen Creek, a tributary to the Salmon River in Idaho, was the site of two culvert to bridge upgrade operations in September and October 2011. Both locations were upgraded from multiple, large diameter culverts to bridge crossings. Turbidity readings measured at the end of the mixing zone during the nearly three weeks of upgrade construction activities did not exceed...

Three Bridge Fryer's Ford Bridge, Nimrod Bridge, and Ward's ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Three Bridge - Fryer's Ford Bridge, Nimrod Bridge, and Ward's Crossing Bridge - Fryer's Ford Bridge, Spanning East Fork of Point Remove Creek at Fryer Bridge Road (CR 67), Solgohachia, Conway County, AR

The Deformation of Overburden Soil and Interaction with Pile Foundations of Bridges Induced by Normal Faulting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Liang-Chun; Li, Chien-Hung; Chan, Pei-Chen; Lin, Ming-Lang

2017-04-01

According to the investigations of well-known disastrous earthquakes in recent years, ground deformation induced by faulting is one of the causes for engineering structure damages in addition to strong ground motion. Most of structures located on faulting zone has been destroyed by fault offset. Take the Norcia Earthquake in Italy (2016, Mw=6.2) as an example, the highway bridge in Arquata crossing the rupture area of the active normal fault suffered a quantity of displacement which causing abutment settlement, the piers of bridge fractured and so on. However, The Seismic Design Provisions and Commentary for Highway Bridges in Taiwan, the stating of it in the general rule of first chapter, the design in bridges crossing active fault: "This specification is not applicable of making design in bridges crossing or near active fault, that design ought to the other particular considerations ".This indicates that the safty of bridges crossing active fault are not only consider the seismic performance, the most ground deformation should be attended. In this research, to understand the failure mechanism and the deformation characteristics, we will organize the case which the bridges subjected faulting at home and abroad. The processes of research are through physical sandbox experiment and numerical simulation by discrete element models (PFC3-D). The normal fault case in Taiwan is Shanchiao Fault. As above, the research can explore the deformation in overburden soil and the influences in the foundations of bridges by normal faulting. While we can understand the behavior of foundations, we will make the bridge superstructures into two separations, simple beam and continuous beam and make a further research on the main control variables in bridges by faulting. Through the above mentioned, we can then give appropriate suggestions about planning considerations and design approaches. This research presents results from sandbox experiment and 3-D numerical analysis to simulate

Methods for strengthening reinforced concrete bridge girders containing poorly detailed flexural steel using near-surface mounted metallics.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-01

Many older reinforced concrete deck girder (RCDG) bridges contain straight-bar terminations of flexural reinforcement in : flexural tension zones without special detailing. Common bridge design practice of the 1950s did not consider the additional : ...

33 CFR 165.T01-0176 - Regulated Navigation Area; Lake Champlain Bridge Construction, Crown Point, New York and Chimney...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Champlain Bridge Construction, Crown Point, New York and Chimney Point, Vermont. 165.T01-0176 Section 165...; Lake Champlain Bridge Construction, Crown Point, New York and Chimney Point, Vermont. (a) Description... and south of the Lake Champlain Bridge construction zone at Crown Point, New York and Chimney Point...

77 FR 44463 - Safety Zone, Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Emerald Isle, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-30

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone, Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Emerald Isle, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at Emerald Isle, North Carolina. The safety zone is... Bridge crossing the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, mile 226, at Emerald Isle, North Carolina. The safety...

76 FR 38018 - Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

...-AA00 Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final... the main span US 70/Morehead City-Newport River high rise bridge in Carteret County, NC. This safety...) entitled Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, North Carolina in the Federal Register (33 FR 165). We...

76 FR 29645 - Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-23

...-AA00 Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary final... the main span US 70/Morehead City--Newport River high rise bridge in Carteret County, NC. This safety... Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, North Carolina in the Federal Register (33 FR 165). We received no...

A magnetic flux leakage and magnetostrictive guided wave hybrid transducer for detecting bridge cables.

PubMed

Xu, Jiang; Wu, Xinjun; Cheng, Cheng; Ben, Anran

2012-01-01

Condition assessment of cables has gained considerable attention for the bridge safety. A magnetic flux leakage and magnetostrictive guided wave hybrid transducer is provided to inspect bridge cables. The similarities and differences between the two methods are investigated. The hybrid transducer for bridge cables consists of an aluminum framework, climbing modules, embedded magnetizers and a ribbon coil. The static axial magnetic field provided by the magnetizers meets the needs of the magnetic flux leakage testing and the magnetostrictive guided wave testing. The magnetizers also provide the attraction for the climbing modules. In the magnetic flux leakage testing for the free length of cable, the coil induces the axial leakage magnetic field. In the magnetostrictive guided wave testing for the anchorage zone, the coil provides a pulse high power variational magnetic field for generating guided waves; the coil induces the magnetic field variation for receiving guided waves. The experimental results show that the transducer with the corresponding inspection system could be applied to detect the broken wires in the free length and in the anchorage zone of bridge cables.

A Magnetic Flux Leakage and Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Hybrid Transducer for Detecting Bridge Cables

PubMed Central

Xu, Jiang; Wu, Xinjun; Cheng, Cheng; Ben, Anran

2012-01-01

Condition assessment of cables has gained considerable attention for the bridge safety. A magnetic flux leakage and magnetostrictive guided wave hybrid transducer is provided to inspect bridge cables. The similarities and differences between the two methods are investigated. The hybrid transducer for bridge cables consists of an aluminum framework, climbing modules, embedded magnetizers and a ribbon coil. The static axial magnetic field provided by the magnetizers meets the needs of the magnetic flux leakage testing and the magnetostrictive guided wave testing. The magnetizers also provide the attraction for the climbing modules. In the magnetic flux leakage testing for the free length of cable, the coil induces the axial leakage magnetic field. In the magnetostrictive guided wave testing for the anchorage zone, the coil provides a pulse high power variational magnetic field for generating guided waves; the coil induces the magnetic field variation for receiving guided waves. The experimental results show that the transducer with the corresponding inspection system could be applied to detect the broken wires in the free length and in the anchorage zone of bridge cables. PMID:22368483

77 FR 64906 - Safety Zone, Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Emerald Isle, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-24

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone, Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Emerald Isle, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... zone on the waters of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at Emerald Isle, North Carolina. The safety... NC 58 Fixed Bridge crossing the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, mile 226, at Emerald Isle, North...

77 FR 57063 - Safety Zone, Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Emerald Isle, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone, Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; Emerald Isle, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... zone on the waters of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at Emerald Isle, North Carolina. The safety... NC 58 Fixed Bridge crossing the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, mile 226, at Emerald Isle, North...

Hybrid Discrete Element - Finite Element Simulation for Railway Bridge-Track Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaewunruen, S.; Mirza, O.

2017-10-01

At the transition zone or sometimes called ‘bridge end’ or ‘bridge approach’, the stiffness difference between plain track and track over bridge often causes aggravated impact loading due to uneven train movement onto the area. The differential track settlement over the transition has been a classical problem in railway networks, especially for the aging rail infrastructures around the world. This problem is also additionally worsened by the fact that the construction practice over the area is difficult, resulting in a poor compaction of formation and subgrade. This paper presents an advanced hybrid simulation using coupled discrete elements and finite elements to investigate dynamic interaction at the transition zone. The goal is to evaluate the dynamic stresses and to better understand the impact dynamics redistribution at the bridge end. An existing bridge ‘Salt Pan Creek Railway Bridge’, located between Revesby and Kingsgrove, has been chosen for detailed investigation. The Salt Pan Bridge currently demonstrates crushing of the ballast causing significant deformation and damage. Thus, it’s imperative to assess the behaviours of the ballast under dynamic loads. This can be achieved by modelling the nonlinear interactions between the steel rail and sleeper, and sleeper to ballast. The continuum solid elements of track components have been modelled using finite element approach, while the granular media (i.e. ballast) have been simulated by discrete element method. The hybrid DE/FE model demonstrates that ballast experiences significant stresses at the contacts between the sleeper and concrete section. These overburden stress exists in the regions below the outer rails, identify fouling and permanent deformation of the ballast.

78 FR 17097 - Safety Zone; Lake Havasu Triathlon; Lake Havasu City, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Lake Havasu Triathlon; Lake Havasu City, AZ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... waters of Lake Havasu and the London Bridge Channel for the Lake Havasu Triathlon. This temporary safety... participants. The waterside swim course consists of 1500 meters in Lake Havasu and the London Bridge Channel...

75 FR 21394 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Revised Critical Habitat for Hine's Emerald...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-23

... critical habitat units are located in Cook, DuPage, and Will Counties in Illinois; Alpena, Mackinac, and... News- Graphic, St. Ignace News, Door County Advocate, Alpena News, Ozaukee Press, and Joliet Herald... commenter asserts that there is little (if any) economic activity in Alpena, Mackinac, or Presque Isle...

Michigan School Privatization Survey 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Daniel J.; LaFaive, Michael D.

2007-01-01

From April 25 through June 30, 2007, the Mackinac Center for Public Policy conducted its fifth survey of the privatization of bus, food and janitorial services among Michigan's 552 conventional public school districts. All Michigan school districts responded. In 2007, the Mackinac Center also conducted a nationwide survey of state education…

Development of a guideline for estimating tsunami forces On bridge superstructures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-10-01

"The Pacific Northwest is vulnerable to seismic events in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) that could generate a : large tsunami that could devastate coastal infrastructure such as bridges. In this context, this paper describes the : development of...

Passive and Active Stabilization of Liquid Bridges in Low Gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marston, Philip L.; Thiessen, David B.; Marr-Lyon, Mark J.; Wei, Wei; Niederhaus, Charles E.; Truong, Duc K.

2001-01-01

Tests are planned in the low gravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS) of new methods for the suppression of the capillary instability of liquid bridges. Our suppression methods are unusual in that they are not limited to liquid bridges having very special properties and may impact a variety of low-gravity and earth-based technologies. There are two main approaches to be investigated: (1) Passive Acoustic Stabilization (PAS); and (2) Active Electrostatic Stabilization (AES). In PAS, the suppression of the mode growth is accomplished by placing the bridge in an acoustic field having the appropriate properties such that the acoustic radiation pressure automatically pulls outward on the thinnest portion of the bridge. In AES, the bridge deformation is sensed optically and counteracted by actively adjusting the electrostatic Maxwell stresses via two ring electrodes concentric with the slightly conducting bridge to offset the growth of the unstable mode. While the present work emphasizes cylindrical bridges, the methods need not be restricted to that case. The methods to be explored are relevant to the suppression of capillary instabilities in floating zone crystal growth, breakup of liquid jets and columns, bubbles, and annular films as well as the management of coolants or propellants in low-gravity.

Detailed seismic evaluation of bridges along I-24 in Western Kentucky.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-09-01

This report presents a seismic rating system and a detailed evaluation procedure for selected highway bridges on/over I-24 in Western Kentucky near the New Madrid Seismic Zone (MNSZ). The rating system, based upon structural vulnerability, seismic an...

Roy D. Bridges Bridge

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-08-06

From left, incoming KSC Director James W. Kennedy looks on as departing KSC Director Roy D. Bridges Jr. shakes hands with the 45th Space Wing Commander Brig. Gen. J. Gregory Pavlovich. The occasion is the unveiling of the new sign on the NASA Causeway naming the bridge for Bridges who is leaving KSC to become the director of NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. The bridge spans the Banana River on the NASA Causeway and connects Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Protective role of RAD50 on chromatin bridges during abnormal cytokinesis.

PubMed

Schröder-Heurich, Bianca; Wieland, Britta; Lavin, Martin F; Schindler, Detlev; Dörk, Thilo

2014-03-01

Faithful chromosome segregation is required for preserving genomic integrity. Failure of this process may entail chromatin bridges preventing normal cytokinesis. To test whether RAD50, a protein normally involved in DNA double-strand break repair, is involved in abnormal cytokinesis and formation of chromatin bridges, we used immunocytochemical and protein interaction assays. RAD50 localizes to chromatin bridges during aberrant cytokinesis and subsequent stages of the cell cycle, either decorating the entire bridge or focally accumulating at the midbody zone. Ionizing radiation led to an ∼4-fold increase in the rate of chromatin bridges in an ataxia telangiectatica mutated (ATM)-dependent manner in human RAD50-proficient fibroblasts but not in RAD50-deficient cells. Cells with a RAD50-positive chromatin bridge were able to continue cell cycling and to progress through S phase (44%), whereas RAD50 knockdown caused a deficiency in chromatin bridges as well as an ∼4-fold prolonged duration of mitosis. RAD50 colocalized and directly interacted with Aurora B kinase and phospho-histone H3, and Aurora B kinase inhibition led to a deficiency in RAD50-positive bridges. Based on these observations, we propose that RAD50 is a crucial factor for the stabilization and shielding of chromatin bridges. Our study provides evidence for a hitherto unknown role of RAD50 in abnormal cytokinesis.

Vigorous convection in a sunspot granular light bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lagg, Andreas; Solanki, Sami K.; van Noort, Michiel; Danilovic, Sanja

2014-08-01

Context. Light bridges are the most prominent manifestation of convection in sunspots. The brightest representatives are granular light bridges composed of features that appear to be similar to granules. Aims: An in-depth study of the convective motions, temperature stratification, and magnetic field vector in and around light bridge granules is presented with the aim of identifying similarities and differences to typical quiet-Sun granules. Methods: Spectropolarimetric data from the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope were analyzed using a spatially coupled inversion technique to retrieve the stratified atmospheric parameters of light bridge and quiet-Sun granules. Results: Central hot upflows surrounded by cooler fast downflows reaching 10 km s-1 clearly establish the convective nature of the light bridge granules. The inner part of these granules in the near surface layers is field free and is covered by a cusp-like magnetic field configuration. We observe hints of field reversals at the location of the fast downflows. The quiet-Sun granules in the vicinity of the sunspot are covered by a low-lying canopy field extending radially outward from the spot. Conclusions: The similarities between quiet-Sun and light bridge granules point to the deep anchoring of granular light bridges in the underlying convection zone. The fast, supersonic downflows are most likely a result of a combination of invigorated convection in the light bridge granule due to radiative cooling into the neighboring umbra and the fact that we sample deeper layers, since the downflows are immediately adjacent to the slanted walls of the Wilson depression. The two movies are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

Anchorage zone design for pretensioned precast bulb-T bridge girders in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

Precast/prestressed concrete girders are commonly used in bridge construction in the United States. The application and diffusion of the prestress force in a pretensioned girder cause a vertical tension force to develop near the end of the beam. Fiel...

78 FR 67086 - Safety Zone, Submarine Cable Replacement Operations, Kent Island Narrows; Queen Anne's County, MD

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-08

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone, Submarine Cable Replacement Operations, Kent Island Narrows; Queen Anne's County... Guard proposes to establish a temporary safety zone encompassing certain waters of Kent Island Narrows... potential safety hazards associated with the bridge project. Entry into this zone would be prohibited unless...

33 CFR 165.T08-0433 - Safety Zone; Waterway Closure, Atchafalaya River from Mile Marker 117 (Morgan City Railroad...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Atchafalaya River from Mile Marker 117 (Morgan City Railroad Bridge) to Mile Marker 0 (Simmesport, LA). 165... Safety Zone; Waterway Closure, Atchafalaya River from Mile Marker 117 (Morgan City Railroad Bridge) to... waters of the Atchafalaya River between MM 117 (Morgan City Railroad Bridge) and MM 0 (Simmesport, LA...

77 FR 64722 - Safety Zone: Leukemia & Lymphoma Light the Night Walk Fireworks Display; Willamette River...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-23

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone: Leukemia & Lymphoma Light the Night Walk Fireworks Display; Willamette River... Steele Bridge and the Burnside Bridge, and will be enforced during the Leukemia & Lymphoma Light the... Light the Night Walk Fireworks Display; Willamette River, Portland, OR. (a) Location. The following area...

Evaluation of RC Bridge Piers Retrofitted using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shayanfar, M. A.; Zarrabian, M. S.

2008-07-01

For many long years, steel reinforcements have been considered as the only tool for concrete confinements and studied widely, but nowadays application of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as an effective alternative is well appreciated. Many bridges have been constructed in the past that are necessary to be retrofitted for resisting against the earthquake motions. The objective of this research is evaluation of nonlinear behavior of RC bridge piers. Eight RC bridge piers have been modeled by ABAQUS software under micromechanical model for homogeneous anisotropic fibers. Also the Bilinear Confinement Model by Nonlinear Transition Zone of Mirmiran has been considered. Then types and angles of fibers and their effects on the final responses were evaluated [1]. Finally, effects of retrofitting are evaluated and some suggestions presented.

47 CFR 80.1007 - Bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone installation. 80.1007 Section 80.1007 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND... Bridge-to-Bridge Act § 80.1007 Bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone installation. Use of the bridge-to-bridge...

47 CFR 80.1007 - Bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone installation. 80.1007 Section 80.1007 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND... Bridge-to-Bridge Act § 80.1007 Bridge-to-bridge radiotelephone installation. Use of the bridge-to-bridge...

The inverse problem for definition of the shape of a molten contact bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kharin, Stanislav N.; Sarsengeldin, Merey M.

2017-09-01

The paper presents the results of investigation of bridging phenomenon occurring at opening of electrical contacts. The mathematical model describing the dynamics of metal molten bridge takes into account the Thomson effect. It is based on the system of partial differential equations for temperature and electrical fields of the bridge in the domain containing two moving unknown boundaries. One of them is an interface between liquid and solid zones of the bridge and should be found by the solution of the corresponding Stefan problem. The second free boundary corresponds to the shape of the visible part of a bridge. Its definition is an inverse problem, for which solution it is necessary to find minimum of the energy consuming for the formation of the shape of a quasi-stationary bridge. Three components of this energy, namely surface tension, pinch effect and gravitation, are defined by the functional which minimum gives the required shape of the bridge. The solution of corresponding variation problem is found by the reduction of the problem to the solution of the system of ordinary differential equations. Calculated values of the voltage of the bridge rupture for various metals are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The criteria responsible for the mechanism of molten bridge rupture are introduced in the paper.

Interlaced zone plate optics for hard X-ray imaging in the 10 nm range

DOE PAGES

Mohacsi, Istvan; Vartiainen, Ismo; Rosner, Benedikt; ...

2017-03-08

Multi-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, single- chip optical devices with 15 andmore » 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Furthermore, beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.« less

Interlaced zone plate optics for hard X-ray imaging in the 10 nm range

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mohacsi, Istvan; Vartiainen, Ismo; Rosner, Benedikt

Multi-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, single- chip optical devices with 15 andmore » 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Furthermore, beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.« less

77 FR 28255 - Safety Zone; Upper Mississippi River, Mile 183.0 to 183.5

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-14

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Upper Mississippi River, Mile 183.0 to 183.5 AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... Upper Mississippi River, from mile 183.0 to mile 183.5, in the vicinity of the Merchants Bridge and... Merchants Bridge in the vicinity of mile 183.0 to 183.5 on the Upper Mississippi River. After initial...

47 CFR 80.331 - Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. 80..., Alarm, Urgency and Safety Procedures § 80.331 Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. (a) Vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act transmitting on the designated navigational frequency must conduct...

47 CFR 80.331 - Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. 80..., Alarm, Urgency and Safety Procedures § 80.331 Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. (a) Vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act transmitting on the designated navigational frequency must conduct...

Interlaced zone plate optics for hard X-ray imaging in the 10 nm range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohacsi, Istvan; Vartiainen, Ismo; Rösner, Benedikt; Guizar-Sicairos, Manuel; Guzenko, Vitaliy A.; McNulty, Ian; Winarski, Robert; Holt, Martin V.; David, Christian

2017-03-01

Multi-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, singlechip optical devices with 15 and 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.

Interlaced zone plate optics for hard X-ray imaging in the 10 nm range

PubMed Central

Mohacsi, Istvan; Vartiainen, Ismo; Rösner, Benedikt; Guizar-Sicairos, Manuel; Guzenko, Vitaliy A.; McNulty, Ian; Winarski, Robert; Holt, Martin V.; David, Christian

2017-01-01

Multi-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, singlechip optical devices with 15 and 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.

Connection Capacity of the Transition Zone in Steel-Concrete Hybrid Beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozioł, Piotr; Kożuch, Maciej; Lorenc, Wojciech; Rowiński, Sławomir

2017-06-01

The problem of transition zone of structural steel element connected to concrete is discussed in the following paper. This zone may be located for instance in specific bridge composite girder. In such case the composite beam passes smoothly into concrete beam. Because of several dowels usage in the transition zone, the problem of uneven force distribution were discussed through analogy to bolted and welded connections. The authors present innovative solution of transition zone and discuss the results, with emphasis put on the transition zone structural response in term of bending capacity, failure model and force distribution on the connection length. The article wider the already executed experimental test and presents its newest results.

BridgePBEE | BridgePBEE

Science.gov Websites

jacking Item 22: Bridge removal (column) Item 23: Bridge removal (portion) Item 24: Approach slab removal for: Search Menu Log in Register PEER Center - 325 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA

A DS-UWB Cognitive Radio System Based on Bridge Function Smart Codes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Yafei; Hong, Sheng; Zhao, Guodong; Zhang, Fengyuan; di, Jinshan; Zhang, Qishan

This paper proposes a direct-sequence UWB Gaussian pulse of cognitive radio systems based on bridge function smart sequence matrix and the Gaussian pulse. As the system uses the spreading sequence code, that is the bridge function smart code sequence, the zero correlation zones (ZCZs) which the bridge function sequences' auto-correlation functions had, could reduce multipath fading of the pulse interference. The Modulated channel signal was sent into the IEEE 802.15.3a UWB channel. We analysis the ZCZs's inhibition to the interference multipath interference (MPI), as one of the main system sources interferences. The simulation in SIMULINK/MATLAB is described in detail. The result shows the system has better performance by comparison with that employing Walsh sequence square matrix, and it was verified by the formula in principle.

Influence of Thermocapillary Flow on Capillary Stability: Long Float-Zones in Low Gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Yi-Ju; Steen, Paul H.

1996-01-01

A model problem is posed to study the influence of flow on the interfacial stability of a nearly cylindrical liquid bridge for lengths near its circumference (the Plateau-Rayleigh limit). The flow is generated by a shear stress imposed on the deformable interface. The symmetry of the imposed shear stress mimics the thermocapillary stress induced on a float-zone by a ring heater (i.e. a full zone). Principal assumptions are (1) zero gravity, (2) creeping flow, and (3) that the imposed coupling at the free surface between flow and temperature fields is the only such coupling. A numerical solution, complemented by a bifurcation analysis, shows that bridges substantially longer than the Plateau-Rayleigh limit are possible. An interaction of the first two capillary instabilities through the stress-induced flow is responsible. Time-periodic standing waves are also predicted in certain parameter ranges. Motivation comes from extra-long float-zones observed in MEPHISTO space lab experiments (June 1994).

33 CFR 165.163 - Safety Zones; Port of New York/New Jersey Fleet Week.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Safety Zones; Port of New York... § 165.163 Safety Zones; Port of New York/New Jersey Fleet Week. (a) The following areas are established... parade vessels as it transits the Port of New York and New Jersey from the Verrazano Narrows Bridge to...

Time dependent fracture and cohesive zones

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knauss, W. G.

1993-01-01

This presentation is concerned with the fracture response of materials which develop cohesive or bridging zones at crack tips. Of special interest are concerns regarding crack stability as a function of the law which governs the interrelation between the displacement(s) or strain across these zones and the corresponding holding tractions. It is found that for some materials unstable crack growth can occur, even before the crack tip has experienced a critical COD or strain across the crack, while for others a critical COD will guarantee the onset of fracture. Also shown are results for a rate dependent nonlinear material model for the region inside of a craze for exploring time dependent crack propagation of rate sensitive materials.

Myocardial Bridge

MedlinePlus

... Center > Myocardial Bridge Menu Topics Topics FAQs Myocardial Bridge En español Your heart is made of muscle, ... surface of the heart. What is a myocardial bridge? A myocardial bridge is a band of heart ...

76 FR 34869 - Safety Zone; Truman-Hobbs Alteration of the Elgin Joliet & Eastern Railroad Drawbridge; Illinois...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-15

... raise any novel legal or policy issues. The safety zone around the bridge project will be relatively... through the safety zone when permitted by the Captain of the Port. Small Entities Under the Regulatory... impact on a substantial number of small entities. The term ``small entities'' comprises small businesses...

Seismic fragility curves of bridge piers accounting for ground motions in Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Duy-Duan; Lee, Tae-Hyung

2018-04-01

Korea is located in a slight-to-moderate seismic zone. Nevertheless, several studies pointed that the peak earthquake magnitude in the region can be reached to approximately 6.5. Accordingly, a seismic vulnerability evaluation of the existing structures accounting for ground motions in Korea is momentous. The purpose of this paper is to develop seismic fragility curves for bridge piers of a steel box girder bridge equipped with and without base isolators based on a set of ground motions recorded in Korea. A finite element simulation platform, OpenSees, is utilized to perform nonlinear time history analyses of the bridges. A series of damage states is defined based on a damage index which is expressed in terms of the column displacement ductility ratio. The fragility curves based on Korean motions were thereafter compared with the fragility curves generated using worldwide earthquakes to assess the effect of the two ground motion groups on the seismic fragility curves of the bridge piers. The results reveal that both non- and base-isolated bridge piers are less vulnerable during the Korean ground motions than that under worldwide earthquakes.

Risk-based zoning for urbanizing floodplains.

PubMed

Porse, Erik

2014-01-01

Urban floodplain development brings economic benefits and enhanced flood risks. Rapidly growing cities must often balance the economic benefits and increased risks of floodplain settlement. Planning can provide multiple flood mitigation and environmental benefits by combining traditional structural measures such as levees, increasingly popular landscape and design features (green infrastructure), and non-structural measures such as zoning. Flexibility in both structural and non-structural options, including zoning procedures, can reduce flood risks. This paper presents a linear programming formulation to assess cost-effective urban floodplain development decisions that consider benefits and costs of development along with expected flood damages. It uses a probabilistic approach to identify combinations of land-use allocations (residential and commercial development, flood channels, distributed runoff management) and zoning regulations (development zones in channel) to maximize benefits. The model is applied to a floodplain planning analysis for an urbanizing region in the Baja Sur peninsula of Mexico. The analysis demonstrates how (1) economic benefits drive floodplain development, (2) flexible zoning can improve economic returns, and (3) cities can use landscapes, enhanced by technology and design, to manage floods. The framework can incorporate additional green infrastructure benefits, and bridges typical disciplinary gaps for planning and engineering.

Interactive display system having a scaled virtual target zone

DOEpatents

Veligdan, James T.; DeSanto, Leonard

2006-06-13

A display system includes a waveguide optical panel having an inlet face and an opposite outlet face. A projector and imaging device cooperate with the panel for projecting a video image thereon. An optical detector bridges at least a portion of the waveguides for detecting a location on the outlet face within a target zone of an inbound light spot. A controller is operatively coupled to the imaging device and detector for displaying a cursor on the outlet face corresponding with the detected location of the spot within the target zone.

77 FR 74784 - Safety Zone for Recovery Operations for East Jefferson Street Train Derailment, Mantua Creek...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-18

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone for Recovery Operations for East Jefferson Street Train Derailment, Mantua Creek... establishing a safety zone one mile north and one mile south of the East Jefferson Street Railroad Bridge... materials into Mantua Creek and the surrounding air. This regulation is necessary to provide for the safety...

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Grids for Shear and End Zone Reinforcement in Bridge Beams

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-01-01

Corrosion of reinforcing steel reduces life spans of bridges throughout the United States; therefore, using non-corroding carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement is seen as a way to increase service life. The use of CFRP as the flexural ...

Preliminary seismic evaluation and ranking of bridges on and over the parkways in Western Kentucky.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-06-01

Five parkways in Western Kentucky are located in the region that is greatly influenced by the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones. This report executes a preliminary screening process, known also as the Seismic Rating System, for bridges on an...

Supraglacial Lakes in the Percolation Zone of the Western Greenland Ice Sheet: Formation and Development using Operation IceBridge Snow Radar and ATM (2009-2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, C.; Howat, I. M.; de la Peña, S.

2015-12-01

Surface meltwater lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet have appeared at higher elevations, extending well into the percolation zone, under recent warming, with the largest expansion occurring in the western Greenland Ice Sheet. The conditions that allow lakes to form atop firn are poorly constrained, but the formation of new lakes imply changes in the permeability of the firn at high elevations, promoting meltwater runoff. We explore the formation and evolution of new surface lakes in this region above 1500 meters, using a combination of satellite imagery and repeat Snow (2-6.5 GHz) radar echograms and LIDAR measurements from NASA's Operation IceBridge of 2009-2014. We identify conditions for surface lake formation at their farthest inland extent and suggest behaviors of persistence and lake drainage are due to differences in regional ice dynamics.

76 FR 18669 - Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-05

...-AA00 Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of proposed... River under the main span US 70/Morehead City--Newport River high rise bridge in Carteret County, NC... Newport River at Morehead City, North Carolina. The contract provides for cleaning, painting, and steel...

76 FR 23227 - Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-26

...-AA00 Safety Zone, Newport River; Morehead City, NC AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of proposed... River under the main span US 70/Morehead City--Newport River high rise bridge in Carteret County, NC... Newport River at Morehead City, North Carolina. The contract provides for cleaning, painting, and steel...

An improved bridge safety index for narrow bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-08-01

In this report, a new bridge safety index is developed based upon an extensive : statistical study of accident data on 78 bridges. A total of 655 accidents : were recorded at these bridges over the six-year period between 1974 and 1979. : Cluster ana...

28. BRIDGE NO. 9 APRON AND BRIDGE HINGE JOINT AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. BRIDGE NO. 9 APRON AND BRIDGE HINGE JOINT AND BRIDGE SUSPENSION SYSTEM SHOWING EYEBAR AND CABLE CONNECTIONS. LOOKING WEST. - Greenville Yard, Transfer Bridge System, Port of New York/New Jersey, Upper New York Bay, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ

Bridge permeameter

DOEpatents

Graf, Darin C.; Warpinski, Norman R.

1996-01-01

A system for single-phase, steady-state permeability measurements of porous rock utilizes a fluid bridge arrangement analogous to a Wheatstone bridge. The arms of the bridge contain the sample and calibrated flow resistors.

29. BRIDGE NO. 13 APRON AND BRIDGE HINGE JOINT AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. BRIDGE NO. 13 APRON AND BRIDGE HINGE JOINT AND BRIDGE SUSPENSION SYSTEM (OLDER STYLE) SHOWING EYEBAR AND CABLE CONNECTIONS. LOOKING WEST. - Greenville Yard, Transfer Bridge System, Port of New York/New Jersey, Upper New York Bay, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ

5. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing east. Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing east. Bridge from south shore of Clark Fork River-southernmost span. 1900-era Northern Pacific Railway Bridge in background. - Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge, Spanning Clark Fork River, serves Highway 200, Clark Fork, Bonner County, ID

Bridge permeameter

DOEpatents

Graf, D.C.; Warpinski, N.R.

1996-08-13

A system is described for single-phase, steady-state permeability measurements of porous rock which utilizes a fluid bridge arrangement analogous to a Wheatstone bridge. The arms of the bridge contain the sample and calibrated flow resistors. 8 figs.

Bridge permeameter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graf, D.C.; Warpinski, N.R.

A system is described for single-phase, steady-state permeability measurements of porous rock which utilizes a fluid bridge arrangement analogous to a Wheatstone bridge. The arms of the bridge contain the sample and calibrated flow resistors. 8 figs.

Long-term bridge performance high priority bridge performance issues.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

Bridge performance is a multifaceted issue involving performance of materials and protective systems, : performance of individual components of the bridge, and performance of the structural system as a whole. The : Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP)...

OVERVIEW OF BRIDGES WITH WAIKELE CANAL BRIDGE IN CENTER, OR&L ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OVERVIEW OF BRIDGES WITH WAIKELE CANAL BRIDGE IN CENTER, OR&L BRIDGE IN BACKGROUND. SHOWING THE EARTHEN INCLINE THAT RAISES FARRINGTON HIGHWAY OVER THE FORMER OR&L TRACKS. NOTE THE 1963 WESTBOUND BRIDGE IN THE FOREGROUND. VIEW FACING EAST. - Waikele Canal Bridge and Highway Overpass, Farrington Highway and Waikele Stream, Waipahu, Honolulu County, HI

47 CFR 80.163 - Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge... Requirements § 80.163 Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. Each ship subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must have on board a radio operator who holds a restricted radiotelephone operator permit or...

47 CFR 80.163 - Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge... Requirements § 80.163 Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. Each ship subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must have on board a radio operator who holds a restricted radiotelephone operator permit or...

Kinetic bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

This report on kinetic bridges is essentially a state-of-the-art study on two types of bridges whose location or physical characteristics are designed to be time dependent. The first type, called a "relocatable bridge", is essentially for use as a te...

Bridge health monitoring metrics : updating the bridge deficiency algorithm.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

As part of its bridge management system, the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) must decide how best to spend its bridge replacement funds. In making these decisions, ALDOT managers currently use a deficiency algorithm to rank bridges that ...

Guardrails for use on historic bridges: volume 2--bridge deck overhang design.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Bridges that are designated historic present a special challenge to bridge engineers whenever rehabilitation work or improvements are : made to the bridges. Federal and state laws protect historically significant bridges, and railings on these bridge...

47 CFR 80.309 - Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. 80... Safety Watches § 80.309 Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. In addition to the watch requirement contained in § 80.148, all vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must keep a watch on the designated...

47 CFR 80.309 - Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. 80... Safety Watches § 80.309 Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. In addition to the watch requirement contained in § 80.148, all vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must keep a watch on the designated...

1. View of bridge from Interstate 195 (Washington Bridge) looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. View of bridge from Interstate 195 (Washington Bridge) looking southwest - India Point Railroad Bridge, Spanning Seekonk River between Providence & East Providence, Providence, Providence County, RI

Field performance of timber bridges. 7, Connell Lake stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

L. E. Hislop; M. A. Ritter

The Connell Lake bridge was constructed in early 1991 on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska, as a demonstration bridge under the Timber Bridge Initiative. The bridge is a stress-laminated deck structure with an approximate 36-ft length and 18-ft width and is the first known stress-laminated timber bridge constructed in Alaska. Performance of the bridge was monitored...

GOETHALS BRIDGE FROM NORTH SIDE OVER ARTHUR KILL. RAILROAD BRIDGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

GOETHALS BRIDGE FROM NORTH SIDE OVER ARTHUR KILL. RAILROAD BRIDGE IN FOREGROUND - Goethals Bridge, Spanning Arthur Kill from New Jersey to Staten Island, Staten Island (subdivision), Richmond County, NY

LOOKING WEST, BETWEEN READING DEPOT BRIDGE AND SKEW ARCH BRIDGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOOKING WEST, BETWEEN READING DEPOT BRIDGE AND SKEW ARCH BRIDGE (HAER No. PA-116). - Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, Reading Depot Bridge, North Sixth Street at Woodward Street, Reading, Berks County, PA

Plans: Poop Deck, Boat Deck, Housetop, Bridge Deck, Upper Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Plans: Poop Deck, Boat Deck, Housetop, Bridge Deck, Upper Bridge Deck, Navigating Bridge, Forecastle Deck, Upper Deck, Second Deck and Hold - Saugatuck, James River Reserve Fleet, Newport News, Newport News, VA

1. VIEW OF SWING BRIDGE FROM KEDZIE AVENUE BRIDGE, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW OF SWING BRIDGE FROM KEDZIE AVENUE BRIDGE, LOOKING EAST. - Chicago, Madison & Northern Railroad, Sanitary & Ship Canal Bridge, Spanning Sanitary & Ship Canal, east of Kedzie Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, IL

3. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing southwest. Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing southwest. Bridge from north shore of Clark Fork River. - Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge, Spanning Clark Fork River, serves Highway 200, Clark Fork, Bonner County, ID

OVERVIEW OF BRIDGES WITH OR&L BRIDGE IN CENTER, WAIKELE CANAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

OVERVIEW OF BRIDGES WITH OR&L BRIDGE IN CENTER, WAIKELE CANAL BRIDGE IN BACKGROUND. SHOWING THE EARTHEN INCLINE THAT RAISES FARRINGTON HIGHWAY OVER THE FORMER OR&L TRACKS. VIEW FACING SOUTHWEST. - Waikele Canal Bridge and Highway Overpass, Farrington Highway and Waikele Stream, Waipahu, Honolulu County, HI

4. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing northeast. Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing northeast. Bridge from south shoreof Clark Fork River showing 4 spans. - Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge, Spanning Clark Fork River, serves Highway 200, Clark Fork, Bonner County, ID

2. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing northeast. Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing northeast. Bridge from south shore of Clark Fork River showing 4 1/2 spans. - Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge, Spanning Clark Fork River, serves Highway 200, Clark Fork, Bonner County, ID

7. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing northwest. Bridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. View of Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge facing northwest. Bridge from south shore of Clark Fork River showing 4 1/2 spans. - Clark Fork Vehicle Bridge, Spanning Clark Fork River, serves Highway 200, Clark Fork, Bonner County, ID

4. View of bridge deck from northeast approach (bridge deck ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. View of bridge deck from northeast approach (bridge deck from southwest approach is virtually identical - Big Cottonwood River Bridge No. 246, Spanning Big Cottonwood River at Cottonwood Street (City Road No. 165), New Ulm, Brown County, MN

NYSDOT Bridge Deck Task Force evaluation of bridge deck cracking on NYSDOT bridges

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-02-01

This paper presents a summary of knowledge gained by the NYSDOT Bridge Deck Task Force (BDTF). Although the paper contains recommendations to reduce the prevalence and severity of bridge deck cracking, it does not include a silver bullet soluti...

Field performance of timber bridges. 4, Graves Crossing stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

J. P. Wacker; M. A. Ritter

The Graves Crossing bridge was constructed October 1991 in Antrim County, Michigan, as part of the demonstration timber bridge program sponsored by the USDA Forest Service. The bridge is a two-span continuous, stress-laminated deck superstructure and it is 36-ft long and 26-ft wide. The bridge is one of the first stress-laminated deck bridges to be built of sawn lumber...

Bridges in complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Ang-Kun; Tian, Liang; Liu, Yang-Yu

2018-01-01

A bridge in a graph is an edge whose removal disconnects the graph and increases the number of connected components. We calculate the fraction of bridges in a wide range of real-world networks and their randomized counterparts. We find that real networks typically have more bridges than their completely randomized counterparts, but they have a fraction of bridges that is very similar to their degree-preserving randomizations. We define an edge centrality measure, called bridgeness, to quantify the importance of a bridge in damaging a network. We find that certain real networks have a very large average and variance of bridgeness compared to their degree-preserving randomizations and other real networks. Finally, we offer an analytical framework to calculate the bridge fraction and the average and variance of bridgeness for uncorrelated random networks with arbitrary degree distributions.

The hepatic bridge.

PubMed

Sugarbaker, Paul H

2018-07-01

The hepatic bridge forms a tunnel of liver parenchyma that may obscure peritoneal metastases associated with the round ligament. Visualization and then resection of nodules associated with this structure is necessary. The incidence of a hepatic bridge and the extent that it covered the round ligament was determined in consecutive patients. Extent of coverage of the round ligament by the hepatic bridge was determined: Class 1 indicates up to one-third of the round ligament obscured, Class 2 up to two-thirds and Class 3 more than two-thirds. In 102 patients in whom the round ligament of the liver could be completely visualized, 50 had a hepatic bridge. Class 1 was 22 (44%) of the bridges, Class 2 was 16 (32%) and Class 3 was 12 (24%). A hepatic bridge was more frequently present in 28 of 45 male patients (62%) vs. 22 of 57 female patients (38%). Approximately one-half of our patients having cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal metastases were observed to have a hepatic bridge. Up to 56% of these patients have Class 2 or 3 hepatic bridge and may require division of the hepatic bridge to completely visualize the contents of the tunnel created by this structure. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.

Bridge resource program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The mission of Rutgers Universitys Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) Bridge Resource Program (BRP) is to provide bridge engineering support to the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT)s Bridge Engineering an...

NCDOT : bridge policy

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-11-01

NCDOTs Bridge Policy establishes controlling design elements for new and reconstructed bridges on the state road system. It includes information to address sidewalks and bicycle facilities on bridges, including minimum handrail heights and sidewal...

33 CFR 165.T11-0511 - Safety Zone; Big Sioux River from the Military Road Bridge North Sioux City to the confluence of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the Military Road Bridge North Sioux City to the confluence of the Missouri River, SD. 165.T11-0511... River from the Military Road Bridge North Sioux City to the confluence of the Missouri River, SD. (a... Bridge, North Sioux City, SD at 42.52 degrees North, 096.48 West longitude to the confluence of the...

Bridged graphite oxide materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herrera-Alonso, Margarita (Inventor); McAllister, Michael J. (Inventor); Aksay, Ilhan A. (Inventor); Prud'homme, Robert K. (Inventor)

2010-01-01

Bridged graphite oxide material comprising graphite sheets bridged by at least one diamine bridging group. The bridged graphite oxide material may be incorporated in polymer composites or used in adsorption media.

50. INTERIOR OF BRIDGE SUSPENSION STRUCTURE ABOVE BRIDGE NOS. 10 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

50. INTERIOR OF BRIDGE SUSPENSION STRUCTURE ABOVE BRIDGE NOS. 10 AND 9 SHOWING CABLE COUNTERWEIGHT SYSTEM AND SCREW-TYPE VERTICAL ADJUSTMENT MACHINERY (LIFTING SCREWS). LOOKING NORTH. - Greenville Yard, Transfer Bridge System, Port of New York/New Jersey, Upper New York Bay, Jersey City, Hudson County, NJ

16. LOG AND PLANK BRIDGE ON ACCESS ROAD NEAR BRIDGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. LOG AND PLANK BRIDGE ON ACCESS ROAD NEAR BRIDGE SITE; SAME STRUCTURE AS SHOWN IN PHOTO #12. ZION NP NEGATIVE NO. 967 ZIO. - Zion-Mount Carmel Highway, Virgin River Bridge, Spanning North Fork of Virgin River on Zion-Mount Carmel Highway, Springdale, Washington County, UT

Laboratory and field testing of an accelerated bridge construction demonstration bridge : US Highway 6 bridge over Keg Creek.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

The US Highway 6 Bridge over Keg Creek outside of Council Bluffs, Iowa is a demonstration bridge site chosen to put into practice : newly-developed Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) concepts. One of these new concepts is the use of prefabricated ...

Instrumentation to Aid in Steel Bridge Fabrication : Bridge Virtual Assembly System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-05-01

This pool funded project developed a BRIDGE VIRTUAL ASSEMBLY SYSTEM (BRIDGE VAS) that improves manufacturing processes and enhances quality control for steel bridge fabrication. The system replaces conventional match-drilling with virtual assembly me...

Regional Greenland accumulation variability from Operation IceBridge airborne accumulation radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, Gabriel; Osterberg, Erich; Hawley, Robert; Whitmore, Brian; Marshall, Hans Peter; Box, Jason

2017-03-01

The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in a warming climate is of critical interest to scientists and the general public in the context of future sea-level rise. An improved understanding of temporal and spatial variability of snow accumulation will reduce uncertainties in GrIS mass balance models and improve projections of Greenland's contribution to sea-level rise, currently estimated at 0.089 ± 0.03 m by 2100. Here we analyze 25 NASA Operation IceBridge accumulation radar flights totaling > 17 700 km from 2013 to 2014 to determine snow accumulation in the GrIS dry snow and percolation zones over the past 100-300 years. IceBridge accumulation rates are calculated and used to validate accumulation rates from three regional climate models. Averaged over all 25 flights, the RMS difference between the models and IceBridge accumulation is between 0.023 ± 0.019 and 0.043 ± 0.029 m w.e. a-1, although each model shows significantly larger differences from IceBridge accumulation on a regional basis. In the southeast region, for example, the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MARv3.5.2) overestimates by an average of 20.89 ± 6.75 % across the drainage basin. Our results indicate that these regional differences between model and IceBridge accumulation are large enough to significantly alter GrIS surface mass balance estimates. Empirical orthogonal function analysis suggests that the first two principal components account for 33 and 19 % of the variance, and correlate with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. Regions that disagree strongest with climate models are those in which we have the fewest IceBridge data points, requiring additional in situ measurements to verify model uncertainties.

Dynamic assessment of bridge deck performance considering realistic bridge-traffic interaction

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

Concrete bridge decks are directly exposed to daily traffic loads and may experience some surface cracking caused by excessive stress or fatigue accumulation, which requires repair or replacement. Among typical bridges in North America, bridge decks ...

BRIDGE BUILDER WILLIAM FLINN’S “CAMP & BRIDGE BUILDING OUTFIT”. INTERIOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BRIDGE BUILDER WILLIAM FLINN’S “CAMP & BRIDGE BUILDING OUTFIT”. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING LABORERS AT MEAL TIME. - Clear Fork of Brazos River Suspension Bridge, Spanning Clear Fork of Brazos River at County Route 179, Albany, Shackelford County, TX

Notable unbuilt bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-01-01

Described and discussed in this exposition are a number of unusual or notable bridges proposed in this century that for various reasons were not built. Emphasis is placed on bridges in the United States, although some bridges in other countries are a...

Field performance of timber bridges. 6, Hoffman Run stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

M. A. Ritter; P. D. Hilbrich Lee; G. J. Porter

The Hoffman Run bridge, located just outside Dahoga, Pennsylvania, was constructed in October 1990. The bridge is a simple-span, single-lane, stress-laminated deck superstructure that is approximately 26 ft long and 16 ft wide. It is the second stress-laminated timber bridge to be constructed of hardwood lumber in Pennsylvania. The performance of the bridge was...

Bridge Programs in Illinois: Results of the 2010 Illinois Bridge Status Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, J. L.; Harmon, T.

2010-01-01

This report provides a summary of major results of the Illinois Bridge Status Survey, administered online between April and June 2010. The purpose of the survey was to understand the extent to which bridge programs are being implemented in Illinois, as well as to build an online directory of bridge programs. Bridge programs are an emerging…

75 FR 54026 - Safety Zone; Red Bull Flugtag, Delaware River, Camden, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-03

... Franklin Bridge. The safety zone will restrict vessel traffic from a portion of the Delaware River [email protected] . If you have questions on viewing the docket, call Renee V. Wright, Program Manager... from vessels and vessels from any debris in the water as a result from the event. Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d...

Parryville Bridge (S.R. 2008, section 01B Bridge) looking north across ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Parryville Bridge (S.R. 2008, section 01B Bridge) looking north across traffic level, showing village of Parryville. - Parryville Bridge, State Route 2008 over Pohapoco Creek, Parryville, Carbon County, PA

33 CFR 165.120 - Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. 165.120 Section 165.120 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 165.120 Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. (a) Location. The following area... downstream of the Chelsea Street Bridge on the Chelsea, MA side of the Chelsea River—hereafter referred to as...

33 CFR 165.120 - Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. 165.120 Section 165.120 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 165.120 Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. (a) Location. The following area... downstream of the Chelsea Street Bridge on the Chelsea, MA side of the Chelsea River—hereafter referred to as...

33 CFR 165.120 - Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. 165.120 Section 165.120 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 165.120 Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. (a) Location. The following area... downstream of the Chelsea Street Bridge on the Chelsea, MA side of the Chelsea River—hereafter referred to as...

33 CFR 165.120 - Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. 165.120 Section 165.120 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... § 165.120 Safety Zone: Chelsea River, Boston Inner Harbor, Boston, MA. (a) Location. The following area... downstream of the Chelsea Street Bridge on the Chelsea, MA side of the Chelsea River—hereafter referred to as...

78 FR 68995 - Safety Zone: Vessel Removal From the Oakland Estuary, Alameda, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-18

...-AA00 Safety Zone: Vessel Removal From the Oakland Estuary, Alameda, CA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... waters of the Oakland Estuary just north of the Park Street Bridge in Alameda, CA in support of the Oakland Estuary Closure for the Vessel Removal Project on November 4, 2013 through November 22, 2013. This...

Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites

USGS Publications Warehouse

Knudsen, K.-L.; Bott, J.D.J.; Woods, M.O.; McGuire, T.L.

2009-01-01

We have developed a liquefaction hazard screening tool for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) that is being used to evaluate the liquefaction hazard to approximately 13,000 bridge sites in California. Because of the large number of bridge sites to be evaluated, we developed a tool that makes use of parameters not typically considered in site-specific liquefaction investigations. We assessed geologic, topographic, seismic hazard, and subsurface conditions at about 100 sites of past liquefaction in California. Among the parameters we found common to many of these sites are: (a) low elevations, (b) proximity to a water body, and (c) presence of geologically youthful deposits or artificial fill materials. The nature of the study necessitated the use of readily available data, preferably datasets that are consistent across the state. The screening tool we provided to Caltrans makes use of the following parameters: (1) proximity to a water body, (2) whether the bridge crosses a water body, (3) the age of site geologic materials and the environment in which the materials were deposited, as discerned from available digital geologic maps, (4) probabilistic shaking estimates, (5) the site elevation, (6) information from available liquefaction hazard maps [covering the 9-county San Francisco Bay Area and Ventura County] and California Geological Survey (CGS) Zones of Required Investigation. For bridge sites at which subsurface boring data were available (from CGS' existing database), we calculated Displacement Potential Index values using a methodology developed by Allison Faris and Jiaer Wu. Caltrans' staff will use this hazard-screening tool, along with other tools focused on bridges and foundations, to prioritize site-specific investigations. ?? 2009 ASCE.

Application of the bridged crack model for evaluation of materials repairing and self-healing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perelmuter, M.

2017-12-01

The bridged crack model is used for analysis of repairing and self-healing of cracked structures. Material repairing is treated as insertions of external ligaments into cracks or placement of the reinforcing patches over cracks. Bonds destruction and regeneration at the crack bridged zone is evaluated by the thermo-fluctuation kinetic theory. The healing time is dependent on the chemical reaction rate of the healing agent, the crack size and the external loads. The decreasing of the stress intensity factors is used as the measure of the repairing and healing effects. The mathematical background of the problem solution is based on the methods of the singular integral-differential equations. The model can be used for the evaluation of composite materials durability.

Bridge deterioration models to support Indiana's bridge management system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-02-01

An effective bridge management system that is equipped with reliable deterioration models enables agency engineers to carry out : monitoring and long-term programming of bridge repair actions. At the project level, deterioration models help the agenc...

Section 3: Optimization of a 550/690-MPa high-performance bridge steel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Magee, A.B.; Gross, J.H.; Stout, R.D.

1997-04-01

This project to develop a high-performance bridge steel was intended to avoid susceptibility of the steel to weld heat-affected-zone cracking and therefore minimize the requirement for preheat, and to increase its fracture toughness at service temperatures. Previous studies by the Lehigh University Center for Advanced Technology for Large Structural Systems have suggested that a Cu-Ni steels with the following composition was an excellent candidate for such a bridge steel: C/0.070; Mn/1.50; P/0.009; S/0.005; Si/0.25; Cu/1.00; Ni/0.75; Cr/0.50; Mo/0.50; V/0.06; Cb/0.010. To confirm that observation, 227-kg heats of the candidate steel were melted and processed to 25- and 50-mm-thick plate bymore » various thermomechanical practices, and the weldability and mechanical properties determined. To evaluate the feasibility of reduced alloy content, two 227-kg heats of a lower hardenability steel were melted with C reduced to 0.06, Mn to 1.25, and Mo to 0.25 and similarly processed and tested. The results indicate that the steels were not susceptible to hydrogen-induced weld-heat-affected-zone cracking when welded without preheat. Jominy end-quench tests of the higher-hardenability steel indicate that a minimum yield-strength of 690 MPa should be readily attainable in thicknesses through 50 mm and marginally at 100 mm. The toughness of the steel readily met AASHTO specifications for Zone 3 in all conditions and thicknesses, and may be sufficiently tough so that the critical crack size will minimize fatigue-crack-extension problems.« less

Designing timber bridge superstructures : a comparison of U.S. and Canadian bridge codes.

Treesearch

James Scott Groenier; James P. Wacker

2008-01-01

Several changes relating to timber bridges have been incorporated into the AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design Specifications recently. In addition, the Federal Highway Administration is strongly encouraging an LRFD-based design approach for all new bridges in the United States. The Bridge Design Code in Canada was one of the first to adopt the limit states design philosophy,...

Field Performance of Timber Bridges. 16: North Siwell Road Stress-Laminated Bridge

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-01

This report is 16th in a series of reports that documents the : field performance of timber bridges. The North Siwell Road bridge was constructed during December 1994 in Hinds County, Mississippi. The bridge is a single span, stress laminated T-beam ...

Field performance of timber bridges. 9, Big Erick`s stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

J. A. Kainz; J. P. Wacker; M. Nelson

The Big Erickas bridge was constructed during September 1992 in Baraga County, Michigan. The bridge is 72 ft long, 16 ft wide, and consists of three simple spans: two stress-laminated deck approach spans and a stress-laminated box center span. The bridge is unique in that it is one of the first known stress-laminated timber bridge applications to use Eastern Hemlock...

Field performance of timber bridges. 5, Little Salmon Creek stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

M. A. Ritter; J. A. Kainz; G. J. Porter

The Little Salmon Creek bridge was constructed in November 1988 on the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania. The bridge is a simple span, single-lane, stress-laminated deck superstructure that is approximately 26-ft long and 16-ft wide. The bridge is unique in that it is the first known stress-laminated timber bridge to be constructed of hardwood lumber. The...

Improving bridge load rating accuracy.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Nearly one-quarter of Alabamas bridges are deemed structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. An : additional seven percent of Alabamas bridges were posted bridges in 2010. (Federal Highway Administration, : 2011) Accurate bridge load rati...

Hydraulic modeling of flow impact on bridge structures: a case study on Citarum bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siregar, R. I.

2018-02-01

Flood waves because of the rapid catchment response to high intense rainfall, breaches of flood defenses may induce huge impact forces on structures, causing structural damage or even failures. Overflowing stream that passes over the bridge, it means to discharge flood water level is smaller than the capacity of the river flow. In this study, the researches present the methodological approach of flood modeling on bridge structures. The amount of force that obtained because of the hydrostatic pressure received by the bridge at the time of the flood caused the bridge structure disrupted. This paper presents simulation of flow impact on bridge structures with some event flood conditions. Estimating the hydrostatic pressure developed new model components, to quantify the flow impact on structures. Flow parameters applied the model for analyzing, such as discharge, velocity, and water level or head that effect of bridge structures. The simulation will illustrate the capability of bridge structures with some event flood river and observe the behavior of the flow that occurred during the flood. Hydraulic flood modeling use HEC-RAS for simulation. This modeling will describe the impact on bridge structures. Based on the above modelling resulted, in 2008 has flood effect more than other years on the Citarum Bridge, because its flow overflow on the bridge.

Evolution of Root Zone Storage after Land Use Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nijzink, R.; Hutton, C.; Capell, R.; Pechlivanidis, I.; Hrachowitz, M.; Savenije, H.

2015-12-01

It has been acknowledged for some time that a coupling exists between vegetation, climate and hydrological processes (e.g. Eagleson, 1982a, Rodriguez-Iturbe,2001 ). Recently, Gao et al.(2014) demonstrated that one of the core parameters of hydrological functioning, the catchment-scale root zone water storage capacity, can be estimated based on climate data alone. It was shown that ecosystems develop root zone storage capacities that allow vegetation to bridge droughts with return periods of about 20 years. As a consequence, assuming that the evaporative demand determines the root zone storage capacity, land use changes, such as deforestation, should have an effect on the development of this capacity . In this study it was tested to which extent deforestation affects root zone storage capacities. To do so, four different hydrological models were calibrated in a moving window approach after deforestation occurred. In this way, model based estimates of the storage capacity in time were obtained. This was compared with short term estimates of root zone storage capacities based on a climate based method similar to Gao et al.(2014). In addition, the equilibrium root zone storage capacity was determined with the total time series of an unaffected control catchment. Preliminary results indicate that models tend to adjust their storage capacity to the values found by the climate based method. This is strong evidence that the root zone storage is determined by the evaporative demand of vegetation. Besides, root zones storage capacities develop towards an equilibrium value where the ecosystem is in balance, further highlighting the evolving, time dynamic character of hydrological systems.

Development of bridge girder movement criteria for accelerated bridge construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

End diaphragms connect multiple girders to form a bridge superstructure system for effective resistance to earthquake loads. Concrete : girder bridges that include end diaphragms consistently proved to perform well during previous earthquake events. ...

Diode-quad bridge circuit means

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrison, D. R.; Dimeff, J. (Inventor)

1975-01-01

Diode-quad bridge circuit means is described for use as a transducer circuit or as a discriminator circuit. It includes: (1) a diode bridge having first, second, third, and fourth bridge terminals consecutively coupled together by four diodes polarized in circulating relationship; (2) a first impedance connected between the second bridge terminal and a circuit ground; (3) a second impedance connected between the fourth bridge terminal and the circuit ground; (4) a signal source having a first source terminal capacitively coupled to the first and third bridge terminals, and a second source terminal connected to the circuit ground; and (5) an output terminal coupled to the first bridge terminal and at which an output signal may be taken.

4. VIEW OF SILVER BRIDGE (ST. MARY'S BRIDGE), CARRYING COUNTY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. VIEW OF SILVER BRIDGE (ST. MARY'S BRIDGE), CARRYING COUNTY ROAD OVER SOURIS RIVER NEAR SOUTH END OF REFUGE, LOOKING NORTHEAST - Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge Dams, Souris River Basin, Foxholm, Surrey (England), ND

Sedimentology, conodonts and ostracods of the Devonian - Carboniferous strata of the Anseremme railway bridge section, Dinant Basin, Belgium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Casier, J.-G.; Mamet, B.; Preat, A.; Sandberg, C.A.

2004-01-01

Seven major carbonate microfacies are defined in the Devonian - Carboniferous (D/C) strata (50 m) of the Anseremme railway bridge section, south of Dinant. They permit recognition of several levels encompassing the Etroeungt and Hastie??re formations. "Bathymetric" sequences range from open marine, below the storm wave base, to semi-restricted lagoon. This sequence records a shallowing-upward trend of the relative sea level, from environments below the storm wave base to strongly eroded supraticial pre-evaporitic environments. Faunal components (echinoderms, brachiopods...) indicate open-marine domain for the first six microfacies located within the dysphoticeuphotic zone in relatively shallow waters. The textures of the rocks (mudstones to rudstones) associated with lamination characteristics indicate the position of the storm (SWB) and the fair-weather (FWWB) wave bases. Microfacies seven suggests a semi-restricted platform with salinity fluctuations from hypersaline brines to brackish waters. Thus, the boundary of the Etroeungt/Hastie??re formations is marked by an abrupt drop in sea level. Carbonate micro-conglomerates recording an important erosive phase and a sedimentary hiatus. The environment is again open marine in the upper part of the Hastie??re Formation. Our conclusion is that the Anseremme section is not a reliable continuous succession for the study of the D/C boundary. This confirms the VAN STEENWINKEL (1988, 1993 hypothesis based on other arguments. Conodont faunas demonstrate that the Devonian sequence spans the five youngest conodont zones, but that two of these zones are not represented. The Epinette Formation is dated as the youngest part of the Middle expansa Zone. Thus, the boundary with the Late praesulcata Zone probably coincides with the sharp sedimentological change at the base of the Etroeungt Formation, which is interpreted to belong entirely to this zone. The disconformably overlying basal bed 159 of the Hastie??re Formation is dated

Dog Bridge, view of the deck of the bridge and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Dog Bridge, view of the deck of the bridge and rails looking from Linden Lane - National Park Seminary, Bounded by Capitol Beltway (I-495), Linden Lane, Woodstove Avenue, & Smith Drive, Silver Spring, Montgomery County, MD

2. DETAIL OF KLINGLE ROAD BRIDGE AND PATHWAY BRIDGE CROSSINGS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. DETAIL OF KLINGLE ROAD BRIDGE AND PATHWAY BRIDGE CROSSINGS. AERIAL VIEW OF BEACH DRIVE AT INTERSECTION OF KLINGLE ROAD AND PORTER STREET. VIEW NE. - Rock Creek Park Road System, Washington, District of Columbia, DC

Load ratings for secondary bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-05-01

A load rating states the load in tons which a vehicle can impose on a bridge. : Changes in guidelines, standards, and customary uses of bridges require : analyses of bridges to be updated and re-evaluated. : In this report, twenty-two secondary bridg...

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-03-25

NASA Terra spacecraft shows the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge or Pearl Bridge, the longest central span of any suspension bridge in the world, at 1991 meters, connecting the city of Kobe, Japan with Iwaja on Awaji Island by crossing the busy Akashi Strait.

Morphological aspects of myocardial bridges.

PubMed

Lujinović, Almira; Kulenović, Amela; Kapur, Eldan; Gojak, Refet

2013-11-01

Although some myocardial bridges can be asymptomatic, their presence often causes coronary disease either through direct compression of the "tunnel" segment or through stimulation and accelerated development of atherosclerosis in the segment proximally to the myocardial bridge. The studied material contained 30 human hearts received from the Department of Anatomy. The hearts were preserved 3 to 5 days in 10% formalin solution. Thereafter, the fatty tissue was removed and arterial blood vessels prepared by careful dissection with special reference to the presence of the myocardial bridges. Length and thickness of the bridges were measured by the precise electronic caliper. The angle between the myocardial bridge fibre axis and other axis of the crossed blood vessel was measured by a goniometer. The presence of the bridges was confirmed in 53.33% of the researched material, most frequently (43.33%) above the anterior interventricular branch. The mean length of the bridges was 14.64 ± 9.03 mm and the mean thickness was 1.23 ± 1.32 mm. Myocardial bridge fibres pass over the descending blood vessel at the angle of 10-90 degrees. The results obtained on a limited sample suggest that the muscular index of myocardial bridge is the highest for bridges located on RIA, but that the difference is not significant in relation to bridges located on other branches. The results obtained suggest that bridges located on other branches, not only those on RIA, could have a great contractive power and, consequently, a great compressive force, which would be exerted on the wall of a crossed blood vessel.

Interaction Behavior between Thrust Faulting and the National Highway No. 3 - Tianliao III bridge as Determined using Numerical Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, C. H.; Wu, L. C.; Chan, P. C.; Lin, M. L.

2016-12-01

The National Highway No. 3 - Tianliao III Bridge is located in the southwestern Taiwan mudstone area and crosses the Chekualin fault. Since the bridge was opened to traffic, it has been repaired 11 times. To understand the interaction behavior between thrust faulting and the bridge, a discrete element method-based software program, PFC, was applied to conduct a numerical analysis. A 3D model for simulating the thrust faulting and bridge was established, as shown in Fig. 1. In this conceptual model, the length and width were 50 and 10 m, respectively. Part of the box bottom was moveable, simulating the displacement of the thrust fault. The overburden stratum had a height of 5 m with fault dip angles of 20° (Fig. 2). The bottom-up strata were mudstone, clay, and sand, separately. The uplift was 1 m, which was 20% of the stratum thickness. In accordance with the investigation, the position of the fault tip was set, depending on the fault zone, and the bridge deformation was observed (Fig. 3). By setting "Monitoring Balls" in the numerical model to analyzes bridge displacement, we determined that the bridge deck deflection increased as the uplift distance increased. Furthermore, the force caused by the loading of the bridge deck and fault dislocation was determined to cause a down deflection of the P1 and P2 bridge piers. Finally, the fault deflection trajectory of the P4 pier displayed the maximum displacement (Fig. 4). Similar behavior has been observed through numerical simulation as well as field monitoring data. Usage of the discrete element model (PFC3D) to simulate the deformation behavior between thrust faulting and the bridge provided feedback for the design and improved planning of the bridge.

Field performance of timber bridges. 17, Ciphers stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

James P. Wacker; James A. Kainz; Michael A. Ritter

In September 1989, the Ciphers bridge was constructed within the Beltrami Island State Forest in Roseau County, Minnesota. The bridge superstructure is a two-span continuous stress-laminated deck that is approximately 12.19 m long, 5.49 m wide, and 305 mm deep (40 ft long, 18 ft wide, and 12 in. deep). The bridge is one of the first to utilize red pine sawn lumber for...

6. VIEW OF GDOT BRIDGE NO. 02700268X00678N BRIDGE PLATE IDENTIFYING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF GDOT BRIDGE NO. 027-00268X-00678N BRIDGE PLATE IDENTIFYING COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION. - GDOT Bridge No. 027-00268X-00678N, County Road 268-Empress Road span Piscola Creek, Quitman, Brooks County, GA

33 CFR 165.164 - Regulated Navigation Areas, Security Zones: Dignitary Arrival/Departure and United Nations...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... regulated navigation areas (RNA) or security zones: (1) Wall Street Heliport RNA. All waters of the East... northwest corner of Pier 2 North, Brooklyn (NAD 1983). (2) Randalls and Wards Islands RNA: All waters of the..., and all waters south of the Queensboro Bridge (NAD 1983). (6) United Nations Full River Closure RNA...

49 CFR 236.312 - Movable bridge, interlocking of signal appliances with bridge devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Movable bridge, interlocking of signal appliances with bridge devices. 236.312 Section 236.312 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Interlocking Standards § 236.312 Movable bridge, interlocking of signal...

49 CFR 236.312 - Movable bridge, interlocking of signal appliances with bridge devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Movable bridge, interlocking of signal appliances with bridge devices. 236.312 Section 236.312 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Interlocking Standards § 236.312 Movable bridge, interlocking of signal...

76 FR 55160 - Annual Materials Report on New Bridge Construction and Bridge Rehabilitation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-06

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration Annual Materials Report on New Bridge Construction and Bridge Rehabilitation AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Notice... for Users (SAFETEA-LU) (Pub. L. 109-59; 119 Stat. 1144) continued the highway bridge program to enable...

77 FR 53251 - Annual Materials Report on New Bridge Construction and Bridge Rehabilitation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-31

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration Annual Materials Report on New Bridge Construction and Bridge Rehabilitation AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Notice... for Users (SAFETEA-LU) (Pub. L. 109-59; 119 Stat. 1144) continued the highway bridge program to enable...

75 FR 62181 - Annual Materials Report on New Bridge Construction and Bridge Rehabilitation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration Annual Materials Report on New Bridge Construction and Bridge Rehabilitation AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT. ACTION: Notice... for Users (SAFETEA-LU) (Pub. L. 109-59; 119 Stat. 1144) continued the highway bridge program to enable...

Global root zone storage capacity from satellite-based evaporation data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang-Erlandsson, Lan; Bastiaanssen, Wim; Gao, Hongkai; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Senay, Gabriel; van Dijk, Albert; Guerschman, Juan; Keys, Patrick; Gordon, Line; Savenije, Hubert

2016-04-01

We present an "earth observation-based" method for estimating root zone storage capacity - a critical, yet uncertain parameter in hydrological and land surface modelling. By assuming that vegetation optimises its root zone storage capacity to bridge critical dry periods, we were able to use state-of-the-art satellite-based evaporation data computed with independent energy balance equations to derive gridded root zone storage capacity at global scale. This approach does not require soil or vegetation information, is model independent, and is in principle scale-independent. In contrast to traditional look-up table approaches, our method captures the variability in root zone storage capacity within land cover type, including in rainforests where direct measurements of root depth otherwise are scarce. Implementing the estimated root zone storage capacity in the global hydrological model STEAM improved evaporation simulation overall, and in particular during the least evaporating months in sub-humid to humid regions with moderate to high seasonality. We find that evergreen forests are able to create a large storage to buffer for extreme droughts (with a return period of up to 60 years), in contrast to short vegetation and crops (which seem to adapt to a drought return period of about 2 years). The presented method to estimate root zone storage capacity eliminates the need for soils and rooting depth information, which could be a game-changer in global land surface modelling.

Global root zone storage capacity from satellite-based evaporation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang-Erlandsson, Lan; Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Gao, Hongkai; Jägermeyr, Jonas; Senay, Gabriel B.; van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.; Guerschman, Juan P.; Keys, Patrick W.; Gordon, Line J.; Savenije, Hubert H. G.

2016-04-01

This study presents an "Earth observation-based" method for estimating root zone storage capacity - a critical, yet uncertain parameter in hydrological and land surface modelling. By assuming that vegetation optimises its root zone storage capacity to bridge critical dry periods, we were able to use state-of-the-art satellite-based evaporation data computed with independent energy balance equations to derive gridded root zone storage capacity at global scale. This approach does not require soil or vegetation information, is model independent, and is in principle scale independent. In contrast to a traditional look-up table approach, our method captures the variability in root zone storage capacity within land cover types, including in rainforests where direct measurements of root depths otherwise are scarce. Implementing the estimated root zone storage capacity in the global hydrological model STEAM (Simple Terrestrial Evaporation to Atmosphere Model) improved evaporation simulation overall, and in particular during the least evaporating months in sub-humid to humid regions with moderate to high seasonality. Our results suggest that several forest types are able to create a large storage to buffer for severe droughts (with a very long return period), in contrast to, for example, savannahs and woody savannahs (medium length return period), as well as grasslands, shrublands, and croplands (very short return period). The presented method to estimate root zone storage capacity eliminates the need for poor resolution soil and rooting depth data that form a limitation for achieving progress in the global land surface modelling community.

Comprehensive evaluation of fracture critical bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Two-girder steel bridges are classified as fracture critical bridges based on the definition given in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. In a fracture critical bridge a failure of a tension member leads to collapse of the bridge. However, ...

Evaluation of bridge replacement alternatives for the county bridge system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-08-01

Recent reports have indicated that 23.5 percent of the nation's highway bridges are : structurally deficient and 17.7 percent are functionally obsolete. A significant number of these bridges : are on the Iowa county road system. The objective of the ...

Field performance of timber bridges. 16, North Siwell Road stress-laminated bridge

Treesearch

J. A. Kainz

The North Siwell Road bridge was constructed during December 1994 in Hinds County, Mississippi. The bridge is a single-span, stress-laminated T-beam structure that measures 9.1 m (30 ft) long and 8.7 m (28.5 ft) wide. Performance of the bridge was monitored for 24 months, beginning at the time of installation. Monitoring involved gathering and evaluating data relative...

Field performance of timber bridges. 10, Sanborn Brook stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

P. D. Hilbrich Lee; J. P. Wacker; M. A. Ritter

The Sanborn Brook bridge was constructed in August 1991, 10 miles northeast of Concord, New Hampshire, as part of the demonstration timber bridge program of the USDA Forest Service. The bridge is a simple-span, double-lane, stress-laminated deck superstructure constructed from Southern Pine lumber and is approximately 25 ft long and 28 ft wide with a skew of 14 degrees...

Impact of cascadia subduction zone earthquake on the seismic evaluation criteria of bridges : technical report : SPR 770.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

A large magnitude long duration subduction earthquake is impending in the Pacific Northwest, which lies near the : Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). Great subduction zone earthquakes are the largest earthquakes in the world and are the sole source : zo...

Performance evaluation of bridges with structural bridge deck overlays (SBDO).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-03-01

Structural Bridge Deck Overlay (SBDO) involves applying 6 to 10 inches (150 to 200 mm) of normal weight, class AA, reinforced concrete directly to a bridges original slab. The overlay is designed to increase the deck elevation to an extent that st...

Pollen evidence for late pleistocene bering land bridge environments from Norton Sound, Northeastern Bering Sea, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ager, T.A.; Phillips, R.L.

2008-01-01

After more than half a century of paleoenvironmental investigations, disagreements persist as to the nature of vegetation type and climate of the Bering land bridge (BLB) during the late Wisconsin (Sartan) glacial interval. Few data exist from sites on the former land bridge, now submerged under the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Two hypotheses have emerged during the past decade. The first, based on pollen data from Bering Sea islands and adjacent mainlands of western Alaska and Northeast Siberia, represents the likely predominant vegetation on the Bering land bridge during full-glacial conditions: graminoid-herb-willow tundra vegetation associated with cold, dry winters and cool, dry summer climate. The second hypothesis suggests that dwarf birch-shrub-herb tundra formed a broad belt across the BLB, and that mesic vegetation was associated with cold, snowier winters and moist, cool summers. As a step towards resolving this controversy, a sediment core from Norton Sound, northeastern Bering Sea was radiocarbon dated and analyzed for pollen content. Two pollen zones were identified. The older, bracketed by radiocarbon ages of 29,500 and 11,515 14C yr BP, contains pollen assemblages composed of grass, sedge, wormwood, willow, and a variety of herb (forb) taxa. These assemblages are interpreted to represent graminoid-herb-willow tundra vegetation that developed under an arid, cool climate regime. The younger pollen zone sediments were deposited about 11,515 14C yr BP, when rising sea level had begun to flood the BLB. This younger pollen zone contains pollen of birch, willow, heaths, aquatic plants, and spores of sphagnum moss. This is interpreted to represent a Lateglacial dwarf birch-heath-willow-herb tundra vegetation, likely associated with a wetter climate with deeper winter snows, and moist, cool summers. This record supports the first hypothesis, that graminoid-herb-willow tundra vegetation extended into the lowlands of the BLB during full glacial conditions of the

Long continuous bridge deck evaluation : John Day River Bridge, Clatsop County, Bridge No. 1827B : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-06-01

The John Day River Bridge, near Astoria, Oregon was built with a continuous deck length of 1,105 ft. (340 m). The rationale for designing the John Day River Bridge with an unusually long continuous deck is in part based on the site's very mild climat...

Bridge Structure, Foundation and Approach Embankment Performance for the October-November 2002 Earthquake Sequence on the Denali Fault, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vinson, T. S.; Hulsey, L.; Ma, J.; Connor, B.; Brooks, T. E.

2002-12-01

More than two dozen major bridges were subjected to severe ground motions during the October-November 2002 Earthquake Sequence on the Denali Fault, Alaska. The bridges represented a number of conventional designs constructed over the past three to four decades. The objective of the field investigation presented herein was to determine the extent of the damage, if any, to the bridge structures, foundations and approach embankments. This was accomplished by direct inspection of the bridges by the authors (or employees of their organizations) along the Richardson, Alaska, Parks, and Denali Highways, the Tok Cutoff, and the railroad bridges for the railroad alignment between Trapper Creek and Fairbanks. More specifically, the members of the investigation team (represented by the authors) conducted more than three days of field inspections of bridges within the zone of severe ground shaking during the M6.7 and M7.9 Denali fault events. The primary conclusion noted was that while a substantial number of bridges were subjected to intense shaking they all performed very well and were not damaged to the extent that remedial repairs to the bridge structure were necessary. There were occurrences of lateral spreading/liquefaction related damage to the approach embankments and slight separation of the approach embankment from the abutment foundation systems. Overall, considering the severity of ground shaking, much greater damage to the bridge structures, foundations and approach embankments would be predicted. Had the earthquakes occurred during winter when the ground was frozen and the ductility of the structures was substantially reduced events comparable to the October-November 2002 Earthquake Sequence on the Denali Fault, Alaska could have resulted in significant damage to bridges. This reconnaissance was supported by the National Science Foundation, Alaska Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities, and the Alaska Railroad Corporation.

Reconfigurable wireless monitoring systems for bridges: validation on the Yeondae Bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Junhee; Lynch, Jerome P.; Zonta, Daniele; Lee, Jong-Jae; Yun, Chung-Bang

2009-03-01

The installation of a structural monitoring system on a medium- to large-span bridge can be a challenging undertaking due to high system costs and time consuming installations. However, these historical challenges can be eliminated by using wireless sensors as the primary building block of a structural monitoring system. Wireless sensors are low-cost data acquisition nodes that utilize wireless communication to transfer data from the sensor to the data repository. Another advantageous characteristic of wireless sensors is their ability to be easily removed and reinstalled in another sensor location on the same structure; this installation modularity is highlighted in this study. Wireless sensor nodes designed for structural monitoring applications are installed on the 180 m long Yeondae Bridge (Korea) to measure the dynamic response of the bridge to controlled truck loading. To attain a high nodal density with a small number (20) of wireless sensors, the wireless sensor network is installed three times with each installation concentrating sensors in one portion of the bridge. Using forced and free vibration response data from the three installations, the modal properties of the bridge are accurately identified. Intentional nodal overlapping of the three different sensor installations allows mode shapes from each installation to be stitched together into global mode shapes. Specifically, modal properties of the Yeondae Bridge are derived off-line using frequency domain decomposition (FDD) modal analysis methods.

33 CFR 115.40 - Bridge repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bridge repairs. 115.40 Section 115.40 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.40 Bridge repairs. Repairs to a bridge which do...

33 CFR 115.40 - Bridge repairs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bridge repairs. 115.40 Section 115.40 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.40 Bridge repairs. Repairs to a bridge which do...

Building Better Bridges into STEM: A Synthesis of 25 Years of Literature on STEM Summer Bridge Programs

PubMed Central

Ashley, Michael; Cooper, Katelyn M.; Cala, Jacqueline M.; Brownell, Sara E.

2017-01-01

Summer bridge programs are designed to help transition students into the college learning environment. Increasingly, bridge programs are being developed in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines because of the rigorous content and lower student persistence in college STEM compared with other disciplines. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of STEM summer bridge programs does not exist. To provide a resource for bridge program developers, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on STEM summer bridge programs. We identified 46 published reports on 30 unique STEM bridge programs that have been published over the past 25 years. In this review, we report the goals of each bridge program and whether the program was successful in meeting these goals. We identify 14 distinct bridge program goals that can be organized into three categories: academic success goals, psychosocial goals, and department-level goals. Building on the findings of published bridge reports, we present a set of recommendations for STEM bridge programs in hopes of developing better bridges into college. PMID:29146667

Assessment of noise environment during construction of a major bridge and associated approach road.

PubMed

Roy, T K; Mukhopadhyay, A R; Ghosh, S K; Majumder, G

2011-10-01

In this paper a methodology to quantify the noise environment, during a major bridge construction and upgrading approach road connectivity, has been provided. Noise levels were monitored at eleven sites. These eleven sites have been classified into three categories - commercial, residential and silence zones. The study was carried out to measure the ambient noise levels in all the eleven sites falling in the above three categories during both day and night times considering both "working" and "non-working" days. It was found that the mean noise level during night time was more, compared to that during day time for commercial, residential as well as silence zones. The likely causes of more noise during night time have been explored. Appropriate remedial measures have been suggested to reduce the noise levels. In addition, the noise levels in the above three zones have been compared, wherever feasible statistically, with the respective zonal standards. Significance has been found in all the cases. The underlying causes and remedies have been provided.

Wright-Fisher diffusion bridges.

PubMed

Griffiths, Robert C; Jenkins, Paul A; Spanò, Dario

2017-10-06

The trajectory of the frequency of an allele which begins at x at time 0 and is known to have frequency z at time T can be modelled by the bridge process of the Wright-Fisher diffusion. Bridges when x=z=0 are particularly interesting because they model the trajectory of the frequency of an allele which appears at a time, then is lost by random drift or mutation after a time T. The coalescent genealogy back in time of a population in a neutral Wright-Fisher diffusion process is well understood. In this paper we obtain a new interpretation of the coalescent genealogy of the population in a bridge from a time t∈(0,T). In a bridge with allele frequencies of 0 at times 0 and T the coalescence structure is that the population coalesces in two directions from t to 0 and t to T such that there is just one lineage of the allele under consideration at times 0 and T. The genealogy in Wright-Fisher diffusion bridges with selection is more complex than in the neutral model, but still with the property of the population branching and coalescing in two directions from time t∈(0,T). The density of the frequency of an allele at time t is expressed in a way that shows coalescence in the two directions. A new algorithm for exact simulation of a neutral Wright-Fisher bridge is derived. This follows from knowing the density of the frequency in a bridge and exact simulation from the Wright-Fisher diffusion. The genealogy of the neutral Wright-Fisher bridge is also modelled by branching Pólya urns, extending a representation in a Wright-Fisher diffusion. This is a new very interesting representation that relates Wright-Fisher bridges to classical urn models in a Bayesian setting. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Extracorporeal Life Support Bridge to Ventricular Assist Device: The Double Bridge Strategy.

PubMed

Marasco, Silvana F; Lo, Casey; Murphy, Deirdre; Summerhayes, Robyn; Quayle, Margaret; Zimmet, Adam; Bailey, Michael

2016-01-01

In patients requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, it can be difficult to ascertain suitability for long-term mechanical support with LVAD and eventual transplantation. LVAD implantation in a shocked patient is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Interest is growing in the utilization of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge-to-bridge support for these critically unwell patients. Here, we reviewed our experience with ECLS double bridging. We hypothesized that ECLS double bridging would stabilize end-organ dysfunction and reduce ventricular assist device (VAD) implant perioperative mortality. We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 58 consecutive patients implanted with a continuous-flow LVAD between January 2010 and December 2013 at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Twenty-three patients required ECLS support pre-LVAD while 35 patients underwent LVAD implantation without an ECLS bridge. Preoperative morbidity in the ECLS bridge group was reflected by increased postoperative intensive care duration, blood loss, blood product use, and postoperative renal failure, but without negative impact upon survival when compared with the no ECLS group. ECLS stabilization improved end-organ function pre-VAD implant with significant improvements in hepatic and renal dysfunction. This series demonstrates that the use of ECLS bridge to VAD stabilizes end-organ dysfunction and reduces VAD implant perioperative mortality from that traditionally reported in these "crash and burn" patients. Copyright © 2015 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Numerical Simulation of Hysteretic Live Load Effect in a Soil-Steel Bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sobótka, Maciej

2014-03-01

The paper presents numerical simulation of hysteretic live load effect in a soil-steel bridge. The effect was originally identified experimentally by Machelski [1], [2]. The truck was crossing the bridge one way and the other in the full-scale test performed. At the same time, displacements and stress in the shell were measured. The major conclusion from the research was that the measured quantities formed hysteretic loops. A numerical simulation of that effect is addressed in the present work. The analysis was performed using Flac finite difference code. The methodology of solving the mechanical problems implemented in Flac enables us to solve the problem concerning a sequence of load and non-linear mechanical behaviour of the structure. The numerical model incorporates linear elastic constitutive relations for the soil backfill, for the steel shell and the sheet piles, being a flexible substructure for the shell. Contact zone between the shell and the soil backfill is assumed to reflect elastic-plastic constitutive model. Maximum shear stress in contact zone is limited by the Coulomb condition. The plastic flow rule is described by dilation angle ψ = 0. The obtained results of numerical analysis are in fair agreement with the experimental evidence. The primary finding from the performed simulation is that the slip in the interface can be considered an explanation of the hysteresis occurrence in the charts of displacement and stress in the shell.

78 FR 41689 - Safety Zone; Skagit River Bridge, Skagit River, Mount Vernon, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-11

... Management Facility in Room W12-140 on the ground floor of the Department of Transportation West Building... email LTJG Nathaniel Clinger, Waterways Management Division, Coast Guard Sector Puget Sound; Coast Guard...; thence west back to the point of origin. Vessels wishing to enter the zone must request permission for...

Advanced bridge safety initiative : FRP flexural retrofit for concrete slab bridges - task 4 deliverables.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

Concrete slab bridges are being examined as part of the MaineDOT Advanced Bridge Safety Initiative. Under Tasks : 1 3 a finite element analysis program is developed, validated and applied to twenty bridges. : Task 4 investigates and develops a no...

Semiconductor bridge (SCB) detonator

DOEpatents

Bickes, Jr., Robert W.; Grubelich, Mark C.

1999-01-01

The present invention is a low-energy detonator for high-density secondary-explosive materials initiated by a semiconductor bridge igniter that comprises a pair of electrically conductive lands connected by a semiconductor bridge. The semiconductor bridge is in operational or direct contact with the explosive material, whereby current flowing through the semiconductor bridge causes initiation of the explosive material. Header wires connected to the electrically-conductive lands and electrical feed-throughs of the header posts of explosive devices, are substantially coaxial to the direction of current flow through the SCB, i.e., substantially coaxial to the SCB length.

Semiconductor bridge (SCB) detonator

DOEpatents

Bickes, R.W. Jr.; Grubelich, M.C.

1999-01-19

The present invention is a low-energy detonator for high-density secondary-explosive materials initiated by a semiconductor bridge (SCB) igniter that comprises a pair of electrically conductive lands connected by a semiconductor bridge. The semiconductor bridge is in operational or direct contact with the explosive material, whereby current flowing through the semiconductor bridge causes initiation of the explosive material. Header wires connected to the electrically-conductive lands and electrical feed-throughs of the header posts of explosive devices, are substantially coaxial to the direction of current flow through the SCB, i.e., substantially coaxial to the SCB length. 3 figs.

Bridge maintenance to enhance corrosion resistance and performance of steel girder bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moran Yanez, Luis M.

The integrity and efficiency of any national highway system relies on the condition of the various components. Bridges are fundamental elements of a highway system, representing an important investment and a strategic link that facilitates the transport of persons and goods. The cost to rehabilitate or replace a highway bridge represents an important expenditure to the owner, who needs to evaluate the correct time to assume that cost. Among the several factors that affect the condition of steel highway bridges, corrosion is identified as the main problem. In the USA corrosion is the primary cause of structurally deficient steel bridges. The benefit of regular high-pressure superstructure washing and spot painting were evaluated as effective maintenance activities to reduce the corrosion process. The effectiveness of steel girder washing was assessed by developing models of corrosion deterioration of composite steel girders and analyzing steel coupons at the laboratory under atmospheric corrosion for two alternatives: when high-pressure washing was performed and when washing was not considered. The effectiveness of spot painting was assessed by analyzing the corrosion on steel coupons, with small damages, unprotected and protected by spot painting. A parametric analysis of corroded steel girder bridges was considered. The emphasis was focused on the parametric analyses of corroded steel girder bridges under two alternatives: (a) when steel bridge girder washing is performed according to a particular frequency, and (b) when no bridge washing is performed to the girders. The reduction of structural capacity was observed for both alternatives along the structure service life, estimated at 100 years. An economic analysis, using the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis method, demonstrated that it is more cost-effective to perform steel girder washing as a scheduled maintenance activity in contrast to the no washing alternative.

Structures of dynamic particle accumulation in Marangoni convection in half-zone liquid bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, S.; Ueno, I.; Kawamura, H.

Thermocapillary convection is induced by the temperature difference T between two cylindrical rods sustaining liquid bridge. It is well known that the induced flow exhibits a transition from 2-D steady to 3-D time-dependent oscillatory flows with the increasing T. These convections can be visualized by using fine particles as tracers. In a certain flow condition, the particles were found to get accumulated. This is called PAS, particle accumulation structure, after Schwabe et al. (Microgravity, sci. technol. 1996). The authors group (Ueno et al, Proc. TSFP-2, 2001) categorized the induced flow fields into several regimes by the particle motion, structures and the surface temperature variation. Two sets of pulsating and rotating flows appeared. It was observed clearly that the particle gathered along a closed single path. This kind of structure was named as TL-PAS, Twisted-loop particle accumulation structure, (Tanaka et al, J. Japan Soc. Microgravity Appl, 2000). Special attention was paid for this kind of PAS in this study. The TL-PAS exhibited several types of closed path lines. Its detailed structure changed even in the same regime with a slight change of T and aspect ratio. The experimental setup consisted of the transparent crystal top and aluminum bottom rods. Flow fields were observed from top and side through two CCD cameras. A laser-light-sheet was employed in order to grasp the 3-D structures of TL-PAS. The liquid bridge of Silicone oil of 2 cSt was formed between rods of 5mm in diameter. Several kinds of particles were tested as tracer. The surface temperature variation was measured simultaneously by use of a 25μm thermocouple up to 50Hz, or 2.5μm CCT probe (constant current thermometry) up to 100Hz. By use of this apparatus, 3-D structure of TL-PAS and motions of individual particles were captured.

Bridge Workshop : Enhancing Bridge Performance, February 21-22, 2008, Reston, Virginia : workshop report

Treesearch

Sreenivas Alampalli; Sheila Rimal Duwadi; Reagan Sentelle Herman; Danielle D. Kleinhans; Khaled Mahmoud; James C. Ray; James P. Wacker; Nur Yazdani

2008-01-01

The participants to the workshop were given the charge to discuss (1) bridge design issues including best practices in design and detailing that could be used to improve durability, extend service life and prevent premature deterioration, (2) performance measures needed to better determine bridge condition, (3) technologies that could be used to monitor bridge life and...

Field performance of timber bridges. 15, Pueblo County, Colorado, stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

L. E. Hislop

The Pueblo County 204B bridge was constructed in March 1990 in Pueblo, Colorado, as a demonstration bridge under the USDA Forest Service Timber Bridge Initiative. The stress-laminated deck superstructure is approximately 10 m long, 9 m wide, and 406 mm deep, with a skew of 10 degrees. Performance monitoring was conducted for 3 years, beginning at...

Bridge pier foundation evaluation using cross-hole seismic tomographic imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butchibabu, B.; Sandeep, N.; Sivaram, Y. V.; Jha, P. C.; Khan, P. K.

2017-09-01

An ambitious project connecting Jammu and Srinagar through a railway link in tectonically active and geologically complex Himalayan Mountain terrain is under progress. Under this project, the world's highest (359 m) railway arch-bridge is under construction across the River Chenab in the northern territory of India. This mega engineering structure has a two-fold ribbed arch design, comprising of steel girders. During the excavation for one of the concrete pillars on the right abutment, wide open joints and weak/shear zones were noticed. The width of these joints varies from 30 to 50 cm, trending along N170° with a dip of 65°. The foundation area of this pillar is 13 m × 24 m and on the cut slopes of the right bank of Chenab River. These exposed joints and weak zones were treated with consolidation grouting to strengthen the foundation area. To delineate the extent of these joints and weak zones below the foundation level, seismic tomography was carried out in five boreholes drilled for this purpose to cover the 300 sq-m area. The results of cross-hole seismic tomography reveals the presence of three low velocity (≤ 2600 m/s) anomalous zones below the foundation area. This also ascertained the efficacy of grouting in consolidating the joints and weak zones. Later, rock-mass quality (Q) was determined based on the relationship between the P-wave velocity and the Q-value (Barton, 2002) to infer the support system for the slope stabilization below the foundation. 3-D visualization of the seismic velocity demarcates the extent of weak or untreated zones. This methodology facilitates to update the design parameters according to Q-values during the construction stage and estimate the required level of reinforcement and support system. Similar methodology can be applicable in other areas under same site conditions.

Seismic testing of precast segmental bridges, Phase III : bridge system test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-06-01

This report discusses the main findings of a test examining the seismic behavior of a precast, post-tensioned, segmental bridge : superstructure with a cast-in-place, hollow, rectangular column. The half-scale specimen modeled a prototype bridge from...

Bridge deck deicing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

Concrete bridge decks are prone to ice accumulation. The use of road salts and chemicals for deicing is cost effective but causes damage to concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks. This problem is a major concern to trans...

Removal of failed crown and bridge

PubMed Central

Rahul, G R.; Poduval, Soorya T.; Shetty, Karunakar

2012-01-01

Crown and bridge have life span of many years but they fail for a number of reasons. Over the years, many devices have been designed to remove crowns and bridges from abutment teeth. While the removal of temporary crowns and bridges is usually very straightforward, the removal of a definitive cast crown with unknown cement is more challenging. Removal is often by destructive means. There are a number of circumstances, however, in which conservative disassembly would aid the practitioner in completing restorative/endodontic procedures. There are different mechanisms available to remove a failed crown or bridge. But there is no information published about the classification of available systems for crown and bridge removal. So it is logical to classify these systems into different groups which can help a clinician in choosing a particular type of system depending upon the clinical situation. The aim of this article is to provide a classification for various crown and bridge removal systems; describe how a number of systems work; and when and why they might be used. A PubMed search of English literature was conducted up to January 2010 using the terms: Crown and bridge removal, Crown and bridge disassembly, Crown and bridge failure. Additionally, the bibliographies of 3 previous reviews, their cross references as well as articles published in various journals like International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics and were manually searched. Key words:Crown and bridge removal, Crown and bridge disassembly, Crown and bridge failure. PMID:24558549

76 FR 41693 - Safety Zone; Truman-Hobbs Alteration of the Elgin Joliet & Eastern Railroad Drawbridge; Illinois...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

... or e-mail BM1 Adam Kraft, U.S. Coast Guard Sector Lake Michigan, at 414-747-7148 or Adam[email protected] project of the Elgin Joliet & Eastern Railroad Drawbridge poses significant risks to public safety and... not raise any novel legal or policy issues. The safety zone around the bridge project will be...

49 CFR 237.109 - Bridge inspection records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bridge inspection records. 237.109 Section 237.109..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.109 Bridge inspection records... performed on those bridges under this part. (b) Each record of an inspection under the bridge management...

49 CFR 237.109 - Bridge inspection records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bridge inspection records. 237.109 Section 237.109..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.109 Bridge inspection records... performed on those bridges under this part. (b) Each record of an inspection under the bridge management...

Load rating of complex bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-07-01

The National Bridge Inspection Standards require highway departments to inspect, evaluate, and determine load ratings for : structures defined as bridges located on all public roads. Load rating of bridges is performed to determine the live load that...

Field performance of timber bridges. 8, Lynches Woods Park stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

J. P. Wacker; M. A. Ritter; D. Conger

The Lynches Woods Park bridge was constructed during the summer of 1990 in Newberry, South Carolina. It is a single-span, single-lane, stress-laminated deck superstructure that measures approximately 30 ft long, 16 ft wide, and 14 in. deep. The bridge is unique in that is one of the first known stress-laminated deck bridges to be constructed of Southern Pine lumber...

Salt-Bridge Energetics in Halophilic Proteins

PubMed Central

Nayek, Arnab; Sen Gupta, Parth Sarthi; Banerjee, Shyamashree; Mondal, Buddhadev; Bandyopadhyay, Amal K.

2014-01-01

Halophilic proteins have greater abundance of acidic over basic and very low bulky hydrophobic residues. Classical electrostatic stabilization was suggested as the key determinant for halophilic adaptation of protein. However, contribution of specific electrostatic interactions (i.e. salt-bridges) to overall stability of halophilic proteins is yet to be understood. To understand this, we use Adaptive-Poison-Boltzmann-Solver Methods along with our home-built automation to workout net as well as associated component energy terms such as desolvation energy, bridge energy and background energy for 275 salt-bridges from 20 extremely halophilic proteins. We then perform extensive statistical analysis on general and energetic attributes on these salt-bridges. On average, 8 salt-bridges per 150 residues protein were observed which is almost twice than earlier report. Overall contributions of salt-bridges are −3.0 kcal mol−1. Majority (78%) of salt-bridges in our dataset are stable and conserved in nature. Although, average contributions of component energy terms are equal, their individual details vary greatly from one another indicating their sensitivity to local micro-environment. Notably, 35% of salt-bridges in our database are buried and stable. Greater desolvation penalty of these buried salt-bridges are counteracted by stable network salt-bridges apart from favorable equal contributions of bridge and background terms. Recruitment of extensive network salt-bridges (46%) with a net contribution of −5.0 kcal mol−1 per salt-bridge, seems to be a halophilic design wherein favorable average contribution of background term (−10 kcal mol−1) exceeds than that of bridge term (−7 kcal mol−1). Interiors of proteins from halophiles are seen to possess relatively higher abundance of charge and polar side chains than that of mesophiles which seems to be satisfied by cooperative network salt-bridges. Overall, our theoretical analyses provide insight into halophilic

Salt-bridge energetics in halophilic proteins.

PubMed

Nayek, Arnab; Sen Gupta, Parth Sarthi; Banerjee, Shyamashree; Mondal, Buddhadev; Bandyopadhyay, Amal K

2014-01-01

Halophilic proteins have greater abundance of acidic over basic and very low bulky hydrophobic residues. Classical electrostatic stabilization was suggested as the key determinant for halophilic adaptation of protein. However, contribution of specific electrostatic interactions (i.e. salt-bridges) to overall stability of halophilic proteins is yet to be understood. To understand this, we use Adaptive-Poison-Boltzmann-Solver Methods along with our home-built automation to workout net as well as associated component energy terms such as desolvation energy, bridge energy and background energy for 275 salt-bridges from 20 extremely halophilic proteins. We then perform extensive statistical analysis on general and energetic attributes on these salt-bridges. On average, 8 salt-bridges per 150 residues protein were observed which is almost twice than earlier report. Overall contributions of salt-bridges are -3.0 kcal mol-1. Majority (78%) of salt-bridges in our dataset are stable and conserved in nature. Although, average contributions of component energy terms are equal, their individual details vary greatly from one another indicating their sensitivity to local micro-environment. Notably, 35% of salt-bridges in our database are buried and stable. Greater desolvation penalty of these buried salt-bridges are counteracted by stable network salt-bridges apart from favorable equal contributions of bridge and background terms. Recruitment of extensive network salt-bridges (46%) with a net contribution of -5.0 kcal mol-1 per salt-bridge, seems to be a halophilic design wherein favorable average contribution of background term (-10 kcal mol-1) exceeds than that of bridge term (-7 kcal mol-1). Interiors of proteins from halophiles are seen to possess relatively higher abundance of charge and polar side chains than that of mesophiles which seems to be satisfied by cooperative network salt-bridges. Overall, our theoretical analyses provide insight into halophilic signature in its

Biomechanical comparison of supraacetabular external fixation and anterior pelvic bridge plating.

PubMed

Çavuşoğlu, Ali Turgay; Erbay, Fatma Kübra; Özsoy, Mehmet Hakan; Demir, Teyfik

2017-10-01

Unstable pelvic ring injuries are complex and risky injuries due to high morbidity and mortality. Although anterior pelvic external fixator is a suitable method for rapid stabilization of an injured pelvic ring, due to some disadvantages such as high complication rate, nerve damage, and difficulties of patient's mobility and comfort, there has recently been increased searching for alternative methods for stabilization of the pelvic ring. Pubic symphysis zone freely moves in pelvic models. This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical stability of anterior pelvic bridge plating and compare it with supraacetabular external fixators in an untreated unstable pelvic fracture model. Samples were loaded statically with 2-mm/min loading rate in single leg standing position. Maximum load was 2.3 kN. When loading the samples, photographs were taken continuously. Stiffness values were calculated from the load displacement curves. Some reference parameters were described and were measured from unloaded and 2.3-kN-loaded photographs of the test. The mean stiffness values were 491.14 ± 52.22, 478.55 ± 41.44, and 470.25 ± 44.51 N/mm for anterior pelvic bridge plating group, supraacetabular external fixator group, and Control group, respectively. According to the measured parameters from photographs, the mean displacement at the pubic symphysis was 4.7 ± 0.32, 15.8 ± 2.01, and 18.2 ± 0.47 mm for anterior pelvic bridge plating, supraacetabular external fixator, and Control group, respectively. The highest displacement in the pubic symphysis was found in Control group, and minimum displacement was observed in anterior pelvic bridge plating group. When the perpendicular distance between the right and left lower end of ischium was examined, it was observed that displacement was minimum in anterior pelvic bridge plating group compared to other two groups, regarding to the high stability of pubic symphysis. In conclusion, this study revealed

76 FR 22064 - Safety Zone; Michigan Bankers Association Fireworks, Lake Huron, Mackinac Island, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-20

...-foot radius from the fireworks launch site, approximately 460 yards south of Biddle Point, at position... 460 yards south of Biddle Point, at position 45[deg]50'32.82'' N, 084[deg]37'03.18'' W: [DATUM: NAD 83...

Field performance of timber bridges. 12, Christian Hollow stress-laminated box-beam bridge

Treesearch

J. P. Wacker; S. C. Catherman; R. G. Winnett

In January 1992, the Christian Hollow bridge was constructed in Steuben County, New York. The bridge is a single-span, stress-laminated box-beam superstructure that is 9.1 m long, 9.8 m wide, and 502 mm deep (30 ft long, 32 ft wide, and 19-3/4 in. deep). The performance of the bridge was continuously monitored for 28 months, beginning shortly after installation....

Field performance of timber bridges. 14, Dean, Hibbsville, and Decatur stress-laminated deck bridges

Treesearch

P. D. Hilbrich Lee; M. A. Ritter; S. Golston; K. Hinds

1984-01-01

The Dean, Hibbsville, and Decatur bridges were constructed in southern Iowa during 1994. Each bridge is a simple-span, stress-laminated deck superstructure, approximately 7.3 m (24 ft) long, constructed from eastern cottonwood lumber. The performance of each bridge was monitored for approximately 2 years, beginning shortly after installation. Monitoring involved...

Precast concrete elements for accelerated bridge construction : laboratory testing, field testing, evaluation of a precast concrete bridge, Madison County bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

The importance of rapid construction technologies has been recognized by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Iowa : DOT Office of Bridges and Structures. Recognizing this a two-lane single-span precast box girder bridge was constructed ...

Application of fiber bridging models to fatigue crack growth in unidirectional titanium matrix composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bakuckas, J. G., Jr.; Johnson, W. S.

1992-01-01

Several fiber bridging models were reviewed and applied to study the matrix fatigue crack growth behavior in center notched (0)(sub 8) SCS-6/Ti-15-3 and (0)(sub 4) SCS-6/Ti-6Al-4V laminates. Observations revealed that fatigue damage consisted primarily of matrix cracks and fiber matrix interfacial failure in the (0)(sub 8) SCS-6/Ti-15-3 laminates. Fiber-matrix interface failure included fracture of the brittle reaction zone and cracking between the two carbon rich fiber coatings. Intact fibers in the wake of the matrix cracks reduce the stress intensity factor range. Thus, an applied stress intensity factor range is inappropriate to characterize matrix crack growth behavior. Fiber bridging models were used to determine the matrix stress intensity factor range in titanium metal matrix composites. In these models, the fibers in the wake of the crack are idealized as a closure pressure. An unknown constant frictional shear stress is assumed to act along the debond or slip length of the bridging fibers. The frictional shear stress was used as a curve fitting parameter to available data (crack growth data, crack opening displacement data, and debond length data). Large variations in the frictional shear stress required to fit the experimental data indicate that the fiber bridging models in their present form lack predictive capabilities. However, these models provide an efficient and relatively simple engineering method for conducting parametric studies of the matrix growth behavior based on constituent properties.

Two test level 4 bridge railing and transition systems for transverse timber deck bridges

Treesearch

Ronald K. Faller; Michael A. Ritter; Barry T. Rosson; Michael D. Fowler; Sheila R. Duwadi

2000-01-01

The Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, in cooperation with the Forest Products Laboratory, which is part of the U.S. Department of Agricultureas Forest Service, and FHWA, designed two bridge railing and approach guardrail transition systems for use on bridges with transverse glue-laminated timber decks. The bridge raging and transition systems were developed and crash...

Geotextile reinforced bridge approach embankment : Lake River Bridge : Malin Highway , Klamath County, Oregon : construction report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-03-01

The transition from the roadway to the deck of a rigidly supported bridge is of concern to engineers and the travelling public. It is a common occurrence to feel a discontinuity between the roadway and bridge structure. Bridge engineers have tried to...

49 CFR 237.103 - Bridge inspection procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bridge inspection procedures. 237.103 Section 237... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.103 Bridge inspection procedures. (a) Each bridge management program shall specify the procedure to be used for...

Temperature differential of swingspan bridges : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1969-06-01

This report describes a study performed to determine the temperature differential of the top and bottom member of one side of a swingspan bridge. Three bridges were used in the study. Bridge No. 1 was an equal-arm swingspan bridge, Bridge No. 2 was a...

49 CFR 237.103 - Bridge inspection procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bridge inspection procedures. 237.103 Section 237... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.103 Bridge inspection procedures. (a) Each bridge management program shall specify the procedure to be used for...

Building Better Bridges into STEM: A Synthesis of 25 Years of Literature on STEM Summer Bridge Programs.

PubMed

Ashley, Michael; Cooper, Katelyn M; Cala, Jacqueline M; Brownell, Sara E

2017-01-01

Summer bridge programs are designed to help transition students into the college learning environment. Increasingly, bridge programs are being developed in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines because of the rigorous content and lower student persistence in college STEM compared with other disciplines. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of STEM summer bridge programs does not exist. To provide a resource for bridge program developers, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on STEM summer bridge programs. We identified 46 published reports on 30 unique STEM bridge programs that have been published over the past 25 years. In this review, we report the goals of each bridge program and whether the program was successful in meeting these goals. We identify 14 distinct bridge program goals that can be organized into three categories: academic success goals, psychosocial goals, and department-level goals. Building on the findings of published bridge reports, we present a set of recommendations for STEM bridge programs in hopes of developing better bridges into college. © 2017 M. Ashley, K. M. Cooper, et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2017 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

23 CFR 650.307 - Bridge inspection organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Bridge inspection organization. 650.307 Section 650.307... BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS National Bridge Inspection Standards § 650.307 Bridge inspection... bridges located on public roads that are fully or partially located within the State's boundaries, except...

23 CFR 650.809 - Movable span bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Movable span bridges. 650.809 Section 650.809 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for Bridges § 650.809 Movable span bridges. A fixed bridge...

23 CFR 650.809 - Movable span bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Movable span bridges. 650.809 Section 650.809 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Navigational Clearances for Bridges § 650.809 Movable span bridges. A fixed bridge...

Hardening of particle/oil/water suspensions due to capillary bridges: Experimental yield stress and theoretical interpretation.

PubMed

Danov, Krassimir D; Georgiev, Mihail T; Kralchevsky, Peter A; Radulova, Gergana M; Gurkov, Theodor D; Stoyanov, Simeon D; Pelan, Eddie G

2018-01-01

Suspensions of colloid particles possess the remarkable property to solidify upon the addition of minimal amount of a second liquid that preferentially wets the particles. The hardening is due to the formation of capillary bridges (pendular rings), which connect the particles. Here, we review works on the mechanical properties of such suspensions and related works on the capillary-bridge force, and present new rheological data for the weakly studied concentration range 30-55 vol% particles. The mechanical strength of the solidified capillary suspensions, characterized by the yield stress Y, is measured at the elastic limit for various volume fractions of the particles and the preferentially wetting liquid. A quantitative theoretical model is developed, which relates Y with the maximum of the capillary-bridge force, projected on the shear plane. A semi-empirical expression for the mean number of capillary bridges per particle is proposed. The model agrees very well with the experimental data and gives a quantitative description of the yield stress, which increases with the rise of interfacial tension and with the volume fractions of particles and capillary bridges, but decreases with the rise of particle radius and contact angle. The quantitative description of capillary force is based on the exact theory and numerical calculation of the capillary bridge profile at various bridge volumes and contact angles. An analytical formula for Y is also derived. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental strain at the elastic limit reveals that the fluidization of the capillary suspension takes place only in a deformation zone of thickness up to several hundred particle diameters, which is adjacent to the rheometer's mobile plate. The reported experimental results refer to water-continuous suspension with hydrophobic particles and oily capillary bridges. The comparison of data for bridges from soybean oil and hexadecane surprisingly indicate that the yield strength is

Coupling vibration research on Vehicle-bridge system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Jiguo; Wang, Guihua

2018-01-01

The vehicle-bridge coupling system forms when vehicle running on a bridge. It will generate a relatively large influence on the driving comfort and driving safe when the vibration of the vehicle is bigger. A three-dimensional vehicle-bridge system with biaxial seven degrees of freedom has been establish in this paper based on finite numerical simulation. Adopting the finite element transient numerical simulation to realize the numerical simulation of vehicle-bridge system coupling vibration. Then, analyze the dynamic response of vehicle and bridge while different numbers of vehicles running on the bridge. Got the variation rule of vertical vibration of car body and bridge, and that of the contact force between the wheel and bridge deck. The research results have a reference value for the analysis about the vehicle running on a large-span cabled bridge.

A multiscale crack-bridging model of cellulose nanopaper

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Qinghua; Li, Bo; Li, Teng; Feng, Xi-Qiao

2017-06-01

The conflict between strength and toughness is a long-standing challenge in advanced materials design. Recently, a fundamental bottom-up material design strategy has been demonstrated using cellulose nanopaper to achieve significant simultaneous increase in both strength and toughness. Fertile opportunities of such a design strategy aside, mechanistic understanding is much needed to thoroughly explore its full potential. To this end, here we establish a multiscale crack-bridging model to reveal the toughening mechanisms in cellulose nanopaper. A cohesive law is developed to characterize the interfacial properties between cellulose nanofibrils by considering their hydrogen bonding nature. In the crack-bridging zone, the hydrogen bonds between neighboring cellulose nanofibrils may break and reform at the molecular scale, rendering a superior toughness at the macroscopic scale. It is found that cellulose nanofibrils exhibit a distinct size-dependence in enhancing the fracture toughness of cellulose nanopaper. An optimal range of the length-to-radius ratio of nanofibrils is required to achieve higher fracture toughness of cellulose nanopaper. A unified law is proposed to correlate the fracture toughness of cellulose nanopaper with its microstructure and material parameters. The results obtained from this model agree well with relevant experiments. This work not only helps decipher the fundamental mechanisms underlying the remarkable mechanical properties of cellulose nanopaper but also provides a guide to design a wide range of advanced functional materials.

Salt bridges: geometrically specific, designable interactions.

PubMed

Donald, Jason E; Kulp, Daniel W; DeGrado, William F

2011-03-01

Salt bridges occur frequently in proteins, providing conformational specificity and contributing to molecular recognition and catalysis. We present a comprehensive analysis of these interactions in protein structures by surveying a large database of protein structures. Salt bridges between Asp or Glu and His, Arg, or Lys display extremely well-defined geometric preferences. Several previously observed preferences are confirmed, and others that were previously unrecognized are discovered. Salt bridges are explored for their preferences for different separations in sequence and in space, geometric preferences within proteins and at protein-protein interfaces, co-operativity in networked salt bridges, inclusion within metal-binding sites, preference for acidic electrons, apparent conformational side chain entropy reduction on formation, and degree of burial. Salt bridges occur far more frequently between residues at close than distant sequence separations, but, at close distances, there remain strong preferences for salt bridges at specific separations. Specific types of complex salt bridges, involving three or more members, are also discovered. As we observe a strong relationship between the propensity to form a salt bridge and the placement of salt-bridging residues in protein sequences, we discuss the role that salt bridges might play in kinetically influencing protein folding and thermodynamically stabilizing the native conformation. We also develop a quantitative method to select appropriate crystal structure resolution and B-factor cutoffs. Detailed knowledge of these geometric and sequence dependences should aid de novo design and prediction algorithms. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Active-bridge oscillator

DOEpatents

Wessendorf, Kurt O.

2001-01-01

An active bridge oscillator is formed from a differential amplifier where positive feedback is a function of the impedance of one of the gain elements and a relatively low value common emitter resistance. This use of the nonlinear transistor parameter h stabilizes the output and eliminates the need for ALC circuits common to other bridge oscillators.

Bridging a cultural gap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leviatan, Talma

2008-09-01

There has been a broad wave of change in tertiary calculus courses in the past decade. However, the much-needed change in tertiary pre-calculus programmes—aimed at bridging the gap between high-school mathematics and tertiary mathematics—is happening at a far slower pace. Following a discussion on the nature of the gap and the objectives of a potential bridging programme, this paper aims at demonstrating that the gap can be bridged, by presenting an ongoing modular bridging programme especially designed for the diverse types of student populations in teachers training colleges. We also present here some innovative teaching and assessment methods that were judged essential for the success of these programmes—focusing mainly on the "Questionnaire Based Instruction Method". Finally we suggest directions of follow up and research.

Bridge inspector's manual for movable bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

Importance of Inspection-Movable bridges are built to the rigid specifications : of such groups as the American Association of State Highway and : Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the American Road Builders Association : (ARBA) and Underwriters Lab...

Movable bridge maintenance monitoring.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

Movable bridges have particular maintenance issues, which cost considerably more than those of fixed bridges, : mostly because of the complex interaction of the mechanical, electrical and structural components. In order to track : maintenance and ope...

Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge runoff on receiving streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wagner, Chad; Fitzgerald, Sharon; Lauffer, Matthew

2015-01-01

The presentation will provide an overview of a collaborative study between USGS, NC Department of Transportation and URS Corporation to characterize stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge runoff on receiving streams. This investigation measured bridge deck runoff from 15 bridges for 12-15 storms, stream water-quality data for baseflow and storm conditions at four of the bridge deck sites and streambed sediment chemistry upstream and downstream of 30 bridges across North Carolina. Background on why the study was conducted, objectives and scope and a general summary of the major results and conclusions will be presented.

Bridge element deterioration rates.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-10-01

This report describes the development of bridge element deterioration rates using the NYSDOT : bridge inspection database using Markov chains and Weibull-based approaches. It is observed : that Weibull-based approach is more reliable for developing b...

Bridge deck wearing surfaces.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

Several commercially available bridge deck overlay systems claim to be waterproof and reduce deterioration caused by chloride laden water from penetrating concrete bridge decks. An attempt was made to quantify the in-service waterproofing qualities o...

Bridge-Vehicle Impact Assessment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

Bridges in New York State have been experiencing close to 200 bridge hits a year. These : accidents are attributed to numerous factors including: improperly stored equipment on trucks; : violation of vehicle posting signs; illegal commercial vehicles...

Bridge vehicle impact assessment.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-01

Bridges in New York State have been experiencing close to 200 bridge hits a year. These : accidents are attributed to numerous factors including: improperly stored equipment on trucks; : violation of vehicle posting signs; illegal commercial vehicles...

Wireless Smart Sensor Network System Using SmartBridge Sensor Nodes for Structural Health Monitoring of Existing Concrete Bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaviña, J. R.; Uy, F. A.; Carreon, J. D.

2017-06-01

There are over 8000 bridges in the Philippines today according to the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Currently, visual inspection is the most common practice in monitoring the structural integrity of bridges. However, visual inspections have proven to be insufficient in determining the actual health or condition of a bridge. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) aims to give, in real-time, a diagnosis of the actual condition of the bridge. In this study, SmartBridge Sensor Nodes were installed on an existing concrete bridge with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Type IV Girders to gather vibration of the elements of the bridge. Also, standards on the effective installation of SmartBridge Sensor Nodes, such as location and orientation was determined. Acceleration readings from the sensor were then uploaded to a server, wherein they are monitored against certain thresholds, from which, the health of the bridge will be derived. Final output will be a portal or webpage wherein the information, health, and acceleration readings of the bridge will be available for viewing. With levels of access set for different types of users, the main users will have access to download data and reports. Data transmission and webpage access are available online, making the SHM system wireless.

Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, Japan

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-08-10

The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan has the longest central span of any suspension bridge in the world at 1991 m. The total length of the bridge is 3911 m. It links the city of Kobe on the mainland of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island, crossing the busy Akashi Strait. The image was acquired April 26, 2014, covers an area of 8.1 by 11.2 km, and is located at 34.6 degrees north, 135 degrees east. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19747

BUILDING A BETTER GLUTEAL BRIDGE: ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF HIP MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING MODIFIED SINGLE-LEG BRIDGES.

PubMed

Lehecka, B J; Edwards, Michael; Haverkamp, Ryan; Martin, Lani; Porter, Kambry; Thach, Kailey; Sack, Richard J; Hakansson, Nils A

2017-08-01

Gluteal strength plays a role in injury prevention, normal gait patterns, eliminating pain, and enhancing athletic performance. Research shows high gluteal muscle activity during a single-leg bridge compared to other gluteal strengthening exercises; however, prior studies have primarily measured muscle activity with the active lower extremity starting in 90 ° of knee flexion with an extended contralateral knee. This standard position has caused reports of hamstring cramping, which may impede optimal gluteal strengthening. The purpose of this study was to determine which modified position for the single-leg bridge is best for preferentially activating the gluteus maximus and medius. Cross-Sectional. Twenty-eight healthy males and females aged 18-30 years were tested in five different, randomized single-leg bridge positions. Electromyography (EMG) electrodes were placed on subjects' gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris of their bridge leg (i.e., dominant or kicking leg), as well as the rectus femoris of their contralateral leg. Subjects performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for each tested muscle prior to performing five different bridge positions in randomized order. All bridge EMG data were normalized to the corresponding muscle MVIC data. A modified bridge position with the knee of the bridge leg flexed to 135 ° versus the traditional 90 ° of knee flexion demonstrated preferential activation of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius compared to the traditional single-leg bridge. Hamstring activation significantly decreased (p < 0.05) when the dominant knee was flexed to 135 ° (23.49% MVIC) versus the traditional 90 ° (75.34% MVIC), while gluteal activation remained similarly high (51.01% and 57.81% MVIC in the traditional position, versus 47.35% and 57.23% MVIC in the modified position for the gluteus maximus and medius, respectively). Modifying the traditional single-leg bridge by flexing the

23 CFR 650.409 - Evaluation of bridge inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Evaluation of bridge inventory. 650.409 Section 650.409... BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.409 Evaluation of bridge inventory. (a) Sufficiency rating of bridges. Upon receipt and evaluation of the bridge...

23 CFR 650.409 - Evaluation of bridge inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Evaluation of bridge inventory. 650.409 Section 650.409... BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.409 Evaluation of bridge inventory. (a) Sufficiency rating of bridges. Upon receipt and evaluation of the bridge...

Developing deterioration models for Nebraska bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Nebraska Bridge Management System (NBMS) was developed in 1999 to assist in optimizing budget allocation for : the maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement needs of highway bridges. This requires the prediction of bridge : deterioration to calcula...

Movable bridge maintenance monitoring : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-01

Maintenance costs for movable bridges are considerably higher than for fixed bridges, mostly because of the complex interaction of mechanical, electrical, and structural components. Malfunction of any component can cause unexpected failure of bridge ...

LTBP bridge performance primer.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

"The performance of bridges is critical to the overall performance of the highway transportation system in the United States. However, many critical aspects of bridge performance are not well understood. The reasons for this include the extreme diver...

Newport Pell Bridge traffic and revenue study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-12

Jacobs Engineering conducted a traffic and toll revenue study for the Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge : (Newport Pell Bridge or Pell Bridge) upon the request of the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge : Authority (RITBA). This study is being c...

33 CFR 115.70 - Advance approval of bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Advance approval of bridges. 115... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.70 Advance approval of bridges. (a) The General Bridge Act of 1946 requires the approval of the location and plans of bridges prior...

33 CFR 115.70 - Advance approval of bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advance approval of bridges. 115... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.70 Advance approval of bridges. (a) The General Bridge Act of 1946 requires the approval of the location and plans of bridges prior...

Temporary bridge deck panels.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

The research described here has resulted in the development of a simplistic and innovative interlocking : glulam bridge deck panel for use in temporary bridge deck applications. The key feature of this panel : system is the interlocking tongue and gr...

Bridge Scour Technology Transfer

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-01-24

Scour and flooding are the leading causes of bridge failures in the United States and therefore should be monitored. New applications of tools and technologies are being developed, tested, and implemented to reduce bridge scour risk. The National Coo...

Identification of moving vehicle forces on bridge structures via moving average Tikhonov regularization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Chu-Dong; Yu, Ling; Liu, Huan-Lin

2017-08-01

Traffic-induced moving force identification (MFI) is a typical inverse problem in the field of bridge structural health monitoring. Lots of regularization-based methods have been proposed for MFI. However, the MFI accuracy obtained from the existing methods is low when the moving forces enter into and exit a bridge deck due to low sensitivity of structural responses to the forces at these zones. To overcome this shortcoming, a novel moving average Tikhonov regularization method is proposed for MFI by combining with the moving average concepts. Firstly, the bridge-vehicle interaction moving force is assumed as a discrete finite signal with stable average value (DFS-SAV). Secondly, the reasonable signal feature of DFS-SAV is quantified and introduced for improving the penalty function (∣∣x∣∣2 2) defined in the classical Tikhonov regularization. Then, a feasible two-step strategy is proposed for selecting regularization parameter and balance coefficient defined in the improved penalty function. Finally, both numerical simulations on a simply-supported beam and laboratory experiments on a hollow tube beam are performed for assessing the accuracy and the feasibility of the proposed method. The illustrated results show that the moving forces can be accurately identified with a strong robustness. Some related issues, such as selection of moving window length, effect of different penalty functions, and effect of different car speeds, are discussed as well.

Chesapeake City Bridge. Bridge Inspection Report Number 11B.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

recommendations for th 1979 inspection of the Chesapeake City Bridge (Route designation , U.S. Route 213) which crosses the Chesappake and Delaware Canal...Los Arg4 .PASN4 . Mrkee. g14neaoos. Nevr,,r DE . Now York Oemnfto, overland PWn KS. Fh ~M% S0.mo- Tamp, TW=. F wia AMot ho d Jl 4O T, - kv Col. James G...1979 inspection of the Chesapeake City Bridge (Route designation , U.S. Route 213) which crosses the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was undertaken for the

Development of a sustainable UHPC bridge deck for movable bridges : [research project capsule].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

Louisiana has approximately 160 movable bridges, mostly in the southern part of the state, which : places Louisiana among states with the highest inventory of movable bridges in the nation. These : transportation arteries are important for the econom...

An Experimental Investigation on the Static Equilibria and Dynamics of Liquid Bridges. Degree Awarded by the University of Alabama, 1997

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Resnick, Andrew Howard

1997-01-01

A liquid bridge is a volume of liquid held between two or more solid supports. In the case of small disk supports with a sharp edge, the contact line between the bridge and the support disk will be anchored along the edge of the disk. For these cases the solid presents a geometrical singularity and the contact angle is indeterminate within a given range. This dissertation presents research conducted on liquid bridges with anchored contact lines. The three major topics covered are: determining the role of support geometry on static equilibria, liquid bridge dynamical behavior, and forces exerted by a liquid bridge on a support structure. The work was primarily experimental and conducted in a "Plateau tank" that allowed for the simulation of equivalent low-gravity conditions. The main thrust of the experimental work involved the use of a high resolution optical measurement system for imaging the dynamic zone shape, measurement of the static and dynamic contact angles and non-invasive analysis of excited surface modes. The liquid bridge was manipulated by computer controlled linear actuators which allowed precise control over the physical characteristics of the bridge. Experiments have been carried out to locate a bifurcation point along the maximum volume axisymmetric stability margin. Below the critical slenderness the bifurcation from an axisymmetric to a stable nonaxisymmetric configuration is supercritical. However, above this critical slenderness, the bifurcation is subcritical. A series of experiments analyzed the effect on axisymmetric bridge stability by using support disks of different radii, The shape behavior as transition points were approached, as well as the limiting case of a vanishing support radius was investigated. Experiments were performed to determine the resonant frequencies of axisymmetric bridges subject to lateral vibrations. Anomolous results led to a series of experiments to characterize nonlinearities present in the dynamic bridge shape

49 CFR 236.766 - Locking, movable bridge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locking, movable bridge. 236.766 Section 236.766... Locking, movable bridge. The rail locks, bridge locks, bolt locks, circuit controllers, and electric locks used in providing interlocking protection at a movable bridge. ...

49 CFR 236.766 - Locking, movable bridge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, movable bridge. 236.766 Section 236.766... Locking, movable bridge. The rail locks, bridge locks, bolt locks, circuit controllers, and electric locks used in providing interlocking protection at a movable bridge. ...

Dynamic assessment of bridge deck performance considering realistic bridge-traffic interaction : research brief

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

This study is to develop simulation methodology to conduct the dynamic assessment of bridge deck performance subjected to traffic. Concrete bridge decks are exposed to daily traffic loads and may experience some surface cracking caused by excessive s...

Development of a precast bridge deck overhang system for the rock creek bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

Precast, prestressed panels are commonly used at interior beams for bridges in Texas. The use of these : panels provides ease of construction, sufficient capacity, and good economy for the construction of : bridges in Texas. Current practice for the ...

Evaluation of a highway bridge constructed using high strength lightweight concrete bridge girders.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-04-01

The purpose of this research was to characterize the performance of High Strength Lightweight Concrete (HSLW) in precast, prestressed bridge girders and to evaluate their performance in a highway bridge. The mechanical properties and long-term time-d...

Bridging: Locating Critical Connectors in a Network

PubMed Central

Valente, Thomas W.; Fujimoto, Kayo

2010-01-01

This paper proposes several measures for bridging in networks derived from Granovetter's (1973) insight that links which reduce distances in a network are important structural bridges. Bridging is calculated by systematically deleting links and calculating the resultant changes in network cohesion (measured as the inverse average path length). The average change for each node's links provides an individual level measure of bridging. We also present a normalized version which controls for network size and a network level bridging index. Bridging properties are demonstrated on hypothetical networks, empirical networks, and a set of 100 randomly generated networks to show how the bridging measure correlates with existing network measures such as degree, personal network density, constraint, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and vitality. Bridging and the accompanying methodology provide a family of new network measures useful for studying network structure, network dynamics, and network effects on substantive behavioral phenomenon. PMID:20582157

Field performance of timber bridges. 13, Mohawk Canal stress-laminated bridge

Treesearch

P. D. Hilbrich Lee; X. Lauderdale

The Mohawk Canal bridge was constructed in August 1994, just outside Roll, Arizona. It is a simple-span, double-lane, stress-laminated deck superstructure, approximately 6.4 m (21 ft) long and 10.4 m (34 ft) wide and constructed with Combination 16F-V3 Douglas Fir glued-laminated timber beam laminations. The performance of the bridge was monitored continuously for 2...

Development of inspection robots for bridge cables.

PubMed

Yun, Hae-Bum; Kim, Se-Hoon; Wu, Liuliu; Lee, Jong-Jae

2013-01-01

This paper presents the bridge cable inspection robot developed in Korea. Two types of the cable inspection robots were developed for cable-suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridge. The design of the robot system and performance of the NDT techniques associated with the cable inspection robot are discussed. A review on recent advances in emerging robot-based inspection technologies for bridge cables and current bridge cable inspection methods is also presented.

Spread prestressed concrete slab beam bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

TxDOT uses prestressed slab beam bridges for short-span bridges ranging from approximately 3050 ft in : length. These bridges have precast, pretensioned slab beams placed immediately adjacent to one another : with a cast-in-place slab made composi...

Lean Construction Applications for Bridge Inspection

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-10-01

Lean philosophy was used to analyze the efficiency of bridge inspection. Emphasis was put on identifying activities that add value to the final output, an owner approved bridge inspection report. 26 bridge inspections were shadowed. Time spent on bri...

77 FR 16784 - General Bridge Regulation; Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

...] RIN 1625-AB36 General Bridge Regulation; Amendment AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Proposed rule... bridge regulations. The rulemaking was initiated to clarify the statutory responsibilities of bridge owners to remove their bridges from navigable waterways when they are no longer being used for land...

Field evidence for control of quarrying by rock bridges in jointed bedrock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hooyer, T. S.; Cohen, D. O.; Iverson, N. R.

2011-12-01

Quarrying is generally thought to be the most important mechanism by which glaciers erode bedrock. In quarrying models it is assumed that slow, subcritical, growth of pre-existing cracks rate-limits the process and occurs where there are large stress differences in the bed, such as near rock bumps where ice separates from the bed to form water-filled cavities. Owing to the direction of principal stresses in rocks associated with sliding and resultant cavity formation, models predict that quarrying will occur along cracks oriented perpendicular to the ice flow direction or parallel to zones of ice-bed contact. Preglacial cracks in rocks will tend to propagate mainly downward, and in sedimentary or some metamorphic rocks will merge with bedding planes, thereby helping to isolate rock blocks for dislodgement. In contrast to these model assumptions, new measurements of quarried surface orientations in the deglaciated forefield of nine glaciers in Switzerland and Canada indicate a strong correlation between orientations of pre-existing joints and quarried bedrock surfaces, independent of ice flow direction or ice-water contact lines. The strong correlation persists across all rock types, and rocks devoid of major joints lack quarried surfaces. We propose a new conceptual model of quarrying that idealizes the bedrock as a series of blocks separated by discontinuous preglacial joints containing intact rock bridges. Bridges concentrate stress differences caused by normal and shear forces acting at the rock surface. Failure of bridges is caused by slow subcritical crack growth enhanced by water pressure fluctuations. To lend credibility to this new model, we show field evidence of failed rock bridges in quarried surfaces and of rib marks on plumose structures that we interpret as arrest fracture fronts due to transient subglacial water-pressure fluctuations.

Hydrodynamic forces on inundated bridge decks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-05-01

The hydrodynamic forces experienced by an inundated bridge deck have great importance in the design of bridges. Specifically, the drag force, lift force, and the moment acting on the bridge deck under various levels of inundation and a range of flow ...

Hydraulic forces on submerged bridge decks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-01

Bridge decks can be subjected to large horizontal forces when overtopping occurs. These forces may result in the displacement of bridge decks from the bents. This paper reports on the results of a laboratory study of horizontal forces on bridge decks...

Development of Inspection Robots for Bridge Cables

PubMed Central

Kim, Se-Hoon; Lee, Jong-Jae

2013-01-01

This paper presents the bridge cable inspection robot developed in Korea. Two types of the cable inspection robots were developed for cable-suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridge. The design of the robot system and performance of the NDT techniques associated with the cable inspection robot are discussed. A review on recent advances in emerging robot-based inspection technologies for bridge cables and current bridge cable inspection methods is also presented. PMID:24459453

49 CFR 237.55 - Railroad bridge supervisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Railroad bridge supervisors. 237.55 Section 237.55..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Qualifications and Designations of Responsible Persons § 237.55 Railroad bridge supervisors. A railroad bridge supervisor shall be a person, regardless of...

23 CFR 650.307 - Bridge inspection organization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... bridges located on public roads that are fully or partially located within the State's boundaries, except... inspected, all highway bridges located on public roads that are fully or partially located within the... preparation and maintenance of a bridge inventory. (2) Bridge inspections, reports, load ratings and other...

49 CFR 237.55 - Railroad bridge supervisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Railroad bridge supervisors. 237.55 Section 237.55..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Qualifications and Designations of Responsible Persons § 237.55 Railroad bridge supervisors. A railroad bridge supervisor shall be a person, regardless of...

The South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves

USGS Publications Warehouse

Benedict, Stephen T.; Feaster, Toby D.; Caldwell, Andral W.

2016-09-30

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a series of three field investigations to evaluate historical, riverine bridge scour in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of South Carolina. These investigations included data collected at 231 riverine bridges, which lead to the development of bridge-scour envelope curves for clear-water and live-bed components of scour. The application and limitations of the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves were documented in four reports, each report addressing selected components of bridge scour. The current investigation (2016) synthesizes the findings of these previous reports into a guidance manual providing an integrated procedure for applying the envelope curves. Additionally, the investigation provides limited verification for selected bridge-scour envelope curves by comparing them to field data collected outside of South Carolina from previously published sources. Although the bridge-scour envelope curves have limitations, they are useful supplementary tools for assessing the potential for scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.

Stabilization of electrically conducting capillary bridges using feedback control of radial electrostatic stresses and the shapes of extended bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marr-Lyon, Mark J.; Thiessen, David B.; Blonigen, Florian J.; Marston, Philip L.

2000-05-01

Electrically conducting, cylindrical liquid bridges in a density-matched, electrically insulating bath were stabilized beyond the Rayleigh-Plateau (RP) limit using electrostatic stresses applied by concentric ring electrodes. A circular liquid cylinder of length L and radius R in real or simulated zero gravity becomes unstable when the slenderness S=L/2R exceeds π. The initial instability involves the growth of the so-called (2, 0) mode of the bridge in which one side becomes thin and the other side rotund. A mode-sensing optical system detects the growth of the (2, 0) mode and an analog feedback system applies the appropriate voltages to a pair of concentric ring electrodes positioned near the ends of the bridge in order to counter the growth of the (2, 0) mode and prevent breakup of the bridge. The conducting bridge is formed between metal disks which are grounded. Three feedback algorithms were tested and each found capable of stabilizing a bridge well beyond the RP limit. All three algorithms stabilized bridges having S as great as 4.3 and the extended bridges broke immediately when feedback was terminated. One algorithm was suitable for stabilization approaching S=4.493… where the (3, 0) mode is predicted to become unstable for cylindrical bridges. For that algorithm the equilibrium shapes of bridges that were slightly under or over inflated corresponded to solutions of the Young-Laplace equation with negligible electrostatic stresses. The electrical conductivity of the bridge liquid need not be large. The conductivity was associated with salt added to the aqueous bridge liquid.

Dependence of residual displacements on the width and depth of compliant fault zones: a 3D study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, J.; Duan, B.

2011-12-01

Compliant fault zones have been detected along active faults by seismic investigations (trapped waves and travel time analysis) and InSAR observations. However, the width and depth extent of compliant fault zones are still under debate in the community. Numerical models of dynamic rupture build a bridge between theories and the geological and geophysical observations. Theoretical 2D plane-strain studies of elastic and inelastic response of compliant fault zones to nearby earthquake have been conducted by Duan [2010] and Duan et al [2010]. In this study, we further extend the experiments to 3D with a focus on elastic response. We are specifically interested in how residual displacements depend on the structure and properties of complaint fault zones, in particular on the width and depth extent. We conduct numerical experiments on various types of fault-zone models, including fault zones with a constant width along depth, with decreasing widths along depth, and with Hanning taper profiles of velocity reduction. . Our preliminary results suggest 1) the width of anomalous horizontal residual displacement is only indicative of the width of a fault zone near the surface, and 2) the vertical residual displacement contains information of the depth extent of compliant fault zones.

33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

49 CFR 237.53 - Railroad bridge inspectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Railroad bridge inspectors. 237.53 Section 237.53..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Qualifications and Designations of Responsible Persons § 237.53 Railroad bridge inspectors. A railroad bridge inspector shall be a person who is determined by...

33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

49 CFR 237.53 - Railroad bridge inspectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Railroad bridge inspectors. 237.53 Section 237.53..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Qualifications and Designations of Responsible Persons § 237.53 Railroad bridge inspectors. A railroad bridge inspector shall be a person who is determined by...

33 CFR 115.50 - Application for bridge permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Application for bridge permits... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.50 Application for bridge permits. (a) Application. An application for authorization to construct a bridge across navigable waters of...

49 CFR 237.101 - Scheduling of bridge inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scheduling of bridge inspections. 237.101 Section... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.101 Scheduling of bridge inspections. (a) Each bridge management program shall include a provision for scheduling an...

49 CFR 237.101 - Scheduling of bridge inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scheduling of bridge inspections. 237.101 Section... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.101 Scheduling of bridge inspections. (a) Each bridge management program shall include a provision for scheduling an...

Bridge scour monitoring technologies : development of evaluation and selection protocols for application on river bridges in Minnesota.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

Bridge failure or loss of structural integrity can result from scour of riverbed sediment near bridge abutments or : piers during high-flow events in rivers. In the past 20 years, several methods of monitoring bridge scour have been : developed spann...

Simplified bridge load rating methodology using the national bridge inventory file : user manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-08-01

The purpose of this research was to develop a computerized system to determine the adequacy of a bridge or group of bridges to carry specified overload vehicles. The system utilizes two levels of analysis. The Level 1 analysis is the basic rating sys...

Simplified bridge load rating methodology using the national bridge inventory file : program listing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-08-01

The purpose of this research was to develop a computerized system to determine the adequacy of a bridge or group of bridges to carry specified overload vehicles. The system utilizes two levels of analysis. The Level 1 analysis is the basic rating sys...

Bridge deficiency metric refinement : longer-term planning for state and locally-owned bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-06-01

The focus of this study was to devise a prioritization scheme for locally-owned bridges and to extend the planning time horizon for state-owned bridges. The inherent nature of the local and county structures prevents a direct application of the formu...

49 CFR 236.713 - Bridge, movable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bridge, movable. 236.713 Section 236.713 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Bridge, movable. That section of a structure bridging a navigable waterway so designed that it may be...

49 CFR 236.713 - Bridge, movable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bridge, movable. 236.713 Section 236.713 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Bridge, movable. That section of a structure bridging a navigable waterway so designed that it may be...

Structural Health Monitoring of Railway Transition Zones Using Satellite Radar Data.

PubMed

Wang, Haoyu; Chang, Ling; Markine, Valeri

2018-01-31

Transition zones in railway tracks are locations with considerable changes in the rail-supporting structure. Typically, they are located near engineering structures, such as bridges, culverts and tunnels. In such locations, severe differential settlements often occur due to the different material properties and structure behavior. Without timely maintenance, the differential settlement may lead to the damage of track components and loss of passenger's comfort. To ensure the safety of railway operations and reduce the maintenance costs, it is necessary to consecutively monitor the structural health condition of the transition zones in an economical manner and detect the changes at an early stage. However, using the current in situ monitoring of transition zones is hard to achieve this goal, because most in situ techniques (e.g., track-measuring coaches) are labor-consuming and usually not frequently performed (approximately twice a year in the Netherlands). To tackle the limitations of the in situ techniques, a Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) system is presented in this paper, which provides a potential solution for a consecutive structural health monitoring of transition zones with bi-/tri-weekly data update and mm-level precision. To demonstrate the feasibility of the InSAR system for monitoring transition zones, a transition zone is tested. The results show that the differential settlement in the transition zone and the settlement rate can be observed and detected by the InSAR measurements. Moreover, the InSAR results are cross-validated against measurements obtained using a measuring coach and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) device. The results of the three measuring techniques show a good correlation, which proves the applicability of InSAR for the structural health monitoring of transition zones in railway track.

Structural Health Monitoring of Railway Transition Zones Using Satellite Radar Data

PubMed Central

Chang, Ling; Markine, Valeri

2018-01-01

Transition zones in railway tracks are locations with considerable changes in the rail-supporting structure. Typically, they are located near engineering structures, such as bridges, culverts and tunnels. In such locations, severe differential settlements often occur due to the different material properties and structure behavior. Without timely maintenance, the differential settlement may lead to the damage of track components and loss of passenger’s comfort. To ensure the safety of railway operations and reduce the maintenance costs, it is necessary to consecutively monitor the structural health condition of the transition zones in an economical manner and detect the changes at an early stage. However, using the current in situ monitoring of transition zones is hard to achieve this goal, because most in situ techniques (e.g., track-measuring coaches) are labor-consuming and usually not frequently performed (approximately twice a year in the Netherlands). To tackle the limitations of the in situ techniques, a Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) system is presented in this paper, which provides a potential solution for a consecutive structural health monitoring of transition zones with bi-/tri-weekly data update and mm-level precision. To demonstrate the feasibility of the InSAR system for monitoring transition zones, a transition zone is tested. The results show that the differential settlement in the transition zone and the settlement rate can be observed and detected by the InSAR measurements. Moreover, the InSAR results are cross-validated against measurements obtained using a measuring coach and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) device. The results of the three measuring techniques show a good correlation, which proves the applicability of InSAR for the structural health monitoring of transition zones in railway track. PMID:29385070

33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

49 CFR 237.107 - Conduct of bridge inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conduct of bridge inspections. 237.107 Section 237... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.107 Conduct of bridge inspections. Bridge inspections shall be conducted under the direct supervision of a designated...

33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

49 CFR 237.107 - Conduct of bridge inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conduct of bridge inspections. 237.107 Section 237... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.107 Conduct of bridge inspections. Bridge inspections shall be conducted under the direct supervision of a designated...

33 CFR 115.50 - Application for bridge permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Application for bridge permits... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.50 Application for bridge permits. (a) Approval of plans. An application for authorization to construct a bridge across navigable waters...

Bridge deck fogging system : evaluation of field implementation of a fogging system used during bridge deck construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

The objective of this research was to implement and evaluate a fogging system used to provide initial cure for a concrete bridge deck construction project. To accomplish this, Bridges 5500 and 5701 along NM26 were selected. Bridge 5500 was placed usi...

Reliability Modeling of Double Beam Bridge Crane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Zhu; Tong, Yifei; Luan, Jiahui; Xiangdong, Li

2018-05-01

This paper briefly described the structure of double beam bridge crane and the basic parameters of double beam bridge crane are defined. According to the structure and system division of double beam bridge crane, the reliability architecture of double beam bridge crane system is proposed, and the reliability mathematical model is constructed.

LIGHT BRIDGE IN A DEVELOPING ACTIVE REGION. I. OBSERVATION OF LIGHT BRIDGE AND ITS DYNAMIC ACTIVITY PHENOMENA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Toriumi, Shin; Katsukawa, Yukio; Cheung, Mark C. M., E-mail: shin.toriumi@nao.ac.jp

Light bridges, the bright structures that divide the umbra of sunspots and pores into smaller pieces, are known to produce a wide variety of activity events in solar active regions (ARs). It is also known that the light bridges appear in the assembling process of nascent sunspots. The ultimate goal of this series of papers is to reveal the nature of light bridges in developing ARs and the occurrence of activity events associated with the light bridge structures from both observational and numerical approaches. In this first paper, exploiting the observational data obtained by Hinode, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, andmore » the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we investigate the detailed structure of the light bridge in NOAA AR 11974 and its dynamic activity phenomena. As a result, we find that the light bridge has a weak, horizontal magnetic field, which is transported from the interior by a large-scale convective upflow and is surrounded by strong, vertical fields of adjacent pores. In the chromosphere above the bridge, a transient brightening occurs repeatedly and intermittently, followed by a recurrent dark surge ejection into higher altitudes. Our analysis indicates that the brightening is the plasma heating due to magnetic reconnection at lower altitudes, while the dark surge is the cool, dense plasma ejected from the reconnection region. From the observational results, we conclude that the dynamic activity observed in a light bridge structure such as chromospheric brightenings and dark surge ejections are driven by magnetoconvective evolution within the light bridge and its interaction with the surrounding magnetic fields.« less

Analysis of the frequency and severity of rear-end crashes in work zones.

PubMed

Qi, Yi; Srinivasan, Raghavan; Teng, Hualiang; Baker, Robert

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence the frequency and severity of rear-end crashes in work zones because rear-end crashes represent a significant proportion of crashes that occur in work zones. Truncated count data models were developed to identify influencing factors on the frequency of read-end crashes in work zones and ordered probit models were developed to evaluate influencing factors on the severity of rear-end crashes in work zones. Most of the variables identified in this study for these 2 models were significant at the 95 percent level. The statistics for models indicate that the 2 developed models are appropriate compared to alternative models. Major findings related to the frequency of rear-end crashes include the following: (1) work zones for capacity and pavement improvements have the highest frequency compared to other types of work zones; (2) work zones controlled by flaggers are associated with more rear-end crashes compared to those controlled by arrow boards; and (3) work zones with alternating one-way traffic tended to have more rear-end crashes compared to those with lane shifts. Major findings related to the severity of the rear-end crashes include the following: (1) rear-end crashes associated with alcohol, night, pedestrians, and roadway defects are more severe, and those associated with careless backing, stalled vehicles, slippery roadways, and misunderstanding flagging signals are less severe; (2) truck involvement and a large number of vehicles in a crash are both associated with increased severity, and (3) rear-end crashes that happened in work zones for bridge, capacity, and pavement are likely to be more severe than others.

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65 Section 118.65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70 Section 118.70 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each...

A Citizen's Manual: Bridging the Information Gap. A Summary of One Pilot Study of Transferring Environmental Information Between the Citizen and the Specialist.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maher, Patricia A.; Pemberton, Dixie A.

This booklet describes a way to bridge the information gap between the scientist and the non-specialist by outlining a system or network of resources, the people, places, and publications, found for one environmental study. Based on a Title I project to provide educational assistance to local planning boards in the coastal zone areas of Maryland,…

Bridges and Equipment

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-15

in.) Tire pressure +7 kPa (+1 psig) Ambient or chamber temperature +2 °C (+3.6 °F) Relative humidity (RH) +1% reading Wind speed +1 kt Distance... eccentric ), and number of bridge crossings. (4) Vehicle stopping data including speed, position, and direction on the bridge. (5) Ambient...fashion for initial trials, and then loads should be applied eccentrically . The load configuration as it was applied to the raft will be documented

A data management infrastructure for bridge monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Seongwoon; Byun, Jaewook; Kim, Daeyoung; Sohn, Hoon; Bae, In Hwan; Law, Kincho H.

2015-04-01

This paper discusses a data management infrastructure framework for bridge monitoring applications. As sensor technologies mature and become economically affordable, their deployment for bridge monitoring will continue to grow. Data management becomes a critical issue not only for storing the sensor data but also for integrating with the bridge model to support other functions, such as management, maintenance and inspection. The focus of this study is on the effective data management of bridge information and sensor data, which is crucial to structural health monitoring and life cycle management of bridge structures. We review the state-of-the-art of bridge information modeling and sensor data management, and propose a data management framework for bridge monitoring based on NoSQL database technologies that have been shown useful in handling high volume, time-series data and to flexibly deal with unstructured data schema. Specifically, Apache Cassandra and Mongo DB are deployed for the prototype implementation of the framework. This paper describes the database design for an XML-based Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) schema, and the representation of sensor data using Sensor Model Language (SensorML). The proposed prototype data management framework is validated using data collected from the Yeongjong Bridge in Incheon, Korea.

Standard practice for washing and cleaning concrete bridge decks and substructure bridge seats including bridge bearings and expansion joints to prevent structural deterioration.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

This study is a supplement to a previous study of bridge washing practices that focused on steel : superstructures. This study examined the perceived costs and benefits of routine washing of both : steel and concrete bridges, with emphasis on substru...

Virtual Bridge Design Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitts, Charles R.

2013-01-01

This design/problem-solving activity challenges students to design a replacement bridge for one that has been designated as either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. The Aycock MS Technology/STEM Magnet Program Virtual Bridge Design Challenge is an authentic introduction to the engineering design process. It is a socially relevant…

Strengthening bridges using composite materials.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-01

The objective of this research project is to outline methodologies for using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen and rehabilitate reinforced concrete bridge elements. : Infrastructure deterioration and bridge strengthening techniq...

49 CFR 237.111 - Review of bridge inspection reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Review of bridge inspection reports. 237.111... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.111 Review of bridge inspection reports. Bridge inspection reports shall be reviewed by railroad bridge supervisors and railroad...

49 CFR 237.111 - Review of bridge inspection reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Review of bridge inspection reports. 237.111... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.111 Review of bridge inspection reports. Bridge inspection reports shall be reviewed by railroad bridge supervisors and railroad...

Preservation treatment for wood bridge application

Treesearch

Jake Bigelow; Stan Lebow; Carol A. Clausen; Lowell Greimann; Terry J. Wipf

2009-01-01

Timber can often be a cost-effective construction material for new bridges. The durability of the bridge greatly depends on proper attention to construction details and fabrication, as well as proper preservative treatment before, during, and after construction. Material repair and replacement costs for bridges are a considerable expense for highway agencies. To...

Remediation: Higher Education's Bridge to Nowhere

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Complete College America, 2012

2012-01-01

The intentions were noble. It was hoped that remediation programs would be an academic bridge from poor high school preparation to college readiness. Sadly, remediation has become instead higher education's "Bridge to Nowhere." This broken remedial bridge is travelled by some 1.7 million beginning students each year, most of whom will…

Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge deck runoff on receiving streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wagner, Chad R.; Fitzgerald, Sharon A.; Sherrell, Roy D.; Harned, Douglas A.; Staub, Erik L.; Pointer, Brian H.; Wehmeyer, Loren L.

2011-01-01

In 2008, the North Carolina General Assembly passed House Bill 2436 that required the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to study the water-quality effects of bridges on receiving streams. In response, the NCDOT and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborated on a study to provide information necessary to address the requirements of the Bill. To better understand the effects of stormwater runoff from bridges on receiving streams, the following tasks were performed: (1) characterize stormwater runoff quality and quantity from a representative selection of bridges in North Carolina; (2) measure stream water quality upstream from selected bridges to compare bridge deck stormwater concentrations and loads to stream constituent concentrations and loads; and (3) determine if the chemistry of bed sediments upstream and downstream from selected bridges differs substantially based on presence or absence of a best management practice for bridge runoff.

Estimation of potential bridge scour at bridges on state routes in South Dakota, 2003-07

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thompson, Ryan F.; Fosness, Ryan L.

2008-01-01

Flowing water can erode (scour) soils and cause structural failure of a bridge by exposing or undermining bridge foundations (abutments and piers). A rapid scour-estimation technique, known as the level-1.5 method and developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, was used to evaluate potential scour at bridges in South Dakota in a study conducted in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Transportation. This method was used during 2003-07 to estimate scour for the 100-year and 500-year floods at 734 selected bridges managed by the South Dakota Department of Transportation on State routes in South Dakota. Scour depths and other parameters estimated from the level-1.5 analyses are presented in tabular form. Estimates of potential contraction scour at the 734 bridges ranged from 0 to 33.9 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 35.8 feet for the 500-year flood. Abutment scour ranged from 0 to 36.9 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 45.9 feet for the 500-year flood. Pier scour ranged from 0 to 30.8 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 30.7 feet for the 500-year flood. The scour depths estimated by using the level-1.5 method can be used by the South Dakota Department of Transportation and others to identify bridges that may be susceptible to scour. Scour at 19 selected bridges also was estimated by using the level-2 method. Estimates of contraction, abutment, and pier scour calculated by using the level-1.5 and level-2 methods are presented in tabular and graphical formats. Compared to level-2 scour estimates, the level-1.5 method generally overestimated scour as designed, or in a few cases slightly underestimated scour. Results of the level-2 analyses were used to develop regression equations for change in head and average velocity through the bridge opening. These regression equations derived from South Dakota data are compared to similar regression equations derived from Montana and Colorado data. Future level-1.5 scour investigations in South

Investigation of Aerodynamic Interference between Twin Deck Bridges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sitek, M. A.; Bojanowski, C.; Lottes, S. A.

2016-05-01

Construction of a twin bridge can be a cost effective and minimally disruptive way to increase capacity when an existing bridge is not near the end of its service life. With ever growing vehicular traffic, when demand approaches the capacity of many existing roads and bridges. Remodeling a structure with an insufficient number of lanes can be a good solution in case of smaller and less busy bridges. Closing down or reducing traffic on crossings of greater importance for the construction period, however, can result in major delays and revenue loss for commerce and transportation as well as increasing themore » traffic load on alternate route bridges. Multiple-deck bridges may be the answer to this issue. A parallel deck can be built next to the existing one, without reducing the flow. Additionally, a new bridge can be designed as a twin or multi-deck structure. Several such structures have been built throughout the United States, among them: - The New NY Bridge Project - the Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing, - SR-182 Columbia River Bridge, - The Thaddeus Kosciusko Bridge (I-87), - The Allegheny River Bridge, Pennsylvania, which carries I76, - Fred Hartman Bridge, TX, see Figure 1.2. With a growing number of double deck bridges, additional, more detailed, studies on the interaction of such bridge pairs in windy conditions appears appropriate. Aerodynamic interference effects should be examined to assure the aerodynamic stability of both bridges. There are many studies on aerodynamic response of single deck bridges, but the literature on double-deck structures is not extensive. The experimental results from wind tunnels are still limited in number, as a parametric study is required, they can be very time consuming. Literature review shows that some investigation of the effects of gap-width and angle of wind incidence has been done. Most of the CFD computational studies that have been done were limited to 2D simulations. Therefore, it is desirable to investigate twin

Penile skin bridges: causes and prevention.

PubMed

Kamal, Baher A

2009-01-01

The pathogenesis and methods of prevention of penile skin bridges are discussed, with a review of the literature. This was a retrospective study on 57 adult men who presented with penile skin bridges at King Fahd University Hospital, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, over a period of approximately 22 years. All patients gave a history of circumcision during the first month after birth. The bridges were surgically excised. The skin bridges were single (23 patients) or multiple (34 patients). Their edges were attached to the distal penile shaft proximally and the glans distally. Their width varied from 1 mm to 3 cm. They were all successfully excised under local or general anesthesia. Penile skin bridges are a rare complication of neonatal circumcision. They are caused by skin adhesions that occur during childhood. With aging, the adhesions separate partially at the corona to form bridges. Careful suturing and good dressing at the time of circumcision are simple procedures that can prevent adherence of the distal prepetual skin flap to the glans penis.

Structural health monitoring of Lindquist bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sargent, D. D.; Murison, E. R.; Bakht, B.; Mufti, A. A.

2007-04-01

Many forestry bridges in Canada are typically single-lane, single span structures with two steel plate girders and a deck comprising of precast reinforced concrete panels. The concept of arching in deck slabs was utilized in the steel-free precast panels used in the Lindquist Bridge in British Columbia, Canada. The panels were completely devoid of tensile reinforcement and transverse confinement to the panels was provided by external steel straps. After the bridge was constructed in 1998, electrical strain gauges were installed on the girders and straps. Static and dynamic load tests were performed. The cracks on the top and bottom of the deck were mapped in 1999 and 2003. In 2006, a load test and crack mapping were performed on the bridge. The strain readings in the straps were compared with the data obtained 8 years prior. After analysis of the strain gauge readings, conclusions were drawn on the performance of the bridge. The cracks were formed to accommodate arching action and it was concluded that the bridge is still performing as it was designed.

Evaluation of the service performance of bridge components.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-08-01

This study was initiated to provide review of common bridges to determine the performance of their components. Seven bridge types were selected that constituted 85 % of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) bridge inventory. 319 bridges were ins...

Bridge inspection / washing program : bridge drainage program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-02-01

The Rhode Island Department of Transportation, Operations Division is responsible for operation and maintenance of roads and bridges, and construction of highway and multi-modal projects to improve the transportation system of our state. One of the m...

The Importance of Bridging

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zamboni, Camilla

2014-01-01

In this article, I will discuss the importance of the fundamental aspect of "bridging" in the wider context of language teaching. I will use "bridging" particularly in terms of cultural differences and underline the pivotal role of specific techniques, in a language class as well as in a pedagogy class or seminar, to help…

Vehicle - Bridge interaction, comparison of two computing models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melcer, Jozef; Kuchárová, Daniela

2017-07-01

The paper presents the calculation of the bridge response on the effect of moving vehicle moves along the bridge with various velocities. The multi-body plane computing model of vehicle is adopted. The bridge computing models are created in two variants. One computing model represents the bridge as the Bernoulli-Euler beam with continuously distributed mass and the second one represents the bridge as the lumped mass model with 1 degrees of freedom. The mid-span bridge dynamic deflections are calculated for both computing models. The results are mutually compared and quantitative evaluated.

Phase and widening construction of steel bridges : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

Maintaining traffic flow for bridge widening and replacement projects often requires bridges to be constructed in phases so that traffic can travel on one : portion of the bridge while another portion is being : constructed. The bridge portions are t...

Seismic response of precast segmental bridge superstructures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-12-01

Precast segmental construction of bridges can accelerate construction and minimize the cost of bridges in highly congested urban environments and environmentally sensitive regions. Despite their proven benefits, the use of precast segmental bridges i...

Uncontrolled concrete bridge parapet cracking.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

The Ohio Department of Transportation has recently identified the problem of wide-spread premature cracking of concrete bridge : parapets throughout its District 12 region (Northeast Ohio). Many of the bridge decks that contain these prematurely crac...

Virginia Bridge Information Systems Laboratory.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

This report presents the results of applied data mining of legacy bridge databases, focusing on the Pontis and : National Bridge Inventory databases maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). Data : analysis was performed using a...

Integrated 3D bridge-condition visualization (BCV) to facilitate element-based bridge condition rating (EBCR).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

Routine inspection and maintenance records are essential for bridges to function well throughout their intended lifespan. : Although existing bridge management systems are efficient at data storage, it is difficult to conduct comprehensive data : ana...

Key Royale bridge five year evaluation : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) : maintains more than 6,500 bridges. Considering : the expense of repair and replacement of bridges, : extending their durability and service life is : important. Of special concern for bridges in : mar...

Precast alternative for flat slab bridges : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-10-26

The cast-in-place (CIP) concrete slab bridge and the hollow core flat slab bridge are two very common bridge types utilized by the : South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). The CIP bridge is durable but has a long construction time while...

Controlled impact demonstration airframe bending bridges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soltis, S. J.

1986-01-01

The calibration of the KRASH and DYCAST models for transport aircraft is discussed. The FAA uses computer analysis techniques to predict the response of controlled impact demonstration (CID) during impact. The moment bridges can provide a direct correlation between the predictive loads or moments that the models will predict and what was experienced during the actual impact. Another goal is to examine structural failure mechanisms and correlate with analytical predictions. The bending bridges did achieve their goals and objectives. The data traces do provide some insight with respect to airframe loads and structural response. They demonstrate quite clearly what's happening to the airframe. A direct quantification of metal airframe loads was measured by the moment bridges. The measured moments can be correlated with the KRASH and DYCAST computer models. The bending bridge data support airframe failure mechanisms analysis and provide residual airframe strength estimation. It did not appear as if any of the bending bridges on the airframe exceeded limit loads. (The observed airframe fracture was due to the fuselage encounter with the tomahawk which tore out the keel beam.) The airframe bridges can be used to estimate the impact conditions and those estimates are correlating with some of the other data measurements. Structural response, frequency and structural damping are readily measured by the moment bridges.

FHWA LTBP Bridge Performance Primer

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

This TechBrief defines bridge performance and discusses the importance of measuring performance and current practices for doing so. It identifies key issues to improving performance measures and the role the Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Progra...

Colorado statewide historic bridge inventory.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

The purpose of the Colorado statewide historic bridge inventory was to document and evaluate the National : Register of Historic Places eligibility all on-system highway bridges and grade separation structures built in : Colorado between 1959 and 196...

Bridge Frost Prediction by Heat and Mass Transfer Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greenfield, Tina M.; Takle, Eugene S.

2006-03-01

Frost on roadways and bridges can present hazardous conditions to motorists, particularly when it occurs in patches or on bridges when adjacent roadways are clear of frost. To minimize materials costs, vehicle corrosion, and negative environmental impacts, frost-suppression chemicals should be applied only when, where, and in the appropriate amounts needed to maintain roadways in a safe condition for motorists. Accurate forecasts of frost onset times, frost intensity, and frost disappearance (e.g., melting or sublimation) are needed to help roadway maintenance personnel decide when, where, and how much frost-suppression chemical to use. A finite-difference algorithm (BridgeT) has been developed that simulates vertical heat transfer in a bridge based on evolving meteorological conditions at its top and bottom as supplied by a weather forecast model. BridgeT simulates bridge temperatures at numerous points within the bridge (including its upper and lower surface) at each time step of the weather forecast model and calculates volume per unit area (i.e., depth) of deposited, melted, or sublimed frost. This model produces forecasts of bridge surface temperature, frost depth, and bridge condition (i.e., dry, wet, icy/snowy). Bridge frost predictions and bridge surface temperature are compared with observed and measured values to assess BridgeT's skill in forecasting bridge frost and associated conditions.

Design of piles for integral abutment bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-08-01

More and more, integral abutment bridges are being used in place : of the more traditional bridge designs with expansion releases. In : this study, states which use integral abutment bridges were surveyed : to determine their current practice in the ...

GRS bridge piers and abutments.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

This report presents the following three recent projects on load testing of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments and piers: a full-scale bridge pier load test conducted by the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, Federal Highway Ad...

Hydraulic and geomorphic monitoring of experimental bridge scour mitigation at selected bridges in Utah, 2003-05

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kenney, Terry A.; McKinney, Tim S.

2006-01-01

Unique bridge scour mitigation designs using concrete A-Jacks were developed by the Utah Department of Transportation and installed at the Colorado River Bridge at State Road 191 and the Green River Bridge at State Road 19. The U.S. Geological Survey monitored stream reaches at these sites by collecting streambed-topography and water-velocity data from 2003 through 2005. These data were acquired annually from a moving boat with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and a differential global positioning system. Raw unordered data were processed and readied for interpolation into organized datasets with DopplerMacros, a set of computer programs. Processed streambed topography data were geostatistically interpolated by using Ordinary Kriging, and inverse distance weighting interpolation was used in the development of the two-dimensional velocity datasets. These organized datasets of topography and velocity were developed for each survey of the two bridge sites. A comparison of the riverbed topography data for each survey was done. An increase in bed elevation related to the installation of the A-Jacks scour countermeasures is evident at the Colorado River Bridge at State Road 191. The three topographic datasets acquired after the installation at the Green River Bridge at State Road 19 show few changes.

75 FR 71543 - Safety Zone; Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Mile Marker 49.0 to 50.0, west of Harvey Locks, Bank to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-24

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Mile Marker 49.0 to 50.0, west of Harvey Locks, Bank to Bank, Bayou Blue Pontoon Bridge, Lafourche Parish, LA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary Final... Waterway extending from Mile Marker 49.0 to Mile Marker 50.0, bank to bank, West of Harvey Locks, Lafourche...

Hydraulic analysis of the Schoharie Creek bridge

USGS Publications Warehouse

Froehlich, David C.; Trent, Roy E.

1989-01-01

Ten people died on April 5, 1987 as a result of the collapse of two spans of a New York State Thruway bridge into the floodwaters of Schoharie Creek. The cause of the bridge failure was determined to be scour of bed material from under the foundations of piers supporting the bridge. To evaluate the hydraulic conditions that produced the scour, a two-dimensional finite element surface-water flow model was constructed. The model was used to obtain a detailed description of water-surface elevations and depth-averaged velocities within a reach that extends from about 4000 ft downstream of the bridge to about 6000 ft upstream of the bridge.

Performance analysis of LAN bridges and routers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hajare, Ankur R.

1991-01-01

Bridges and routers are used to interconnect Local Area Networks (LANs). The performance of these devices is important since they can become bottlenecks in large multi-segment networks. Performance metrics and test methodology for bridges and routers were not standardized. Performance data reported by vendors is not applicable to the actual scenarios encountered in an operational network. However, vendor-provided data can be used to calibrate models of bridges and routers that, along with other models, yield performance data for a network. Several tools are available for modeling bridges and routers - Network II.5 was used. The results of the analysis of some bridges and routers are presented.

Estimating bridge stiffness using a forced-vibration technique for timber bridge health monitoring

Treesearch

James P. Wacker; Xiping Wang; Brian Brashaw; Robert J. Ross

2006-01-01

This paper describes an effort to refine a global dynamic testing technique for evaluating the overall stiffness of timber bridge superstructures. A forced vibration method was used to measure the frequency response of several simple-span, sawn timber beam (with plank deck) bridges located in St. Louis County, Minnesota. Static load deflections were also measured to...

Field performance of timber bridges. 11, Spearfish Creek stress-laminated box-beam bridge

Treesearch

J. P. Wacker; M. A. Ritter; K. Stanfill-McMillan

The Spearfish Creek bridge was constructed in 1992 in Spearfish, South Dakota. It is a single-span, stress-laminated, box-beam superstructure. Performance of the bridge is being monitored for 5 years, beginning at installation. This report summarizes results for the first 3-1/2 years of monitoring and includes information on the design, construction, and field...

Procedures for scour assessments at bridges in Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cinotto, Peter J.; White, Kirk E.

2000-01-01

Scour is the process and result of flowing water eroding the bed and banks of a stream. Scour at nearly 14,300 bridges(1) spanning water, and the stability of river and stream channels in Pennsylvania, are being assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). Procedures for bridge-scour assessments have been established to address the needs of PennDOT in meeting a 1988 Federal Highway Administration mandate requiring states to establish a program to assess all public bridges over water for their vulnerability to scour. The procedures also have been established to help develop an understanding of the local and regional factors that affect scour and channel stability. This report describes procedures for the assessment of scour at all bridges that are 20 feet or greater in length that span water in Pennsylvania. There are two basic types of assessment: field-viewed bridge site assessments, for which USGS personnel visit the bridge site, and office-reviewed bridge site assessments, for which USGS personnel compile PennDOT data and do not visit the bridge site. Both types of assessments are primarily focused at assisting PennDOT in meeting the requirements of the Federal Highway Administration mandate; however, both assessments include procedures for the collection and processing of ancillary data for subsequent analysis. Date of bridge construction and the accessibility of the bridge substructure units for inspection determine which type of assessment a bridge receives. A Scour-Critical Bridge Indicator Code and a Scour Assessment Rating are computed from selected collected and compiled data. PennDOT personnel assign the final Scour-Critical Bridge Indicator Code and a Scour Assessment Rating on the basis of their review of all data. (1)Words presented in bold type are defined in the Glossary section of this report.

Rating and analysis of continuous girder bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

Federal regulations prompted as a result of bridge failures require the rating of bridge structures for which federal funds will be utilized for rehabilitation and replacement. The large number of bridges in Virginia subject to being rated makes such...

Design aids of NU I-girders bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

Precast prestressed concrete I-Girder bridges have become the most dominant bridge system in the United States. In the early design : stages, preliminary design becomes a vital first step in designing an economical bridge. Within the state of Nebrask...

Faster bridge construction using precast substructures : brief.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Bridge replacement often requires road closures and detours that frustrate road users. It remains a key goal of Wisconsin DOT to reduce construction-related road use interruptions. This will be a challenge with bridges: Bridge inspections in 2007 ide...

Hillsboro Canal bridge monitoring : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Floridas inventory of 148 moveable bridges is : the largest in the nation. Most employ open grid : steel decks, which have important advantages : over solid bridge decks: they can be assembled in : the factory, are lightweight and easy to install;...

BUILDING "BRIDGES" WITH QUALITY ASSURANCE

EPA Science Inventory

The papr describes how, rather than building "bridges" across centuries, quality assurance (QA) personnel have the opportunity to build bridges across technical disciplines, between public and private organizations, and between different QA groups. As reviewers and auditors of a...

Monitoring bridge scour using fiber optic sensors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-04-01

The scouring process excavates and carries away materials from the bed and banks of streams, and from : around the piers and abutments of bridges. Scour undermines bridges and may cause bridge failures due to : structural instability. In the last 30 ...

Covered Bridge Security Manual

Treesearch

Brett Phares; Terry Wipf; Ryan Sievers; Travis Hosteng

2013-01-01

The design, construction, and use of covered timber bridges is all but a lost art in these days of pre-stressed concrete, high-performance steel, and the significant growth both in the volume and size of vehicles. Furthermore, many of the existing covered timber bridges are preserved only because of their status on the National Registry of Historic Places or the...

Public response to bridge colors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-01-01

To determine people's reactions to bridges painted in colors as white, yellow, green, blue, red, brown, black, and aluminum, two test bridges were selected in Charlottesville, Virginia. One was painted a different color each month and the other was k...

Evaluation of bridge deck sealers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

This study focuses on the evaluation of bridge deck sealers commonly used on highway bridge decks and : their relative performance. After reviewing the most up-to-date research findings on chemical sealers used : by state DOTs, four sealer products t...

Evaluation of the Buena Vista IBRD bridge : a furthering of accelerated bridge construction in Iowa.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

The need to construct bridges that last longer, are less expensive, and take less time to build has increased. The importance of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) technologies has been realized by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the...

Geotextile reinforced bridge approach embankment : Lake River Bridge - Malin Highway , Klamath County, Oregon : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-08-01

An experimental construction method was evaluated at the Lost River Bridge in Klamath County to reduce the discontinuity between the bridge and the roadway. The method included combining soil in six 300-mm lifts interlaced with geotextile reinforceme...

49 CFR 237.33 - Content of bridge management programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Content of bridge management programs. 237.33... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Railroad Bridge Safety Assurance § 237.33 Content of bridge management programs. Each bridge management program adopted in compliance with this part...

49 CFR 237.31 - Adoption of bridge management programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Adoption of bridge management programs. 237.31... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Railroad Bridge Safety Assurance § 237.31 Adoption of bridge management programs. Each track owner shall adopt a bridge safety management program to...

49 CFR 237.31 - Adoption of bridge management programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Adoption of bridge management programs. 237.31... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Railroad Bridge Safety Assurance § 237.31 Adoption of bridge management programs. Each track owner shall adopt a bridge safety management program to...

49 CFR 237.33 - Content of bridge management programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Content of bridge management programs. 237.33... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Railroad Bridge Safety Assurance § 237.33 Content of bridge management programs. Each bridge management program adopted in compliance with this part...

Salt bridge as a gatekeeper against partial unfolding.

PubMed

Hinzman, Mark W; Essex, Morgan E; Park, Chiwook

2016-05-01

Salt bridges are frequently observed in protein structures. Because the energetic contribution of salt bridges is strongly dependent on the environmental context, salt bridges are believed to contribute to the structural specificity rather than the stability. To test the role of salt bridges in enhancing structural specificity, we investigated the contribution of a salt bridge to the energetics of native-state partial unfolding in a cysteine-free version of Escherichia coli ribonuclease H (RNase H*). Thermolysin cleaves a protruding loop of RNase H(*) through transient partial unfolding under native conditions. Lys86 and Asp108 in RNase H(*) form a partially buried salt bridge that tethers the protruding loop. Investigation of the global stability of K86Q/D108N RNase H(*) showed that the salt bridge does not significantly contribute to the global stability. However, K86Q/D108N RNase H(*) is greatly more susceptible to proteolysis by thermolysin than wild-type RNase H(*) is. The free energy for partial unfolding determined by native-state proteolysis indicates that the salt bridge significantly increases the energy for partial unfolding by destabilizing the partially unfolded form. Double mutant cycles with single and double mutations of the salt bridge suggest that the partially unfolded form is destabilized due to a significant decrease in the interaction energy between Lys86 and Asp108 upon partial unfolding. This study demonstrates that, even in the case that a salt bridge does not contribute to the global stability, the salt bridge may function as a gatekeeper against partial unfolding that disturbs the optimal geometry of the salt bridge. © 2016 The Protein Society.

Bridge Scour Measurements Using the Rfid Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moustakidis, I.; Tsakiris, A. G.; Papanicolaou, T.

2010-12-01

The main purpose of this project is to develop a system for continuous monitoring scour around bridge piers and abutments (i.e. bridge scour) using the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology and examine its applicability for estimating scour around a pier or an existing bridge. Excessive bridge scour can compromise the bridge foundations and lead to dramatic bridge collapses with significant impacts on economy and traveling public safety. An RFID system consists of three main components: the low frequency reader (~134.2 kHz frequency), the transponder (derived from transmitter/responder) and the antenna (of rectangular shape with one or more loops). RFID is a technology that permits the wireless two-way transfer of information from a reader to a transponder via RF waves transmitted with an antenna. What makes RFIDs suitable for monitoring bridge scour is that no line of sight is necessary between the reader and the transponder, which can be detected even when it is buried in the bed substrate. The proposed system for monitoring bridge scour relies on the principle that transponders oriented perpendicular to antenna plane can be detected at longer distances, than transponders oriented parallel to it. We intend to attach transponders at predetermined locations (depths) along a chain with known length. The chain will subsequently be driven into the bed substrate at the location where bridge scour hole is expected within the detection range of the antenna, which will be installed directly above the chain. The chain will retain the transponders perpendicular to the antenna plane, so that they can be continuously detected. Once scour takes place, the transponders will be oriented parallel to the antenna plane and thus they will not be detected. The latter will indicate that bridge scour reached the known depth, at which the transponder was initially buried. Once a prototype RFID system is functional, future research will aim at combining it with satellite

IceBridge: Bringing a Field Campaign Home

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woods, J.; Beck, J.; Bartholow, S.

2015-12-01

IceBridge, a six-year NASA mission, is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever flown. It will yield an unprecedented three-dimensional view of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, ice shelves and sea ice. These flights will provide a yearly, multi-instrument look at the behavior of the rapidly changing features of the Greenland and Antarctic ice. Data collected during IceBridge will help scientists bridge the gap in polar observations between NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) -- in orbit since 2003 -- and ICESat-2, planned for 2017. ICESat stopped collecting science data in 2009, making IceBridge critical for ensuring a continuous series of observations. IceBridge will use airborne instruments to map Arctic and Antarctic areas once a year at a minimum, with new campaigns being developed during the Arctic melt season. IceBridge flights are conducted in the spring and summer for the Arctic and in the fall over Antarctica. Other smaller airborne surveys around the world are also part of the IceBridge campaign. IceBridge actively engages the public and educators through a variety of outlets ranging from communications strategies through social media outlets, to larger organized efforts such as PolarTREC. In field activities include blog posts, photo updates, in flight chat sessions, and more intensive live events to include google hangouts, where field team members can interact with the public during a scheduled broadcast. The IceBridge team provides scientists and other team members with the training and support to become communicators in their own right. There is an exciting new initiative where IceBridge will be collaborating with Undergraduate and Graduate students to integrate the next generation of scientists and communicators into the Science Teams. This will be explored through partnerships with institutions that are interested in mentoring through project based initiatives.

Rapid replacement/construction of bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-11-01

Bridges are a key element of the transportation system because they control system capacity and are normally built at : the highest cost to the system. Once a bridge reaches its useful design service life, it needs to be replaced or : reconstructed i...

Advanced bridge safety initiative : live load testing and load rating of the Evans Brook Bridge (#5506) and the Hastings Bridge (#5507) in Batchelders Grant, Maine.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

The Advanced Structures and Composites Center at the University of Maine (UMaine) performed live load testing : and rating factor analysis for two bridges (No. 5506 and No. 5507) in Batchelders Grant, Maine. The bridge load : rating performed by cons...

49 CFR 237.51 - Railroad bridge engineers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... engineering work to be performed: (1) Determine the forces and stresses in railroad bridges and bridge... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Railroad bridge engineers. 237.51 Section 237.51 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...

49 CFR 237.51 - Railroad bridge engineers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... engineering work to be performed: (1) Determine the forces and stresses in railroad bridges and bridge... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Railroad bridge engineers. 237.51 Section 237.51 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...

49 CFR 237.51 - Railroad bridge engineers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... engineering work to be performed: (1) Determine the forces and stresses in railroad bridges and bridge... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Railroad bridge engineers. 237.51 Section 237.51 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...

49 CFR 237.51 - Railroad bridge engineers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... engineering work to be performed: (1) Determine the forces and stresses in railroad bridges and bridge... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Railroad bridge engineers. 237.51 Section 237.51 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...

49 CFR 237.51 - Railroad bridge engineers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... engineering work to be performed: (1) Determine the forces and stresses in railroad bridges and bridge... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Railroad bridge engineers. 237.51 Section 237.51 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...

49 CFR 236.387 - Movable bridge locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Movable bridge locking. 236.387 Section 236.387 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... and Tests § 236.387 Movable bridge locking. Movable bridge locking shall be tested at least once a...

49 CFR 236.387 - Movable bridge locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Movable bridge locking. 236.387 Section 236.387 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... and Tests § 236.387 Movable bridge locking. Movable bridge locking shall be tested at least once a...

Phase II : correlation between experimental and finite element analysis : Alaska bridge 255-Chulitna River bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

In this study, we will monitor the behavior of the Alaska Chulitna Bridge for the specific purpose of assisting the DOT in performing an accurate : condition assessment of this bridge. : Based on the state-of-the-art SHM knowledge and technologies wi...

33 CFR 118.85 - Lights on vertical lift bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on vertical lift bridges... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.85 Lights on vertical lift bridges. (a) Lift span lights. The vertical lift span of every vertical lift bridge shall be lighted so that the center of the...

33 CFR 118.85 - Lights on vertical lift bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on vertical lift bridges... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.85 Lights on vertical lift bridges. (a) Lift span lights. The vertical lift span of every vertical lift bridge shall be lighted so that the center of the...

Maximal liquid bridges between horizontal cylinders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cooray, Himantha; Huppert, Herbert E.; Neufeld, Jerome A.

2016-08-01

We investigate two-dimensional liquid bridges trapped between pairs of identical horizontal cylinders. The cylinders support forces owing to surface tension and hydrostatic pressure that balance the weight of the liquid. The shape of the liquid bridge is determined by analytically solving the nonlinear Laplace-Young equation. Parameters that maximize the trapping capacity (defined as the cross-sectional area of the liquid bridge) are then determined. The results show that these parameters can be approximated with simple relationships when the radius of the cylinders is small compared with the capillary length. For such small cylinders, liquid bridges with the largest cross-sectional area occur when the centre-to-centre distance between the cylinders is approximately twice the capillary length. The maximum trapping capacity for a pair of cylinders at a given separation is linearly related to the separation when it is small compared with the capillary length. The meniscus slope angle of the largest liquid bridge produced in this regime is also a linear function of the separation. We additionally derive approximate solutions for the profile of a liquid bridge, using the linearized Laplace-Young equation. These solutions analytically verify the above-mentioned relationships obtained for the maximization of the trapping capacity.

Modeling walker synchronization on the Millennium Bridge.

PubMed

Eckhardt, Bruno; Ott, Edward; Strogatz, Steven H; Abrams, Daniel M; McRobie, Allan

2007-02-01

On its opening day the London Millennium footbridge experienced unexpected large amplitude wobbling subsequent to the migration of pedestrians onto the bridge. Modeling the stepping of the pedestrians on the bridge as phase oscillators, we obtain a model for the combined dynamics of people and the bridge that is analytically tractable. It provides predictions for the phase dynamics of individual walkers and for the critical number of people for the onset of oscillations. Numerical simulations and analytical estimates reproduce the linear relation between pedestrian force and bridge velocity as observed in experiments. They allow prediction of the amplitude of bridge motion, the rate of relaxation to the synchronized state and the magnitude of the fluctuations due to a finite number of people.

Structural characterization of UHPC waffle bridge deck and connections.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

The AASHTO strategic plan in 2005 for bridge engineering identified extending the service life of bridges and accelerating bridge : construction as two of the grand challenges in bridge engineering. These challenges have the objective of producing sa...

Stability Limits and Dynamics of Nonaxisymmetric Liquid Bridges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, J. Iwan D.; Slobozhanin, Lev A.; Resnick, Andrew H.; Ramus, Jean-Francois; Delafontaine, Sylvie

1999-01-01

Liquid bridges have been the focus of numerous theoretical and experimental investigations since the early work by Plateau more than a century ago. More recently, motivated by interest in their physical behavior and their occurrence in a variety of technological situations, there has been a resurgence of interest in the static and dynamic behavior of liquid bridges. Furthermore, opportunities to carry out experiments in the near weightless environment of a low-Earth-orbit spacecraft have also led to a number of low-gravity experiments involving large liquid bridges. In this paper, we present selected results from our work concerning the stability of nonaxisymmetric liquid bridges, the bifurcation of weightless bridges in the neighborhood of the maximum volume stability limit, isorotating axisymmetric bridges contained between equidimensional disks, and bridges contained between unequal disks. For the latter, we discuss both theoretical and experimental results. Finally, we present results concerning the stability of axisymmetric equilibrium configurations for a capillary liquid partly contained in a closed circular cylinder.

Guardrails for use on historic bridges : volume 1--replacement strategies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Bridges that are designated historic present a special challenge to bridge engineers whenever rehabilitation work or improvements are : made to the bridges. Federal and state laws protect historically significant bridges, and railings on these bridge...

Dynamic Interaction of Long Suspension Bridges with Running Trains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

XIA, H.; XU, Y. L.; CHAN, T. H. T.

2000-10-01

This paper presents an investigation of dynamic interaction of long suspension bridges with running trains. A three-dimensional finite element model is used to represent a long suspension bridge. Each 4-axle vehicle in a train is modelled by a 27-degrees-of-freedom dynamic system. The dynamic interaction between the bridge and train is realized through the contact forces between the wheels and track. By applying a mode superposition technique to the bridge only and taking the measured track irregularities as known quantities, the number of degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) the bridge-train system is significantly reduced and the coupled equations of motion are efficiently solved. The proposed formulation and the associated computer program are then applied to a real long suspension bridge carrying a railway within the bridge deck. The dynamic response of the bridge-train system and the derail and offload factors related to the running safety of the train are computed. The results show that the formulation presented in this paper can well predict dynamic behaviors of both bridge and train with reasonable computation efforts. Dynamic interaction between the long suspension bridge and train is not significant.

Highway bridge inspection : state-of-the-practice survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-04-01

The congressionally mandated National Bridge Inspection program requires States to periodically inventory, inspect, and rate all highway bridges on public roads. The National Bridge Inspection Standards, implemented in 1971, prescribe minimum require...

Polymer concrete bridge deck overlays : Deschutes River Bridge (Biggs) and Maupin Bridge (Maupin) : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-07-01

This report documents the construction and performance of two thin polymer concrete (with polyester/styrene resins) bridge deck overlays. The overlays were constructed in Biggs and Maupin, Oregon in June 1993. : Several problems were encountered duri...

Development of an anti-EPO antibody detection kit based on lab-on-a-chip and bridging antibody technologies.

PubMed

Oh, Jin-Gyo; Seong, Jihyun; Han, Sunmi; Heo, Tae-Hwe

2018-05-17

Immunogenicity is a major concern in the use of biological drugs. In particular, antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare condition that is caused by administration of recombinant erythropoietin. There are numerous assay platforms for detect EPO anti-drug antibody (ADA), and most have appropriate assay sensitivity, but in need of improvement in terms of assay turnaround time and user accessibility. Here, the new method was developed based on lab-on-a-chip technology and bridging ELISA. The FREND™ Cartridge is equipped with a microfluidic lateral flow channel, enabling easy, fast and accurate immunoassays with small sample volumes. Biotinylated EPO was immobilized on the avidin-coated solid phase of the test zone in the FREND™ cartridge. Initially, ADA in the serum sample binds to the detector conjugate (EPO-HRP-anti HRP antibody-FL bead) in the conjugation zone, and it flows into the test zone prepared with capture complex (avidin-biotinylated EPO). Unbound detector complexes are captured in the reference zone. The FREND™ system detects and quantifies the fluorescence signals in each zone and then calculates the concentration of EPO ADA in the sample. The FREND™ EPO ADA kit may be useful in local clinics as a rapid method for monitoring patients administered recombinant erythropoietin. Copyright © 2018 International Alliance for Biological Standardization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wind tunnel test of musi VI bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Permata, Robby; Andika, Matza Gusto; Syariefatunnisa, Risdhiawan, Eri; Hermawan, Budi; Noordiana, Indra

2017-11-01

Musi VI Bridge is planned to cross the Musi River in Palembang City, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The main span is a steel arch type with 200 m length and side span length is 75 m. Finite element analysis results showed that the bridge has frequency ratio for torsional and heaving mode (torsional frequency/heaving frequency)=1.14. This close to unity value rises concern about aerodynamic behaviour and stability of the bridge deck under wind loading. Sectional static and free vibration wind tunnel test were performed to clarify this phenomena in B2TA3 facility in Serpong, Indonesia. The test followed the draft of Guide of Wind Tunnel Test for Bridges developed by Indonesian Ministry of Public Works. Results from wind tunnel testing show that the bridge is safe from flutter instability and no coupled motion vibration observed. Therefore, low value of frequency ratio has no effect to aerodynamic behaviour of the bridge deck. Vortex-induced vibration in heaving mode occurred in relatively low wind velocity with permissible maximum amplitude value.

A 3-D view of field-scale fault-zone cementation from geologically ground-truthed electrical resistivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnes, H.; Spinelli, G. A.; Mozley, P.

2015-12-01

Fault-zones are an important control on fluid flow, affecting groundwater supply, hydrocarbon/contaminant migration, and waste/carbon storage. However, current models of fault seal are inadequate, primarily focusing on juxtaposition and entrainment effects, despite the recognition that fault-zone cementation is common and can dramatically reduce permeability. We map the 3D cementation patterns of the variably cemented Loma Blanca fault from the land surface to ~40 m depth, using electrical resistivity and induced polarization (IP). The carbonate-cemented fault zone is a region of anomalously low normalized chargeability, relative to the surrounding host material. Zones of low-normalized chargeability immediately under the exposed cement provide the first ground-truth that a cemented fault yields an observable IP anomaly. Low-normalized chargeability extends down from the surface exposure, surrounded by zones of high-normalized chargeability, at an orientation consistent with normal faults in the region; this likely indicates cementation of the fault zone at depth, which could be confirmed by drilling and coring. Our observations are consistent with: 1) the expectation that carbonate cement in a sandstone should lower normalized chargeability by reducing pore-surface area and bridging gaps in the pore space, and 2) laboratory experiments confirming that calcite precipitation within a column of glass beads decreases polarization magnitude. The ability to characterize spatial variations in the degree of fault-zone cementation with resistivity and IP has exciting implications for improving predictive models of the hydrogeologic impacts of cementation within faults.

A Bridge to Active Learning: A Summer Bridge Program Helps Students Maximize Their Active-Learning Experiences and the Active-Learning Experiences of Others

PubMed Central

Cooper, Katelyn M.; Ashley, Michael; Brownell, Sara E.

2017-01-01

National calls to improve student academic success in college have sparked the development of bridge programs designed to help students transition from high school to college. We designed a 2-week Summer Bridge program that taught introductory biology content in an active-learning way. Through a set of exploratory interviews, we unexpectedly identified that Bridge students had developed sophisticated views of active learning, even though this was not an explicit goal of the program. We conducted an additional set of semistructured interviews that focused on active learning and compared the interviews of Bridge students with those from non-Bridge students who had been eligible for but did not participate in the program. We used the constant comparative method to identify themes from the interviews. We found that Bridge students perceived that, because they knew how to approach active learning and viewed it as important, they benefited more from active learning in introductory biology than non-Bridge students. Specifically, Bridge students seemed to be more aware of their own learning gains from participating in active learning. Compared with the majority of non-Bridge students, the majority of Bridge students described using a greater variety of strategies to maximize their experiences in active learning. Finally, in contrast to non-Bridge students, Bridge students indicated that they take an equitable approach to group work. These findings suggest that we may be able to prime students to maximize their own and other’s experiences in active learning. PMID:28232588

Toll bridge report to the California legislature, FY 2001 - 02

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

In the San Francisco Bay Area, eight toll bridges serve as essential transportation arteries for the traveling public. Seven of the bridges are state-owned: the Antioch Bridge, the Benicia-Martinez Bridge, the Carquinez Bridge, the Richmond-San Rafae...

Concrete bridge deck condition assessment and improvement strategies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-11-01

The aging and deterioration of bridges in Utah mandates increasingly cost-effective strategies for bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and repair (MR&R). Although the substructures and superstructures of bridges in Utah are in relatively good structu...

0-6722 : spread prestressed concrete slab beam bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

The Texas Department of Transportation uses : precast prestressed concrete slab beam bridges for : shorter-span bridges of approximately 3050 ft in : length. Conventional slab beam bridges have slab : beams placed immediately adjacent to one anoth...

Final report bridge design system analysis and modernization.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-27

The Bridge Design System (BDS) is an in-house software program developed by the Michigan Department of Transportations : (MDOT) Bridge Design Unit. The BDS designs bridges according to the required specifications, and outputs corresponding design ...

Building Bridges One Line at a Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grigsby, Cathy Murray

2012-01-01

In this article, first-grade students were taught the different kinds of lines that were part of the construction of various bridges--the curved lines of the arches of stone bridges, straight lines connecting the cables of a suspension bridge, vertical lines, horizontal lines, and so on. They gained practice in drawing structures and in fine brush…

Characterization of railroad bridge service interruptions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-02-01

The Federal Railroad Administration contracted Transportation Technology Center, Inc., to study bridge problems that cause accidents or service interruptions and to use this information to evaluate the need to develop bridge monitoring systems. Exist...

Assessment of Bridging Requirements and Current Bridging Capabilities for use of Legacy Heavy Forces Inside the Contemporary Operational Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

vehicle-launched bridge (AVLB), the medium-girder bridge (MGB) and the Ribbon Bridge. The AVLB is capable of crossing 17-meter gaps using a crew under ... armor protection (FM 5-34, 2001). The MGB is capable of crossing single spans of 46.2 meters with the addition of a “link-reinforcement system” that

Associations between county and municipality zoning ordinances and access to fruit and vegetable outlets in rural North Carolina, 2012.

PubMed

Mayo, Mariel Leah; Pitts, Stephanie B Jilcott; Chriqui, Jamie F

2013-12-05

Zoning ordinances and land-use plans may influence the community food environment by determining placement and access to food outlets, which subsequently support or hinder residents' attempts to eat healthfully. The objective of this study was to examine associations between healthful food zoning scores as derived from information on local zoning ordinances, county demographics, and residents' access to fruit and vegetable outlets in rural northeastern North Carolina. From November 2012 through March 2013, county and municipality zoning ordinances were identified and double-coded by using the Bridging the Gap food code/policy audit form. A healthful food zoning score was derived by assigning points for the allowed use of fruit and vegetable outlets. Pearson coefficients were calculated to examine correlations between the healthful food zoning score, county demographics, and the number of fruit and vegetable outlets. In March and April 2013, qualitative interviews were conducted among county and municipal staff members knowledgeable about local zoning and planning to ascertain implementation and enforcement of zoning to support fruit and vegetable outlets. We found a strong positive correlation between healthful food zoning scores and the number of fruit and vegetable outlets in 13 northeastern North Carolina counties (r = 0.66, P = .01). Major themes in implementation and enforcement of zoning to support fruit and vegetable outlets included strict enforcement versus lack of enforcement of zoning regulations. Increasing the range of permitted uses in zoning districts to include fruit and vegetable outlets may increase access to healthful fruit and vegetable outlets in rural communities.

Associations Between County and Municipality Zoning Ordinances and Access to Fruit And Vegetable Outlets in Rural North Carolina, 2012

PubMed Central

Mayo, Mariel Leah; Chriqui, Jamie F.

2013-01-01

Introduction Zoning ordinances and land-use plans may influence the community food environment by determining placement and access to food outlets, which subsequently support or hinder residents’ attempts to eat healthfully. The objective of this study was to examine associations between healthful food zoning scores as derived from information on local zoning ordinances, county demographics, and residents’ access to fruit and vegetable outlets in rural northeastern North Carolina. Methods From November 2012 through March 2013, county and municipality zoning ordinances were identified and double-coded by using the Bridging the Gap food code/policy audit form. A healthful food zoning score was derived by assigning points for the allowed use of fruit and vegetable outlets. Pearson coefficients were calculated to examine correlations between the healthful food zoning score, county demographics, and the number of fruit and vegetable outlets. In March and April 2013, qualitative interviews were conducted among county and municipal staff members knowledgeable about local zoning and planning to ascertain implementation and enforcement of zoning to support fruit and vegetable outlets. Results We found a strong positive correlation between healthful food zoning scores and the number of fruit and vegetable outlets in 13 northeastern North Carolina counties (r = 0.66, P = .01). Major themes in implementation and enforcement of zoning to support fruit and vegetable outlets included strict enforcement versus lack of enforcement of zoning regulations. Conclusion Increasing the range of permitted uses in zoning districts to include fruit and vegetable outlets may increase access to healthful fruit and vegetable outlets in rural communities. PMID:24309091

Why the water bridge does not collapse

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aerov, Artem A.

2011-09-01

In 2007 an interesting phenomenon was discovered [J. Phys. DJPAPBE0022-372710.1088/0022-3727/40/19/052 40, 6112 (2007)]: a horizontal thread of water, the so-called water bridge, hangs in a horizontal electrostatic field. A different explanation of the water bridge stability is proposed herein: the force supporting it is the surface tension of water, while the role of the electric field is to not allow the water bridge to reduce its surface energy by breaking into separate drops. It is proven that electrostatic field is not the origin of the tension holding the bridge.

23 CFR 650.705 - Application for discretionary bridge funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Application for discretionary bridge funds. 650.705... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Discretionary Bridge Candidate Rating Factor § 650.705 Application for discretionary bridge funds. Each year through its field offices, the FHWA will...

23 CFR 650.705 - Application for discretionary bridge funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Application for discretionary bridge funds. 650.705... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Discretionary Bridge Candidate Rating Factor § 650.705 Application for discretionary bridge funds. Each year through its field offices, the FHWA will...

New conceptual design of portable bamboo bridge for emergency purposes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musthaffa, A. A.; Nor, N. M.; Yusof, M. A.; Yuhazri, M. Y.

2018-02-01

Portable bridges serve as routes for troops during the military operations and the disaster relief operation. Nowadays, bamboo has been regarded as one of the alternative construction materials for building and bridge structures. This paper presents the conceptual design of the portable bridge. Several types of portable bridges and bamboo bridges are reviewed in the current work. The characteristics, capability and method of construction of each bridge are discussed. Finally, the conceptual of the portable bamboo bridge for emergency purposes is presented. The idea of producing portable bridge is proposed in the current work as it is crucial for providing route for communities affected by natural disasters.

A cloud-based information repository for bridge monitoring applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeong, Seongwoon; Zhang, Yilan; Hou, Rui; Lynch, Jerome P.; Sohn, Hoon; Law, Kincho H.

2016-04-01

This paper describes an information repository to support bridge monitoring applications on a cloud computing platform. Bridge monitoring, with instrumentation of sensors in particular, collects significant amount of data. In addition to sensor data, a wide variety of information such as bridge geometry, analysis model and sensor description need to be stored. Data management plays an important role to facilitate data utilization and data sharing. While bridge information modeling (BrIM) technologies and standards have been proposed and they provide a means to enable integration and facilitate interoperability, current BrIM standards support mostly the information about bridge geometry. In this study, we extend the BrIM schema to include analysis models and sensor information. Specifically, using the OpenBrIM standards as the base, we draw on CSI Bridge, a commercial software widely used for bridge analysis and design, and SensorML, a standard schema for sensor definition, to define the data entities necessary for bridge monitoring applications. NoSQL database systems are employed for data repository. Cloud service infrastructure is deployed to enhance scalability, flexibility and accessibility of the data management system. The data model and systems are tested using the bridge model and the sensor data collected at the Telegraph Road Bridge, Monroe, Michigan.

Diagnostic evaluation and repair of deteriorated concrete bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-01

Concrete bridge deck degradation has been observed in several bridges located in north Mississippi. In this study a : survey was conducted to collect and document instances of deterioration in concrete bridges located throughout the State. The : main...

Compilation of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) bridges : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

Development of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) technologies has been occurring across the country, many times in : isolation. Although FHWA and others have worked to facilitate communication between these efforts, there was not a : comprehensiv...

Verification of Texas superheavy load criteria for bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-01

This report evaluates TxDOT criteria for the superheavy loads that trigger bridge analyses to determine : whether the criteria adequately protects Texas bridges. Researchers used solid modeling calibrated with a : bridge test of a 3-span continuous s...

Diagnostic evaluation and repair of deteriorated concrete bridges

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-01

Concrete bridge deck degradation has been observed in several bridges located in north Mississippi. In this study a survey was conducted to collect and document instances of deterioration in concrete bridges located throughout the State. The main cau...

Developing a Tele-Robotic Platform for Bridge Inspection

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-05-01

There are many bridges in Virginia with high traffic volumes or difficult access conditions which make these bridges difficult and expensive to inspect. In addition, the inspection of many bridges exposes the inspectors to hazardous conditions such a...

Geosynthetic reinforced soil for low-volume bridge abutments.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

This report presents a review of literature on geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments, and test results and analysis from two : field demonstration projects (Bridge 1 and Bridge 2) conducted in Buchanan County, Iowa, to evaluate the feas...

25 CFR 170.507 - Who reviews bridge inspection reports?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who reviews bridge inspection reports? 170.507 Section... ROADS PROGRAM Planning, Design, and Construction of Indian Reservation Roads Program Facilities Bridge Inspection § 170.507 Who reviews bridge inspection reports? The person responsible for the bridge inspection...

Crashworthy railing for timber bridges

Treesearch

Michael A. Ritter; Ronald K. Faller; Sheila Rimal Duwadi

1999-01-01

Bridge railing systems in the United States have historically beers designed based on static load criteria given in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation 0fficials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. In the past decade, full-scale vehicle crash testing has been recognized as a more appropriate and reliable method of evaluating...

A Hierarchical Analysis of Bridge Decision Makers ... The Role of New Technology Adoption in the Timber Bridge Market: Special Project

Treesearch

Robert L. Smith; Robert J. Bush; Daniel L. Schmoldt

1995-01-01

Bridge design engineers and local highway officials make bridge replacement decisions across the United States. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to characterize the bridge material selection decision of these individuals. State Department of Transportation engineers, private consulting engineers, and local highway officials were personally interviewed in...

Characterization of bridge foundations workshop report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

"In 2013, the Federal Highway Administration proposed a new research program for the characterization of bridge foundations. To narrow the focus and develop a research roadmap for the program, a workshop on Characterization of Bridge Foundations...

Environmental impacts of bridge cleaning operations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-02-01

Cleaning (washing) operations of existing leaded paints on bridges were studied to determine the level of lead contamination in the resulting wastewater. Twelve experimental overcoating projects were let on bridges with various types of existing pain...

Characterization of bridge foundations workshop report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-11-01

In 2013, the Federal Highway Administration proposed a new research program for the characterization of bridge : foundations. To narrow the focus and develop a research roadmap for the program, a workshop on : Characterization of Bridge Foundation...

Stability limits and dynamics of nonaxisymmetric liquid bridges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, J. Iwan D.; Resnik, Andy; Kaukler, William F.

1993-01-01

This program of theoretical and experimental ground-based and low gravity research is focussed on the understanding of the dynamics and stability limits of nonaxisymmetric liquid bridges. There are three basic objectives to the proposed work: (1) to determine the stability limits of nonaxisymmetric liquid bridges held between non-coaxially aligned disks; (2) to examine the dynamics of nonaxisymmetric bridges and nonaxisymmetric oscillations of initially axisymmetric bridges (some of these experiments require a low gravity environment and the ground-based research will culminate in a definitive flight experiment); and (3) to experimentally investigate the vibration sensitivity of liquid bridges under terrestrial and low gravity conditions.

IceBridge team members

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-11-13

These IceBridge team members aboard a huge U.S. Air Force C-17 transport aircraft are ready to step out into the cold Antarctic air. The C-17 aircraft that fly to Antarctica are operated by the U.S. Air Force's 62nd and 446th Airlift Wings based at Joint Base Lewis-McChord near Seattle, Wash. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Michael Studinger NASA's Operation IceBridge is an airborne science mission to study Earth's polar ice. For more information about IceBridge, visit: www.nasa.gov/icebridge NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Developing a bridge scour warning system : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-01

Flooding and scour can be major threats to the integrity of bridges. During flood events, : scour at bridge piers and abutments can undermine the foundations of the bridge, causing : significant damage or even total structure loss. Because scour occu...

Methods of modifying historic bridges for contemporary use.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

Studied by a team of experts in the fields of history, bridge engineering, architecture, and computer analysis were 21 old truss bridges of historical importance located in Virginia. These old bridges are narrow and have low load-carrying capacities,...

Developing a bridge scour warning system : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-09-01

Flooding and scour can be major threats to the integrity of bridges. During flood events, scour at bridge piers : and abutments can undermine the foundations of the bridge, causing significant damage or even total structure loss. : Because scour occu...

49 CFR 237.71 - Determination of bridge load capacities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Determination of bridge load capacities. 237.71... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Capacity of Bridges § 237.71 Determination of bridge load capacities. (a) Each track owner shall determine the load capacity of each of its...

49 CFR 237.71 - Determination of bridge load capacities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination of bridge load capacities. 237.71... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Capacity of Bridges § 237.71 Determination of bridge load capacities. (a) Each track owner shall determine the load capacity of each of its...

Scour damage to Vermont bridges and scour monitoring.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

Scour is by far the primary cause of bridge failures in the United States. Regionally, the : vulnerability of bridges to flood damage became evident from the damage seen to Vermont : bridges in the 2011 Tropical Storm Irene. Successfully mitigating s...

Real time assessment of dynamic loads on bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

Highway bridges are an important class of civil structures that are subject to continuously : acting and varying dynamic loads due to traffic. A large number of highway bridges in the US : (bridges on interstate highways or state highways which have ...

Evaluation of Virginia's first heated bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-12-01

This study is a contribution to the Heated Bridge Technology Program established in 1991 under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. The goal of the program was to find durable and environmentally friendly heated bridge technologies f...

Bridge response due to temperature variations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

In order to more accurately quantify the behavior and degradation of bridges throughout their service life, the : Federal Highway Administration lunched the Long-Term Bridge Performance Program. As part of this program : an I-girder, integral abutmen...

33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... bridges. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges. (a... through bridges with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...

33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... bridges. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges. (a... through bridges with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...

Monitoring system of arch bridge for safety network management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joo, Bong Chul; Yoo, Young Jun; Lee, Chin Hyung; Park, Ki Tae; Hwang, Yoon Koog

2010-03-01

Korea has constructed the safety management network monitoring test systems for the civil infrastructure since 2006 which includes airport structure, irrigation structure, railroad structure, road structure, and underground structure. Bridges among the road structure include the various superstructure types which are Steel box girder bridge, suspension bridge, PSC-box-girder bridge, and arch bridge. This paper shows the process of constructing the real-time monitoring system for the arch bridge and the measured result by the system. The arch type among various superstructure types has not only the structural efficiency but the visual beauty, because the arch type superstructure makes full use of the feature of curve. The main measuring points of arch bridges composited by curved members make a difference to compare with the system of girder bridges composited by straight members. This paper also shows the method to construct the monitoring system that considers the characteristic of the arch bridge. The system now includes strain gauges and thermometers, and it will include various sensor types such as CCTV, accelerometers and so on additionally. For the long term and accuracy monitoring, the latest optical sensors and equipments are applied to the system.

A Comparison of Limb-Socket Kinematics of Bone-Bridging and Non-Bone-Bridging Wartime Transtibial Amputations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-16

each successive loading interval. Subset analysis was performed on the basis of amputation type (bone bridging or non bone bridging) and suspension...fitting, patient care. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1969. 2. Ertl J. Uber amputationsstumpfe. Chirurg. 1949;20:218 24. 3. Pinto MA

I-5/Gilman advanced technology bridge project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lanza di Scalea, Francesco; Karbhari, Vistasp M.; Seible, Frieder

2000-04-01

The UCSD led I-5/Gilman Advanced Technology Bridge Project will design and construct a fully functional traffic bridge of advanced composite materials across Interstate 5 in La Jolla, California. Its objective is to demonstrate the use of advanced composite technologies developed by the aerospace industry in commercial applications to increase the life expectancy of new structures and for the rehabilitation of aging infrastructure components. The structure will be a 450 ft long, 60 ft wide cable-stayed bridge supported by a 150 ft A-frame pylon with two vehicular lanes, two bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways and utility tunnels. The longitudinal girders and pylon will be carbon fiber shells filled with concrete. The transverse deck system will consist of hollow glass/carbon hybrid tubes and a polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete deck with an arch action. Selected cables will be composite. The bridge's structural behavior will be monitored to determine how advanced composite materials perform in civil infrastructure applications. The bridge will be instrumented to obtain performance and structural health data in real time and, where possible, in a remote fashion. The sensors applied to the bridge will include electrical resistance strain gages, fiberoptic Bragg gratings and accelerometers.

3. CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF BRIDGE IN SETTING, LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. CONTEXTUAL VIEW OF BRIDGE IN SETTING, LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM ELEVATED GRADE OF EUREKA SOUTHERN RAILROAD. EUREKA SOUTHERN TRUSS BRIDGE AT EXTREME LEFT, 1924 HIGHWAY BRIDGE IN CENTER, 1952 HIGHWAY BRIDGE AT RIGHT - Van Duzen River Bridge, Spanning Van Duzen River at CA State Highway 101, Alton, Humboldt County, CA

25. VIEW OF McGREGOR BRIDGE (18811936), CROSSING THE MERRIMACK RIVER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. VIEW OF McGREGOR BRIDGE (1881-1936), CROSSING THE MERRIMACK RIVER AT BRIDGE STREET, LOOKING SOUTHEAST. NORTH ELEVATION OF DOUBLE-DECKED, THREE-SPAN DOUGLAS PATENT PARABOLIC IRON TRUSS ERECTED BY CORRUGATED METAL COMPANY (BERLIN IRON BRIDGE COMPANY, BERLIN, CT) From 'Bridge Street Bridge', photographer and date unknown. - Notre Dame Bridge, Spanning Merrimack River on Bridge Street, Manchester, Hillsborough County, NH

The Consequences of Alfven Waves and Parallel Potential Drops in the Auroral Zone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schriver, David

2003-01-01

The goal of this research is to examine the causes of field-aligned plasma acceleration in the auroral zone using satellite data and numerical simulations. A primary question to be addressed is what causes the field-aligned acceleration of electrons (leading to precipitation) and ions (leading to upwelling ions) in the auroral zone. Data from the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) and Polar satellites is used when the two satellites are in approximate magnetic conjunction and are in the auroral region. FAST is at relatively low altitudes and samples plasma in the midst of the auroral acceleration region while Polar is at much higher altitudes and can measure plasmas and waves propagating towards the Earth. Polar can determine the sources of energy streaming earthward from the magnetotail, either in the form of field-aligned currents, electromagnetic waves or kinetic particle energy, that ultimately leads to the acceleration of plasma in the auroral zone. After identifying and examining several events, numerical simulations are run that bridges the spatial region between the two satellites. The code is a one-dimensional, long system length particle in cell simulation that has been developed to model the auroral region. A main goal of this research project is to include Alfven waves in the simulation to examine how these waves can accelerate plasma in the auroral zone.

Free energy landscape of a minimalist salt bridge model.

PubMed

Li, Xubin; Lv, Chao; Corbett, Karen M; Zheng, Lianqing; Wu, Dongsheng; Yang, Wei

2016-01-01

Salt bridges are essential to protein stability and dynamics. Despite the importance, there has been scarce of detailed discussion on how salt bridge partners interact with each other in distinct solvent exposed environments. In this study, employing a recent generalized orthogonal space tempering (gOST) method, we enabled efficient molecular dynamics simulation of repetitive breaking and reforming of salt bridge structures within a minimalist salt-bridge model, the Asp-Arg dipeptide and thereby were able to map its detailed free energy landscape in aqueous solution. Free energy surface analysis shows that although individually-solvated states are more favorable, salt-bridge states still occupy a noticeable portion of the overall population. Notably, the competing forces, e.g. intercharge attractions that drive the formation of salt bridges and solvation forces that pull the charged groups away from each other, are energetically comparable. As the result, the salt bridge stability is highly tunable by local environments; for instance when local water molecules are perturbed to interact more strongly with each other, the population of the salt-bridge states is likely to increase. Our results reveal the critical role of local solvent structures in modulating salt-bridge partner interactions and imply the importance of water fluctuations on conformational dynamics that involves solvent accessible salt bridge formations. © 2015 The Protein Society.

Dynamic testing of the T223 bridge rail.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

The TxDOT T203 bridge rail is often used on bridges where asphalt overlays reduce the effective : height of the bridge rail. This reduction in height due to asphalt paving overlay is undesirable. For this : project, several geometric features were ch...

Implementation of heat-straightening repairs for Louisiana bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

The goal of this study was to implement the latest heat-straightening repair technology on a Louisiana Bridge. The bridge chosen was an overpass just east of Lake Charles crossing 1-10. Working with both state and district personnel, the bridge was r...

Advanced bridge safety initiative: phase 2, task 1 - rivet testing of rivets taken from Maine truss bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-01

The Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT) has removed 25 rivets from an existing, older truss bridge. : Many such truss bridges have low rating factors as determined using Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) : and the American Association o...

Suicides by jumping from iconic bridges in Hong Kong.

PubMed

Wong, P W C; Chan, W S C; Lau, T K; Morgan, P R; Yip, P S F

2009-01-01

Three bridges in Hong Kong have become iconic sites for suicide since their openings 11 years ago. This retrospective record-based study aimed to examine suicides by jumping from a group of three iconic bridges in Hong Kong, and to explore potential preventive strategies on these bridges to prevent future suicide. We examined the Coroner's files of 12 people who killed themselves by jumping from the bridges between 1997 and 2007. We also examined the Coroner's files of other suicides in 2003, and compared them with the bridge suicides. The majority of the suicides were male, middle-age (40-59 years), married or cohabiting, not living alone, employed or self-employed, and in financial difficulty. None of these cases had a reported psychiatric diagnosis or psychiatric care history, and only one case had a history of suicidal attempt. Compared with other suicides in Hong Kong, the bridge jumpers were more likely to be younger, holding a job, indebted, free from a psychiatric and attempt history, and to leave a suicide note (p < .05). The bridge suicide cases in Hong Kong also appeared to be different from the profiles of bridge jumpers in other countries. Erection of an effective safety barrier has been found to prevent bridge suicides in many countries. Given the different characteristics of bridge jumpers in Hong Kong and the technical difficulties, more innovative ways may be needed to prevent suicides by such means. Potential prevention measures are discussed and, hopefully, will better inform the future design and development of bridges of significance.

Bridge deck deterioration study : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-03-01

The basic purpose of this study was to investigate three bridges in the northern section of Louisiana in an attempt to determine if there is sufficient deterioration and corrosion of the reinforcing steel to warrant a comprehensive study of bridge de...

Construction of crack-free bridge decks.